A form of energy propagated as waves that make our eardrums vibrate Caused by vibrating objects A type of longitudinal waves

es Sound waves is a longitudinal waves : The air particles vibrate backward and forward in the direction parallel to the direction of propagation of sound wave. Wavelength of sound = distance between two successive regions of compression or two successive regions of rarefaction

AMPLITUDE increases, LOUDNESS increases.

ECHOES reflection of sound waves Infrasound Less than 20 Hz Normal audible range Ultrasound 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz Higher than 20 000 Hz

APPLICATION OF REFLECTION OF SOUND WAVES :

1. Transmitter (also known as transducer) emits ultrasound (echoes) downwards to foetus. 2. A detector will receive the ultrasound (echoes) reflected by various parts of the foetus. 3. The soft tissues of the foetus absorb most of the incident ultrasound, reflect very little. The bony parts will absorb very little, but reflect most of the ultrasound. The reflected ultrasound will produce an image of contrasting brightness.

1. Echolocation is the use of of sound waves and echoes to determine where objects are in space. Bats use echolocation to navigate and find food in the dark. 2. To echolocate, bats sound waves from their mouth or nose. 3. When the sound waves hit an object, they produce echoes. 4. The echo bounces of the object and returns to the bat ears.

1. Sonar is a system that sends out sound waves and measures how long it takes for them to be reflected and a return as way to detect the depth of water or to find objects under water. 2. The time interval, t between the sending and receiving of the ultrasound signal after reflection from the seabed is measured.

1. Blind men use an ultrasonic beam to help them to see. 2. They use ultrasonic spectacles to transmit ultrasonic waves. 3. A receiver in the persons ear will receive the reflected from an object.

 It consists of a group of waves with similar natures. The members of the electromagnetic spectrum arranged in increasing frequencies and decreasing wavelengths are radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays and gamma rays.

Electromagnetic spectrum sources and applications :