A

CHINESE-TIBETAN-ENGLISH VISUAL DICTIONARY

OF NEW DAILY VOCABULARY

CHINESE-TIBETAN-ENGLISH VISUAL DICTIONARY

OF NEW DAILY VOCABULARY

o-2R.-.LA/-$?3-$?<-L%-o/-2!R=-<A?-:PJ=-3A%-36S.-lR3-1A$-5S-(%-$A?,

?A-OR/-3A-<A$?-.0J-0/-#%-,

3$R-2eR.,
!, ,2lJ-(J/-;J->J?-.GA=-:#R<-o?-0:A-(, ,
.L%?-$?=-;A-$J:A-$9$?-?-i3-3=-+J, ,
:#R<-:.?->J?-L:A-35/-*A.-$?=-36.-0, ,
,2-.2%-:PR-2:A-3A$-$&A$-K$-$A-;=, ,
!R%-(J/-$R-=-^3-0R:C-HR/-;%?-?, ,
;%-.$-<A$-0:A-:UA/-29%-:IJ.-3#?-0:A, ,
.R/-.3-/%-$A-1R/-3J-:)3-0:A-.L%?, ,
:V=-3J.-g$-0:A-:R.-$%-:2<-I<-&A$ ,
2?A=-uR%?-kR%?-0:A-($-(J/-3,<-LJ.-0, ,
$4$-=$-*A-3:A->A%-g-YA.-0:A-3A$ ,
{=-29%-?-3#/-.%-0R:C-aR2-.0R/-(J, ,
:)3-3$R/-,R/-3A:A-2!:-SA/-a<-;%-S/, ,
2R.-GA-{.-;A$-/A-2R.-3A-3,:-.$-$A-.R/-29%-<%-$?=-OR-2-3J.-0:A-aR2-.0R/-.3-0;A/-0<-3-9., 2&-U$-<A$-$8%-2..-lA:A-*A%-2&.-:6B/-0:A-$R.-29%-0R-.%-3A------<A$?-ZA=-0R:A-=$?-$*A?-GA-.2$?-o/-*R%-2:A-YR$-l:%-;A/, .J?-/-<%-$A-{.-;A$2o.-:6B/-.%-.<-%J=-LJ.-0-/A-2R.-3A-;R%?-mR$?-GA-U$-0<-<%-28A/-IA?-22?-0:A$=-0R-(J:A-#<-8A$-;A/-0:%-(R?-&A-.$R?-?R, ,

=<-3A-<A$?-$%-8A$-;A/-;%-<%-, <%-$A-<A$-$/?-;R%?-mR$?-.%-z$-0<-.-{..%-;A-$J-$*A?-0R-3-*3?-0<-.?-<2?->A$-/?-.?-<2?-$8/-8A$-+-HJ<-+J-:PR-,20<-LJ.-0-/A-(J?-$=-(J-2:A-L-28$-&A$-;A/-=, H.-0<-.-.-v-/A-2h-:UA/-.%-S-2:A.?-<2?-;A/-0?-{.-;A$-$*A?-0R-2h-:UA/-IA-M<-:PR?-$8%-=3-=-2gJ/-/?-,/--3A/-IA-;=-.%-.?-GA-/%-.-,/-3A/-IA-L-2-LJ.-.-:)$-.$R?-0-!J, :.A-.$-/A-3A-<A$?>A$-$A?-=R-%R-!R%-U$-.-3<-2?$?-0:A->J?-<2-GA-?%?-2&.-.$-3A-<A$?-<%-$A-%R-2R.%-2&?-+J-;/-/?-;/-.-:5S-$/?-LJ.-,2-3A/-IA-$/.-=-,$-0:A-L-2-(J/-0R-8A$-;A/0?-,3?-&.-GA?-2?3-]R-3A-$+R%-,2?-3J.-;A/, ,

H.-0<-.-2R.-GA-{.-.%-;A-$J-:.A-/A-,-~.-1/-?3-5S$?->A%-, (R?-.%-:)A$-gJ/-$%8A$-$A-2eR.-L-$%-=:%-2h-3R.-GA-/?-0-H.-0<-2-.%-w/-=, <A$-$/?-GA-<A/-,%(J?-(J-2:A-{.-;A$-&A$-;A/-3R., .J%-?%-<%-<J:A-{.-;A$-=-3-:.%?-0:A-(-$?<-28A$-;R.-0-/A, .?-<2?-$?<-2:A-/%-.-L-2-.%-.%R?-m?-$?<-2-.L<-.?-GA-lA->A%28A/-.-:1J=-2-/, .J-.$-=-;R%?-P$?-GA-2h-(.-5.-w/-$.$?-0:A-L-2-KA-:I%??-I<-0?-.-v-,-~.-$?<-2:A-,.-=-!R%-(->A/-+-(J/-0R-8A$-L%-:.$-0-.J-;A/, .J-/A<A$-$/?-.%-.0=-:LR<-?R$?-;<-o?-?-:PR-2-=-2<-(.-(J/-0R-8A$-+-$%-%R-, ,.J?/-!R%-(-.J-<A3-IA?-#-2{%-2<-L-2:A-KA<-%J?-0<-.-:2.-0-(J/-0R-8A$-LJ.-.$R?->A%-,
.J:%-,R$-3<-o/-IA-:5S-2:A-/%-$A-,-~.-,3?-&.-<%-$A-{.-;A$-#R-/:A-,R$-/?-2.J]$-+-2eR.-,2-0-8A$-3J.-.-3A-<%-2-;A/-=, 3A%-2h-,-~.-GA-i3-28$-:,?-5%2<-:6$?-0-.%-, {.-.%-;A-$J:A-H.-(R?-fA%-2-}R$-:.R/-.%-$?<-2-$+/-:2J2?LJ.-0-?R$?-=-2gJ/-/?-<A$-$/?-GA-YR=-o/-.%-3A-:$=-8A%-.?-<2?-.%-:53-0,
!/-=-1/-8A%-;A.-gR/-.-<%-2:A-3A%-36S.-&A$-21A$-0<-L-2-/A-,R$-3:A-(-nJ/-.-$%-

%R-, ,.J:A-KA<-.-=/-#R-2R-&$-$A?-,A-1/-IA-z$-2?3-i3-0<-.$-0?-!/-/?-2a%?+J, o-2R.-.LA/-$?3-$?<-L%-o/-2!R=-3A%-36S.-&J?-0-.%-, .J:A-;/-=$-+-<A?:PJ=-=3-<A-3R-.%-2&?-0:A-3A%-36S.-:.A-$*A?-lR3-1A$-L?-0-;A/, $*A?-!:A-/%.-2!R.-0:A-3A%-i3?-/A-2eR.-L:A-(-/?-:5S-2:A-o/-2!R=-IAA-{R<-.%-.$R?-.2%-$A?}<-;R.-GA-,-~.-:$:-8A$-G%-28$-;R.-0-=?-$8/-.$-/A-.%R?-0R-$?<-2-i3?-GA-3A%-!J, .J%-?%-<%-&$-$A?-<%-{.-GA?-2eR.-3A->J?-0<-3A-<A$?-$8/-8A$-$A-{.-=2gJ/-0<-L-.$R?-L%-:.$-0-.J-.$-;A/-=, eR.-LJ.-GA-(-/?-2R.-(R=-#-$?3-0R3,:-.$-$A?-3A->J?-0-3J.-0:A-,A-{.-.-L?-;R.-0?-2R.-3A-;R%?-mR$?-=-.R/-.%R?-GA,R$-/?-3#R-$=-(J-2-8A$-;A/-0<-?J3?-?R, ,

.J?-/-3A%-36S.-:.A<-2!R.-0:A-,-~.-i3?-=?-2eR.-2.J-8A%-.R/-=-$8R=-2:A-(J?--=J$?-0:A-,-~.-$8/-0-;R.-/-3-$+R$?, $8/-.-/-,-~.-:.A-i3?-#-8J-$*A?-!=-=J$?-0<-L%-2<-LJ.-0-.%-.J-*A.-o/-$+3-.%-lR3-;A$-?R$?-GA-/%-.-;R%?-?--2!R=-,R.-LJ.-0-/A->A/-+-$=-(J-2?-2R.-3A-,3?-&.-GA-,$?-=-;R%?-?-:)$?-0<8-8,

o-2R.-.LA/-$?3-$?<-L%-o/-2!R=-3A%-36S.-lR3-1A$-5S-(%-$A?-2R.-<2-$/?-3J-1$-=R:A?-$-^-2:A-5K?-2&R-s-=-OA%-+:-PR%-HJ<-/?-VA?-?R, ,

.!<-
$/3-<A$-?-#3?-{R<,

/?-#%?-{R<,
#R<-;$-Y%-*R2-{R<,

YR$-($?-{R<,

*J.-5=-+-l=-{R<,

3J-+R$-{R<,

w3-5=-{R<,

?A=-+R$-{R<,

:V-<A$?-{R<,

2+%-2:A-{R<,

?A=-9?-{R<,

VR-m?-{R<,

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

IR/-(?-{R<,

o/-(?-{R<,

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

29R-20/-{R<,

29R-20/-o-(:A-{R<,

astronmy

energysources

environmental protection

animal

pleasure garden

19

flower

22

vegetables

24

fruit

28

grain

31

beverages

32

snacks

34

seasonings

36

menu

37

clothing

45

ornaments

51

city

52

architecture

59

building materials

64

=$-(:A-{R<,
tools

HA3-(?-{R<,
house furniture

,2-(?-{R<,
kitchen utensils
HA3-\R$-{R<,
domestic appliances
*J<-,.-{R<,
commodities

(/-#%-{R<,
hospital

aR2-9:A-{R<,
school

lJ.-(?-{R<,
toys

;A$-(?-{R<,
stationery

<R=-(?-{R<,
musical instrument

=?-l=-{R<,
sports
lA?-:U=-{R<,
computer

:UA/-$+R%-{R<,
communications
2f/-=J/-{R<,
photography

:U=-(?-{R<,
machinery
2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<, road transport
o/-2!R=-2h-g$?-{R<, symbols

67
69
74
76
81
90
93
97
101
103
105
112
115
121
126
137
144

:#R<-{<, Y%-{<, 29R?-{<,

<J$-2h-:#R<-{<,

3#:-.LA%?-o%->J=,

radar satellite

space telescope

satellite

L%-$J,

L%-$J:A-3-H.,

:UJ.-,A$

ASTR O NO M Y

$/3-<A$-?-#3?-{R<,

north pole

Arctic Circle

latitude

L%-$A-wR$-,A$

?:A-$R-=:A-KJ.-L%-3,
$R-=:A-KJ.-L%-,

tropic of Cancer

northern hemisphere

:UJ.-,A$-.2?-3,
.3<-=3,
equator

zR:A-wR$-,A$

?:A-$R-=:A-KJ.-zR-3,
$R-=:A-KJ.-zR,

tropic of Capricorn

southern hemisphere

$8%-,A$

longitude

zR-$J:A-3-H.,

zR-$J,

Antarctic Circle

southpole

internal structrue of Mars

surface of the moon

3A$-.3<-IA-/%-$A-P2-5=,

^-2:A-%R?,

3A$-.3<-IA-%R?,

surface of Mars
1

ASTRONOMY

$/3-<A$-?-#3?-{R<,

sun

moon

*A-3,

z$-0,

Mercury

%J/-0,

Saturn

*A-3:A-HA3-o.,
solar system

^-2,

1<-2,

Jupiter

{<-3-$/3-o=,
Uranus

?:A-$R-=,
earth

3A$-.3<,
Mars

0-?%?,
Venus

{<-3-35S-o=,
Neptune

.-2-3)$-<A%-,
comet

*A-3-$.2-:6B/,

*A-3-ZA=-:6B/,

annual solar eclipse

total solar eclipse

5K?-<, 5K?-^,

^-2-ZA=-:6B/,

crescent moon

total lunar eclipse

{<-8R$?,

meteor shower

8/-1$

$/3-<A$-#%-,

earthquake

partial solar eclipse

?-:$=,

*A-3-(-:6B/,

AST R O N OMY

$/3-<A$-?-#3?-{R<,

karst cave

planetarium

:$=-vJ,

epicenter

?->/,

earth's crustl

:$=-#%?,

seismic focus

:$=-_2?,

seismic wave

L<-V$

coral reef
3

AST RO NOMY

$/3-<A$-?-#3?-{R<,

KA-~A%-,

outer core

?->/,

earth's crust

/%-~A%-,

inner core

?-<A3-!J%-3,

_%-(J/-2%-<A3,
atmosphere

upper mantle

3J-<A,

volcano

?-<A3-:R$-3,

lower mantle

!R%-(A,

kilometer

600

KA-<A3,

(-5/,

hot spring; sulphur spring

exosphere

500

5-<A3,

thermosphere

2<-<A3,

mesosphere

80
45
10

j2-(,

waterfall

~R3?-o$-<A3,
stratosphere

:,2-o$-<A3,
troposphere

{?-8A%-, ,J3-8A%-,
terraced field

/?-#%?-{R<,

ENERGYSOURCES

_%-:#R<,

windmill

\R$-:.R/-:U=,

$3-:,J/-:U=,

electric generator

oil pump

\R$->J.-2g/-(?,

voltage stabilizer

*A%-h=-\R$-5$?,

nuclear power station

$3-.%-29R-9,
oil refinery

(-\R$-?-5$?,

hydro-electric power station

5

ENERGYSOURCES

/?-#%?-{R<,

*A-/?-\R$-$./,

*A-:R.-:UR-:IJ.,

solar radiation

*A-/?-\R$-m?,

solar cell panel

solar cell

3,.-$J:A-|3,

terminal box

fuse

*J/-{.,

3R-\R$-{.-$J, wR$-$J,

negative contact

1R-\R$-{.-$J, S%-$J,
positive contact

*A-/?-\R$-$R.-3-=$ *A-\R$

$J-$*A?-&-$,

$>:-t$?-4J=-/R/,

wR$-:UR-:$R$-*A,

metallic contact grid

antireflection coating

3R-\R$-{.-$J, wR$-$J,

S%-#=,

negative contact

positive region
/

positive/negative junction

*A-\R$-=3-1R/,

solar-powered street lamp

6

battery

diode

SOLAR CELL SYSTEM

S%-wR$-:VJ=-353?,

\R$-$R.,

1R-\R$-{.-$J, S%-$J,

SOLAR CELL

negative region

*A-/?-\R$-m?,

wR$-#=,

positive contact

solar furnace

solar-powered water heater

*A-:R.-,2-! *A-,2,

*A-\R$-(-YR-(?,

29R-=?-:2$?-2a.,

*<-(<,

industrial pollution

8A%-=?-:2$?-2a.,

agricultural pollution

meat

9?-<A$?-=-?-!J%-/?-,J2?-0:A-:2$?-2a.,

}R-5=,

vegetables

:R-m?-<A$?,

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

acid rain

>-<A$?,

#R<-;$-Y%-*R2-{R<,

dairy products

POLLUTION OF FOOD ON EARTH

m?-=.,

fertilizer

8A%-(/,

pesticide

metal waste

.L%-$*A?-:I<-m?,
dioxide

?-:R$-(-o/,

underground flow

8A%-=?-:2$?-2a.,

agricultural pollution

29R-=?-:2$?-2a.,
industrial pollution

*<-(<,

acid rain

>-9/-YR$-($?,
carnivore

9?-<A$?-=-(-/%-/?-,J2?-0:A-:2$?-2a.,

C-9/-YR$-($?,
herbivore

POLLUTION OF FOOD IN WATER

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

#R<-;$-Y%-*R2-{R<,

LJ-h=-S$-_%-,
dust storm

LJ-:$R$-/$?,

trees planted to block sand

_%-:$R$-LJ-:6B/-/$?-@,

tree web to block wind and contain sand

8

(->R<-?-*A=,

soil erosion from water

?-%R?-LJ-:I<,

desertification

<%-L%-Y%-*R2-#=,
wildlife reserve

YR$-($?-{R<,

ANIMAL

#-L$

cuckoo

&R-!

:)R=-3R,

lark

wood thrush

t%-LJ:-3,J-2R%-,
trochilus

1$-<R/,

1-.A$

pigeon

turtledove

#%-LJ:,

LJ:-?J<, ,<-2eR.-3,

sparrow

yellowbird

(-*<, 35S-*<,
seagull

L-HJ:,

penguin

$?J<-3R,

golden pheasant
9

ANIMAL

YR$-($?-{R<,

9J<-3R,

*-!

grouse

magpie

YJ$-(%-,

partridge

:$-0,

\$-{J-?J<,

owl

golden vulture

*<-3R,
gull

10

$R%-3R,

wing-necked pheasant

YR$-($?-{R<,

A N IM A L

L-$$
duck

o-35S:A-#$-g,
salangane

?R-L,
cormorant

%%-.!<,
swan

0->.,
hoopoe bird

H-.$:,
pelican

%%-2,
goose
11

ANIMAL

YR$-($?-{R<,

/$?-LA, 2J-HA,

3,

squirrel

orangutang;orangutan

$4S.,

Tibetan antelope

$*/,

argali

3-@J,

water buffalo

:VR%-,

wild yak

zebra

takin

n%-O,
12

<-o,

YR$-($?-{R<,

ANIMAL

>-2-?J<-(J/, I-?J<,
red deer

lJ2-$*$ I-o,
yakin

OA-~/-?-=J,
goral

L-3-LA,

#-I

flying squirrel

roe deer

>-2,

deer; stag

\-2,

musk deer

>-2-/R$-w/,
moose

13

ANIMAL

YR$-($?-{R<,

1$-cR.,

wild boar

$?J<-3J=,

golden monkey

>-2-{J-<A%-,
giraffe

3J:,

monkey

#$-LA,

kangaroo

:KA-2,

\%-(J/,

marmot

elephant

rhinoceros

hippopotamus; hippo; river horse

2?J-<,

14

(-g,

YR$-($?-{R<,

ANIMAL

.R3-O,

giant panda

.R3-/$

black bear

?J%-$J
lion

c%-,

hedgehog; hedgepig

:1<-2,
jackal

7,

fox
15

ANIMAL

YR$-($?-{R<,

L%-$J:A-.R3-.!<,

$?:-$9A$

polar bear

snow leopard

AR$-.!<,

mink; ermine

$9A$

leopard; panther

>-$9A$

cheetah

!$

tiger
16

SJ.-3R%-,

brown bear

YR$-($?-{R<,

ANIMAL

35S-$9A$
seal

35S-HA,

fur seal

35S-1$

dolphin

/-$A

pangolin; scaly anteater

<?-&=,
turtle

35S-\%-,

morse; walrus

(-YA/,

whale

35S-:2-{<-3, 35S-{<,
starfish

35S-$.$?, 35S-:2-I-3R,
sea nettles;jellyfish

3(A$

soft-shelled turtle

.%-,

conch; whelk

$+3-*, *-hR-9/,
shark

17

ANIMAL

YR$-($?-{R<,

3J-tJ2,

\%-2%-,

butterfly;moth

2?J-4%-,

cockroach

hornet; wasp

g-],

4=-(J/,

Boa constrictor

centipede

(-YA/-=$-2o.,
octopus

lA$?-kA$?,
gecko

3.R$-:I<-l%?-0,
anole lizard

18

uA-2,

flea

#A$-YA/,
crab

$$-*,

cuttlefish

l%?-0,

lizard; cabrite lizard

*J.-5=-+-l=-{R<,

paling fence

:OA=-*J?-lA->A%-,

pergola

climbing plant

.J%-aJ,

hanging basket

ornamental tree

PLEASURE GARDEN

,/-$9A$?-uR/-0,
v.-3R:C-uR/-0,

l%-<,

:OA=-h%-,

3J-+R$-5S3, 3J-5S3,

>A%-U/,

bunch of flowers

bush

%%-$

mA%-2,

lawn

pond

3J-+R$-!J$?-2,

3R-:(3-*J.-5=,

flower bed

=3-U/,
path

>A%-9R,
pail

GARDEN

$8-.LA2?-:OA=-HA3,
arch

19

PLEASURE GARDEN

*J.-5=-+-l=-{R<,

uR/-(/,

=$-5K2,

garden shears

hand fork

$J=-(/,

pruning shears

$J=-9R<,

tree pruner

:.3-#J3,

trowel

&<->=,

small hand cultivator

C-:VJ$-:U=,

;<-#$

lawn mower

weeder

?R/-(?,
seeder

spade

grafting knife

282-#J 3,
20

#J2-PA,

t$?-#J3,
shovel

*J.-5=-+-l=-{R<,

water sprinkler

($-($-:.J2?-(?,

revolving sprinkler

_%?-&.,
sprayer

PLEASURE GARDEN

:,R<-23,

,A-\A%-,
park

29:->A%-<-2,
orchard

:HR$-93,

winding bridge

2!R.-3:A-35K:,

man-made lake
21

FLOWER

3J-+R$-{R<,

>%-SA=,

primrose

water lily

Chinese flowering apple

seasonal rose

3%<-:V?-3J-+R$

>A%-0.-3,
peony

=A->A:A-3J-+R$
lilac

22

(-0.-3,

o-?=,

3J-+R$-V$-%R?,
camellia

!$-3:A-3J-+R$
azalea

iris

morning-glory

KJ-=J2-3J-+R$

,$-:H.-3J-+R$

Hydrangea

sunflower

S%-YR%-3J-+R$

t3-0-*A-.$:,

3J-+R$-{R<,

FLOWER

$<-!3,

safflower

chrysanthemum

rose

2-3:A-3J-+R$ 3-=A-!
jasmine

#3-2:A-3J-+R$

peach blossom

3J-+R$-=$-3A$

3%<-SA=,

3-3J/-3J-+R$

calla lily

rosebush

ladies' ear drops; fuchsia

hR-0.-3,

coral flower

ball cactus

L-<-3J-+R$

o-?J,

6-1R$

violet

?J-2,

=$-3*J:A-3J-+R$
lily

23

VEGETABLES

w3-5=-{R<,

5=-.!<-(%-%-,

small Chinese cabbage

cole

spinach

$3-5=,

5=-$$

A->R 3, 3-kR ?-=R -+R $

hR-!2,

corn

cucumber

:.3-M$

asparagus

!J:,

chive

0.-l,

lotus root
24

4S%-, !/-.R%-,
scallion

=2-?J<,
carrot

=J2-I

oyster mushroom

/$-l,

bamboo shoot

&$-5=,

water spinach

tomato

celery

w3-|R%-,

Chinese cabbage

cabbage

5=-.!<-(J-2,

3J-5=-.!<-0 R, (<-5=,
cauliflower

2R.-Y/, Y/-<A=,
pea

t-5=,

0.-=R$

3J-5=-u%-#,

\%-d,

8R$-#R$
potato

:-?, 2?R.-/3?-.0=-:6S3?,
coriander

VEGETABLES

w3-5=-{R<,

broccoli

asparagus lettuce

=-1$

radish
25

VEGETABLES

w3-5=-{R<,

|R$-?R,

garlic clove

Y/-u%-M-$,

mung bean sprout

Y/-.3<,
red bean

2&:-r,
ginger

26

4S%-<A=,
onion

Y/-M$

bean sprout

3R$-.!<,

white fungus

8R$-cR., <A-;%-,
yam

|R$-=R$
garlic

3R/-Y/-.!<-=J2, Y/-=J2,
green pea

|R$-M$

garlic shoot

8R$-3%<,

sweet potato

zR-!2,

pumpkin

!2-.!<,

VEGETABLES

w3-5=-{R<,

white gourd

hR-=-3,

eggplant

?<-}R/,

.3<-5, ?<-0/,
red pepper

green papper

|R$-,<,

garlic scape

!-2-#-3R, #-!2,
bitter gourd

0.-:V,

lotus seed

/$?-i, 3R$-<R,
black fungus

;%-3,

turnip

>-(/-:#R<-=R, $R-~R.-9<-2o.,
star anise; aniseed

27

FRUIT

?A=-+R$-{R<,

5-=-3,

tangerine

=A, (%-2-=A,
pear

!2-3%<,

musk melon

?J-:V,

pomegranate

?J-;2,

papaya

2A3-0, !->,
apple

o-?A =,

orange

#3-2,
peach

%%-=$ *J-!R%-,
banana

!->, =J-3R/,
lemon

(-!-2, (-!2,
watermelon

28

!-0J.,

gourd

?A=-+R$-{R<,

FRUIS

c/-:V3,

:1%-:V?,

:V$-3A$

grape

Chinese wolfberry

longan

?J:,

cherry

*<-lA-(J/-0R,

:VA-?J:, ?-?J:, &=-[.,

strawberry

pomelo

:V$-5$?,

5-=3-*<-3R,

lychee

sour orange

,%-:V?,

pineapple

0-<-3A-+,

jackfruit

kiwi fruit

coconut

3J=-#3,

2J-+,

29

FRUIT

?A=-+R$-{R<,

(-:V3,
chufa

o-A<,

green olive

8-3#/,

*<-:S,

waxberry

loquat

@-3A-!-2,

cantaloup

A-:V3,

chestnut

?A=-{3,

?A=->

pulp; flesh

dried fruit

*-<, *-<-.3/-0,
hawthorn

30

:V-$R-.3<-0R, o->$
jujube

2<->A%-,

sugarcane

?A=-+R$ >A%-+R$
fruit

:V-<A$?-{R<,

fragrant rice

sesame

highland barley

+A=,

/?,

Y/-u%-,

mung bean

buckwheat

oat

polished round-grained rice

wheat

millet

glutinous rice

Y/-?J<,

soy bean

;$-0R,

OJ, OJ-(%-,

:V?-.!<,

(%-:V?,

FOODSTUFFS

:V?-3%<,

V-2R,

PR

2-.3, ?-!<-!
peanut

31

BEVERAGES

2+%-2:A-{R<,

w3-|R%-#-2,

5-=3-#-2,

tomato juice

orange juice

2?A=-y,
Sprite

3J -+R $-),

scented tea

2+%-2, {R3, *J3?, #R=-#R=-#-/$

beverage

coca cola

)-2$ )-1$
brick tea

:V-),

)-<A=,

/$-=R-u%-,

bamboo tea leaves

pearl green tea

compressed tea leaves

)-.3<, 0-+A,
black tea

32

)-u%-,

green tea

#R-nJ, 5B$-),
coffee

2+%-2:A-{R<,

BEVERAGES

$+J<-(,

mineral water

\%-.3<,

Red Bull; vitamin drink

_%?-(,
soda

y-?A2-#-/$
Pepsi

o-?A=-3%-#,

orange juice

y-(%-, &A-<$
beer

>3-1J/-(%-,

?A=-#,

champagne

fruit juice

five-grain spirit; Wuliangye

wine

:V-s:A-*A%-#,

c/-(%-,

c/-.3<-(%-,
red wine

(%-cR., A-<$

liquor; hard alcohol

33

SNACKS

?A =-9?-{R <,

rice candy

crispy egg bar

sunflower seeds

4%-;R?, :V?-4%-,

milk candy

:H$?-8R,

ice cream
34

U3-4%-,

soft candy

fruit candy

:R -4%-,

~A-4%-,

?A=-+R$-LJ-<A=, ?A=-4%-,

*AA-:V,

lJ.-,%-$R<-4K,

2J-4%-,

coconut candy

!2-:V,

melon seeds

crunchy candy

#-$4%-,%-(,

chewing gum

,<-4%-,

lollipop

gelatin

chocolate

?A=-#/,

tR$-=J,

pudding

@J 3-2$

hamburger

SNACKS

1A-,.,

?A =-9?-{R <,

3IR$?-,$

instant noodle

*J?-{<-3A-$R<,

>J=-!-<,

rock sugar

^-$R<,

moon cake

birthday cake

21A3?-$R<, PR-$&?,
pretzel; fried dough twist

?A=-:.$
jam

:V?-2-3J-+R$ :V?-3J,
fig

.3-9?,

canned food

4%-lA,

honey

(<-2, (<-$R<,
cheese

35

SEASONINGS

VR-m?-{R<,

Y/-(<,

?<-$3,

fermented tofu

+A=-:.$

3%<-:.$

chili oil sweet fermented flour sauce

sesame paste

saccharin

chili powder

3%<-2&.,

.3<-KJ, ?<-KJ,

+A=-3<, +A=-$3,
sesame oil

3PJ-2&., VR-lA,

monosodium glutamate
MSG

VR-*<,

vinegar

36

Y/-$3,

soy sauce

colza oil

salad oil

:V-3<,

9/-$3,

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

MENU

KJ-1<-$R<-=J2,

scallion pancake

>-:.$-eJ/-,$ :.$-,$

noodles with minced pork

MENU

SA=-$R<,

steamed twisted roll

lA%-:V-=R$-!R%-, =R$-!R%-,
steamed corn cake

*<-<3-1R-=R$

sour cabbage bun

37

MENU

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

Y/-,.-a%-.<,

tofu pot-sticker

$3-t$ PR-$><-$3-24S?,
deep-fried twisted dough

2YJ$?-9?,
B-B-Q

>-2YJ$?,

grilled meat; B-B-Q(barbecue)

38

#J<-,$

mixed noodles

?=-3R$

steamed dumpling

2-.3->-Z$

spicy pork

2J-<J$ >-2$-=J2,
mince pie

sliced meat

preserved pork

>-zJ2,

P%-,$ :H$-,$
cold noodles

..->

Y/-.!$

cold vermicelli

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

MENU

spare ribs

24S?->-2dR?-3,

boiled stir-fried pork

KJ-=3?->

steamed pork

5-2J<-Y/-,.,
spicy tofu

a%-28<->-zJ2,
sizzling pork

w3-|R%-|R%-,%-,

tomato egg drop soup

>-n%-:)3-$.?,

clear pork broth

(-24S?->-zJ2,
boiled pork

D-.%?->

pork stew

?<-0/->-t$

shredded pork
with green pepper

egg fried rice

hot pot

|R%-2dR?-:V?-(/, |R%-:V?,

o-#R$

39

MENU

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

$R<-Y2, 2YJ$?-=J2,
crepe

2$-,$-8A3-i,

fried dough drop

D->

salted pork

:V?-/$-*R-,$

purple rice porridge

diced pork

5-2J<-?3-t$

:V?-(/,
rice

=-1$->-24S?,

=R-*<-*-,%-,

spicy meat with vegetables

beef stew with turnip

=J2-I->-zJ2,

sour fish soup

1R<-9?,

lunch box; packed lunch

40

>-Z$ >-+A$

3IR$?-9?,

lunch special; fast food

pork with mushrooms

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

MENU

*R-3, ,$-0, ($-4K,

rice porridge

_%?-3R$

steamed dumpling

zR-!2-KJ-=3?,

Y/-:.$-*-5S.,

steamed pumpkin with meat fish with broad bean sauce

>-t$-{3-2dR?,

stir-fried pork

Y/-<A%-{3-2dR?,

stir-fried cow peas

steamed spare ribs

dough drop soup

lA2-2!<-KJ-=3?,

0-.$

:#J%?->,

pork jelly

$.?-5S.,

vegetable stew

9R $->-.3<-24S ?,
beef stew

t-5=->-t$

pork with celery

41

MENU

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

2R %-i,

wonton; dumpling

$3-t$-2YJ$?-=J2,

crepe with fried dough

$R<-Y2,
crepe

|R$-,<->-t$
garlic pork

42

?R-$?3-,%-,

mixed vegetable soup

:V?-{.-,$-0,

rice noodle soup

Y/-,.-{3-0R,
dried tofu

3J-N3, 2_-N3,
ham

(-1R-=R$ (-3R$

boiled dumpling

lA2-2YJ$?,

deep-fried ribs

$R-<J, #<-2, 2$-=J2,

Chinese pancake

D-2dR?->

fried salted pork

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

MENU

1$->-D-=3?,

steamed, breaded fatty pork

2o.-(/,

sweet rice

>-3R$ >-1R-=R$
meat bun

:V?-\3,

fermented rice

U3-2YJ$?,

deep-fried crisp

2o.-,$

sweet porridge

?<-0/-A->R3,

corn with green pepper

:,J/-,$

hand-made noodle soup

$><-,$
noodles

2YJ$?-#<,

sesame cake

sliced fatty beef

jellied tofu

5S->-28R$?-3,

Y/-8R,

43

M EN U

$;R?-5S.-{R<,

Y/-3R$

sweet bean paste bun

$R<-?R2-2YJ$?-3, 2YJ$?-?R2,
pastry

$;R?-{3, o-{3,
sausage

3A-$R<-SA=-3,
cake roll

44

eJ/-,R,

steamed bun

=R-(/,

rice dumpling

=$-#R$?,

deep-fried noodles

>-52, >-:S,

vegetarian meat

Y/-,.,
tofu

?R2-$R<,
bread

D-|R%-,

salted egg

2!=-,$

refined noodles

IR/-(?-{R<,

CLOTHING

$R%-.NA?,

KJ-=J2-$R%-3.., $R%-3..,
bow tie

tie

{J-.NA?,
scarf

U$-#J2?,

gun flap

U$-o/,
shoulder strap

1R-$,

button

1R$-#%-,

1-(2,

buttonhole

sleeve strap

\R-#$

{-<$?,

side pocket

belt

(2-=R%-,

(2-3$R

buckle

belt loop

H-<A %-, $R ?-<A %-,

OVERCOAT

45

CLOTHING

IR/-(?-{R<,

outdoor jacket

jacket

mJ 3-!R .,

/2-(?,

l=-$R?,

sportswear

U$-$.%-, U$-(,

$R%-2,

yoke

collar

$R%-$J,

collar point

V%-#$

breast pocket

1R$-$./,

1<-#,
cuff

button facing

/%-H,

SHIRT

#=-!R.,

fleece pullover
46

V%-#J2?,

bra; brassiere

0$?-!R., !R-!R.,
leather jacket

IR/-(?-{R<,

CLOTHING

L-%:A-!R.-<A%-,

_%-H, _%-$R?,

down coat

windbreaker

H->3, $R?->3,
dress

*=-H,
robe

2=-H,

sweater

U$-,$

L-%:A-!R.-:$$
down vest

{.-H,

knitwear

strap

*A->3,

sundress

(.->3, (.-$;R$?,
skirt

2<-5%?-.R<-3,

cotton-lined pants
47

CLOTHING

IR/-(?-{R<,

1->2?,

oversleeve

d=-=J/,

LA?-0:A-3=-#$

children's sleeping bag

tank top

!R-{$?,

=$->2?,

leather belt

glove

.0%-2&., 1-3J.,
vest; waistcoat

.R<-,%-,

shorts

48

.R<-(2,
belt

!R-.R<,

leather pants

$?-E,
hat

CLOTHING

IR/-(?-{R<,

o/-E,

{.-E,

,3-E,

cap

knitted cap

Balaclava

C-E,

(-!/, $&A/-!/,

:K%?-,$

straw hat

diaper; nappy

tassel

$?%-.R<,

panties; underwear

2=-.R<,

wool long johns

2=-:2R2,

.R<-:$$

briefs; underwear

b%->2?, :2R2,

:2R2-.R<,

panty hose; stockings

wool sock

socks

:2R2-<A%-,

thigh-high stocking

:2R2-,%-,
sock

49

CLOTHING

IR/-(?-{R<,

2?A=-z3,
sandals

:S.-z3,

:IA$-z3,

2<-5%?-z3,

slippers

rubber shoes

cotton shoes

lining

collar

/%->

z3-tJ,

z3-{J,

<?-z3,

5K3-{.,

tongue

cloth shoes

stitch

z3-1R$

shoelace

9<-:P3,

side of the shoe

z3-1R$-#%-,
eyelet

KA-:P3,

back of the shoe

KA-3,A=,

outsole

2<-3,A=,

P$-z3,

SNEAKERS

KA-gA%-,
heel

middle sole

(-z3,

rain boots
50

!R-z3,

leather shoes

;=-{R<-z3, {R<-z3,
walking shoes

!R-z3-;-<A%-,

knee high boots

o/-(?-{R<,

i-=R%-,

earrings

ORNAMENTS

?R<-$.2, 362-.NA?,
ring

i-o/,

drop earrings

1-=3-?R<-$.2,
diamond ring

3$R-o/,

{J-o/,
necklace

jewelry

=$-$.2,
bracelet

0-,<,

hair stick

0-:6B/, 0-$/R/,
hair band

0-#R3,

hairpin; barrette
51

CITY

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

PR%-HJ<-.0J-.LA2?,
city model

$8A?-V%-, 3R-#%-,

*J-#3?-#R.-#=,
eco housing

villa

\R$-h=-3A$ \R$-3A$

,R$-Y%-t$?-3.:,

surveillance camera

lightning rod

:(<-;R=,

\R$-{?,

lift; elevator

screen

,A-$8A?-#%-2lJ$?,

apartment building

.R%-#%-,

52

cave house

#J<-,R$ ,R$-$&A$-3,
ranch

C-#%-,

thatched cottage

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

CITY

2f/-:UA/-=?-#%?,
TV station

8A%-=?-.%=-#%-,

agricutural bank

3*3-4J=-5S%-#%-,

\R$-2f/-#%-,

cinema; movie theater

29R-5S%-.%=-#%-,

industrial and commercial bank

5S%-3#<,

chain store

shopping center

$-3%-5S%-#%-,

5S%-<,

shopping mall

department store

<R=-lJ.-\A%-,

amusement park

:6$?-0/-.%=-#%-,
construction bank

|R-lA?-5S%-<,

supermarket

5S%-#%-,

shop; store
53

CITY

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

3*3-3R -#%-,
nightclub

3PR /-#%-,

hotel; guesthouse

5.-w/->$

standard room

4$-YA .-#%-,

post office

3PR/-3#<,
hotel

82?-:.J$?-!J$?-2,
front desk

()

bar

counter

2&.-!J $?,
54

1R3-!J$?,

$8%-=?-#%-, ;A$-:VA-#%-,
office

3PR/-V%-,
hotel

=?-$*J<-5S3?,

business center

2+%->$
lounge

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

CITY

.0J-5S%-#%-,
bookstore

!J$?-P$

billiards; pool

$R?-2N-#%,

laundry room

0-#%-,

hair salon

;A$-#%-,

reading room

9?-#%-(%-%-,
eatery

:PA$->R

mah-jong

0-28<-#%-,

barber shop

(%-#%-,
bar

<R=-lJ.-#%-,

recreation room

28A/-=?-#%-,
beauty spa

0-28A/-36K?-29R,

beauty treatment
55

CITY

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

PR%-5S,

village

PR%-#=,

urban area

9<-|R, \R-|R,

side entrance

lJ-<A3,

top floor

56

PR%-HJ<,
city

:.2?-#=, PR%-:.2?,

PR%-h=,
town

Y%-,

suburbs

alley

OR3,

=3-U/,

footpath

$8A?-#=,

small community

street

#%-2lJ $?-<A 3-0, 2lJ $?-<A 3,

floor

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

CITY

*A-H3?, <2-$?=,
outdoor balcony

*R<-!J$?,
terrace

|R-#%-, |R-H3?,
hall

$/3-o/,

ornamental ceiling

wall

?-3,A=,

?-:R$-#%-0,

$R?-2N-#%-,

flooring grade

2<-*, 2<-I%-,
partition

reservoir

rolling door

(-36S.,

wJ2?,

SA=-|R,

basement

laundry room

$&R.-|R,
sluice

57

CITY

PR%-HJ<-{R<,

8A %-5S %-OR 3-<,

5S.-:6B/-#%-,

control room

open produce market

5S%-1R3,

<%-=J/-.%=-!J$?,

sales counter

ATM (automatic teller machine)

aJ-:#R<,

shopping cart

3J-$?R.-(-|R,

fire hydrant

58

:):-5S/-\R$-1R/, :):-1R/,
neon light

*J/-:$R$-1R3,

safety deposit

3%$-$+R%-#%-,

%R -:2$
mask

police station

%R ?-r%-,

camphor balls; mothballs

~A$?-9R3,

garbage can;waste bin

29R-20/-{R<,

:#R<-=3,

street lamp

roadway

:PA3-:P=-2h-1R/,

sidewalk

traffic lights

3J-$?R.-(-|R,

fire hydrant

:UJ.-2c=-=3,

:6=-|R,

ARCHITECTURE

b%-=3,

=3-1R/,

pedestrian crossing

manhole

,A-:#R<-:22-5B$?,

(<-(-28<-&$

bus stop

rain pipe
storm drain

,A-:#R<-|$-#%-,
bus shelter

\R$-,$,

=3-:$R$

electricity cable

roadblock

?-:R$-(-=3,
sewer

#-0<-,$-{.,

2.-_%?-,A-&$

?-:R$-(:A-,A-&$
main sewer

telephone cable

OA.-(:A-,A-&$

water main; service main

gas main

Y%-=3-IA-.0J-.LA2?,

STREET MODEL
59

ARCHITECTURE

29R-20/-{R<,

(-:1.-\R$-:U=,

<%-LJ.-$+R%-:6B/,

on-off switch; shutoff switch

pump motor

wR$-:$R$

r%-:$R$

check valve

float clamp

(-$+R%-&$

(-$?R$-.R%-,

discharge pipe

cessipt

:KR-r%-,

float

hR-Z$

gravel

=.-:5$-mA%-,

:2$?-(-:1.-(?,

d2-(?,

pump suction head

CESSPIT PUMP

(-:2.-=3,

septic tank

main drain

:5$-&$,

perforated pipe

1A$-2!R.-|3,

distribution box

?A3-#=,

2g$-#%-,

leach field

inspection plug

~A$?-:2$?,

2<-(R.,

sludge

baffle

=.-:2$?,

surface scum
60

=.-:5$-mA%-,

SEPTIC TANK

28<-.%R?,
effluent

29R-20/-{R<,

(-5/-:#R<-=3,

(-:22-(2-$8R%-,

hot-water circuit

(-:H$-:#R<-=3,

toilet

PLUMBING SYSTEM

cold-water circuit

(-:22-%R-$8R%-,

.2$?-2eJ:A-:#R<-=3,

sink

ventilating circuit

ARCHITECTURE

&$-=3-3-=$

(-:1.-:#R<-=3,
drainage circuit

O?-$8R%-,

bathtub

(-:1.-&-$,

(-:1.-&$-=$

drainage pipe; drain

drainage branch

(-YR-(?,

$R?-:O.,

hot-water heater

washer

(-O,

water meter

(-|3-#-=J2,

:2R-:$R$-(-:1.-&-$,
overflow pipe

(-:1.-=3,

main drain

:KR-r%-,
float

cistern lid; tank lid

(-$8R%-#-=J2,

(-$?R$-$/?,

seat cover

trap

(2-$8R%-#-$./,

#-l2,

seat

wax seal

24S$-(-:1.-&$
waste pipe

(-:22-(2-$8R%-,

(2-$8R%-,
toilet

TOILET

61

ARCHITECTURE

29R-20/-{R<,
O?->$

:.J.-|R, >.-|R,

overflow

5$?-#%-, O?-3(,
shower head

&$-3(, (-!-=:A-3(,
faucet

36K?-:(R?-3J-=R%-,
mirror

sliding door

:2R-#%-,

shower

flexible hose

3*J/-&$

O?-$8R%-,

$4%->R$
tissue

%R-$8R%-,

bath platform

towel

O?-#%-,

BATHROOM
62

O?-<?,

washbasin

bathtub

O?-$8R%-:22-!J$?,

:.$-(=-$8R%-%-,
soap dish

29R-20/-{R<,

|J:-!J$?,

.!<-#%-, |J:-#%-,

:.J.-.!<,

window sill folding window

window

sliding window

vJ 2?-.!<,

ARCHITECTURE

vJ 2?-1R $

|R-F,

hinge

lock

vJ 2?-|R ,

|R-,J3,

folding door

threshold

2<-:$R$-o-(,

%R ?-0%-,

sheathing

|R-=%-, |R-9%?,

:.2?->A %-,

:.J.-|R, >.-|R,
sliding door

doorknob

skirting board

insulating material

:.2?-$/R /,

moulding; molding

0%-$&=, 3,A=->A%-,
floor

?R-I%-, IR-lA$?,
brick wall

(-:1.-IR-&$

drain tile pipe

lA$?-k%-, k%-,
foundation

lA$?-$./,
footing

|R-SA=,

doorbell

,J3-{?,
stairs

63

BUILDING MATERIALS

29R-20/-o-(:A-{R<,

,A/-.<->A%-=J2,

:2<-28R$?->A%-=J2,

chipboard; particle board

chipboard

blockboard

>A%-KJ->A%-=J2, 21A$?-.<->A%-=J2,

plywood

s-.<->A%-=J2,

iR-0%-S-2,

SR.-:$R$-0%-,

five-layer plywood expanded metal lath insulation board

.!<-0%-,
tile

/$-$./,

bamboo mat
64

m-0%-, 3,A=-m,
floor tile

#2-=J /, #.-t$?,
magnet

7-?R2-2<-:$R$-o-(,
insulation foam

hR-!-3-<,
marble

iR-=J2,

steel plate

?R-lA$?,

ferroconcrete

brick wall

(-:$R$-<A3-0,

water resistant shield

?-:R$-$.%-3,

(<-#J2?,

rain shelter

BUILDING MATERIALS

29R-20/-o-(:A-{R<,

(-:2.-#%-,

foundation

water outlet

$/3-0%-, $/3-$&=,

I%->3, lA$?-(R/,
wainscot

SR.-:6B/-I%-,

ceiling

insulating wall

\R$-SA=,
bell

A%-F,

combination lock

&?-F,

built-in lock

iR-24:-3J.,

stainless steel
65

BUILDING MATERIALS

29R-20/-o-(:A-{R<,

iR-,$

magnetic head

fuse

#.-$J, #.-3$R

*J/-{.,

SR.-:$R$-o-(,
insulation

steel rope

tile

concrete block

m-$;3, IR,

:#R<-|,
pulley

!R%-1$

S-;R=-o$-=3,
curtain track

asphalt felt

rotary cut thin wood

$3-KA%-,

SA=->A%-,

2<-$&R.-o-(,

insulating material

.$-(<,
casein

?%?-8/, ?%?-m?,

iR->J=,

crystal; crystalloid; crystalline structure fiberglass reinforced plastic

66

sensor; transducer

glass cutter

.2$?-.<, .2$?-5,
gas welder

:2<-=J/,
plane

\R$-5:A-5-,<, 5-,<,

electric welding rod

>J=-PA,

5S<-(?,

TOOLS

=$-(:A-{R<,

SA =-O ,

\R$-$?R<,

measuring tape

electric drill

\R$-5-:U=,

electric welding machine

{3-0-3(-iR,

$&-:2A$?-O3-3(,

Phillips screwdriver

$&-:2A$?-?R-=J2,

flat-head screwdriver

needle-nose pliers

iR-?R$

hacksaw

=$-?R$

handsaw

,$-?R$

chainsaw
67

TOOLS

=$-(:A-{R<,

?J$-h<,

$&-:2A$?, $&-1A3,
screwdriver

file

,R-2-3$R-^3, ^3-,R,

,R-(J/,

mallet

ball-peen hammer

9<-3%-$&-{3,

ring spanner;
box-end wrench

t$?-:6K<,
nail

68

$?R<-:2A$?,
drill bit

,R-2-v$-=J2,

flat hammer

P-O,

trial square;
carpenter's square

,R-2-<-3$R <-,R,
claw hammer

$.%?-$&,

open-ended spanner;
open-end wrench

21A$-{3, {3-0-/J-4S,
adjustable spanner;
crescent wrench

{3-0-*-3$R *-{3,
slip joint pliers

$&-:6K<, :6K<-!/, $9J<-$./, 1R-$&?, $&-E, :6K<-E, 3R-$&?,

screw

washer

bolt

cap nut

nut

HA3-(?-{R<,

HOUSE FURNITURE

:VA-!J$?,

$R?-1R3,

armoire

desk

;A$-$.%-, .0J-OA,
bookshelf

/J3-OA:,
sofa

2f/-:U=-1R3,
TV cabinet; entertainment center

:2R=-!J$?,

\R$-2{R<-3*J.-OA:,
massage chair

footstool

69

HOUS E F UR NIT UR E

HA3-(?-{R<,

I%-1R3,

$R?-|3,
chest

wall cabinet

.0J-1R3,

bookcase

;A$-&R$
desk

b2-!J$?, :.$-!J$?,

stool

:.$-OA:,
chair

$*A?-:.$-/J3-OA:,
love seat

$;R-OA:,

rocking chair
70

recliner

folding chair

2~J-OA:,

vJ2-OA:,

}?->2?,

}?-#J2?,

pillow case

pillow cover

2~J-gJ/,

{J-~J?,

inner pillow

3$R-}?, }?-:2R$

o2-~J?,

back cushion

}?-5%?, }?-~A%-,

HOUSE FURNITURE

HA3-(?-{R<,

pillow

back rest

neck rest

<?-$./,
sheet

*=-#J2?,

bedspread

2=-K<, !3-0-=A,

blanket

3=-OA, *=-OA,
BED

0$?-<?, A-&R <,

towel

:H$?-}?,
ice pillow

iR-{.-@-OA, @-OA,

folding wire bed

71

HOUSE F URNITU R E

HA3-(?-{R<,

.!<-;R=, S-;R=,

4%-;R=,

}?-1R/,

curtain

mosquito net

bedside lamp

.J%?-1R/,

hanging lamp

$/3-1R/,

&R$-1R/,

I%-1R/,

wall light

ceiling light

table lamp

*A-:R.-\R$-1R/,

fluorescent light

_%?-1R/,

gas light

1R/-+R$ >J=-+R$
light bulb

72

1R/-&$

lighting tube

?-:)R$-\R$-1R/,
floor lamp

HA3-(?-{R<,

.L$-$J,

ring

finial

:UJ.-.L$

:6B/-=%-,

support bracket

wJ2?-:#J=-:6B/-=%-,
wall bracket

CURTAIN POLE

eyelet

pole

:$J=-3A$

S-;R=-:$J=-.L$

HOUSE FURNITURE

:$J=-=R%-,

PA=-:#R<,

$/3-:#J=-:6B/-=%-,

roller

ceiling bracket

3,:-:$R$

o$-=3-3,.-93,

end stop

bridge

:$J=-G,
hook

:)2-4K,
clip

o$-=3,

S-;R=-o$-=3,

CURTAIN TRACK

:$J=-=R%-,
ring

track

>.-:#R<,
glider

:,J/-,$

3,:-*R<,

operaitng cord

end bracket

$4S-;R=-:,J/-=%-,

.2?-*R<,

main glider

>.-:#R<,

support

vJ2-;R=-:,J/-=%-,

sliding overlap arm

:UJ.-,<,

TRAVERSE ROD

pulley

:1<-,<,

spring housing
73

K IT CHE N U T EN SIL S

,2-(?-{R <,

)-1R<,

teacup

5-.J3,

hot water dispenser

teapot

g-,2,

hot pot

m-#R$

clay pot

frying pan

.2$?-hA$ .2$?-2,
pressure cooker

74

)-:$,

a%-=J 2,

_%?-,2,

gas range

#J<-3,
plate

=3?-2, _%?-hA$
steamer

(%-,2,

alcohol stove

dR-a%-, 5S.-bR
wok

#-$9<, #$
spoon

9-PA, ?R-PA,
knife

5=-PAA,

cleaver

KITCHEN UTENSILS

,2-(?-{R <,

$9<-2$ 0A-0A,
funnel

>R$-1R<,

paper cup

_%?-5$?, 3R$-U,
bamboo steamer

5$?-*R$?,
strainer

3J-(,

lighter

#-=J2,

,<-$9J2,

chopstick basket

pot cover
75

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

HA3-\R$-{R<,

:H$-5.-1A$-(?,

:H$?-2&.,

thermostat control

#.-t$?-#-l2,

magnetic gasket

freezer compartment

:6B/-;,

handle

|R%-(,

egg tray

3<-(,

butter compartment

:R-m?-(,

dairy compartment

(-!J$?,

shelf

}R-w3-?R-$R.,

>-<A$?-?R-$R.,

>J=-:$J2?,

glass cover

:H$-|3,

guard rail

P%-2&.,

refrigerator compartment

REFRIGERATOR
76

:$R$-h%-,

salad crisper

meat keeper

circulation fan

_%-:#R<,
fan

wJ 2?-.$=-SR .-~R 3,

wall-mounted air conditioner

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

.2$?-eJ, _%-eJ,

HA3-\R$-{R<,

..-$3-d2-(?, ..-d2,

exhaust fan

H2-:IJ.-SR.-(?,

(-YR-(?,

water heater

radiator

SR.-_%?,

space heater

YJ$-|3,

toaster oven

.$-?J=-1R3,

disinfecting cabinet

:R.-_2?-,2-! :R.-,2,
lightwave oven

?-:)R$-SR.-~R3,

floor standing air conditioner

77

D OM ESTIC A P PL I A NCES

HA3-\R$-{R<,

U-_2?-,2-! _2?-,2,

electric stove

\R$-+J., \R$-,2,
electric range

microwave oven

\R$-,2,

\R$-2, \R$-hA$
rice cooker

\R$-vA<,

electric tea pot

1R<-:O.,

dishwasher

5-//R , .2<-+A,
iron

$R<-?R2-2YJ$-,2,
toaster

\R$-#.-,2-!

electromagnetic stove

:H$-1R3,
freezer

78

/?-3%-?R-:O.-.$-?J=-(?,

multifunctional tooth brush

{3-:O.,

dry cleaner

_/-?J=-(?,

dehumidifier

?A=-:5$

juice blender

(-{R=-(?,

drinking water dispenser

R 1R<, \R$-!R%-,
\$electric cup

electric mosquito repeller

3#:-.2$?-$4%-(?,
air purifier

=$-HJ<-.N$-(?,

portable blender

\R $-2YR ?-4%-%R ?,

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES

HA3-\R$-{R<,

\R$-O,

i-<R$?,

hearing aid

electric meter

:5K3-:U=,

sewing machine

2|<-#%-,
outlet

2|<-$./,
socket

79

DOMEST I C APPL I A N CES

HA3-\R$-{R<,

\R$-$?R$-(?,

<A3-2lJ$?-\R$-m?,
9-volt battery

=$-1R/,
flashlight

charger

\R$-m?-{3-0R,
battery

d2-K$?,

vacuum cleaner

\R$-2{R<-:1<-3*J.-b%-$8R%-,
electric foot massager

80

R S.-KA?,
\R$-2{<-:
electric mop

*J<-,.-{R<,

#-,<,

milk tank

$9<-1R<,

milk funnel

:R-3(,

$9<-$./,

milk spout

{R<-;,

COMMODITIES

:R-$R.,

on/off switch

funnel stand

3<-3(,

hand-crank

cream spout

:R-:U=,

MILK SEPARATOR

$;J%-$2,

float

,J2-#J2?,
lip

,J2-$./,

.N$-,J2,

<$-$9J<,

separation disks

copper nut

bearing

~R3-$&,

cream screw

.N$-!R%-:U=-$./,
base

l2-$R<,
O-ring

.N$-!R%-,

SEPARATION BAWL
81

COMMODITIES

*J<-,.-{R<,

\R$-h=-(-5S.,
digital watch

:U=-~A%-,

internal mechanism
(of a watch)

=$-$.$?-(-5S., =$-.?,
wrist watch

alarm clock

SR.-5.-2g$-(?,

&R%-.?,

lA$?-.$=-(-5S., .$=-.?, 2!=-&R%-,

wall clock

(J->J=,

magnifying glass

thermometer

.2$?->J.-2g$-(?,
barometer

*A->J=,

sunglasses
82

lA?-(?,

$;R-&R%-,

calculator

pendulum clock

3.R$-:I<-3A$->J=, :I<->J=,

>J=-KA?,

color-changing eyeglasses cleaning cloth for eye glasses

(<-$.$?,
umbrella

*A-$.$?,

sun parasol

2?A=-;2,

$8%-;A$-#$-3,

o2-#$

fan

.0J-#$

school bag

$9<-#$ 2!=-3,
satchel

briefcase

backpack

vJ2-$.$?,

folding umbrella

=$-#$

handbag

;=-{R<-#$-3,

travelling bag

wallet

purse

|R<-#$ .%=-#$

COMMODITIES

*J<-,.-{R<,

=$-#$

83

COMMODITIES

*J<-,.-{R<,

.!$-%R?,

solid perfume

3J-+R$-9A=-(, 3J-9A=,

mosquito-repelling fragrance

%R?-1R<,

4%-%R?,

perfume

mosquito-repelling incense

paper napkin

$.R%-KA?->R$-2, $.R%->R$
facial tissue

T-1R /,

incense burner

%R?-(,

9?-KA?->R$-2, 9?->R$

84

SA=->R$

candle

_/->R$

wet wipe

%R?-(=,

perfumed soap

toilet paper

=?-:O.-=$->2?,
bath glove

:1<-3*J:A-$3,
massage oil

=$-:O.-:.$-#,

0-:O.-wJ-$, 0-wJ,
shampoo

hand soap

$*J<-:$R$-L$-m?, $*J<-L$
anti-wrinkle cream

KJ-hJ2,

powder puff

%-=J/-wJ-$,

COMMODITIES

*J<-,.-{R<,

depilatory cream

KJ-wJ,

pressed powder

$;/-YA/-L$-m?, $;/-L$

3A$-L$

acne cream

eye cream

shampoo

facial serum

0-:O.-(,

2&.-#,

?J/-lA,

nail polish

0-:O.-9A=-(,
shampoo

85

COMMODITIES

*J<-,.-{R<,

lip gloss

lip color

3(-$3,

3(-lA,

lipstick

3(-5S/,

(A/-(/,

$.R%-*R,

facial mask

L$-m?,

eyebrow scissors

cosmetics

mA-52,

artifical eyelashes

3(-0A<,

lip liner
86

3A$-~$

35S-2=, :IA$-?R2,

eye liner; eye pencil

sponge

3A$-.<-*A-3R,
eye mask

mA-lA,

liquid mascara

(A/-~$

eyebrow pencil

*J<-,.-{R<,

bath gel

body wash

hair conditioner

suncream; sun block

=?-:O.-8R, O?-8R, =?-:O.-9A=-(, O?-9A=, 0:A-$?R-lA,

*A-L$

COMMODITIES

(<-28<,
razor

\R$-28<,

electric clippers

%R-:O.-8R, %R-8R,

curling iron

facial cleanser

electric shaver

hair dryer

\R$-{R<-(<-28<,

cosmetic case

cosmetic bag

L$-|3,

0-1A=-,<,

L$-#$

0-&.,

0-52, 0-m/,
wig

87

COMMODITIES

*J<-,.-{R<,

\R$-{R<-?R-KA?,

electric toothbrush

{J3-,=,

talcum powder

?R-KA?, ?R-:O.,
toothbrush

shoe polish

88

toothpaste

2=-,<,

cot ton swab; cot ton bud

?R-{.,

2&.-$3,

dental floss

essent ial oil

:.$-KJ,

3%<-$3,
glycerin

detergent

brush

back-scratcher

1$-9J,

?R-(/,

toothpick

z3-lA,

?R->A%-,

o2-:U$

$R?-oR%-, h%->A%-,
coat hanger

*J<-,.-{R<,

teacup

5-1R<, 5-!R%-,

thermos bottle; vacuum bottle

(-5/-:IA$-#$ SR.-#$

COMMODITIES

)-1R<, )-!R%-,

hot-water bag/bottle

C-aJ,

basket

$8R%-0,

grocery basket

basin

=$-L$

hand cream

5=-aJ,

.<-(/,

plaster; band aid

T-5B=,

beeswax

/?-3%-vJ2-PA

multi-functional knife

:,J/-1R$
zipper

PA-:,2, 5K3-PA, #J-PA,

scissors

89

HOSPITAL

(/-#%-$A -{R <,

{2?-2&R?-#%-,

clinic; out-patient department

/.-.J2, /.-,R,

medical record

#R .-2&R ?-#%-,

in-patient department

(/-#%-,

hospital

(/-82?-0:A-?-5$?,
nurses' station

90

2&R?-,R/-.0%-;A$

discharge certificate

/.-#%-,
ward

(/-#%-$A-{R<,

HOSPITAL

PJ->J=,

1R->J=,

i->J=,

otoscope

o?->J=,

fiberscope

laryngoscope

gastroscope

(B)

cystoscope

ultrasonic scanner

:.?-1:A-2g$-:U=,

r%->J=,

$??->J=,

coeliscope

h=-#.-z/-:$=-gR$-:U=,

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) machine

U-3,R%->J=, U->J=,
microscope

91

HOSPITAL

(/-#%-$A -{R <,

C-(-m?-2g$

stool and urine test

lA?-:U=-3A$-2g$

computer optometry

m?-2g$-#%-,
laboratory

24B<-wJ,

ointment

.%R ?-2&R ?-(-L.,

,A/-,3,

physical therapy kit

($->A %-,

capsule

splint

#2-:6B/-(?,

:6B/-{3,

needle-holding forceps

tweezers

29A-(/,

narcotic; anesthetic

syringe; needle

extraction forceps

(/-#2-(?, (/-#2,
92

?R-{3,

k-.NA?,

bandage

aR 2-9:A -{R <,

SCHOOL

aR2-OA.-,R$-#%-,

classroom building

aR2-.JR.-#%-,

teaching research room

,J3-2lJ$?-aR2-#%-,
tiered classroom

aR2-(J/,

university

.0J-[R$-#%-,

reading room

aR2-9:A-o-|R,

school gate

1-{.-aR2-#%-,

audio classroom
93

SCHOOL

aR2-9:A-{R<,

aR2-#%-,

classroom

lA?-:U=-#%-,

computer room

;A$-$.%-, .0J-OA,

college

audio-visual classroom

.%R?-2g$-#%-,

9?-#%-,

laboratory

cafeteria

.0J-36S.,

=?-l=-#%-,

o$?-gR$-0,

book storage room

aR2-$?J%-=?-l=,

examination hall

\R$-:I<-aR2-#%-,

aR2-\A%-,

bookshelf

o$?-<,

94

between-class exercise

gymnasium

exam monitor

aR 2-9:A -{R <,

SCHOOL

$?<->R$-$.%-2,
newspaper rack

3PR/->R$

invitation card

2a2?-:1%-.0%-;A$
degree certificate

.%-5/-KR$?-2#?,
workbook

.?-.J2-$.%-2,

21$?-0%-,

bulletin board

3A%->R$

name card

magazine rack

,R2-,%-.0%-:HJ<, ,R2-.0%-,
identify card,ID card

aR2-3:A-=$-HJ<,
student ID

2#-=J/-2h-,R, =J/-2h,

notification of acceptance

3,<-KA /-.0%-;A $
diploma

2&R=-1R3,
locker

95

SCHOOL

aR 2-9:A -{R <,

3=-OA -2lJ $?-3,

bunk bed

aR2-KA:A-LJ.-|R,

extracurricular activity

9?-:6B/,

meal pass

1R<-2N-$8R%-,

dishwashing sink

LA?-0:A-1R-V%-,

children's activity center

96

*=-#%-,

dormitory

9?-1R <,

lunch boxes

lJ.-(?-{R<,

TOYS

5S/-3J, 5S/-&$
fireworks

>R$-&$

{3->.-z3,

firecreacker

roller skating

:K%-h%-,
swings

>.-{?,
slide

>.-:#R<,
scooter

97

TOYS

lJ.-(?-{R<,

$R3-:#R<,

walker; bouncer

%R-2R-:IJ=-3J.,

21A$->A%-,

building blocks

roly-poly

<A?-21A$-lJ.-(?,

jigsaw puzzle

.L%?-3%-|3-4K,
musical toy

\R$-h=-lJ.-:U=,

video game player

~$-:PR?-$&A$-<A?,

one-stroke drawing

.LA2?-:I<-:U=-3A,
transformer robot

98

kR%?-V%-,

labyrinth; maze

Chinese chess

(western)chess

o-:PA$

1A-:PA$

>.-0%-,

=?-uA.-2g$-(?, =?-o,
scales

skateboard

checkers; go

>R$-L,
kite

3J-+R$->J=-&$

kaleidoscope

3A$-3%-,

TOYS

lJ.-(?-{R<,

,J2?-0.,

shuttlecock

#J<-uR%?,

miniature garden

<?-AR-=R,
doll

(-3.:,

lJ.-:U=,

video game

water gun
99

STATIONERY

lJ.-(?-{R<,

fliying chairs

:IA$-,$

skipping

.J%?-:#R<-:.$-OA,

>R$-vJ2,

folding paper

LA?-0-lJ.-mA%-,

children's pool

$&-:#R<-lJ.-(?,
wind-up toys

100

h%-:#R<,

bumper cars

LA?-0:A-,A-\A%-,

children's playground

~-$-lJ-<A=, $3-~$

t$?-~$
pen

~$-tJ,

underside of the nib

/$-0%-, |R -?3,
blackboard

~$-PA

0A<,

fourtain pen

ball point pen

nib

<%-LJ.-8-~$

pencil sharpener mechanical pencil

~$-1R$ ~$-OR$

8-~$

pencil

~$-1R3,

pen holder

pen box

?3-KA?,

?-~$

chalk

:R.-~$

light pen

STATIONERY

~$-?R,

;A $-(?-{R <,

blackboard eraser

?-r%-.0J-.LA2?,
globe

101

STATIONERY

;A $-(?-{R <,

O-4K,

ruler

P-:)=-(?,

P-$?3-O,
triangle

$?2-:IA$

protractor

eraser

correcting fluid

.J2-:6K<,
staple

$$-!R%,

inkstone
102

$?2-(,

stapler

paperweight

P-$?3-0%-,

set square; triangle

:IA$-P$

eraser ball

{R<-<,

apair of compasses

>R$-/R/,

correcting tape

.J2-:6K<-(?,

$?2-,$

g$?-~$

magic marker

$3-<A?-9J-0A<,

oil paint brush

$$-5, ~$-(,
ink

o.-S$

0-\A%-,

bassoon

0J-&A%-o.-$*A?, &A%-$<-0A-7%-,
\R$-.NR=-o.-3%-, Beijing opera fiddle

electric guitar

guitar

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

<R=-3R:A-{R<,

0A-7%-o.-$*A?,

two-stringed Chinese fiddle;

erhu

=$-4J%-,

accordion

2o%?-.NR=,

Chinese zither

\R$-<R=,

electronic keyboard; electronic piano

:UJ.-\A%-,
flute

:HA=-.%-,

French horn
103

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

<R=-3R:A-{R<,

$.2-SA=,

?A=-d, OR=-d-,

chuanling (a kind of Chinese

musical instrument)

tambourine

>A%-*,

o-\A%-,

wooden fish

Suona horn

iR-4J%-, iR-.NR=,
piano

:HA=-(%-,

:HA=-(J/,

trumpet

tuba

>A%-.NR=,

xylophone
104

KJ-=J2-<R=-(?, hJ$-.NR=,

Yangqin,Chinese dulcimer

:.J$?-(%-, AR$-\/,
fiddle; violin

=?-l=-{R<,

SPORT S

P$-0%-,

backboard

P$-!R<,

{<-0%-,

scoreboard

basket ring

%R-1R3,
stand

@-P$

aJ-r%-, r%-=A, %R-=R,

tennis ball

basketball

mR%-P$

b%-lJ.-%R-=R, b%-P$

squash

1R-29J.,

birdie; shuttlecock

soccer ball

%R-=R-,%-, r%-,%-,
BALL COURT

:)R%-P$
football

105

SPORTS

=?-l=-{R<,

P$-.L$

$.R%-#J2?,

$.R%-*R2,

bat

frame

P$-:1J/-0:A-*R2-E,

V%-*R2,

mask

batter's helmet

chest protector

3PA/-*R2,

throat protector

d=-=J/,

undershirt

P$-:6B/-=$->2?,

catcher's mit

P$-:1J/-=$->2?,

0?-#J2?,

batting glove

knee pad

:6K<-z3,

;-#J2?,

spiked shoe

shin guard

b%-#J2?,

toe guard

spectators' stand; bleachers

106

P$-:1J/-0,

CATCHER

v-!J$?,

P$-:6B/-0,

BATTER

P$-|R,

goal post

b%-P$-,%-,

football field

=?-l=-{R<,

S PO RT S

q$?-SA=,

?3-4J=-{R<-.L$

dumbbell

three-sectioned cudgel

LJ-+J,

punching bag

$R<-%R,

:1J/-:1%?-%R-=R,

21A=-P$

golf ball

bowling ball

table tennis ball;

ping-pong ball

:,J/->$?-.R%-(?,

P$-hJ$

{<-(:A-5.-O,
stopwatch

tennis racket

3(R%-,$

jump rope;
skipping rope

chest expander

{3->.-z3,

roller skate

o$-z3,

$%?->.-z3,
ski boots

.L$-P$

base ball

running shoes
107

SPORTS

=?-l=-{R<,

|-g,

pommel horse

:1J/-3.%-,
javelin

;R3-{?,

balancing on a freestanding ladder

3,.-o$

relay race
108

b%-:#R<-lJ.-l=,

1R<-:.J$?,

bicycle balancing

.J%?-=R%-,
rings

bowl balancing

;R3-0%-,

3,R-.3/-$.%-,

~R3?->A%-,

uneven bars

balance beam

uA.-:.J$?,

2$R3?-3(R%?,
long jump

weightlifting

<=-lJ.,
fencing

balancing on a plank

3*J/-l=,

contortion

o$-3,:A-,A$ 3)$-,A$
finish line

bowling alley

.2$?-$./,
air mattress

platform

marathon

3(R%-!J$?,

8/-$R%-,

shot put

3-<-?R/-o$-:P/,

3J-$.2-1R=-2,

leaping through a flaming hoop

*R 2-$./,

SPORTS

21A=-P$-#%-,

=?-l=-{R<,

landing pad

l=-lJ.,

acrobatics

&2?-3(R%-,
high jump

57

.L$-2!/-3,R-3(R%-,
pole vault

#<-:6B%-,
boxing

:2R=-:),
judo

109

SPORTS

=?-l=-{R<,

backstroke

$;J%-:1<,
gilding

110

&=-n=,

2!/-n=,

twist dive

lane ropes

$8R$?-2+<,

=3-:LJ.-,$

swimming pool

lanes

n=-mA%-,

n=-=3,

KJ-3-=J2-n=,

butterfly stroke

breaststroke

3(R%-lR3, 3(R%-P2?,
starting position;
take-off

=?-vJ2?,

pike position

,$-:PR?,

tight-rope walking

3#:-3(R%-,

jumping into the air

_2?->.,
surfing

.GR$-=3,

S%-=3,

curve

straightaway

$R<-%R-<-2,

hot-air balloon

circus

3.:-:2J/,
target

(A$-h%-,

horizontal bar; high bar

dragon boat

.2$?-r%-,

g-lJ.,

$/3-:#R<,

sky wheel

*A?-h%-,

track

:V$-P,

golf course

o$-=3,

SPORTS

=?-l=-{R<,

:1<-#J<,
frisbee

:H$?-$9J<,
spikes

parallel bars
111

COMPUTER

lA?-:U=-{R<,

(%?-$9%-lA?-:U=,

pocket PC; PDA;

hand-held computer

3*J /-#J <,

2>J <-:2J 2?,

floppy disk

scanner

$4S-:U=,

:(<->J =,

host computer

monitor

1-|3,

speaker

2f/-3A$
camera

:,J 2-$8R %-,

keyboard

!J$?-:)R$-lA?-:U=,

4B $-2f/,
mouse

:HJ <-#J <, 3,J 2-#J <,

USB drive; thumb drive

TABLE TOP COMPUTER

YJ$-:2J2?-{=-(?,
CD- burner

$$-|3,

cartridge
112

;A$-.0<-(?, ;A$-.0<,
printer

2*<-.0<-(?,

photocopier; copier

function key

$?2-:,J2,

:)$-:,J2,

delete key

enter key

<J-3A$-:,J2,

!R%-:,J2,

space bar

tab key

COMPUTER

LJ.-/?-:,J2,

lA?-:U=-{R<,

+<-F:A-:,J2,

A%-!A:A-:,J2-$8R%-,

shift lock key

numeric keypad

:R.-g$?-%R-:,J2,

+<-:,J2,

cursor keys

shift key

5S.-:6B/-:,J2,
control key

:,J 2-$8R %-,

KEYBOARD

A%-;A$-:,J2-$8R%-,

alphanumeric keyboard

3R.-#%?,

expansion connector

/%-L%-3R.-#%?,

8/-0<-\R$-=3,

printed circuit

memory slot

4B$-2f/-3,.-#%-,

.0<-:U=-3,.-#%-,

mouse port

printer port

:,J2-$8R%-3,.-#%-,
keyboard port

$4S-$./, 3-$./,

$9$?-=3-3,.-#%-,
video port

MOTHER BOARD

113

COMPUTER

lA?-:U=-{R<,

1-L%-,

:(<-L%-,

Y-#J <,

sound card

video card

hard drive; hard disk

/%-L%-,

.2?-1A$-(?,

RAM(random access memory)

#.-$J ,

CPU
(central processing unit)

magnetic head

_%-:#R<,
fan

YJ$-12-9J<-#J<, 12-#J<,

=$-:HJ<-lA?-:U=,

laptop computer; portable computer

recordable disk

\R$-$R., \R$-m?,
battery

9J <-#J <,

CD (compact disk)
114

{.-3J.-@-L%-,
wireless

9J<-#J<-{=-(?,
CD drive

?-#=-:UA/-#.-5$?,

29R?-{<,

local station

satellite

:UA /-$+R %-{R <,

.3%?-$*J<-o%-1R$-S-2,

private broacasting network

COMMUNICATIONS

\R$-#.-_2?-$+R%-,

Hertzian wave transmission

o=-$*J<-o%-1R$

national broadcasting network

{.-#J2-1A$-(?,

cable distributor

{.-#J2-\R$-,$-S-2,

distribution by cable

:HJ<-:UA/-+<-$+R%-_%?-:#R<,
mobile unit

3#:-*R.-{<-:UA/,

in-flight communications

o%-1R$-:#R<-{<-:UA/-@,

2h-:UA/-,.-#.-HA3,

SATELLITE BROADCASTING direct home reception

.3$-.R/-{<-:UA/,

military communications

29R-=?-{<-:UA/,

industrial communications

2PR.-=3-{<-:UA/,

road communications

35S-.R/-{<-:UA/,

maritime communications

?:A-$R-=:A-:UA/-#.-vJ-2,
teleport

#-0<-:UA/-@-,

29R?-{<-o%-2!J/-:UA/-@,

2h-:UA/-#.-$/?,
consumer

|J<-0:A-{<-:UA/,

TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SATELLITE
personal communication
telephone network

115

COMMUNICATIONS

:UA/-$+R%-{R<,

*A-:6B/-.%-$R=-2,

passing through the eclipse

*A-:6B/-#-$+., $%-PA2-353?,
preparation for the eclipse

;R%?-2n%?, ;R%?-2!R=,
full deployment/full use

*A-3:A-i3-0:A-$/?,

Sun mode position

?-.%-<A%-?:A->J.-:U=-&<-2,
apogee motor firing

?-.%-<A%-?:A-2PR.-=3,
apogee passage

East reflector deployment

solar array deployment

$+R%-(?-.%-29R?-{<-IJ?-0, ><-:P3-IA-wR$-:UR-(?-nR%-2,

launcher/satellite separation

*A-/?-\R$-m?-nR%-2,

29R?-{<-:1%?-/?-:#R<-=3-.-:)$-0:A-L-<A3,
LAUNCHING INTO ORBIT

@-{.,

internet wire

eJ-:U=,

116

exchanger

:UA/-$+R%-:#R<-{<, :UA/-{<,

S-2o.-2f/-:UA/-#.-(?, telecommunication satellite

network TV receiver

#-0<-1-12,

telephone answering machine

$/3-{.,
antenna

1-#.-:U=-(?,
radio

COMMUNICATIONS

:UA/-$+R%-{R<,

PR?-5S$?-#-0<,

2f/-:UA/-#.-a%-, :UA/-a%-,

conference phone

satellite dish

21A$?-:6B/-#-0<-eJ-:U=,

#.-(?,

program control exchanger

receiver

t$?-|R<-#-0<,
payphone

2f/-3.%-,

TV tower

{.-3J.-#-0<-eJ-:U=,
wireless exchanger

117

COMMUNICATIONS

:UA /-$+R %-{R <,

,A-,.-#-0<,

2o.-:2R.-(?,

#-0<-A%-:(<,
caller ID

{.-3J.-35K-:UA/,
walkie talkie

pager

pay phone

$./-:)R$-#-0<,

$9$?-3,R%-#-0<,

#-0<-L%-2,
phonecard

video telephone

telephone

$9$?-:UA/-:U=-(?,
fax machine

118

#-0<-#%-2,

phone booth

#-0<-5S$?-:.,

teleconference; conference call

{.-3J.-#-0<,

cordless telephone

\R$-;A$-:U=-(?,
teleprinter

:UA /-$+R %-{R <,

=$-:UA/-=%-,
phone chain

=$-:UA/-\R$-$?R$-(?,

=$-:UA/,

cell phone charger

cell phone; mobile phone

2.J-:UA/,

PAS, personal access

system (little smart)

:R.-,$

optical fiber

COMMUNICATIONS

!/-/?-\R$-$?R$-(?,

<A3-2lJ$?-\R$-,$
coaxial cable

#-0<-{.-0,
phone line

master charger

{.-&$

microphone

i<-$8 $

{.-3J.-{.-&$

earphone

wireless microphone

i<-$8$-2|<-$J,

.3<-KA:A-:R.-3,.-#%-,

jack plug

infrared interface

1-.%-,

loudspeaker

1-|3,

speaker

:HJ <-*/,

walkman

119

COMMUNICATIONS

:UA /-$+R %-{R <,

o%-1R$-0:A-2eJ-+<-5.-:6B/-(?,
announcer console

o%-1R$-*J/-1R/,

on-air warning light

o%-1R$-#%-,
2>.-$+R%-#%-,

broadcasting studio

2eJ-3,.-{.-$./,
jack field

{<-(:A-5.-O,
timer

o%-1R$-#%-.%-1A$-:6B/-#%-,

BROADCASTING STUDIO AND CONTROL ROOM

o%-:6B/,

remote control

~R3-1A$-(?,
tuner

5S/-w/-2f/-:U=,
color television

3A$-IR/-$>J<->J=-2f/-:U=,
120

LCD television

1-*J.-:U=,
amplifier

2f/-=J/-{R<,

2f/-12-$+R%-:U=,

2f/-$+R%-:U=, 2f/-$+R%-,

videocassette recorder

videocassette player

PHOTOGRAPHY

#.-,$ 1-,$

tape; cassette

$+2-(?,

1-#.-12-:U=,

paper cutter

boom box; portable stereo

,AA/->R$-SA=-3, ,A/-SA=,
film roll

5S/-3J.-,A/-SA=,

(J-:U=,

enlarger

black and white film

0<->R$

photographic paper

transparency

safelight

1R/-2f/-,A/->R$ *J/-3J.-\R$

:S-0<-2N-(?,
print washer

121

PHOTOGRAPHY

2f/-=J/-{R<,

.3A$?-+<-=J/->J=,

9<-;%?-=J/->J=,

=J/->J=,

wide-angle lens

zoom lens

,A/->R$-KA<-:SA=-:,J2,
film rewind button

lens

3.R$-:5$->J=,
color filter

film advance button

film speed

,A/->R$-:SA=-:,J2, ,A/->R$-:R.-5S<-:PR?-:,J2,

$>J<->J=-:(<-wJ2,

:R.-1R$-:,J2,

data panel

exposure button

/?-:.J3?-{R<-:,J2,
mode selector

\R$-#%?-$+R%-:6B/,
on/off switch

.?-:#J=-<%-0<-2h-(?,
self-timer indicator

3IR$?-|R:A-:,J2,

shutter release button

0<-(?-GA-=?,

exposure adjustment button

camera body

:R.-~R3-:,J2,

=J/->J=,
lens

0<-(?,

CAMERA
122

.3A$?-1A$-:.J3?-:,J2,
focus mode button

$&A$-,R.-0<-(?,

disposable camera

n%->J=-wR$-:UR-0<-(?,

single-lens reflex camera

:U=-,R/-0<-(?,

PHOTOGRAPHY

2f/-=J/-{R<,

Polaroid Land camera

3IR$?-|R:A-{.-0,

cable shutter release

:R.-:I-0<-1R/, :R.-:I,
flash

(-:R$-0<-(?,

underwater camera

0<-(?-bJ.-#$

camera waist pack

A%-!A-0<-(?, A%-0<,
digital camera

9%->J=-wR$-:UR-0<-(?,

twin-lens reflex camera

123

PHOTOGRAPHY

2f/-=J/-{R<,

A%!A:A-2f/-=J/,

\R$-2f/-=J/-:U=,

digital video camera

movie camera

2f/-=J/-\R$-m?,
camera battery

2f/-=J/-:U=-(?, 2f/-=J/,
video camera

b%-$?3,
tripod

124

KR$?-%J?-{.-&$

directional microphone

0<-(?-|3,

camera box

2f/-=J/-{R<,

;R =-.!<,

2f/-3R-(?,

1R/-2f/-!R/-(?,

projector

slide projector

screen

nR%-2{3-:R.-H2-\R$-1R/,

floodlight on pantograph

\R$-1R/-1R3-(,
lighting grid

PHOTOGRAPHY

:R.-:.?-\R$-1R/,
spotlight

<A?-;R=,
curtain

2$3-<A?,
test pattern

:R.-H2-\R$-1R/,

^-$3-$/3-;R=,

floodlight

4J=-,$ 2f/-=J/-:U=,
cables

movie camera

2f/-=J/-#%-2,

MOVIE RECORDING STUDIO

cyclorama

{.-&$

boom microphone
125

MACHINERY

:U=-(?-{R<,

3,R-<A3-HR$?-:#R<,
high class sedan

:P/-:#R<,
race car

/?-3%-_%?-:#R<,

sports utility vehicle (SUV)

;=-{R<-3PR/-:#R<,
tour bus

126

HR$?-:#R<,
sedan

3PR/-:#R<-(%-2,
van

uR%?-2PR.-_%?-:#R<, uR%?-:#R<,
all-terrain vehicle

*J/-gR$-_%?-:#R<, *J/-:#R<,
police car

,R$-vJ2?-_%?-:#R<,
convertible

o$-:#R<,

sports car

_%?-:#R<-(%-2,
car

9R%-:#R<,

lorry;truck

taxi

()

uA.-,J$-_%?-:#R<, uA.-:#R<,
lorry; truck

<J?-:#R<,

public bus; city bus

,A-,R.-:#R<-:VA%-,

medium-sized bus

:#R<-U/,
mini-bus

24S/-:#R<,

prison van

,A-:#R<-2lJ$?-3,

double-decker bus

=.-:#R<,

sewage truck

MACHINERY

\-:#R<,

:U=-(?-{R<,

P%-:#R<,

refrigerated truck

3J-$?R.-:#R<,
fire engine

$3-*J=-:#R<,
oil truck

127

MACHINERY

:U=-(?-{R<,

:U=-g,

\R$-2{R<-t$?-g,

:S.-:#R<,
tractor

electric bike

motorcycle

.N$-:#R<,

$%?-:#R<,

concrete mixer

snowmobile

:.J$?-:#R<,

travelling crane

?-bR-:#R<,
backhoe

128

?-~R3-:#R<,
bulldozer

=3-~R3-:#R<,
grader

w$-:#R<,

front loader

:U=-(?-{R<,

tail light

=3-(?-|3,

boot; trunk

_%->J=,

windscreen

MACHINERY

electric rearview mirror

3)$-1R/,

sun roof

\R$-{R<-o2-3,R%->J=-|R,

$/3-.!<,

(<-KA?,

windshield wiper

:.3-:$R$
fender

:#R<-=R,

($-1R/,

foglghit

wheel

1R/-(J/,

:#R<-#R$
BODY

high beam; headlight

:.J$?-(?,

:U=-$3,

*R2-,$

seat belt

engine oil

jack

129

MACHINERY

:U=-(?-{R<,

#-:#R<, .GR$-:#R<,

instrument panel

side mirror

air vent

5.-O:A-wJ2?-%R?, o2-3,R%-3J-=R%-, SR.-~R3-_%-:2.-|R,

steering wheel

(<-KA?-$+R%-:6B/,
wiper control

*A-:$R$

1-.%-:,J2-/R/,

sun visor

horn

KR $?-1R /-+<-; ,

dipping/indicator stalk;
headlight/turn signal

SR.-~R3,

climate control

KJ-4J=-b%-$./,

2%-+<-;-2,

clutch pedal

:#R<-|$-b%-$./, $3-|R:A-b%-$./,
brake pedal

2.J-:)$?-.2$?-1R,
airbag

130

=$-|$

gearshift lever

hand brake;
accelerator pedal;
emergency brake
gas pedal

<%-LJ.-2%-+<-;-2,

automatic gearshift

$8/-LJ.-2%-+<-;-2,
manual gearshift

:U=-(?-{R<,

.2$?-|R:A-:1<,

inlet valve

inlet manifold

valve spring

:2<-3.:,

$3-&.-(?,

cam shaft

:2<-#%-,

injector

3J-:2A$?->J.-3,R:C-\R$-,$

ignition lead; spark plug cable

\R$-2$R.-#J<,
distributor

#R%-!R%-2<-*A,

MACHINERY

.2$?-d2-#%-=$

vacuum diaphragm

combustion chamber

.2$?-|R:A-#J2?,

Y2-$.2,

valve cover

piston ring

.2$?-|R:A-hJ$-%<,

$R=-o-\R$-:.R/-:U=,

rocker arm

alternator

3J-:2A$?,

Y2->3,

spark plug

piston skirt

.2$?-$+R%-#%-=$

4J=-3.:,

exhaust manifold

connecting rod

>$?-:#R<,

:H$-LJ.-_%-:#R<,

flyweheel

cooling fan

_%-:#R<-{R<-,$
fan belt

:HR$-3.:,

crank shaft

$3-&R:A-l2-$./,
sump gasket;
oil pan gasket

$3-:1.-|R-$&R.,

Y2-E,

piston crown

>J.-:U=-#R$

engine block

oil drain plug

.2$?-$+R%-$&R.-,<, $+R%-$&R.,

$3-&R,

sump; oil pan

>J.-:U=,

ENGINE

exhaust valve

.2$?-$/R/-:U=,

air conditioner compressor

131

MACHINERY

:U=-(?-{R<,

\R$-:.J.-|R->J=,

electric window

$+R%-:6B/,

on-off; switch

A%-L%-,

number plate

\R$-h=-5.-O:A-wJ2?-%R?,

electric instrument panel

:#R<-,R$?-#-0<,
carphone

\R$-:.J.-:.$-!J$?,
electronic seat

CD

:#R<-,R$?-9J<-#J<,
car CD player

KA<-/<-o2-1R/, o2-1R/,
reverse light

A%-1R/,

license plate light

!R-!J$?,

leather seat

132

:U=-(?-{R<,

\R$-2{R<-:U=,

:H$-LJ.-_%-:#R<,

electric motor

MACHINERY

cooling fan

.2$?-3.R%-1R3-#J2?,
cylinder cover

SR.-?J=,

radiator

:1<-=J/,

shock absorber

.2$?-3.R%-,
air cylinder

.2$?-3.R%-1R3-$8A,

$3-+<-(?,

carburator

cylinder block

#-l2,

sealing rubber ring

KJ-4J=-:U=-5/,
clutch unit

2%-+<-|3,

gear box; transmission

133

MACHINERY

:U=-(?-{R<,

:#R<-gJ/,

?R-:#R<,

(axle) bearing

gear

:HR$-3.:,

crank shaft

KR$?-3.:,

drive shaft

>J.-:U=-:PR?-O,
tachometer

:#R<-93,
axle

2o.-{R<-:#R<-3.:, {R<-3.:,

transmission shaft; driving axle

$3-&.-<,
injector

134

o-P3-{R<-3.:,
cross axle

:U=-(?-{R<,

|=-$./,

_%->J=,

windshield

seat

side mirror

$3-|3,

gas tank

9R%-$.$?,

3./-1R/,

luggage rack

MACHINERY

o2-3,R%-3J-=R%-,

head light

o2-1R/,

KR$?-!R/-1R/,
turn signal

taillight

:1<-=J/,

:.3-:$R$

shock absorber

fender

1-~%-(?,
muffler

o2-:#R<,

&R<-.0%-,

rear wheel

actuating arm

b%-$./,

foot plate

..-&$

exhaust pipe

kickstand

rear brake pedal

:.J$?-gJ/, o2-:#R<-|$-$./,

9<-gJ/,

:#R<-lA2?,
steel rim

3./-:#R<,

front wheel

side stile

:U=-g,

MOTORCYCLE

3J-:2A$?,

spark plug

1R/-{.,

filament

wJ-3A$

car key

:1<,

spring
135

MACHINERY

:U=-(?-{R<,

\R$-$R.,
battery

#R%-!R%-:#R<-=R, !R%-:#R<,

a%-$9$?-|$-(?,

tire

drum brake

$3-:5$

/%-:#R<,

#J<-$9$?-|$-(?,

fuel filter

disc brake; disk brake

inner tube

:PR?-(R.-5.-O, :PR?-O,
speedometer

:#R<-5.-5.-O, :#R<-O,
tachometer

$3-O,

:#R<-|$-:6B/-;, =$-|$

fuel gauge

front brake lever

KJ-4J=-:6B/-;,

$3-$R/-:6B/-;,

clutch lever

twist grip throttle

KR$?-1R/-:,J2,

turn signal button

1-.%-:,J2,
horn

,A-F,

$3-|3-#-=J2,
gas tank cap

ignition switch

:U=-g,

MOTORCYCLE
136

:R.-+<-$+R%-:6B/,
dipswitch

&R<-LJ.-$+R%-:6B/,
starter button

$/3-P

helicopter

airplane

:5S-.2$?-=J/-|R,

M<-:PR?-3J-:#R<,

2!<-:#R<-.?-O,

oxygen outlet

bullet train

timetable

2!R.-:.R3?-!J$?,
control tower

tower control room

o$-=3,

taxiway; runway

ROAD TRANSPORT

,.-:1<-$/3-P,

2!R.-:.R3?-#%-,

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

$/3-,%-,R$-#%-,

maintenance hangar

passenger terminal

$/3-P-,%-, $/3-,%-,
AIRPORT

2&R?-$?R-#%-,

$/3-P-:)R$-#=,

airplane parking area

nR%-{3-H3?-=3,

telescopic corridor
137

ROAD TRANSPORT

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

!J%-OA,

upper seat

2<-OA,

middle seat

:#R<-z?,

parking lot

3PR/-5B$?,

3A-2PR.-$+A%-=3,

passenger station

signal box;
switch tower

freight car

Y-OA,

hard sleeper

2h-g$?-#%-, 9R%-:SJ/-:#R<->$

138

lower seat

dining car

soft sleeper

:R$-OA,

9?->$

:2R=-OA,

underground passage

3A-2PR.-$/3-93,
footbridge

9R%-:SJ/-:22-5B$?, 3J-:#R<,
3J-:#R<-:22-5B$?,
freight station
train

RAILWAY STATION

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

O-=3,

,A-:#R<-:22-5B$?, :#R<-5B$?,

zebra crossing

wR$-:UR-3J-=R%-,

traffic mirror

ROAD TRANSPORT

bus stop

:22-5B$?-:)$-|R,

station entrance

:6B/-.JR.-#%-,

ticket collector's booth

1$-=3,

,J3-{?,

tunnel

stairs

:2.-|R, ,R/-|R,
exit

=3-<A?,

line map

3A-2PR.-$/3-93,

5B$?-3A%-,

station name

:1=-=3,
track

2.J-:)$?-,A$-=3, 2.J-,A$

safety line

$+A%-=3-:22-5B$?,

UNDERGROUND STATION; SUBWAY STATION

footbridge

=%?-!J$?,
platform

139

ROAD TRANSPORT

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

*R2-P,

$;R<-P,

sailboat

3PR/-$9A%?, 3PR/-mA%?,

3IR$?-P,

lifeboat

P-$9A%?,

river steamer

passenger liner

speed boat

$&R.-|R, P-#:A-uA.-:.J$?-:U=, 1R/-3.%-,

lighthouse
gate

quayside crane

:V-<A$?-P-#,

grain terminal

(-!J%-uA.-:.J$?-:U=,
floating crane

P-#,

P-#:A-t$?-=3,

HARBOR
140

motorboat

$3-$9A%?,
%?-P-#,
1R=-$9A%?, tanker $3-$9A
oil terminal
ferryboat

:U=-g:A-P->/, :U=-P,

quay ramp

P-#:A-:$$-|R,

customs gate

$8%-=?-,R$-#%-,
office building

35S/-,A$

.=-=3,

slow lane

ROAD TRANSPORT

marked line

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

:#R<-2PR.-=3,
driving lane

2c=-=3,

M<-:PR?-$8%-=3, M<-=3,

overtaking lane;
passing lane

MOTORWAY; FREEWAY

=3-,R,

traffic cone

*J/-1R/,

caution light

*J/-:52-:2.-|R,
emergency exit

$/3-P<-:)$-L%-, :)$-L%-,
boarding pass

#-=R-(R$-;A$

driver's license

KA-*R.-=3-;A$ =3-;A$
passport

141

ROAD TRANSPORT

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

_%?-:#R<-36K?-29R,

car detailing shop

\R$-:#R<,

electric car

=3-O=-=J/-?,
toll booth

2$R=-93,
overpass

142

:#R<-|$-#%-,

waiting room

.R%-=3-2!<-:#R<, .R%-:#R<,
subway(train)

(-:,R<-:#R<,

watering truck

93-=3,
viaduct

$3-5$?,

station; gas station

uA2-:#R<,
jeep

n%-:1=-2!<-:#R<,
monorail

$8%-=3,
highway

street map

street sign

=3-,A$

road line

=3-353?-:$R$-O,
roadside barrier

$/3-93,

overpass bridge

=3-L%-,

2h-u%-,

green light

1$-=3,
tunnel

o=-<A3-$8%-=3, o=-=3,
national road

=3-g$?,

SYMBOLS

=3-<A?,

2PR.-=3-:PA3-:P=-{R<,

road sign

2h-.3<,
red light

:VJ%-=3,

suspended cable way

$3-=3,

asphalt road
143

SYMBOLS

o/-2!R=-2h-g$?-{R<,

(/-#%-,

hospital

uR%?-9?-#=,
picnic area

3IR$?-9?-#%-,
fast food

$3-5$?,

gas station; service station

9?-5S3?,

restaurant

82?-:.J$?-5$?,
information

M<-*R2-?-5$?,

uR%?-o-2!=-:#R<-$*J<-?,
trailer camping area

camp ground

no access for wheelchairs

picnics prohibited

first aid

:#R<-OA:-2!$-=3,

144

uR%?-9?-2!$-o,

|<-#=,

|<-:.J2?-2!$-o,

camping prohibited

3J-$?R.-(?,

fire extinguisher

,A-,.-#-0<,

tent and trailer camping area

pharmacy

|<-#=-.%-uR%?-o-2!=-:#R<-$*J<-?, (/-m?-5S%-#%-,

\-:#R<-82?-8,

.%=-=R<-2eJ-$/?,

public telephone

currency exchange

1R:C-=$-O?-#%-,

taxi transportation

3R:C-=$-O?-#%-,

*J/-gR$-#%-,

men's restroom

women's restroom

lost and found

access for physically

handicapped; handicapped
; accessible

police

2R<-.%R?-=J/-?,

aJ-0R:C-o-=3,

SYMBOLS

o/-2!R=-2h-g$?-{R<,

:SA-kJ.-$/?,
inquiry

145

3)$-L%-,
o-2R.-.LA/-$?3-$?<-L%-o/-2!R=-<A?-:PJ=-3A%-36S.-&J?-L-2-:.A-/A-2R.-(R=-#$?3-33-uR%?-.%-8A%-(J/-s:A-.3%?-OR.-/?-?J<-*-$*A?-!-3*3-.-:6S3?-+J-1-+<-0-{.-<A$?-$*A?-?3-$?3-=-L%-2-?3-&-z$-&A$-$A?-3-2{=-.%-]%?-GA-|R/?-=R-ZA=-0R-$*A?-GA-<A%-=-.L<-.$/-vR?-3J.-.-:2.-0?-lR3-1A$-L?->A%-P2-08A$-;A/, :.A<-2#R3?-0:A-,-~. 1900 .%-, 0<-<A? 1390 .%-, #J-5/-3A:S-2 35 ;R.-.R, ,3A%-36S.-:.A:A-/%-.-.%R?-0R-:$:-8A$-=-3A%-o?-2#?--$*A?-<J-2!R.-;R., .J-.$-=-o?-0:A-,R$-/?-$R-2h-:UR.-5K-$4S-2R-2#?-3A%-.J-=--$R3?-0<-L?-/-=J$?->A%-, ;%-3A%-:$:-8A$-$A-eJ?-?-;=-{.-:$:-<J:%-2!R.-;R.-0-/A-<J-8A$-.J-v<-3-L?-/-;=-=-=<-$R-2h-3A-:UR.-0:A-.2%-$A?-;A/-;%-, <A3IA?-,A-0:A-3A%-.J-=-$R3?->A%-2!R=-2<-L?-/-=J$?, 3A%-:.A-.$-=-&A:A-KA<-.J-v<-2+$?-0:A-o-35/-/A-o-2R.-.LA/-$?3-$?<-L%-o/-2!R=-3A%-36S.-.-2!R.-0:A-3A%$A-:PJ=-2-=-2v-2<-L:R, ,
2h-:.A-i3?-:.R$?-0:A-5K-/-3A%-<J-<J-28A/-.-2eR.-L:A-.%R?-0R-.J:A-%R-2R:3-LJ.-=??R$?-=-:LR<-<3-3A-:LR<-.%-, .LA/-)A-.%-o-/$-$A?-3A%-)A-v<-2+$?-5=-.%-,
2R.-,A:A-%$-,R$-.%-;A$-,R$-$*A?-!-=-2.J:3-3A-2.J-?R$?-=-8A2-+-2g$?->A%-2PR\J%-;%-;%-L?-/?-$+/-=-12-0-;A/-0?-;=-KR$?-<J-:$:-2-/-,R$-3<-2eR.-2.J3A-2.J-.%-2h-:UR.-3A-:UR.-U/-2-<J-:L%-YA.-G%-, &%-9.-$R3?-/-$&A$-I<-IA-,~.-*R/-3J.-0-8A$-+-($?-:PR-2:A-;A.-(J?-;R., .J?-/-;=-{.-KR$?-<J-2-43-=-2gJ/-/?-A-5$?-GA-:,J/-:HJ<-3A-LJ.-0<-,A-0:A-,-~.-&A$-($?-?-:)$-0-$/.-(J2?-=$-=J/-=-,J2?-0-8A$-&A?-G%-$=-(J-2-;A/-/R, ,

$8/-;%-?A-OR/-8A%-(J/-3A-<A$?-.R/-$&R.-z/-#%-.%-, 3(R$-3=-,2-2!/-*A-3-.%2N->A?-5K-<A%-?R$?-GA?-3A%-36S.-:.A-lR3-1A$-$A-L-2-=-$.J%-:)R$-.%-o2-*R<-$/%2<-2!:-SA/-(J-8:R, ,
a<-5?-0,
2h-.%-,-~.-{.-.%-;A-$J-/A, ,<A$-0:A-$8%-!/-2PR.-0:A-,J3-{?-+J, ,.J-;A-i3-28$-=J$?-0<-3-5$?-/, ,3./-2*R.-;<-o?-hR$-l-$%-.-$+., ,<%-$A-1-{.$4%-3:A-2eR.-1R?-43, ,5-2<-3A-%R2?-<A$-0:A-$R-<-/?, ,3,:-.$-$8/-IA-$;3=-:1%?-I<-/, ,$%?-&/-3J?-0R:C-YR=-29%-)A-v<-*R%-, ,:L%-:I<-:)A$?-0:A$.R%-=-1<-5$?-?, ,2v-2:A-%R2?-0-&%-9.-.0%?-2!R.-/?, ,o?-3J.-3,:-V=<A$-0:A-&?-;=-=, ,3A%-.-2+$?-0:A-?.-3.:-:.A-43-:1%?, ,KA-/%-$4$-=$o-35S:C-HR/-;%?-=?, ,*J<-2+?-=J$?-2+<-$?<-L%-3A%-36S.-:.A, ,<%-$8/!/-=-1/-0:A-.LA$-3(R$-.%-, ,z$-2?3-[R%-/?-hR=-2:A-:2R.-{=-;A/, ,$/:.J%-<A$-0:A-KR$?-z%-.R$-0R:C-:U%-, ,%-HR.-lR.-0:A-_%-$A?-.N$?-0:A-?J3?, ,
;R%?-?-2*<-/?-;%-.$-<A$-0:A-9%?, ,3A-*3?-$?R-2:A-lA-(/-2&.-.-%J=, ,1<A$-#-2:A-[R%-=?-3%R/-*J?-0:A, ,2h-.$-:R.-.!<-5B$-$A-36S.-:.A-;%-, ,s-U$<A$-0:A-*A%-2&.-.%-:PR$?-/?, ,KR$?-GA-,-P-!/-+-P$?-I<-&A$ ,

o-2R.-.LA/-$?3-$?<-L%-o/-2!R=-3A%-36S.-lR3-1A$-5S-(%-$A?-2R.-<2-$/?-3J-1$-=R:A?-$-^-2:A-5K?-2&R-s-=-OA%-+:-PR%-HJ<-/?-VA?-?R, ,

$4S-1A$-0,

5=-OA3?-]R-PR?,

lR3-1A$-0,

3A %-<A 3-!-UJ %-v<-21A $?-;R .,

{=-29%-(R?-:1J=, ?A-OR/, {=-29%-;J->J?, 35S-}R/, $<-.2%-, 35S-}R/,

$<-.$:, ?A-OR/, :)A$?-3J.-:PR-1/, 35S-}R/, :)-{=-29%-, 35S-}R/,
*/->=-:)3-.L%?-P$?-0, ?A-OR/, */->=-,2-2!/-.$J-=J$?, 2R.-uR%?,
/R<-3R, 2R.-uR%?, 0.-3-2..-:.=, 35S-}R/, .0=-w/-=J$?-2>., ?A-OR/,
.0=-36S., ?A-OR/, 1/-5S$?-.R/-P2, 2R.-uR%?, L3?-0-hR-eJ, ?A-OR/,
2lR/-:P?, ?A-OR/, ;J->J?-hR-eJ, ?A-OR/, <A$-:6B/, ?A-OR/, 2?R.-.<-o?, ?A-OR/,

=?-8$?-3A-$,
3A %-<A 3-!-UJ %-v<-21A $?-;R .,

!/-w/-.2%-0R, 2R.-uR%?, .!R/-3(R$-o-35S, 2R.-uR%?, .!R/-3(R$2!/-:6B/, ?A-OR/, 2N->A?, ?A-OR/, 2N->A?-.R/-P2, ;/-//, #-|%2N->A?-5K-<A%-, !/-?:, o-;J-2N-0R, 35S-}R/, :)3-.L%?-o-35S, 35S-}R/,
$*$?-(R?-*A.-hR-eJ, ?A-OR/, g-3PA/-hR-eJ, 0J-&A%-, .<-2.-35S-*J?-hR-eJ,
35S-}R/, hR-eJ-.R/-P2, ?A-OR/, 0.-3-5=-OA3?, ?A-OR/, 5K-<A%-o-35S, ?A-OR/,
5K-<A%-.2%-K$ 2R.-uR%?, ;J->J?-.R/-P2, ?A-OR/, 2?3-P2-5K-<A%-, 35S-}R/,

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ISBN 978-7-5409-3625-9