Matem atica Basica - Terceira Lista de Func oes

Funcoes Exponenciais e Logartmicas

1. Obtenha o domnio das funcoes f (x) e g (x) dadas abaixo. Em seguida, obtenha (f + g) (x), (fg) (x),
_
f
g
_
(x) e (f g) (x) explicitando o domnio para cada caso.
(a) f (x) = 2x e g (x) =

x + 1
(b) f (x) = (x 1)
2
e g (x) = 7x 4
(c) f (x) =

x + 5 e g (x) =
1
x
(d) f (x) = x
3
e g (x) =
3

1 x
3
2. Dadas as fun coes f (x) e g (x) abaixo determine (f g) (x), (g f) (x), (f f) (x) e (g g) (x).
(a) f (x) = x
2
+ 3 e g (x) =

x + 1
(b) f (x) = 3x + 2 e g (x) = x 2
(c) f (x) = x
2
1 e g (x) =
1
x1
(d) f (x) =
1
x1
e g (x) =

x
(e) f (x) =
1
4x
e g (x) =
1
5x
3. Para cada fun cao f(x) abaixo determine f
1
(x) (fun cao inversa) identicando seus respectivos domnio
e imagem:
(a) f (x) = x
5
(b) f (x) = x
2
+ 1 para x 0
(c) f (x) =
1
x
2
para x > 0
(d) f (x) =
1
2
x
7
2
(e) f (x) =
x3
4x
(f) f (x) =
2x+1
5x2
(g) f (x) = x
2
+ 2x 3 para x 1
(h) f (x) = x
2
3x + 2 para x 3/2
4. Determine o valor dos logaritmos abaixo:
(a) log
25
0, 04
(b) log 3

5
4

5
(c) log 3

7
49
5. Determine o valor de y nas expressoes:
(a) y = log
4
4 + log

8
1 + 2 log 10
(b) y = 3
log
3
2
(c) y = 5
2+log
5
2
(d) y = 8
1+log
2
3
1
(e) y = ln e + 2 ln
3

e
(f) y = e
1+ln 3
(g) y = (log
3
2) (log
4
3) (log
5
4) (log
6
5) (log
7
6) (log
8
7) (log
9
8) (log
10
9)
6. Desenvolva os logaritmos a seguir, sabendo que a, b e c sao reais positivos.
(a) log
_
_
ab
2
c
2
_
(b) ln
_
ab
3
c
3

a
2
_
(c) log
2
_
4

a
2
b
3

10c
_
7. Sabendo que x, y e b sao reais positivos e, sabendo ainda, que log
b
x = 2 elog
b
y = 3, detemine:
(a) log
b
_
x
2
y
3
_
(b) log
b
_
4

x
by
_
8. Escreva na base e os seguintes logaritmos:
(a) log 7
(b) log
2
3
9. Se x e y sao n umeros reais positivos e log
y
x = 3, qual o valor de:
(a) log
x
y
(b) log
x
2 y
10. Resolva as seguintes equa coes:
(a) 2
x
= 512
(b) 5
x
=
1
625
(c) 2
3x+2
= 32
(d) 81
13x
= 27
(e) (3
x
)
x
= 9
8
(f) (2
x
)
x+4
= 32
(g) 8
3x
=
3

32
x
(h) 2
3
4
x
= 512
(i) 3
x1
3
x
+ 3
x+1
+ 3
x+2
= 306
(j) 4
x
2
x
2 = 0
(k) 9
x
+ 3
x+1
= 4
(l) 3
x
2
+1/x
2
=
81
3
x+1/x
11. Resolva as seguintes equa coes:
(a) 3
x
= 5
(b)
_
3
2
_
x
= 2
(c) 4
x+1
= 5
2
(d) 4
3x1
= 3
x+2
(e) 4
x
+ 3.4
x+2
= 5
x
(f) log
4
(3x + 2) = log
4
(2x + 5)
(g) log
2
_
5x
2
14x + 1
_
= log
2
_
4x
2
4x 20
_
(h) log1
2
(5x 2) = log1
2
(4x 4)
(i) log
x
(4x 3) = log
x
(2x + 1)
(j) log
x
(6x 5) = log
x
(2x 1)
(k) log
x+3
_
3x
2
5x 8
_
= log
x+3
_
2x
2
3x
_
(l) log
x
_
3x
2
13x + 15
_
= 2
(m) log
x2
_
2x
2
11x + 16
_
= 2
(n) log
2
(x 3) + log
2
(x + 3) = 4
(o) 2 log x = log 2 + log (x + 4)
12. Esboce o graco das seguintes funcoes:
(a) f (x) = 3
x
(b) f (x) =
_
1
5
_
x
(c) f (x) = 2
1x
(d) f (x) =
_
1
2
_
x
+ 5
(e) f (x) = 3
1+x
2
(f) f (x) = 2 log
10
x
(g) f (x) = ln (x 2)
(h) f (x) = ln (x + 2) + 3
13. Determine o domnio das seguintes fun coes:
(a) f (x) =
1
2+e
x
(b) f (x) =
1
e
2x
1
(c) f (x) =

3 + 2
x
(d) f (x) =
1

5e
x/2
(e) f (x) = log (x 2)
(f) f (x) = ln
_
x
2
+ 2
_
(g) f (x) = ln (e
x
1)
(h) f (x) = log
2
_
x
2
+ x + 6
_
(i) f (x) = log
x
_
x
1
2
_
14. Mostre que, para x > 0,
x
ln 2
= 2
ln x
.
3
OBS: Para mais exerccios, veja Demana, Waits, Foley e Kennedy, Pre-calculo, Ed. Pearson:
Cap07: Exerccios 55 - 57 e 62.
Cap11: Exerccios 11 - 14 e 45 - 48.
Cap12: Exerccios 33 - 36 e 155 - 161.
Cap13: Exerccios 10 - 21, 43 e 44.
Cap14: Exerccios 13 - 22 e 27 - 32.
Gabarito
1. Respostas:
(a) D
f
= R e D
g
= [1, +[; (f + g) (x) = 2x +

x + 1, (fg) (x) = 2x

x + 1,
_
f
g
_
(x) =
2x

x+1
e
(f g) (x) = 2

x + 1; D
f+g
= D
fg
= D
fg
= D
g
e D
f/g
= (1, +).
(b) D
f
= D
g
= R; (f + g) (x) = x
2
+ 5x 3, (fg) (x) = (x 1)
2
(7x 4),
_
f
g
_
(x) =
(x1)
2
7x4
e
(f g) (x) = (7x 5)
2
; D
f+g
= D
fg
= D
fg
= R e D
f/g
= R {4/7}.
(c) D
f
= [5, +[ e D
g
= R {0}; (f + g) (x) =

x + 5 +
1
x
, (fg) (x) =

x+5
x
,
_
f
g
_
(x) =

x+5
1/x
e
(f g) (x) =
_
1
x
+ 5; D
f+g
= D
fg
= D
f/g
= [5, 0[ ]0, +[ e D
fg
=] ,
1
5
] ]0, +[.
(d) f (x) = x
3
e g (x) =
3

1 x
3
D
f
= D
g
= R; (f + g) (x) = x
3
+
3

1 x
3
, (fg) (x) = x
3
3

1 x
3
,
_
f
g
_
(x) =
x
3
3

1x
3
e (f g) (x) = 1 x
3
; D
f+g
= D
fg
= D
fg
= R e D
f/g
= R {1}.
2. Respostas:
(a) (f g) (x) = |x + 1| + 3; (g f) (x) =

x
2
+ 4; (f f) (x) = x
4
+ 6x
2
+ 12 e (g g) (x) =
_

x + 1 + 1.
(b) (f g) (x) = 3x 4; (g f) (x) = 3x; (f f) (x) = 9x + 8 e (g g) (x) = x 4.
(c) (f g) (x) =
x
2
+2x
(x1)
2
; (g f) (x) =
1
x
2
2
; (f f) (x) = x
4
2x
2
e (g g) (x) =
x1
2x
.
(d) (f g) (x) =
1

x1
; (g f) (x) =
_
1
x1
; (f f) (x) =
x1
2x
e (g g) (x) =
4

x.
4
(e) f (x) =
1
4x
e g (x) =
1
5x
(f g) (x) =
5
4
; (g f) (x) =
4
5
; (f f) (x) = 1 e (g g) (x) = 1.
3. Respostas:
(a) f
1
(x) =
5

x D = Im = R
(b) f
1
(x) =

x 1 D = [1, [ e Im = ] , 0[
(c) f
1
(x) =
_
1
x
D = Im = ]0, [
(d) f
1
(x) = 2x + 7 D = Im = R
(e) f
1
(x) =
4x+3
1+x
D = R {1} e Im = R {4}
(f) f
1
(x) =
2x+1
5x2
D = Im = R
_
2
5
_
(g) f
1
(x) = 1

4 + x D = [4, [ e Im =] , 1]
(h) f
1
(x) =
3+

1+4x
2
D = [
1
4
, [ e Im = [
3
2
, [
4. Respostas:
(a) 1
(b)
3
4
(c) 6
5. Respostas:
(a) y = 3
(b) y = 2
(c) y = 50
(d) y = 216
(e) y =
5
3
(f) y = 3e
(g) y = log 2
6. Respostas:
(a)
1
2
log a + log b
1
2
log c
(b) 3 log b 3 log c
(c)
1
2
log
2
a +
1
4
log
2
b
1
3
log
2
c
1
3
log
2
10
7. Respostas:
(a) 13
(b)
7
2
8. Respostas:
(a)
ln 7
ln 10
(b)
ln 3
ln 2
9. Respostas:
(a)
1
3
5
(b)
1
6
10. Respostas:
(a) x = 9
(b) x = 4
(c) x = 1
(d) x =
1
12
(e) x = 4
(f) x = 1 ou x = 5
(g) x = 0
(h) x =
1
2
(i) x = 3
(j) x = 1
(k) x = 0
(l) x = 1 ou x =
3

5
2
11. Respostas:
(a) x = log
5
3
(b) x = log3
2
2
(c) x = log
4
5 1
(d) x =
2(log
2
3+1)
6log
2
3
(e) x =
2 log
2
7
log
2
52
(f) x = 3
(g) x = 3 ou x = 7
(h) Sem solucao.
(i) x = 2
(j) Sem solucao.
(k) x = 4
(l) x =
3
2
ou x = 5
(m) x = 4
(n) x = 5
(o) x = 4
12. Sem respostas.
13. Respostas:
(a) D = R
(b) D = R

(c) D = R
(d) fD = {x R | x < ln 25}
(e) D = {x R | x > 2}
6
(f) D = R
(g) fD = R

+
(h) D = {x R | 2 < x < 3}
(i) D =
_
x R | x >
1
2
e x = 1
_
7