Direct Material Price Variance (DMPV) = (Standard Price - Actual Price) x Actual Quantity = (SP AP) x AQ Direct Material

l Usage Variance (DMUV) = ( Standard Quantity for actual output - Actual Quantity ) x Standard Rate = (SQ AQ) x SP Total Direct Material Cost Variance (DMCV) = Total Standard Cost for Actual Output Total Actual Cost = (Standard Price x Std. Qty. or Actual Output ) - ( Actual Price x Actual Quantity ) = (SP ! SQ) (AP ! AQ) Or = "irect #aterial Price $ariance % "irect #aterial &sa'e $ariance Direct Labour Rate Variance (DLRV) = (Standard Rate - Actual Rate) x Actual ti(e = (SP AP) ! AQ Direct Labour Efficiency Variance = (Standard ti(e for actual output - Actual ti(e) x Standard Rate = (SQ AQ) x SR Total Direct Labour Cost Variance (DLCV) = Standard Cost for actual output - Actual Cost Or = ( Standard Rate x Standard Ti(e for actual output ) ( Actual Rate x Actual Ti(e) = (SR ! S)) (AR ! A)) Or = "irect *a+our ,fficiency $ariance % "irect *a+our Rate $ariance Idle Time Variance = Ti(e *ost ! Std Rate Or = (Actual all *a+our )ours paid - Actual la+our -ours in producti.e /or0) x Standard Rate = (A) - A)1) ! SR Variable o er!ead s"ending or e#"enditure or rate ariance = (Standard $aria+le O.er-ead Rate - Actual $aria+le O.er-ead Rate) x Actual Ti(e = (S$OR - A$OR) ! A) Or = (Standard .aria+le o.er-ead rate per -our x Actual -ours /or0ed) - Actual .aria+le o.er-ead costs = (SP AP) ! AQ Variable o er!ead efficiency ariance = 2 ( AO x S) per unit ) - A) 3 x S$OR Or = (S) A)) x SR

Total Variable $ er!ead Cost Variance = S$O) (Reco.ered4A+sor+ed4Standard O.er-eads) - Actual $aria+le O.er-eads = (S$O) A$O)) Or = $aria+le o.er-ead spendin' or expenditure .ariance % $aria+le O) efficiency .ariance %i#ed $ er!ead &"ending or E#"enditure Variance = 5ud'eted ixed O.er-ead 5ud'eted ixed O.er-ead = (5 O) - A O)) Total %i#ed $ er!ead Production'Volume Variance (%$PVV) = Standard ixed O.er-eads - 5ud'eted ixed O.er-eads = (S O) 5 O)) Or = (AO x )r x S OR) 5 O) Or = (Actual output 5ud'et output) ! S OR = (AO 5O) S OR %i#ed $ er!ead Volume Efficiency Variance (%$VEV) = (Standard Ti(e - Actual Ti(e) x Standard ixed O.er-ead Rate = (S) A)) ! SR %i#ed $ er!ead Volume Ca"acity Variance (%$VCV) = ( Actual -ours 5ud'et -ours) x Standard ixed O.er-ead Rate = (A) 5)) x SR Total %i#ed $ er!ead Cost Variance = ixed O.er-ead ,fficiency .ariance % ixed O.er-ead $olu(e Capacity .ariance &ales Margin Price Variance = (Standard sellin' price Actual sellin' price) x Actual 6uantity sold = (SP AP) ! AQ sold &ales Volume Variance (Service Companies) = (5ud'eted Quantity - Actual Quantity) x Standard price = (5Q AQ) ! SP

&ales Margin Volume Variance (Manufacturing Companies) A+sorption costin' = (5ud'eted Quantity sold Actual Quantity Sold) x 5ud'eted profit per unit = (5Q - AQ ) x 5ud'eted profit per unit Or = (5ud'eted Quantity sold Actual Quantity Sold) x Standard Profit #ar'in =(5ud'eted Quantity sold Actual Quantity Sold) x (standard sellin' price standard a+sorption cost per unit) = (5Q AQ) x SP# #ar'inal costin' =(5ud'eted Quantity sold Actual Quantity Sold) x contri+ution (ar'in per unit = (5Q - AQ ) x contri+ution (ar'in per unit Or = (5ud'eted Quantity sold Actual Quantity Sold) x Standard Contri+ution #ar'in = (5ud'eted Quantity sold Actual Quantity Sold) x (standard sellin' price standard .aria+le cost per unit) = (5Q AQ) x SC# Total &ales Margin Variance = Sales #ar'in Price $ariance % Sales #ar'in $olu(e $ariance A+sorption costin' = (5Q ! Standard profit per unit) (AQ x (AP Standard a+sorption costs per unit) Or = 5ud'eted Profit - (Actual Sales Standard a+sorption costs) #ar'inal costin' = (5Q ! Standard Contri+ution per unit) 2AQ x (AP Standard .aria+le costs per unit) 3 Or = 5ud'eted Contri+ution - (Actual Sales Standard .aria+le costs)