St.

Andrew’s Junior College

H2 Mathematics/JC1/2009

MSA Revision Package Solutions

Partial Fractions

3x + 1 3x + 1
1. =
2 x − x − 1 (2 x + 1)( x − 1)
2

A B
= +
2x +1 x −1
1
3(− ) + 1 3(1) + 1 4
2 1
Using Cover-Up Rule, A = = , B= =
1 3 2(1) + 1 3
− −1
2
.
3x + 1 1 1 4 
∴ 2 =  + 
2 x − x − 1 3  2 x + 1 x −1 

2 + 5 x + 15 x 2 A Bx + C
2. = +
(2 − x )(1 + 2 x ) 2 − x 1 + 2 x2
2

2 + 5(2) + 15(2) 2
Using Cover-Up Rule, A = = 8.
1 + 2(2) 2
2 + 5 x + 15 x 2 = A(1 + 2 x2 ) + ( Bx + C )(2 − x )
x = 0 : 2 = A + 2C ⇒ C = −3
x : 5 = 2B − C ⇒ B = 1
2 + 5 x + 15 x 2 8 x−3
∴ = +
(2 − x)(1 + 2 x ) 2 − x 1 + 2 x2
2

2 x2 − x + 1 A B C
3. = + 2+
x (1 − x)
2
x x 1− x
2(1) 2 − 1 + 1
Using Cover-Up Rule, C = =2
12
2 x 2 − x + 1 = Ax + B (1 − x) + Cx2
x 0 :1 = B
x : −1 = A − B ⇒ A = 0
2 x2 − x + 1 1 2
∴ 2 = 2+
x (1 − x) x 1− x

4.
3x 2 + 23x + 45 14 x + 45
= 3+
x( x + 3) x ( x + 3)
14 x + 45 A B
= +
x( x + 3) x x + 3

45 14(−3) + 45
Using Cover-Up Rule, A = = 15, B = = −1
3 −3
3 x 2 + 23 x + 45 15 1
∴ = 3+ − .
x ( x + 3) x x+3
5.
2 x 3 − x − 16 x
= 2−
x −8
3
( x − 2)( x + 2 x + 4)
2

x A Bx + C
= + 2
( x − 2)( x + 2 x + 4) x − 2 x + 2 x + 4
2

2 1
A= 2 =
2 + 2(2) + 4 6
x = A( x 2 + 2 x + 4) + ( Bx + C )( x − 2)
1
x = 0 : 0 = 4 A − 2C ⇒ C = 2 A =
Using Cover-Up Rule, 3
1
x2 : 0 = A + B ⇒ B = − A = −
6
2 x − x − 16
3
1 1 2− x 
∴ = 2−  + 2 
x −8
3
6  x − 2 x + 2x + 4 

6.
3x3 + 1 Ax + B Cx + D
= 2 +
( x + 1)
2 2
x + 1 ( x2 + 1)2
3 x 3 + 1 = ( Ax + B)( x2 + 1) + Cx + D
x3 : 3 = A
x2 : 0 = B
x : 0 = A + C ⇒ C = −3
x 0 :1 = B + D ⇒ D = 1
3x3 + 1 3x 1 − 3x
∴ = 2 + 2
( x + 1)
2 2
x + 1 ( x + 1)2

7.
2 x 3 + 5 x 2( x3 + 3 x + 1) − x − 2
=
x3 + 3x + 1 15 x + 17 Since ( x + 2) 2 ( x + 2)2
= x−4+
( x + 2) 2
( x + 2)2
15 x + 17 A B  x3 + 3x + 1  x+2
= + 2 −
( x + 2) 2
x + 2 ( x + 2)2 2 
=  ( x + 2)  ( x + 2)2
15 x + 17 = A( x + 2) + B
x = −2 :15(−2) + 17 = B ⇒ B = −13  15 13  1
= 2 x − 4 + − 2 
−
x = 0 :17 = 2 A + B ⇒ A = 15  x + 2 ( x + 2)  x + 2
x 3 + 3x + 1 15 13 29 26
∴ = x−4+ − = 2 ( x − 4) + −
( x + 2) 2
x + 2 ( x + 2)2 x + 2 ( x + 2) 2
 Trigonometry

. θ is obtuse, so cos θ and tan θ are both

negative.
. cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
cos 2 θ + x 2 = 1
cos 2 θ = 1 − x 2
cos θ = − 1 − x 2

sin θ x
. tan θ = =−
cos θ 1− x2

sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ

.
= −2 x 1 − x 2 7 sin( A − B ) = 5 sin( A + B )

7 sin A cos B −7 sin B cos A

cos 2θ = cos θ − sin θ
2 2
=5 sin A cos B +5 sin B cos A
. =1 − x − x2 2

2 sin A cos B =12 sin B cos A

=1 − 2x 2

tan A = 6 tan B
1 + cos x
. RHS = h=6
csc x + cot x + tan x
sin x − cos x −1
=
( sin x cos x )(1 + cos x ) RHS =
1 − cos x − sin x
cos x + cos 2 x + sin 2 x
x x  x 
=
( sin x cos x )(1 + cos x ) 2 sin
2
cos −  2 cos 2 − 1 − 1
2  2
= 
cos x + 1
 x  x x
1 − 1 − 2 sin 2  − 2 sin cos
 2 2 2
= sin x cos x = LHS

x x x
2 sin cos − 2 cos 2
tan x − cot x = 2 2 2
. RHS =
sec x − csc x 2 x x x
2 sin − 2 sin cos
2 2 2
sin 2 x − cos 2 x
=
sin x − cos x x x x
2 cos  sin − cos 
2 2 2
=
=
( sin x − cos x )( sin x + cos x ) x x x
2 sin  sin − cos 
sin x − cos x 2 2 2

= sin x +cos x

x
. 3 solutions cos
= 2
x
sin
2
 x 2 sin A cos A
2 cos 2 =
= 2 cos 2 A + sin 2 A
x x
2 sin cos
2 2 sin 2 A
=
1
x
2 cos 2 −1 +1
2 = sin 2 A = LHS
=
sin x

cos x +1
= = LHS
sin x

2 tan A
. RHS =
1 + tan 2 A

. LHS = cos 4 A = 1 − 2 sin 2

2A

= 1 − 2( sin 2 A)
2

= 1 − 2( 2 sin A cos A)
2

= 1 − 8 sin 2 A cos 2 A

= 1 − 8 sin 2 A(1 − sin 2 A)

= 8 sin 4 A − 8 sin 2 A +1 = RHS

. LHS = sin 3 x + sin 6 x − sin 9 x

= sin 3x + 2 sin 3 x cos 3 x − sin 3 x cos 6 x − sin 6 x cos 3 x

( )
= sin 3 x + 2 sin 3 x cos 3 x − sin 3 x 2 cos 2 3 x −1 − 2 sin 3 x cos 2 3 x

(
= sin 3 x 1 + 2 cos 3 x − 2 cos 2 3 x +1 − 2 cos 2 3 x )
(
= sin 3 x 2 + 2 cos 3 x − 4 cos 2 3 x )
(
= 2 sin 3 x 1 + cos 3 x − 2 cos 2 3 x )
= 2 sin 3 x(1 − cos 3 x )(1 + 2 cos 3 x ) = RHS

sin 3 x + sin 6 x = sin 9 x

sin 3 x + sin 6 x − sin 9 x = 0

2 sin 3 x(1 − cos 3 x )(1 + 2 cos 3 x ) = 0

 sin 3 x = 0 or 1 − cos 3 x = 0 or 1 + 2 cos 3 x = 0
 π 2π   2π   2π 4π 8π 
x = 0, , ,π  x = 0,  x= , , 
 3 3   3  9 9 9 

 2π π 4π 2π 8π 
So the solution set is x = 0, , , , , ,π 
 9 3 9 3 9 

0.
a. PS = 2 sin θ + cos θ

b. 2 sin θ + cos θ = R cos (θ − α ) where R is positive and α is acute

2 sin θ + cos θ = R cos θ cos α + R sin θ sin α

Comparing the two terms, we see that

R cos α = 1 and R sin α = 2

So, R 2 cos 2 α + R 2 sin 2 α = 12 + 2 2

R 2 ( cos 2 α + sin 2 α ) = 5

R2 = 5

R= 5

c. The maximum value of cosine is 1, hence, the maximum value for 5 cos (θ − 63 .4°) = 5
This maximum value is at θ − 63 .4° = 0 , so θ = 63 .4°

d. 2.15 = 5 cos (θ −63 .4°)

2.15
θ = cos −1 + 63 .4° ≈ 79 .4°
5
Number Systems, Surds & Indices

Solutions
1)   
 2 + 2 − 2  2 − 2− 2 
  

= ( 2 + 2− 2 )( 2 − 2− 2 )
= 2− 2− 2 ( )
=42
2 2

(
 10 + 51 −
 ) ( )10 − 51 

= 10 + 51 − 2 ( 10 + 51 ) ( 10 − )
51 + 10 − 51

= 20 − 2 ( 10 + 51 ) ( 10 − 51 )

= 20 − 2 (100 − 51)
=6
3 1
125 + 175 − 28 +
20
1
= 5 5 +5 7 −2 7 +
2 5
1
= 5 5 +3 7 + 5
10
51
= 5 +3 7
10
4 2 5+ 2 2 5+ 2 5+ 2
= g
5− 2 5− 2 5+ 2
10 + 10 + 2 10 + 2
=
5−2
12 + 3 10
=
3
= 4 + 10
∴ a = 4, b = 10
5(i) 2 log
log 1) (2
x +(2
(2 x(2+1) x+x +4)4)
2
−−log
log(2(2xx++1)1) 44== 22
(2 x + 4) 2
log (2 x +1) =2
4
(2 x + 4) 2
= (2 x + 1) 2
4
4 x + 16 x + 16
2
= 4 x2 + 4x + 1
4
3x 2 − 3 = 0
3( x + 1)( x − 1) = 0
x = 1 or -1
 Check: When x = -1 , the base of the logarithmic becomes negative,
therefore we reject this solution.
∴ Solution set = { x ∈ ¡ : x = 1}
5(ii) 5(8e 2 x − 3)3 = 625
(8e 2 x − 3)3 = 125
8e 2 x − 3 = 5
e2 x = 1
2 x = ln1
x=0
∴ Solution set = { x ∈ ¡ : x = 0}