Animal Nutrition

Unit 5: Feed, Nutrition and Digestion Lesson 2: Ration Components

and Calculating Calories

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Classify this. . .

Roughages
Hay

Concentrates
Corn

Supplements
Salt Block

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ROUGHAGES
High in fiber and relatively low in digestible nutrients
Examples of roughages: 1. Alfalfa 2. Clover 3. Soybean 4. Oat hay 5. Corn Silage

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Concentrates
Are

low in fiber and high in digestible nutrients

Examples of concentrates: 1. Corn 2. Cottonseed 3. Barley 4. Oats 5. Sorghum

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Supplements
Supplements

are extras that supply the body with additional nutrients.

Some supplements are minerals, salt, copper,

iodine and iron Vitamin A and D are also very important to ruminant animals

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Salt

Copper

Iron

What is Nutrition?
Nutrition is the science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body processes which transform food into body tissues and energy.

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To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs and convert them to desirable products such as meat, milk, eggs, fiber and work.

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What is a Nutrient?
A single class of food or group of like foods that aids in the support of life and makes it possible for animals to grow or provide energy for physiological processes.

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Digestible Nutrient
The portion of the nutrient which may be broken down (digested) and absorbed and used by the body.

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The Six Nutrients Needed

Protein Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Vitamins Water

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Proteins
Needed for growth and repair Helps form muscles, internal organs, skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and horns Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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Protein is essential for normal growth, development and milk production. Animal digestion breaks down protein to form amino acid to be used by the animal for normal body function. Protein deficiencies in animals hinders growth. Protein is also an energy source

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Examples of Proteins
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Meat and Bone Meal Fish Meal Soybean Meal Cottonseed Meal Dried Skim Milk Amino Acids

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Carbohydrates
Furnish energy for body functions, growth and reproduction The largest part of the animals food supply and usually the fibrous part of the diet Include sugars, starch and cellulose Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

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Grains are a major component of feed concentrates-can be mixed with dense components to make up feed rations. Crude fiber is an indigestible carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are essential to provide the energy requirements for normal growth, milk production and reproduction.

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Carbohydrate Examples
Sorghum Oats Wheat Corn Alfalfa Barley Beet pulp

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Fats
Found in every cell in the body Affect the condition of skin and hair Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but contain much larger proportions of carbon and hydrogen than carbohydrates do They also provide energy reserves, protection for vital organs, and they insulate the body Fats provide more than twice the energy of carbohydrates

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Fat Examples
Seeds Grain

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Minerals
Primarily found in bones and teeth Important in blood for the carrying of oxygen Regulates heartbeat with potassium, sodium and calcium

Example: Calcium Formation 2/20/2014 Found in rocks

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Major Minerals:
Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Potassium Sodium Chloride

Micro-minerals:
Iron Copper Zinc Iodine

Minerals are essential for various life processes.

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Vitamins
Are only needed in small amounts Are essential for life and health Provide a defense against disease, promote growth and reproduction Contribute to the general health of the animal

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2 classes of vitamins
Fat soluble-body stores
Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Water soluble-must be synthesized/ supplied in the feed

Vitamin B Vitamin C

Vitamins function in normal growth , development and maintenance of the animal body, as well as reproduction and lactation
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Vitamin Examples
Vitamin A-Green plants and supplements Vitamin B-Supplement b-12-found only in animal products Vitamin C-Green roughages Vitamin D-Sunlight

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WATER
Accounts for 70% or more of the

composition of most plants and animals

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Essential to sustain life for proper body function of animals. Need for water increases with high temperatures, exertion, and lactation.

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Ticket out the door

How much water does an animal need per pound of solid feed? What are the two classifications of vitamins? What are the two groups of minerals? Minerals are essential for what life process? What are two groups of carbohydrates?

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