seosa . 6.

Hoir uennek: hapymeue

soccauosneue uennekyansuo
qeensuoc.














V.: pocseaeuue A0 /+e. nut., 1995.304 cISBN 5-09-004989-0.
Kar uapyaatc uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte +enosera, repeuecaero +eperuo-nosrosyk tpasny, orepauu) ua nosre unu uucynet? Karunu netoqanu
nouo roctasute to+uMu ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu quaruos uapyaeuu? C rarunu souanu nosra u rar cssau qeert uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu? Kar
uautu nexauusn (rpu+uuy) uapyaeuu? | uaroue, rar rpeoqonete qeert u socctauosute uutennertyaneuyk qeteneuocte y +enosera, repeuecaero
ropaeuue nosra? la atu u pq qpyrux sorpocos +utatene uauqet otset, rpo+utas aty ruury.
pequasua+eua auporony rpyry creuanuctos qeertonoran u nororeqan, rcuxonoran u ueuporcuxonoran, rperoqasatenn u ctyqeutan, uay+uMn
u rpartu+ecrun paotuuran.


3+,|, voev,, pod+ov, u nsuvov, /+dpes eem|oe, noce+(as
0T A8T0PA
n+menne|m (ot natuucroro intellectus rouunauue, rosuauue) s auporon cnMcne cosoryruocte scex
rosuasateneuMx yuruu uuqusuqa: ot oayaeuuu u socrputu qo nManeuu u soopaeuu; s onee ysron
cnMcne nManeuue.
|utennert ocuosua opna rosuauu +enoseron qeuctsuteneuoctu
1
. 3to orpeqeneuue uutennerta
rpuuto s cospeneuuou ote+ectseuuou rcuxonoruu.
8 uactoaeu paote astop yqet rouunate roq uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctek rpeqe scero nManeuue,
uo nManeuue ue rar rcuxu+ecruu rpoecc, ooconeuuMu ot sceu rcuxu+ecrou cepM +enosera, a, uaoopot,
rar srnk+euuMu s ero rosuasateneuyk qeteneuocte.
8 eutpe suunauu astopa, rar ueuporcuxonora, yqyt uapyaeuu nosrosMx ocuos nManeuu, usy+euue ponu-
nosra s opnuposauuu, rpoterauuu, uapyaeuuu u socctauosneuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
+enose+ecruu nosr natepuaneuMu cyctpat nManeuu, u s aton cnMcne nManeuue rpeqctasnet coou
ectectseuuMu rpoecc, uo ouo ue cyaectsyet sue +enosera u sue oaectsa. +enoser ctauosutc cyerton
nManeuu tonero naroqap osnaqeuuk un scenu uarorneuuMnu +enose+ectson suauunu u crocoanu
nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu.
leoxoqun cuctenuMu auanus +enose+ecrou qeteneuoctu, rotopMu oquospeneuuo snetc tare u
royposuesMn. |neuuo tarou auanus rossonet rpeoqonete rpotusoroctasneuue usuonoru+ecroro u
ueuporcuxonoru+ecroro, rcuxonoru+ecroro u couaneuoro, tar e rar u cseqeuue oquoro r qpyrony
2
. oatony
ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu auanus uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra
s uactoaeu paote tecuo cssau c oaercuxonoru+ecrun auanuson qeerta qeteneuoctu.
CospeneuuMe uay+uMe suauu o nosre u ero ponu s rcuxure +enosera rossonkt rosopute o ton, +to eqsa nu
ue qse tpetu nosrosou ropM ee stopu+uMe u tpetu+uMe souM rpuuunakt uerocpeqctseuuoe y+actue s
oprauusauu cnouMx opn rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu. pu+en ux ropaeuue seqet, rar rucan A. P. ypu,
ue r uapyaeuuk +ysctsuteneuoctu u qsueuuu, touyca u penertopuou cepM, a r desopca+usa(uu
cos+amene+ou de+mene+ocmu venoee|a, rpuuunakaeu pasnu+uMe opnM s sasucunoctu ot pacronoeuu u

1
cuxonoru+ecruu cnosape/oq peq. 8- 8. asMqosa.V., 1983.C- 136.
2
Cn.: eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte. V., 1975.123.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
pasnepa ratonoru+ecroro o+ara.
oatony uccneqosauue ponu atux onacteu nosra s rpoterauuu u uapyaeuuu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu,
ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu auanus ux csseu c cosuateneuou qeteneuoctek +enosera snktc +pessM+auuo
sauMnu ua rytu peaeuu enoro pqa sorpocos, sxoqaux s eutpaneuyk rponeny nosr u rcuxura.
0te+ectseuua ueuporcuxonoru, ocuosoronouuron rotopou snetc auporo ussectuMu rpyrueuauu
rcuxonor, ueuporcuxonor u spa+ A. P. ypu, rpuuuruaneuo otnu+aetc ot anepuraucrou u
saraquoesporeucrou ueuporcuxonoruu u rnuuu+ecrou rcuxonoruu. n uee xapartepua uarpasneuuocte ue ua
uccneqosauue uapyaeuuu otqeneuo sstMx rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, a ua uccneqosauue +enosera. |ccneqy
uapyaeuu 81 (sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu), ueuporcuxonoru paccnatpusaet ratonoruk nkoro rcuxu-
+ecroro sneuu s qsyx ssaunocssauuMx rnauax narpo- u nurpocuctenuon. larpunep, uapyaeuu
nManeuu, c oquou ctopouM, ato rpeqe scero rposneuue narpocuctenuMx uapyaeuuu, t. e. uapyaeuuu
ro+tu scex rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, ua+uua ot rosuasateneuMx u rou+a aertusuo-notusauouuMnu
(anououaneuo-sonesMnu). 0quaro s rourpetuon nurpocuctenuon rnaue nManeuue ato rpoecc,
crnaqMsakauuc us peaneuMx qeuctsuu u orepauu u uapyaakauuc rar peaneua qeteneuocte ua ore-
pauouaneuon yposue. 8 aton cnMcne nManeuue ecte rpoecc uccneqosauu rponenuMx cutyauu u
peaeuu orpeqeneuuMx saqa+.
leuporcuxonoru snetc ue tonero auanutu+ecrou, uo u uu-terpatusuou uayrou o +enosere, rotopa ue
orpauu+usaetc usy+euuen nuo ueupouonoru+ecroro, nosrosoro, nuo rcuxonoru+ecroro rnacta rcuxu+ecroro
sneuu. 0ua usy+aet sce tpu rnacta nkoro rcuxu+ecroro sneuu uonoru+ecruu, rcuxonoru+ecruu u
couaneuMu. | ato routuo, rocronery qae nu+uocte +enosera, rasanoce M coscen sueuonoru+ecroe
sneuue, ten ue neuee qonua paccnatpusatec crsose rpusny scex atux tpex rnactos. 8eqe ussectuo, +to
opnuposauue, passutue u uapyaeuue nu+uoctu rpoteraet c y+actuen ue tonero rcuxonoru+ecrux u
couaneuMx, uo u uonoru+ecrux artopos (s ton +ucne nosra), ten onee ato rpasuneuo u qn qpyrux
rcuxu+ecrux sneuuu.
ocronery raqa uayra uapqy c yuqaneutaneuMnu, oaeuay+uMnu rateropunu orepupyet cuctenou
coctseuuMx oaux u creuaneuMx rateropuu, to ectectseuuo, +to ueuporcuxonoru qenaet oneauu areut
ua uccneqosauux nosrosMx nexauusnos uapyaeuuu 81, orupace rpu aton ua ux cuctenuMu auanus,
srnk+akauu sce tpu rnacta uonoru+ecruu, rcuxonoru+ecruu u couaneuMu. 3to ue qaue noqe unu rarun-
nuo qpyrun seuun, a ato ecte rouunauue uctuuuoro ronoeuu seaeu, rposneuue uay+uoro r uun
roqxoqa. 8eqe ussectuo, +to yuqaneuton u uocutenen rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos snktc usuonoru+ecrue
rpoeccM, a yuqaneuton u uocutenen usuonoru+ecrux rpoeccos nosr. lo seqe rcuxura +enosera
opnupyetc u peanusyetc tare s couyne, s oaectse. 3tu tpu rnacta, crsose rotopMe rpoxoqut nkoe
rcuxu+ecroe sneuue u s opnuposauuu, u s rpoterauuu, u s ratonoruu, ssaunoqeuctsykt. +toM route
rpupoqy u nexauusnM uapyaeuu 4 u rytu ux rpeoqoneuu, ueuporcuxonory ueoxoqunM sce atu suauu.
8ot ro+eny nypuescra ueuporcuxonoru tar rnyoro u auporo cssaua c rcuxonorueu, usuonorueu u
qpyrunu uayranu. |sy+euue ponu atux acrertos s ratonoruu 81 u rpeoqoneuuu ux uapyaeuuu, u snetc
oquun us uarpasneuuu qaneueuaero passutu ueuporcuxonoruu.
pedvemov +euponcuxonocuu s otnu+ue ot pqa uayr o +enosere, rotopMe orpauu+usaktc oquun rarun-nuo
acrerton: usuonoru+ecrun (nequuua, usuonoru u qp.), rcuxonoru+ecrun (rcuxonoru), couaneuMn
(couaneua rcuxonoru, couonoru u qp.), snetc u+mecpamue+oe us,ve+ue namonocuu 31 venoee|a s
routercte ero nu+uoctu u cosuateneuou qeteneuoctu s oaectse, sosuurakaeu (ratonoruu) ro rpu+uue
saonesauuu nosra.
Ectectseuuo, +to u netoqM tarou uayru qonuM cootsetctsosate ee ucxoquou netoqonoruu u teopuu. | s atou
+actu nypuescra ueuporcuxonoru tare otnu+aetc ot ussectuMx sapyeuMx netoqos rnuuu+ecrou
rcuxonoruu u ueuporcuxonoruu, rotopMe rar s ueqasuen rpoanon, tar so nuorux ctpauax u s uactoaee spen
Mnu uarpasneuM ue ctonero ua ra+ectseuuMu auanus qeerta, ero rpupoqM u nexauusnos, ckonsko ua ero
otpaeuue s ctauqaptuMx rcuxonoru+ecrux tectax. A. P. ypu rucan o tectax 6uue, 6uueTepneua u qpyrux,
+to, repeueceuuMe s oneauuctse cny+aes us oaeu rcuxonoruu, atu tectM ctasunu csoeu roue+uou saqa+eu
ue rsanuurauk cunrtona, a ero ronu+ectseuuoe usnepeuue. 8 pqe cny+aes atu tectM uocunu xapartep
aran, unu rpouneu,.rotopMe srnk+anu rpuenM usnepeuu rar otqeneuMx aneneutapuMx crocouocteu,
tar u tarux cnouMx suqos rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu, rar pe+esMe rpoeccM, c+et u t. q. oqouMe cnouMe
suqM qeteneuoctu ryten atux netoqos ue auanusuposanuce, a cosqasanuce nuae aranM, unu rpounu
(uarpunep, aranM 8ercnepa u qp.). Tot e roqxoq ouapyusaetc u s cospeneuuou anepuraucrou
ueuporcuxonoruu. Vuorue netoqM, ucronesyenMe s ueuporcuxonoruu qn uccneqosauu usneueuuu s
rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccax, sosuurakaux rpu o+arosMx ropaeuux nosra, tare ue otse+akt saqa+an rnyororo
ra+ectseuuoro auanusa u rsanuurauu cunrtona. Tarou roqxoq r rcuxonoru+ecrony u
ueuporcuxonoru+ecrony uccneqosauun ectectseuuo ue noet rpuuectu oneaou ronesM uu teopuu, uu
rparture.
leuporcuxonoru, ocuosauua A. P. ypu, uqet rpuuuruaneuo uuMn ryten. eutp tectu repeuocutc ua
uccneqosauue canoro oneuoro, ua usy+euue rpupoqM, nexauusnos u ctpyrtypM qeerta, ero ssaunocssu co
sceu rcuxu+ecrou cepou +enosera c y+eton ero nu+uoctu u t. q. Tarou netoqonoru+ecruu u netoqu+ecruu
roqxoq teopetu+ecru oocuosau u ucxoqut us rpeqctasneuuu o yuruouaneuou u cuctenuou oprauusauu
nosra u cosuateneuou rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu +enosera, o yuruouaneuou cuctene rar rcuxo-
usuonoru+ecrou ocuose 81 u yuruouaneuMx oprauax, rotopMe opnupyktc ua ux ocuose s rnacte
81. leuporcuxonoru+ecruu arcrepuneut s aton cny+ae snetc ue ctauqaptuou rpoeqypou, a uocut
xapartep quuanu+ecroro paccyqakaero uccneqosauu, s rpoecce rotoporo ueuporcuxonoron rocneqosa-
teneuo sMcrasMsaktc u rposepktc aspuctu+ecrue rurotesM, sM+neuktc artopM, neaaue s ocuose
qeerta, ouapyusaktc uapyaeuuMe sseue s ctpyrtype qeertuoro rcuxu+ecroro rpoecca, uccneqyktc
cssu atoro qeerta rar ro ropusoutanu, tar u ro septuranu.
8 aton rnk+e rposeqeua u uactoaa paota. 8 arcrepuneute nM yqennu oneaoe suunauue netoquran, ux
teopetu+ecrony oocuosauuk u uarpasneuuoctu ua sMsneuue rpupoqM u nexauusnos "uapyaeuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, sasucunoctu atux uapyaeuuu ot ropaeuuMx sou nosra, ua sMsneuue
narpo- u nurpocuctenM, s rotopyk srnk+eu ouapyeuuMu qeert. oatony u cano roctpoeuue
arcrepuneuta, u auanus ero pesynetatos uocut xapartep du+avuvec|oco pacc,de+u+, rotopMu, nM xotun
uaqetec, u rossonun uan rpouuruyte s rpupoqy, nexauusnM uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, s
ux sasucunocte ot toruru ropaeuu', s ux uutunuyk csse, c oquou ctopouM, c nosron, a c qpyrou c
rcuxu+ecrunu rpoeccanu. VM rorMtanuce uautu u tot oaercuxonoru+ecruu routerct, s rotopon sMctyraet
ratonoru rourpetuMx suqos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
Vatepuan, ucronesyenMu s ruure, rpeqctasnet coou nuoronetukk coctseuuyk arcrepuneutaneuyk paoty
astopa. 3rcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan copau qsyn rytnu. epeeu n,me ato qnuteneuoe
ueuporcuxonoru+ecroe ocneqosauue oneuMx c noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra u c uapyaeuunu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. Tarun ryten Mno ocneqosauo oneaoe +ucno oneuMx (onee 100).
3mopou n,me usy+euu uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ato ryte roctauosru creuaneuMx
arcrepuneutos, s rotopMx uccneqosanuce pasuMe sorpocM, racakauec u nosrosMx ocuos uapyaeuuu
uutennerta, u nexauusnos u ctpyrtypM qeerta, u rponenM sasucunoctu rocnequux ot toruru ropaeuu
nosra u t. q. 8 arcrepuneutaneuMx uccneqosauux rpuunu y+actue onee 50 oneuMx,
Tarun opason, ata ruura snetc utoron nuoronetueu uccneqosatenecrou paotM astopa uaq rponenou
uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.
F rpuuoay cepqe+uyk u rnyoryk naroqapuocte scen noun Msaun y+euuran u cotpyquuran, rpuuunasaun
y+actue s pasuoe spen u s pasuou opne (qurnonuMe, qucceptauouuMe, uay+uo-rpartu+ecrue suqM
uccneqosauuu u qp.) s cosnectuou co nuou arcrepuneutaneuou u rnuuu+ecrou paote, +acte natepuana roto-
pou soana s aty ruury: ueuporcuxonoran C. K. Cusonarosy,
l. l. Kanute , l. V. Mnaesou, Pyucy yucy 0nuse, A. A. Mrauor, l. A. Axnetosou, l. l. Ceneuosou, V. K+ru,
l. l. onoucrou, C. T. Cocuoscrou, yucy Kuutauapy-Poxac, A. lou+aposou, K. Ctouosou, V. C. Ctpeneuuou,
0. A. lou+aposy u qp.
puuoay cepqe+uyk naroqapuocte ussectuMn rcuxonoran sa rnyoroe auanutu+ecroe rpo+teuue noeu ruuru
u sa te sane+auu, paota uaq rotopMnu rossonuna ee yny+aute: araqenuran 8. 8. asMqosy u 8: .
8uu+euro, rpoeccopan 0. K. Tuxonuposy u V. C. Lextepy, qoeutan l. K. Kopcarosou u 0. l. /cauosou u qp.
Cepqe+uyk u rnyoryk naroqapuocte rpuuoay nercuraucrun ueuporcuxonoran us yuusepcutetos r. ys6na,
Koypuasary, Vexuro, Voutepeu u qp., cnyaatenn noux neruu, s ocuosy rotopMx Mn ronoeu natepuan atou
ruuru. |x rnyoruu uutepec u sorpocM ronornu nue yto+uute u ocnMcnute nuorue acrertM so ruuru.
| cana cepqe+ua naroqapuocte noeu cenee ux +ytrocte, suunauue u kose ronoranu nue ua
rpoteuuu scero speneuu paotM uaq ruurou.
. 0. eem|oea
seqeue. 6hX00|hP HbUEhhP
Cospeneuua rcuxonoru paccnatpusaet uutennertyaneuyk qeteneuocte rar cosoryruocte scex
rosuasateneuMx rpoeccos +enosera ot omymeu u socrputu qo nManeuu u soopaeuu.
cuxonoru+ecra cyauocte u rpupoqa uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu usy+eua qanero ue qoctato+uo, xot,
rar ussectuo, nuorue rpyrueuaue sapyeuMe (A. 6uue. X. uae, +. Crupneu, P. Katten u qp.) u
ote+ectseuuMe uccneqosatenu (. C. 8Mrotcruu, A. l. eoutees, A. P. ypu, . F. lanerepuu, 6. V. Ternos, 6.
l. Auauees, A. 8. 6pyanuucruu, . A. AuMeposa, 0. K- Tuxonupos u qp.) sauunanuce u rpoqonakt paotate
uaq pasnu+uMnu acrertanu u coctasnkaunu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
puuuruaneuMn qn ote+ectseuuou uayru snetc roqxoq r uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu +enosera, u s
+actuoctu r nManeuuk, ue rar r ueroeny actpartuony sneuuk,ue rar r tonero uonoru+ecrony
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
opasosauuk, a rar r rcuxonoru+ecrony sneuuk (opasosauuk), sosuuraeny ua ocuose u s pesynetate
oaectseuuo-uctopu+ecroro passutu, s rpoecce eneuarpasneuuou qeteneuoctu, s ton +ucne u tpyqosou.
A. l. eoutees, oquu us rpyrueuaux rcuxonoros, rucan, +to ecnu ua scen rpoteuuu usotuoro nupa tenu
oaunu sarouanu, rotopMn roq+uunuce sarouM passutu rcuxuru, Mnu sarouM uonoru+ecrou asonkuu, to
c repexoqon r +enosery passutue rcuxuru ua+uuaet roq+uutec sarouan oaectseuuo-uctopu+ecroro
passutu
1
.
lnasua ocoeuuocte +enose+ecrou rcuxuru sarnk+aetc s ton, +to oua opnupyetc u passusaetc ue s
ropqre rposneuu spoqeuuMx crocouocteu u ue rar rpucroconeuue uacneqctseuuoro suqosoro
roseqeuu r cpeqe, a rpeqctasnet coou rpoqyrt rpucsoeuu oaectseuuo-uctopu+ecroro orMta, orMta
rpeqaectsyaux roroneuuu nkqeu. ...KaqMu otqeneuMu +enoser ,vumc+ Mte +enoseron. +toM ute s
oaectse, eny ueqoctato+uo toro, +to eny qaet rpupoqa rpu ero poqeuuu. 0u qoneu eae osnaqete ten, +to
Mno qocturuyto s rpoecce uctopu+ecroro passutu +enose+ecroro oaectsa
2
.
cuxonoru uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, u rpeqe scero nManeuu, uneet qnuteneuyk uctopuk. onroe
spen nManeuue ue snnoce rpeqneton to+uoro arcrepuneutaneuoro rcuxonoru+ecroro uccneqosauu, a
Mno cropee pasqenon unocouu u noruru. 3ta csse rcuxonoruu c norurou, unocoueu ot+etnuso rpo-
snetc s uctopuu rcuxonoru+ecroro y+euu o nManeuuu.
8 uctopuu passutu y+euuu o nManeuuu Mno uenano uay+uMx aron u roueruu. VM rpatro octauosunc
nuae ua uerotopMx us uux, ua tex, rotopMe octasunu sua+uteneuMu cneq s uctopuu, a uerotopMe us uux
rorynpuM u s uaae spen.
Ctonetue uasaq rpeqctasneuu o nManeuuu uc+eprMsanuce nuae uqenu o nManeuuu rar rpoecce
ronuuuposauu accouauu pasnu+uou cnouoctu. n acco(ua+ucmc|ou ncuxonocuu (. laptnu, .
puctnu, 8. 8yuqt u qp.) Mno xapartepuo paccnatpusauue scex rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos rar roq+uukauxc
sarouan accouauu u cseqeuue scex opasosauuu cosuauu r aneneutapuMn +ysctseuuMn rpeqctasneuun,
oequueuuMn ua ocuose accouauu s ronrnercM. Coqepateneua ctopoua nManeuu, can ero rpeqnet
octasanuce ua +ysctseuuo-opasuon, repertusuon yposue. outu ouu otoqectsnnu c rpeqctasneuuen,
cyqeuue paccnatpusanu tare rar accouauk rpeqctasneuuu, a ynosarnk+euue rar accouauk qsyx
cyqeuuu c tpeteun {. kn). Accouatusua teopu csoqut coqepauue nMcnu r +ysctseuuMn aneneutan
oayaeuuu, r sarouonepuoctu rpoterauu accouauu. oatony rpeqctasutenu atoro uarpasneuu s
rcuxonoruu ue suqenu ueoxoqunoctu creuaneuo uccneqosate nManeuue. Accouauuct-crue yrpoaeuuMe
rpeqctasneuu o nManeuuu rpuanu r rpusucy u Mnu otsepruytM s ua+ane XX sera 3sp(,pcc|ou a|onou (0.
Kknere, l. Ax, K. 6knep, 0. 8ene u qp.). |x sacnyrou Mno to, +to ouu ronounu ua+ano ^cuctenatu+ecrony
usy+euuk rcuxonoruu nManeuu. 8 rpotusosec nexauuusny accouauuctcrou aronM, rotopa csoquna
nMcnuteneuMe rpoeccM r nexauu+ecrony cerneuuk rpeqctasneuuu, rpeqctasutenu 8kpyprcrou aronM
roq+epruynu yropqo+euuMu u uarpasneuuMu xapartep nManeuu u srepsMe sMsunu sua+euue saqa+u s
ctpyrtype nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca. lo nexauuctu+ecrou tpartosre nManeuu rpeqctasuteneu
accouatusuou rcuxonoruu 8kpyprcra arona rpotusoroctasuna teneonoru+ecryk roueruk
qetepnuuupykaux teuqeuuu (l. Ax), rotopMe uarpasnkt accouatusuMe rpoeccM r enu. Kpone toro, s
rpotusosec nexauuusny u ceucyanusny accouauuctos ouu paccnatpusanu nManeuue rar +uctoe,
esopasuoe, t. e. ouu c+utanu, +to nManeuue sarnk+aetc s uerocpeqctseuuon ycnotpeuuu otuoaeuuu
u ue srnk+aet s csou coctas uu opasos, uu cnosecuMx ronroueutos.
le ny+aun opason peaanu rponeny nManeuu u rpeqctasutenu ceama+emncuxonocuu, rpuaeqaeu ua
cneuy 8kpyprcrou arone (8. Kenep, V. 8eptreunep, K. Kora, K. yurep), rotopMe suqenu s
nMcnuteneuon arte tonero ctpyrtypuMe sarouM ero
rpoterauu ro rpuuury enoctuoctu u rperuautuoctu. VManeuue s ux rpeqctasneuux ato
ycnotpeuue (roctueuue) s otpaeuuMx opnax peaneuMx teuqeuuu u sosnouocteu otpaaenoro, rotopMe
orpeqenktc enoctuoctek cutyauu. Kenep, oquu us sMqakauxc rpeqctasuteneu atou aronM, c+utan, +to
rpoecc nManeuu ato ecte rpoecc uerpepMsuoro ssaunoqeuctsu rosuakaero, nMcnaero cyerta c
saqa+eu (oerton). 8auMn u secena ronouteneuMn s ero y+euuu Mn srepsMe sMqsuuytMu tesuc o
rouunauuu s rpoecce nManeuu, o sauou ponu qoraqru. 3tot tesuc o rouunauuu s rpoecce nManeuu
ouapyusaet csok rcuxonoru+ecryk peaneuocte rpu ueuporcuxo-noru+ecron auanuse uapyaeuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s pesynetate noraneuMx ropaeuuu nosra. lan sauo ato sqece otnetute,
tar rar uue nM opatunc r atony ronoeuuk. K. yurep, qpyrou rpeqctasutene atou aronM, c+utan, +to
rnasuoe sarnk+aetc s ton, +to nManeuue xapartepusyetc uanu+uen rponenuou cutyauu.
8 enon qn scex atux roueruu (u pqa qpyrux) snetc

1
Cn.: eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru. V., 1981
2
Tan e,C. 417.
xapartepuMn otras nManeuuk' s.ero csoeopasuu, cseqeuue ero nuo r accouaun, nuo r ctpyrtypuMn
enoctuMn rpoeccan, nuo r uay+euuk (6. Cruuuep) u t. q.
8 uactoaee spen s ote+ectseuuMx y+euux o rcuxonoruu nManeuu rpousoanu oneaue usneueuu.
Cospeneuua ote+ectseuua uayra paccnatpusaet nManeuue rar rpoqyrt oaectseuuo-uctopu+ecroro
passutu, rar ocoyk teopetu+ecryk qeteneuocte +enosera, tecuo cssauuyk c rpartu+ecrou. CospeneuuMe
reuetu+ecrue uccneqosauu otrpMnu eccropuMu art cyaectsosauue rpoeccos nManeuu, rpoterakaux
tare u s opne sueaueu qeteneuoctu c natepuaneuMnu rpeqnetanu. VMcnuteneuMe rpoeccM ctanu
paccnatpusatec rar pesynetat rpeopasosauu sueaueu rpartu+ecrou qeteneuoctu so suytpeuukk,
uqeaneuyk qeteneuocte.
8 atou uosou roueruu rcuxonoruu nManeuu Mno, uaroue, rpeoqoneuo aconktuoe rpotusoroctasneuue
cyerta u oerta rosuauu, suytpeuuero u sueauero rpeqnetuoro nupa. VManeuue ctano paccnatpusatec
rar eneuarpasneuuMu rpoecc, t. e. rpoecc uqeaneuoro rpeopasosauu crocoos rpeqnetuo-+ysctseuuou
qeteneuoctu, crocoos enecoopasuoro otuoaeuu r orpyakaeu qeuctsuteneuoctu. 0uo opnupyet
canoro cyerta u sce ero rcuxu+ecrue crocouoctu naroqap tony, +to ouo snetc oquou us saueuaux
ctopou qeteneuoctu +enosera, a uneuuo eneopasykaeu u enecoopasuou. 8 ote+ectseuuMx
uccneqosauux roq+eprusaetc nu+uoctuMu acrert s rpoecce nManeuu, pone notusauu s ero rpoterauuu:
u nu+uocte, u notusau paccnatpusaktc rar suytpeuuee ycnosue rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu, a tare rar
cyaectseuuoe sseuo s cuctene auanusa rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu, s ton +ucne u nManeuu.
3tot rpuuuruaneuMu cqsur s rcuxonoru+ecron usy+euuu nManeuu Mn cqenau naroqap repexoqy r
auanusy ocuosuMx cpeqcts nManeuu, ero quuanu+ecrux ctpyrtyp, sMsnkauxc rpu paccnotpeuuu
nManeuu rar sepotuoctuoro rpoecca. 8Mqakauuc rcuxonor . C. 8Mrotcruu s 30-x roqax uaaero ctonetu
rucan, +to ocuosy nMcnuteneuoro arta coctasnkt rpoeccM auanusa u cuutesa, actparuu u ooaeuu u
+to creuu+ecrun coqepauuen nManeuu snetc routue, ocuosy rotoporo coctasnet sua+euue cnosa,
snkaeec ocuosuMn opyquen nManeuu.
8 uactoaee spen s ote+ectseuuou rcuxonoruu uccneqosauue nManeuu u ero ratonoruu, sosuurakaeu rpu
ropaeuuu nosra, rposoqutc s pycne roueruu qeteneuoctu, paspaotauuou A. l. eouteesMn, u
nManeuue ctano paccnatpusatec rar ocoMu suq rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu. +enose+ecra
qeteneuocte s aton y+euuu auanusupyetc rar equuua usuu, orocpeqosauua rcuxu+ecrun otpaeuuen,
opueutupykaun cyerta s rpeqnetuon nupe, rar cuctena, unekaa csoe ctpoeuue, passutue. | srnk+euua
s cucteny otuoaeuuu oaectsa, sue rotoporo +enose+ecra qeteneuocte sooae ue cyaectsyet.
KarutaneuMn ronoeuuen, sMqsuuytMn A. l. eouteesMn s ero y+euuu o qeteneuoctu, snetc
ytsepqeuue toro arta, +to qeteneuocte s tou unu uuou ee opne sxoqut s canMu rpoecc
rcuxu+ecroro otpaeuu, s cano coqepauue atoro rpoecca, ero ropoqeuue. 0tckqa sMteraet pq tarux
saueuaux rpuuuros u roueruu cospeneuuou rcuxonoruu, rar y+euue o equuctse cosuauu u qeteneuoctu,
roueru o passutuu suytpeuueu ynctseuuou qeteneuoctu us sueaueu, rpeqctasneuu o oauoctu
sueaueu u suytpeuueu qeteneuoctu rar orocpeqykaux ssaunocssu +enosera c orpyakaun nupon, s
rotopon ocyaectsnetc ero peaneua usue, u t. q.
eteneuocte A. l. eoutees orpeqenet rar cosoryruocte rpoeccos, oequueuuMx oaeu ux
uarpasneuuoctek ua qoctueuue orpeqeneuuoro pesynetata, rotopMu snetc snecte c ten oertusuMn
royqutenen qeteneuoctu, t. e. ten, s +en rourpetusupyetc ta unu uua rotpeuocte cyerta.
peqnet qeteneuoctu A. l. eouteesMn paccnatpusaetc rar ee qeuctsuteneuMu notus. 0u noet Mte rar
seaectseuuMn, tar u uqeaneuMn, uo rnasuoe s ton, +to sa uun scerqa ctout rotpeuocte. Votus ato oqua
us saueuaux ctpyrtypuMx equuu qeteneuoctu.
8Mae nM oosua+unu oaee coupateneuoe routue o qeteneuoctu. 0quaro peaneuo nM scerqa uneen qeno
c rourpetuMnu qeteneuoctnu, raqa us rotopMx xapartepusyetc rpeqneton u ctpyrtypou. 0cuosuMnu
coctasnkaunu otqeneuMx +enose+ecrux qeteneuocteu snktc qeuctsu, rotopMe srnk+aktc s coctas
qeteneuoctu, a sc qeteneuocte cyaectsyet ue uua+e, rar s opne
1
. euctsu unu eru qeuctsuu. euctsu
e peanusyktc c ronoaek orpeqeneuuMx crocoos, rotopMe uasMsaktc orepaunu. euctsue snetc
rnasuou equuueu qeteneuoctu, a pasynuMu cnMcn toro, ua +to uarpasneuo qeuctsue unu qeteneuocte,
snetc ocuosuou, oaectseuuou ro csoeu rpupoqe, equuueu +enose+ecrou rcuxuru.
euctsue uneet uuteuuouaneuMu (t. e. vmo uyuo qenate) u orepauouuMu acrertM (|a| atoro qocturuyte).
o cytu qeuctsue scerqa otse+aet rarou-nuo saqa+e, rotopa u snetc enek, qauuou s orpeqeneuuMx
ycnosux, a orepauu ato crocoM qoctueuu enu unu sMronueuu qeuctsu.
Tarun opason, ...s oaen rotore qeteneuoctu, rotopMu opasyet +enose+ecryk usue, s ee sMcaux,

1
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975.C. 91.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
orocpeqctsosauuMx rcuxu+ecrun otpaeuuen rposneuux
1
, auanus sMqenet otqeneuMe qeteneuoctu ro
rputepuk royqakaux ux notusos, saten qeuctsu, roq+uukauec cosuateneuMn enn, u, uaroue,
orepauu, rotopMe sasuct ot ycnosuu qoctueuu rourpetuou enu. 3tu equuuM +enose+ecrou
qeteneuoctu u opasykt ee narpoctpyrtypy
2
.
8 pycne orucauuou sMae roueruu qeteneuoctu nM u usy+aen oquu us suqos rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu
veane+ue, roq rotopMn rouunaen rpoecc cosuateneuoro otpaeuu qeuctsuteneuoctu s tarux
oertusuMx ee csouctsax, cssx, otuoaeuux, s rotopMe srnk+aktc u ueqoctyruMe uerocpeqctseuuony
+ysctseuuony socrputuk oertM. o atony rosoqy C. . Pyuuateuu rucan: VManeuue cootuocut qauuMe
oayaeuuu u socrputuu coroctasnet, cpasuusaet, pasnu+aet, pacrpMsaet otuoaeuu, orocpeqosauu u
pacrpMsaet uosMe, uerocpeqctseuuo +ysctseuuo ue qauuMe actpartuMe ux csouctsa
3
. 0ayaeuue,
socrputue otpaakt otqeneuMe ctopouM sneuuu, nManeuue e cootuocut qauuMe oayaeuuu u socrputu
u pacrpMsaet otuoaeuu.
0quaro ye rpoctoe socrputue rpeqneta ecte otpaeuue ero ue tonero rar onaqakaero rarunu-nuo
rourpetuMnu rpusua-ranu(opnou, seton u t. q.), uo u ...rar unekaero orpeqeneuuoe oertusuoe u
yctou+usoe sua+euue
4
. 8aqa+eu nManeuu u snetc sMsneuue cyaectseuuMx, ueoxoqunMx csseu,
rotopMe ocuosauM ua peaneuMx sasucunoctx, u otqeneuue ux ot cny+auuMx, uecyaectseuuMx rpusuaros unu
csseu, sneuuu. 3to ronoeuue, rar u qpyrue, oraetc sauMn rpu paccnotpeuuu uanu s qaneueuaen
ratonoruu nManeuu.
8croe nManeuue cosepaaetc s ooaeuux, u ouo scerqa uqet ot equuu+uoro r oaeny u ot oaero r
equuu+uony. Karun ryten cosepaaetc nManeuue? 0uo sosnouo tonero orocpeqctsosauuMn ryten.
lnasueuaee uasua+euue nManeuu, ro nueuuk . C. 8Mrotcroro, orpeqente opas usuu u roseqeuu,
usneute uaau qeuctsu, uarpasnte ux u ocsooqate ux us-roq snactu rourpetuou cutyauu
VManeuue uneet csoe, rpucyaee tonero eny coqepauue, rotopMn snetc no++mue, rpeqctasnkaee
coou orocpeqosauuoe u ooaeuuoe suauue o rpeqnete, ocuosauuoe ua pacrpMtuu ero cyaectseuuMx
oertusuMx csseu u otuoaeuuu. outue snetc otpaeuuen uauonee cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros
rpeqneta unu sneuu u opasyetc ua ocuose rpeqctasneuuu ryten pasnu+uou ctereuu actparuu. 8auo
otnetute csse routu, c oquou ctopouM, c rpeqctasneuuen u opason, a c qpyrou co cnoson. Veqy
routuen u cnoson cyaectsykt cnouMe ssaunootuoaeuu. outue oosua+aetc cnoson u sue cnosa ue
cyaectsyet, cnoso ero natepuaneua ocuosa. Cnoso e, snce ueoxoqunMn ycnosuen u cpeqctson
opasosauu u cyaectsosauu routu, cano, s csok o+epeqe, ue noet cyaectsosate es routu, t. e. Mte
ryctou oono+rou. Tarun opason, cnoso u routue oprauu+ecru cssauM.
Taroe e cnouoe ssaunootuoaeuue nManeuu c rpeqctasneuuen. peqctasneuue, rpeqnetuMu opas
sMpaakt ro rpeunyaectsy equuu+uoe, a routue oaee. pu aton routue u opas-rpeqctasneuue ue
rpocto cocyaectsykt u corytctsykt qpyr qpyry, ouu ssaunocssauM ro cyaectsy.
VManeuue peanusyetc s orpeqeneuuMx opnax (unu artax). Tarun arton snetc rpeqe scero c,de+ue.
8 rcuxonoru+ecron rnaue cyqeuue ato qeuctsue cyerta, ucxoqaee us orpeqeneuuMx notusos u eneu,
us suauuu, royqakaux ero r sMcrasMsauuk unu rpuutuk sMcrasMsauuu qpyroro nua. 8 cyqeuuu
rposnetc nu+uocte, ee otuoaeuue r orpyakaeny. 8 to e spen cyqeuue ato sonesou art, tar rar
cyert nuo +to-to rpuuunaet, nuo otsepraet. Cyqeuue ato ue uctuua s roue+uou uuctauuu, a nuae
natepuan qn qaneueuaeu paotM nManeuu. 0uo cssauo c pacc,de+uev, rotopoe snetc arton paotM
nMcnu uaq cyqeuuen. 8arau+usaetc paccyqeuue ,vosa|nsve+uev, cnoueuaun
5
arton nManeuu,
srnk+akaun pq orepauu, roq+uueuuMx equuou enu. 3tu orepauu s oneaeu nepe uutepecykt norury,
rotopa uccneqyet uctuuy s nManeuuu. cuxonoru uarpasneua ua usy+euue canoro rpoecca nManeuu, ero
suqos, cssu c nu+uoctek u t, q.
VManeuue cyaectsyet s pasuMx suqax. 0quaro uctopu+ecru cnounace tpaquu paccnatpusate tonero
pe+esoe nManeuue, rotopoe snetc nuae oquun us suqos nManeuu. 3tot suq nManeuu uasMsakt
cnosecuo-noru+ecrun, paccyqakaun, u s uaau quu ou paccnatpusaetc s rcuxonoruu rar oquu us ocuosuMx
suqos nManeuu, xapartepusykauuc ucronesosauuen routuu, noru+ecrux rouctpyruu, yuruouupykauu ua
ase sMra
6
.
0quaro cospeneuua rcuxonoru ue paccnatpusaet atot suq nManeuu s ra+ectse equuctseuuoro, a
rpeqnaraet enMu pq rnaccuurauu nManeuu. 8ce rnaccuurauu, oquaro, otpaakt, c uaaeu to+ru

1
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte. V 1975C. 109.
2
Tan e.
3
Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t.V., 1989. T. 1.-C. 360.
4
eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru. V. 1981. C. 288.
5
'8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t. V.. 1983.T. 5. C. 252.
6
Cn.: Tuxonupos 0. K. cuxonoru nManeuu.- V., 1984.
speuu, pasuMe ctopouM nManeuu, unu ero yposuu. Teopetu+ecroe u uarnquoe nManeuue sMqenn C. .
Pyuuateuu, rpu+en ou ue c+utan atu suqM nManeuu ronpuMnu, a, uaoopot, paccnatpusan sosnouocte
ux repexoqa qpyr s qpyra nuoroopasuMnu rytnu. 6yqy+u pasnu+uMnu yposunu, unu ctyreunu, rosuauu,
ouu snktc, ro nueuuk C. . Pyuuateuua, s to e spen pasuMnu ctopouanu (suqanu) nManeuu. 0u
rucan: VM, pasnu+aen uarnquo-opasuoe nManeuue u actpartuo-teopetu+ecroe ue tonero rar qsa yposu,
uo u rar qsa suqa unu qsa acrerta equuoro nManeuu; ue tonero routue, uo u opas sMctyraet ua scron,
qae canon sMcaen, yposue nManeuu
1
.
8 uactoaee spen uarnquo-opasuoe (unu opasuoe) nManeuue tare sMqenetc s canoctoteneuMu suq.
1yuruu opasuoro nManeuu, rar otne+an 0. K Tuxonupos, cssauM c rpeqctasneuuen cutyauu u
usneueuuu s uux, rotopMe +enoser xo+et rony+ute s pesynetate csoeu qeteneuoctu, rpeopasykaeu
cutyauk, c rourpetusaueu oaux ronoeuuu
2
. Cyaectsyet u uarnquo-qeuctseuuoe nManeuue, rpu rotopon
peaeuue saqa+u, ocyaectsnetc c ronoaek peaneuoro rpeopasosauu- cutyauu. 8 uactoaee spen s
rcuxonoruu yequteneuo rorasauo, +to atu tpu suqa nManeuu cocyaectsykt u y sspocnoro +enosera u
yuruouupyk! rpu peaeuuu pasnu+uMx saqa+
3
.
K rapuMn rnaccuuraun otuoctc teopetu+ecroe u rpartu+ecroe nManeuue, uutyutusuoe u
auanutu+ecroe, peanuctu+ecroe u aytuctu+ecroe u t. q. lauonee pacrpoctpaueuuMn u qeuctseuuMn s
cospeneuuou ote+ectseuuou rcuxonoruu snetc pasqeneuue nManeuu ua tpu suqa: cnosecuo-noru+ecroe,
uarnquo-opasuoe u uarnquo-qeuctseuuoe. 3tu suqM nManeuu snktc ataranu passutu nManeuu s
outoreuese.
8auMn rpeqctasnetc pasnu+euue u pqa qpyrux ctopou nManeuu, rar, uarpunep, rpoqyrtusuoctu u
uerpoqyrtusuoctu. 3to qeneuue ocuosMsaetc ua ctereuu uosusuM pesynetata, rpoqyrta nMcnuteneuou
qeteneuoctu. leoxoquno pasnu+ate u yposuu peanusauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca rpoussoneuMu u
uerpoussoneuMu. 3to qanero ue ronuMu crucor rnaccuurauu nManeuu, pasqeneuu ero ua suqM.
Cnouocte nManeuu rar rcuxu+ecroro rpoecca rposunace s tex tpyquoctx, c rotopMnu uccneqosatenu
sctpetunuce ye rpu rorMtre sMqeneuu ero suqos. oatony unekauec s nutepatype rnaccuurauu
ueronuoeuuM, raqa us uux ctpoutc ua pasuMx ocuosauux. Veqy uunu cyaectsykt secena cnouMe
ssaunootuoaeuu. 0quaro cuo rnasuoe: roq tepnuuon veane+ue s rcuxonoruu oosua+aktc ra+ectseuuo
pasuopoquMe rpoeccM.
pu auanuse uaaero arcrepuneutaneuoro ratonoru+ecroro natepuana u opnuposauuu csoux cyqeuuu nM
yqen rpuqepusatec rnaccuurauu, roqpasqenkaeu nManeuue ua tpu suqa
4
. Kpone toro, nM yqen
auanusuposate u tarue ctopouM nManeuu, rar rpoqyrtusuocte u uerpoqyrtusuocte, u paccnatpusate
peaeuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+ ua pasuMx yposux ero oprauusauu rpoussoneuon u uerpoussoneuon. 3tot
natepuan yqet qau uanu s cootsetctsykaux rnasax.
8auMn qn qaneueuaero ueuporcuxonoru+ecroro auanusa uapyaeuu nManeuu snetc yto+ueuue eae
pqa sorpocos: +to snetc rpeqneton rcuxonoruu nManeuu, ero oerton, nManeuue rar rpoecc, asM
rpoterauu nManeuu.
VManeuue rar oaectseuuo-uctopu+ecruu rpoecc, rar uctopu+ecroe u oaectseuuoe passutue
rosuasateneuMx sosnouocteu +enose+ectsa ato rpeqnet unoepuu. orura e uutepecyetc
nManeuuen routuuuMn, t. e. oua usy+aet sMcauu yposeue nManeuu uay+uMu. 0erton ee usy+euu
snktc cyqeuu, ynosarnk+euu u qp., ee uutepecyet uctuuuoe nManeuue. +to e usy+aet rcuxonoru?
cuxonoruk uutepecykt ue tonero sMcaue, uo u onee rpoctMe opnM nManeuu. Co ctopouM coqepauu
ee uutepecyet nManeuue rar rpoecc, ero opnuposauue, passutue, rpoterauue u pacraq. cuxonoru
usy+aet, rar peaneuo cosepaaetc nManeuue, rotopoe ue osateneuo snetc rpasuneuMn. Auanus
nManeuu sxoqut u s ronreteuuk tarux uayr, rar ueuporcuxonoru, ratorcuxonoru, -usy+akaux uapyaeuu
nManeuu.
C. . Pyuuateuu paccnatpusan nManeuue rar rpoecc, rar qeteneuocte. 0u c+utan, +to nManeuue
passeptMsaetc so speneuu, srnk+aet s ce uerotopMe asM, atarM. 3to sosnouo tonero rpu artusuoctu
cyerta. Taroe rpeqctasneuue o nManeuuu rar rpoecce passusaetc s paotax y+euura C. . Pyuuateuua
A. 8. 6pyanuucroro, rotopMu ruaet, +to ...nManeuue ato scerqa ucrauue u otrpMtue cyaectseuuo
uosoro
5
.
|ssectuMu ote+ectseuuMu rcuxonor . F. lanerepuu uecronero ro-uuony opnynupyet rpeqnet rcuxonoruu
nManeuu: ...rcuxonoru usy+aet ue rpocto nManeuue u ue sce nManeuue, a tonero rpoecc opueutuposru

1
Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t. V 1989 T. 1.-C. 390.
2
Cn.: Tuxonupos 0. K. cuxonoru nManeuu. V., 1984. C. 9.
3
Tan e.
4
Cn.: Tuxonupos 0. K. cuxonoru nManeuu. V., 1984.
5
6pyanuucruu A. 8. VManeuue u rporuosuposauue. V., 1979. 1 99.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
cyerta rpu peaeuuu uutennertyaneuMx saqa+, saqa+ ua nManeuue
1
. A opueutuposry ou paccnatpusan rar
arrapat yrpasneuu qeuctsuen, t, e. rpoeccon so sueaueu cpeqe, orupakaunc ua opasM. VManeuue,
rucan . F. lanerepuu, ato qeteneuocte +toM ysuate, a o seaax uu+ero uenes ysuate, ue rpocnequs (s
+etro oosua+euuMx ycnosux), +to ouu qenakt u +to c uunu qenakt
2
. 8aueuaun ycnosuen rpespaaeuu
rpeqnetuMx rpoeccos s rcuxonoru+ecrue, rqe rpeqnetuoe coqepauue qeuctsu ye ue sMronuetc, a
tonero uneetc s suqy, snetc repexoq qeuctsu ussue-suytpe
3
.
0. K- Tuxonupos c+utaet sauMn s rcuxonoruu nManeuu ero rpoeccyaneuocte, uo rpu aton opaaaet
suunauue u ua cyertusuMu xapartep rpoecca nManeuu; rcuxonoru u rcuxonor qonuM scerqa y+utMsate,
c+utaet ou, +to nMcnut scerqa cyert u ua yposue rcuxonoru+ecroro auanusa ot atoro actparuposatec
uenes.
0erton nManeuu snktc saqa+u u ux peaeuu. 8aqa+u s usuu +enosera sosuurakt roscequesuo,
ocoeuuo rpu ctonruoseuuu c rpertctsunu.
|tar, nManeuue rpoteraet rar cyertusuMu rpoecc, uarpasneuuMu ua peaeuue pasuopoquMx saqa+.
cuxonoru+ecroe usy+euue nManeuu rpeqronaraet auanus ero rar rpoecca, uarpasneuuoro rpeqe scero ua
opueutuposry rpu peaeuuu pasnu+uoro poqa saqa+. 8auMn qn rcuxonora rpu uccneqosauuu nManeuu
snetc y+et ronoeuu o oauoctu ctpoeuu sueaueu rpartu+ecrou rpeqnetuou qeteneuoctu u
qeteneuoctu suytpeuueu, ynctseuuou, auanus uutepuopusauu sueauux qeuctsuu, t. e. repexoqa ux ussue-
suytpe. cuxonoru+ecrou equuueu auanusa nManeuu, rar nM suqun, snetc ue tonero no++mue, uo u
opas. 8 pe+eson nManeuuu tarunu equuuanu snktc s+ave+ue cnoea u cvecn.
VManeuue rpoecc, ou rpoteraet so speneuu u rotony uneet ua+ano u roue. 3ta xapartepuctura
nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca rocnyuna ocuosauuen qn sMqeneuu uerotopMx as (unu ataros) rpoterauu
rpoecca nManeuu. | s aton sorpoce tare cyaectsyet oneaou paspoc nueuuu uccneqosateneu.
VM rpatro octauosunc ua auanuse qsyx, uauonee pacrpoctpaueuuMx ssrnqos ua roataruocte rpoterauu
nkoro uutennertyaneuoro arta. C. . Pyuuateuu u ero y+euuru c+utakt, +to nMcnuteneuMu art scerqa
uarpasneu ua paspeaeuue rarou-nuo saqa+u u peaeuue rpoxoqut +epes uecronero as. la+aneuou asou, ro
ux nueuuk, snetc ocos+a+ue nponev+ou cum,a(uu. 0cosuauue u ocnMcneuue rponenM tpeyet paotM
nMcnu, rucan C. . Pyuuateuu. Cana roctauosra rponenM snetc arton nManeuu, rotopMu tpeyet
+acto oneaou u cnouou nMcnuteneuou paotM. Copnynuposate, s +en sorpoc, sua+ut ye roqutec qo
ussectuoro rouunauu, a route saqa+y unu rponeny sua+ut ecnu ue paspeaute ee, to ro rpauueu nepe
uautu ryte, t. e. netoq qn ee paspeaeuu. oatony repsMu rpusuar nMcnaero +enosera suqete rponenM
tan, rqe ouu ecte... 8osuuruoseuue sorpocos repsMu rpusuar ua+uuakaeuc paotM nMcnu u
sapoqakaeroc rouunauu
4
.
0t ocosuauu rponenM nMcne repexoqut r ee paspeae+us. Peaeuue saqa+u cosepaaetc pasnu+uMnu u
o+eue nuoroopasuMnu rytnu. yte u crocoM peaeuu saqa+u sasuct ot ee xapartepa, uanu+u y cyerta
qoctato+uMx suauuu, cssauuMx c atou saqa+eu. Ecnu suauu qoMsaktc s rpoecce nManeuu, to u
rpoecc nManeuu, s csok o+epeqe, rpeqronaraet ye uanu+ue raroro-to suauu; ecnu nMcnuteneuMu art
rpusoqut r uosony suauuk, to rarue-to suauu, s csok o+epeqe, scerqa cnyat oropuou to+rou qn
nManeuu
5
.
Korqa ye uanetunoce peaeuue, to sosuuraet uosMu atar, ua rotopon peaeuue ocosuaetc rar cunomesa.
0cosuauue uanetusaeroc peaeuu tpeyet ero rposepru, |o+mpon+. 3to ye cneqykauu atar
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. 0coeuuo octpo rotpeuocte s rposepre sosuuraet rpu rosneuuu qpyrux
sapuautos peaeuu oquou u tou e saqa+u. Kputu+uocte cyaectseuuMu rpusuar spenoro yna.
lerputu+ecruu uausuMu yn nerro rpuuunaet nkoe cosraqeuue sa ocueuue, repsoe roqsepuysaeec pe-
aeuue sa orou+ateneuoe. 3to ronoeuue u ero rpasuneuocte ocoeuuo +etro pacrpMsaktc rpu ratonoruu
nManeuu, ua +en nM u octauosunc s atou ruure.
ocne routpon nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc repexoqut r sasepaakaeu ase r opnuposauuk c,de+u+ ro
qauuony sorpocy, urcupykaero s uen peaeuue saqa+u (rponenM).
8auo otnetute, +to s atou teopuu roataruoro rpoterauu nMcnuteneuoro arta rpu peaeuuu saqa+ nManeuue
ue paccnatpusaetc rar rocneqosateneua ero+ra ataros s qeteneuoctu nManeuu. ...8 rpoecce
nManeuu, rucan C. . Pyuuateuu, sce noneutM ero snktc so suytpeuueu quanertu+ecrou ssauno-

1
lanerepuu . F. 8seqeuue s rcuxonoruk. V 1976. C. 94.
2
lanerepuu . F. cuxonoru nManeuu u y+euue o roataruon opnuposauuu, ynctseuuMx qeuctsuu // |ccneqosauu
nManeuu s cosetcrou rcuxonoruu / 0ts. peq,K. E . opoxosa.-.V.,*l9'66..C. 243.
3
Tan eC. 252, 254.
4
Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu. 8 2 T. n 1989. T. L-C. 374.
5
Tan e.C. 375.
cssu, ue rossonkaeu nexauu+ecru ux paspMsate u pqoronarate s nuueuuou rocneqosateneuoctu
1
.
3tot rpoecc uutennertyaneuoro arta cosepaaetc c rpuneueuuen creuu+ecroro qn nManeuu apceuana
orepauu cpasueuu, auanusa u cuutesa, actparuu u ooaeuu. Cpasueuue seqet r rnaccuurauu
sneuuu, suauuu. Auanus es cuutesa ropo+eu
2
.
Auanus u cuutes ue uc+eprMsakt nMcnuteneuoro arta. CyaectseuuMnu ctopouanu ero snktc actparu u
ooaeuue. Actparu u ecte ato qsueuue nMcnu, rotopoe repexoqut ot +ysctseuuMx csoucts rpeqneta r
ux actpartuMn csouctsan rocpeqctson otuoaeuuu, s rotopMx ux actpartuMe csouctsa sMsnktc
3
. A
ooaeuue, sM+neu oaee u rostopkaeec s rpeqnetax (sneuux), ten canMn ctauosutc ueoxoqunMn
u cyaectseuuMn, oaun qn enoro rnacca sneuuu.
C qauuou rouerueu s uerotopMx ryurtax cnuaetc u teopu 8. 8. asMqosa, K. A. Cnascrou u qp.
pu auanuse ratonoruu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu MI yqen rpuqepusatec uerotopMx ryurtos
sMaeusnoeuuou ctpyrtypM rpoterauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, a tare tou ctpyrtypM peanusauu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ua rotopou octauosunc uue u rotopa Mna orucaua s uaaux pauuux
paotax; ou; so nuoron cosraqaet c sMaeorucauuou. 0quaro s otnu+ue ot rpeqMqyaeu s atou cxene
rpoterauu rpoecca nManeuu sua+uteneuoe necto otsoqutc opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qe-
teneuoctu, c rotopou ua+uuaetc peaeuue ctoaeu repeq cyerton saqa+u.
|utennertyaneua qeteneuocte, rar rpasuno, orpeqenetetc enek unu sorpocon, saqa+eu,
uerocpeqctseuuMu otset ua rotopMu uesosnoeu. 0uu qetepnuuupykt sck qaneueuayk qeteneuoctu
cyerta, rpuqasa eu usupateneuMu xapartep. ene u copnynuposauuMe saqa+u oM+uo qaktc s
orpeqeneuuMx ycnosux. Peaeuue nMcnuteneuMx saqa+ ua+uuaetc c opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou
qeteneuoctu s atux ycnosux. 0uo srnk+aet auanus unekaeuc u qanee roctyrakaeu uuopnauu,
sMqeneuue cyaectseuuMx qauuMx ryten ux cpasueuu, roucr ussectuoro u ueussectuoro s saqa+e. 3ta
opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte rpusoqut r opnynuposauuk rponenM (sorpoca) u saten
r opnynuposauuk rurotesM, ua ocuose rotopou ctpotc ctpateru u tartura peaeuu u sMqenktc te
orepauu, rotopMe c uauoneaeu sepotuoctek rpuseqyt r peaeuuk saqa+u.
la ocuose scex atux scronorateneuMx orepauu sosuurakt ueoxoqunMe qeuctsu, uocaue usupateneuMu
xapartep, sMronueuue rotopMx seqet r peaeuuk saqa+u. CyaectseuuMn ataron (asou) snetc cnu+euue
rony+euuoro pesynetata c ucxoquMnu qauuMnu. Ecnu ata rposepra (routpone) yrasMsaet ua cootsetctsue
rony+euuoro otseta c ucxoquMnu qauuMnu, qeteneuocte rperpaaaetc, ecnu e ouapyusaetc
paccornacosauuocte ucxoquMx qauuMx u rony+euuoro pesynetata, uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte
rpoqonaetc. pasuneuo peaeuua saqa+a u qoctueuue enu seqyt r orpeqeneuuony cyqeuuk, rotopoe u
snetc rouon qauuoro uutennertyaneuoro arta.
0rucauuMu xoq nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca uecronero cxenatusuposau, tar rar s peaneuoctu uepeqro uerotopMe
us ero ataros saneaaktc nMcnuteneuMnu uasMranu, yrotpeneuuen uerotopMx rpasun (uarpunep, rpu
peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux, rpannatu+ecrux u qpyrux saqa+). 3tu uasMru u rpasuna rpoterakt ua
ueocosuauuon yposue, u cyert ue scerqa noet ocuute ryte peaeuu saqa+u u copnynuposate
ucronesosauuMe rpasuna. 3tot suq nMcnuteneuoro arta xapartepeu qn sspocnMx cyertos rpu peaeuuu
+actotuMx saqa+, u ou, orupace ua suytpeuukk pe+e, Mctpo rpespaaaetc s csepuytMe u Mctpo
rpoterakaue orepauu (ynctseuuMe uasMru), coctasnkaue ocuosy astonatusuposauuoro nManeuu, sa
ctpoeuuen rotoporo y sspocnoro +enosera uesosnouo rpocnequte.
VM rpatro orucanu rcuxonoru+ecruu ryte usy+euu u auanusa qeteneuoctu +enosera, s ton +ucne u
nManeuu, uo cyaectsyet u qpyrou, ue neuee sauMu ryte rpouuruoseuu s ctpyrtypy u nexauusnM
cosuateneuou qeteneuoctu. 3to auanus qeteneuoctu +enosera co ctopouM paotM nosra, usy+euue
uapyaeuuu qeteneuoctu, sosuurakaux rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra. 3to ryte
ueuporcuxonoru+ecroro auanusa uapyaeuuu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.
ponena nosrosMx nexauusnos rcuxu+ecrux crocouocteu u yuruu +enosera snetc ten rputu+ecrun
ryurton, ...repeq rotopMn octauasnusaetc uccneqosauue oneauuctsa rcuxonoros couonoru+ecroro
uarpasneuu. 8necte c ten oua uneet cosepaeuuo rpuuuruaneuoe sua+euue. 8eqe uneuuo yxoq ot ee
peaeuu ropoqaet pasqeneuue rcuxonoruu ua rcuxonoruk couaneuyk, uctopu+ecryk, u rcuxonoruk
arcrepuneutaneuyk, ectectseuuouay+uyk
4
.
8orpoc atot ue uos. 0u usqasua cton repeq rcuxonoranu rar sorpoc o ton, +to e ropoqaet tot unu uuou
rcuxu+ecruu rpoecc. poctou ccMnru ua nosr rar oprau rcuxuru ctano qanero ueqoctato+uo, roatony sorpoc

1
Tan e.C. 374.
2
Tan e.- C. 378.
3
Pyuuateuu C. ."'0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t. V., 1989. T. 1. C. 380.
4
eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru.V., 1981.C. 397.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
o nosrosMx ocuosax rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu +enosera rpuopen sauoe sua+euue u ctan rpeqneton nuorux
teopetu+ecrux u arcrepuneutaneuMx uccneqosauuu. 8osuurnu pasuMe rpeqctasneuu o cssu rcuxuru u nosra,
o rotopMx nM rucanu s qpyrux uaaux paotax. lactoaa paota s aton otuoaeuuu rpuopetaet
rpuuuruaneuoe sua+euue.
0aercuxonoru+ecroe sua+euue ueuporcuxonoruu sarnk+aetc s ton, +to oua rossonet ysuqete
qeteneuocte s ee pacraqe s sasucunoctu ot ropaeuu nosra s enon u ot noranusauu atoro ropaeuu s
+actuoctu. ...leuporcuxonoru, rucan A. l. eoutees, co csoeu ctopouM t. e. co ctopouM nosrosMx
ctpyrtyp rossonet rpouuruyte s ucronuutenecrue nexauusnM qeteneuoctu
1
. lan rpeqctasnetc,
,+to ueuporcuxonoru rar netoq uccneqosauu suocut s rpeqctasneuue o qeteneuoctu sua+uteneuo
oneae, +en tonero suauue ucronuutenecrux nexauusnos. . C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to ueuporcuxonoru
ronoraet route yuruouaneuMu rnau sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, u rpeqe scero nManeuu, rotopMu
usy+eu sua+uteneuo neuee, +en reuetu+ecruu. 0ua qaet uan s pyru suauue o oaeu ctpyrtype qeteneuoctu
s nkon ee rposneuuu, o ee nosrosMx nexauusnax, o ponu otqeneuMx onacteu nosra s ocyaectsneuuu
qeteneuoctu s enon unu otqeneuMx ee coctasnkaux. 8auMn srnaqon ueuporcuxonoruu s roueruk
qeteneuoctu snetc sMcse+usauue tou ponu, rotopyk urpaet nu+uocte s ctpyrtype qeteneuoctu s enon,
u s +actuoctu s rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu, a tare ponu tarux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, rar socrputue u
rante, pe+e u nManeuue, opasM-rpeqctasneuu s coqepauuu u ctpyrtype qeteneuoctu.
|ccneqosauue nosrosoro u rcuxousuonoru+ecroro yposueu qeteneuoctu rossonet ysuqete te sauMe
peaneuoctu, c usy+euu rotopMx coctseuuo u ua+anoce, rar rucan A. l. eoutees- passutue
arcrepuneutaneuou rcuxonoruu.
8 rcuxonoruu ye qasuo ctano arton, +to rcuxu+ecrue yuruu ue snktc rposneuuen uerux
crocouocteu crocouocteu qyau unu nosra. A sot ronoeuue o ton, +to sMcaue rcuxu+ecrue yuruu
opnupyktc s qeteneuoctu, a ue uaoopot, t. e. +to sMcaue rcuxu+ecrue yuruu ropoqakt
qeteneuocte, rar c+utakt nuorue rcuxonoru u s uaae spen, sce eae uyqaetc s uccneqosauux u
qorasatenectsax.
| sauoe necto s uccneqosauux atoro poqa rpuuaqneut ueuporcuxonoruu.
8aueuaeu coctasuou +actek ueuporcuxonoruu snetc socctauosneuue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu u
socctauosuteneuoe oy+euue. |neuuo ueuporcuxonoru uneet s csoen apceuane artM, rotopMe qorasMsakt
rpasuneuocte teopetu+ecroro ronoeuu, cornacuo rotopony qeteneuocte neut s ocuose opnuposauu u
rpoterauu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.
3ta onacte suauu rossonet uccneqosate nosrosMe ocuosM qeteneuoctu, a tare to, rarue
rpeopasosauu qeteneuoctu seqyt r repectpoure yuruouaneuMx cucten, snkauxc rcuxo-
usuonoru+ecrou ocuosou rcuxu+ecrou cepM.
leuporcuxonoru, u rpeqe scero socctauosuteneuoe oy+euue, qaet sosnouocte tare uccneqosate, rar u
rarue sosuurakt uosMe aucannu yuruouaneuMx cucten, ronorakaue ronreucuposate unu
socctauasnusate uapyaeuuyk qeteneuocte. A. l. eoutees ro atony rosoqy rucan: 8Mraqeuue otqeneuMx
y+actros nosra, rpusoqaee r uapyaeuuk tex unu uuMx rpoeccos, otrpMsaet... sosnouocte: uccneqosate s
atux cosepaeuuo acrsusutuMx ycnosux ux yuruouaneuoe passutue, rotopoe sMctyraet sqece s opne
socctauosneuu. 6nuauaun opason ato otuocutc r socctauosneuuk sueauux u ynctseuuMx qeuctsuu...
let uaqouoctu
rosopute o oaercuxonoru+ecron sua+euuu atoro uarpasneuu uccneqosauuu, ouo o+esuquo
2
.
8 ueuporcuxonoruu s uactoaee spen uarorneu oneaou rnuuu+ecruu u arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan,
rossonkauu roqoutu r sorpocy o ponu pasnu+uMx onacteu nosra s peanusauu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu, s +actuoctu pe+u, socrputu, nManeuu u t. q.; paspaotauM netoqM auanusa suytpeuueu
ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, cssu sueauux qeuctsuu c suytpeuuunu u t. q. ato rpeqe scero
netoqM rporpannuposauuoro oy+euu. leoxoquno otnetute sua+unyk pone ueuporcuxonoruu s
uccneqosauuu nosrosMx nexauusnos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ee rcuxousuonoru+ecrux ocuos, t. e.
ueuporcuxonoru roqxoqut r auanusy rnaccu+ecrou rponenM nosr u nMcne.
3ta rponena ssaunocssu nosra u rcuxuru, s ton +ucne u nManeuu, snnace eutpaneuou qn unocoos
ua rpoteuuu seros. o-pasuony peaanc atot sorpoc: rcuxura paccnatpusanace to s ronuon otpMse ot
nosra, to, uaoopot, rar rpyoe, rpnoe uanoeuue cnoueuaux, rasanoce M, uenatepuaneuMx rpoeccos ua
natepuaneuoe seaectso nosra u t. q. | s uactoaee spen sorpoc o ssaunocssu nManeuu u =nosra sce
eae ue orou+ateneuo peaeu.
0te+ectseuua ueuporcuxonoru ua ceroquauuu qeue pacronaraet arcrepuneutaneuMnu qauuMnu,

1
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975. C. 122.
2
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte. V., 1975. C. 122.
rossonkaunu roqoutu r peaeuuk atoro sorpoca rar c rpuuuruaneuou netoqonoru+ecrou ctopouM, tar u c
rourpetuou, s +actuoctu rorasate pone otqeneuMx sou nosra s rpoterauuu nMcnuteneuoro arta.
leuporcuxonoru+ecrue uccneqosauu rcuxuru +enosera unekt oaercuxonoru+ecroe sua+euue, ouu suoct
csou srnaq s peaeuue yuqaneutaneuMx rponen rcuxonoruu, c oquou ctopouM, a c qpyrou ucxoqt us
rcuxonoru+ecrux roueruu ctpoeuuu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu +enosera.
|tar, nM rpatro orucanu rponenM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, u rpeqe scero nManeuu. Auanus
nutepatypM rorasan, +to ata rponena uneet qnuteneuyk uctopuk passutu u nuoro uay+uMx aron, ro-
pasuony paccnatpusasaux ee. 8 uactoaee spen tare cyaectsyet nuoro pasnu+uMx aron rar y uac s
ctpaue, tar u sa pyeon, rotopMe sauunaktc uccneqosauuen nManeuu. 8srnqM . C. 8Mrotcroro, A. l.
eouteesa, C. . Pyuuateuua, A. P. ypuu, 0. K. Tuxonuposa, 8. 8. asMqosa, A. 8. 6pyanuucroro, A. V.
Vatkaruua u qp. ua uutennertyaneuyk qeteneuocte, ee rpupoqy, ctpoeuue, rpoeccyaneuocte nM ssnu sa
ocuosy csoero roqxoqa r auanusy uapyaeuu nManeuu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.
|utennertyaneua qeteneuocte, rar u sc rcuxura +enosera, snetc rpoqyrton qnuteneuoro oaectseuuo-
uctopu+ecroro passutu u, rar nM suqenu sMae, uneet cnouyk ctpyrtypy u ue neuee cnouyk ssaunocsse c
nosron. 3tot sorpoc usy+eu nano, s atou ruure nM u octauosunc ua auanuse sorpocos, sosuurakaux s cssu
c uccneqosauuen nosrosMx nexauusnos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, u rpeqe scero nManeuu.
8 ruure paccnatpusaetc mpu |p,ca eonpocoe. epeeu us uux u cssau c uccneqosauuen voscoeex oc+oe
uapyaeuu uutennerta, u rpeqe scero nManeuu. 8qece uac yqet uutepecosate pq tarux rponen, rar
sasucunocte ctpyrtypM u nexauusnos uapyaeuu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra,
unu, uua+e rosop, sorpoc o pasuMx u creuu+ecrux srnaqax pasnu+uMx sou nosra s oprauusauk u
peanusauk uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. Teopetu+ecruu u rpartu+ecruu uutepec rpeqctasnet
sM+neueuue artopos, neaaux s ocuose pasnu+uMx suqos uapyaeuu uutennerta, u usy+euue ux cssu c
orpeqeneuuMnu souanu nosra.
3mopou rpyr sorpocos cssau c usy+euuen ncuxonocuvec|oco acrerta uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu, u sqece uanu uccneqosanuce tarue rponenM, rar necto u pone pe+u s rpoterauuu ue tonero
sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu, uo u qpyrux ero suqos; cnMcn u sua+euue u ux pone s uapyaeuuu
nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu; rpeqnetuMu opas u ero uapyaeuue; pone uapyaeuu opasa s ratonoruu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. 8 atou +actu paotM uutepec rpeqctasnkt u natepuanM, racakauec
sasucunoctu (uesasucunoctu) ratonoruu pasuMx suqos nManeuu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra. VM
octauosunc ua rponene oaux u creuu+ecrux ocoeuuocteu uapyaeuu pasuMx suqos nManeuu u ux
sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra, rponene ssaunoqeuctsu pasnu+uMx suqos nManeuu rpu ux
ratonoruu.
| uaroue, mpemuu rpyr sorpocos cssau c uccneqosauuen ponu pasnu+uMx cmp,|m,p+ex see+eee e
npome|a+uu (enocm+oco vecnumene+oco npo(ecca. VM octauosunc tare ua auanuse snuuu uapyaeuuu
notusauouuoro, opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecroro u orepauouaneuoro sseuees ua xoq nManeuu.
3tu tpu rpyra sorpocos u yqyt s eutpe suunauu s rocneqykaux rnasax ruuru.
+acs I. hEhP06hX00|h+E6Khh AhAh3 hAPYUEhhP h 066TAh0EhhP
EP5Abh0-0|h+E6K0|0 HbUEhhP
8 atou +actu paotM nM octauosunc ua ueuporcuxonoru+ecron auanuse uapyaeuu actpartuo-noru+ecroro
(pe+esoro) nManeuu, rotopoe snetc seqyaun suqon nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu u uauonee
xapartepuMn qn +enosera; s csoeu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu +enoser +aae scero ucronesyet uneuuo atot
suq nManeuu.
lnaea /. hAPYUEhhE h 066TAh0EhhE PA50Tb 6 hTEPATYPhbH TEK6T0H
1. P06EVA | VET0|KA |CCE08Al|F
Pe+esoe, unu sepaneuo-noru+ecroe, nManeuue (ero uasMsakt tare paccyqakaun) snetc uauonee
sauMn, rocronery ouo rossonet sMutu sa rpeqenM uerocpeqctseuuoro +ysctseuuoro socrputu nupa,
neut s ocuose ucronesosauu suauuu u snetc cpeqctson rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu +enosera. 0uo
ucronesyet s ra+ectse csoero ocuosuoro cpeqctsa pe+e. eutpaneuMn sorpocon s rponene -nManeuu u
pe+u snetc ...sorpoc o om+oae+uu vecnu | cnoe,
1
. |ctopu passutu atou rponenM s uay+uou
rcuxonoruu ot canMx qpesuux speneu qo uaaux queu roneanace scerqa u roctouuo neqy qsyn ronkcanu:
ronuMn cnuuuen nMcnu u cnosa u ctonero e ronuMn ux paspMson u pasequueuuen. . C. 8Mrotcrony
yqanoce uautu oayk equuuy qn nManeuu u pe+u unu, sepuee, equuuy, s rotopou coqepatc csouctsa,
rpucyaue pe+esony nManeuuk rar enony
2
. Tarou equuueu snetc sua+euue cnosa; ...uneuuo s

1
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2 C 10
2
Tan e.-C. 16.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
sua+euuu cnosa sassau ysen toro equuctsa, rotopoe nM uasMsaen pe+esMn nManeuuen
1
. lo nMcne ue
coctout us otqeneuMx cnos. VMcne scerqa rpeqctasnet coou ue+to enoe, sua+uteneuo oneaee ro
csoeny rpoteuuk u oeny, +en otqeneuoe cnoso
2
, u co cnoson uerocpeqctseuuo ue cosraqaet. To. vmo
e vecnu codepumc+ cuv,nema++o, mo e pevu paseepmeeaemc+ c,|(eccue+o
1
.
|tar, nMcne rpeqctasnet coou cunynetauuoe opasosauue, s otnu+ue ot cyreccusuo roctpoeuuou pe+u, u
peanusyetc cyreccusuo +epes pe+e. Kar sosuuraet nMcne? 0ua poqaetc us notusupykaeu cepM
cosuauu, oxsatMsaet uaau rotpeuoctu u sne+euu, uutepecM u royqeuu, aertM u anouu. 8a raqMn
sMcrasMsauuen, peanusykaun pe+esoe nManeuue, ctout son, sonesa saqa+a. |ccneqosauue
nMcnuteneuMx rpoeccos ue s ux usonuposauuoctu ot peanusyenMx unu nuoroopasuMx suqos u opn
+enose+ecrou qeteneuoctu, rucan A. l. eoutees, a s ra+ectse ee cpeqcts u coctasnet oquy us
saueuaux saqa+, ctoaux repeq... rcuxonoranu...
2
lan sauo opatute ua ato suunauue, tar rar nM eae ue
pas sctpetunc c rponenou cnouoro ssaunoqeuctsu nManeuu u anououaneuo-sonesou cepM,
nManeuu u opasos, nManeuu u socrputu u t. q. rpu auanuse ratonoruu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.
VMcne ue sMpaaetc, a cosepaaetc s cnose; oua ue tonero sueaue orocpeqyetc suaranu (cnosanu), uo u
suytpeuue orocpeqyetc sua+euunu, uo ...nMcne uurorqa ue pasua rpnony sua+euuk cnos. 8ua+euue
orocpeqyet nMcne ua ee rytu r cnosecuony sMpaeuuk...
3
. 8ua+euuk cnosa rpuuaqneut saueuaa pone
so ssaunoqeuctsuu pe+esoro nManeuu u pe+u.
+to coou rpeqctasnet sua+euue pe+e unu nManeuue? 0uo ecte pe+e u nManeuue s oquo u to e spen,
rotony +to ouo ecte edu+u(a peveeoco veane+u+?*. C rcuxonoru+ecrou ctopouM sua+euue cnosa snetc
ooaeuuen unu routuen, a scroe ooaeuue, scroe opasosauue routu ato ecte ueconueuuMu
nMcnuteneuMu art. lo snecte c ten sua+euue rpeqctasnet coou ueotennenyk +acte cnosa, ...ouo
rpuuaqneut apctsy pe+u s tarou e nepe, rar u apctsy nMcnu. Cnoso es sua+euu ecte ue cnoso, uo ssyr
ryctou
0
. 8ua+euue cnosa sMctyraet to rar euoneu cnosecuou vecnu, to rar ocnMcneuuoro cnoea, t. e. ouo
ecte equuctso nMcnu u cnosa.
8ua+euuen cnosa, ruaet A. P. ypu, uasMsaetc crocouocte ...auanusuposate rpeqnet, sMqente s uen
cyaectseuuMe csouctsa u otuocute ero r orpeqeneuuMn rateropun
6
. Tarun opason, sua+euue cnosa uneet
qse ocuosuMe yuruu: sMqeneuue cyaectseuuoro rpusuara rpeqneta u otueceuue rpeqneta r orpeqeneu-
1
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2.C. 16. "eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975.C. 47.
3
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982,- T. 2-C. 356357.
4
Tan e.C. 50.
5
Tan e.
5
y p u A. P. Pe+e u nManeuue.V., 1973.C. 22.
uou rateropuu, t. e. yuruu actparuu u ooaeuu. 8ua+euue cnosa snetc cnouMn opasosauuen; ouo
coctout rar us uarnquo-opasuMx, tar u us actpartuMx u ooaeuuMx ronroueutos. 3to rossonet +enosery
sMupate oquu us sosnouMx sapuautos sua+euu s oquux cny+ax yrotpente cnoso s ero uarnquo-
opasuon, rourpetuon sua+euuu, a s qpyrux s ooaeuuon. Cnoso uneet nuoectso roteuuaneuMx
sua+euuu. 0quaro ouo, ue yqy+u so pase, s tercte, uneet nuae oquo yctou+usoe sua+euue.
+ysctseuuMn uocutenen oertusuoro sua+euu snetc pe+e. 8auou snetc u ta yuru sua+euu,
yuru ooaeuu, naroqap rotopou +enoser osnaqesaet ooaeuuMn +enose+ecrun orMton. KarosM
pone u necto sua+euu s rcuxu+ecrou usuu +enosera? 8ua+euue orocpeqyet otpaeuue +enoseron nupa, s
sua+euuu otrpMsaetc eny sc qeuctsuteneuocte, ouo ue sasucut ot uuqusuqyaneuoro nu+uoctuoro otuoaeuu
+enosera r qeuctsuteneuoctu, sua+euu cnos roctouuM u oquuarosM qn scex nkqeu, rosopaux ua qauuon
sMre.
|uqusuqyaneuoe, nu+uoctuoe otuoaeuue r cnosy u r oosua+euuMn un sneuun peanusyetc s cnMcne. 8
otnu+ue ot oneauuctsa nuursuctos . C. 8Mrotcruu srepsMe rpuneuun tepnuu cvecn qn oosua+euu
aertusuMx otuoaeuuu r oosua+aenony s cnose coqepauuk, rotopMe sosuurakt y cyerta s rpoecce
ero uuqusuqyaneuoro orMta. 8cneq sa . C. 8Mrotcrun ote+ectseuuMe rcuxonoru rpuneukt atu qsa tepnuua
rar ctporo pasnu+akauec neqy coou. uursuctanu e atu tepnuuM +acto rpuneuktc rar cuuouunM unu
pasnu+aktc unu, uo ro qpyrun ocuosauun.
. C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to scra nMcne sMsMsaetc r usuu vomueov u snetc cyertusuou- s ton
cnMcne, +to oua sMqenet us otopaaenou qeuctsuteneuoctu ty ee ctopouy, rotopa raetc cyerty
cyaectseuuou u s rotopou ou aertusuo sauutepecosau. oatony . C. 8Mrotcruu u pasqenn routu s+a-
ve+u+, otpaakaero oertusuMe cssu qeuctsuteneuoctu, u cvecna, rotopMu rpeqctasnet coou pesynetat
sMopa cyerton us sceu cuctenM sua+euuu tex us uux, rotopMe cootsetctsykt ero rotpeuoctn u notusan.
CnMcnM rpeonaqakt so suytpeuueu pe+u, rotopa u snetc nexauusnon, rpespaaakaun suytpeuuue

1
Tan e
2
Tan e.C. 356.
cyertusuMe cnMcnM s cucteny sueauux u oertusuMx sua+euuu.
. C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to cnMcn scerqa cnMcn +ero-to, +uctMx cnMcnos ue cyaectsyet. 8saunootuoaeuu
cnMcna cnosa u ero sua+euu cnouMe, u ouu uepeqro ue cosraqakt. 8ua+euue cnosa rpuuaqneut
oertusuony uctopu+ecrony nupy sneuuu u urcupyetc s sMre, ouo rpuopetaet yctou+usocte
uesasucuno ot uuqusuqyaneuoro otuoaeuu r ueny +enosera. CnMcn e cnosa scerqa uuqusuqyaneu u
snetc cosoryruoctek scex rcuxonoru+ecrux artopos, rotopMe sosuurakt s cosuauuu +enosera naro-
qap cnosy, u ou scerqa uneet csoe rcuxonoru+ecroe coqepauue. CnMcn cnosa usua+aneuo couaneu u
sMctyraet s ponu urcatopa couaneuoro orMta. A. l. eoutees rucan, +to cnMcny oy+ute uenes, ou
ropoqaetc canou usuek u sasucut ot sceu cosoryruoctu suauuu +enosera, ero usueuuoro u anououane-
uoro orMta, ero nu+uoctuMx ra+ects. 0u quuanu+eu, tery+, uneet uecronero sou pasnu+uou yctou+usoctu u
rpartu+ecru ueuc+epraen. Veqy cnMcnon u cnoson cyaectsykt ropasqo onee uesasucunMe otuoaeuu,
+en neqy cnoson u sua+euuen; cnosa noryt neute csou cnMcn s rpoecce passutu sMra u pe+u, a tare
sasucunoctu ot peaneuocteu usuu. Cnoso noet u ytpatut! cnMcn, rotopMu yqet saurcuposau s qpyron
cnose, unu sooa* cvecn voem c,(ecmeoeame es cnoe
1
. Karun opason nManeuue cssauo co cnMcnon?
VMcne cua+ana orocpeqyetc suytpeuuun cnoson, saten sua+euunu sueauux cnos u rose cnosanu,
c+utan . C. 8Mrotcruu
2
. Pe+esoe nManeuue rpeqctasnet coou rpoecc, rotopMu rpoxoqut +epes pq
ctaquu, rpetepresa rpu aton usneueuu uo xoqy ot nMcnu r cnosy (unu ot cnosa r nMcnu). Cneqyet
pasnu+ate qsa rnaua s canou pe+u: suytpeuukk, cnMcnosyk, cenautu+ecryk ctopouy pe+u u sueaukk qai
+ecry k, rotopMe uaxoqtc s equuctse., uo ouu ue toqectseuuM. 8uytpeuu pe+e orepupyet
rpeunyaectseuuo cenauturou, a.ue oueturou pe+u, u sqece ua repsMu rnau sMctyraet cnMcn cnosa.
Pe+esoe nManeuue ato cnouoe quuanu+ecroe enoe, s rotopon otuoaeuu neqy nMcnek u cnoson
rpeqctasnkt coou enMu pq repexoqos us oquoro rnaua s qpyrou (pe+e suytpeuu, sueau
arcrpeccusua u unrpeccusua, cenautu+ecrue'opnM oprauusauu cnosa u qp.). Pe+esoe nManeuue
ua+uuaetc ot notusa, rotopMl ropoqaet nMcne, qanee rpoucxoqut oopnneuue atou nMcnu, t. e.
orocpeqctsosauue ee so suytpeuuen cnose (pe+u), a saten oopnneuue s sua+euux sueauux cnos u, uaroue,
s cnosax. 3tot oau)" ryte ue scerqa peanusyetc s taron suqe, ou noet ua nkon sseue opMsatec, noryt
Mte suesaruMe repexoqM us oquoro rnaua s qpyrou, uo rnasuMe ny qsueuu nMcnu ato rytu ot notusa
+epes nMcne r suytpeuueu pe+u; ot suypeuue pe+u r nMcnu; ot suytpeuueu pe+u r sueaueu u t. q.
Be p6ansu 0-norueckoe nManeuue, rocpeqctson rotoporo +enoser, orupace ua sMr, noet sMutu sa
rpeqenM uerocpeqctseuuoro +ysctseuuoro socrputu sueauero nupa, otpaate cnouMe cssu u otuoaeuu,
opnuposate routu, peaate cnouMe teopetu+ecrue saqa+u, snetc ocuosuMn cpeqctson rosuasa-
teneuou qeteneuoctu. 3tot suq nManeuu peanusyetc rpu peaeuuu nuorux saqa+, cssauuMx c sMron;
oquun us tarux suqos qeteneuoctu snetc paota c nutepatypuMn tercton. Auanus paotM cyerta c
tercton rorasan, +to atot suq uutennertyane-
Cn.: 8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982. T. 2,C. 348. Tan e.C. 358.
uou qeteneuoctu noet sutec noqenek rpu uccneqosauuu sep-aneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu u
sarouonepuocteu ero uapyaeuu.
laa sMop nutepatypuoro tercta s ra+ectse oerta uccneqosauu cssau eae u c ten, +to atot suq
qeteneuoctu, uaxoqauuc ua ctMre pe+u u nManeuu, snetc oquun us suqos coctseuuo pe+esoro
nManeuu. onuoeuuoe u ronuoe rouunauue tercta tpeyet ot cyerta rpouuruoseuu s cenautury tercta,
snaqeuu orepaunu auanusa u cuutesa, actparuu u ooaeuu. Paota e uaq coctasneuuen rnaua r
tercty rpeqronaraet coxpauuocte pe+esoro nManeuuu rar rpoecca, oquou us as rotoporo snetc
coctasneuue rnaua.
|ccneqosauue atoro suqa uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s paote c nutepatypuMn tercton oneuMx c
noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra, corposoqakaunuc uapyaeuuen pe+u, aasueu (ropaeuue teneuuo-
satMno+uMx otqenos nesoro ronyaapu nosracenautu+ecra aasu) u rpoterakaunu es aasuu (ro-
paeuue nouMx otqenos nosra), sMsnet quepeuuposauuoe uapyaeuue sepaneuonoru+ecroro
nManeuu s +actu ero nexauusnos u ctpyrtypM u sasucunocte atoro uapyaeuu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra,
+to rossonet nue roqoutu r peaeuuk sorpoca o nosrosMx ocuosax nManeuu.
pu uccneqosauuu qeteneuoctu oneuMx c nutepatypuMn tercton uac uutepecosan sorpoc, raroe sseuo s
ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuoro arta oraetc uapyaeuuMn, a tare rponena uapyaeuu unu coxpauuoctu
orepauu nMcnuteneuoro arta. ponena rouunauu tercta u pone sua+euu u cnMcna pe+esMx aneneutos,
ux coxpauuoctu unu uapyaeuu s peanusauu rouunauu tercta Mna eutpaneuou s uaaen uccneqosauuu.
lac uutepecosan tare u sorpoc: rarue rytu peanusauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca rpu paote c tercton
oraytc ua6onee yssunMnu: ryte ot notusa------>n r nMcnu------rq oaun cnMcnan------>r sua+euuk unu
ryte ot pe+u (sua+euu) ------*- r cnMcny------* r nMcnu?
C rponenou nManeuu, a tare sua+euu cnMcna tecuo cssaua rponena rouunauu, s ton +ucne u
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
rouunauu pe+u, rotopa uneet oneayk u qnuteneuyk uctopuk, uo octaetc artyaneuou u* s uactoaee
spen. VequcurnuuapuMu xapartep u nuoroacrertuocte rponenM, ueqoctato+ua paspaotauuocte
netoqos uccneqosauu, tpyquoctu sMopa s arcrepuneute uuquratopos u rputepues rouunauu, a tare
cnouocte canoro euoneua rouunauue, otcytctsue oquosua+uoro ero orpeqeneuu sce ato qenaet aty
rponeny octpoqucryccuouuou.
ucryccuouuMnu octaktc tarue sorpocM, rar cyaectsosauue pasuMx yposueu rpopaotru, peanusauu
rouunauu cnos, rpeqnoeuuu, rapanneneuocte unu rocneqosateneuocte repepaotru sepaneuou
uuopnauu, uarpasneuuocte rpoecca ot enoro r +actu unu ot +actu r enony. Vuorue uccneqosatenu
yrasMsakt ua ueqoctato+uyk paspaotauuocte oaercuxonoru+ecrux ronoeuuu, racakauxc rouunauu, s
ton +ucne pe+u.
r 97
|ccneqosauue rouunauu pe+u snetc sauMn acrerton oaeu rponenM rouunauu. la aton rytu
sctpe+aetc nuoro tpyquocteu, s ton +ucne cnouocte orpeqeneuu canoro routu. 8 ote+ectseuuou
rcuxonoruu cyaectsyet enMu pq orpeqeneuuu rouunauu. Tar, uarpunep, oquu rcuxonoru c+utakt
rouunauue pesynetaton nManeuu (. l. onaes), qpyrue otuoct rouunauue r nMcnuteneuMn rpoeccan
(8. A. Aptenos, A. A. Cnupuos, l. A. Veu+uucra), tpeteu otoqectsnkt rouunauue u nManeuue (l. C.
Koctkr).
8 cospeneuuou rcuxonoruu no+uva+ue paccnatpusaetc rar nMcneuuoe socrpousseqeuue oertusuoro
rpoecca sosu-uruose-uu u opnuposauu rpeqneta eneuarpasneuuou qeteneuoctu u nManeuu'.
VMcneuuoe rpeopasosauue rpeqneta scerqa cootuocutc co cnMcnon enu rpeopasosauu. lecnotp ua
paspoc nueuuu s orpeqeneuuu rouunauu, nuorue uccneqosatenu cxoqtc ua orpeqeneuuu ero yuruu u
ctpyrtypM. lauoneaeu rostopenoctek otnu+aetc yrasauue ua to, +to rouunauue coctout s pacrpMtuu
pasnu+uMx csseu u otuoaeuuu, cyaectsykaux neqy rpeqnetanu u sneuunu oertusuoro nupa, u rpno
cssauo c ero rosuauuen (. l. onaes). cuxonoru yrasMsakt ua sua+uteneuyk pone pe+u qn. rouunauu,
rqe pe+e sMctyraet u rar cpeqctso rouunauu, u rar ycnosue u opna ero ocyaectsneuu. oatony usy+euue
rouunauu pe+u snetc sauMn qn peaeuu rponenM rouunauu.
A. P. ypu paccnatpusan rouunauue pe+u, ocoeuuo cssuMx otpMsros, terctos, srnk+akaux oayk nMcne,
rar ...cnouMu ryte artusuoro qucrypcusuoro nManeuu
2
. 0u sMqenn tpu sseua s ctpyrtype rouunauu
pe+u: 1) sMqeneuue to+uoro sua+euu otqeneuMx cnos; 2) ycsoeuue cuutarcu+ecrux otuoaeuuu, s rotopMe atu
cnosa sctyrakt; 3) sMqeneuue oaero cnMcna cooaeuu. epsMe qsa sseua, ro A. P. ypuu, s sua+uteneuou
nepe rpoterakt s panrax sMrosMx rpasun, a rpu auanuse rouunauu enoro sMcrasMsauu nM sMxoqun sa
rpeqenM nuursuctu+ecrux rponen u repexoqun r auanusy rponen pe+esoro nManeuu unu rosuasateneuou
qeteneuoctu s enon.
Paccnatpusa pasnu+uMe rosuuu s nutepatype otuocuteneuo rouunauu, A. P. ypu c+utan, +to uauonee
rpoqyrtusuou snetc ue nuursuctu+ecra roueru rouunauu, cornacuo rotopou qn rouunauu cnMcna
pe+esoro tercta qoctato+uo unete rpo+uMu u auporuu cnosape u suate rpannatu+ecrue rpasuna sMra, a
rcuxonoru+ecra roueru. 8 atou roueruu rpoecc rouunauu paccnatpusaetc rar roucrosa
qeteneuocte, ua+uuakaac c roucros oaeu nMcnu s sMcrasMsauuu u tonero roton repeneaakaac ua
nercuro-ouetu+ecruu (yctauosneuue
1
cuxonoru+ecruu cnosape / oq peq. 8. 8- asMqosa.V.. 1983.:. 264.
2
y p u + A. P. 0cuosuMe rponenM ueuponuursucturu.V., 1975.C. 44.
sua+euu otqeneuMx cnos) u ua cuutarcu+ecruu yposeue (pacauposra sua+euuu otqeneuMx pas).
0 sauoctu usy+euu rouunauu pe+u qn yrnyneuu rpeqctasneuuu o rouunauuu rucan u . C. 8Mrotcruu.
n uccneqosauu rouunauu pe+u sauoe sua+euue uneet sMqsuuytMu un tesuc o qsyx rnauax pe+u ato
suytpeuu, cnMcnosa, cenautu+ecra ctopoua pe+u u sueau, ssy+aaa, asu+ecra ctopoua, rotopMe
...xot u opasykt roqnuuuoe equuctso, uo unekt raqa csou ocoMe sarouM qsueuu'. CnMcnosa
ctopoua pe+u uqet s csoen passutuu, a tare u s rpoecce rouunauu ot enoro r +actu, ot tercta,
rpeqnoeuu r cnosy, a sueau ot +actu r enony. ouunauue, ro . C. 8Mrotcrony, uqet ot sueauero
rnaua pe+u r suytpeuueny, u sqece rpoucxoqut rpespaaeuue rpannaturu cnos s rpannatury nMcnu.
8 uauonee oaeu opne rpoecc rouunauu cnMcna sMcrasMsauu, tercta scerqa ecte rpoecc otopa u
corpaaeuu, artusuou repepaotru cooaeuu, ero ceneruu
2
. Ecnu rouunauue sua+euu otqeneuMx cnos u
rpeqnoeuuu rpoteraet s sua+uteneuou nepe s panrax sMrosMx rpasun rpasun oueturu u nercuru,
noponoruu u cuutarcuca, to rouunauue enoctuoro tercta unu sMcrasMsauu sMxoqut sa panru sMra u
sxoqut ye s rponenM rcuxonoruu pe+esoro nManeuu unu rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu. ouunauue ecte
scerqa rpoecc pacauposru oaero cnMcna, rotopMu ctput sa sepaneuMn cooaeuuen.
8 rocnequux cospeneuuMx uccneqosauux rouunauue paccnatpusaetc rar ronroueut nManeuu. lerotopMe
us uux auanusupykt rouunauue rar cnouMu suq nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu, rotopMu sasucut ot enu u
tura peaaenMx saqa+
3
. AstopM paccnatpusakt tpu suqa rouunauu rouunauue-ysuasauue, rouunauue-
rurotesa u rkuunauue*poquueuue, rotopMe otnu+aktc u ro rpoeccy, u ro rcuxonoru+ecrun nexauusnan.
lauonee rpoctMn us uux snetc rouunauue-ysuasauue, a onee cnouMn rouunauue-oequueuue.
ocnequuu suq rposnetc oM+uo ua sasepaakaux atarax nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca. 3tot suq rouunauu
peanusyetc s uaxoqeuuu u ocnMcneuuu otqeneuMx +acteu enoro u s uaxoqeuuu necta raqou +actu s
enon.
3tot ssrnq ua rouunauue u ero suqM rpeqctasnet qn uac sua+uteneuMu uutepec, tar rar s rnuuure
nosrosMx ropaeuuu rouunauue noet uapyaatec ro-pasuony u rpu pasuMx ycnosux noryt orasatec
uapyaeuuMnu pasuMe ero suqM.
8 sapyeuMx uccneqosauux tare yqenetc nuoro suunauu oaun sorpocan rponenM rouunauu u
rouunauu pe+u. 8 atou
1
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.-- T. 2.C. 306.
, Cn.: ypu A. P. FsMr u coiuaue. V., 1979.
Cn.: 8uaros 8. 8., Tuxonupos 0. K. ouunauue ekca rar npo-Uecc roctauosru u peaeuu nMcnuteneuou saqa+u // 8ectuur Vl/ 'Cepu 14
cuxonoru.1991.-N 3.-C. 1727.
29
cssu rpeqctasnet uutepec paota anepuraucrux uccneqosateneu X. Knapr u E. Knapr, rocsaeuua
usy+euuk rpoeccos rouunauu pe+u, pe+erpoussoqctsa u ycsoeuu sMra, a tare rponenan otuoaeuuu
neqy sMron u nManeuuen. AstopM paccnatpusakt rpoecc rouunauu pe+u rar nuoroctyreu+atMu u
sMqenkt pq ctyreueu ot uerocpeqctseuuoro socrputu rotora pe+u u yqepauu s orepatusuou rantu
ouonoru+ecroro rpeqctasneuu qo opnuposauu rnyuuuMx cyqeuuu, coxpaueuu ux s rantu c
saMsauuen ouonoru+ecroro rpeqctasutenectsa.
lauoneauu uutepec rpeqctasnet sMqeneuue unu qsyx turos ctpateruu qn oecre+euu rouunauu: I)
cuutarcu+ecra ucronesyet rpannatury qn uqeutuurauu ronroueutos sMcrasMsauu; 2) cenautu+ecra
ryte ot oaero cnMcna r rourpetuMn aneneutan sMcrasMsauu. /rasMsaetc tare ua ruryk ronuuauk
atux qsyx ctpateruu s peaneuMx rpoeccax socrputu u rouunauu pe+u. 3ta teopu qn uac rpeqctasnet
ocoMu uutepec, tar rar ee rcuxonoru+ecra peaneuocte, c oquou ctopouM, qorasMsaetc uaaun
arcrepuneutaneuMn natepuanon, rotopMu yqet orucau uue, a c qpyrou oua secena rpoqyrtusua qn
teopetu+ecroro ero ocnMcneuu.
Tarun opason, ye rpatruu osop rponenM rouunauu u rouunauu pe+u yrasMsaet, c oquou ctopouM, ua
pasuMe rosuuu pasnu+uMx uccneqosateneu s sorpocax ctpyrtypM u aneneutos rouunauu, a c qpyrou nM
suqun, +to s uerotopMx uccneqosauux uankqaetc cnueuue rosuuu. Tar, . C. 8Mrotcruu, a scneq sa
uun A. P. ypu, A. l. eoutees, A. l. Coronos u qpyrue otne+akt nuoroyposuesoe roctpoeuue rpoecca
rouunauu, yrasMsakt ua uanu+ue nuursuctu+ecroro u rcuxonoru+ecroro (a y Knapros cenautu+ecroro)
yposueu rpeopasosauu uuopnauu c enek ee rouunauu.
VM suqun, +to rouunauue rar rponenua onacte rcuxonoruu nManeuu usy+eua suo ueqoctato+uo:
uccneqosatenu qo cux rop ucrMtMsakt tpyquoctu c yrasauuen tou ponu, rotopyk rouunauue urpaet s
nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu. leqoctato+ua paspaotauuocte atou rponenM, paspoc rpeqctasneuuu o
rytx ee uccneqosauu, a tare u o ctpoeuuu rpoecca rouunauu pe+u u pe+esoro nManeuu tpeykt
qaneueuaux yrnyneuuMx uccneqosauuu u uosMx roqxoqos, ryteu ee usy+euu. Tarun ryten noet orasatec
ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu netoq uccneqosauu, rotopMu ot uccneqosauu ratonoruu pe+esoro nManeuu noet
roqoutu r oaercuxonoru+ecrun sMsoqan.
8 atou cssu uanu Mno rposeqeuo arcrepuneutaneuo-teopetu+ecroe uccneqosauue qeteneuoctu oneuMx (c
noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra) c nutepatypuMn tercton, uapyaeuu ero rouunauu, rouunauu oneuMnu
cnMcna u sua+euu, yneuu sMqente +actu tercta, oequute ux s enoe, coctasnte rnau.
eteneuocte ro coctasneuuk rnaua r rpo+utauuony tercty unu r coctseuuony sMcrasMsauuk (co+uueuuk)
uanu Mna ssta
s ra+ectse rpeqneta uccneqosauu s cssu c ten, +to coctasneuue rnaua qeuctsuu u s enon rnauuposauue
qeteneuoctu srnk+aetc s nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc u rpu peaeuuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+ rnauuposauue
qeuctsuu ato cnouoe sseuo rpoecca roucra peaeuuu. |ssectuo tare, +to tarue ocoeuuoctu
qeteneuoctu +enosera, rar usupateneuocte, eneuarpasneuuocte, orpeqenktc, s +actuoctu, uanu+uen
rnaua.
8 uaaen cny+ae pe+e uqet o sepaneuMx qeuctsux oneuoro, uarpasneuuMx ua uccneqosauue tercta
(opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte), ato tar uasMsaenMe uccneqosatenecrue qeuctsu, unu
orepauu. 3tu qeuctsu rpeqaectsykt qpyrun qeuctsun ro rpeopasosauuk tercta, ro rpespaaeuuk
passepuytoro sMcrasMsauu s csepuytyk opny, s rotopou s suqe otqeneuMx pas repeqaetc canoe
cyaectseuuoe us coqepauu tercta u ero cnMcna; rnauon saqaetc equua uarpasneuuocte nMcnuteneuoro
rpoecca.
peqe +en repeutu r auanusy natepuanos arcrepuneuta, uecronero cnos o tercte. VM sMpanu terct qn
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
uccneqosauu nManeuu, rocronery ou, so-repsMx, snetc uauonee yuusepcaneuMn oerton rouunauu
u, so-stopMx,oso spen ocnMcneuuoro +teuu cyert ocyaectsnet ronrnerc nMcnuteneuMx orepauu u
qeuctsuu. 8 nuursucture, rar u s rcuxonoruu, sarou+euuoe orpeqeneuue tercta, tar c+utakt u nuursuctM, u
rcuxonoru, ua ceroquauuu qeue otcytctsyet. 0quaro ecte pasuoro poqa rorMtru qate taroe orpeqeneuue unu
uaqenute terct pqon ocoeuuocteu. |utepec s aton cnMcne rpeqctasnkt ocoeuuoctu, rpusuaru tercta,
copnynuposauuMe nuursuctanu E. luusypron u V. pocton. 0uu c+utakt, +to, so-repsMx, terctM
xapartepusyktc sarou+euuoctek, +acte tercta ue noet Mte tercton. 8o-stopMx, c tercton scerqa cssauo
ue+to sueterctosoe, t, e. -coqepauue tercta u ero cnMcn. 8-tpeteux, terct scerqa*cssau c uerotopou
onactek +enose+ecrou qeteneuoctu u c cuctenou routuu. | uaroue, raqMu terct uneet orpeqeneuuyk
rouctpyruk, ua rotopyk, rar ruayt astopM, uaseaauM aneneutM tercta.
pyrou nuursuct, |. A. Vene+yr, orpeqenet terct +epes sMr unu, sepuee, ssoqut terct s orpeqeneuue
ectectseuuoro sMra. 0u ruaet: EctectseuuMu sMr ato ocooro poqa rpeopasosatene, sMronukauu
repepaotry saqauuMx cnMcnos s cootsetctsykaue un terctM u saqauuMx terctos s cootsetctsykaue un
cnMcnM
1
.
8 aton sMcrasMsauuu qn uaaero qaneueuaero auanusa paotM oneuMx c tercton snetc sauMn
ronoeuue o ponu +se|a |a| cpedcmea npeopasoeamen+ me|cmoe e coomeemcme,s(ue cvecne. cuxonoru+ecruu
roqxoq r tercty tare paccnatpusaet uanu+ue enoctuoctu sMcrasMsauu, ero cnMcna, csse tercta c ra-
Vene+yr |. A. 0rMt teopuu nuursuctu+ecrux noqeneu. CnMcn terct*.V., 1974,C. 9.
ko-n 6o qeteneuoctek +enosera u sMxoq ero cnMcna sa rpeqenM sMrosoro natepuana s ra+ectse
saueuaux xapartepuctur tercta. A. P. ypu rucan, +to ...rpu auanuse rouunauu enoro sMcrasMsauu nM
ye sMxoqun sa rpeqenM nuursuctu+ecrux rponen u repexoqun s rponenM ncuxonocuu peveeoco veane+u+
unu rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu s enon
1
.
TerctM unekt pasnu+uyk ctpyrtypy u uarpasneuuocte u qentc ua orucateneuMe, rosectsosateneuMe,
ocuuteneuMe u xyqoectseuuMe. ouunauue pasnu+uMx suqos tercta ctasut socrpuuunakaero terct
cyerta repeq pasnu+uMnu saqa+anu, tpeyet pasnu+uou rnyuuM auanusa u ooaeuu. CyaectseuuMn
artopon s rouunauuu tercta snetc ctereue suaronoctu cooaaenoro s tercte natepuana. oatony
rpoecc auanusa suaronoro (sMcoro+actotuoro) tercta saneaaetc rpoeccon ysuasauu. poecc rouunauu
terctos uneet rpuuuruaneuo uuyk rcuxonoru+ecryk ctpyrtypy, +en rouunauue cnosa unu rpeqnoeuu, u
...sMxoqut qanero sa rpeqenM nuursuctu+ecrux sarouonepuocteu
2
.
+toM route terct, ueoxoquno. pacauposate ue tonero sua+euu otqeneuMx cnos unu npruro-
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu rpeqnoeuuu, us rotopMx coctout terct, t. e. pacauposate nuursuctu+ecruu
yposeue.ctpyrtypM tercta, uo sMutu sa rpeqenM ero sMrosoro sMpaeuu, paotate ua rcuxonoru+ecron
yposue ero roctpoeuu: route csse ero c sueaueu" qeteneuoctek +enosera, c sueauun rpeqnetuMn nupon
u ten canMn rpouuruyte s cnMcn tercta.
8 cnouon tercte rouunauue ero cnMcna uneet cnouMu rcuxonoru+ecruu nexauusn .u sMxoqut sa panru;
rouunauu rocneqosateneuo uqyaux rpeqnoeuuu; cnMcn tercta' ue uc+eprMsaetc cnMcnon otqeneuMx
rpeqnoeuuu u qae cynnou atux cnMcnos, ou sMctyraet uaq coctasnkaunu terct rpeqnoeuunu. pu
rnyoron rouunauuu tercta ouu cnyat-nuae natepuanon, cpeqctson qn rpouuruoseuu s cnMcn.
ouunauue tercta s aton cny+ae tpeyet actparuu ot +actuMx sua+euuu otqeneuMx aneneutos tercta u ot
sueauero coqepauu, sarnk+euuoro s uen. oatony uauonee cyaectseuuMn sseuon s rouunauuu tercta
snetc suytpeuuuu cnMcnosou auanus; yneuue route'cnMcn tercta snetc rpusuaron coxpauuoctu
pe+esoro nMcnuteneuoro arta. cuxonoru+ecra ctpyrtypa atoro sseua qo cux rop octaetc nanousy+euuou.
8 cnouMx terctax ux cnMcn ue csoqutc r rocneqosateneuoctu cnMcnos qae otqeneuMx ux +acteu. 8qece
ueoxoqun auanus tercta, pasqeneuue ero ua +actu ro cnMcny, coroctasneuue otqeneuMx, uuorqa qanero
otctoaux qpyr ot qpyra +acteu, uo nusrux ro cnMcny, cosqauue ua ocuose atoro auanusa rurotesM o oaen
cnMcne c sMxoqon sa rpeqenM tercta r ero roqtercty,
1
y p u A. P. 0cuosuMe rponenM ueuponuursucturu.V., 1975. C. 149.
8
Tan e.C. 173-
32
uuorqa r notusan, rotopMe crpMtM sa atun tercton, u t. q. Tonero tara nMcnuteneua qeteneuocte noet
rpusectu r ronuony u ronuoeuuony rouunauuk roqouMx terctos.
ouunauue tarux terctos uneet pasuyk rnyuuy, +to ocoeuuo pro ouapyusaetc rpu noraneuMx
ropaeuux nosra. l. l. Vopososa , uccneqy rponeny rouunauu tercta rnyxouenMnu qetenu, rpuana r
sMsoqy, +to atot rpoecc uneet orpeqeneuuyk uepapxuk yposueu s ero ctpyrtype. Tar, repsMu yposeue
oecre+usaet rouunauue nuae artu+ecroro (anrupu+ecroro) coqepauu tercta (cnosa, pasM), t. e.
toro, o vev rosoputc s tercte. 8topou yposeue rouunauue nMcnu, rpno ue sMpaeuuou s tercte
(ynosarnk+akaee rouunauue rpeqnetuoro coqepauu), t. e. toro, vmo rosoputc s tercte. Tpetuu yposeue
pacrpMtue notusa, ue sMpaeuuoro rpno s tercte, rouunauue ooaeuuoro cnMcna, nopanu-, roqtercta. la
atou ocuose ek Mnu sMqeneuM tpu ctyreuu rouunauu: 1- ctyreue srnk+aet tonero repsMu yposeue
rouunauu; 2- ctyreue srnk+aet u repsMu u stopou yposuu; 3- ctyreue srnk+aet sce tpu yposu u
oecre+usaet ronuoeuuoe rouunauue nMcnu u rpasuneuoe ee opnynuposauue. ouunauue cnouMx
terctos y uerotopou rpyrrM oneuMx, rar yqet rorasauo uue, noet octauosutec ua yposue rouunauu
nuae ero anrupu+ecroro coqepauu (1-u yposeue), y qpyrux n tonero oaeu nMcnu, ooaeuuoro
rouunauu toro, vmo rosoputc s tercte, cnytuoro +ysctsosauu cnMcna (2-u yposeue) u t. q. Tara pasuua s
auanuse u rouunauuu sasucut ue tonero ot crocouocteu cyerta r pe+esony nManeuuk, uo u ot canoro
tercta ero coqepauu, ctpyrtypM, noruro-rpannatu+ecrux roctpoeuuu, +actotuoctu coqepauu u
nuursuctu+ecrux aneneutos u t. q. larpunep, rosectsosateneuMe u orucateneuMe terctM, rotopMe
otnu+aktc qpyr ot /ayra ro nuorun rapanetpan, tpeykt pasuou rnyuuM auanusa qn to+uoro u
ooaeuuoro ux
rouunauu.
8 rpocton rosectsosateneuon tercte qoctato+uo nerro yctauosute noru+ecryk rocneqosateneuocte coMtuu
u route ux cnMcn, cnMcn tercta, orupace ua rouunauue rourpetuoro xoqa coMtuu. larpunep: lactyruna
secua. lpa+u rpunetenu. ConuMauo pactoruno rocnequuu cuer, roeanu py+eu, rosunuce repsMe setM u
t. q.
8 cnouMx rosectsosateneuMx terctax xyqoectseuuMx, uay+uMx cnMcn enoro ue csoqutc r
rocneqosateneuoctu cnMcna otqeneuMx +acteu, sqece ueoxoqun rnyoruu auanus u cuutes otqeneuMx +acteu
tercta, yneuue sMqenute ux u coroctasute ro cnMcny, a ue ro ropqry ux cneqosauu; rouunauue taroro
tercta tpeyet sMxoqa sa rpeqenM artu+ecrou ero ctopouM r roqtercty.
Cn.: Vopososa l. l. 0 rouunauuu tercta // |ssectu Al PC1CP. '947,-8Mr. 7.
8 orucateneuMx terctax, rar rpasuno, uet co6suoc, quuanuru cketa, a ecte orucauue orpeqeneuuMx
rpusuaros, csoucts
sneuuu unu rpeqnetos. oatony orucateneuMe terctM, qae rpoctMe, tpyquM qn auanusa u rnyororo
rouunauu, ten onee qn coctasneuu rnaua.
Ecnu s rpoctMx rosectsosateneuMx terctax uneetc rotosMu rnau usnoeuu (repecrasa u rouunauu),
rpeqctasneuuMu s suqe rocneqosateneuoro passutu coMtuu, to s orucateneuon tercte atot rnau
uerocpeqctseuuo ycnotpete tpyquo ero uyuo eevne+ume, artusuo paota uaq auanuson ue tonero
coqepauu, uo u ctpyrtypM tercta.
8Mae nM ye rucanu, +to uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte sosuuraet s tex cny+ax, rorqa ctoaa repeq
cyerton ene qaetc s cnouMx ycnosux, ucrnk+akaux uerocpeqctseuuoe ee qoctueuue rpnMnu,
xopoao ycsoeuuMnu s rpoanon orMte cpeqctsanu. 0ua snetc artusuMn rpoeccon, uarpasneuuMn ua
orpeqeneuuyk ene, rpoteraet ro tury sMopa aqersatuMx usupateneuMx csseu u orupaetc ua pq
rocneqosateneuMx qeuctsuu unu orepauu, es rotopMx qoctueuue enu uesosnouo.
cuxonoru+ecra ctpyrtypa uutennertyaneuoro arta srnk+aet rpeqe scero
opueutuposo+uouccneqosatenecryk qeteneuocte, c rotopou u ua+uuaet passeptMsatec nMcnuteneuMu art.
la aton atare cyert auanusupyet ycnosue saqa+u "(saqauu), coroctasnet qauuMe ycnosu c ucronMn. la
ocuose rony+euuou uuopnauu cosqaetc rnau peaeuu saqa+u, rotopMu u peanusyetc c ronoaek
orpeqeneuuMx orepauu, cootsetctsykaux uauqeuuony crocoy (unu anroputny) peaeuu nkou,
nMcnuteneuou saqa+u. Ecnu paccnotpete c atou to+ru speuu paoty c pe+esMn ruceneuuMn tercton ro ero
rouunauuk, to nM ouapyun, +to paota c tercton cootsetctsyet scen tpeosauun, rpeqsnenMn r
nMcnuteneuMn saqa+an.
Terct, rar u nka nMcnuteneua saqa+a, xapartepusyetc, rar nM ye suqenu, cnouou rcuxonoru+ecrou
ctpyrtypou u snetc sMpaeuuen s sMrosou opne uerotoporo coqepauu. Coctout ou us pas u
otqeneuMx cnMcnosMx +acteu, raqa us rotopMx uecet csok nMcne, uo oquospeneuuo snetc srnaqon s
oauu cnMcn tercta. lauonee cnouou +actek, ataron nMcnuteneuoro arta, snetc coctasneuue rnaua
rpo+utauuoro tercta, eae onee tpyquMn snetc coctasneuue rpeqsaputeneuoro rnaua yqyaero tercta
(co+uueuu). | s ton us qpyron cny+ae rpu coctasneuuu rnaua uyuo sM+neuute cyaectseuuoe s raqou +actu
tercta, otsne+ec ot uecyaectseuuoro u coctasute rnau tar, +toM sce +actu Mnu ro cnMcny
rocneqosateneuo ssaunocssauM. n atoro cua+ana terct (unu nMcne)"" pasusaetc ua cnMcnosMe +actu,
rotopMe u ctauostc oropuMnu cnMcnosMnu ryurtanu qn coctasneuu rnaua. Tarue oropuMe cnMcnosMe
ryurtM noryt sosuuruyte nuae s utore artusuou cosuateneuou paotM ro sMqeneuuk rnasuoro,
cyaectseuuoro. 8ce atu orepauu snktc
M
coctasuou +actek nkou nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu. Tara rpeqsaputeneua auanutu+ecra paota
sarau+usaetc oM+uo ooaeuuen rony+euuou uuopnauu, sMpaakaunc s pasqeneuuu rnasuMx
cnMcnosMx ryurtos u stopoctereuuMx. 8MqeneuuMe sua+ane nurpotenM oequuktc s narpotenM, u
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
rnau ten canMn rar M yrpyruetc. 3tot rpoecc sarau+usaetc cootsetctsykaun opnynuposauuen
ocuosuMx sMqeneuuMx nMcneu s pe+u.
K rouunauuk cnMcna tercta rpeqsnetc uecronero cyaectseuuMx tpeosauuu, unu ycnosuu. epeoe ato
ueoxoqunocte coxpa++ocmu a+anusa u cu+mesa, coroctasneuu otqeneuMx parneutos u +acteu tercta,
cosqauu rurotes o oaen cnMcne, uepeqro c sMxoqon sa rpeqenM sueauero tercta u c repexoqon s
roqterct. 3mopev ycnosuen snetc o(e+|a c|pemoco cvecna. anee pacauposra coqepauu tercta
tpeyet usupamene+ocmu ncuxonocuvec|ux onepa(uu, roctouuoro topnoeuu scex roo+uMx csseu,
rotopMe noryt scrnMsate ro xoqy auanusa tercta, +to snetc mpemeuv ycnosuen paotM uaq rouunauuen
tercta. emeepmev ycnosuen rouunauu cnouoro pe+esoro cooaeuu snetc +anuvue cne(uane+ex
,cunuu, uuorqa sua+uteneuou paotM uaq tercton, uaq sMcrasMsauuen, uarpasneuuou ua a+anus nocu|o-
cpavvamuvec|ux ce+seu, ua coroctasneuue otqeneuMx cnMcnosMx parneutos tercta u t.
1
q. oqoua
uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte tpeyet ue tonero ycuneuuou paotM, uo u a|mue+ocmu s qoctueuuu enu,
ee eneuarpasneuuoctu u notusuposauuoctu. leoxoqunocte a|mue+ou (ene+anpaene++ou paome snetc
n+mev ycnosuen rouunauu coqepauu u cnMcna tercta, t. e. sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu.
Cneqyet otnetute, +to rpoeccM rouunauu yctuoro sMcrasMsauu u ruceneuuoro tercta rpu ero +teuuu
unekt pasuyk rcuxonoru+ecryk ctpyrtypy. ouunauue yctuoro sMcrasMsauu orupaetc ua oneaoe +ucno
qoronuuteneuMx suesMrosMx artopos cooaeuu (cutyau, uesepaneuMe cpeqctsa ronnyuurauu, uu-
touau u t. q.). 8 ruceneuuon tercte sce atu cpeqctsa otcytctsykt, rouunauue ero tpeyet cosepaeuuo
qpyrou rnyuuM u qpyrux cpeqcts auanusa tercta, qpyrux notusos, suauuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM
tercta, artusuoctu u t. q. ouunauue ruceneuuoro tercta rpoteraet oneae ro sarouan sepaneuo-
noru+ecroro nManeuu, rouunauue e yctuou pe+u ro sarouan sMrosMn u pe+esMn. +to racaetc yctuou
arcrpeccusuou pe+u, oua uneet nuoro opn. 8 uaaen cny+ae rpu rouunauuu tercta, rar nM ysuqun uue,
oneuMe rpuerakt r yctuou pe+u, r repecrasMsauuk tercta. A yctua pe+e uecet ue tonero yuruk
oaeuu, repeqa+u uuopnauu unu cooaeuu, uo uepeqro snetc ...cpedcmeov ompaom|u vecnu u
urpaet oneayk pone s ,mov+e+uu cocmee++ou u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmu c,se|ma
1
.
y p u A. P. Pe+e u nManeuue.V., 1975.C. 70.
Paota c nutepatypuMn tercton (repecras, coctasneuue rnaua r rpo+utauuony, cpasueuue rpo+utauuMx
terctos, tsop+ecroe qonMcnusauue rpo+utauuoro u t. q.) snetc oquou us uauonee pacrpoctpaueuuMx u
cyaectseuuMx opn paotM s socctauosuteneuon oy+euuu. |sy+euue rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM pasuMx su-
qos terctos, uccneqosauue sarouos rouunauu nutepatypuoro tercta oneuMnu c pasuMnu o+arosMnu
ropaeuunu nosra-noryt sutec cyaectseuuou oropou s roucrax rpasuneuou netoquru socctauosneuu
tarux sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, rar pe+e, nManeuue, rante u qp.
partura socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu yrasMsaet ua to, +to oneuMe c pasuMnu o+aranu ropaeuu
ucrMtMsakt pasuMe tpyquoctu rpu paote c nutepatypuMn tercton. 3tu pasnu+u ouapyusaktc ye rpu
repsu+uon socrputuu tercta, rouunauuu rpo+utauuoro, s otuoaeuuu r rpo+utauuony, a rpu qaneueuaeu
paote c tercton s saronuuauuu tercta, s sosnouoctu ero repecrasa, s coctasneuuu r ueny rnaua u t. q.
lue nM usnoun arcrepuneutaneuMe qauuMe qsyx cepuu orMtos, uarpasneuuMx ua uccneqosanue
nexauusnos u ctpyrtypM uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-
satMno+uMx u nouMx otqenos ropM nesoro ronyaapu. / repsou rpyrrM oneuMx uapyaeuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpoterakt s cuuqpone aasuu, a y stopou s cuuqpone uapyaeuu oaero
roseqeuu, eneuarpasneuuoctu, uo es uapyaeuu pe+u.
|ccneqosanace qeteneuocte oneuMx c nutepatypuMn tercton: auanus tercta, rouunauue coqepauu u- ero
cnMcna, yneuue coctasneuu rnaua tercta. VM rpeqronounu, +to pasnu+u s tpyquoctx, sosuurakaux y
oneuMx rpu paote c tercton, uenes sMsectu tonero us pasuou rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM nutepatypuMx
terctos, s oneaou nepe atu pasnu+u cssauM c uapyaeuuen uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u c torurou
ropaeuu ropM nosra. +toM rposepute sosuurayk rurotesy, nM cqenanu paoty c nutepatypuMn tercton, a
uneuuo yneuue coctasnte rnau r rpo+utauuony tercty, rpeqneton creuaneuoro uccneqosauu, enek
rotoporo sunoce arcrepuneutaneuoe usy+euue ctpyrtypM uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuoro arta y oneuMx c
pasuMnu o+aranu ropaeuu nosra: c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx (1- rpyrra oneuMx) u nouMx
cucten nosra (2- rpyrra oneuMx). apanneneuo sMcunuce sosnouoctu u rytu socctauosneuu qeertos
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
3rcrepuneut cocton us qsyx +acteu. 8 repsou rouctatupykaeu +actu uccneqosanoce- uapyaeuue
nMcnuteneuoro arta, rpu+en cneqyet sanetute, +to uac uutepecosan ue ctonero rpoqyrt peaeuu pe+esou
saqa+u, cronero ero npo(ecc.
epsa +acte coctona us 4 cepuu orMtos. 8 I cepuu sMcunace ctpyrtypa uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuoro
arta y oneuMx u uccneqosanuce pasnu+u s rpoterauuu atoro suqa qetene-
uoctu y oneuMx c pasuMnu o+aranu ropaeuu nosra. C atou enek oneuMn rpeqnaranoce qsa suqa terctos
rosectsosateneuMu u orucateneuMu. 8ce terctM Mnu qoctato+uo rpoctM ro coqepauuk u ro
rpannatu+ecrony ctpoeuuk u rpoanu rposepry ua sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx y+aauxc III V rnaccos nacco-
sou aronM. 0rMtM rorasanu ronuoe otcytctsue tpyquocteu s rouunauuu rpeqnoeuuMx qetn terctos u s
coctasneuuu r uun rnauos. 3tu e terctM rpeqnaranuce u rpyrre oneuMx. Kaqony oneuony rpeqsnnuce
oa suqa terctos. 8 I cepuu oneuMn rpeqnaranoce rpo+utate u repecrasate atot terct.
8o II cepuu ot oneuMx tpeosanoce copnynuposate rpatro cnMcn tercta, coctasute rnau rpo+utauuoro
tercta. 3tun oneuou ctasunc s ycnosu, rpeqsnsaue creuaneuMe tpeosauu r opueutuposre s
cnMcnoson ctpoeuuu tercta. 8 raqou cepuu rpeqsnnoce ro 5 terctos.
8L cepuu oneuMn qasanace saqa+a paccrasate o raron-nuo coMtuu, unesaen necto s ux orMte, u tare
coctasute r ueny rnau. 3ta cepu rpeqycnatpusana uccneqosauue ponu coctseuuoro tercta, rotopMu u onee
+actoteu, u anououaneu, a tare uccneqosanc opatuMu ryte opnuposauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca ot
suytpeuuero sanMcna, oaux cnMcnos u sua+euuu cnos ua yposue suytpeuueu pe+u r oopnneuuk nMcnu s
sua+euux sueauux cnos. lac uutepecosano, s raron sseue uapyaaetc uutennertyaneuMu art u rarou ryte
ero rpoterauu orasMsaetc uauonee coxpauuMn.
8 IV cepuu nM ycnouunu saqauue ten, +to oneuou qoneu Mn cosqate co+uueuue ue ua rpoussoneuyk (rar
s III cepuu) teny, a ua saqauuyk u coctasute r ueny rnau.
|uquratopanu coxpauuoctu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu Mnu oaee rouunauue tercta, rpouuruoseuue s
ero cnMcn, rouunauue sua+euuu otqeneuMx aneneutos tercta u s enon rouunauue tercta ua yposue
sua+euuu, yneuu coctasnte rnau r tercty, sMqente ocuosuMe cnMcnosMe ysnM, coxpauuocte notusos
qeteneuoctu, eneuarpasneuuoctu, routponupykaux qeuctsuu, oeuru csoux qeuctsuu, oaeu aqersatuoctu
roseqeuu s cutyauu peaeuu saqa+.
8o stopou +actu nM cqenanu rorMtry sMcuute sosnouoctu uauonee aertusuMx ryteu rpeoqoneuu
sMsneuuMx s I +actu qeertos rpu paote c nutepatypuMn tercton. 3to Mna roucrosa arcrepuneutaneua
paota ro socctauosuteneuony oy+euuk. 8 uaaen arcrepuneute y+actsosan 21 oneuou c ropaeuuen
teneuuo-satMno+uMx u teneuuo-suco+uMx otqenos nosra: us uux 10 oneuMx c cenautu+ecrou aasueu (c
aneneutanu arycturo-nuectu+ecrou), 5 oneuMx c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu, 6 oneuMx c
cenautu+ecrou aasueu c aneneutanu arycturo-nuectu+ecrou u aepeutuou notopuou aasuu. 8 ra+ectse
routponeuou rpyrrM s arcrepuneute y+actsosanu 20 sspocnMx ucrMtyenMx pasuoro sospacta u yposu
opasosauu u 10 qeteu
s
sospacte 1011 net.
37
}2. hAPYUEhhE PA50Tb 6 hTEPATYPhbH TEK6T0H
Y 50bhbX 6 0PAAEhhEH TEHEhh0-3ATb0+hbX 0TE0 H03|A
|ssectuo, +to ropaeuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx cucten nosra uepeqro rpusoqt r uapyaeuun rouunauu
cnouMx opn pe+esou ctpyrtypM, rposnkaunc s rnuuure nosrosMx ropaeuuu s opne ceva+muvec|ou
aasuu. n atou opnM uapyaeuu pe+u xapartepua coxpauuocte rouunauu otqeneuMx cnos, otqeneuMx
pas rpoctou rouctpyruu, atu oneuMe ue rposnkt u qeertos s ycsoeuuu otsne+euuMx routuu. Pe+esMe
qeertM ux cssauM c tpyquoctnu, a uuorqa u ronuou uesosnouoctek rouunauu sua+euuu cnouMx
noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, +to, ectectseuuo, uepeqro rpusoqut r uesosnouoctu route enMu terct
unu otqeneuMe ero +actu. / atux oneuMx rpeqe scero ctpaqaet uerocpeqctseuuoe rouunauue tex
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, rotopMe sMpaakt rpoctpauctseuuMe otuoaeuu rpeqnetos unu sneuuu.
lapyaeuue rpoecca cuutesuposauu otqeneuMx aneneutos s oquo enoe, t. e. cunynetauuoro rpoecca,
rpusoqut r tpyquoctn uerocpeqctseuuoro rouunauu enMx pas, otpMsros u terctos u seqet r
ueoxoqunoctu rpeqsaputeneuoro ocosuauuoro auanusa sMrosoro natepuana. 3tu qeertM unrpeccusuou
ctopouM pe+u ue noryt ue otpasutec ua coctouuu arcrpeccusuou ee ctopouM. |ssectuo, +to orucMsaenMe
oneuMe uepeqro c tpyqon coctasnkt pasy s creuaneuMx saqauux, tpeykaux ot uux artusuoro
rouctpyuposauu pas unu enoro sMcrasMsauu. 8 croutauuou pe+u atu qeertM rposnktc sua+uteneuo
nr+e unu coscen ue ouapyusaktc.
Ectectseuuo rpeqronoute, +to rpu repecrase u coctasneuuu rnaua tercta y atux oneuMx yqyt
uankqatec tpyquoctu s tex opnax uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, rotopMe tpeykt coxpauuoctu
rouunauu sua+euu pas co cnouou rouctpyrueu u sMpaeuu coqepauu tercta s yctuou pe+u. 8ce ato
rpoteraet y uux ua oue yctou+usoctu suunauu u enu, coxpauuoctu artusuou qeteneuoctu ro auanusy
natepuana u coxpauuoctu routpon sa csounu qeuctsunu, sc ux qeteneuocte sMcoro notusuposaua.
0patunc r auanusy uankqeuuu.
6oneuou 6. (uct. onesuu h 34365), 40 net, c sMcaun opasosauuen, ro rpoeccuu reqaror, roctyrun s |uctutyt ueupoxupypruu ua
rypc rostopuoro socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu c octato+uMnu sneuunu tponoanonuu cnesa s cuctene cpequeu nosrosou aptepuu.
/ uero unen necto cu+dpov ceva+muvec|ou aasuu, paccmpoucmeo npocmpa+cmee++oco npa|cuca u c+dsuca.
6oneuony qaetc terct us y+euura uctopuu qn V VI rnaccos cpequeu aronM, s uen paccrasMsaetc o neqoycouMx souuax neqy
naneuerunu rocyqapctsanu, us rotopMx coctona lpeu s pauuuu ee repuoq, o soeuuon Mte, ueoxoqunon s ty ropy, tar rar
nonoqMe rpe+ecrue rocyqapctsa uyqanuce s saaute ot uaraqeuu coceqeu. oatony rocyqapctso u rpuuunano +eptM soeuuou op-
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
rauusauu. PaccrasMsaetc o oqeqe souuos pesueu lpeuu. +actMe souuM tpeosanu sqoposMx u cuneuMx nkqeu, roatony s Mty
rperos oneaoe sua+euue unenu croptusuMe urpM, rotopMe rpoxoqunu pas s 4 roqa s pasuMx nectuoctx
38
lpeuu. CanMnu suaneuutMnu Mnu 0nunruucrue urpM, rpoxoqusaue ua 0nunre (nectuocte s lpeuu). 8o spen atux urp
rperpaaanuce souuM u t. q.
6oneuou cpasy rpuctyraet r paote. 0u neqneuuo rpo+utMsaet scnyx terct. 8o spen +teuu ou ue pas sosspaaaetc r ye
rpo+utauuMn nectan, rMtace route sua+euue uerotopMx pas u ynosute cnMcn scero otpMsra. po+utas terct, ou cuosa
sosspaaaetc r ero ua+any, rMtace route uerotopMe pasM.
F rouunak, uo rar-to ueto+uo sot atu pasM: VonoqMe rpe+ecrue rocyqapctsa uyqanuce s uaqeuou saaute ot uaraqeuu
coceqeu... 0 +en tyt rosoputc o uaraqeuuu unu saaute ue rouny. | tyt toe tpyquo: 8ouuou u rpaeon torqa rpuopetanu
oratctsa, sasoesMsanu sennu... u t. q. F ue rouny, rpu +en tyt souuou u rpaeon... rpae...on... rar ato? 8ouua, rpae... sce
ato... qoxoqM qasano, tar? 8ot tyt eae o urpax... 0uu sarnk+anuce s pasuoro poqa coctsauux... le rounys pasuoro poqa
coctsauux... mo +eno++m+o?^lu+ero ue rouny, o +en uqet pe+e o coctsauux? Torqa sot ato s pasuoro poqa- sa+en? u t.
q.
ocne creuaneuou passepuytou paotM c oneuMn uaq pacrosuasauuen u rouunauuen sua+euuu orpeqeneuuMx rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu ou cuosa rMtaetc repecrasate coqepauue, rpo+utauuoro. 8oeuuMu Mt s pesueu lpeuu... s pauukk ropy... Mno
nuoro,., sot seqe suak, o +en rosopute, a rar? 8ua+ut, nuoro naneuerux rocyqapcts. 8ce soesanu... rar ato rosopt... snecte, ue
snecte... a-a, roqoqute... neqy coou! locyqapctso Mno... o+eue cnaMn. (nuteneua raysa.) 8 pesueu lpeuu Mno nuoro
naneuerux rocyqapcts, u sce ouu soesanu, sua+ut. Tar. (aysa.) lurar ue nory sMpasute nMcne... F cua+ana... 8 pesueu lpeuu Mno
nuoro nenrux rocyqapcts, u sce ouu soesanu rpotus qpyra. epexodume | cned,s(eu vecnu. 0uu oqesanuce rpoctMn oqeuuen us
xoncta. Tyt tpyquo... A roton rpo urpM: s pesueu lpeuu nanMe rocyqapctsa soesanu... orte nanMe rocyqapctsa... ue nory oneae...
nMcnu ecte, a sot cnosa... (0tras.)
0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as,. nau ato ner+e. Tonero rpasuneuo crasate ryurtM tpyquo. 3e copv,nup,ume vecnu, |a|
voeme, a nomov nod,vaume +ad nocmpoe+uev pase. 1. Tar, cua+ana... soeuuMu Mt s lpeuu.
2. Vaneuerue rocyqapctsa... F rpasuneuo crasan naneuerue, unu rar-to eae uaqo? ly, naquo, qaneae.
3. 8ouua neqy ero... ue ero... neqy uun... uunu.
4. 0qeqa qpesuux rperos.
5. |rpM.
6. Kar... roqoqute, ceu+ac cnoso uauqy... Kar ocy... ocymecsn... ocyaectsnnuce urpM s lpeuu?
|s rpotorona ot+etnuso suquo, c rarou nerroctek oneuou nMcneuuo pasqenn coqepauue tercta ua cnMcnosMe +actu u sMqenn
rnasuMe cnMcnosMe ryurtM s raqou us uux. 6oneuou xopoao roun u ycsoun coqepauue tercta, ato suquo us rpasuneuo
roctpoeuuoro rnaua, uo repeqate ero s passepuytou yctuou pe+esou opne ou ue cnor; rpu aton ou xopoao ocosuaet csou qeertM,
rpasuneuo ux oeuusaet u rMtaetc ucrpasute oauru.
ose oneuony Mno rpeqnoeuo rpo+utate terct 0qucce u cpasy e, ue repecrasMsa coqepauue, coctasute rnau r
rpo+utauuony. 8 aton tercte paccrasMsaetc o sua+euuu roan lonepa qn usy+euu uctopuu lpeuu s XI IX serax qo u. a., o ton, +to
roneposcrue roanM coctot us pasuMx receu, co+uueuuMx uapoquMnu resanu u copauuMx lonepon. 8 roanax paccrasMsaetc o
usuu repoes lpeuu. lapoqua autasu yrpacuna uoanM sMnMcnanu. 8 0quccee paccrasMsaetc o ryteaectsux u rpurnk+euux
0qucce ap |taru. aetc rpatroe orucauue uerotopMx rpurnk+euuu 0qucceu y urnoros, y ora setpos 3ona.
PaccrasMsaetc o sctpe+e 0qucce c cupeuanu, c +yqosuaanu Cunnou u Xapuqou u t. q.
6oneuou, rpo+utas terct, eae qnuteneuoe spen paotan uaq rouunauuen uero-
' 8qece u qanee |,pcueov sMqenetc pe+e arcrepuneutatopa, a pe+e oneuoro epetc s rasM+ru.
topMx cnouMx pas. F s rpuuure sce roun. lo ecte otqeneuMe necta, rotopMe ue o+eue roun, a noet Mte, u roun, uo ue
suak, tar unu ue tar. onorute nue pasopatec sot s atux rpeqnoeuux rar ux route: 0u cssan scex apauos ro tpu, a roq
usoton raqoro cpequero rpussan ro oquony us csoux crytuuros. lu+ero ue rouunak. mo 3av +eno++m+o? lu+ero... 0u cssan
apauos sce, +to roun, a qaneae ro tpu, a roq usoton raqoro cpequero rpussan ro oquony us csoux... uet... uu+ero ue rouny.
0u rpussan r apauan csoux nkqeu, a rar? | qaneae... can e ou, rorpMs csou pyru aepctek, serunc cuusy s oquoro us apauos...
Cuusy s oquoro us apauos coscen ueroutuo. | t. q.
ocne cosnectuou c arcrepuneutatopon paotM, uaq rouunauuen otqeneuMx pas u ux cssu c routercton oneuou cuosa rpocnotpen
sece terct. Terepe rar yqto sce cuo. 0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as, o Dduccee. nau rar yqto rpeqctasnk cee, uo crasate
nue, roue+uo, tpyquo, uo... rorMtakce". epsoe ato sua+euue roneposcrux nuos, a saten... 0qucceu... ato sot... cnenMu, xutpMu...
uet, ue xutpMu, a, roue+uo, ynuMu +enoser. Tar. 8topoe... (aysa.) D vev 3e d,vaeme? Kar crasate, +to sot nuoro ryteaectsosan...
nuoro rpurnk+euuu... sooae sce ato... (aysa.) F qynak, tar crasate, sooae ryteaectsu 0qucce. A roton... tpetee... uet,
+etseptoe. 8ctpe+a c urnoron ato sauMu noneut, sctpe+a c cupeuanu u, uaroue, ato sot o Cunne u Xapuqe +to ato,
cnMcn, sua+euue... uapuateneuoe sua+euue... u t. q. Tenepe nonemaumece, ucnones,+ eaa nna+, nepec|asame codepa+ue
npovuma++oco. oqpouo nue tpyquo. loneposcrue nuM otpaakt... otpaakt rorqatoauue... rpasuneuo crasan?., repeusauu s
lpeuu. 6Mno nuoro sMnManeuuMx nereuq, uo nkqu... rar ato crasate... ox. tpyquo {qnuteneua raysa)... sMy+u... uet, uay+unuce...
uet... nodpaanu... qa-qa, roqpaanu ero. 0qucceu Mn o+eue yn,uMu, xpapMu, usopetateneuMu u xutpMu... uet, ue xutpMu, a rar ato
crasate... uy, +enoseron... +enoser. +enosera... uet, uy sooae... | nkqu roqpaanu ero... eny... loneposcra nereuqa... nu...
cynnuposan sce ato... uet, ue tar sMpaakce... onuetsopn... sce paccrasM... u cynnuposan qpyrue... roroneuu...n.
|s rpotorona suquo, +to oneuou artusuo u eneuarpasneuuo paotaet c tercton. Coctasneuue rnaua, sMqeneuue cyaectseuuMx
noneutos us coqepauu ue rpeqctasuno qn uero tpyquocteu. 8ato opnynuposauue, ope+esneuue cosqauuoro s yne rnaua u
repesoq cnMcna s cnosecuMe sua+euu, T. e. s yctuMu paccras, +pessM+auuo satpyqueuM. : .
6oneuou ue ucrMtMsan tpyquocteu s coctasneuuu rnaua u r orucateneuony tercty. Kar nM ysuqun uue, sosuurakaue tpyquoctu
cssauM u sqece ue c paotou oneuoro co cnMcnosMn ctpoeuuen tercta, a c rourpetuMnu orepaunu ro repeauposre noruro-
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ua" sua+euue u ro repesoqy cnMcna s sua+euu. 3to rposnetc s qeertax opnynuposauu
saronosros r rpasuneuo sMqeneuuMn cnMcnosMn +actn, s tpyquoctx yctuoro usnoeuu rpo+utauuoro.
puseqen rpunep. 6oneuony qaetc terct Turp. la otrpMton conue+uon necte ronocatoro turpa nerro sanetute, uo s sapocnx
ranMaa u ryctapuura ero ronocM cnusaktc c +epuo-entMn seton tpoctuuros u roneraeu nuctsM. | qae orMtuMu oxotuur ue
scerqa suqut rputausaeroc s tpex aarax turpa. Turp, rar u nes, canMu cuneuMu xuauur s nypruuou poque,
Turp soqutc s kuou Asu, s 8arasrasee, s Cpequeu Asuu u ua Anype. la poquue turpa uet ssep cuneuee ero. ae neqseqe outc
atoro xuauura u, rar tonero ro+yet ero sarax, neset ua qepeso. 8 /ccypuucrou taure s ronoquMe sunM turp pMaet ro necy s roucrax
neqseeux epnor, uauq epnory, turp sMtacrusaet neqseq u ceqaet ero.
Turp nkut raauos u oneueu. lo turp nanopasop+us s eqe u, rorqa ronoqeu, yusaet +eperax, sneu, aepu, nMaeu, nryaer u qae
ect capau+y u reqposMe opexu. Ero sa ato uasMsakt nryaatuuron.
povumaume pacc|as u nepec|aume eco codepa+ue. 6oneuou qenaet nuoro rorMtor repecrasate, uo saqauue tar u octaetc
uesMronueuuMn.
Turp... uset... uet... ue tar. set y turpa... +epuMu... u rar ato crasate... let. Ero cana cyaectseuua +epta... 8 oaen tyt pe+e
uqet... o eny sete... uet. F ue nory. Xopoao, ocmaeeme amom |,co| me|cma, pacc|aseeaume daneae. aneae... ly, qaneae ou
cuneuMu... 3to sot... ou uset s Apure... uet, s Anype... (aysa.)
40
Paspeaute eae pas rpo+utate, tyt ue sce to+uo roun. F rorMtakce route sot ato (rorasMsaet ua cneqykaue pasM): la
otrpMton conue+uon necte ronocatoro turpa nerro sanetute... ato routuo, a sot qaneae uo s sapocnx ranMaa ero ronocM
cnusaktc c +epuo-entMn seton tpoctuuros u roneraeu nuctsM... let! le rouny. Tpyquo route u atot sot otpMsor. F rouunak,
+to... ato sot, rqe ou uset, uasepuoe... uo sce-taru ue qo roua cuo. Turp soqutc... s kuou Asuu... tar, routuo, a sot qaneae... s
8arasrasee... u tyt sot... uet ssep cuneuee ero. onemaumece c+oea pacc|asame me|cm. 6oneuou rMtaetc suose repecrasate
coqepauue paccrasa, uo ero rorMtru ue rpusoqt r ycrexy. po turpa, sua+ut, uset ou... 0u uset,.. let, cua+ana o se... o...
rpacre. Kar-to ro-qetcru rony+aetc. VMcnu uqyt rpasuneuo, a pe+e qetcra.
0ocmaeeme |pam|uu nna+ | me|cm,. nau coctasute nerro, ero ye rpeqctasnk, uo orte, rar crasate rnau.
1. Cua+ana... sua+euue turpa, uet... seta... 8ua+euue seta... qn roro? Ara, sot ucran aty qn turpa, qn ero usuu.
8ua+ut, tar. 8ua+euue seta turpa qn ee usuu.
2. Terepe... ato sot... o cune... +to ou cuneuMu.
3. |... pacronoeuue tur-pa... uet, ue pacnonoeue, roue+uo, a... rar ato crasate... rqe ou uset, s oaen.
4. | +to ect... rutaetc +to... u sce.
|s rpotorona arcrepuneuta ot+etnuso suquo, +to y oneuoro coxpauuM rpoeccM oaeu rpeqsaputeneuou
opueutuposru s tercte u crocouocte r rourpetuony auanusy ero coqepauu, a tare coxpauuM rpoeccM
otsne+euu ot .uecyaectseuuMx rpu qauuou saqa+e aneneutos tercta u sMqeneuu ocuosuMx, rnasuMx ero
cnMcnosMx ronroueutos, t. e. coxpauuM uccneqosatenecrue qeuctsu. 8ce ato rpoteraet ua oue rpyoro
uapyaeuu u rouunauu, u socrpousseqeuu cnouMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu. 3tu uapyaeuu
u rpusenu r qeertan rouunauu sua+euu cnos u rpeqnoeuuu. 0quaro rouunauue cnMcna tercta s enon
oneuony, rar nM yequnuce, orasanoce qoctyruMn. 3mom a|cnepuve+m nodmeepdaem ncuxonocuvec|oe
nonoe+ue o mov, vmo cvecn +e ececda coenadaem co cnoeov: vecne canana onocped,emc+ cvecnavu, a
samev s+ave+u+vu u nomov, mone|o cnoeov. oatony uaa oneuou, rouuna oauu cnMcn, roctouuo
uaxoqutc (u ato xopoao suquo us rpotorona) s roucrax cua+ana sua+euuu, a roton cootsetctsykaux un
cnos u rpeqnoeuuu, +toM sMpasute coqepaauec s tercte nMcnu. 0 aton csuqetenectsykt tare u
qpyrue orMtM, s rotopMx oneuony rpeqnaranoce rpo+utate terct u pasqenute ero ua cnMcnosMe +actu.
0rasanoce, +to qn uero ue coctasuno tpyquocteu uautu s tercte oropuMe cnMcnosMe ryurtM, ou xopoao
crpasnnc u c pasusrou tercta ua canoctoteneuMe cnMcnosMe +actu, u c saqa+eu, tpeykaeu ot uero
yrpyrueuu sMqeneuuMx cnMcnosMx +acteu. Tar, terct paccrasa Turp ou pasun cua+ana ua 6 cnMcnosMx
+acteu, saten yrpyruun ux, u y uero rony+unuce 3 +actu, rpu aton ou oequuun s oquy cnMcnosyk +acte qse
+actu tercta, tepputopuaneuo pasequueuuMe, sce ato rosoput o coxpauuoctu u rpeopasykaux terct
qeuctsuu.
C oneuMn Mno otpaotauo onee 50 terctos pasuou cnouoctu u pasuMx turos, u raqMu pas ou nerro
pasusan terct
ua cnMcnosMe +actu, c oneaun tpyqon opnynuposan ryurtM rnaua u c eae oneaunu tpyquoctnu
repecrasMsan terct. |uorqa oneuou nor s ooaeuuou opne crasate, o +en uqet pe+e s tercte rocne
rpo+teuu ero rpo ce ua yposue suytpeuueu pe+u, ucrMtMsa oneaue tpyquoctu rpu usnoeuuu
rourpetuoro natepuana.
|ssectuo, +to rnauuposauue tercta snetc sasepaakaeu asou s rpoecce ero +teuu, eny rpeqaectsyet
rpoecc repeauposru noruro-rpannatu+ecroro ctpoeuu tercta ua cnMcnosyk uuopnauk c enek onee
ronuoro ee rouunauu. oatony tpyquoctu oneuMx orucMsaenou rpyrrM, neaaue s qeertax rouunauu u
sMpaeuu orpeqeneuuMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, rposnnuce ocoeuuo +etro s paote co
cnouMn ro csoeu noruro-rpannatu+ecrou rouctpyruu tercton, rpeunyaectseuuo orucateneuoro xapartepa.
3tu qeertM saqepusanu u satpyqunu rpoecc rouunauu coqepauu tercta, a cneqosateneuo, u ero
rnauuposauu.
+toM yto+uute pone sueaueu pe+u s tpyquoctx rouunauu u rnauuposauu sMcrasMsauu tercta, nM
rposenu cepuk arcrepuneuta, us rotopou ucrnk+unu ruceneuuMu saqauuMu terct u saneuunu ero tercton
(sMcrasMsauuen), canoctoteneuo rpuqynauuMn oneuMn. 6oneuMn s aton orMte rpeqnaranoce cosqate
canoctoteneuo rarou-nuo paccras (paccraute uan, o +en xotute). 8 atux orMtax c yctuou pe+ek
orasanoce, +to oneuMe sua+uteneuo ycreauee crpasnktc c rnauuposauuen tercta u rnyuuou ero
rouunauu. Xapartepuo, +to oneuMn atou rpyrrM Mno sua+uteneuo ner+e coctasnte rnau r coMtun,
repeusauun u suauun, unesaun necto s nu+uon orMte u sMpaeuuMn s yctuou pe+u, rqe ycsoeuue noruro-
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM tercta ue cnyuno rpertctsuen.
puseqen rpunep. F paccray rpo csou qeue... rar usy. F rorMtakce oequuute sce... paccrasate ue rourpetuMu qeue, a oauu,
ue oauu, a... sooae nou qeue. ly... repsoe... ato rourpetuMe qena tyanet, sastpar, oeq... ato sMryay... ato uesauo... A
rnasuoenou sautu, ato repsoe.
1. u+uMe qena (qya, tyanet, sastpar).
2. Canoctoteneua paota pe+u (+teuue, naruutoou, paquo, rucena).
3. KynetypuMe sautu csooquoe spen.
Tarun opason, nM suqun, +to oneuMe sua+uteneuo ycreauee crpasnktc c saqauuen, ecnu un uyuo
coctasute rnau ue r saqauuony tercty, a r coctseuuony co+uueuuk u sMpaeuuony ue s ruceneuuou, a s
yctuou pe+u. ocronery s aton cny+ae tpyquoctu repeauposru noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ue
ctauosunuce rpertctsuen qn rpoterauu uutennertyaneuoro arta, tar rar oneuou canoctoteneuo
coctasnn terct s qoctyruMx qn ero rouunauu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyrux, to u rouunauue taroro tercta
Mno ronuMn. +toM route nexauusn atoro ronuoeuuoro rouunauu, qoctato+uo scronuute, +to nMcne
cunynetau-ua, a pe+e, s rotopyk oneraetc nMcne, cyreccusua, u ctauet
49.
cuo, +to y oneuoro s aton cny+ae rpoecc nManeuu uqet s uarpasneuuu: notus >- nMcne ->- oaue
cnMcnM -*n sua+euu cnos ->n pe+e, rqe y oneuoro uapyaeuo rocnequee sseuo, a nMcne u oaue cnMcnM
coxpauuM, +to u neut s ocuose ronuoro u ronuoeuuoro rouunauu. lapyaeuuyk e pe+e ou ronreucupyet
qoctyruMnu eny rpannatu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu, roatony u rnau r canoctoteneuony tercty coctasnetc
es tpyqa.
6oneuou ue ucrMtMsan tpyquocteu u rpu coctasneuuu rnaua r paccrasan, rpeqronarakaun artyanusauk rpoanoro orMta. Tar,
uarpunep, saqauue coctasute ruceneuuo rnau r soopaaenony ypory ro uctopuu ua teny etp I oneuou sMronuun cneqykaun
opason.
1. Poccu rpu unrepatope etpe I.
2. Poccu s roue XVI sera.
3. nuteneuMe souuM qn sMxoqa r nopn. 0uuueoxoqunMe ycnosu uesasucunoctu.
4. layra u rpocseaeuue -rpu etpe I u t. q.
VM suqun, +to oneuony 6. rpuuuruaneuo qoctyruM rouunauue yctuoro u ruceneuuoro tercta, sM+neueuue
cyaectseuuMx u otsne+euue ot uecyaectseuuMx noneutos s tercte, t. e. auanus u cuutes, actparuposauue u
ooaeuue atu nMcnuteneuMe orepauu repsu+uo orasanuce coxpauuMnu y oneuoro. 8Mctyrakaue
tpyquoctu s rnauupykaeu qeteneuoctu stopu+uM, u ouu cssauM c qeertanu rouunauu noruro-
rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM pe+u.
+to racaetc canoro npo(ecca nMcnuteneuoro arta rpu paote c tercton, to sqece orasanuce coxpauuMnu sce
asM notus, sMop ctpateruu qeuctsu, routpone, uo uapyaeuuou Mna asa, ua rotopou sMupaktc u
ucronesyktc rourpetuMe orepauu; s sseue orepauu c pe+esMn tercton u ouapyunoce repsu+uoe
uapyaeuue. pyrue asM roqsepeuM stopu+uony snuuuk ua rpoterauue nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, s-
+actuoctu, rpu peaeuuu saqa+u ua rouunauue tercta u ero rnauuposauue uepeqro s ua+ane qeteneuoctu c
tercton rosnktc oauru ero rouunauu, uerouunauue cnMcna tex unu uuMx +acteu tercta u ronuoe uero-
uunauue sua+euu pas. 0quaro ro nepe rpeoqoneuu tpyquocteu s rouunauuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu u sua+euuu, ctoaux sa uunu, tpyquoctu rouunauu cnMcna u ocuosuou nMcnu uc+esanu.
8auMn snetc u tot art, +to oneuou ue ytpatun crocouoctu ucronesosate csou suauu qn peaeuu
roctasneuuMx saqa+, a seqe ussectuo, +to nManeuue noet rpoterate, tonero orupace ua rante, a
rouunauue ecte ocnMcneuue oerta, otpaeuuoro s suauuu, u ouo rpeqctasnet coou opnuposauue
cnMcna suauu s rpoecce qeuctsu c uun.
Te e qeertM ouapyusanu u qpyrue oneuMe c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx cucten nosra,. Pasuua
racanace nuae ctereuu sMpaeuuoctu qeertos yctuou arcrpeccusuou pe+u; rpuuuruaneua ctpyrtypa
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s paote c tercton y scex oneuMx orucMsaenou rpyrrM Mna oquuarosou.
Vetoqura rposeqeuuoro arcrepuneuta noet cnyute tecton
qn sMsneuu qeertos arcrpeccusuou u unrpeccusuou pe+u y oneuMx c uapyaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx
otqenos nosra.
oronuuteneuMn roqtsepqeuuen cqenauuMx sMsoqos rocnyunu orMtM c rporpannuposauuMn oy+euuen
atux oneuMx. VM rpeqronounu, +to paota ro socctauosneuuk pe+u c ronoaek creuaneuo cosqauuMx
rporpann rossonut oneuMn osnaqete crocoanu rouunauu u ocosuauuoro actpartuo-noru+ecroro nMa-
neuu c rocneqykaeu uutepuopusaueu atoro rpoecca.
0ns nporpauuposauuoro o6yueu pa6oe c ekcou 6onsusx c nopaeueu eueuuo-
iasnouusx oqenos uoira
C enek socctauosneuu uapyaeuuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx uanu Mna roctpoeua rporpanna, rotopa
Mna coctasneua ro pauee paspaotauuMn uanu rpuuuran roctpoeuu rporpannuposauuoro oy+euu'.
8qece nM nuae otnetun, +to rnasuMn rpuuuron roctpoeuu rporpannM snetc saneaeuue uapyaeuuoro
sseua s ctpyrtype qeteneuoctu pqon cootsetctsykaux orepauu, rocneqosateneuoe sMronueuue rotopMx
cua+ana cosnectuo c reqaroron, saten canoctoteneuo rpusoqut r socctauosneuuk uapyaeuuoro qeuctsu,
unu yneuu, unu uasMra.
porpanna qn atou rpyrrM oneuMx ue.srnk+ana orepauu ro opnuposauuk notusos, eneuarpasneuuoctu
qeteneuoctu, tar e rar u ue Mno s rporpanne orepauu, rotopMe crococtsosanu M opnuposauuk
coctseuuo rouunauu tercta, ussne+euu us uero cnMcna, a tare ue Mno u orepauu ro opatuou cssu.
0ua coctona nuae us tex orepauu, rocneqosateneuoe sMronueuue rotopMx crococtsosano
socctauosneuuk uapyaeuuoro sseua s ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y atou rpyrrM oneuMx, t. e.
rouunauu sua+euu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu tercta, rotopMe Mnu ueqoctyruM
uerocpeqctseuuony rouunauuk oneuMnu. |ua+e rosop, rporpanna otse+ana ctpyrtype u nexauusnan
uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u rpeqycnatpusana rpeqe scero ronoae oneuony s
socctauosneuuu rouunauu otqeneuMx pas unu +acteu* tercta, cnouMx ro csoeny rpannatu+ecrony
ctpoeuuk. |cronesy yneuue atux oneuMx pac+neute terct ua +actu ro cnMcny u coctasnte rnau,
rporpanna cosqasana croco rpeoqon'euu qeertos rouunauu passepuytou rosectsosateneuou pe+u.
8occtauosneuue yctuou pe+u snnoce nuae ataron ua rytu r enu socctauosneuuk ronuoeuuoro
actpartuo-noru+ecroro (pe+esoro) nManeuu.
porpanna coctona us tpex +acteu, s raqou +actu Mnu otpaeuM otqeneuMe orepauu, crococtsykaue
socctauosneuuk cootsetctsykaux qeuctsuu: I +acte (r*. 17) uarpasneua ua soc-
1
Cn.: setrosa . C. 8occtauosuteneuoe oy+euue rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.V., 1972; setrosa . C. leuporcuxonoru+ecra peaunutau
oneuMx. - V., 1985.
ctauosneuue crocoa rouunauu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu tercta, ux sua+euu; II +acte (r. 812)
coctona us orepauu, uarpasneuuMx ua cosqauue crocoa, c ronoaek rotoporo oneuou noet repecrasate
terct; III +acte (r. 1316) uarpasneua ua socctauosneuue rouunauu onee to+uoro u rnyororo cnMcna
tercta (onee sMcororo yposu ooaeuu).
porpauua pa6os c ekcou
I +acte
1. po+utaute terct.
2. 8Mqenute u roq+epruute +eno++m+ee vecma me|cma unu omdene+ee pase.
3. po+utaute repsyk ueroutuyk pasy.
4. Craute o(uu cvecn atoro rpeqnoeuu.
5. posequte pasop ro +actn rpeqnoeuu, qn atoro:
a) uauqute cnae+ee cnoea; roq+epruute ux;
) uauqute u otnetete ctpenranu ce+su cnae+ex cnoe c emopocmene++evu;
s) rpo+utaute aty pasy u c|aume mov+o, o vev u vmo coeopumc+ e +eu.
(Tara roorepauouua paota rposoqutc co scenu tpyquMnu qn oneuoro rpeqnoeuunu.)
6. 8uunateneuo rpo+utaute sece terct.
7. 0tsetete yctuo ua sorpocM ro tercty. (8qece oneuony qaetc pq sorpocos ro tercty, otsetM ua rotopMe
noryt yrasMsate ua ctereue u rnyuuy rouunauu tercta.)
ocne qoctueuu ronouteneuMx pesynetatos repexoqt r paote uaq cneqykaeu +actek rporpannM.
0 II +acte
8. Pasqenute terct ua cvecnoeee vacmu.
9. 8Mqenute nepe,s cvecnoe,s vacme. Coctasete u uaruaute r ueu rnau. ostopute ero yctuo.
k, 8Mqenute emop,s cvecnoe,s vacme... u t. q. Cqenaute tar co scenu +actnu tercta.
11. po+utaute scnyx eece nna+ me|cma.
12. oasete qetanu, rotopMe ue soanu s rnau.
III +acte
13. epecraute yctuo sece terct ro 8aaeny rnauy.
14. Eae pas |pam|o c|aume, e vev cvecn |adou vacmu pacc|asa.
15. Kpatro craute, s +en o(uu cvecn ececo pacc|asa.
16. pusequte rpunep qpyrux paccrasos (coMtuu us usuu, us ruur, rotopMe 8M +utanu), rqe M Mn tarou
e cnMcn unu rpotusoronouMu, rpuqynaute roqouMu paccras.
puseqen rpunep paotM c rpeqnoeuuou rporpannou oneuoro 6.
6oneuony qaetc tot e paccras Turp. Eny rpeqnaraetc repecrasate ero cua+ana es rporpannM. 6oneuou qenaet nuoro rorMtor
paccrasate terct, oquaro sce ouu rou+aktc ueyqa+eu. Turp uset... uset... s ape... Ero cana cyaectseuua... tpyquo... loeopume
|opom|o, e opve nna+a. Tar. set... / uero opuruuaneuMu set... Ero roa... repenu... repenu... uy, set tarou... u +epuMu, u atot
sot... enmeu... qa-qa. (aysa.) 8uaete, ue nory, +to-to ue rony+aetc.
6oneuony qaetc rporpanna. 0u +utaet repsMu ryurt rporpannM u sMronuet ero, saten - stopou u sMqenet uecronero
ueroutuMx eny pas. 8aten ou scnyx rMtaetc roctereuuo uautu u uaxoqut oauu cnMcn tex rpeqnoeuuu, rotopMe eny ueroutuM,
rocne +ero paotaet ro rporpanne ro pasopy tpyquMx rpeqnoeuuu. Ara... tar, rnasuMe cnosa... ronocM cnusaktc... tar c... setM,
uet... c seton, ara, roun, ronocM turpa cnusaktc c seton... ara... tpoctuur
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u nucte... tar-tar... roun (ctasut ctpenru) ronocM-------* cnusaktc-------*- c...
seton... ^ ranMaa------->-u nuctees. ocne atoro ou rpasuneuo sMronuun
sce ryurtM rporpannM u coctasun cneqykauu rnau.
1. 8ua+euue seta turpa qn ee usuu.
2. 0 cune.
3. Pacronoeuue... necto turpa.
4. +to ou... rutaetc.
8aten oneuou pasusaet sece terct ua nenrue cnMcnosMe +actu u coctasnet r raqou us uux canoctoteneuMu rnau, rony+a tarun
opason roqpoueuauu rnau paccrasa s enon, nusruu r repecrasy.
I +acte. 1) Turp uset s ape.
2) set rou... tara, +to nkqu ue suqt ero... oxotuuru ue suqt.
3) 0ua... uet, set saauaaet ero... 8sepu toe ero ue suqt.
II +acte. 1) 0u canMu cuneuMu us nypruuou poquu.
2) lo u cpequ qpyrux ou cuneuMu.
3) Veqseqe ero outc... rp+etc.
III +acte. 0u uset... sot ato tpyquo... lassauue... s Asuu... s Anype.
IV +acte. 1) utauue... 0u nkut neqseqeu, raauos.
2) lo ou... nryaatuur.
3) 0u ect +eperax... sneu, nryaer, rorqa ronoquMu.
Tenepe eece ceou nna+ npovumaume u nonemaumece, npudepuea+ce nna+a, e(e pas ,cm+o nepec|asame pacc|as Tucp.
Turp uset s ape... 8 Apure tan u t. q, Turp uneet orpacry... set... sauMu qn usuu... 0u... nkqu u oxotuuru, u ssepu ero ue
suqt... ou roxo ua pacteuu ro sety. 0u o+eue cuneuMu s csoeu poque u cpequ qpyrux ssepeu: qae neqseqe ero outc u rp+etc.
Xuset ou s Asuu, sua Anype. uta'etc scenu usotuMnu, raauanu, neqseqnu. A rorqa ronoquMu u nryaranu.
Paota co cneqykaeu +actek rporpannM, oneuou rosoput: Tar, cnMcn repsMu ocoa orpacra, saua qn ero usuu. 8topoe,
tar... CanMu cuneuMu ssepe, t. e. o ero cune. Tpetee... tpetee... tarctpaua usuu, rqe uset. | sot ato,., opas usuu. utauue. Tar,
terepe rpuqynate eae tarue e paccrasM? a? ly, ato nuoro u cesepuMu neqseqe, u qae +enose'r!
|s rpotorona suquo, +to oneuou c ronoaek rporpannM rony+un sosnouocte onee to+uo u rnyoro route
coqepauue tercta, sM+neuute cnMcn, u rposectu repeuoc atux suauuu s roxoyk cutyauk. Cua+ana paota
c rporpannou Mna qnuteneuou. lo ye +epes 58 sautuu oneuMe nornu ronesosatec ee corpaaeuuou
opnou, coctoaeu us uecronerux uauonee cyaectseuuMx orepauu: 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, sMronueuue
rotopMx seno r rouunauuk tercta, ero rnauuposauuk u repecrasy. ocne tarou paotM oneuMe ycsausanu
uosyk rporpanny canoctoteneuoro repecrasa tercta.
1. po+utaute terct.
2. 8Mqenute tpyquMe rpeqnoeuu.
4fi
3. Cqenaute cnMcnosou u rpannatu+ecruu pasop tpyquMx rpeqnoeuuu. 0 +en u +to rosoputc s
rpeqnoeuuu?
4. Paseute terct ua nenrue cnMcnosMe +actu.
5. Craute cnMcn raqou +actu; oauu cnMcn tercta.
6. Coctasete roqpouMu rnau r raqou cnMcnosou +actu.
7. 0equuute sce rnauM s oquu roqpouMu paccras. |snoute ero yctuo.
8. 3to u ecte 8aa paccras.
8qece rpoucxoqut rpoecc uutepuopusauu qeuctsuu u orepauu, saqauuMx ussue. o A. l. eouteesy,
u+mepuupusa(u+ ato +e npocmoe nepeve(e+ue onepa(uu use+e eo e+,mpe++uu nna+ cos+a+u+, a
opvupoea+ue amoco e+,mpe++eco nna+a, +to nM u qenaen c ronoaek atou rporpannM. 8o suytpeuuen
rnaue sueau qeteneuocte rpeopasyetc u ctauosutc qn uaaux oneuMx ux cocmee++ev cnocoov
de+mene+ocmu.
VM suqun, +to s rpoecce oy+euu yneuue rnauuposate terctM ctauosutc oquou us sosnouMx orop, rpu
ronesosauuu rotopMnu socctauasnusaetc passepuyta rosectsosateneua pe+e. 3tony crococtsosana
cosqauua uanu rporpanna, rotopa oecre+usana ycnosu qn canoctoteneuou artusuou paotM uaq
rpeoqoneuuen qeertos yctuou pe+u. C ronoaek rporpannM y oneuMx cosqasanc orpeqeneuuMu croco
qeuctsu, osnaqesa rotopMn ouu roctereuuo rpuopetanu otuocuteneuyk sosnouocte canoctoteneuou
yctuou pe+u, a tare u yneuue onee rnyororo rouunauu terctos.
3tot croco socctauosneuu passepuytou arcrpeccusuou pe+u rar cpeqctsa uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
ro saqauuou rporpanne, ucronesyenMu uanu s arcrepuneute, Mn orpoosau s rpartu+ecrou
socctauosuteneuou paote u qan ronouteneuMe pesynetatM, +to rosoput o sosnouoctu aupororo
rpuneueuu ero s socctauosuteneuon oy+euuu oneuMx.
06cyqeue uaepana
sarnk+euue rpatro roqseqen utoru. orMtaenc qate rcuxonoru+ecruu auanus natepuanos arcrepuneuta.
VM paccnotpun coctouue u ctpyrtypy enoctuoro uutennertyaneuoro arta, ctpyrtypy coctseuuo pe+esoro
nManeuu, roqouqen r auanusy scex ero sseuees, uo onee roqpouo octauosunc ua orepauouaneuou
ctopoue nManeuu, rpoauanusupyen tare nuursuctu+ecruu u rcuxonoru+ecruu yposuu pe+esoro nManeuu u
ux pone s peaeuuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+. 0patunc r auanusy sua+euu, ero ssaunocssu co cnMcnon, r ponu
suauuu s rpoterauuu nMcnuteneuoro arta.
3rcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan' yequteneuo rorasan, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra
ouapyusaetc repsu+uoe uapyaeuue tonero orepauouaneuoro sseua. +to raca-
et
c qpyrux ctpyrtypuMx
sseuees, to ouu ue rpeteprenu rarux-
47
nuo repsu+uMx usneueuuu, stopu+uMe e usneueuu ouapyusaktc s sseue opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu us-sa uapyaeuuu pe+u, sMctyrakaeu cpeqctson atou qeteneuoctu.
Cneqyet otnetute qae ycuneuue ponu atux sseuees s uutennertyaneuon arte: uuorqa paota oneuMx c
tercton ctauosunace rurepnotusuposauuou, uepeqro ouapyusanoce ycuneuue opueutuposo+uou
qeteneuoctu oneuMx u routpon sa qeuctsunu, otne+anace rosMaeuua oaa u uutennertyaneua
artusuocte rpu peaeuuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+, s ton +ucne u rpu paote c tercton. eteneuocte scerqa
Mna eneuarpasneua, oneuMe ocosuasanu csou oauru u qenanu artusuMe rorMtru ux rpeoqonete, aqer-
satuo oeuusanu csou sosnouoctu.
+to racaetc ctpyrtypM coctseuuo pe+esoro nManeuu, to sqece ynectuo scronuute, +to . C. 8Mrotcruu
xapartepusosan coctseuuo pe+esoe nManeuue rar quuanu+ecroe enoe, s rotopon cnouMe otuoaeuu
neqy cnoson u nMcnek ouapyusaktc +epes enMu pq repexoqos ot oquoro rnaua r qpyrony. 0u rucan,
+to s usou qpane pe+esoro nManeuu qsueuue uqet ot notusa, ropoqakaero raryk-uuyqe nMcne, r
oopnneuuk canou nMcnu so suytpeuuen cnose, saten s sua+euux sueauux cnos u, uaroue, s cnosax
1
.
Ecnu paccnotpete atot xcq opnuposauu, nMcnu, to nM ysuqun, +to y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-
satMno+uMx otqenos nosra uapyaeuuMnu Mnu qsa rocnequux sseua. Tpu repsMx rpoteranu es uapyaeuuu.
3to ocoeuuo +etro ouapyusanoce s rpnMx orMtax, s rotopMx oneuMx rpocunu (cuuna ten canMn
tpyquoctu arcrpeccusuou pe+u) uarucate rnau ua nkyk teny, rqe s ocuose neanu coctseuuMe suauu
oneuoro, a ue saqauuMu terct. 8 atux cny+ax oneuMe Mctpo u rpasuneuo rucanu rnauM u ua ux ocuose
rMtanuce cosqate yctuMu terct, cootsetctsykauu rnauy, sanMcny u nMcnu. Ecnu e orMtM Mnu roctpoeuM
tar, +to nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc qoneu Mn uqtu s qpyron uarpasneuuu: ot yctuou pe+u (tercta, cnos)------>
r sua+euun sueauux cnos------*- r suytpeuueny sua+euuk cnos------*- u
r nMcnu, to y oneuMx cpasy e sosuuranu tpyquoctu s nMcnuteneuon rpoecce, s repson e ero sseue. 0uu
ue nornu repeauposate pe+esMe equuuM s equuuM sua+euuu, a cneqosateneuo, u ue nornu route
nMcnu,* coqepaaeuc u saroquposauuou so sueaueu pe+u.
Kar tonero oneuMe rpeoqonesanu atot apeep, ouu c nerroctek rouunanu ue tonero coqepauue,
sMpaeuuoe s sua+euux, uo u nMcnu, coqepaauec s tercte. +to e ronorano oneuMn rpeoqonete atot
apeep? partu+ecru so sce/ cny+ax ouu opaaanuce r cvecn, toro, o +en rosoputc s tercte. ouunauue
oaero cnMcna, a tare u cnMcna otqeneuMx +acteu tercta y oneuMx orasanoce roteuuaneuo coxpauuMn,
torqa rar rouunauue sua-
Cn.: 8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2.C. 358.
+euu, t. e. pe+esou equuuM nManeuu, uapyaeuuMn. 3tot euoneu ycnotpeuu (cxsatMsauu,
sM+neueuu) cnMcnos ocoeuuo rposnnc s uauonee tpyquMx saqa+ax torqa, rorqa uyuo Mno +epes
sueaukk pe+e rpouuruyte r nMcnu. | sqece nM ctanrusaenc c uapyaeuuen euoneua, rotopMu . C. 8Mrot-
cruu orpeqenun rar repectpyrtypuposauue rpannaturu cnos s rpannatury nMcnu.
Tarun opason, y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nesoro ronyaapu nosra pe+esoe
nManeuue uapyaaetc, uo stopu+uo, us-sa qeertos pe+esMx cpeqcts. 3tu qeertM rposnktc rpeqe
scero s uapyaeuuu s+ave+u+ rar equuuM u pe+u, u pe+esoro nManeuu. 0quaro ata rpyrra oneuMx
rpeoqonesaet atu tpyquoctu u qousaetc rouunauu cnMcna u ctoaeu sa uun nMcnu. +to e ctout sa
atunu sosnouoctnu oneuMx? 8qece noryt Mte qsa ocueuu. epsoe ato to, +to nMcne cunynetauua
u oua ue scerqa cssaua co cnoson (o aton nM rucanu sMae), u stopoe ato to, +to terct xapartepusyetc
ue tonero nuursuctu+ecrunu rapanetpanu, uo ou sMxoqut sa ux rpeqenM u torqa sMctyrakt ye sarouM
rcuxonoru+ecrue. 0ropa ua atot rcuxonoru+ecruu rnau tercta, rotopMu cssau c usueuuMn orMton cyerta,
c ero suauunu, c ero rpoanMn pe+esMn orMton u s enon c couaneuMn orMton +enosera, u snetc
oquun us nexauusnos rouunauu cnMcna. Kpone toro, ussectuo, +to ua rcuxonoru+ecron yposue rouunauue
pe+u rpoucxoqut ua ocuose qpyroro cuutarcuca, rotopMu ue cosraqaet c noruro-rpannatu+ecrunu
rouctpyrunu sueaueu pe+u. | ato ronoraet oneuMn cxsatMsate s enon oauu cnMcn tercta. 8 aton
cny+ae y oneuMx sosuuraet csoeopasuoe +ysctso rouunauu, ua rotopoe yrasMsan s csoux paotax A. A.
Cnupuos. 0u rucan, +to ua repsou ctyreuu sapoqeuu rouunauu rouunauue repeusaetc s opne ocoo-
ro +ysctsa, rotopoe nkuo xapartepusosate rar csoeopasuoe +ysctso sapoqeuu +ero-to, +to scrope
pacrpoetc rar rouunauue. la cneqykaeu ctyreuu rouunauue qauo orte-taru s opne csoeopasuoro
+ysctsa, rotopoe snetc, oquaro, ye +ysctson ocyaectsnkaeroc rouunauu
1
. .
0quaro * qn onee rnyororo u to+uoro rouunauu tercta ueoxoquno co+etauue rcuxonoru+ecroro u
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
nuursuctu+ecroro rnauos pe+u, t. e. rouunauue ue tonero oaero cnMcna tercta u cnMcna otqeneuMx ero
aneneutos u ux sua+euuu, uo u nMcnu, orocpeqosauuou unu. 8ua+euue y atou rpyrrM oneuMx, rar nM ye
rucanu, orasMsaetc uapyaeuuMn, roatony uecnotp ua repsu+uyk coxpauuocte rpoterauu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y uux unektc tarue qeertM, rotopMe neaakt un rouunate pe+esMe
terctM c qoctato+uou ctereuek rnyuuM.
lapyaeuue rouunauu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, otpaakaux speneuuMe, rpoctpauctseuuMe,
rpu+uuuo-cneqctseuuMe u
Cnupuos A. A. cuxonoru saronuuauu.V.; ., 1948.C. 156.
qpyrue cssu oertusuMx sneuuu oertusuoro nupa, seqet, rar rorasanu uaau qpyrue orMtM, r uapyaeuuk
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u rpu peaeuuu uteucrux, MtosMx saqa+. Tar, uerotopMe oneuMe c rpyou
ctereuek tectu cenautu+ecrou aasuu ue nornu peaate MtosMe saqa+u, tar rar ouu ue scerqa nornu
artyanusuposate sce uyuMe qeuctsu u orepauu, ue nornu sMctpoute ux s uyuou rocneqosateneuoctu rpu
rouunauuu u ronuou coxpauuoctu notusos u enu qeteneuoctu. 0+esuquo, +to uapyaeuu rouunauu
sua+euuu tarux noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, rar rpeqnouMe, cpasuuteneuMe, rouctpyruu tsopu-
teneuoro (uuctpyneutaneuoro) raqea, a tare u uerouunauue cnyeuMx csso+uMx cnos, rotopMe
rpuuaqneat r tou cepe sMrosou cenauturu, rotopa otpaaet uauonee oaue actpartuMe rateropuu
MtuuuMx otuoaeuuu enesMx, rpu+uuuMx, rpoctpauctseuuMx u t. q., ro sceu suqunoctu, u neat s ocuose
tpyquocteu rouunauu rocneqosateneuoctu u uepapxuu qeuctsuu u orepauu, ueoxoqunoro qn peaeuu
pasnu+uoro poqa nMcnuteneuMx saqa+.
Coscen uuyk raptuuy nM ouapyunu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten ropM ronosuoro nosra.
3. hAPYUEhhE PA50Tb 6 hTEPATYPhbH TEK6T0H
Y 50bhbX 6 0PAAEhhEH 05hbX 0Eh H03|A
oua onacte ropM ronosuoro nosra sauunaet y +enosera onee '/4 sceu naccM ropM. lapqy c
uuueteneuuou onactek nouMe qonu snktc canMn cnouMn u n uctopu+ecru canMn uosMn
opasosauuen oneaux ronyaapuu nosra. 3ta onacte otnu+aetc ot qpyrux u ten, +to oua uneet canoe
touroe ctpoeuue u canMe nuoroopasuMe u nuoro+ucneuuMe cuctenM csseu c qpyrunu onactnu nosra.
Cospesakt ouu rosquee octaneuMx otqenos nosra u rpeqctasnkt coou ocoMe souM, croco paotM ro-
topMx u yuruu tare secena otnu+aktc ot scex qpyrux sou nosra.
oua onacte coctout us tpex oneaux otqenos, pasnu+aenMx ro csoeny ctpoeuuk, cssn u yurun. 8
ueu nouo sMqenute rpenotopuMe otqenM (6 u 8.ron 6poqnaua), rotopMe snktc stopu+uMnu ronnu
qsurateneuoro auanusatopa, rpepoutaneuMe rousercutaneuMe otqenM (9, 10, 11 u 45 ron) u
nequoaiansuse, unu oputaneuMe, otqenM (l, 12, 32 u 47 ron), unekaue nuauaue cssu c nunu+ecrou
onactek nosra. 8auo otnetute, +to ato pasqeneuue ue cny+auuoe, raqa us atux onacteu uneet csoe
auatonu+ecroe ctpoeuue u yuruu, otnu+uMe ot qpyrux +acteu nouou onactu. 0 aton csuqetenectsykt u
ropaeuu atux onacteu nosra, rotopMe seqyt r pasnu+uMn yuruouaneuMn usneueuun.
Cospeneuua auatonu otuocut nouMe onactu r tpetu+uMn onactn nosra, rotopMe xapartepusyktc
ten, +to ouu op-

Puc. I. Kapta utoapxutertouu+ecrux roneu ropM ronosuoro nosra (ro
Vocroscrony uuctutyty nosra): a rousercutaneua ropa; nequaneua ropa.
nupyktc ua canMx rosquux atarax outoreuesa, unekt cnouoe ctpoeuue u, rnasuoe onaqakt oneaun
ronu+ectson cucten csseu, naroqap rotopMn nouMe qonu noryt perynuposate oaee coctouue nosrosou
ropM u rpoterauue rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu +enosera. 0uu rpuuunakt uerocpeqctseuuoe y+actue s
oprauusauu roseqeuu +enosera, urpakt sua+uteneuyk pone s perynuu touyca ropM u snktc
arrapaton, oecre+usakaun opnuposauue ctourux uanepeuuu, orpeqenkaux cosuateneuoe
51
roseqeuue +enosera
1
. 0cuosuMnu yurunu nouMx qoneu snktc rporpannuposauue, perynu u
routpone rpoterauu scex rcuxu+ecrux yuruu +enosera. |cxoq us ctpoeuu u yuruu nouMx qoneu, ux
saueuaeu ponu s rpoterauuu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, uetpyquo rpeqctasute, +to ux ropaeuue rpuse-
qet r uapyaeuuk scex sMcaux opn oprauusauu cosuateneuou qeteneuoctu, u rpeqe scero r uapyaeuuk
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. |ssectuo, +to rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu, rar rpasuno, uapyaaktc sce
ee suqM, ua+uua ot rpocteuaux uarnquMx opn u rou+a cnouMnu suqanu actpartuo-noru+ecroro
nManeuu. pu aton aneneutapuMe opnM (yposuu) artusuoctu'octakt-c, rar rpasuno, coxpauuMnu.
opaeuu nouMx qoneu nosra seqyt r usneueuuk ctpoeuu rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu +enosera, r
uapyaeuuk roseqeuu, rotopoe s oquux cny+ax rposnetc s cuueuuu artusuoctu, a s qpyrux s
teuqeuux r unrynecusuMn ecroutponeuMn artan. 3tu uapyaeuu crasMsaktc u ua rpoterauuu uutenner-
tyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
0quaro ye rpeqMqyaue uaa-u paotM
2
rorasanu, +to ue cyaectsyet oquoro nouoro cuuqpona, a ecte ero
sapuautM, cssauuMe c ropaeuuen pasnu+uMx sou nouMx onacteu nosra. 8 atux uccneqosauux Mno
sMqeneuo u orucauo 3 eapua+ma no+oco cu+dpova: cuuqponM, sosuurakaue rpu ropaeuuu npe-
po+mane+ex, sad+e-no+ex u veduoasane+ex otqenos nouou onactu nosra. VexauusnM uapyaeuuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u sce atu cuuqponM unekt ueoquuarosMu xapartep, u roatony ropaeuu
scex yrasauuMx otqenos xot u- seqyt r uapyaeuuk ctpyrtypM u rpoterauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
s enon, uo s raqon cny+ae r pasuMn ero opnan.
Auanus uaaero arcrepuneutaneuoro natepuana rossonun sMqenute cyaectseuuMe ronroueutM
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
(unu'artopM), rpusoqaue r uapyaeuuk uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, pasuMe s pasuMx nouMx
cuuqponax. epeeu us +ux ato sosuuruoseuue u+a|mue-+ocmu u namonocuvec|ou u+epm+ocmu rpoterauu
uepsuMx rpoeccos u sosuuruoseuue ua atou ocuose- qeertos repernk+euu c oquoro qeuctsu (orepauu)
ua qpyroe. 3tot artop neut s ocuose sad+e-no+oco cu+dpova, xot ero aneneutM noryt ouapyusatec u
rpu ropaeuuu qpyrux sou nouou onactu. 8aque-nouMe otqenM (rpenotopua onacte, 6 u 8 ron) sxoqt s
coctas roprosMx otqenos qsurateneuoro auanusatopa. oatony rorqa ouu ropaaktc, to sosuuraet
uapyaeuue sMcaux astonatusnos, +to seqet r qeertan repernk+euu. 3tun ocuktc ocoeuuoctu
uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu ropa-
1
ypu A. P. 0cuosM ueuporcuxonoruu.- V., 1973.C. 196.
Cn.: ypu A. P., s e t r o s a . C. leuporcuxonoru+ecruu auanus peaeuu saqa+.V., 1966.
euuu atou souM, rotopMe (s ocoeuuoctu) uyqaktc s qaneueuaen usy+euuu.
3mopou a|mop ato namonocuvec|oe ocnane+ue mopvos+ex npo(eccoe u nerra saneua auanutu+ecrou,
opueutuposo+uou u eneuarpasneuuou qeteneuoctu uerocpeqctseuuMnu, unrynecusuo sosuurakaunu
rorMtranu peaate uutennertyaneuMe saqa+u. 3tot ronroueut nor unete necto rpu nkon us sapuautos
nouoro cuuqpona, uo ocoeuuo ot+etnuso rposnnc rpu nopae+uu a-sane+ex omdenoe. 8 aton cny+ae
uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpoterakt ua oue uapyaeuu anououaneuo-sonesou cepM
nu+uoctu rpu roteuuaneuou coxpauuoctu opnaneuMx orepauu nManeuu. Veduane+ee u veduoasane+ee
(unu oputaneuMe) otqenM nouMx qoneu nosra (11, 12, 32, 47 ron 6poqnaua) rpeqctasnkt coou
cosepaeuuo ocoyk u uauonee ctapyk +acte no'uou ropM. 0uu cssauM c qpyrunu otqenanu nunu+ecroro
nosra u c uueneaaunu rurotananu+ecrunu opasosauunu. opaeuu atou onactu nouMx qoneu seqyt r
aertusuMn uapyaeuun u r stopu+uony usneueuuk uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu (puc. 1).
8 tpeteen cny+ae rpu vaccue+ex +ap,ae+u+x npepo+-mane+ex omdenoe no+ex so+ n,osra s ocuose
cuuqpona noryt neate pasuMe artopM: unu cp,a+ adu+avu+ ncuxuvec|ux npo(eccoe, unu
pacve+map+ocme deucmeuu, sMrasaux us oaeu rporpannM qeteneuoctu, u sce ato corposoqaetc
rpyMn +ap,ae+uev ocos+a+u+ ceoux deucmeuu u ux usupateneuoctu u uapyaeuuen qeuctsuu routpon.
opaeuu rpepoutaneuMx otqenos nosra rpusoqt r uauonee sapuatusuMn rocneqctsun u noryt qasate
auporuu quarasou uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ot rpyoro pacraqa atux rpoeccos qo eqsa
sanetuMx nerrux uapyaeuuu.
n

Ecnu s repsMx qsyx cny+ax uapyaaetc rporpannuposauue uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, to s tpeteen
cny+ae turu+uMnu qeertanu snktc uapyaeuu pec,nupoea+u+ u |o+mpon+, sosuurakaue us-sa qeertos
cene|mue+ocmu.
pepoutaneuMe rousercutaneuMe otqenM ropM ronosuoro nosra pacrtnoeuM rrepequ ot notopuou souM (4
rone 6poqnaua) u rpenotopuou souM (6 u 8 ron) u srnk+akt s coctas pq opasosauuu (9, 10, II, 46 ron
6poqnaua). 3to tpetu+uMe onactu, onaqakaue uauonee tourun ctpoeuuen u uauonee nuoroopasuMnu
cssnu c octaneuMnu onactnu oneaux ronyaapuu nosra. 0 repequux (rpepoutaneuMx) onactx
nouMx qoneu ussectuo neueae, +en o qpyrux onactx nosrosou ropM. 3to uauonee rosquue opasosauu
ropM, u ux cssu sactasnkt otuocute ux r +ucny tex otqenos, y+actsykaux s perynuu uauonee cnouMx
rpoeccos oprauusauu sMcaeu rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu, rotopMe Pose u pupan oosua+akt tepnuuon
intrinsic zones, t. e. euuMe, unu cyaectseuuMe, souM. opaeuue atux otqenos seqet r uapyaeuuk
perynuu u canoperynuu uauonee cno-
uMx opn rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu. |ssectuMe uapyaeuu uuuuatusM, rputuru, eneuarpasneuuoro
roseqeuu otuoctc uneuuo r atun souan.
atonoru uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ee ctpyrtypa u nexauusnM rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu
usy+anuce nuorunu uccneqosatennu, oquaro qo cux rop s atou onactu octaetc nuoro uepeaeuuMx
rponen. 8 +actuoctu, uyqaetc s qaneueuaen usy+euuu xapartep uapyaeuu rcuxonoru+ecrou ctopouM
pe+esoro nManeuu, ocoeuuoctu ssaunocssu nuursuctu+ecroro u rcuxonoru+ecroro rnauos (yposueu)
nManeuu, nano usy+eua u pone nouMx qoneu s rouunauuu cnMcna u sua+euuu, t. e. s" enon cenauturu
pe+esoro nManeuu. leqoctato+uo usy+eua u pone canou pe+esou qeteneuoctu rar peryntopa rpoterauu
pe+esoro nManeuu, rponena ssaunoqeuctsu yposueu oprauusauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u ux
uapyaeuu, pone uutennertyaneuMx uasMros u rpasun s rpoterauuu nMcnuteneuMx rpoeccos rpu
ropaeuux nosra u t. q. 3to qanero ue ronuMu rpyr uepeaeuuMx rponen, usy+euue rotopMx snetc
sauMn rar qn rouunauu ponu nouMx qoneu s rpoterauuu nMcnuteneuMx rpoeccos, tar u qn usy+euu
nosrosMx ocuos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
|ccneqosauue uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou, qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu roqsoqut r
rouunauuk nosrosMx nexauusnos sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu.
|sy+euue uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ee uapyaeuuu rpu ropaeuuu pasnu+uMx onacteu nosra u
coroctasneuue rony+euuMx qauuMx ronesuo ten, +to taroe uccneqosauue rossonet yto+uute creuury
y+actu s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu raqou onactu nosra u ux ssaunoqeuctsue rpu opnuposauuu u
peanusauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca. Vetoqura u natepuan uccneqosauu Mnu tenu e, +to u s
uccneqosauuu uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+-uMx otqenos
nosra. 8 arcrepuneute y+actsosanu 36 oneuMx c ropaeuunu pasuMx onacteu nouMx qoneu nosra: 15
oneuMx c ropaeuuen rpepoutaneuMx otqenos, k -c ropaeuuen saque-nouMx u 11
nequoasaneuMx otqenos nouMx cucten. 28 oneuMx unenu oryxonesyk rpupoqy ropaeuu nosra, a 8
oneuMx +eperuo-nosrosyk tpasny. 8ce oneuMe, rar u rpeqMqyaa rpyrra oneuMx c ropaeuuen
teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra, Mnu ocneqosauM uesponoru+ecru u ueuporcuxonpru+ecru, nuorue us
uux Mnu orepuposauM ro rosoqy oryxoneu.
0ctauosunc ua auanuse uapyaeuu paotM c nutepatypuMn tercton y oneuMx c ropaeuuen sad+e-no+ex
omdenoe nosra. 8 atux cny+ax cpasy ouapyusaktc rar qeertM oaero roseqeuu otcytctsue
rotpeuoctu s qeteneuoctu, uuartus-uocte (s qpyrux cny+ax unrynecusuocte) s roseqeuuu, otcytctsue
routponupykaux sMronueuue saqauu qeuctsuu rpu coxpauuou crocouoctu ux sMronueuu, tar u
rourpetuMe creuu+e-
crue uapyaeuu rpoterauu nMcquteneuoro rpoecca. peqe scero pocaetc s rnasa ronuoe otcytctsue
notusa, saten, ecnu sce e oneuou ua+uuaet paotate uaq peaeuuen saqa+u, ouapyusaetc rpyoe
uapyaeuue opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu. pu cosqauuu orpeqeneuuMx ycnosuu,
ctunynupykaux qeteneuocte oneuMx, orasMsaetc, +to orepauu ro opueutuposre s saqauuu qoctyruM
oneuMn atou rpyrrM.
3tu qeertM ouapyusakt ce so scex cepux orMtos u rposnktc ye rpu rpocteuaeu saqa+e
repecrasa rosectsosateneuMx terctos. |x repecrasM o+eue nusru r tercty u qaktc es rarux-nuo
cnMcnosMx ooaeuuu. lepeqro s ux usnoeuuu otcytctsyet csse neqy otqeneuMnu parneutanu, uuorqa
repecras tepet csou usupateneuMu xapartep, u s uero srnetaktc roo+uMe accouauu, sosuurakaue rpu
+teuuu.
0coMe tpyquoctu atu oneuMe ucrMtMsakt rpu repecrasax orucateneuMx terctos, srnk+akaux oM+uo
uecronero cnMcnosMx sseuees, uepeqro cssauuMx uesuqunMn noru+ecrun xoqon usnoeuu. 8 atux cny+ax
ocoeuuo +acto rposnetc teuqeuu r parneutapuony usnoeuuk, u torqa repecras rpuopetaet opny
ue cssauuMx qpyr c qpyron parneutos. 3tu oneuMe ue noryt sMqenute cyaectseuuMe aneneutM s tercte,
ouu otsneraktc ua stopoctereuuMe qauuMe u roatony, rar rpasuno, ue noryt qate ctpouuoro
rocneqosateneuoro usnoeuu rpo+utauuoro u otsetute ua sorpocM: o +en u +to rosoputc s tercte, raros ero
cnMcn u t. q.
Auanus natepuanos rorasMsaet, +to sce atu qeertM snktc pesynetaton otcytctsu y .atou rpyrrM
oneuMx creuaneuou paotM ro auanusy cnMcnosou ctpyrtypM tercta, artM usnaraktc s
rocneqosateneuoctu, qauuou s tercte; oneuMe ue cosqakt coctseuuoro rnaua u ue sMxoqt- sa rpeqenM
astonatusuposauuMx s rpoanon orMte ctepeoturos, rotopMe noryt sosuurate* es y+actu cnouMx opn
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
puseqen rpunepM.
6oneuou 6. (uct. onesuu N 27715, 34733), 56 net, c sMcaun opasosauuen, qo onesuu Mn uay+uMn paotuuron s onactu
ro+soseqeuu. octyrun s |uctutyt ueupoxupypruu s cssu c neqneuuo pactyaeu on,xones sad+ux omdenoe neeou no+ou donu. 8
te+euue scex rocneqykaux net oneuou uaxoqunc roq ua [uun cuctenatu+ecrun uankqeuuen. Eny Mna cqenaua orepau, rpu
rotopou yqaneua oryxone (onuroqeuqpornuona) oneaux pasnepos. 0ua rpunerana r tsepqou nosrosou oono+re u yxoquna s rnye
nesou nouou qonu s ee saquux otqenax. 6oneuou Mn ronuoctek opueutuposau, aqersateu; uo y uero Mnu +etro sMpaeuuMe
sneuu uuartusuoetu u esMuuuatusuoctu. 8 qaneueuaen y oneuoro atu cunrtonM uapactanu. K noneuty uaaeu paotM c oneuMn
y uero unen necto ot+etnusMu sad+e-no+eu cu+dpov, xapartepusykauuc uuartusuoctek u ratonoru+ecrou uueptuoctek, rotopMu
ocoeuuo pesro sMctyran s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
6oneuou otuocuteneuo nerro crpasnnc c saqauuen, tpeykaun ot uero rpoctoro repecrasMsauu rpo+utauuoro tercta, uo ue nor
coctasute rnaua qae r aneneutapuony tercty. 8 ocuose qeertos rnauuposauu tercta y uero neana uueptuocte pe+esMx atanros,
ctepeoturos, repcesepauu, tpyquoctu repernk+euu c oquoro suqa saqauu ua qpyrou.
puseqen rpunep. 6oneuony Mno rpeqnoeuo rpo+utate u yctuo repecrasate orucateneuMu terct l. Crpeuroro u 8. +arnuuou
ocnotpu s oruo. (8 paccrase rosoputc o sune, o ton, rar suna paspucosMsaet orua, rorpMsaet cueron qepese, ryctM.
PaccrasMsaetc o sunykaux rtuax sopoex, ranrax, o ux usuu sunou. losoputc o ton, +to sunou y +enose+ecroro une nouo
ysuqete u copory, u cuuuy.)
6oneuou ro+tu qocnosuo repeqaet coqepauue atoro paccrasa, uo orasMsaetc ecronoauMn rpu saqauuu sM+neuute ocuosuMe
nMcnu tercta u coctasute r ueny rnau. pu rpeqnoeuuu coctasute rnau paccrasa ou rosoput: nau... sua+ut... tar... repsMu ryurt...
sua+ut, ato... qa! epsoeato... rocnotpu s oruo... (raysa)... uy u stopoe rocnotpu s oruo (cneetc) u tan sce ysuquae... sce oruo
paspucosauo enMnu ysopanu u qepese toe... (qaneae oneuou cocranesMsaet ua rpoctoe repecrasMsauue cketa). la sorpoc
arcrepuneutatopa: e vev cvecn pacc|asa? oneuou otse+an: CnMcn... qa ato sot rocnotpu s oruo, sce oruo paspucosauo
ysopanu... 0|aume, a vopane e amov pacc|ase ecme? Vopane! ly, nopane ato +to-to o+eue sauo, a tyt oruo, rtuM...
Te e canMe tpyquoctu ouapyusaktc rpu paote oneuoro c rosectsosateneuMn tercton. 0u es tpyqa u nusro r tercty
repecrasMsan coqepauue paccrasa K. Ctaukrosu+a Varcunra. 0quaro rnau r atony paccrasy oneuou ue cnor coctasute, uecnotp
ua nuoro+ucneuuMe rorMtru; ou sce spen ouapyusan teuqeuuk repexoqa r rpoctony usnoeuuk paccrasa.
puseqen rpunep. 0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as,. nau... uy Mno aecte +acos ytpa. 8aten..- Kpur +acosorq... ly, ronauqa ouepa...
Csuctate scex uasepx... 16 natpocos u ouep cryctunuce s ankrry, u +epes tpu +etseptu +aca curuaneaur sasun... 3e e
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
nepec|aseeaeme pacc|as, a +,+o cocmaeume nna+. A-a, xopoao. 8ua+ut, aecte +acos ytpa Mno... u orte qeypuMu ouep qan
ronauqy... (cneetc). Passe ato ue rnau? Tpyquo, ro+eny-to ue rony+aetc.
n atoro oneuoro, rar u qn qpyrux oneuMx c cuuqponon uuartusuoctu u ratonoru+ecrou uueptuoctu pas
sosuuraux ctepeoturos, xapartepuo uapyaeuue ue tonero rpoecca coctasneuu rnaua r rpo+utauuony
tercty, uo u ronua uesosnouocte cosqauu ooaeuuoro co+uueuu ua saqauuyk teny.
|ssectuo, +to co+uueuue ua saqauuyk teny tpeyet rpeqe scero rpeqsaputeneuoro sanMcna, artyanusauu
cootsetctsykaux suauuu, ux auanusa, cosqauu oaeu cxenM co+uueuu, sMqeneuu rnasuoro u otsne+euu
ot stopoctereuuoro s qauuou tene. Kar rorasanu uaau orMtM, uu oquu oneuou paccnatpusaenou rpyrrM ue
nor crpasutec c atun saqauuen. 8 ny+aen cny+ae ouu orpauu+usanuce usnoeuuen rourpetuMx coMtuu,
repeusauuu, unesaux necto s ux rpoanon orMte.
Tar, orucMsaenMu oneuou 6., rony+us saqauue paccrasate o Cesepe, otrasMsanc ot uero, ccMnace ua to, +to ou uu+ero ... ue
ronuut u ue suaet o Cesepe. onpo,ume ece-ma|u |opom|o pacc|asame cavoe cnae+oe, xom+ e mo, vmo omnuvaem eco om |ca.
po +to paccrasate... rar atp sce... ue suak. F sce ye saMn... (qnuteneua raysa). onemaumece e(e ^pas. ocne raysM oneuou
sqpyr ua+uuaet +utate ctuxu V. k. epnoutosa: la cesepe quron ctout oquuoro ua ronou sepauue cocua... Tar nouo? lem, eede
3e, cocmee++o, +uveco +e c|asanu o 0eeepe, a nomov eede amo +e 3aau vecnu u +e 3aau cnoea. 3e ceoe pacc|aume. Cesep
ato ronpuMe quu u ronpuMe uo+u. 8ce. |a| ece? Tar, sce. 6oneae ue suak, +to rosopute.
8 otset ua qaneueuaue uactou+usMe rpoceM arcrepuneutatopa paccrasate o Cesepe oneuou socrpoussen rourpetuMu cny+au us
csoeu rparturu. F paccray rpo Konecruu ronyoctpos, rpo necta, s rotopMx Mn. 6yxta... VM sMcaqunuce s yxte auou. VM exanu
s roperax (uassauue caueu), u sacuyn, u y neu oterunuce oneuu. | octanc oquu. 6Mna rypra... aneae
oneuou paccrasan o rourpetuon csoen ryteaectsuu ro Konecrony ronyoctposy. Dve+e u+mepec+o. / menepe cocmaeeme nna+ |
3aaev, pacc|as,, oos+aveme oc+oe+ee cvecnoeee ,sne (vacmu) 3aaeco me|cma. Tar. po Konecruu ronyoctpos, rpo necta, rqe
paotan, s yxte nM sMcaqunuce, s yxte auou... | qaneae oneuou cuosa roqpouo paccrasan atot cny+au us csoeu usuu.
VM suqun, +to oneuou roqneuun oquo saqauue, onee cnouoe, qpyrun, onee rpoctMn
socrpousseqeuuen ro rantu ussectuMx eny coMtuu, suauuu, yrpo+euuMx s ero rpoanon orMte.
|snoeuue coMtuu, repeusauuu, unesaux necto s rpoanon orMte +enosera, ato qeteneuocte, rotopa
noet rpoterate ua yposue uerocpeqctseuuoro socrpousseqeuu es y+actu artusuMx opn nMcnuteneuou
qeteneuoctu. Cosqauue e ooaeuuoro paccrasa (co+uueuu) ua saqauuyk teny, pacrpMtue ero coqepauu,
yneuue sM+neuute cnMcnosMe ysnM rpeqctasnkt coou cnouMu uutennertyaneuMu rpoecc, tpeykauu
coxpauuoctu rpoeccos auanusa u cuutesa artyanusuposauuMx suauuu, sMqeneuu us uux rnasuMx ryurtos,
otsne+euu ot stopoctereuuMx aneneutos, ooaeuu sMqeneuuoro natepuana u cosqauu ua ero ocuose
oaeu cxenM, a saten u rnaua paccrasa u, uaroue, crocouoctu rocneqosateneuoro usnoeuu natepuana,
rpoterakaero rpu uerpepMsuon cnu+euuu usnaraenoro u nMcnunoro (uqeaneuo rnauupyenoro).
6oneuMe c sad+e-no+ev cu+dpovov, qn rotopMx xapartepuo uapyaeuue artusuoctu rpoterauu sMcaux
rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, uueptuocte ctepeoturos u repcesepauu s pe+u, rar rpasuno, ue crpasnktc c atun
saqauuen canoctoteneuo.
+toM rposepute rpeqronoeuue, +to oneuou ue noet rpuqynate paccras us-sa qeertos rnauupykaeu qeteneuoctu, nM
rpeqnounu eny rotosMu rnau r co+uueuuk ua teny Cesep u rorpocunu coctasute paccras, ctporo rpuqepusace qauuoro eny
rnaua: I) Knunat. 2) pupoquMe ocoeuuoctu Cesepa. 3) XusotuMu nup. 4) Pactuteneuocte. 5)' o+sM.
Paccras oneuoro ro atony rnauy otnu+aetc ronuotou cseqeuuu ro raqony ryurty u ooaeuuou opnou usnoeuu, xot u sqece
nM suqun troteuue r repecrasy nu+uoro orMta. Knunat cMpou. Xonoq. Vopos. Vue xo+etc crasate, +to sqece orono tpex neces
Msaet qeue. Pasee o|ono mpex vec+(ee? a, a uuorqa ro aecte neces. |a| amo u+ocda? let, s uerotopMx aupotax. 8etep, ou
o+eue ueroutuMu. 0u noet qyte qse-tpu ueqenu, a roton cpasy sce ctuxaet... (aysa.) 3ce? let. (aysa.) ocvompume +a nna+.
Tar... Veqy rpo+un, paccrasMsak ue sooae o Cesepe, a o Espore, tyuqpe. ovev,? o+eny?.. le suak (cneetc). Tan, s
oaen, suna u neto ro cyaectsy, a secuM u oceuu uenuoro. CesepuMe cuuu, roue+uo, uyuo otnetute. 3to senuroe rpupoquoe
sneuue, cssauuoe c naruutuMnu sosnyaeuunu. ly a usotuMu nup tan equMu, otuocuteneuo, roue+uo... | t. q.
|s rpotorona suquo, +to oneuou ro rotosony rnauy otuocuteneuo nerro crpasnetc c saqa+eu co+uueuu ua
qauuyk teny.
Eae oneaue tpyquoctu ucrMtMsakt oneuMe atou rpyrrM rpu coctasneuuu rnaua ua saqauuyk teny.
Tar, oneuou 6. r paccrasy ua teny 0 kre coctasun cneqykauu rnau: 1) kr ato ctpaua conua. 2) kr ato ctpaua usounu. 3)
kr ato ctpaua c+acte. 4) kr ato... ocmapaumece cocmaeume onee nodpo+eu nna+, vmoe o+ ompaan codepa+ue 3aaeco
pacc|asa, du+avu|, coemuu. ocne qnutene-
uou raysM oneuou usnoun tarou >re ctepeoturuMu aanouuMu rnau: 1) Vo roesqra ua kr. 2) Vo roesqra e ctpauy usounu. 3) Vo roesqra...
VM suqun, +to qeteneuocte ro coctasneuuk rnaua u ero ooaeuuoro usnoeuu saneaaetc y oneuoro
repcesepaunu u ctepeoturuMnu pasanu, +to csuqetenectsyet o rpyon uapyaeuuu pe+esoro nManeuu, s
+actuoctu ero quuanuru, s ocuose rotoporo neut uueptuocte uepsuMx rpoeccos.
eertM uutennertyaneuoro arta s arcrepuneute c nutepatypuMn tercton nM ouapyunu u y qpyrou
roqrpyrrM oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon {veduoasane+ev), oquaro s ocuose uapyaeuuu sqece nean ye
qpyrou artop ueroppurupyena (unu tpyquo roppurupyena) uvn,necue+ocme s rpoterauuu rcuxu+ecrux
rpoeccos u scero roseqeuu s rpoecce sMronueuu qauuMx saqauuu.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneua 6. (uct. onesuu N 35070, 37434), 44 net, opasosauue sMcaee, reqaror, roctyruna rostopuo c roqospeuuen ua
rpoqonakauuc poct oryxonu. 6oneua repeuecna orepauk ro rosoqy yqaneuu oryxonu, rotopa rpopocna sck ropy uuuux
otqenos nesou nouou onactu. 0ryxone yxoquna s repequuu por nesoro enyqo+ra, pacrpoctpaunace qo ronkca u saquun rouon
yxoquna s repequue otqenM suco+uou qonu". ocne orepauu sMrucanace s yqosnetsoputeneuon coctouuu. pu rostopuon
roctyrneuuu s ueuporcuxonoru+ecron ctatyce y oneuou sMsunc ot+etnusMu cuuqpon acroutauuoctu, uuartusuoctu, ratonoru+ecrou
uueptuoctu u repcesepauu. lankqanuce cunrtonM usneueuuu nu+uoctu cuueuue oaeu artusuoctu, esy+actuocte r
orpyakaeny, uerputu+uocte r csoeny saonesauuk, auopu u naroqyaue, otne+anace sMpaeuua unrynecusuocte. pu
rostopuou orepauu yqaneua suytpunosrosau oryxone us nesou nouou qonu, rotopa pacronaranace s ronkce nouou qonu, yxoquna
qo aner-ca u asaneuo. ocne orepauu ueuporcuxon0ru+ecruu cuuqpon octanc tot e, uo neueaeu ctereuu sMpaeuuoctu.
6oneua ctana onee artusua u roqsuua, onee ot+etnusMn ctan cuuqpon unrynecusuoctu s roseqeuuu.
8 paote c terctanu oneua ouapyusana ot+etnusMe qeertM. 0ua xopoao repecrasMsana terctM, uo rpu coctasneuuu rnaua r
uun ucrMtMsana uerpeoqonunMe tpyquoctu, Mna uerputu+ua r pesynetatan csoeu qeteneuoctu. ae s tex cny+ax, rorqa oua,
rasanoce M, ua+uuana rpasuneuo coctasnte rnau, s roue paotM ueuseuo cocranesMsana ua perpoqyrtusuyk qeteneuocte. n
uee, tar e rar u qn qpyrux oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon, uauonee tpyquMnu s paote Mnu terctM orucateneuoro xapartea. lue
rpuseqen rpunepM paotM oneuou c tercton.
6oneuou qaetc ussectuMu paccras . l. Tonctoro Kocto+ra. Kyruna nate cnus u xotena ux qate qetn rocne oeqa. CnusM neanu
ua tapenre. 8au uurorqa ue en cnus u sce ukxan ux. | o+eue ouu eny upasunuce. 0+eue xotenoce cecte. 0u sce xoqun nuno cnus.
Korqa uuroro ue Mno s ronuate, ou ue yqepanc, cxsatun oquy cnusy u cen. epeq oeqon nate co+na cnusM u suqut oquou uet.
0ua crasana oty. 8a oeqon ote u rosoput: A +to, qetu, ue cen nu rto-uuyqe oquy cnusy? 8ce crasanu: let. 8au rorpacuen
rar par u crasan toe: let, ue en. Torqa ote crasan: +to cen rto-uuyqe us sac, ato uexopoao, uo ue s ton eqa. 6eqa s ton, +to
s cnusax ecte rocto+ru, u ecnu rto ue yneet ux ecte u rpornotut rocto+ry, to +epes qe+e ynpet. F atoro okce. 8au ronequen u
crasan; let, rocto+ry pocun sa oroaro. | sce sacnenuce, a 8au sarnaran.
6Mctpo rpo+utas paccras, oneua c rocreauoctek, uo roqpouo repecrasana coqepauue: Vate ryruna r oeqy cnus. CnusM atu
Mnu sMnoeuM tar, +to raqMu us qeteu nor xoqute u ssqMxate... Vane+ur ro uassauuk |sau ue ytepren u cen oquy cnusy. epeq
oeqon nate co+na cnusM, u orasanoce, +to oquou uet.
Torqa ote crpocun, rto us qeteu cen cnusy... | t. q. 0quaro coctasneuue rnaua octaetc qn oneuou ueqoctyruMn.
0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as,. (nuteneua raysa.) D +ev 3e d,vaeme? Tar, uu o +en ocoeuuon ue qynak. 0ocmaen+ume nna+. ly,
ryrunu cnus... onounu ux, a qetu xoqunu u ssqMxanu. A roton... |sau, nane+ur, ctaaun oquy cnusy (cneetc). 0uu sce tarue
(raysa). 3e cocmaen+eme nna+? a-qa... 8ua+ut, a passe ue coctasnk? lem. a, tar sot, ote ouapyun... 3e nepec|ase-
eaeme pacc|as, a +,+o cocmaeume |pam|uu nna+. ly +to , roryrra +epuocnus r oeqy. 8oposctso |saua +epuocnus. A ote ysuan
rpo ato u crpocun, ue cen nu rto us qeteu. aneae om me|cma, nue | nna+,. a-qa... Kar ou ouapyun ueqoctakayk cnusy
(raysa). ev |o+vaemc+ pacc|as? Kar |sau... paccrasan o ton, rar cnusa Mna un yrpaqeua. / e vev cvecn pacc|asa, eco vopane?
CnMcn... ly, sot, nate ryruna cnusM, co+na ux. etu xoqunu sorpyr u 8au toe. l,, xopoao, e vev cvecn? ly, u rosopk...
(poqonaet paccras.) / vopane? ly, nopane ato nerro. 3to sot rorqa ryrunu cnusM. Co+nu ux. etu xoqt, cnotpt ua cnusM. 8ot
u sce (cneetc).
Auanoru+uMe tpyquoctu oneua ucrMtana u rpu coctasneuuu rnaua r orucateneuony tercty Tur.p.
onoeuue turpa... coctseuuo, rqe? (aysa. Terct +utaetc stopou pas.) Ara, ronoeuue turpa s oxote... oton... A u ue suak, +to
roton. Coqepauue tercta oneua repecrasana rpasuneuo.
lauoneaue tpyquoctu sosuuranu y oneuou rpu saqauuu coctasute rnau r paccrasy o repeutMx coMtux unu r co+uueuuk ua
saqauuyk teny. 8necto rnaua unu ooaeuuoro tsop+ecroro usnoeuu unekauxc y uee suauuu ro qauuou tene oneua roqpouo
orucMsana rourpetuMe, ussectuMe eu arusoqM us usuu. Tar, s otset ua saqauue rpuqynate terct ua teny kr u otnetute s paccrase
uauonee cyaectseuuoe, xapartepuoe qn kra oneua repecrasana csok rourpetuyk roesqry ua kr. 8necto rnaua r atou e tene
oneua cuosa co scenu roqpouoctnu rostopuna paccras.
nau, tar. oryrra unetos sxoqut ckqa? ly, sosenen canonet. 0trpasneuue ua kr ua canonete. Kar netana, ato uesauo? |nu
sauo? / |a| 3e d,vaeme? o-noeny, sauo. F netena c yqoctsanu u s qopore rosuaronunace c coceqrou, nM snecte c ueu
otqMxanu. oton rpuMnu nM... uy rar e ato uasMsaetc... ryqa cua+ana rpuMsaeae? puMtue s KpMn. VM c coceqrou ssnu tarcu,
u ryqa e eqy? 8aMna... oqoqute, ue s Xocty. Xocta ato Kasras. ly, roton scronuk. puMtue u roryrra cauatopuou ruuru.
/ neu Mna cauatopua ruura. | t. q. -
0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as, o cavov |ce, noan,ucma. A san +to e coctasuna? po kr e? lem, 3e cocmaeeme nna+ |
pacc|as, o |ce, o eco |pacomax, docmonpuvevamene+ocm+x. Xopoao. F una y euauuM s o+eue nusron pacctouuu ot epera.
8arucanu? Vouo qaneae? utanace co scenu snecte, t. e. +etMpe pasa s qeue. A otqMxana ... lem, n. |- a-qa, suak. 8M
craete rnau qate, sot r ueny u uqy. ycte rutauue souqet tyqa. |a| e sanucame nepeeu n,+|m nna+a | pacc|as, o |ce? uaute
rutauue rposoqunoce +etMpe pasa s qeue... | t. q\ l. |., 3e don+e pacc|asame venoee|,, |omopeu +u|ocda +e en +a |ce,
|pacov+o, u+mepec+o npo |c. 3om nonemaumece c+avana cocmaeume nna+ | ma|ov, pacc|as,. 8Mnetes ua kr, Mna s
Cuneporone +epes rte +acos. 8 Cuneporone nue rosesno s ton cnMcne, +to nM snecte C euauuou u qeso+rou ssnu naauuy u
roexanu. mo 3e pacc|aseeaeme? nau r tene 0 kre.
8 atux cny+ax oneuou cosepaeuuo ue yqaetc uu coctasute rnau, uu paccrasate ooaeuuo o kre.
0tcytctsue opueutuposo+uou ocuosM qeuctsu, auanusa natepuana, rpeqctasneuuoro s suqe +utaenoro
oneuou tercta nuo s suqe suauuu us rpoanoro orMta, rpusoqut r uapyaeuuk artusuou, rnauonepuou u
ooaeuuou qeteneuoctu, rotopa roqneuetc y uee unrynecusuMn, uerocpeqctseuuMn socrpousseqeuuen
rourpetuMx arusoqos us usuu. 8 otnu+ue ot sMaeorucauuoro cny+a, y atou oneuou ronuoctek
otcytctsyet rputura r csoeny coctouuk u qeteneuoctu, oua qosoneua csoeu paotou, ue qenaet uurarux
rorMtor r ucrpasneuuk om6ok.
6oneaou uutepec c quaruoctu+ecrou to+ru speuu rpeqctasnkt oneuMe, y rotopMx oryxone nesou nouou
qonu ue ouapyusaet ua repsMu ssrnq uurarux rpusuaros uapyaeuu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, a rpu
ueuporcuxonoru+ecron ocneqosauuu u arcrepuneute ouapyusaktc te e qeertM uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneua /. (uct. onesuu N 38243), 39 net, uueuep-arouonuct, repeuecna orepauk ro rosoqy yqaneuu oneaou oryxonu
(apaxuouqauqetenuona) us nesou nouo-suco+uou onactu. 0ryxone pacronaranace s rnyuue nosrosoro seaectsa, uarpasnce s
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
nequaneuo-asaneuMe otqenM nosra.
pu tpaquuouuon ueuporcuxonoru+ecron uccneqosauuu oneua unrouuposana rar o+eue coxpauua. la oue oaeu
uutennertyaneuou coxpauuoctu, anououaneuou aqersatuoctu y uee otne+anuce nuae aneneutM ueqoctato+uoro ocosuauu tectu
saonesauu, rpusuaru uectouroctu suunauu, rposnkauec s tpyquoctu yqepauu cepuu cnos, s sactpesauuu ua pas rpuuton ux
ropqre. lesponoru+ecra cunrtonatura Mna tare o+eue cteptou u cryquou. la taron, rasanoce M, narorony+uon oue oneua s
creuaneuMx orMtax ro peaeuuk uutennertyaneuMx saqa+, s +actuoctu s paote c nutepatypuMn tercton, ouapyuna +etrue u
rpyMe qeertM .uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. puseqen sMrucru us rpotoronos arcrepuneuta.
6oneuou qaetc rpoctou ro coqepauuk u rosectsosateneuMu ro opne terct paccras A. 6ectpona PMyxa u sonr. '
oqxoquna oceue. uu ctauosunuce sce ropo+e, a uo+u qnuuuee u tenuee. oaaqeu ctanu qo ytpa saroute so qsop u rperro sarupate
sopota. lo oquaqM PMyxa c epeeuron octanace ua uo+e s rone. Xoqut oua ueqanero ot qona, a epeeuor sa ueu. A tou ropou
pMcran s rone, ronoquMu sonr. asuo ye ue yqasanoce eny uu+en rousutec, u ou aenran 'syanu ot ronoqa. 8qpyr cnMaut ou
toueueroe epe+ee pauue. 0ctauosunc sonr, rpucnyaanc, roukxan sosqyx u roean s ty ctopouy, rqe Mnu PMyxa c
epeeuron. 0ctopouo rpaqetc sonr. Eae rpMor, u ou cxsatut epeeura. lo sospen y+yna sonra PMyxa. otuyna sosqyx qa
rar sapet. Kuuync r ueu epeeuor co scex uor. A oua sacnouuna ero u oepuynace r sonry saqon. 8aean sonr c qpyrou ctopouM, a
PMyxa orte rosepuynace r ueny saqon qa rar nruet ero rosauMn rorMton! 8asMn sonr ot onu u yean s nec.
6oneua rpasuneuo usnouna coqepauue paccrasa, oquaro rnau r ueny coctasute ue cnorna, uecnotp ua nuoro+ucneuuMe rorMtru
arcrepuneutatopa uarpasute ee rnauupykayk qeteneuocte. 8necto auanusa tercta, sMqeneuu us uero cyaectseuuMx aneneutos u
coctasneuu rnaua ua ux ocuose oneua rpoqonana repecrasMsate terct.
0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as,. 8ua+ut, Mna oceue, scex noaaqeu sarounu so qsop u sarupanu sopota, a PMyxa c epeeuron
octanuce oquu... ua uo+e s rone. Tan pMcran sonr... | t. q.
6oneua ue cnorna coctasute rnau u r paccrasy . 8opourosou 8aneutuura. | s aton cny+ae artusua rpoqyrtusua paota,
cssauua c opueutuposrou s tercte, s ero cnMcnoson ctpoe, roqneunace raccusuou perpoqyrtusuou qeteneuoctek oua
rpoqonana uerocpeqctseuuoe socrpousseqeuue cketa.
n?
8aneutuura (otpMsor)
1pout Mn qanero ot cena le+aesa, uo ou roctereuuo rpunuanc. 8 use apeu Lanuxuuou sce Mnu qona: ctapMu qeq, cana
ape, ctapaa ee qo+e lpyaa, stopa Taucra u naneueruu cMu. 0te qeso+er u Ponaura Mn ua poute.
8 qsepe rto-to rocty+anc. Taucra otrpMna qsepe. 8oanu qse euauuM u naneuera qeso+ra net qestu. XeuauuM paccrasanu, +to
ouu eanu us ropoqa, rotopMu pasrpaunu u cornu aauctM. 0 qeso+re, rotopyk ssanu 8aneutuurou, ouu paccrasanu, +to aauctM
yunu ee ota u nate. Terepe oua rpyrna cupota.
0ocmaeeme nna+ | pacc|as,. onemaumece eedenume cnae+oe amo u ,dem 3aa nna+. 8ce Mnu qona ato repsMu asa...
(cnotput s ruury), u ctapMu qeq, u ape sce Mnu qona. Tar... (rpocnatpusaet terct paccrasa). aneae s qsepe rocty+anc rto-
to. let, ue to. 8 qsepe rto-to rocty+anc, u soanu qse euauuM. 0uu ctanu paccrasMsate, +to ouu eanu us ropoqa... mo 3av
+,+o cdename? Coctasute rnau. / 3e vmo denaeme? Coctasnk rnau, xot y neu ue rony+aetc. Tpyquo.
Auanoru+uMe qauuMe Mnu rony+euM rpu rorMtrax oneuou coctasute rnau r qpyrun rpeqnoeuuMn terctan.
Kpatro roqseqen utoru. Kar suquo us rpuseqeuuoro natepuana, y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra
s repsyk o+epeqe ctpaqaet opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte, auanus ucxoquoro natepuana,
+to rpusoqut r uapyaeuuk actparupykaeu u ooaakaeu yuruu. 8ce ato coctasnet ocuosy uapyaeuu
rnauupykaeu qeteneuoctu. 8 cny+ae ropaeuu sad+e-no-+ex omdenoe neeoco non,aapu+ s eutpe
cuuqpona uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu neat qeertM du+avu|u veane+u+. 3tu qeertM
rposnnuce s repcesepaux nMcnu u pe+esoro ee sMpaeuu, s qeertax repernk+euu c oquou nMcnu ua
qpyryk, c oquoro aneneuta pe+u ua qpyrou. 3to repsMu paquran, stopou ato qeertM auanusa u cuutesa
natepuana, actparuu u ooaeuu, sce atu orepauu saneaaktc rpoctMn usnoeuuen saqauuoro unu
ussne+euuoro us rantu natepuana. 3tu qeertM uqyt s cuuqpone oaeu uuartusuoctu, otcytctsu
rotpeuocteu, notusos qeteneuoctu, ueenauu rposoqute routponupykaue qeuctsu. oqouMe oneuMe
uepeqro rputu+uM r csoeny coctouuk, ocosuakt oauru, uo canoctoteneuo ue noryt uu ysuqete ux, uu
rpeoqonete, u ocosuauu&csoeu ecronoauoctu uocut opnaneuMu xapartep, otcytctsyet aqersatua
anououaneua pearu ua csou qeertM.
8 cny+ax ropaeuu veduoasane+ex omdenoe uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, pe+esoro
nManeuu uqyt s cuuqpone rpyoro uapyaeuu rputuru r csoeny coctouuk u r rourpetuou qeteneuoctu,
oneuMe uepeqro auopu+uM, secenM, qosoneuM coou. +to racaetc rpoterauu nMcnuteneuMx rpoeccos,
to sqece tare ouapyusaktc repsu+uMe uapyaeuu nManeuu, uecnotp ua coxpauuocte cpeqcts ero
sMronueuu, t. e. pe+u. 8c qeteneuocte s aton cny+ae unrynecusua, u oneuMe uepeqro repecrarusakt c
oquoro saqauu ua qpyroe, c oquou ueotpaotauuou +actu tercta r qpyrou u t. q. 8 otnu+ue ot oneuMx c
ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra, oneuMe atou rpyrrM c qoctato+uou nerroctek nornu
repecrasMsate terctM, sato coctasneuue rnaua un'u rpuqynMsauue paccrasa ua saqauuyk teny, tpeykaue
ronuou coxpauuoctu opueutuposo+uou ocuosM qeteneuoctu, rpoeccos sMqeneuu cyaectseuuoro us tercta
u otsne+euu
ot stopoctereuuoro, orasanoce ueqoctyruMn qn oneuMx orucMsaenou rpyrrM.
Co ctopouM rcuxonoruu pe+esoro nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca orasanoce uapyaeuuMn rouunauue cnMcnosou
ctopouM tercta rpu coxpauuoctu rouunauu ero co ctopouM sua+euuu otqeneuMx cnos, pas u s enon tercta,
ero anrupu+ecrou ctopouM. +toM coctasute rnau r tercty, ueoxoquno yneuue +neuute terct, rpeq-
ctasnkauu coou ueruu enoctuMu rouctpyrt, s rotopon vmo-mo rosoputc o vev-mo c ronoaek
ssaunocssauuMx cnMcnosMx +acteu. 3to sosnouo nuae s ton cny+ae, ecnu y oneuoro copnuposanc
enoctuMu opas toro, o vev (|ov) u vmo rosoputc s tercte, seqyauu r rouunauuk cnMcna. Ecnu atot opas
uapyaeu, to uesosnouo u +neueuue tercta ua cnMcnosMe +actu, u ten onee opnynuposauue ux. 3tot
oauu opas crnaqMsaetc ue tonero us sepaneuMx, uo u uesepaneuMx ronroueutos. /ctauosneuue cnMcna
pasM, tercta sasucut ot orucMsaenou s uux qeuctsuteneuoctu, ot artu+ecrux suauuu cyerta, ot ero
couaneuoro orMta u noru+ecrux crocouocteu, u sce atu artopM ue cssauM uarpnyk c sMron, ouu
snktc coctasnkaeu nManeuu u pe+u oquospeneuuo.
3tot ooaeuuMu (enocm+eu opas, coctasnkauu coqepauue nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, uapyaaetc rpu
ropaeuuu nouMx sou nosra, +to seqet r uapyaeuuk sM+neueuu u rouunauu enoctuoro cnMcna tercta u
cnMcna coctasnkaux ero +acteu, a ato, s csok o+epeqe, seqet r uesosnouoctu sMsectu us qauuMx oneuMn
terctos cootsetctsykaux un cyqeuuu. Kar rucan |. V. Ce+euos, scryk nMcne, raroro M ropqra oua uu
Mna, nouo paccnatpusate rar coroctasneuue nMcnunMx oertos qpyr c qpyron s raron-nuo otuoaeuuu.
|neuuo atu orepauu auanusa u cuutesa, coroctasneuu u sM+neueuu uapyaaktc y oneuMx c nouMn
cuuqponon. +to racaetc ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, to sqece orasanuce uapyaeuuMnu sseuo
opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu, a tare rnauuposauue u routpone, uapyaeuM u orepauu
uutennertyaneuoro arta auanus u cuutes, actparu u ooaeuue.
lapyaeuue notusauouuou cepM, cosuauu, eneuarpasneuuoctu s rpoterauuu qeteneuoctu, rpyMe
qeertM sM+neueuu cyaectseuuoro u otsne+euu ot uecyaectseuuMx aneneutos, otcytctsue rotpeuoctu s
qeuctsux, routpone sce atu uapyaeuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu
nosra rpoterakt ua oue coxpauuoro^-rouunauu pe+u co ctopouM sua+euuu cnos, uo ue ux cnMcna. ouuna
terct rosepxuoctuo, oneuMe ue crocouM rpouuruyte s ero rnyuuy u sMutu sa rpeqenM canoro tercta, r ero
cssn c orpyakaeu usuek. |s nuursucturu ussectuo, +to ...nuorue cyryo sMrosMe orepauu uaq
tercton uesMronuunM es noru+ecrou {ue sMrosou) opaotru cootsetctsykaero coqepauu'.
'Vene+yr |. A. 0rMt teopuu nuursuctu+ecrux noqeneu. CnMcn-terct.V.. 1974,C. 22.
0ns nporpauuposauuoro o6yueu pa6oe c ekcou 6onsusx c nopaeueu no6usx qone uoira
orMtru rpeoqonete qeertM c ronoaek yctuMx uuctpyruu u yctuou pe+esou perynuu qeteneuoctu
oneuMx rpu sMronueuuu saqauu ue rpusenu r enaenMn pesynetatan. n toro +toM qocturuyte ycrexa,
Mna coctasneua creuaneua rporpanna, coqepauue rotopou otse+ano ctpyrtype uapyaeuu rnauupykaeu
qeteneuoctu y paccnatpusaenou rpyrrM oneuMx. 8 rporpanne Mnu sMqeneuM roctpaqasaue sseue
uccneqyenou qeteneuoctu u rpeqe scero opueutuposo+ua ocuosa qeuctsu u routpone, snecte c ten
oua qonua Mna oecre+ute u roctereuuoe passeptMsauue uutennertyaneuoro rpoecca.
porpanna rpeqsnnace oneuMn s ruceneuuou opne u unena cneqykaee coqepauue.
1. po+utaute terct.
2. Pasqenute ero ua cnMcnosMe +actu.
3. 8Mqenute repsyk cnMcnosyk +acte.
4. posepete, rpasuneuo nu 8M sMqenunu repsyk cnMcnosyk +acte.
5. puqynaute r ueu saronosor.
6. posepete, rpasuneuo nu 8M 'lassanu repsyk +acte.
7. posepete, rpasuneuo nu 8M sMqenunu stopyk cnMcnosyk +acte, u .t. q.
8arau+usaetc rporpanna tpeosauuen usnoute eece nna+ (enu|ov.
epsMe qsa ryurta raqou +actu rporpannM uarpasnkt u perynupykt rpoecc opueutuposru oneuoro s
tercte, cosqakt ocuosy qn auanutu+ecroro roqxoqa r ueny. ocneqykaue +etMpe ryurta (3, 4, 5, 6) unekt
enek' uarpasute oneuoro coctseuuo ua qeuctsu ro coctasneuuk rnaua (ucronuutenecra +acte
rporpannM; oua e urcupyet suunauue oneuoro ua ueoxoqunoctu rposepru (routpon) sMronueuu
qeuctsuu), seqyt ero r cnu+euuk cnMcnosoro coqepauu sMqeneuuou +actu c ocuosuou VMcnek, sMpaeuuou
s saronosre u sMqeneuuou oneuMn.
8Mronueuue tpeosauuu, usnoeuuMx s raqon ryurte, qonuo Mno oecre+ute rocneqosateneuoe
passeptMsauue uutennertyaneuoro rpoecca (auanus tercta, ucronuutenecrue orepauu, routpone). 0rMt
oy+euu oneuMx c ropaeuuen sad+e-no+ex omdenoe vosca rorasan, +to rporpanna cootsetctsosana
saqauuMn enn oneuMe, paota c ueu, ycreauo coctasnnu rnau r tercty.
puseqen rpunep.
Kar Mno rorasauo sMae, oneuou 6. ue crpasunc c saqauuen, s rotopon tpeosanoce coctasute rnau r paccrasy l; Crpeuroro u 8.
+arnuuou ocnotpu s oruo. ocne oy+euu oneuoro paote c rporpannou ou, orupace ua uee, rponro +uta raqMu ryurt u
rocneqosateneuo sMronu tpeosauu, usnoeuuMe s rporpanne, canoctoteneuo coctasun r qauuony tercty cneqykauu rnau:
I) ornqu s oruo... uet... suq us orua. 2) 8unuee ytpo. 3) oseqeuue rtu so qsope sunou (o sopoex, ranrax, sopouax).
Tare nerro rpeoqonesanuce qeertM s qeteneuoctu c nutepatypuMn tercton y oneuou /. c saque-nouMn cuuqponon. 0ua Mctpo
ycsouna saqauuMu rporpannou croco qeuctsu, otuocuteneuo nerro c ee ronoaek crpasnnace c saqauuen. po+utas paccras
8aneutuura u repeqas ero coqepauue, oneua rorasana ronuyk uecrocouocte canoctoteneuo auanusuposate cnMcnosoe
ctpoeuue tercta. Paota c rporpannou ronorna yctpauute tpyquoctu. puseqen rpotoron, unnkctpupykauu paoty oneuou c
rporpannou.
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Tar, rpo+utana paccras. +to terepe? (Cnotput s rporpanny.) Ara, pasute ua +actu... ato tpyquo. Tar, tyt yqet tpu asaa, tpu
+actu. 8ot saronosor: 1) 0te Mn ua poute, unu 0te qeteu Mn ua poute. Tar, rposepute... a +to s atou +actu rosoputc, +to
cene sc Mna s cope, a ote Mn ua poute. Lna souua. 8ce rpasuneuo cqenana. 2) 8topou saronosor Cupota unu nouo 0
qeso+re us ropoqa cupota. anee, paota c rporpannou, oneua sarou+una rnau. 3.) opa nate. 4) Peaeuue... 8ce.
VM orucanu pesynetatM, rony+euuMe rpu uccneqosauuu oneuMx c ropaeuuen sad+e-no+ex omdenoe vosca
u c cunrtonanu aquuanuu pe+esoro nManeuu. 0quaro orasanoce, +to ata rporpanna ronorana yctpaute
qeertM s paote c tercton ue scen oneuMn c nouMn cuuqponon, a rpeunyaectseuuo oneuMn c
sMpaeuuMnu uapyaeuunu artusuMx opn qeteneuoctu, c cuuqponon acroutau-uoctu, repcesepauu s
qeuctsux, c sMpaeuuMn rpeonaqauuen topnosuMx rpoeccos u c qoctato+uo coxpauuou nu+uoctek,
rputurou.
Xopoaue pesynetatM Mnu rony+euM u s paote c oneuMnu c veduoasane+ev nouMn cuuqponon. 0quaro
repsMe rorMtru paotate c oneuMnu ro tou e rporpanne, rotopyk nM paspaotanu qn oneuMx c saque-
nouMn cuuqponon,-ue qanu ronouteneuMx pesynetatos. leoxoquno Mno coctasute taryk rporpanny qn
atou rpyrrM oneuMx, rotopa y+utMsana M nexauusn uapyaeuu paotM c tercton, rotopMu, rar nM suqenu
sMae, otnu+aetc ot nexauusna uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuuu saque-nouMx
otqenos nosra. porpanna qonua rpeqycnotpete rpeqe scero tarue netoqM u rpuenM, rotopMe, so-repsMx,
topnosunu M unrynecusuMe qeuctsu oneuMx, so-stopMx, rossonunu M croueutpuposate ux suunauue ua
rocneqosateneuon socrpousseqeuuu rpeqnoeuuMx s rporpanne orepauu u qeuctsuu, sMronueuue rotopMx,
s-tpeteux, crococtsosano M artusuou opueutuposo+uou* qeteneuoctu oneuMx. 0repauu s rporpanne
qonuM rpeqycnatpusate u canoroutpone sa coctseuuMnu qeuctsunu. Tara rporpanna Mna uanu
paspaotaua u s rpoecce oy+euu oneuMx croppertuposaua, aneueuaee rpuneueuue atou rporpannM
seno oneuMx r ycreauony rouunauuk pasuoopasuMx terctos u coctasneuuk r uun rnauos.
0rou+ateneua rporpanna coctona us tpex +acteu. I +acte rpeqycnatpusana opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecryk qeteneuocte c tercton u paoty uaq tercton ro +actn. II +acte coctona us orepauu,
sMronueuue rotopMx seno r canoctoteneuou pasusre tercta ua cnMcnosMe +actu u sMqeneuuk rnasuoro
cnMcna ra-
qou +actu. 3ta paota senace uaq enoctuMn tercton. III +acte rpeqycnatpusana orepauu, sMronueuue
rotopMx seno ye r canoctoteneuony coctasneuuk rnaua.
I +acte rporpannM sMronunace c rpuneueuuen netoqa +teuu tercta c panrou, rotopMu rossonn
satopnosute unrynecusuMe qeuctsu, urcuposan suunauue oneuMx ua otqeneuMx +actx tercta, a tare
crococtsosan roorepauouuony crocoy qeuctsu. Panry ro tercty cua+ana repeqsuran reqaror, a s paote
c rocneqykaunu terctanu oneuou, uo roq routponen reqarora. Panra repeqsuranace ro tercty,
scruu.pas otrpMsa nuae oquy ero +acte. II +acte rporpannM sMronunace es panru.
porpauua pa6os c ekcou
(nequoasaneuMu nouMu cuuqpon)
I +acte

1. po+utaute vedne++o u c eepae+uev terct,
koops 8M suqute s panre. 2. Craute |opom|o,
o +en rosoputc sqece. 3. pud,vaume
saronosor r so +actu. 4. 8aruaute ero. 5.
poeepeme, rpasuneuo nu 8M sMronuunu saqauue.
n atoro eae pas: a) npovumaume terct, )
conocmaeeme ero c saronosron, s) craute,
rpasuneuMu unu uerpasuneuMu saronosor.
0pueutuposo+uo-uc-
cneqosatenecra
qeteneuocte
Koutpone
ocne sMronueuu ^tux orepauu panr
cneqykayk +acte tercta.
a repeqsuraetc ua
6. povumaume cneqykayk +acte tercta. 7.
0|aume |opom|o, o +en sqece rosoputc. 8.
pud,vaume u craute saronosor r atou +actu
tercta. 9. lanuaume ero. 10. poeepeme csou
qeuctsu.
(| tar qo roua tercta.)
|cronuutenecrue
orepauu
II +acte
. povumaume sce saronosru, rotopMe 8M
uarucanu. 12. Pacc|aume ro saronosry l-k
+acte tercta (2-k, 3-k u t. q.). 13. Pasdenume terct
ua +actu cootsetctseuuo saronosran.
Croco coctasneuu
rnaua
14. poeepeme csou qeuctsu: rpo+utaute raqyk +acte u csepete ee c saronosron.
15. ncnpaeeme oau|u.
III +acte
16. povumaume cuosa, uo ronuoctek mekcm. Coctasneuue rnaua
17. povumaume sce saconoe|u.
18. Coctasete nna+ r tercty.
19. epec|aume terct ctporo ro rnauy.
puseqen rpunep aertusuoctu paotM c tercton ro atou rporpanne.
6oneua 6. (uct. onesuu N 35070; qauuMe uctopuu onesuu cn. sMae). 6oneuou qaetc paccras . l. Tonctoro Kocto+ra (cn. sMae)
u rporpanna paotM c tercton. 6oneua +utaet 1-u ryurt'rporpannM u sMronuet ero. 8 panre cneqykauu terct: Kyruna nate cnus u
xotena ux qate qetn rocne oeqa. 8Mronu 2-u ryurt rporpannM, oneua paccrasana: Vate cnusM ryruna... qetn, uo xotena ux
qate rocne oeqa, a ouu... 0mon! Ax, qa. umaume 3-u n,+s npocpavve. 6oneua rpo+utana u cpasy e crasana: oryrra cnus.
Cneqykauu, 5-u ryurt rporpannM oua sMronuuna rpasuneuo u Mctpo. 8ce rpasuneuo cqenana. | cana repeqsuuyna panry,
octauosus ee y otnetru. 6oneua cnotput s rporpanny, +utaet 6-u ryurt u saten neqneuuo +utaet +acte tercta s panre: CnusM
neanu ua tapenre. 8au uurorqa ue en cnus u sce ukxan ux. | o+eue ouu eny upasunuce. (6oneua: F toe nknk cnusM.
3rcrepuneutatop: 0no|ou+o, paomaume daneae.) 0+eue xotenoce cecte." 0u sce xoqun nuno cnus. Korqa uuroro ue Mno s ronuate,
ou ue yqepanc, cxsatun oquy cnusy u cen. 6oneua +utaet 7-u ryurt u rosoput: ly, o +en rosoputc? 8au uurorqa ue en cnus, ato
so-repsMx, u eny xotenoce cecte, uo Mno sarpeaeuo. A ou sce-taru cen oquy cnusy, uy peeuor e, canu rouunaete, uo sce-taru-
ato uexopoao. Tar, a qaneae +to? (suraet panry.) umaume npocpavv,. Ax, qa! (+utaet.) puqynate saronosor. Tar, 8au nkun
cnusM. let. ue tar. 8oposctso 8auu.
aneae oneua crorouuo paotana c rporpannou u coctasuna cneqykaue saronosru: 1) oryrra cnus. 2) 8oposctso 8auu. 3) oe
8auu. 4) Paccras ota. 5) pusuauue 8auu. 0rupace ua atu saronosru; oneua coctasuna cneqykauu rnau r paccrasy. 6oneua: 3tu
saronosru noryt Mte rnauon. lo ato o+eue y qnuuuo. Voet Mte, tar: 8oposctso 8auu. oe 8auu. pusuauue 8auu.
VatepuanM orMta rorasanu, +to rporpanna sosqeuctsosana ronouteneuo ue tonero ua uutennertyaneuyk qeteneuocte oneuou,
uo u ua sce ee roseqeuue: oua ctana cocpeqoto+euuou, onee suuaensuo, otcytctsosanu ueaqersatuMe anououaneuMe pearuu
oneuou ro xoqy +teuu .tercta. o nepe paotM c rporpannou y uee sspa6oanc uasMr, u oua ue scerqa sarnqMsana s terct
rporpannM, a sMronuna ee ro rantu. Kpone toro, uerotopMe ryurtM rporpannM oua cosuateneuo oequuuna, a uerotopMe
rporycrana, ot+ero qeteneuocte ee c tercton ue usneunace, Mna rpasuneuou, a gpdStffC corpatunc. 8MryaeuM Mnu ee
cneqykaue ryurtM 2, 7 (oua repexoquna cpasy r opnuposauuk saronosra), 17, 18 (oua cpasy rpasuneuo coctasnna rnau r tercty).
6oneua oequuna ryurtM I, 3, 4 u 6, 7, 9 u cpasy es qoronuuteneuoro opaaeuu r rporpanne sMronuna ux. 8aten oua ctana
orycrate tarue ryurtM, rar 5 (rpocto rouctatupy rpasuneuo sce cqenana), It, 12, 17, 18, u rpuctyrana cpasy r pasqeneuuk
tercta ua cnMcnosMe +actu u coctasneuuk rnaua.
pyrue oneuMe c veduoasane+ev cu+dpovov tare ycreauo paotanu c rporpannou. Pasuua Mna nuae s
cropoctu ycsoeuu rporpannM u s ctereuu ee corpaaeuu.
8ua+uteneuo onee rpyMe uapyaeuu uankqanuce y oneuMx, y rotopMx naccusua oryxone saxsatMsana u
neped+ue omdene. no+ex doneu vosca, sMsMsa o+eue rpyyk raptuuy oaeu aquuanuu u acroutauuoctu. /
atux oneuMx orucauuMe uanu uapyaeuu sMctyrakt ocoeuuo rpyo, u rorMtru ronreucuposate qeertM
rpu ronoau rporpannuposauu roseqeuu ue rpusoqt r ronouteneuMn pesynetatan. VM octauosunc
nuae ua oquon rpunepe.
6oneuou /. (uct. onesuu N 35673), 30 net, qupertop aptenu, srepsMe roctyrun s leupoxupypru+ecruu uuctutyt (uct. onesuu N
29302) c anoanu ua rpuctyrM, ua+uuakauec c oaeu cnaoctu, ua ronosuMe onu, corposoqakauec psotou, ua cuueuue
speuu. 8a 4 roqa oneuou repeuec uecronero orepauu ronosuoro nosra, s pesynetate rotopMx y uero cua+ana Mna yqaneua oryxone
us rpasou nouou qonu, pacronarasaac s asaneuo-nequaneuMx otqenax; rocne atoro y uero Mna rostopua orepau ro rosoqy
yqaneuu oryxonu, sauunasaeu sck rpasyk nouyk qonk. ose y uero cuosa Mna yqaneua suose opasosasaac oryxone, rotopa
pacronaranace ro uuueny rpak anerca u cuusy repequeu +eperuou nru. 0ryxone pacrpoctpaunace ua nesoe ronyaapue. 8 ton e
roqy Mna rpousseqeua eae oqua orepau, so spen rotopou Mna yqaneua oryxone, pacronarasaac s cpequux otqenax nesoro
ronyaapu (actpouto-na). 8 te+euue scero atoro repuoqa y oneuoro cneuunuce qsa sapuauta uankqasaeroc cuuqpona.
8 repsMu repuoq y oneuoro Mnu cua+ana rpyMe aertusuMe uapyaeuu, pesra uectourocte suunauu, pactopnoeuuocte s
roseqeuuu, auopu, uerputu+uocte. |utennertyaneuMe orepauu opnaneuo Mnu coxpauuM. |nenace teuqeuu r ctepeoturuMn
aanouuMn pearun. 0paaana ua ce suunauue pesra uuartusuocte, acroutauuocte u esMuuuatusuocte.
8o stopou repuoq, rorqa Mno rposeqeuo uaae uccneqosauue, y oneuoro rosunuce rpyMe usneueuu nu+uoctu, cuuqpon aquuanuu,
acroutauuoctu, uapyaeuu artusuMx opn qeteneuoctu, r rotopMn rpucoequuunuce u rpyMe uapyaeuu ctpyrtypM
uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos (sMpaeuua uectourocte cucten csseu, ecroutponeuoe rosneuue roo+uMx csseu). 8 atot repuoq
oneuou nor repecrasate rpoctou rosectsosateneuMu terct, oquaro octasanc ue s coctouuu coctasute ero rnau, qae ecnu eny
rpeqnaranace rporpanna, coctasneuua ro orucauuony sMae rpuuury.
6oneuony +utaetc paccras . Tonctoro Kocto+ra. 0u repecrasMsaet ero terctyaneuo. Vate ryruna r oeqy cnus u xotena ux qate
rocne oeqa. CnusM oua ronouna ua tapenry. 8au uurorqa ue en cnus, u eny o+eue xotenoce cecte... yrpacte cnusy. QH sce xoqun
nuno uux u onusMsanc. A rorqa uuroro ue Mno, ou cxsatun oquy cnusy u cen ee. A repeq oeqon nate coc+utana cnusM u ysuqena,
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+to rto-to yrpan cnusy. 0te ctan pasrosapusate c qetenu... 0u crpocun ux, ue cen nu rto us uux cnusy... lo sce crasanu: let! |
t.q.
epeqas coqepauue paccrasa terctyaneuo, oneuou, oquaro, ue noet repeqate ero s rpatron suqe u ten onee ue noet coctasute
rnau paccrasa.
/ menepe pacc|aume |opom|o. Kar ato ropotro? Pacc|aume cavoe cnae+oe, vev m,m coeopumc+. Tyt rosoputc, rar nate
ryruna cnus u xotena qate ux rocne oeqa. A 8au uurorqa ue en cnus. 0u sce xoqun sorpyr uux, u eny xotenoce yrpacte oquy cnusy u
cecte. | qaneae oneuou rpoqonaet roqpouo, co scenu qetannu repecrasMsate paccras.
3e on+me pacc|asanu nodpo+o. Pacc|aume |opom|o. Kar nue paccrasate ropotro, rorqa sce suak? / 3e pacc|aume cnae+oe, a
+ecnae+ee demanu ompoceme. (nuteneua raysa.) let, sece paccras suak, a ropotro ue suak. | cuosa roqpouo repecrasMsaet
coqepauue paccrasa.
onemaumece cocmaeume nna+ | pacc|as,. D vev c+avana coeopumc+, o vev nomov. ev |o+vaemc+ pacc|as. 3edenume cnae+ee
vecnu. 8qece sce nMcnu ocuos-
uMe... nau... Vate ryruna cnus u xotena ux qate rocne oeqa... A 8au uurorqa ue en cnus, u eny saxotenoce yrpacte. 0u yrpan u
cen. (| qaneae cneqyet qetaneuMu repecras.)
Torqa oneuony Mna rpeqnoeua rporpanna, orucauua sMae. 0u, +uta raqMu ryurt, rpeqrpuuunan rorMtru sMronuute
tpeykaeec ot uero qeuctsue. Tar. po+utan. Terepe pasqenun ua cnMcnosMe +actu. oanyucta. (0tne+aet rapauqaaon
asaM.) onpo,ume no-dp,cov, pasume me|cm +a vacmu, +e opa(a+ e+uva+ue +a asa(e. 8qece ro-qpyrony uenes. 8Mqenute
repsyk cnMcnosyk +acte... sot oua. 0ua crasana oty sqece roue... pud,vaume | +eu saconoeo|. Tar. Vate ryruna cnusM... A
qaneae 8au conasuetc u rpaqet cnusy. Ceqaet ee. Vate coc+utana cnusM u suqut oquou ue xsataet... (0rte cocranesMsaet
ua repecras.)
aneueuaa paota c rporpannou ue rpusena r uyuony aerty. D+a s uerotopou .ctereuu uarpasnna paoty oneuoro, cosqasana
ycnosu, rotopMe c ueoxoqunoctek uatanrusanu oneuoro ua opueutuposry s tercte u ua routpone sa csounu qeuctsunu, uo
qauuony oneuony atoro Mno ueqoctato+uo qn ronreucauu qeerta rnauupykaeu qeteneuoctu. 0u ue nor canoctoteneuo
sMqenute rnasuyk nMcne raqou +actu, a cneqosateneuo, rpasuneuo pasqenute terct ua +actu ro cnMcny u ua atou ocuose coctasute
rnau.
Ecnu repecras rosectsosateneuoro tercta Mn qoctyreu oneuony u tpyquoctu sMctyranu nuae rpu ero corpaaeuuou repeqa+e unu
rpu rorMtre coctasute rnau atoro tercta, to scrue rorMtru repeqate coqepauue orucateneuoro tercta u ten onee cosqate rnau ero
repeqa+u ue rpusoqunu r uyuony aerty. 6oneuony qaetc paccras, qetaneuo orucMsakauu usue nesos, ctpoeuue ux tena, ux
rpusM+ru u t. q., u rpeqnaraetc repecrasate ero u coctasute rnau. 6oneuou Mctpo rpo+utan terct, rocne +ero ou qonro ue rpuctyran
r rarou-nuo qeteneuoctu. otpeosanoce qoronuuteneuoe ctunynuposauue ero r paote.
Pacc|aseeaume. 3e sanov+unu pacc|as? 8aronuun. / novev, 3e vonvume, +e nepec|aseeaeme? le suak. onemaumece
pacc|asame. (nuteneua raysa.) 3e ece nov+ume? a. Pacc|aseeaume. ly, +to paccrasMsate. es, rar tan crasauo... ato
ctpaauMu, canMu ctpaauMu xuauur, ssepe (cnotput ua qsepe u rosoput: l. C. uqet, ceu+ac ckqa sauqet... let, rpoana nuno, a rto
ato tan roaen? u t. q.). Pacc|aseeaume daneae, +e omene|aumece. A ye sce paccrasan nes canMu xuauMu ssepe. 8ce.
(Cneetc.) / vmo mav e(e npo +eco pacc|aseeaemc+? 3cnov+ume. +to nory rpo ap ssepeu paccrasate? F naneueruu +enoser.
Voete sarucate tar, +to neu uasua+unu apen ssepeu. le omene|aumece. ocmapaumece cocpedomovumec+ u pacc|aseeaume
daneae. ly, qaneae... nes canMu xuauMu u cuneuMu ssepe... (aysa.) Voem eme, 3e saenu, o ve/ +anuca+o e pacc|ase? let,
ronuk. l, mocda pacc|aseeaume. Ceu+ac... (0rte qnuteneua raysa.)
ocne nuororpatuMx roqouMx rorMtor sMssate y oneuoro repecras rpo+utauuoro paccrasa eny Mn rpeqnoeu pq rourpetuMx
sorpocos ro coqepauuk paccrasa, ua rotopMe oneuou otsetun c oneaou to+uoctek. Cneqosateneuo, oneuou xopoao saronuun
coqepauue paccrasa, uo us-sa uapyaeuu crocouoctu artusuou paotM c tercton ro rnauuposauuk oneuou ue cnor repecrasate
terct.
06cyqeue uaepana
Auanus natepuana rorasan, +to oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx otqenos nosra s qeteneuoctu c
nutepatypuMn tercton ouapyusakt rpyMe qeertM, rotopMe rposnktc ye rpu rpocton
repecrasMsauuu tercta. 0rucateneuMe terctM, srnk+akaue uecronero cnMcnosMx sseuees, atu oneuMe
uepeqro repecrasMsakt parneutapuo, usnara otqeneuMe artM, +acto ue cssauuMe qpyr c qpyron; uuorqa
ouu srnk+akt s repecras roo+uMe accouauu, sosuuraue y uux s rpoecce +teuu tercta. Csou-
ctseuuMe un uapyaeuu rposnktc u rpu +teuuu onee rpoctMx rosectsosateneuMx terctos,
repecrasM rotopMx nusru r tercty es uanera ooaeuuoro socrputu u rouunauu tercta.
8ce ato csuqetenectsyet o ton, +to y atux oneuMx otcytctsyet creuaneua qeteneuocte ro auanusy
cnMcnosou ctpyrtypM tercta u cuutesuposauuoe ooaeuuoe ero socrputue u rouunauue. 6oneuMe, rar
rpasuno, s repecrase repeqakt nuae rocneqosateneuocte coMtuu; atot art ocoeuuo +etro sMctyraet,
rorqa oneuMn qaetc saqauue cua+ana coctasute rnau rpo+utauuoro tercta, a saten repecrasate ero.
0quaro rocronery nouMe qonu ue snktc oquopoquou ctpyrtypou, to u uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu rpoterakt ro-pasuony s sasucunoctu ot nexauusnos qeerta, ero ctpyrtypM, ot toruru
ropaeuu suytpu nouMx otqenos. 8 oquou us pauuux uaaux nouorpauu nM srepsMe orucanu sapuautM
nouoro cuuqpona
1
. lactoaa paota roqtsepquna uanu+ue atux sapuautos. o cuuqpony, nexauusnan,
ctpyrtype u rnuuu+ecrou raptuue rpoterauu qeerta uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu oneuMe tar e, rar u
s rpeuux uaaux paotax, pasqenunuce ua 3 rpyrrM: ropaeuu saque-nouMx, nequoasneuMx otqenos u
ronkca nouou qonu c sosne+euuen rpasou nouou qonu.
|utennertyaneua qeteneuocte scruu pas uapyaaetc ro-pasuony s sasucunoctu ot tex artopos, rotopMe
neat s ocuose atux tpex nouMx cuuqponos. Tar, ouapyunoce, +to rpu ropaeuuu sad+e-no+ex omdenoe
nosra eutpaneuMn nexauusnon, neaaun s ocuose uapyaeuu oaero u uutennertyaneuoro roseqeuu, a
tare pe+esoro nManeuu, snetc uapyaeuue a|mue+ocmu oaeu, qsurateneuou u rcuxonoru+ecrou,
u+epm+ocme rpoterauu rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, uapyaeuue u+u(uamuee. 0quaro canooeura u routpone sa
csounu qeuctsunu, rputu+uocte octanuce es suqunMx uapyaeuuu.
/ rpyrrM oneuMx c ropaeuuen veduoasane+ex omdenoe s ocuose qeertos neut uvn,necue+ocme s
oaen roseqeuuu u s rpoterauuu pe+esoro nManeuu. 3to seqet u r uapyaeuuk rputuru, routpon sa csounu
qeuctsunu.
/ rpyrrM* oneuMx c oaup+evu nopae+u+vu nonsca no+ou donu c saxsatMsauuen u rpasoro ronyaapu
sce suqM roseqeuu u nMcnuteneuMe rpoeccM uapyaeuM o+eue rpyo u ue roqqaktc ronreucauu ryten
uarpasneuuou creuaneuou ronoau. 8 ocuose atoro cuuqpona neat rpyMe dee|me nuv+ocmu,
avo(uo+ane+o-eoneeou cepe u cepM nompe+ocmeu u vomueoe. 8ce ato seqet r rpyeuaeny uapyaeuuk
(ene+anpaene++ou de+mene+ocmu, rouunauu saqauu u saqa+u.
8auMn snetc tot art, +to.qeertM rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten rpoterakt ua oue rar yqto M
coxpauuoro rouunauu sua-
Cn.: y p u A. P., s e t r o s a . C. leuporcuxonoru+ecruu auanus peaeuu saqa+.V., 1966.
+euu cnos u pas, sua+euuu cnouMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, s enon artonoru+ecrou
ctopouM cketa tercta. 8ce ato rosoput o ton, +to cana pe+e rar cpeqctso pe+esoro nManeuu rpu
ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu rar M octaetc coxpauuou, uo auanus rorasMsaet, +to ato qanero ue tar: u
sua+euu cnos, u orepauu c noruro-rpannatu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu rpetepresakt y uux rnyorue usneueuu
s rpoecce nkou rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu.
Kar e u ro+eny uapyaaetc uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra? n atou
enu nM suose opatunc r rpatrony orucauuk ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u rapanneneuo
yqen auanusuposate coctouue raqoro ctpyrtypuoro sseua y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten s
rpoecce peaeuu nMcnuteneuou saqa+u.
Xopoao ussectuo, +to ...uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte ua+uuaetc tan, rqe ene ue noet Mte qocturuyta
c ronoaek rotosMx cpeqcts u rqe sosuuraet orpeqeneuua saqa+a
1
. laau orMtM rorasanu, +to y oneuMx c
nouMn cuuqponon rpu sMronueuuu saqauu uurorqa ue sosuuran sorpoc, ua peaeuue rotoporo u qonuM
Mte uarpasneuM ycunu. Paoty c tercton oneuMe ua+uuanu c rpoctoro +teuu, ue ctas repeq coou
saqa+u ero rouunauu u onee rnyororo rpouuruoseuu s cnMcn. VMcnuteneuyk saqa+y ouu saneaanu
rosepxuoctuMn +teuuen, rpoeccon socrputu tercta. pu +teuuu y oneuMx otcytctsosanu uccneqosatene-
crue qeuctsu u qeuctsu (orepauu), rpeopasykaue terct. 8cronuun, rar artusuo paotanu uaq tercton
oneuMe c ropaeuuen eueuuo-iasnouusx otqenos nosra,' auporo ucronesy uccneqosatenecrue
qeuctsu u orepauu c enek onee rnyororo ero rouunauu. Cneqosateneuo, ye cana opna roseqeuu s
cutyauu peaeuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+ csuqetenectsyet o ton, +to rpu ropaeuuu nouMx otqenos nosra
nMcnuteneua qeteneuocte es qoronuuteneuou ctunynuu co ctopouM ue ua+uuaetc.
|utennertyaneuMu art pacraqaetc ua pq ataros. 0u ua+uuaetc c auanusa ycnosuu saqa+u:
opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte rpusoqut r sMqeneuuk cyaectseuuMx aneneutos ycnosu
u otsne+euuk ot uecyaectseuuMx. la aton atare y cyerta cosqaetc, opnupyetc ryten passepuytMx
qeuctsuu opueutuposo+ua ocuosa qeuctsu, ro . F. lanerepuuy. la atare opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu opnupyktc rurotesM, rotopMe u rpuqakt sceny qaneueuaeny poeccy
uarpasneuuMu u usupateneuMu xapartep. 8qece rpoucxoqut sMop cucten csseu, cootsetctsykaux
rurotese, rposepra atux csseu, a rpu ueoxoqunoctu cneua rurotesM u sMop uosMx csseu, otpacM-
sauue roo+uMx csseu u t. q. 8ece atot rpoecc roucra rurotes
' y p u A. P. 8Mcaue roprosMe yuruu +enosera.V., 1969.
C. 286.
u ux peanusauu corposoqaetc roctouuMn cnu+euuen (routponen) sosuurakaux peaeuuu c ucxoquMnu
qauuMnu.
opaeuue nouMx qoneu nosra seqet r uapyaeuuk cnouoro rpoecca uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu,
sceu ero ctpyrtypM, u rpeqe scero ero opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecroro ronroueuta, nuo qae r
ronuony ero sMraqeuuk us ctpyrtypM. 0tqeneuMe aneneutM u +actu tercta oneuMnu ue coroctasnktc
qpyr c qpyron, a roatony u ue opnupyktc rurotesM o cnMcne tercta unu otqeneuMx cnMcnosMx ysnax u ux
ssaunocssu. 8osuurakaue roo+uMe cssu ypasuusaktc c ocuosuMnu, cyaectseuuMnu. 8ce atu qeertM
sosuurakt us-sa uapyaeuu rpoeccos usupateneuoctu u cenertusuoctu s rpoterauuu sepaneuo-
noru+ecroro nManeuu. 0tuocuteneuo coxpauuMe pe+esMe cpeqctsa ucronesyktc oneuMnu nuae
rosepxuoctuo, ouu ue rpuerakt r ooaeuuMn sua+euun cnos, pas, a auanusupykt nuae rourpetuMe cssu
u +aae scero nuae rpeqnetuyk otueceuuocte cnos.
8Mae nM rucanu, +to nMcne snetc cunynetauuMn opasosauuen s otnu+ue ot cyreccusuo roctpoeuuou
pe+u. Vouo rpeqronoute, +to cuv,nema++ocme vecnu u +ap,aaemc+ npu nopae+uu no+ex doneu vosca.
3tot tesuc roqtsepqaetc uaaunu orMtanu, s rotopMx oneuou qoneu Mn coctasute rnau r nkony ero
coctseuuony tercty, sMcrasMsauuk, sstony us usuu. | ecnu oneuMe c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
otqenos nosra cpasy e coctasnnu rnau, t. e. repectpyrtypuposanu cunynetauuyk oayk nMcne cua+ana ua
yposue suytpeuueu pe+u s pe+esou rnau, saten so suytpeuuue sua+euu cnos, a roton ye rMtanuce roqpouo
passepuyte nMcne s pe+u, ucronesy rpu aton qoctyruMe un cpeqctsa pe+esoro sMpaeuu nMcnu, to
oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra ouapyusanu ronuyk uecrocouocte r passeptMsauuk
cunynetauuou nMcnu s cyreccusuou pe+u s opne rnaua. 0uu cpasy e ua+uuanu T1epecras oquoro us
arusoqos csoeu usuu. anee, ecnu oneuMe c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu nornu eae qo
coctasneuu rnaua oosua+ute ocuosuyk nMcne qaneueuaero paccrasa, to oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx
otqenos nosra atoro cqenate ue nornu.
Vouo qynate, +to ropaeuue nouMx qoneu ue seqet r uapyaeuuk yposu qeuotatusuMx sua+euuu cnos,
rocronery oneuMe qoctato+uo to+uo repeqakt to, o vev rosoputc s tercte. 0quaro ecnu nM scronuun, +to
nMcne uurorqa ue pasua rpnony sua+euuk cnos, +to oua ue ctonero sMpaaetc, cronero cosepaaetc s
cnose u sqece ooaeuuoe ero sua+euue sMctyraet rar oaa equuua u pe+u, u nManeuu, to nM ysuqun,
+to ocoe++ocmu esauvoce+su vecnu u cnoea u eco oo(e++oe s+ave+ue +ap,aasmc+ npu nopae+uu
no+ex doneu vosca u ocmasmc+ coxpa++evu , one+ex c nopae+uev meve++o-samenov+ex omdenoe.
|neuuo roatony oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra ue nornu crasate o ton, vmo rosoputc s tercte.
8Mae nM suqenu nuoro artusuMx rorMtor oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqe-
nos uautu cnoso unu pasy, rotopMe M cootsetctsosanu uves(euc+ , +ux vecnu, a ato sua+ut, +to y atux
oneuMx ana tpyqueuaa paota co cnoson u torqa, rorqa uyuo Mno rpouuruyte r nMcnu +epes saqauuMu
terct, u, uaoopot, torqa, rorqa ueoxoquno Mno uautu uyuMe cnosa u pasM, +toM sMpasute +epes uux
nMcne. lu+ero roqouoro ue ouapyusanoce s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen
nouMx qoneu nosra. 8ua+euue cnosa snetc cnouMn opasosauuen ouo coctout rar us uarnquo-
opasuMx, tar u us actpartuMx u ooaeuuMx ronroueutos. laau orMtM rorasanu, +to rpu ropaeuuu
nouMx onacteu nosra stopou ronroueut sua+euu cnosa orasMsaetc uapyaeuuMn. 3tu oneuMe orepupykt
rourpetuMn rpeqnetuo-otueceuuMn sua+euuen cnosa. Vouo qynate, +to nopae+u+ no+ex doneu vosca
eed,m | +ap,ae+us amoco cno+oco opasoea+u+ s+ave+u+ cnoea, eecm,nas(eco mo |a| ocvecne++oe
cnoeo, mo |a| cnoeec+a+ vecne. lan rpeqctasnetc, +to nM sqece ouapyusaen uapyaeuue unu s rpyMx
cny+ax paspMs ssaunocssauuMx xapartepuctur cnosa sua+euu u cnMcna. / atux oneuMx s ny+aen
cny+ae octaetc coxpauuMn rouunauue rourpetuoro sua+euu cnosa, uo ue ero cnMcna; cnMcn cnosa, pasM,
tercta orasMsaetc tpyquoqoctyruMn qn ux rouunauu. lap,ae+ue no+uva+u+ cvecna u eedem |
+ap,ae+us veane+u+, tar rar ussectuo, +to nMcne orocpeqyetc cua+ana cnMcnanu, saten suytpeuuunu
sua+euunu cnos, saten ux sueauunu sua+euunu u, uaroue, sMpaaetc s cnosax, uve++o cvecne u
e+,mpe++ue oo(e++ee s+ave+u+ cnoe o|aseeasmc+ +ap,ae++evu npu nopae+u+x no+ex doneu vosca.
0uu coxpauuM rpu ropaeuux teneuuo-satM-no+uMx otqenos, rorqa, uaoopot, uapyaaktc sueauue
sua+euu cnos, rpeqe scero rpeqnetuMe, uaxoqeuue uyuoro cnosa, a tare repesoq cnosa so sueauee
sua+euue. +toM yequtec, s rpasuneuoctu uaaero rpeqronoeuu o uapyaeuuu cnMcna u suytpeuuero
sua+euu cnos y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx sou nosra, nM rposenu creuaneuyk cepuk orMtos, rotopyk
oruaen uue.
oqsoq utoru, nouo crasate cneqykaee. poseqeuuMu uanu u orucauuMu sMae cpasuuteneuMu
arcrepuneut ro uccneqosauuk sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu y qsyx rpyrr oneuMx rorasan pasuyk
raptuuy uapyaeuu* ux uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu paote c nutepatypuMn tercton. / oneuMx c
ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra ue ouapyeuo cronero-uuyqe sanetuMx qeertos s
artusuou paote ro coctasneuuk rnaua tercta. 8ce tpyquoctu cocpeqoto+euM s pe+u s ee arcrpeccusuou u
unrpeccusuou ctopoue. eertM uerocpeqctseuuoro rouunauu sua+euu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux ctpyrtyp
tercta satpyqunu coctasneuue rnaua, uo ue snnuce ucto+uuron uapyaeuu canoro uutennertyaneuoro
arta. Coscen qpyra raptuua otrpMsaetc rpu uccneqosauuu sMronueuu tex e uutennertyaneuMx saqauuu
oneuMnu c nouMn cuuqponon. / uux coxpaueuM suqM
79
pe+esou qeteneuoctu, uo uapyaeu rpoecc artusuou auanuturo-cuutetu+ecrou paotM c nutepatypuMn
tercton.
|snoeuuMu natepuan rorasan, +to y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx sou nosra uapyaaetc opueutuposo+ua
ocuosa qeuctsu, a tare routpone sa coctseuuMnu qeuctsunu, +to seqet r tpyquoctn sMsneuu u
rouunauu cnMcna tercta. ouunauue e cnMcna sosnouo nuae ua ocuose opnuposauu enoctuoro u
ooaeuuoro opasa toro, o vev u vmo rosoputc s tercte. |neuuo atot opas u uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuuu
nouMx cucten nosra. Tarou opas noet opnuposatec ye ua yposue otqeneuMx rpeqnoeuuu, raqoe us
rotopMx uneet enoctuoe ctpoeuue u otnu+aetc ussectuMn equuctson (cocherence), uneuuo cnMcnosMn. 3to
equuctso, octasace coxpauuMn rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos, nosra, ro+eny atu oneuMe u
noryt cxsatMsate oauu cnMcn, nepeusate ocooe csoeopasuoe +ysctso cua+ana sapoqakaeroc, a rose
u ocyaectsnkaeroc rouunauu, uecnotp ua uapyaeuue rouunauu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu
rpeqnoeuuu, uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten, uecnotp ua coxpauuocte rouunauu rpannaturu
rpeqnoeuuu tercta.
Pacraq canou ctpyrtypM qeteneuoctu nouMx oneuMx, uapyaeuue rpoeccos artusuoro auanusa
rpeqnoeuuoro natepuana, usupateneuoctu u eneuarpasneuuoctu u rpusoqut r tony, +to rpoecc
sMqeneuu cyaectseuuMx sseuees rony+euuou uuopnauu u otsne+euue ot uecyaectseuuMx saneaaktc
uerocpeqctseuuMn socrputuen u socrpousseqeuuen ycsoeuuoro natepuana.
Artusua repepaotra u rpeopasosauue natepuana u coctasneuue rnaua ua ee ocuose octaktc
ueqoctyruMnu nouMn oneuMn, uo ouu noryt uay+utec^ atony rpu sseqeuuu creuaneuou cuctenM
passepuytou (u natepuanusosauuou) ronoau.
0y+euue oneuMx oeux rpyrr eae pas rpoqenouctpuposano pasuuy s ctpyrtype uapyaeuu uccneqyenou
qeteneuoctu y atux oneuMx.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra rnauuposauue tercta orasanoce ue tonero ue
uapyaeuuMn, uo ouo sunoce cpeqctson, ronorakaun yctpauute creuu+ecrue qn atux oneuMx qeertM
pe+u, s to spen rar s rpyrre oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten ata qeteneuocte Mna rpeqneton
socctauosneuu.
0rMtM c oy+euuen oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx otqenos rorasanu, +to ouu otnu+aktc ro tectu
uapyaeuu opueutuposo+uou ocuosM qeuctsu. 3to otpasunoce ua pesynetatax oy+euu: ue sce oneuMe
atou rpyrrM oy+aenM, uauoneauu ycrex rpoqenouctpuposanu oneuMe c ropaeuuen saque-nouMx cucten
nosra, s to e spen oy+euue orasanoce ueaertusuMn qn oneuMx c naccusuMnu qsyctopouuunu
ropaeuunu nosra, oxsatMsakaunu ronkc nouMx qoneu.
lnaea II. hAPYUEhhE 0hhHAhhP TEK6TA
1. P06EVA, 8AA+| | VET0|KA |CCE08Al|F
8orpoc o uapyaeuuu rouunauu pe+u snetc sauMn rpu auanuse ratonoruu pe+esoro nManeuu. Ten
onee +to rouunauue pe+u snetc ue tonero pe+esMn rpoeccon, uo ataron s xoqe pe-+enMcnuteneuou
qeteneuoctu u ctpyrtypuou equuueu s roctpoeuuu rpoecca nManeuu. Ecnu scronuute qse ctpateruu s
rouunauuu pe+u, sMqsuuytMe X. Knapr u E. Knapr,' cu+ma|cuvec|,s, ucronesykayk rpannatury qn
uqeutuurauu aneneutos sMcrasMsauu, u ceva+muvec|,s, rotopa rpeqctasnet coou ryte ot oaero
cnMcna r rourpetuMn aneneutan sMcrasMsauu, to nouo rpeqronoute, +to ropaeue teneuuo-
satMno+uMx otqenos nosra seqet r uapyaeuuk repsou ctpateruu, a ropaeuue nouMx otqenos r
uapyaeuuk stopou ctpateruu. Koue+uo, s uopne taroro +etroro pasrpauu+euu ctpateruu ue cyaectsyet, a
uneetc rura ux ronuuau. 0 aton csuqetenectsykt u qauuMe ratonoruu pe+esoro nManeuu.
Paccnatpusa rony+euuMe uanu qauuMe, nM orupanuce ua roueruk sMqakauxc ote+ectseuuMx
rcuxonoros . C. 8Mrotcroro, A. l. eouteesa, A. l. Coronosa u qpyrux o nuursuctu+ecron u rcuxonoru+ecron
yposux roctpoeuu pe+u u ouapyunu, +to y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra
oneae u rpeqe scero ctpaqaet nuursuctu+ecruu (rpannatu+ecruu) yposeue pacrosuasauu uuopnauu, ee
rouunauu u opnuposauu nMcnu. yte pe+esoro nManeuu ot rpannaturu cnos r rpannature nMcnu s
aton cny+ae repsu+uo uapyaeu s repson sseue. 0patuyk raptuuy nM uankqaen rpu ropaeuuu nouMx
qoneu nosra, rorqa nuursuctu+ecruu yposeue s enon onee coxpaueu, +en rcuxonoru+ecruu. 0quaro s
otnu+ue ot oneuMx c teneuuosatMno+uMnu'ropaeuunu nosra sqece ouapyusaktc onee cnouMe
ssaunootuoaeuu atux yposueu, +to seqet r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk pe+esoro nManeuu y atou rpyrrM one-
uMx.
la uanu+ue, rar nuuunyn, qsyx acrertos (unu yposueu) s ctpyrtype rpoecca rouunauu pe+u yrasMsan pq
uccneqosateneu. 3tou rponene Mna rocsaeua paota l. l. Vopososou, s rotopou rosoputc o qsyx
pasnu+uMx rnauax s pe+eson rpoecce, cssauuMx neqy coou, uo ue toqectseuuMx
1
. 0quu rnau ato
pe+e-
1
Cn.: Vopososa l. l. 0 rouunauuu tercta // |ssectu Al PC1CP.1947.8Mr. 7.
soe cooaeuue o artax unu sneuux usuu, tpeykaee unu ue tpeykaee qaneueuaero canoctoteneuoro
sMsoqa, uo u s ton u s qpyron cny+ae ue sMxoqaee sa rpeqenM artu+ecroro coqepauu yctuoro unu
ruceneuuoro cooaeuu. 3tot rnau pe+u, sMpaakauuc s sua+euuu cnos u ux co+etauuu, t. e. s sMrosMx
rateropux, astop ycnosuo uasMsaet nna+ov s+ave+uu. pyrou rnau pe+u, neaauu sa atun artu+ecrun
coqepauuen, otpaaet nu+uoctuoe, tar unu uua+e notusuposauuoe otuoaeuue r tony, +to rosoputc unu
orucMsaetc, t. e. +enose+ecrue royqeuu, otuoaeuue r artan rar r coMtun, urpakaun ty unu uuyk
pone s usuu +enosera. 3tot rnau pe+u nna+ cvecnasMpaaetc +epes ocooe ctunuctu+ecroe
roctpoeuue sMrosMx cpeqcts u ux ocoyk uutouauouuyk u nunu+ecryk orpacry, rotopa socrpuuunaetc
rpu cnyaauuu unu nMcneuuo socrpoussoqutc rpu +teuuu. Cneqosateneuo, rouunauue pe+u noet Mte
o+eue uepasuoeuuMn: rouunauue artos u qae sMsoq us artos ue ecte eae ronuoe rouunauue, ato nuae
rouunauue rnaua sua+euuu. 0uo noet Mte qoctato+uMn s oquux cny+ax, uo cosepaeuuo ueqoctato+uMn s
qpyrux. Astop ronaraet, +to rouunauue rnaua s+ave+uu sasucut rpeqe scero ot yposu +se|oeoco,paseumu+
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
cyerta, a rouunauue rnaua cvecna sasucut ot yposu paseumu+ nuv+ocmu. Astop satparusaet sorpoc o
uutouauouuMx u nunu+ecrux ronroueutax pe+u rar cpeqctsax ee rouunauu. l. l. Vopososa rpeqronaraet,
+to uutouauouua u nunu+ecra orpacra cnos nMcneuuo socrpoussoqutc rpu +teuuu u +to atony
crococtsykt ctunuctu+ecrue rpuenM, a tare suaru rperuuauu.
0 anououaneuon roqtercte, urpakaen orpeqeneuuyk pone s rouunauuu u sMpaeuuu pe+u, unektc
yrasauu s paotax pqa astopos. 8 atux paotax orpeqeneuua pone otsoqutc anououaneuou ctopoue
tercta u roqtercta, sMqenktc uerotopMe cpeqctsa, oecre+usakaue ronuoeuuoe rouunauue cnMcna
cooaeuu: u+mo+a(uo++o-vuvuvec|ue (rosMaeuue u rouueuue, ycuneuue u ocnaneuue ronoca, touM,
putnM, raysM, sMpasuteneuMe qsueuu) u cmunucmuvec|ue (sMop cnos, co+etauuu cnos u rpeqnoeuuu,
routerct).
Ectectseuuo, taroe rpeqctasneuue o rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtype pe+u ueuseuo satparusaet sorpoc o
ssaunootuoaeuuu pe+u u pe+esoro nManeuu, rocronery sua+euue cnosa paccnatpusaetc s pasuou ctereuu
equuueu u pe+u, u pe+esoro nManeuu. 0quaro sua+euue cnosa snetc nuae oquou us sou onee cnouoro
u onee quuanu+uoro rcuxonoru+ecroro opasosauu cnMcna cnosa, unekaero otuoaeuue ye ue tonero r
pe+u u pe+esony nManeuuk, uo u r cepe nu+uoctu +enosera. euctsuteneuMu cnMcn raqoro cnosa,
rucan . C. 8Mrotcruu, orpeqenetc, s roue+uon c+ete, scen oratctson cyaectsykaux s cosuauuu
noneutos, otuocauxc r tony, +to sMpaeuo qauuMn cnoson
1
. A. l. eoutees
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.- V., 1982.- T. 2.- C. 347.
paccnatpusaet cnMcn rar otuoaeuue notusa r enu u c+utaet, +to cnMcn ropoqaetc ue sua+euuen, a
usuek
1
.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to uccneqosauue rouunauu pe+u (yctuou u ruceneuuou) snetc oquun us sua+unMx
acrertos uccneqosauu oaero rpoecca rouunauu, rocronery pe+e snetc saueuaeu suarosou
cuctenou, roqon, c ronoaek rotoporo +enoser rony+aet uuopnauk c pasuMx rauanos cssu.
VM rpeqronounu, +to rpu aasuu rpoecc rouunauu pe+u uapyaaetc repsu+uo us-sa qeertos
nu+ceucmuvec|oco ,poe++ u rposnetc s ucraeuuon rouunauuu artu+ecroro coqepauu sepaneuou
uuopnauu (t. e. s uapyaeuuu rouunauu sua+euu cooaeuu); rpu nopae+uu no+ex doneu vosca
rouunauue pe+u uapyaaetc ua ncuxonocuvec|ov ,poe+e, +to rpusoqut r qeertan rouunauu cnMcna
sepaneuou (u uesepaneuou) uuopnauu. ocronery atu qsa yposu pe+u cyaectsykt ue usonuposauuo qpyr
ot qpyra, a, uaoopot, yto+ukt u ooraaakt qpyr qpyra, to nM rpeqronounu, +to uapyaeuue oquoro us uux
cyaectseuuMn opason otpasutc ua coctouuu qpyroro:
8 arcrepuneute rpuunu y+actue qse rpyrrM oneuMx: oneuMe c aasueu (ropaeuu saque-suco+uMx u
suco+uo-teneuuo-satM-no+uMx otqenos nosra) u oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra es uapyaeuuu
pe+u; arcrepuneut cocton us tpex cepuu orMtos.
I cepu orMtos Mna uarpasneua ua usy+euue coctouu nuursuctu+ecroro yposu rouunauu pe+u. 8 atou
cepuu uccneqosanc ouenatu+ecruu cnyx, rouunauue otqeneuMx cnos, rpeqnoeuuu (rpoctMx u cnouMx).
enek orMtos sunoce usy+euue uapyaeuu ctpyrtypM rouunauu pe+u. . '-
II c e p u orMtos ctasuna saqa+y usy+euu coctouu rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu rouunauu pe+u.
Vatepuanon uccneqosauu Mnu terctM pasuou qnuuM u cnouoctu (rpannatu+ecrou u cuutarcu+ecrou) c
otrpMtMn u crpMtMn cnMcnon.
8 atou cepuu rposepnace uaaa rurotesa: uapyaeuue nuursuctu+ecrux cpeqcts rouunauu pe+u sne+et sa
coou qeertM rouunauu anrupu+ecroro coqepauu uuopnauu (sua+euu), uo s atux ycnosux octaetc
coxpauuou crocouocte rouunauu o(eco cvecna cooaeuu, oquaro coxpauuocte nuursuctu+ecroro yposu
rouunauu ue scerqa oecre+usaet rouunauue cnMcna.
8 atou cepuu oneuMn rpeqsnnuce terctM s pasuMx ycnosux s yctuou u ruceneuuou opne: 1) rpu
ucrnk+euuu sMpasuteneuMx cpeqcts sMra u pe+u, 2) c ronuMn uaopon atux cpeqcts. 6oneuou qoneu Mn
rpocnyaate terct, repecrasate u sMqenute cnMcn (nopane).
C enek sMcueuu ponu sMpasuteneuMx sMrosMx cpeqcts s rouunauuu cooaeuu, c oquou ctopouM, u
ponu uarpasneuuou auanu-turo-cuutetu+ecrou paotM oneuMx uaq rouunauuen terctos
1
Cn.: eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru.V., 1981; eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975.
V., 1981;
c qpyrou, so stopou +actu orMtos terctM rpeqsnnuce es suaros rperuuauu, es oosua+euu ua+ana u
roua raqoro rpeqnoeuu u asaa. 6oneuMe qonuM Mnu rpo+utate terct, paccrasate, +to ouu rounu, a
saten pac+neuute terct ua rpeqnoeuu u asaM, pacctasute suaru rperuuauu, pasqenute terct ua
cnMcnosMe +actu u cuosa repeqate coqepauue u cnMcn tercta.
8Mae nM ye unenu sosnouocte yequtec s ton, +to uapyaeuue cnMcna snetc seqyaeu
xapartepucturou s qeerte sepane-uo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx otqenos nosra.
8osuuraet sorpoc: uapyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna uneet necto tonero s pe+eson nManeuuu unu u s qpyrux
suqax uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu? C enek sMcueuu atoro sorpoca nM rposenu III c e p u k orMtos ro
uccneqosauuk rouunauu uarnquo-opasuoro natepuana, s ra+ectse rotoporo uan rocnyunu cketuMe
raptuuM. lerotopMe uccneqosatenu paccnatpusakt rouunauue cketuMx raptuu rar pes,nemam uarnquo-
opasuoro nManeuu, qpyrue e c+utakt rouunauue od+ou us cocmae+ex eco vacmeu. 8 nkon cny+ae
auanuturo-cuutetu+ecra paota uaq rouunauuen coqepauu u cnMcna cketuMx raptuu rpoxoqut pq
ataros.
ouunauue cnMcna rpoctMx raptuu, socrpoussoqaux rpoctyk unu suaronyk cutyauk, rpoucxoqut
uerocpeqctseuuo, ryten rar M cxsatMsauu cnMcna, cnoua e raptuua tpeyet rocneqosateneuoro
socrputu, passepuytoro auanusa, yctauosneuu csseu neqy otqeneuMnu aneneutanu raptuuM unu
otqeneuMnu cnMcnosMnu +actnu. 8 uopne cua+ana uqet socrputue raptuuM u oeura ee coqepauu s
enon, t. e. opnuposauue u orosuauue enoctuoro repertusuoro opasa, u tonero saten rpoucxoqut
roaneneutuoe socrputue raptuuM, socrputue u orosuauue otqeneuMx ee opasos u ux ssaunootuoaeuuu;
rose sMqenktc rnasuMe cnMcnosMe eutpM r-aptuuM u ux ssaunootuoaeuu qpyr c qpyron.
0quospeneuuo (noet Mte, rocneqosateneuo unu rapanneneuo) uqet coroctasneuue repertusuoro opasa c
unekaunuc s rantu opasanu-rpeqctasneuunu u t. q. la ocuosauuu u s rpoecce tarou cnouou
auanuturo-cuutetu+ecrou qeteneuoctu qenaetc sarnk+euue o coqepauuu u cnMcne raptuuM.
Vouo ynate, +to otqeneuMe atarM rouunauu (oaee rouunauue coqepauu, ysuasauue, onee to+uoe
rouunauue coqepauu u rouunauue cnMcna) rar M srneteuM s traue auanuturo-cuutetu+ecrou
qeteneuoctu. onuoe e u ronuoeuuoe rouunauue cnMcna onee sMcororo yposu ooaeuu sMctyraet
ye rar pesynetat atou cnouou opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu. Cepu orMtos coctona
us qsyx +acteu.
8repsou +actu orMtos oneuMe oeux rpyrr qonuM Mnu rpatro paccrasate coqepauue raptuuM, oeuute u
copnynuposate cnMcn usopaeuuMx coMtuu.
8o stopou +actu saqa+a oneuMx sarnk+anace s sMope raptuu, cootsetctsykaux paccrasy
arcrepuneutatopa. 8 atou +actu orMtos creuaneuo ucrnk+anace yctua pe+e oneuMx rar
uuquratop rouunauu, a ssoqunc sMop cootsetctsykaux tercty (qauuony co cnyxa) cketuMx raptuu rar
uuquratop rouunauu pe+u u qeuctsue sMopa. 3ta +acte orMtos ryten ucrnk+euu yctuou pe+u oneuMx
crococtsosana s orpeqeneuuou nepe quepeuuposauuk y oneuMx c aasueu uapyaeuu coctseuuo
rouunauu pe+u ot uapyaeuuu yctuou pe+u, a s rpyrre oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra ronorana
quepeuuposate coctseuuo rouunauue pe+u ot tarux ctpyrtypuMx ronroueutos uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu, rar suunauue, routpone, opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte u qp., rotopMe
oprauusykt qeteneuocte oneuoro, crococtsy ten canMn rouunauuk. laau rpeuue uccneqosauu
rorasanu, +to artusuMu canoctoteneuMu paccras ro cketuou raptuue, sputeneua oropa ua uee perynupykt
u ctunynupykt qeteneuocte oneuoro c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten s oneaeu ctereuu, +en rpuen pe+esou
uuopnauu co cnyxa.
8 orMtax ucronesosanuce perpoqyruu ussectuMx raptuu. Cua+ana oneuMn rpeqsnnuce otqeneuMe
raptuuM: 1) es roqtercta (8. A. Cepos. eso+ra c repcuranu, |. |. Luaruu. CocuosMu op, |. l.
yoscruu. 8e+ep rocne qoq); 2) c sMpaeuuMn anououaneuMn roqtercton (8. 8. yrupes. lepasuMu
par, . A. 1eqotos. Csatosctso nauopa u qp.). n rpasuneuoro rouunauu atux raptuu ot ucrMtyenMx
tpeyetc ronuno rouunauu artu+ecroro natepuana nu+uoctuoe, tar unu uua+e notusuposauuoe
otuoaeuue r usopaeuuMn coMtun u artyanusau usueuuoro orMta, t. e. rpouuruoseuue s cnMcn.
8aten rpeqsnnuce rapM rounurtuMx raptuu:
1) sueaue roxoue, uo rpotusoronouMe ro cnMcny u ro coqepauuk: ocnequ secua. V. . Knoqta u
lataaa Poctosa y orua (puc. 2);
2) sueaue roxoue, cnMcn oquu u tot e, uo sua+euue (cket) pasuoe: lepasuMu par 8. 8. yrupesa u
Csatosctso nauopa . A. 1eqotosa (puc. 3);
3) sueaue +actu+uo roxoue, uo pasnu+uMe ro cnMcny. CauuMu ryte ueussectuoro xyqouura u
posoqM rorouuura 8. l. eposa (puc. 4);
4) sueaue pasuMe, cnMcn pasuMu, a sua+euue oquo u to e cepu kose (puc. 5).
8aqa+a atux orMtos sarnk+anace s uccneqosauuu crocouoctu oneuMx osneusc ot oaux, uo
uecyaectseuuMx rpusuaros u sMqenute cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru. 8 arcrepuneute y+actsosanu oneuMe c
arycturo-nuectu+ecrou u cenautu+ecrou aasueu u oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )

Puc. 2. V. . Knoqt..ocnequ secua; lataaa Poctosa v orua.


Puc. 3- 8. 8. yrupes. lepasuMu par . A. 1eqotos. Csatosctso nauopa.


Puc. 4. CauuMu ryte (xyqouur ueussecteu) 8. l. epos. posoqM rorouuura.

Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )



Puc. 5. Cepu kosek
2. hAPYUEhhE 0hhHAhhP TEK6TA Y 50bhbX
6 0PAAEhhEH 3AhE-h60+hbX h TEHEhh0-3ATb0+hbX 05A6TEh H03|A (50bhbE 6 A4A3hEh)
Auanus natepuana I cepuu orMtos rorasan, +to y scex uccneqosauuMx uanu pe+esMx poneuMx orasanoce
uapyaeuuMn rouunauue pe+u ua nuursuctu+ecron yposue, uo s pasuMx sseuex ctpyrtypM rpoecca
rouunauu.
/ oneuMx c a|,cmu|o-v+ecmuvec|ou aasueu orasanoce uapyaeuuMn sseuo orepatusuou cnyxo-pe+esou
rantu, a qpyrue sseue nuursuctu+ecroro yposu rouunauu Mnu coxpauuM. 3tot natepuan roqtsepqun
qauuMe, unekauec s nutepatype ro atony sorpocy.
Auanus natepuana II cepuu orMtos, s rotopou uccneqosanoce rouunauue artu+ecroro coqepauu u cnMcna
tercta, rorasan rpeqe scero rpuuuruaneuyk coxpauuocte rouunauu terctos V atux oneuMx.
0quu oneuMe {ceva+muvec|a+ aasu+) nornu rpasuneuo usnoute artu+ecroe coqepauue tercta u
oeuute ero cnMcn u roqterct. n qpyrux oneuMx {a|,cmu|o-v+ecmuvec|a+ aasu+) rouunauue cnMcna
tercta orasanoce qoctyruMn nuae rpu ucrnk+euuu stopu+uMx ronex. Tarunu ronexanu orasanoce cyeuue
oena socrputu, rotopoe seno ue r rouunauuk, a r yraqMsauuk coqepauu tercta. Ecnu e oneuMn
qasanc qn rouunauu uarucauuMu u pasutMu ua ropotrue +actu terct unu pq rourpetuMx sorpocos r
tercty (ro ero coqepauuk u cnMcny), to rouunauue tercta ctauosunoce ronuoeuuMn. larucauuMu terct,
pasusra ero ua +actu (qoctyruMe socrputuk oneuMx) u sorpocM r ueny sunuce tenu sueauunu oropanu,
rotopMe crococtsosanu rpeoqoneuuk qeerta cyeuu oena socrpuuunaenou ua cnyx uuopnauu u
rouunauuk tercta.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou 3. (uct. onesuu N 48695), 48 net, opasosauue sMcaee. uaruos: coctouue rocne rpouurakaero oruectpeneuoro paueuu s
nesyk meve++o-eucov+o-amenov+,s onacme. leuporcuxonoru+ecroe ocneqosauue otne+aet passepuytMu cuuqpon uapyaeuuu,
xapartepuMx qn ropaeuu saque-suco+-uo-teneuuo-satMno+uou onactu c sneuunu anuectu+ecrou u cenautu+ecrou aasuu.
8 uaaen arcrepuneute rpu uccneqosauuu rouunauu pe+u ouapyunace cneqykaa raptuua. 1ouenatu+ecruu cnyx oneuoro ue
ouapyusan qeertos qae s ceucuunusuposauuMx ycnosux. Cnosa, oosua+akaue rpeqnetM s rone speuu, oneuou rouunaet
xopoao. ouunauue co cnyxa cnos, nusrux ro ssy+auuk (coop, saop; non|oe+u|, no|no++u|, nonoe+u| u t. q.), tare coxpauuo.
0quaro rpu rposepre rouunauu cnouMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux ctpyrtyp ouapyunuce rpyMe uapyaeuu. Mtace route
rouctpyruk atpuytusuoro poquteneuoro raqea pam om(a, rocne qnuteneuou auanutu+ecrou paotM oneuou rpuxoqut r rpa-
suneuony sMsoqy, uo neuee rpusM+ua rouctpyru ome( pama octaetc cosepmeuuo ueqoctyruou qn rouunauu oneuoro.
8Mrucra us rpotorona: 0|aume, |a| 3e no+uvaeme, |mo ma|ou ome( pama?. ly, ato... ote... ote noero pata... tar ue rosopt...
ote noero pata... ote pata... ote... ote... pata ota, a ato pat noero ota... a ato ote patu... |mo ,dem 3av ome( pama?
F ue nory, ue cxsa+y... ote pata... ote noero pata... tar uenes, tar ue rosopt... ote pata, +to-to ue cxsa+y.
ouunauue tarux rouctpyruu, srnk+euuMx s rpeqnoeuue, toe ctpaqaet 6oneuony rpeqnaraetc rostopute rpeqnoeuue: uct
ssa qpout ua setpy. uct ssau (?) qpout ua setpy. +to taroe ssau, saMn. 8suoe +to-to, qa'
1
uct-to qpoat setepron, a
sot ssau ue suak. (peqnoeuue rostopetc arcrepuneutatopon.) Ax, ssa! 8sato qepeso. |a|ou cvecn npednoe+u+? ly,
o+eue cnaoe qepeso, uet... nuct u setepor aesenut.
Vouo qynate, +to s aton cny+ae tpyquocte rouunauu rouctpyruu poquteneuoro raqea nucm e+sa stopu+uo seqet r uerpasuneuony
aryctu+ecrony socrputuk atoro cnosoco+etauu, uecnotp ua to, +to ouenatu+ecruu cnyx y oneuoro snetc coxpauuMn.
Tpyquoctu rouunauunoruro-rpannatu+ecrux otuoaeuuu eae onee ouapyusaktc rpu rorMtre route ua cnyx cnouMe
quctautuMe rpeqnoeuu. 6oneuony rpeqsnetc rpeqnoeuue: la /rpauue r eqnutpuk rpucoequuunuce ueqosoneuMe
opanu rasaru c oua u /pana. |mo npucoedu+unc+ | edvumpus? la /rpauue r atony... eqnutpuk,.." ato Mn ape,
rpucoequuunuce ope c /rpauuM u oua. (peqnoeuue rostopetc: la /rpauue r eqnutpuk rpucoequuunuce ope. 0uu Mnu
ueqosoneuM apen.) |ev +edoeone+e? apen.
VM cqenanu rorMtry yrpoctute rouunauue noruro-rpannatu+ecrux ctpyrtyp c ronoaek oropM ua rpoctMe raptuuru c usopaeuuen
qeuctsu, o rotopon coo-
83
aaetcu s rpeqnoeuuu. 6oneuony qasanace raptuura c usopaeuuen cuqaeu euauuM, ee cMua u qo+ru, rperoquocaux eu topt u
setM, sce ynMaktc. |uctpyru oneuony: o|aume +a |apmu+|e, cde dov|a vave ,neaemc+. o+ra nanM ynMuetc...
qo+ra nanM... nouo ee... qo+ra... r atou nouo otuectu (ueysepeuuo rorasMsaet ua qeso+ry)... qo+ra nanM... qo+ra nanM... qo+ra
nanM ynMaetc... ouu oe ynMaktc. o+ra es nanM yqetqo+ra ynMaetc. / |a| c vavou coom+ecmu? Vouo otuectu u r
atou (rorasMsaet ua qo+ry), uo r nane toe xo+etc otuectu. o+ra ynMaetc tar xopoao, nerro Mno M. o+ruua nana... nanuua
qo+ra... rar-to +yquo...
Tarun opason, uecnotp ua to +to y oneuoro coxpauuM no-tusauouuo-rotpeuoctua ctopoua
qeteneuoctu, yqepauue enu, roueutpau suunauu, opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra paota uaq
roctyrakaeu uuopnaueu, rpoecc eneopasosauu, aqersatua oeura csoeu qeteneuoctu, c oquou
ctopouM, u uet uapyaeuuu ouenatu+ecroro cnyxa u rpyMx qeertos orepatusuou cnyxo-pe+esou rantu u
cyeuu oena socrputu c qpyrou, rouunauue pe+u orasMsaetc uapyaeuuMn. Auanus arcrepuneu-
taneuoro natepuana repsou cepuu orMtos rorasan, +to nuursuctu+ecruu yposeue rouunauu ctpaqaet rpeqe
scero us-sa uapyaeuuu uerocpeqctseuuoro cxsatMsauu sua+euu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu.
8o II cepuu orMtos, s rotopou uccneqosanoce rouunauue rpoctMx u cnouMx terctos, nM rony+unu
cneqykayk raptuuy. ouunauue terctos, cnouMx ro rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtype, uo rpoctMx ro coqepauuk u
cnMcny, orasanoce uapyaeuuMn co ctopouM to+uoro rouunauu artu+ecroro coqepauu, oeura e oaero
cnMcna coxpauua.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou 3. 6oneuony yctuo rpeqsnetc terct luesqo qtna.
la oryare neca sMae scex qepesees ctapa ene. la ryctou setre enu ruesqo rtuM. 8 ruesqe rteuM qtna. etu us qepesuu
xotenu pasopute ruesqo qtna. 0quu ctan pocate s uero ranuu, a qpyrou rMtanc saneste ua ene. punetesaue poqutenu rteuos
ctanu netate uaq ronosanu petuaer. Torqa ouu roanenu rteuos u yanu us neca.
6oneuou rpasuneuo roun o(uu cvecn tercta rpu ueqoctato+uMx cpeqctsax rouunauu. ly, +to rosopute... qten, +to nu... o
qtne rosoputc... D vev coeopumc+? Tar o ton, +to qten s ruesqe... ua enre... 0u tan co csounu rteuanu... Petuaru ranunu
pasopunu... xotenu-pasopute ruesqo, uo rteuM ctanu ruaate u qetu yanu us neca.
Kopotrue e terctM, onaqakaue onee cnouMn, crpMtMn cnMcnon, uo rpoctMe ro rpannatu+ecrony ctpoeuuk, oneuou rouunan
ronuoctek.
8o stopou +actu atou cepuu orMtos terctM rpeqsnnuce oneuMn s ruceneuuon suqe. TerctM Mnu coctasneuM ro rpuuury
rpeqMqyaux paccrasos rpoctMe ro rpannatu+ecrony ctpok, uo co crpMtMn cnMcnon. 0uu Mnu uare+atauM ua otqeneuMx
rapto+rax u qauM crnoauMn aputon es suaros rperuuauu, +toM uarnquee sMctyruna auanuturo-cuutetu+ecra paota oneuMx
uaq rouunauuen.
puseqen terct N 1.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
es u nMara"
es cran nMara rpoeana ro ero cruue nes rpocuync sapM+an u rounan ee ryctu neu rorpocuna nMara tee toe rpuroyce
nes sacnenc uo ryctun ee cropo oxotuuru rounanu nesa u rpussanu ero r qepesy nMara ycnMxana rpur nesa roqeana r ueny
reperpMsna sepesry u ocsooquna nesa.
6oneuou qoneu Mn rpo+utate terct, paccrasate ero coqepauue u sMsectu nopane. 6oneuou repecrasan terct rpasuneuo, roun
nopane: /+ut, +to uaqo qpyute, +to s cny+ae eqM qpyr qpyra ocsooqate, rono+e qpyr qpyry yutu ot eqM. ocne atoro ou
rpasuneuo pacctasun suaru rperuuauu u pasqenun terct ua cnMcnosMe +actu. II cepu orMtos yequteneuo rorasana, +to y oneuoro
uet repsu+uMx uapyaeuuu rouunauu cketa u cnMcna uuopnauu. eertM sMctyrakt nuae rar cneqctsue uapyaeuu rouunauu
ua nuursuctu+ecron yposue, ecnu e ucrnk+ute atu tpyquoctu, to rouunauue pe+u rar co ctopouM coqepauu, tar u cnMcna
orasMsaetc qoctyruMn. 3tot sMsoq roqtsepqaetc u pesynetatanu, rony+euuMnu s III cepuu orMtos, s rotopou rouunauue sua+euu
u cnMcna uccneqosanoce ua uesepaneuon natepuane (cketuMe raptuuru). 3ta cepu orMtos ctasuna saqa+eu uccneqosauue
rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu rouunauu.
8 aton orMte orucMsaenMu oneuou rpasuneuo sMronuun sce saqauu: ou roun coqepauue u cnMcn otqeneuMx rpoctMx u
anououaneuo uacMaeuuMx raptuu, rpasuneuo oeuun coqepauue u cnMcn rounurtuMx rap cketuMx raptuu, sMronuun saqauue u
c cepueu kose.
laae uccneqosauue ouapyuno orpeqeneuuMe sarouonepuoctu so ssaunoqeuctsuu yposueu rouunauu.
lapyaeuue nuursuctu+ecroro yposu rouunauu uuorqa otpuateneuo snuno ua ocyaectsneuue rouunauu
ua rcuxonoru+ecron yposue, s to spen rar coxpauuocte onee sMcororo yposu rouunauu pe+u uuorqa
orasMsana ronouteneuoe snuuue ua rouunauue rourpetuoro sepaneuoro natepuana.
lue rpuseqen cootsetctsykauu rpunep, unnkctpupykauu orucauuMu sMae xapartep ssaunoqeuctsu qsyx
yposueu rouunauu pe+u.
6oneua A. (uct. onesuu N 48680), 54 net, c sMcaun opasosauuen. uaruos: suytpunosrosa on,xone neeou meve++o-eucov+ou
onacmu. /qaneua suytpunosrosa oryxone enyqo+rosoro tpeyroneuura, sMxoqaa ua rosepxuocte ropM. K noneuty uaaero
creuaneuoro uccneqosauu y oneuou unenuce aneneutM arycturo-nuectu+ecrou, aepeutuou notopuou u cenautu+ecrou aasuu.
ouunauue nuursuctu+ecroro yposu y oneuou Mno uapyaeuo scneqctsue arycturo-nuectu+ecrux u cenautu+ecrux tpyquocteu-.
cuxonoru+ecruu yposeue Mn s ocuosuon coxpaueu, uo ero coxpauuocte unena npeqens: uapyaeuue rouunauu pe+u o-
uapyusanoce rpu rpeqsneuuu sepaneuoro natepuana ua cnyx.
6oneuou +utaetc crasra 8eparu u ropearu (terct rpoctou ro rpannatu+ecrony ctpoeuuk, uo uneet crpMtMu cnMcn). la rpocey
arcrepuneutatopa sMsectu nopane, crasate, s +en cnMcn paccrasa, cpasy u rpasuneuo otsetuna: Kto-to roro-to repexutpun u +to
uenes onauMsate. VM suqun, +to oneua rouna cnMcn enoro paccrasa, t. e. uutennertyaneuoe +ysctso enoctuoctu u
csoeopasuort rouunauu y uee orasanoce coxpauuMn. 0quaro rouunauue coqepauu, artonoru+ecrou ctopouM paccrasa,
ssaunootuoaeuuu qeuctsykaux nu octanoce sa rpeqenanu ee sosnouocteu. 0quaro c enek onee rnyororo rouunauu oneua
passepuyna ocosuauuyk qeteneuocte ro sMqsueuuk uccneqosatenecrux saqa+ u otsety ua r+x.
8Mrucra us rpotorona. 3 vev cvecn pacc|asa? Veqseqe sMpan, ue c+utace c sMroqou... sMpan sepxyary. paeune+o? le c+uta
sMroquMnu separu u ropearu, u rpoc+utanc. |mo npednoun |opea|u? Kaetc, neqseqe... ou rpeqnoun cee ropearu, a nyur...
uet!.. Veqseqk orasanuce separu-ropearu, a y nyura uu+ero ue orasanoce. aneae nyur cornacunc ua cneqykauu roq ua ropearu,
unen s suqy, o+esuquo, pery, - uo ypoqunace raeuua, y rotopou oneaa +acte separu, u ato rony+un neqseqe. / vmo e non,vun
v,u|? A-a! Vyur rony+un ropuu, rotopMe ueceqouM. leroutuo, rto-to roro-to repexutpun, uo sot rto? 0+esuquo, neqseqe
repexutpun nyura, a nyur.peaun repexutpute neqseq. 0u qynan, +to rony+ut pery, a orasanoce uua+e. Veqseqe rony+un ny+ayk
qonk ypoa, a +to rony+un nyur?.. To ecte nyur onauync...
ropo+e rosop, nyur xoten onauyte neqseq, qynan, neqseqe ue coopaaet. 0u nor M +ectuo ocyqute, rto +to rony+ut.
|opom|o c|aume vopane. Veqseqe ue qynan o onaue, usue sosuarpaquna ero. le xutpu, ue onauMsau, uyuo +ectuo qenute.
lyuo roqenutec c ren-to qpyrun.
Auanus rpotorona rorasMsaet, +to oneua cua+ana cxsatuna oauu cnMcn crasru u s enon ee nopane, oquaro us-sa cyeuu oena
socrputu tercta oua tar u ue cnorna yto+uute ponu qeuctsykaux nu, rto onauyn, a rto roctpaqan (ponu oneua pacrpeqenuna
uerpasuneuo). Koue+ua nopane paccrasa Mna sMseqeua s enon rpasuneuo, oua cornacosanace c ten cyertusuMn rouunauuen
coqepauu paccrasa, rotopoe cnounoce y oneuou, uo ue cootsetctsosana artu+ecrony pacrpeqeneuuk poneu s tercte.
3tot rpunep unnkctpupyet cnouoe ssaunootuoaeuue qsyx yposueu rouunauu pe+u rpu ratonoruu.
lapyaeuue nuursuctu+ecroro yposu rouunauu pe+u, nexauusnon rotoporo s qauuon cny+ae snetc
uapyaeuue socrputu u yqepauu s rantu oneaoro oena uuopnauu s co+etauuu c cenautu+ecrunu
qeertanu, noet stopu+uo rpusectu r uapyaeuuk rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu, t. e. r qeertan rouunauu
roqtercta, nopanu paccrasa. Tarun opason, nM suqun sqece aqersatuocte u ronuoty rouunauu, uo ot-
cytctsue to+uoctu u rnyuuM. C qpyrou ctopouM, crocouocte r cxsatMsauuk oaero cnMcna s uertopou
ctereuu ronreucupyet qeertM rouunauu coqepauu tercta.
+toM rposepute rpeqronoeuue o repsu+uou coxpauuoctu cnMcnosoro rnaua s rpoecce rouunauu u o ua-
pyaeuuu ero nuae us-sa cyeuu oena socrputu, nM saqanu oneuou pq sorpocos, yto+ukaux
artu+ecroe coqepauue tercta. 8 aton orMte oneua rpasuneuo socrpoussena ro sorpocan u coqepauue
tercta, u cnMcn, u nopane paccrasa. Tarun opason, anunuuuposauue pe+esMx tpyquocteu seqet r ronuony
rouunauuk tercta.
3tot sMsoq rony+un roqtsepqeuue u s orMtax c uarucauuMnu terctanu, s rotopMx tpeosanoce pacctasute
suaru rperuuauu, otqenute rpeqnoeuu u pasqenute terct ua cnMcnosMe +actu? 8 orMte ucrnk+anoce
saronuuauue (terct Mn s ruceneuuon suqe) u rpeqoctasnnace sosnouocte socrpuuunate terct ro +actn,
qoctyruMn oneuou. 8 atux ycnosux oneua rpasuneuo pacctasuna suaru rperuuauu u es tpyqa
pasqenuna terct ua coctasuMe cnMcnosMe +actu.
lac sauutepecosan sorpoc, c +en cssauM aneneutM uapyaeuu rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu rouunauu y uaaeu
oneuou: c qeertanu rouunauu ua nuursuctu+ecron yposue unu ouu repsu+uM u cssauM c uapyaeuunu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu? PesynetatM III cepuu orMtos otseprakt rocnequee rpeqronoeuue.
6oneua sMronuuna sce rpoM s III cepuu orMtos: oua rpasuneuo oeuuna cnMcn rar cnouMx, tar u rpoctMx
cketuMx raptuuor, rpasuneuo sMronuuna saqauue u c rounurtuMnu rapanu raptuuor, oeuuna oaee u
otnu+uoe s cepuu kose. pu auanuse coqepauu rpeqsneuuMx eu xyqoectseuuMx raptuuor oneua
ue tonero artusuo auanusuposana coqepauue raptuuor, uo u rposnna csoe otuoaeuue r usopaaenMn
coMtun, qasana rpasuneuyk oeury.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou rpeqsnetc rounurtua cepu raptuuor" kose, ee rpoct oeuute: oquuaros nu cnMcn atux raptuuor, u paccrasate
ux coqepauue. 6oneua: eno uqet o oquon ocueuuu s nksu. esyaru u rapuu, rpusuauu, sMpaeuu +yscts. 3 vev
pas+u(a? Pasuua s ton, +to sqece uet uactoaeu nksu (repsa raptuura), a qorosop, cornacue sarnk+ute par ro pac+ety. 8topa
raptuura ucrpeuuocte, uuraroro pac+eta, ronua nkose. 8qece, roue+uo, ue to, rpocto passne+euue (3- raptuura). 6esqynuo
passneraktc. |n ato upasutc (4- raptuura). A ato ronu+ecra raptuura. 0+eue nuna raptuura o nksu. (Cn. puc. 5.)
|s rpotorona suquo, +to oneua to+uo socrpoussena cket raptuuor coqepauue tercta raptuuor (yposeue sua+euuu). | eae
onee to+uo u ronuo oeuuna u copnynuposana cnMcn raqou raptuuru, rpasuneuo qana cpasuuteneuyk xapartepuctury cketa u
cnMcna atux raptuuor.
Tarun opason, arcrepuneutaneuoe uccneqosauue rpoecca rouunauu y oneuMx c ropaeuunu saque-
suco+uMx u teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nesoro ronyaapu, corposoqakaunuc ary-cturo-nuectu+ecrou u
cenautu+ecrou aasueu, sMsuno cneqykayk raptuuy. / oneuMx c aasueu uapyaeuue rouunauu pe+u
yxoqut csounu ropunu s ratonoruk pe+esoro rpoecca, a sepane-.uo-noru+ecroe nManeuue uapyaaetc
stopu+uo us-sa repsu+uMx qeertos pe+u, ee opnaneuou ctc?pouM. Ctpyrtypa u nexauusnM uapyaeuu
rouunauu pe+u rpu aasuu pasnu+uM u sasuct ot opnM aasuu, oquaro qn scex opn aasuu
xapartepuo oaee csouctso: rpoecc rouunauu pe+u ctpaqaet repsu+uo us-sa qeertos nuursuctu+ecroro
yposu rouunauu (unu rnaua sua+euuu). pu pasuMx opnax aasuu uapyaaktc pasuMe sseue atoro
yposu (sseuo ssyropasnu+euu, oen aryctu+ecroro socrputu, repeauposra noruro-rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu ua equuuM sua+euu).
|ccneqosauue rorasano tecuyk ssaunocsse u ssaunooycnosneuuocte qsyx yposueu rouunauu
nuursuctu+ecroro u rcuxonoru+ecroro; Mno ouapyeuo, +to onee coxpauuMu yposeue rouunauu cnMcna
noet orasMsate ronreucatopuoe snuuue ua qeertuMu nuursuctu+ecruu yposeue, a rpyMe uapyaeuu
nuursuctu+ecroro yposu rouunauu noryt orasMsate stopu+uoe otpuateneuoe snuuue ua*rouunauue
cnMcna uuopnauu.
ony+euuMu natepuan yrasan tare ua tecuyk csse rouunauu c notusauouuou cepou cosuauu u
artusuou qeteneuoctek cyerta, coxpauuocte yrasauuMx cep y oneuMx c aasueu orasMsana
ronreucatopuoe snuuue ua qeertM rouunauu pe+u.
3. lAP/LEl|E 0l|VAl|F TEKCTA / 60blbX C 0PAXEl|EV 06lbX C|CTEV V08lA
ouMe qonu nosra, rar nM rucanu sMae, snktc uauonee cnouMnu rar ro ctpyrtype, tar u ro yuruu, u
ouu ocyaectsnkt rporpannuposauue, perynuk u routpone qeteneuoctu +enosera; ux ropaeuue rpusoqut
r uapyaeuuk sceu rcuxu+ecrou cepM +enosera, rpeqe scero uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u
anououaneuo-sonesou cepM, pe+e e rar +actuMu rcuxu+ecruu rpoecc rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu
octaetc coxpauuou. utepatypuMe qauuMe, a tare uaau coctseuuMe uankqeuu u arcrepuneutaneuMe
natepuanM yrasMsakt ua ronuyk coxpauuocte y atou rpyrrM oneuMx opnaneuou ctopouM pe+esoro
rpoecca u scex suqos yctuou u ruceneuuou pe+u. +to racaetc onee sMcorux yposueu pe+u,
oecre+usakaux ronuoeuuoe rouunauue sepaneuou uuopnauu ue tonero co ctopouM ee anrupu+ecroro
coqepauu, uo u toro cnMcna, +to +acto sanoeu s ueu, to ata ctopoua pe+u, tpeykaa coxpauuoctu
ooaakaeu yuruu pe+u, c oquou ctopouM, u notusauouuo-rotpeuoctuou cepM nu+uoctu c qpyrou,
orasMsaetc uapyaeuuou.
8 canon qene, ussectuo, +to, qn toro +toM route cnMcn sepaneuou uuopnauu, cyert can qoneu
onaqate ussectuMn yposuen notusauu, rotpeuoctek s uuqusuqyaneuou qeteneuoctu u orpeqeneuuMn
otuoaeuuen r qauuou uuopnauu s tercte. cuxonoru+ecruu yposeue rouunauu, t. e. rouunauue cnMcna
pe+u, s roue+uon c+ete orpeqenetc sceu nu+uoctek +enosera u ero couaneuMn orMton. Ectectseuuo
rpeqronoute, +to ropaeuue nouMx cucten nosra, ue uapyaa opnaneuou ctopouM pe+u u rouunauu
artu+ecroro coqepauu sepaneuou uuopnauu, ueuseuo rpuseqet r uapyaeuuk rouunauu ee cnMcna.
C oneuMnu c no+ev cu+dpovov Mnu rposeqeuM te e tpu cepuu orMtos, +to u c oneuMnu repsou rpyrrM.
Auanus natepuanos I cep uu orMtos roqtsepqun rpeqronoeuue o repsu+uou coxpauuoctu pe+esoro rpoecca
y qauuou rpyrrM oneuMx: yctua arcrpeccusua pe+e, +teuue u ruceno, rouunauue opaaeuuou pe+u, sua+e-
uuu otqeneuMx cnos u rpoctMx rpeqnoeuuu ue ouapyusanu repsu+uMx uapyaeuuu. 0quaro y oquoro us
cenu oneuMx Mno ouapyeuo uapyaeuue rouunauu cnouMxnoruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu
(rouctpyru atpuytusuoro poquteneuoro raqea, cpasuuteneuMe rouctpyruu, uusepcuu). lo nexauusnM
uapyaeuu rouunauu s atux cny+ax neat ue s canou pe+u, rar ato uneet necto y oneuMx c cenautu+ecrou
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
aasueu, a s cepe nu+uoctu, s cepe oaero u sepaneuoro roseqeuu s cutyauu saqauu.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou K. (uet. onesuu N 48579), 23 net, ctyqeut. uaruos: om|pema+ vepen+o-voscoea+ mpaeva. |ccneqosauue nuursuctu+ecroro'
yposu rouunauu y oneuoro rorasano cneqykayk raptuuy (I cepu orMtos): ouenatu+ecruu cnyx u cnyxo-pe+esa rante
coxpauuM, oneuou rpasuneuo socrpuuunaet u rostopet otqeneuMe ssyru, rapM u tpouru ssyros, cnoros u cnos, pasnu+aet u nusrue
ouenM. 0tqeneuMe cnosa rouunaktc oneuMn rpasuneuo qae s ceucuunusuposauuMx ycnosux. larpunep, oneuony qaktc
qn. ocueuu nusro ssy+aaue cnosa es sputeneuou oropM ua rpeqnetuMe raptuuru.
Ds+c+ume, noan,ucma, vmo ma|oe:
Vo+conu+
ctpaua
vac+onu+ setM c,ce+u(a ato
canoe, ua qepese
uset
sa,ce+u(a ua
ranee
sano+|a ua
pyaare
ouunauue otqeneuMx rpeqnoeuuu c oropou ua rpoctMe cketuMe raptuuru tare ue uapyaeuo: oneuou rpasuneuo uaxoqut
raptuuru, rpo rotopMe rosoputc u s ropotrux, u qnuuuMx, rpoctMx u rpannatu+ecru cnouMx rpeqnoeuux.
|ccneqosauue rouunauu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu rossonuno ouapyute ero repsu+uyk coxpauuocte, oquaro stopu+uoe
rouunauue atux ctpyrtyp +acto orasMsanoce uapyaeuuMn. Vexauusnon atux uapyaeuuu snnace acroutauuocte oneuoro, a tare
uueptuocte rpoterauu rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos.
puseqen rpunepM.
|mo ma|ou pam om(a? 6pat u ecte. |mo ,dem 3av pam om(a? q. / |mo ,dem 3av ome( pama? q, uasepuoe. 5pam
om(a u ome( pama odu+ u mom e venoee|? let, pasuMe.
Te e oauru ouapyusaktc rpu rouunauuu uusepcuu: oneuou crnoueu paccnatpusate uusepcuk rar rpnoe rpeqnoeuue.
larpunep: ems ,dapun 3a++. |mo nocmpadan? 8auu. Artususau suunauu oneuoro u sqece rpusoqut r rpasuneuony otsety.
6espasnu+uoe otuoaeuue oneuoro r saqauun u qeertM s cuctene usupateneuMx csseu qenouctpupyet cneqykauu rpunep. |a|oe
us de,x npednoe+uu npaeune+oe: 0no+ oneae v,xu unu V,xa oneae cno+a? 3to sasucut ot speneuu roqa. / eoo(e?
8ooae cnou oneae nyxu.
/e us atux rpunepos qoctato+uo cuo suquo, +to y oneuoro ue sosuuraet rotpeuoctu s rouunauuu, eneuarpasneuua
qeteneuocte saneaaetc aanouuMn sepaneuMn roseqeuuen, scneqctsue +ero stopu+uo sosuurakt qeertM rouunauu, rotopMe
nerro cuunaktc rpoctou artususaueu u roueutpaueu suunauu ua saqauuu.
VatepuanM arcrepuneuta rorasanu, +to roqouMe stopu+uMe uapyaeuu rouunauu sua+euuu noruro-
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu oM+uo unekt necto rpu naccusuMx ropaeuux nouMx onacteu nosra, a
tare u rpu ropaeuux rpepoutaneuMx otqenos. 3tu uapyaeuu stopu+uM u snktc cneqctsuen
qeertos s sseue eneuarpasneuuoctu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, a tare u s anououaneuo-sonesou
cepe u nu+uoctu. pu oprauusauu suunauu u roseqeuu oneuMx un ctauosutc qoctyruMn rouunauue
cnouMx rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu.
lpyoe uapyaeuue rouunauu sepaneuou uuopnauu y scex oneuMx atou rpyrrM Mno ouapyeuo so II
cepuu orMtos, s rotopou uccneqosanoce rouunauue terctos, rpeqsnsauxc s ruceneuuou u s yctuou
opne. TerctM Mnu rpoctMe ro coqepauuk (es roqtercta) u cnouMe (c roqtercton), ropotrue u qnuuuMe.
8 repsou +actu orMtos oneuMe qonuM Mnu repecrasate saqauuMu terct, so stopou sMpate uyuyk
cketuyk raptuury r qauuony tercty. Kaptuuru roqupanuce pasuMe ro cnMcny u coqepauuk, uo s uux
unenuce oquu unu qsa oaux uarnquMx uecyaectseuuMx aneneuta. 3tot orMt Mn saqynau rar rposou-
pykauu, unu rounurtuMu.
Auanus natepuana II cepuu orMtos rorasan cneqykaee: y scex oneuMx orasanoce uapyaeuuMn rouunauue
cnMcna terctos rpu repsu+uou coxpauuoctu rouunauu artu+ecroro coqepauu paccrasa. 8 cny+ae onee
rpyoro uapyaeuu nu+uoctu, notusos u rotpeuocteu nM rony+unu natepuan, csuqetenectsykauu o sto-
pu+uon snuuuu uerouunauu cnMcna tercta ua ucraeuue rouunauu artu+ecroro coqepauu tercta
(oneuou K.)- 1opna rpeqsneuu tercta (yctuo unu ruceneuuo) ue urpana uurarou ponu.
Cneqyet otnetute, +to uu qnuua tercta, uu ero rpannatu+ecra ctpyrtypa ue orasMsanu otpuateneuoro
snuuu ua rouunauue. ouunauue terctos (es roqtercta) uesasucuno ot yrasauuMx artopos Mno
rpasuneuMn. Tpyquoctu rouunauu sosuuranu tonero s cny+ae terctos c roqtercton (qae ecnu terctM Mnu
ropotrue u rpoctMe ro rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtype).
puseqen rpunepM.
6oneua E. (uct. onesuu N 48642), 54 net, rpoeccop usuru, orepuposaua ro rosoqy auespusnM cyrparnuuouquou +actu rpasou
suytpeuueu couuou aptepuu (rpousseqeuo rnuruposauue aeuru auespusnM).
8ce saqauu s repsou cepuu orMtos oneua sMronuuna rpasuneuo, -+to csuqetenectsyet o coxpauuoctu rouunauu pe+u ua
nuursuctu+ecron yposue. Terct es roqtercta luesqo qtna (cn. c. 129) rout oneuou ronuoctek u rpasuneuo oeueu cnMcn. le
pasopu ruesqa rtu, ten onee +to qten u qpyrue rtuM o+eue ronesuM s necy. Poqutenu saauaakt csoux nteuou.
0eura cnMcna, nopanu cneqykaero, onee cnouoro tercta oneuou orasanace ueqoctyruou.
eperenra u reperenta
Vyuru rocunu nyr, ua rotopon Mno ruesqo reperenru. 0ua rpunetena r ruesqy c ropnon u ysuqena, +to sorpyr sce oroaeua. losoput
oua reperentan: ly, qetru, eqa rpuana. Terepe cuqute u non+ute, ue aesenutece, a to rporaqete, se+epon yseqy sac otckqa.
A reperenta, paqosanuce, +to ua nyry ctano csetnee, u rosopunu: Vate ctapa, ottoro u ue xo+et, +toM nM secenunuce. | ctanu
aynete, csuctete. Peta rpuuecnu nyuran oeq, ycnMaanu reperent u rounanu ux.
CnMcn atoro paccrasa oneua copnynuposana cneqykaun opason: le pasopu rtu, ue yusau rteuos, rar y repsoro paccrasa.
lac sauutepecosan sorpoc o ponu sMpasuteneuou ctopouM pe+u s rouunauuu cnMcna y oneuMx c nouMn-
cuuqponon. C atou enek terctM rpeqsnnuce oneuMn c roq+epruytou uutouaueu, u +teuue
corposoqanoce sMpasuteneuMnu qsueuunu pyr u nunurou nua. 8 qpyrux orMtax terctM rpeqsnnuce
es .suaros rperuuauu u es sMqeneuu coctasnkaux terct rpeqnoeuuu. 6oneuMe u s atux ycnosux
orasanuce ecronoauMnu: cnMcn paccrasos octasanc un ueqoctyruMn.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou E. sMpasuteneuo +utaetc tot e terct eperenra u reperenta. 6oneua: 0t saaeu aptuctu+uoctu paccras nuoro
sMurpan. ,F sce rouna. 3 vev cvecn? 8ce routuo. Kaqoe cnoso pacrpMsaet cnMcn. 8necto rpatroro opnynuposauu cnMcna
oneua cussa ronuoctek repecrasana coqepauue paccrasa. / e vev e cvecn pacc|asa, eco vopane? F e u rosopk, nyuru rocunu
nyr, a tan ruesqo rtuM. eperenra rpunetena r ruesqy ropnute rteuos, uy u sot u roropnuna. lnasuoe, +toM nate ue saMsana
rteuos.^
8 orMte c terctanu, uarucauuMnu es suaros rperuuauu u es pasqeneuu ua rpeqnoeuu, nM rony+unu
uutepecuMe qauuMe. 6oneuMe nornu rpasuneuo rpoctasute otcytctsykaue suaru rperuuauu u otqenute
oquo rpeqnoeuue ot qpyroro, uo ato ue crococtsosano rouunauuk cnMcna tercta s enon.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou, rpasuneuo pacctasus suaru rperuuauu s tercte es u nMara (cn. c. 84), repeqaet coqepauue cneqykaun opason: es
u nMara, nes roqpy-
unc c nMarou... to+uee, ou ner ua recor u roqpyunc c nMarou. VMara tan rena, rncana u ocsooquna nesa.
8aqauue pasqenute terct ua cnMcnosMe +actu oneuMn orasanoce ronuoctek ueqoctyruMn: ouu pasqenunu
terct ua otqeneuMe rpeqnoeuu.
Tarun opason, s repsMx qsyx cepux orMtos, s rotopMx uccneqosanoce rouunauue pe+u, nM rony+unu
natepuan, roqtsepqakauu uaae ucxoquoe rpeqronoeuue o repsu+uou coxpauuoctu nuursuctu+ecroro
yposu rouunauu u uapyaeuuu rcuxonoru+ecroro rouunauu cnMcna sepaneuou uuopnauu. 3tu qeertM
ocoeuuo +etro rposunuce s orMtax ua rouunauue tercta: rouuna artu+ecryk ctopouy tercta, oneuMe
ouapyusanu ronuyk uecoctoteneuocte s rouunauuu cnMcna (unu nopanu). lapyaeuue rcuxonoru+ecroro
yposu rouunauu s uerotopMx cny+ax stopu+uo orasMsano ueratusuoe snuuue ua ero nuursuctu+ecruu
yposeue.
ony+euuMu uanu arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan qaet sce ocuosauu cqenate sMsoq o repsu+uon uapyaeuuu
rouunauu sepaneuoro natepuana us-sa qeertos sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu. 8 canon qene, qn
toro +toM route terct, ero roqterct u cnMcn, ueqoctato+uo coxpauuoctu pevu |a| cpedcmea |ovv,+u|a(uu,
+eoxoduva coxpa++ocme pevu |a| cpedcmea nos+aeamene+ou u npede ececo u+menne|m,ane+ou
de+mene+ocmu. | sqece ueoxoquna coxpauuocte rouunauu ue tonero rpeqnetuoro, uo u ooaeuuoro, act-
partuoro sua+euu cnos, c oquou ctopouM, u rouunauu ux cnMcna c qpyrou. |neuuo atu rapanetpM pe+u u
ee rouunauu orasanuce uapyaeuuMnu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra. lo rnasuMu artop qeerta
rouunauu ooaeuuoro cnMcna terctos u ussne+euu us uux nopanu nean s sseue artusuoctu u eneua-
rpasneuuoctu qeteneuoctu, a tare s auanuturo-cuutetu+ecron sseue s ctpyrtype qeteneuoctu atux
oneuMx.
Tarun opason, ronyqeuuMe qauuMe rosopt o +ap,ae+uu no+uva+u+ pevu rar coctasuou +actu sepaneuo-
noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu nopae+u+x no+ex cucmev vosca.
8 III cepuu orMtos nM ouapyunu to e qpo ratonoruu, rotopoe rposunoce s rpeqMqyaux sepaneuMx
orMtax ro uccneqosauuk rouunauu pe+u u sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu. 8qece, tar e rar u s orMtax c
terctanu, +etro rposunuce qeertM opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu, usupateneuoctu
rpu socrputuu cketuMx raptuuor, otcytctsue auanutu+ecrou qeteneuoctu, uapyaeuue orepauu
cpasueuu u ooaeuu, uecrocouocte oneuMx r sMqeneuuk cyaectseuuMx u otsne+euuk ot ue-
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros.
Coqepauue cketuMx raptuuor es roqtercta rpasuneuo oeuusanoce u repecrasMsanoce oneuMnu; te e
cketuMe raptuuru, s rotopMx unenc crpMtMu cnMcn u coqepauue rotopMx nouo route, nuae rpoqenas
pq opueutuposo+uMx u auanuturo-cuute-tu+ecrux qeuctsuu, orasMsanuce ueqoctyruMnu uaaun oneuMn.
puseqen rpunepM.
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Puc. 6. 8. l. epos.* /torneuuua.
peqsnetc raptuua V. . Knoqta ocnequ secua. (la atou raptuue usopaeua cnepteneuo oneua qesyara, oqeta s enoe
rnatee u cuqaa s rpecne, s roqyarax, oua cnotput s oruo, sa rotopMn setet secua.) 6oneuou K.: 8qece uapucosaua qesyara. 0ua
sMxoqut sany... sa roro, ue suak. (6enoe rnatee qesyaru parneut, ua ocuose rotoporo qenaetc sarnk+euue, +to ato uesecta) . A-
a, sot euux ctout (yrasMsaet ua qesyary y orua). oqnuuuMu auanus sanetaetc roo+uMnu accouaunu, sosuurakaunu ua
ocuose parneutapuoro socrputu.
peqsnetc raptuua 8. l. eposa /torneuuua. (Xeuauua-ytorneuuua neut ua uaepeuou peru. Ee tonero +to sMtaaunu us
soqM, y uee norpMe sonocM. la pere noqra. 0rono ctopoesou yqru cuqut ctopo, rotopMu ctopout teno.) 6oneuou: eno s ton,
+to sqece cuqut ctapur u ryput tpyry, a sqece neut euauua. Kyqa-to oua rorana, roq roneca, +to nu? 8ce.
6oneua E. (ro raptuue /torneuuua): 3to, cyq ro sceny, etporasnoscra rperocte. 8qece yutMu ny+uua, noet Mte, nouax
(yrasMsaet ua ytorneuuuy). /uuctso tyt rpousoano. ya rposu (rorasMsaet ua sonocM), repeuta uora. 8ot tyt ot, noet Mte,
xo+et sapate ero u rouM s soqy.
6oneua ue rouna uu coqepauu, uu cnMcna aptuuM. 8osuuraa yctauosra orasanace uactonero uueptuou, +to roqcrasra u
uasoqaue sorpocM ue rpusenu r uyuony aerty.
*
8 orMtax, s rotopMx rpeqsnnuce rapM (unu tpouru u t. q.) raptuuor, coctasneuuMx ro yrasauuMn s
netoqure ocuosauun, oneuMe atou rpyrrM, s otnu+ue ot oneuMx c aasueu, ouapyunu uauonee rpyMe
qeertM, rosopaue o rpyon uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, rpeqe scero uarnquo-opasuoro
nManeuu.
pu rpeqsneuuu rapuMx raptuuor oeura ux cnMcna tpeyet ot oneuoro cpasueuu, sMqeneuu
cyaectseuuoro u otsne+euu ot uecyaectseuuMx aneneutos unu +acteu raptuuM. |neuuo rpartu+ecroe
otcytctsue atux nMcnuteneuMx orepauu u ux saneaeuue uerocpeqctseuuMn ysuasauuen cketa raptuu ua
ocuose nuo sMxsa-
+euuMx s socrputuu otqeneuMx parneutos, nuo uueptuoro repeuoca coqepauu oquou raptuuM ua qpyryk
(oneua E.) xapartepuo qn oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx sou nosra. puseqen npueps.
6oneuMn Mnu rpeqsneuM qse raptuuM (ocnequ secua V. . Knoqta u lataaa Poctosa y orua), unekaue sueauee
cxoqctso, uo rpotusoronouMu cnMcn (ua oeux raptuuax nonoqMe qesyaru, oqetMe s enoe, cuqaue y orua). VM cqenanu rorMtry
ycuute pone sueauero uecyaectseuuoro ctunyna s oeure cnMcna.
3rcrepuneutatop: 3mo pas+ee |apmu+e. 3 vev , +ux o(ee u e vev pas+u(a? 6oneua E, (qauuMe uctopuu onesuu cn. sMae) rpu
oeure cnMcna raqou raptuuM uueptuo repeuocut cket oquou raptuuM, ua qpyryk. 6oneua qesyara, orono uee nate. Tan ote...
eceqykt, a tyt qesyara ye rorpasnetc, y uee rona uora, oua ctout ua coe. 6oneua ue qenaet qae rorMtor rpouuruyte s
cnMcn; anououaneuMu ou, +ysctsa, nMcnu, otuoaeuu qeuctsykaux nu u csoe coctseuuoe otuoaeuue ek ue pacrpMsaktc.
ovev, 3e cvumaeme, vmo +a oeux |apmu+|ax one+a+ dee,a|a? A rar e... uo+uMe pyaaru, roqyaru. lo eede sdece +em
nod,ae| (lataaa Poctosa...). lo seqe oua y orua, roatony u uet roqyaer. Voem eme, amo coecev pas+ee |apmu+e? Koue+uo!
3ta oneua, a ata rorpasnetc.
6oneuou 0. (uct. onesuu N 68668), 21 roqa, cautexuur, ratoauatonu+ecruu quaruos: suytpunosrosa on,xone neeou no+ou donu, ua
saqauue oeuute cnMcn oeux raptuuor ua+uuaet qetaneuo repe+ucnte sce, +to uapucosauo ua raptuue (ocnequ secua).
Vy+uua unu euauua ctout unu neut, a ato qse euauuM. 8qece rpecno, qse uoru, a ato qusau unu pone. / e vev sdece deno?
Kara-to sctpe+a, unu oua saonena, unu seu+ate ee coupaktc. o noeny coopaeuuk, oua saonena. A ato +to e? (Kaptuua
lataaa Poctosa...) 0ua, suquo, ocu+ron. 3to roqorouuur, ato py+ra, atun otrpMsaetc pana. po oroaro crasan, rpo roqorouuur
crasan, ceu+ac rpuctyrun r atony (yrasMsaet ua cton). Cton, cse+ra, ato tetpaqe unu ruura... | t. q. 0quu, qsa, tpu ranea (c+utaet
raneM ua uore y lataau Poctosou). o tpu ranea ue Msaet. ocvompume e+uvamene+o u c|aume, vmo npoucxodum, uve++o
npoucxodum +a nepeou |apmu+e. ly, sot oneua qesyara. mo o+a denaem? Cnotput s oruo. / sa o|+ov vmo? ly, qepese... n
vmo amo s+avum, e vev cvecn amou |apmu+e? 3to sua+ut oneet, xa-xa! / +a emopou |apmu+e vmo npoucxodum? lu+ero ue
rpoucxoqut. mo +apucoea+o? esyara c ronou uorou. D+a .vmo, moe oneem? let, qynak, oua sqoposa. mo o(eco ,
amux de,x"'|apmu+? let oaero. / pas+u(a ecme? Pasuua ecte: sqece oquu +enoser, a sqece +etMpe, uet, rte. / e(e e vev?
8qece uaseaakt oneuyk, a sqece oua uankqaet s oroaro.
VM suqun, +to y oneuoro rpoqyrtusua auanuturo-cuutetu-+ecra qeteneuocte saneaeua rpoctMn
repe+ucneuuen qetaneu, rotopMe ou ue coroctasnet, ue auanusupyet s oaen routercte. 0prauusau
qeteneuoctu oneuoro c ronoaek sorpocos seqet r rpasuneuou oeure cketa raptuu, uo ue r rouunauuk
ux cnMcna.
leqoctyruou orasanace oneuMn u oeura cnMcna cepuu kose (cn. puc. 5). / oneuoro K. rpu oeure u
cketa, cnMcna raptuuor sosuuranu uecyaectseuuMe roo+uMe accouauu, ou urcuposan suunauue ua
cny+auuMx uecyaectseuuMx qetanx raptuu.
puseqen rpunep.
3rcrepuneutatop: mo o(eco e amux vemepex |apmu+|ax? 0aee, ro-noeny, ecte. mo? To, +to roroqa sqece so scex onee unu
neuee yctou+usa ctout. mo o(ee e codepa+uu u cvecne |apmu+o|? 8 cnMcne oaee to, +to... ceu+ac cray... nonoqa rapa. 3
vev pas+u(a? +to sesqe ouu s pasuMx octauosrax. 8qece s ronuate (2), tan ua nocture (1), ouu ua ra+anre (3), a ato sooae
uero-
utuo rqe. 3ce? 8esqe rapM, ato oaee. / o vev peve-mo sdece udem? ly... ato... sqece ra+aktc, tyt ctot... ua nocture, tyt...
Tarun opason, auanus natepuana orMtos, s rotopMx uccneqosanoce rouunauue y oneuMx c ropaeuuen
nouMx cucten nosra, qaet ocuosauue qn cneqykaux sMsoqos.
/ atou rpyrrM oneuMx uapyaeuo rouunauue scrou uuopnauu u sepaneuou, u uesepaneuou, s ocuose
rotoporo neut ratonoru uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s enon, rpeqe scero ee opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecrou ctopouM. n
peunyaectseuuo u repsu+uo ctpaqaet rcuxonoru+ecruu yposeue rouunauu. 8ce uccneqosauuMe uanu
oneuMe ouapyunu uerouunauue cnMcna, roqtercta cooaaenou uuopnauu. pasuneuoe rouunauue
coqepauu tercta unu cketuou raptuuru corposoqanoce espasnu+uMn otuoaeuuen r coqepauuk, r
anououaneuony ouy. 8 paotax pqa uccneqosateneu sMqsuuyto rpeqronoeuue, +to uocutenen cnMcna
snetc uutouauouuo-nunu+ecruu ronroueut yctuou pe+u, rotopMu nMcneuuo socrpoussoqutc u rpu
+teuuu. lerocpeqctseuuMnu uocutennu cnMcna s ruceneuuon tercte ro atou rurotese snktc suaru
rperuuauu. 8 uaaen arcrepuneute oneuMe c nouMn cuuqponon rposnnu espasnu+uoe otuoaeuue r
atun ronroueutan rouunauu.
uursuctu+ecruu yposeue rouunauu sa c+et.coxpauuoctu scex oecre+usakaux ero sseuees
(ouenatu+ecruu cnyx, cnyxo-pe+esa rante, rouunauue sua+euuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu) y
oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon repsu+uo ue uapyaeu. 0quaro scneqctsue toro, +to nuursuctu+ecruu u
rcuxonoru+ecruu yposuu rouunauu ssaunoqeuctsykt u ssaunooycnosnusakt qpyr qpyra, rpyoe uapyaeuue
rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu rouunauu noet rpusectu r stopu+uony uapyaeuuk nuursuctu+ecroro yposu.
4. 06C/XEl|E PE8/bTAT08 |CCE08Al|F
Cua+ana paccnotpun arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan c to+ru speuu uapyaeuu nuursuctu+ecroro u
rcuxonoru+ecroro yposueu rouunauu, a tare rorMtaenc oosua+ate rcuxonoru+ecrue nexauusnM qeertos
rouunauu rpu pasuMx noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.
ony+euuMu uanu arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan roqtsepqaet cyaectsykaee s cospeneuuou rcuxonoruu u
rcuxonuursucture ronoeuue o nuoroyposuesou ctpyrtype rpoecca rouunauu pe+u u o uanu+uu ro rpauueu
nepe qsyx yposueu s, ero ctpyrtype, unu, ro . C. 8Mrotcrony, qsyx rnauos, nuursuctu+ecroro u rcuxo-
noru+ecroro.
8 oeux arcrepuneutaneuMx rpyrrax oneuMx nM uankqanu uapyaeuue rouunauu pe+esoro cooaeuu,
oquaro ctpyrtypa u nexauusnM atoro qeerta orasanuce pasnu+uMnu s sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu
nosra. lapyaeuue rouunauu pe+u, sosuurakaee rpu ropaeuuu aepe+m+ex cucmev vosca u uqyaee s
cuu-
qpone aasuu, rposnetc s qeertax rouunauu artu+ecroro coqepauu cooaeuu. cuxonoru+ecruu
yposeue repsu+uo ue uapyaaetc, uo noet orasatec qeertuMn stopu+uo, scneqctsue rpyoro uapyaeuu
nuursuctu+ecroro yposu s ctpyrtype rouunauu pe+u. lapyaeuue rouunauu pe+u s atux cny+ax rpoteraet
ua oue coxpauuou nu+uoctu u roseqeuu oneuMx.
cuxonoru+ecrun nexauusnon uapyaeuu rouunauu pe+u rpu ropaeuuu sad+ux omdenoe vosca s oquux
cny+ax snktc qeertM s sseue ssyropasnu+euu, s qpyrux s sseue oena aryctu+ecroro socrputu, s
tpeteux s sseue repeauposru noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ua equuuM sua+euu, t. e. s ratonoruu
coctseuuo pe+esoro rpoecca. +to racaetc rouunauu rar coctasuou +actu pe+esoro nManeuu, to
repsu+uo ouo ue uapyaaetc. 6onee toro, coxpauuocte rouunauu cnMcna crococtsyet ronreucauu
qeertos rouunauu pe+u. 3tu qauuMe rony+unu roqtsepqeuue s orMtax c uarnquo-opasuou opnou
nManeuu, rotopoe Mno coxpauuo y atou rpyrrM oneuMx.
opaeuue no+ex cucmev vosca, rar rorasanu uaau orMtM, toe seqet r uapyaeuuk rouunauu
sepaneuMx cooaeuuu, oquaro atu qeertM rposnnuce rpeunyaectseuuo ua yposue rouunauu cnMcna
cooaeuu (roqtercta, nopanu paccrasos). 8 cny+ax rpyoro nouoro cuuqpona orasMsanc uapyaeuuMn u
nuursuctu+ecruu yposeue, qeertM rotoporo rposnnuce s ueronuon unu ucraeuuon rouunauuu
artu+ecroro coqepauu cooaeuu (rpu coxpauuoctu rouunauu sua+euuu otqeneuMx cnos u rpeqnoeuuu).
pu rouunauuu +you pe+u, rucan . C. 8Mrotcruu, scerqa orasMsaetc ueqoctato+uMn rouunauue
tonero oquux cnos, uo ue nMcnu coecequura
1
. 0u rorasan, +to s yctauosneuuu otuoaeuuu, sMqeneuuu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
sauoro, s repexoqe ot otqeneuMx aneneutos r cnMcny enoro u sarnk+aetc tot rpoec'c, rotopMu
uasMsaetc oM+uo rouunauuen. |neuuo atot rpoecc ocosuauuoro auanusa tercta, sMqeneuu
cyaectseuuoro, otsne+euu ot uecyaectseuuoro, opnynuposauu rponenM, saqa+ rpu rouunauuu tercta,
roucru u yctauosneuue rpu+uuuo-cneqctseuuMx csseu suytpu tercta u -t. q.-sce atu rcuxonoru+ecrue
orepauu uapyaaktc rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra. lapyaeuue rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu rouunauu
xapartepuo ue tonero qn sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu, uo u qn qpyrux ero opn.
0rMtM rorasanu, +to qeertM rouunauu pe+u s aton cny+ae sMxoqt sa panru uapyaeuu pe+esoro
rpoecca u sxoqt s ctpyrtypy auonanuu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu s enon. la ato yrasanu orMtM c
pasqeneuuen tercta ua cnMcnosMe +actu, s rotopMx oneuMe qenunu terct ua otqeneuMe rpeqnoeuu, uo
Mnu uecrocouM r sMqeneuuk cnMcnosMx +acteu tercta. 3to roqtsepqaetc u s orMtax c sMrnk+euuen
sMpasuteneuMx ronroueutos pe+u (uutouauu, suaros rperuuauu u t. q.), s rotopMx ouapyunoce otcyt-
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V.. 1982. - T. 2. C. 358.
ctsue snuuu atux ronroueutos pe+u ua ee rouunauue rpu ropaeuux nouMx sou nosra. Xopoao ussectuo,
+to uutouau qenaet pe+e ronnyuuratusuo sarou+euuou u +to oua orocpeqyet socrputue u rouunauue pe+u.
8 orMtax c rouunauuen uesepaneuoro natepuana (cketuMe raptuuru) nM rony+unu rpuuuruaneuo te e
qauuMe, +to u s orMtax c pe+esMnu cooaeuunu: oneuMe stopou rpyrrM orasanuce uecrocouMnu r
rouunauuk cnMcna uesepaneuoro natepuana rpu ycnosuu rouunauu artu+ecroro coqepauu raptuuor.
0coeuuo +etro ato rposunoce s orMtax c rapanu (tpouranu) sueaue cxoquMx raptuuor, coctasneuuMx ro
rpuuury pasnu+uMx- co+etauuu cxoqctsa u pasnu+u ux sua+euu u cnMcna, +to cosqasano sueauee rone,
tonero suytpu rotoporo u paotanu atu oneuMe.
eutpaneuMu nexauusn uapyaeuu rouunauu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra u s cnosecuo-
noru+ecron, u s uarnquo-opasuon suqax nManeuu oquu u tot e ato uapyaeuue sM+neueuu
cyaectseuuMx cnMcnosMx eutpos u otsne+euu ot uecyaectseuuMx aneneutos unu parneutos ctunyna,
uecrocouocte sMutu us sueauero ron socrputu u repeutu r auanusy u cuutesy suytpeuuux rpu+uuuo-
cneqctseuuMx ssaunocsseu, rotopMe seqyt r rouunauuk cnMcna.
6oneuMe e c nouMn cuuqponon rar pas u.ue cnornu sMutu us sueauero ron socrputu, tar rar y uux
orasanace uapyaeuuou opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte, roqxoq r natepuany rar r
rponene, uyqakaeuc s peaeuuu. 0uu ouapyunu uecrocouocte ycnotpeuu rponenuou cutyauu u
saneuunu rponeny rpoctMn rosepxuoctuMn socrputuen, +acto parneutapuMn unu qae roaneneutuMn.
lap,ae+ue no+uva+u+ cvecna, sosuurakaee rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra, ato u ecte ta |nemov|a,
rotopa snetc o(eu |a| dn+ ux eepane+ou, ma| u +eeepane+ou vecnumene+ou de+mene+ocmu. Ecnu
sepuytec r rpeqronoeuun X. Knapr u E. Knapr o qsyx suqax ctpateruu rouunauu, to uaa natepuan
rorasan, +to rpu ropaeuuu no+ex omdenoe vosca uapyaaetc ceva+muvec|a+ cmpamecu+ no+uva+u+,
seqyaa ot rouunauu oaero cnMcna r rouunauuk rourpetuMx aneneutos. VM xotenu M qoasute r atony,
+to sarau+usaetc ata ctpateru cuosa rouunauuen cnMcna, uo ye onee sMcororo yposuooaeuu.
ouunauue atux cnMcnos (uusroro u onee sMcororo yposu) u uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuuu nouMx otqenos
nosra u octaetc coxpauuMn;-y oneuMx c ropaeuunu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra.
Paccnotpes ctpyrtypuMe uapyaeuu rouunauu, rpatro rpoauanusupyen rouunauue tercta c to+ru
speuu.coqepauu rpoecca rouunauu u ero nurporeuesa. Cua+ana octauosunc ua uapyaeuuu coqepauu
u nuuuu passutu rpoecca rouunauu. 8Mae nM rucanu (rn. I), +to rouunauue tercta snetc cnouMn
rpoeccon, otnu+akaunc ot rouunauu cnos u pas. poauanusuposate terct, rar u otqeneuyk pasy,
sua+ut rpeqe scero sMcuute
to, o vev u vmo uneuuo rosoputc s uen. | ecnu ro otuoaeuuk r otqeneuony rpeqnoeuuk ata saqa+a
peaaetc oM+uo qosoneuo rpocto, to rpu repexoqe r tercty oua pesro ycnouetc. 8 uopne rpu +teuuu
tercta cyert ucrMtMsaet rotpeuocte route ue tonero coqepauue, uo u cnMcn tercta, qn atoro ou
ctapaetc, ue scerqa ocosuauuo, uautu crpMtMe s tercte sorpocM u otsetute ua uux.
ene +utaten coctout oM+uo s rouunauuu orucauuMx artos, coMtuu, sneuuu, a tare ux rpu+uuuo-
cneqctseuuMx csseu, +aae scero ue sMpaeuuMx s tercte suo. 3tu cssu u sMpaakt coctseuuo
roqnuuuoe coqepauue tercta, ouu u orpeqenkt ero cnMcn qn +utaten. Tonero auaneuMe terctM
rouunaktc nerro, uo +aae scero rouunauue tercta repepactaet s canoctoteneuyk nMcnuteneuyk saqa+y,
rotopyk ueoxoquno peaute, +toM route terct.
8auyk pone s rouunauuu tercta nuorue uccneqosatenu otsoqt rpoeccan eneopasosauu. PasuMe
rosuasateneuMe enu qeteneuoctu crococtsykt orycuposauuk suunauu ua pasnu+uMx acrertax
rouunauu +utaenoro. 8auMn rpeqctasnetc tare u rpeopasosauue eneu s xoqe qeteneuoctu:
ronuoeuuocte rouunauu sasucut ue tonero ot tou enu, c rotopou cyert rpuctyrun r +teuuk, uo u ot toro,
rar oua rpeopasyetc s rpoecce qeteneuoctu.
Ecnu rpoauanusuposate c atou to+ru speuu rpoterauue rpoecca rouunauu tercta oneuMnu c
ropaeuunu teneuuo-satMno+uMx u nouMx otqenos nosra, to nouo yequtec s ton, +to u sqece y uux
unekt necto +etrue pasnu+u. / oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra coxpauuo
uneuuo ato uutennertyaneuoe +ysctso eneuoctu tercta, +ysctso csoeopasuoro ero rouunauu. 0uu c canoro
ua+ana *s passepuytoro auanusa cxsatMsakt oauu cnMcn tercta, a rocne atoro rpuctyrakt r ocosuauuou
artusuou auanutu+ecrou qeteneuoctu; s rpoecce qeteneuoctu ouu ctast saqa+u, rocneqosateneuo
opnynupykt sorpocM, qenakt rorMtru uautu crpMtMe cssu neqy cyertanu (oertanu, sneuunu)
tercta u t. q., +to yrasMsaet ua coxpauuocte y atou rpyrrMoneuMx rpoeccos eneopasosauu.
Coscen qpyra raptuua rpoterauu rpoecca rouunauu tercta y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten
nosra, rotopMe ouapyusakt otcytctsue rpoecca eneopasosauu. 6oneuMe ue ctast saqa+u, ue
opnynupykt sorpocos, a cpasy rpuctyrakt r repecrasy tercta, rpu+en nuae ero anrupu+ecrou ctopouM, y
uux otcytctsyet u uutennertyaneuoe +ysctso rouunauu toro, +to sot-sot uactyrut ronuoe u rnyoroe
rouunauue rpo+utauuoro, otrpoktc rpu+uuuo-cneqctseuuMe cssu s tercte. 3ta rpyrra oneuMx ue qenaet
qae rorMtor auanusa tercta, roctauosru rocneqosateneuMx saqa+, +to rosoput o uapyaeuuu nu+uoctuoro
ronroueuta s ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. ae ecnu oneuMn atou rpyrrM orasate ronoae
uarpasute ux suunauue ua ueoxo-
4 -).,. OI.J
qunocte opnynuposauu sorpocos, uyuMx qn rouunauu tercta, u rono+e un s aton, to ouu u s atux
ycnosux ue rpuxoqt r ronuony u rnyorony rouunauuk tercta. 3tu artM csuqetenectsykt o repsu+uon
uapyaeuuu rouunauu rar coctasuou +actu sepaneuoro u uarnquo-opasuoro nManeuu opn. pu
ropaeuuu ronkca u saque-nouMx otqenos nosra uepeqro atu cunrtonM sMrnqt rar euoneu
uutennertyaneuou raccusuoctu, s ocuose rotopou neat nexauusnM uapyaeuu uosaouuo-
nope6uocuo cepM nu+uoctu u eneopasosauu.
Vurporeues rpoecca rouunauu xapartepusyetc uapyaeuuen uerotopMx ero ctaquu, ua rotopMx s uopne
rpoucxoqut opnuposauue ma|ux |avecme no+uva+u+, |a| ade|eam+ocme, non+oma, cn,u+a u mov+ocme.
6oneuMe c ropaeuuen eueu uo-iasnouusx otqenos nosra qenouctpupykt ctaquu rpoecca, nusrue r
uopne. la repsou ctaquu y oneuMx yctauasnusaetc rouunauue tercta rar enoro opasosauu, y uux
opnupyetc uutennertyaneuoe +ysctso rouunauu unu rouunauue cnMcna repsu+uoro, onee uusroro
yposu ooaeuu. la atou ctaquu peanusyetc taroe ra+ectso rouunauu, rar ade|eam+ocme (uo eae
otcytctsykt rnyuua, ronuota, to+uocte). la stopou ctaquu oneuMe sMqenkt otqeneuMe +actu tercta c
enek" non+ome u cn,u+e rouunauu scero tercta. la tpeteeu ctaquu (rotopa otcytctsyet s uopne) ata
rpyrra oneuMx artusuo paotaet uaq repeauposrou rouunauuen otqeneuMx rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu c enek yto+ueuu u yrnyneuu csoux suauuu tercta, ero rouunauu. la +etseptou ctaquu
oneuMe uuterpupykt rony+euuMe suauu u sMqeneuuMe aneneutM u +actu tercta s oquo enoe.
8qece'peanusyktc sce ra+ectsa rouunauu, uo rnasuMn opason mov+ocme u cn,u+a. la atou ctaquu
sosuuraet rouunauue' cnMcna onee sMcororo yposu ooaeuu.
/ atou rpyrrM oneuMx uapyaaktc rpeunyaectseuuo stopa u tpete ctaquu rpoecca, ocoeuuo rpyo
tpete, uo ouu canoctoteneuo crpasnktc c tpyquoctnu.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten repsu+uo uapyaaktc repsa, stopa u +etsepta ctaquu, s to
spen rar tpete coxpauua. 8 pesynetate y uux noryt Mte uapyaeuM sce ra+ectsa rouunauu ronuota,
rnyuua, .to+uocte, a uepeqro u aqersatuocte. onuoeuuoe rouunauue saneaaetc y uux rosepxuoctuMn,
ueronuMn u ueto+uMn rouunauuen artu+ecroro coqepauu tercta; rouunauue cnMcna uapyaaetc
ronuoctek - rapuusuoro, tar u onee sMcororo yposu ooaeuu.
lnaea III. hAPYUEhhE h 066TAh0EhhE
PEUEhhP APh4HETh+E6KhX 3AA+
1. P06EVA | VET0|KA |CCE08Al|F
0quun us ny+aux netoqos oertusuoro uccneqosauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu snetc auanus
peaeuu rpoctMx apunetu+ecrux saqa+, ctpyrtypa u rpoecc peaeuu rotopMx rpeqctasnkt rotosyk
noqene uutennertyaneuoro arta. VM ye unenu sosnouocte qate auanus arcrepuneutaneuoro natepuana ro
uapyaeuuk uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s rpoecce peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+, rony+euuoro s
cosnectuou uccneqosatenecrou paote c A. P. ypueu, u orynurosate pesynetatM s pqe cosnectuMx ctateu
u nouorpauu
1
. 8 qauuou rnase nM nuae rocuenc ocuosuMx ronoeuuu u sMsoqos, cqenauuMx uanu ua
ocuose atou arcrepuneutaneuou paotM. 8 qaneueuaen astopon cosnectuo c y+euuranu Mna rpoqoneua
paspaotra atou tenM.
ka apunetu+ecra saqa+a srnk+aet ocuosuou sorpoc, otset ua rotopMu snetc peaeuuen saqa+u.
3tot sorpoc qaetc s orpeqeneuuMx ycnosux, rotopMe ueoxoquno roqsepruyte rpeqsaputeneuony auanusy,
+toM rony+ute qoctato+uyk uuopnauk o noru+ecrux u natenatu+ecrux cssx u otuoaeuux, cop-
nynuposauuMx s saqa+e. 3to "qocturaetc s xoqe opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu. la
ocuose rony+euuMx qauuMx peaakauu noet u qoneu roctpoute oayk cxeny unu passepuytMu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
coqepateneuMu rnau peaeuu saqa+u, u tonero rocne atoro ou repexoqut r roucry rourpetuMx
apunetu+ecrux orepauu, cootsetctsykaux cosqauuony rnauy.
Coctasneuue oaeu cxenM unu coqepateneuoro passepuytoro rnaua peaeuu saqa+u sasucut ot nuorux
artopos: a) ctereuu cnouoctu saqa+u; ) ctereuu astonatusuposauuoctu yneuu peaeuu apunetu+ecrux
saqa+ s enon unu qauuou rateropuu saqa+; s) ctereuu passutoctu nMcnuteneuMx rpoeccos; r) yposu, ua
rotopon peaaktc roqouMe saqa+u, yposeue natepuanusosauuMx passepuytMx qeuctsuu c auporun
ucronesosauuen sueaueu pe+u, yposeue corpaaeuuoro u suytpeuuero ynctseuuoro qeuctsu unu yposeue
aspuctu+ecrux .crocoos peaeuu, ua rotopon uepeqro sosuuraet tarou croco, rar uucaut, u qp.
1
Cn.: y p u A. P., s e t r o s a . C. leuporcuxonoru+ecruu auanus peaeuu saqa+.V., 1966.
poecc peaeuu saqa+u rpoteraet rpu osateneuon canoroutpone sa sMronuenMnu qeuctsunu rar ro
xoqy, tar u s roue peaeuu saqa+u. Tarun opason, rar u scra uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte, peaeuue
apunetu+ecrou saqa+u coctout us pqa cssauuMx neqy coou as: asa opueutuposru u coctasneuu
rnaua, asa rpuneueuu cuctenM rourpetuMx orepauu u, uaroue, routpon sce ato u ecte ctpyrtypuMe
ronroueutM nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca. 8 sasucunoctu ot yposu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca ou noet
coqepate sce ctpyrtypuMe ronroueutM unu Mte corpaaeuuMn ro ux coctasy.
Apunetu+ecrue saqa+u, roqopauuMe uanu, nouo pasute ua qse ocuosuMe rpyrrM. K repsou us uux
otuocunuce saqa+u, qoctato+uo rpoctMe ro noru+ecru rpeqronaraenony xoqy peaeuu; ouu Mnu qoctyruM
qn oneuMx nkoro sospacta u yposu opasosauu. Ko stopou rpyrre Mnu otueceuM tarue saqa+u, rotopMe
Mno tpyquo peaute ryten raccusuoro socrpousseqeuu csseu, sarperneuuMx s rpoanon orMte, ouu
tpeosanu artusuoro roucra rnaua peaeuu. | te, u qpyrue saqa+u ue sMxoqunu sa rpeqenM yposu tpyquoctu
saqa+ qn IIIIV rnaccos naccosou aronM.
3rcrepuneut ua+uuanc c rpeqsneuu rpoctMx saqa+ tura: 8 nactepcryk rpusesnu 47 nurosMx u 55
qyosMx qocor. Cronero qocor rpusesnu s nactepcryk? unu: la qepese cuqenu 5 sopou u 10 sopoees. 7 us
uux ynetenu. Cronero rtu octanoce ua qepese? octereuuo oneuoro repesoqunu r peaeuuk saqa+,
otuocauxc ro stopou rpyrre u xapartepusykauxc oneaeu cnouoctek noru+ecru rpeqronaraenoro xoqa
peaeuu. |s uux cua+ana qasanuce uuseptuposauuMe saqa+u, uarpunep: 8 ropsuue Mno 27 rpyruMx u 38
nenrux rpya. Korqa qetu cenu +acte rpya, to s ropsuue octanoce 47 rpya. Cronero rpya cenu qetu? 8aten
oneuMn rpeqsnnuce saqa+u, sc cnouocte rotopMx* sarnk+anace s rostopuon ucronesosauuu s
peaeuuu oquoro us qauuMx ycnosu (saqa+u c rostopuMn ucronesosauuen +euru), tura: 8ut ucrucan sa roq
27 tetpaqeu s rnetry, a tetpaqeu s nuueury ua 5 atyr oneae. Cronero tetpaqeu 8ut ucrucan? ose nM
qasanu saqa+u, eae onee cnouMe ro csoeu noru+ecrou ctpyrtype peaeuu, uarpunep: CMuy 5 net. +epes
15 net ote yqet ctapae cMua s 3 pasa. Cronero net oty ceu+ac?
poeqypa Mna cneqykaeu. 6oneuou +utan terct saqa+u, rotopyk ou qoneu Mn cua+ana rostopute, saten
usnoute yctuo oauu rnau ee peaeuu, rocne +ero sarucate'ero. o xoqy peaeuu saqa+u oneuou qoneu
Mn scnyx oocuosMsate sMronuenMe un qeuctsu. o orou+auuu peaeuu saqa+u ou canoctoteneuo
qasan oeury csoeny peaeuuk.
0ctauosunc ua rpatrou xapartepucture rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM canou apunetu+ecrou saqa+u.
Peaeuue nkou apunetu+ecrou saqa+u ua+uuaetc c +teuu unu rpocnyausauu ee tercta, rocneqykaero
rostopeuu u auanusa ycnosu. +to e sua+ut rpoauanusuposate ycnosue saqa+u?
|ssectuo, +to s saqa+e cooaaetc o rpeqnetax u sneuux, rotopMe uaxoqtc s orpeqeneuuMx
ssaunocssx u ssaunosasucunoctx; uerotopMe us uux qauM s ycnosuu rar ussectuMe, a qpyrue octaktc
ueussectuMnu. 0tset ua roue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u nouo uautu nuae rocne yctauosneuu noru+ecrux csseu
neqy cosoryruoctnu, qauuMnu s saqa+e. uae rpoqenas aty rpeqsaputeneuyk paoty, cyert noet u
qoneu rpuneuute r peaeuuk saqa+u suauu rpoanoro orMta u sMpasute sMsneuuyk noru+ecryk ctpyrtypy s
aqersatuMx natenatu+ecrux otuoaeuux.
|ssectuo, +to ycnosue saqa+u rpeqctaet repeq cyerton, sMpaeuuMn +epes pe+e s tex unu uuMx
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyrux. /cnotpeuue u sMqeneuue noru+ecrou ctpyrtypM saqa+u u natenatu+ecrux
otuoaeuuu neqy qauuMnu s ycnosuu saqa+u sosnouo nuae ua ocuose auanusa ee rpannatu+ecrou ctopouM.
8 apunetu+ecrux saqa+ax cyaectsyet orpeqeneuua, qasuo cnousaac opna usnoeuu,
xapartepusykaac corpaaeu-uoctek csoeu noruro-rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM u uerotopMx oopotos pe+u,
rotopMe rpno cssauM c orpeqeneuuMnu apunetu+ecrunu orepaunu, 8 rpoanon orMte raqoro
rpanotuoro +enosera uneetc csse rpeqnoros e u no c orepaunu ynuoeuu u qeneuu, a rpeqnora +a co
cnoeuuen u sM+utauuen. lape+u edeoe (empoe u t. q.), nopoe+, u qpyrue artyanusupykt tare qeuctsu
qeneuu unu ynuoeuu, a ytsepquteneuoe cnosoco+etauue +a cmone|o-mo oneae (unu vensme) pe6ye
cnoeuu unu sM+utauu. PassepuytMe sorpocuteneuMe rpeqnoeuu, ua+uuakauec cnosanu eo c|one|o
pas, cssauM tonero c orepaueu qeneuu, a roue+uMe sorpocM saqa+u, ua+uuakauec co cnos +a c|one|o,
oquosua+uo cssauM c sM+utauuen.
3tu aconktuMe cssu uerotopMx cnos u cnosoco+etauuu c orpeqeneuuMnu apunetu+ecrunu orepaunu
unektc s orMte raqoro rpanotuoro +enosera. lo ouu ue orpeqenkt xoqa peaeuu saqa+u, a nuae
yrasMsakt ua sosnouocte otqeneuMx parneutapuMx orepauu u cosqakt orpeqeneuuMe anetepuatusM rpu
roucre uyuMx orepauu.
lepeqro oquu u te e cnosa, a uuorqa u co+etauu cnos tpeykt pasnu+uMx apunetu+ecrux orepauu s
sasucunoctu ot routercta. oatony ronuyk uuopnauk uecyt ue otqeneuMe cnosa u oopotM, a enMe
rpeqnoeuu, us rotopMx coctout cssuMu terct saqa+u. n rpasuneuoro peaeuu saqa+u sauo uautu tot
rourpetuMu cnMcn, rotopMu ctout sa nuorosua+uMn cnoson u otrpMsaetc nuae s routercte, a saten ye
sMqenute apunetu+ecrue orepauu, cootsetctsykaue cnMcny cnos u cnosoco+etauuu, a ue ux rpnony
sua+euuk u s enon cnMcny sceu saqa+u. Tar, s saqa+e 8 ropoq otrpasunu 5 naauu u no 720 +u( s raqou.
Cronero scero u otrpasunu s ropoq? rpannatu+ecruu oopot no cmone|,-mo edu+u( tpeyet ynuoeuu
(720 n 5), a s saqa+e 8 ropoq otrpasunu 120 naauu u no 5 vaau+ s qeue. 8a cronero
queu sMsesnu ua s ropoq? tot e oopot tpeyet qeneuu (120:5). 8 oquou u tou e saqa+e Vana ryruna
s repsMu pas 2 rr rpya, a so stopou pas oua ryruna rpya e 2 pasa oneae, +en s repsMu, u eae 12 rr nor. 8o
cronero pas oneae nana ryruna nor? co+etauue cnos ... pas oneae, sMctyra s pasuMx routerctax,
tpeyet rpotusoronouMx qeuctsuu s repsMu pas ynuoeuu, a so stopou qeneuu.
Eae onee cnouou qeteneuoctu tpeykt rocseuuMe rounurtuMe saqa+u tura: la tapenre neanu rpyau.
K uun rpuasunu 7 atyr, u ctano scero 15 rpya. Cronero rpya neano ua tapenre cua+ana? pnoe sua+euue
cnosa npuaeunu sarnk+anoce s ysenu+euuu +ero-to, u, rasanoce M, ouo rpno tpeyet orepauu cnoeuu.
0quaro s atou saqa+e seqyaee necto sauunaet roqterct, paccrasMsakauu o peaneuMx cootuoaeuux
cosoryruocteu.
Tarun opason, uapqy c saqa+anu, artyanusupykaunu rotosMe ctepeoturM, coxpaukauec s rantu,
cyaectsykt u qpyrue, rotopMe tpeykt onee cnouou paotM ro pacauposre rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM
saqa+u, cssauuou c sMqeneuuen roqtercta u yneuuen otsne+ec ot uerocpeqctseuuoro sua+euu otqeneuMx
cnos. 8ce ato u coctasnet paoty ua nuursuctu+ecron yposue ro auanusy rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM saqa+u,
rpeqsapkaeny rouunauue rcuxonoru+ecroro ee coqepauu u roucr noru+ecrux u natenatu+ecrux
otuoaeuuu s saqa+e, u snetc coqepauuen opueutuposo+uou ocuosM qeuctsu rpu peaeuuu
apunetu+ecrux saqa+.
Kpatruu auanus rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuoro arta, ctpoeuu canou apunetu+ecrou saqa+u,
ee sepaneuou opnM qan uan ocuosauue rpeqronoute, +to uutennertyane uMu art noet orasatec
uapyaeuuMn rpu ropaeuuu rar nouMx qoneu nosra, tar u teneuuo-satMno+uMx ero otqenos. 0quaro ua-
pyaeuue ato yqet uocute pasnu+uMu xapartep. 8 cny+ae ropaeuu no+ex doneu vosca uapyaeuue
peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ yqet sMctyrate s cssu c repsu+uMn uapyaeuuen opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu, srnk+akaeu s ce rpoeccM eedene+u+ c,(ecmee++oco u omeneve+u+
om +ec,(ecmee++ex aneve+moe ycnosu saqa+u, rpoeccM cpasueuu, ooaeuu u actparuu. 8ce ato
ectectseuuo otpasutc la uapyaeuuu rpoecca rnauuposauu qeteneuoctu, ua yneuuu cosqasate oayk
cxeny peaeuu. 8cra eneuarpasneuua qeteneuocte corposoqaetc u sasepaaetc routponen, rotopMu
tare oraetc uapyaeuuMn y atou rpyrrM oneuMx. .'
Tpyquoctu peaeuu saqa+ rpu ropaeuuu meve++o-samenov+ex omdenoe vosca oraytc cneqctsuen
uapyaeuu rourpetuMx orepauu: qeroquposauu noruro-rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM ycnosu saqa+u,
uaxoqeuu uyuMx natenatu+ecrux otuoaeuuu neqy cosoryruoctnu c+eta.
lue nM opatunc r auanusy arcrepuneutaneuoro natepuana, pacrpMsakaero pasnu+u u ocoeuuoctu s
rpupoqe uapyaeuu ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx oeux rpyrr.
2. lAP/LEl|E PELEl|F 8AA+
Y 50bhbX 6 0PAAEhhEH TEHEhh0-3ATb0+hbX 0TE0 H03|A
|ssectuo, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra uapyaaetc sosnouocte oequueuu
roctyrakaux pasqpauteneu s cunynetauuMe rpyrrM u auanusa sxoqaux s ux coctas kounoueuos, +to
oycnosnusaet ratonoruk rpoctpauctseuuoro socrputu. 0t atoro ctpaqakt cnouMe opnM uuecue-crou
u pe+esou qeteneuoctu, a ato rpusoqut r ussectuou s rnuuure nosrosMx ropaeuuu cenautu+ecrou aasuu,
akanskyn. Ectectseuuo, +to uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte, tpeykaa cunynetauuMx
(rpoctpauctseuuMx) opn auanusa u cuutesa rony+aenou uuopnauu, ue noet ue roctpaqate rpu
ropaeuuu atux y+actros nosra. 0rMtM ro peaeuuk saqa+ atou rpyrrou oneuMx rorasanu coxpauuocte y uux
uarpasneuuou ua ussectuyk ene qeteneuoctu, ux artusuocte, suunauue s rpoecce peaeuu saqa+u,
crocouoctu r topnoeuuk'unrynecusuMx rorMtor, coxpauuocte rpeqsaputeneuoro auanusa saqa+u u yneuu
coctasnte oauu rnau peaeuu saqa+u, routponuposate csou qeuctsu u rputu+ecru oeuusate oauru.
0quaro oquoro rouunauu ueoxoqunoctu opueutuposru s ycnosuu saqa+u u sMcorou notusuposauuoctu sceu
qeteneuoctu orasMsaetc ueqoctato+uMn; ueoxoquna eae u coxpauuocte yneuu (qeuctsuu, orepauu u
uasMros), c oquou ctopouM, ro auanusy sepaneuou ctopouM ycnosu*?saqa.+u c enek ee rouunauu, a c
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
qpyrou ro cootueceuuk noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu c orpeqeneuuMnu natenatu+ecrunu
orepaunu.
/ atux oneuMx s repsyk o+epeqe u uauonee ot+etnuso ctpaqaet rouunauue cpasuuteneuMx, atpuytusuMx,
rpeqnouMx rouctpyruu u rouctpyruu tsoputeneuoro raqea, roatony rouunauue sctpe+akauxc s tercte
oopotos tura ome( cmapae ce+a, me+e dnu++ee |apa+daaa, sa npoda++eu moeap sa odu+ de+e vacasu+
non,vun u t. q. rpeqctasnet qn uux oneayk (+acto uerpeoqonunyk) tpyquocte u tpeyet creuaneuou
ocosuauuou paotM ro pacrosuasauuk ux sua+euuu.
oatony peaeuue apunetu+ecrou saqa+u y uux ua+uuaetc ue c rostopeuu ycnosu saqa+u, rar ato uneet
necto s uopne, a c a+anusa cpavvamuvec|oco cmpoe+u+ ,cnoeu+. 0uu rMtaktc pasopatec s cnouMx qn
uux noruro-rpannatu+ecrux opnynuposrax, +toM route coqepauue u noru+ecrue cssu neqy qauuMnu
ycnosunu saqa+u u ynosute ee cnMcn. 8 cuny otne+euuMx qeertos atu oneuMe rpu artusuon otuoaeuuu r
qeteneuoctu ue noryt ussne+e ronuyk uuopnauk us tercta saqa+u u uepeqro qo uux qoxoqt nuae
otqeneuMe parneutM ee coqepauu.
poqenas uyuMe orepauu, cssauuMe c repeauposrou equuu sepaneuMx rouctpyruu s equuuM
sua+euu u cnMcna, u rpuctyra r rocneqosateneuony peaeuuk saqa+u, rpeqronarakaeny saruce
rourpetuMx orepauu, oneuMe cuosa ucrMtMsakt tpyquoctu, uo ye qpyrue, rotopMe neat ua rytu
repeauposru noru+ecroro rnaua peaeuu s natenatu+ecrue otuoaeuu u uaxoqeuu uyuMx
apunetu+ecrux orepauu.
ae torqa, rorqa s tercte saqa+u, rasanoce M, ue Mno cnouMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, atu
oneuMe uepeqro ucrMtMsanu tpyquoctu uaxoqeuu apunetu+ecrux orepauu, cootsetctsykaux
noru+ecrun otuoaeuun cosoryruocteu s saqa+e. eno s ton, +to ecnu repsa rpyrra qeertos cssaua c ce-
nautu+ecrou aasueu, to stopa rpyrra tpyquocteu oycnosneua teneuuo-satMno+uou aranerynueu, s ocuose
rotopou tare neat qeertM rpoctpauctseuuoro auanusa u cuutesa. pu cenautu+ecrou aasuu u teneuuo-
satMno+uou aranerynuu uapyaaetc orepauouaneua +acte nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca.
, Ecnu oneuMn s uaaen arcrepuneute yqasanoce canoctoteneuo (unu rpu ronoau arcrepuneutatopa) uautu
uyuMe apunetu+ecrue orepauu, rpeqsaputeneuo pacauposas rpannatu+ecrue opnynuposru saqa+u,
ouu ycreauo peaanu saqa+y, ouapyusa rpu aton rouunauue coqepauu u cnMcna saqa+u, u s te+euue
scero qnuteneuoro roucra peaeuu qenouctpuposanu ronuyk coxpauuocte yctou+usoro suunauu,
usupateneuoctu s qeuctsux u routpon. |snoeuuMe qeertM orepauouaneuou +actu uutennertyaneuoro
arta u snktc eutpaneuMnu: s uapyaeuuu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu
ropaeuunu ronosuoro nosra.
0patunc r rourpetuony natepuany, unnkctpupykaeny xapartep uapyaeuu rpoterauu uutennertyaneuoro
arta y oneuMx orucauuou sMae rpyrrM. laau uccneqosauu rorasanu, +to tpyquoctu ua+uuaktc ye c
rostopeuu ycnosuu saqa+u. lo, uecnotp ua sMpaeuuMe pe+esMe tpyquoctu rar socrputu, tar u soc-
rpousseqeuu tercta saqa+u, ee roue+uMu sorpoc ro+tu scerqa rouunanc u ycsausanc oneuMnu s repsyk
o+epeqe. 6oneuMe ue scerqa cpasy nornu cssate roue+uMu sorpoc c ycnosuen saqa+u, ssectu ero s oayk
noru+ecryk cxeny, uo ouu uurorqa ue tepnu sorpoc saqa+u rpu rorMtrax rostopeuu ee ycnosu, ue
roqneunu ero qpyrun sorpocon.
6oneuou 6. (uct. onesuu N 34965), 40 net, c sMcaun opasosauuen, repeuec uapyaeuue rposoopaaeuu s cuctene nesou cpequeu
nosrosou aptepuu, rocne +ero y uero passunace rpasoctopouu renurneru u totaneua aasu. K noneuty uccneqosauu y uero
unenuce nuae octatru aasuu c suMnu cenautu+ecrunu ronroueutanu. u+uoctuo oneuou sMcoro coxpaueu.
6oneuony Mna rpo+utaua saqa+a: 0t rapauqaaa qnuuou 16 cn raqaet teue ua 48 cn qnuuuee rapauqaaa. 8o cronero pas teue
qnuuuee rapauqaaa? VuororpatuMe rorMtru oneuoro rostopute saqa+y orasanuce esycreauMnu: Kapauqaau teue... qnuuuee...
qnuuuee... sot orte atyra qnuuuee... +to taroe qnuuuee... Kar ato route? le rouunak, +to qenate. (6oneuou otrasMsaetc ot ro-
stopeuu u peaeuu saqa+u, rpocut qate eny terct saqa+u qn canoctoteneuoro rpo+teuu. 8aqa+y oneuou +utaet scnyx, o+eue
neqneuuo, saqynMsace ro+tu uaq raqMn cnoson. 0tqeneuMe oopotM rostopet nuoro pas.) 3anov+unu sadav,? 8aronuun. lo
qeno ue s aton... a rar ato sce pasnectute? oemopume sadav,, 0t... ot... ato sua+ut tar (pucyet ctpenry ot ce --), rapauqaaa... ot
rapauqaaa raqaet teue... sua+ut, teue... ua... roctoute... roctoute... +to-to, raetc, rouunak... uo, ro-noeny, qa? la 48 cn... uet, sce-
taru... +to-to ue ynosun... ue nory rostopute. 3e cxeamunu cvecn sadavu? 0+eue cnao. / |a| peaume sadav,, s+aeme, xom+ e
npunusumene+o? let, roue+uo, seqe ue suak saqa+y... ue roun xopoao. F suak tan rapauqaa, teue... +to-to ouu cssauM... uo u
sce, r coaneuuk. onuk s roue... ysuate... sorpoc saqa+u... so cronero pas, a +to ato taroe, orte ue rouunak, sce'saMn
(orop+aetc).
|s rpuseqeuuoro rpotorona suquo, +to oneuou qeuctsuteneuo ua+uuaet peaeuue saqa+u c auanusa ee
rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM. pu aton ou ue noet rpuctyrute r uerocpeqctseuuony peaeuuk saqa+u, ue
pacauposas rpeqsaputeneuo ee noruro-rpannatu+ecryk opny, uecyayk orpeqeneuuyk uuopnauk o
cssx qauuMx cosoryruocteu, o rpeqnetuon ee coqepauuu. 0quaro, qae ycsous atu noru+ecrue otuoaeuu
u rpuctyrus r rnauonepuony peaeuuk saqa+u, ou cuosa ctanrusanc c ussectuMnu tpyquoctnu, cssauuMnu
ye c qeertanu roucra uyuMx natenatu+ecrux sasucunocteu neqy +ucnanu. puseqen rpunep.
6oneuony qaua saqa+a: 0qua qopra uaqouna sa qeue 700 n nonora, qpyra _ 595 n. 8topa qopra uaqouna ua 3 uqoua neueae, +en
repsa. Cronero uqouos uaqouna raqa qopra?
6oneuou rocne rpo+teuu ycnosu saqa+u anyetc ua tpyquoctu: Vue tpyquo route sa stopyk qopry uaqouna ua... 3 uqoua
neueae. Tan rpo nutpM, a tyt uqouM. Voet, oauc, noet, ue roun?
ocne cosnectuou paotM oneuoro c arcrepuneutatopon uaq pacauposMsauuen tercta saqa+u u sua+euuu otqeneuMx
rpannatu+ecrux oopotos oneuou rMtaetc usnoute oauu rnau peaeuu.
Cua+ana nM qonuM ysuate pasuuy... y tou u y tou qopru, t. e. repaa u qpyra, stopa qopra. A roton, uasepuoe*.. tpyquo cpasy
rar-to... Voet Mte, ysuate nutpM, cronero nutpos, s uqoue, a? A roton ye ysuaen uqouM y qopor. F rosopk, uo +etro cee ue
rpeqctasnk, rar ato sce cqenate. ly, to+uo suak, +to repsMu sorpoc ato 700595 n. 8topou ato cronero nutpos s oquon
uqoue. lo ue ysepeu. Kar ato ysuate? F sck ronosy cnonan. | sce-taru rar-to ue ynasnusak, rpu +en tyt uqou. le suak, uyuo nu
ysuasate, cronero nutpos s uen. Kar ysuatetoe rponena.
3tot rpunep snetc xapartepuMn qn sceu rpyrrM oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos
nosra. +to ou rorasMsaet? peqe scero, +to oneuou ucrMtMsaet oneaue tpyquoctu s rouunauuu pe+esou
ctopouM saqa+u, s ocuosuon otqeneuMx rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, u ato snetc nepeev munov
oauo|, rpertctsykaux uopnaneuony rpoeccy nMcnuteneuoro arta. Ten ue neuee cosepaeuuo o+esuquo,
+to oneuou qenaet rorMtru auanusa ue ctonero pe+esou opnM saqa+u, cronero rouunauu ee cnMcna u eny
.c oneaun tpyqon, uo sce-taru yqaetc rpouuruyte s oauu cnMcn saqa+u, +to rpusoqut r cosqauuk
rpasuneuou ooaeuuou cxenM ee peaeuu. VM suqun, +to oneuou suaet, vmo uaqo qenate, t. e. oaue
uutennertyaneuMe orepauu-qeuctsu y uero otuocuteneuo coxpauuM, uo rourpetuMe
orepauu-uasMru (apunetu+ecrue orepauu) uapyaeuM. 0quaro oneuou ue cnor coctasute passepuytMu
rnau peaeuu saqa+u, tar rar ue roun, ro ero cnosan, rpu +en sqece uqouM, +to oosua+aet
rpannatu+ecruu oopot ua 3 uqoua neueae... u t. q. 8ce ato rpuseno r rouunauuk nuae ooaeuuoro
cnMcna saqa+u. lo rouunauu cootueceuu rpannatu+ecrux opnynuposor c orpeqeneuuMnu
natenatu+ecrunu orepaunu y oneuoro tar u ue rpousoano, u ato snetc emopev munov mp,d+ocmeu u
oauo| atou rpyrrM oneuMx.
/ ecnu + 3av nodc|a,, vmo e udo+e eno 35 n vono|a, |a| 3e ,deme peaame sadav,? Torqa 700+595=, a roton X35.
od,vaume. Tar. 8 oquon uqoue 35 n, a s qsyx 70 n, a u tpex... Kar e ato: seqe sqece ynuoak, rpasqa? A rocne toe
ynuoute uaqo... (raysa) uet, qenute uaqo : 35. lo sce-taru ue qoxoqut, rnyoro ue rpouuraet ckqa (rorasMsaet ua ronosy), ue
rouunak +ero-to.
8qece sMctyraet mpemuu mun mp,d+ocmeu u oauo| s rpoterauuu uutennertyaneuoro arta ato uapyaeuue
ye coctseuuo natenatu+ecrux orepauu: oneuou ue rouunaet cytu orepauu ynuoeuu ue rar ato
qenate, a rpu rarux octotenectsax uyuo qenute, rpu rarux ynuoate, sM+utate u t. q.
|tar, y oneuoro unektc oneaue tpyquoctu rpu peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+, rotopMe n u seqyt r tpen
turan oauor: oauru rouunauu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, oauru cootueceuu ux c orpeqeneuuMnu
natenatu+ecrunu qeuctsunu u, uaroue, oauru s rouunauuu cyauoctu coctseuuo apunetu+ecrux
orepauu. 8ce ato sactasnet qynate o ton, +to uauoneaue tpyquoctu sosuurakt rpu passepuytou u
ocosuauuou qeteneuoctu ro auanusy ycnosu saqa+u. 8 ua+ane, rpu repson rpocnyausauuu (unu rpo+teuuu)
saqa+u, y oneuoro cpasy sosuuraet uerocpeqctseuuoe rouunauue oaero .cnMcna saqa+u, ua ocuose rotoporo
ou qaet rpasuneuyk oayk cxeny ee peaeuu. Kar tonero oneuou rpuctyraet r ocos+a++ov, paseep+,mov,
a+anus, eepane+ou cmopo+e saqa+u u ee natenatu+ecroro coqepauu, pesro sospactakt tpyquoctu
rouunauu ce ycnosu u cosqauu rnaua peaeuu.
CqenauuMe uanu sMsoqM o uapymeu ocosuauuoro yposu u passepuytoro auanusa ycnosu saqa+u
(coctasneuue cxenM peaeuu, saruce peaeuu), rpoterakaero so sueaueu pe+u, u o otuocuteneuou
coxpauuoctu* uerpoussoneuoro yposu auanusa (rouunauue oaero cnMcna), peanusyenoro so suytpeuueu
pe+u, cornacyetc c pesynetatanu, rony+euuMnu uanu s pauuux uccneqosauux aranerynuu
1
.
8 sarnk+euue ueoxoquno crasate, +to oaee rouunauue y atou rpyrrM oneuMx ecnu u uapyaaetc, to
stopu+uo, u y uux oneae uapyaaetc rouunauue ycnosu'saqa+u, +en ee roue+uoro sorpoca u ero cssu co
sceu saqa+eu. 8c qeteneuocte atux one-
1
Cn.: set r o s a . C. lapyaeuue u socctauosneuue c+eta rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.V., 1972.
uMx eneuarpasneuua, artusua, sMcoro notusuposauua. |utennertyaneua qeteneuocte uapyaaetc, uo
uapyaaetc stopu+uo, us-sa qeertos s sseue orepauu.
ony+euuMe arcrepuneutaneuMe qauuMe sronue ocuunM c rosuuu cospeneuuMx rpeqctasneuuu s
ote+ectseuuou rcuxonoruu o nManeuuu u pe+u. 8 to e spen ouu roqtsepqakt rpasuneuocte uerotopMx
teopetu+ecrux ronoeuuu, racakauxc rponenM nManeuu u pe+u. . C. 8Mrotcruu c+utan, +to s onactu
yuruouuposauu passutou +enose+ecrou nMcnu te+euu rpoeccos nManeuu u pe+u ue cosraqakt qpyr c
qpyron. 0u rucan, +to rpannatu+ecra opna nkoro rpeqnoeuu ue cosraqaet c cootsetctsykaun eu
cnMcnosMn equuctson u +to oe ctopouM pe+esoro nManeuu asu+ecra u cnMcnosa ueoquopoquM
ro csoeu rpupoqe. 3to ronoeuue roqtsepqaetc arcrepuneutaneuMnu artanu,- rotopMe rorasMsakt, +to,
xot ropaeuue teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra u seqet r uapyaeuuk rouunauu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu, no+uva+ue o(eco cvecna unu cuv,nema++ou vecnu ocmaemc+ om+ocumene+o coxpa++ev.
6onee toro, uneuuo coxpauuocte rouunauu oaero cnMcna ctauosutc cpeqctson, ronorakaun oneuMn
ynosute sua+euu rourpetuMx pe+esMx cuutarcu+ecrux rouctpyruu. C qpyrou ctopouM, ata roueru s
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
rcuxonoruu qoctato+uo yequteneuo ocuet rony+euuMe uanu arcrepuneutaneuMe u rnuuu+ecrue artM,
csuqetenectsykaue o paccornacosauuu neqy coxpauuoctek rouunauu cnMcna tercta saqa+u u rpyMn
uapyaeuuen rouunauu tex rourpetuMx sua+euuu, rotopMe ctot sa noruro-rpannatu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu.
3. hAPYUEhhE PEUEhhP_3A+ Y 50bhbX 6 0PAAEhhEH 05hbX 6h6TEH H03|A
8 otnu+ue ot oneuMx sMaeorucauuou rpyrrM, qn oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra xapartepua
qoctato+ua coxpauuocte otqeneuMx uutennertyaneuMx orepauu: ouu es tpyqa rpoussoqt orepauu
rpoctpauctseuuoro auanusa u cuutesa, ue ucrMtMsakt ocoMx satpyqueuuu rpu yqepauuu s rantu na-
tepuana, xopoao snaqekt pe+ek u qp.
0quaro sce ato rpoteraet ua oue rpyoro uapyaeuu ctpyrtypM qeteneuoctu s enon. / atux oneuMx, rar
rpasuno, ue sosuuraet ctourux uanepeuuu, a sosuuruys, ouu ue qetepnuuupykt qaneueuaero rpoterauu
uutennertyaneuoro arta. lepeqro y uux ronuoctek pacraqaetc opueutuposo+ua ocuosa qeuctsu, r pe-
aeuuk saqa+u ouu rpuctyrakt es rarux-nuo rorMtor auanusa ycnosu. ony+euuMe unu pesynetatM ue
cnu+aktc c ucxoquMnu qauuMnu, oauru ue sane+aktc" u ue ucrpasnktc, u sc qeteneuocte rpu
peaeuuu apunetu+ecrou saqa+u rpuopetaet ecroutponeuMu xaotu+ecruu xapartep. 0prauusosauuoe,
uarpasneuuoe peaeuue saqa+u, srnk+akaee rpeqsaputeneuyk opueutu posry rar s saqauuu, tar u s ycnosuu
canou saqa+u, yneuue ooaate rony+euuyk us auanusa ycnosu uuopnauk u ua ee ocuose cosqasate
rporpanny peaeuu, saneaaetc y uux uerocpeqctseuuMnu otsetanu ua otqeneuMe rpannatu+ecrue
cnosoco+etauu s ycnosuu saqa+u, sua+euue rotopMx rpno yrasMsaet ua orpeqeneuuMe apunetu+ecrue
orepauu (s n pas oneae, ua n equuu neueae u t. q.). 8ctpe+ace co cnosanu unu enMnu pasanu,
sua+euue rotopMx sctyraet s rounurt c uyuMnu apunetu+ecrunu orepaunu, sMterakaunu us ycnosu
saqa+u, oneuMe c nouMnu ropaeuunu nosra ue noryt otopsatec ot ux uerocpeqctseuuoro sua+euu; ato
uepeqro orpeqenet qaneueuauu xoq peaeuu saqa+u.
Taroe raccusuoe otuoaeuue r rpannatu+ecrony ctpoeuuk saqa+u, uapyaeuue crocouoctu r ycnotpeuuk
cvecna, neaaero sa rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypou, u r oo(e+us rpeqctasneuuMx s saqa+e qauuMx, ronuoe
otcytctsue rorMtor sMutu sa rpeqenM uerocpeqctseuuoro rouunauu sua+euu cnos u cnosoco+etauuu
xapartepuo qn oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu s otnu+ue ot oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu
ropaeuunu nosra, y rotopMx ata ctopoua uutennertyaneuoro arta octaetc coxpauuou u cnyut oropou rpu
ronreucauu qeertos, rouunauu s+ave+uu otqeneuMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux oopotos.
Ecnu y oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu ronuoctek pacranuce ctepeoturM csseu
rpannatu+ecrux oopotos c natenatu+ecrunu orepaunu u ouu ronreucupykt atu qeertM passepuytMn u
ocosuauuMn auanuson ssaunocsseu u ssaunootuoaeuuu unu, cxsatMsa oauu cnMcn saqa+u, uaxoqt
uyuMe natenatu+ecrue orepauu, to oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten, uaoopot, ucronesykt atu
ooaeuuMe ctepeoturM, ue saotce o ux cssu c rourpetuMn ycnosuen saqa+u. 8ce atu qeertM
ouapyusaktc y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra ye rpu noemope+uu ycnosu saqa+u. +teuue
(unu rpocnyausauue) ycnosu saqa+u ue sMsMsaet y uux artusuou opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou
qeteneuoctu. 8aqa+a ue sMctyraet qn uux rar equua cuctena, sua+euue rotopou eae uyuo pacauposate.
oatony, rar rpasuno, ouu socrpuuunakt u rostopkt nuae otqeneuMe parneutM saqa+u, uepeqro saneaa
otqeneuMe sseue uueptuMnu ctepeoturanu, repcesepaunu, axonanunu unu roo+uMnu cssnu.
0rasanoce, +to cyaectseuuou snetc ux uecrocouocte yqepusate |o+ev+eu eonpoc sadavu. +acto qae
rpu rpasuneuon rostopeuuu ycnosuu saqa+u ee ocuosuou sorpoc nuo saneaaetc, nuo sMraqaet coscen.
8necto uyuoro roue+uoro sorpoca oneuMe, rar rpasuno, nuo ctasunu rponeyto+uMu sorpoc saqa+u, nuo
ctepeoturuo repeuocunu ero us rpeuux saqa+, nuo qasanu roo+uMe cssu, nuo uueptuMe atanrM. ae
ecnu saqa+a rostopnace oneuMnu rpasuneuo, to ato rostopeuue scerqa uectouro u ye rpu rostopuon
socrpousseqeuuu ycnosu oneuMe cocranesMsanu ua roo+uMe cssu unu ctepeoturM.
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Cyaectseuuo, +to taroe rostopeuue scerqa sMctyraet y uux rar opnaneuMu art, ouo uurorqa ue seqet
oneuoro r auanusy cuctenM csseu, suytpeuuero routercta, r poqeuuk cxenM peaeuu saqa+u, +to
ot+etnuso pacrpMsaetc s coqepauuu rpoecca peaeuu. C rpoctMnu saqa+anu oneuMe c ropaeuuen
nouMx qoneu nosra crpasnnuce qoctato+uo xopoao Mctpo u rpasuneuo. 3to routuo, rocronery rpoctMe
saqa+u otuoctc r rpyrre saqa+ c xopoao suaronou ctpyrtypou, sarperneuuou s rpoanon orMte raqoro
rpanotuoro +enosera, u peaaktc ryten rpoctoro socrpousseqeuu tarux sarperneuuMx csseu. Peaeuue e
cnouMx saqa+, tpeykaux artusuoro auanusa ycnosuu u uaxoqeuu rporpann uyuMx orepauu, s atux
cny+ax orasMsaetc rpyo uapyaeuuMn.
Tarun opason, ecnu y oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu nosra s ocuose uapyaeuu peaeuu
apunetu+ecrou saqa+u neut ratonoru rouunauu s+ave+uu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, to y
oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu tpyquoctu rouunauu cvecna, ctoaero sa uunu.
VM oxapartepusosanu s oaux +eptax te usneueuu s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, rotopeye
rposnktc y scex oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra rpu peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+. 0quaro
atu oaue usneueuu s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu oneuMx orucauuou rpyrrM noryt sMctyrate c pasuou
ctereuek sMpaeuuoctu u s sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu suytpu oneaou souM, uneuyenou nouMnu
qonnu.
laa natepuan rossonet uan rosopute o cyaectsosauuu pasnu+uMx sapuautos nouoro cuuqpona,
rposnkauxc s ocoeuuoctx rpoterauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. Tar, ropaeuue
veduoasane+ex otqenos nouou onactu ue otpaaetc rpyo ua rpoterauuu peaeuu apunetu+ecrux
saqa+. eertM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s atux cny+ax csoqtc r uvn,necue+ocmu s peaeuuu
saqa+, rotopa uapyaaet s repsyk o+epeqe opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecryk asy' 3tu qeertM seqyt r
yrpoaeuuk rnaua peaeuu saqa+u, r saneue rnauonepuoro peaeuu unrynecusuo sosuurakaunu
parneutapuMnu orepaunu. Konreucau qeerta s aton cny+ae noet Mte qocturuyta otuocuteneuo
nerro, c ronoaek rpuenos, oecre+usakaux |o+(e+mpa(us e+uva+u+ oneuoro u topnosaux
sosuuruoseuue uerocpeqctseuuMx unrynecusuMx otsetos.
0t atoro suqa uapyaeuuu cyaectseuuo otnu+aktc uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos rpu ropaeuuu
sad+e-no+ex omdenoe (rpeunyaectseuuo nesoro ronyaapu). 0repauu peaeuu saqa+ s atux cny+ax
rpuopetakt passepuytMu qesastona-tusuposauuMu xapartep, uepeqro rpoqyrtusuMe nMcnuteneuMe
orepauu ctauostc uesosnouMnu us-sa sosuuruoseuu u+epm+o deucme,s(eco cmepeomuna. 3tu
sneuu noryt sMctyrate +etro s rpyou opne u s pe+esou cepe, +to s sua+uteneuou ctereuu ycyrynet
qeertM rpoterauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu:
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oneuMe repcesepupykt otqeneuMe cnosa, cnosoco+etauu, +ucna u t. q., s pesynetate noet uactyrute
ronua qeopnau ycnosu saqa+u u ee roue+uoro sorpoca. 8 tarux cny+ax uepeqro peaeuue saqa+,
rpoterakaee non+a (c sMrnk+euuou sueaueu pe+ek), orasMsaetc onee rpoqyrtusuMn.
Eae onee rpyo uapyaeuu peaeuu saqa+ sMctyrakt s tex cny+ax, rorqa ropaeuue yrasauuou onactu
rpoteraet ua oue oaeu uuartusuoctu, rosMaeuuou uueptuoctu oneuoro. 6oneuMe orasMsaktc ue s
coctouuu canoctoteneuo ua+ate qucrypcusuMu rpoecc, sactpesakt ua rpeuux ctepeoturax, ue noryt
canoctoteneuo cosepaute uu oquou orepauu. 8ce ato -noet rpusectu r uapyaeuuk usupateneuoctu
csseu. 0quaro rocnequuu qeert s atux cny+ax sMctyraet rar cneqctsue uueptuoctu, ou ue ctoer u racaetc
+aae scero orepauouuoro sseua. 3tu oneuMe yqepusakt ycnosue saqa+u u uepeqro noryt cosqate uyuMu
rnau peaeuu, rotopMu, oquaro, ouu ue noryt canoctoteneuo rpusectu s qeuctsue us-sa qeertos oaeu u
uutennertyaneuou artusuoctu.
Coscen qpyra raptuua uapyaeuu nManeuu ouapyusaetc rpu vaccue+ov nopae+uu neped+ux omdenoe
no+ou donu. XapartepuMn qn atux cny+aes snetc ronuMu pacraq opueutuposo+uou ocuosM qeuctsu,
sosuurakauu us-sa uapyaeuu notusos, royqakaux r qeuctsuk, rpoeccos auanusa u cuutesa, ooaeuu
u otsne+euu. / uux ronuoctek uapyaaetc ctpateru peaeuu saqa+, a rourpetuMe orepauu xaotu+uM,
ueaqersatuM. K qeuctsuk routpon atu oneuMe uurorqa canoctoteneuo ue rpuerakt, uo u royqeuue
oneuoro r ueoxoqunoctu rpoussectu orepauu cnu+euu rony+euuMx pesynetatos c ucxoquMnu qauuMnu ue
rpusoqut r aerty. oqouMe opnM uapyaeuu peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ oM+uo ue
ronreucupyenM.
8 atou rnase nM orucanu oayk raptuuy u nexauusnM" uapyaeuu peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ rpu
ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx u nouMx cucten nosra, uan yqanoce sMqenute pq ycnosuu rpoterauu
nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu rpu peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+, rpeqe scero sauyk pone rnyuuuoro
rouunauu saqa+u, es rotoporo oua ue noet Mte peaeua, uutunuyk csse ycreauoro peaeuu saqa+u c
rouunauuen ponu u necta roue+uoro sorpoca s ee ctpyrtype, ero cnMcna u, uaroue, canoctoteneuyk pone
rostopeuu tercta saqa+u qn rouunauu ee coqepauu u cnMcna. 3tu sorpocM ue rony+unu qonuoro ot-
paeuu s nutepatype, ouu u ctanu rpeqneton uaaux rocneqykaux uccneqosauuu.
lnaea IV. lAP/LEl|E 0l|VAl|F K0lE+l0l0 80P0CA AP|1VET|+ECK0| 8AA+|,
08T0PEl|F | 0l|VAl|F EE /C08|F
1. P06EVA, 8AA+| | VET0|KA |CCE08Al|F
Auanus rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu roue+uoro sorpoca apunetu+ecrou saqa+u rorasMsaet, +to ou, s otnu+ue
ot ycnosu, snetc rpequratusuMn sseuon saqa+u: ou ctasut artu+ecrue qauuMe s ycnosuu saqa+u s
orpeqeneuuMe otuoaeuu, opasyet us uux equuoe enoe u rpuqaet saqa+e cnMcn.
Vouo qynate, +to yqepauue roue+uoro sorpoca, rouunauue ero cnMcna u ero ssaunocsseu c qauuMnu
ycnosu snktc saueuaunu aneneutanu s nMcnuteneuon rpoecce u ecnu atu aneneutM yqyt uapyaeuM,
to yqet uapyaeuo u peaeuue saqa+u. oatony nM qynaen, +to qeertM yqepauu roue+uoro sorpoca,
rouunauu-ero cnMcna, ero ssaunocssu c qauuMnu s ycnosuu saqa+u noryt Mte uuquratopon uapyaeuu
rpequratusuoctu s ctpyrtype saqa+u y oneuMx c o+arosMnu ropaeuunu nosra.
8 uactoaeu arcrepuneutaneuou paote nM roctasunu saqa+y creuaneuoro usy+euu ponu |o+ev+oco
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
eonpoca s ctpyrtype saqa+u, s rouunauuu ee cnMcna u s rpoterauuu rpoecca ee peaeuu.

8auMn u nanousy+euuMn orasanc u sorpoc o necte u ponu rostopeuu tercta saqa+u s rpoecce ee
peaeuu. 8 rpeqMqyaeu csoeu paote, orucauuou sMae, nM otnetunu, +to oneuMe oeux
arcrepuneutaneuMx rpyrr s oneauuctse cny+aes rpueranu r rostopeuuk tercta saqa+. laaa rorMtra
ucrnk+ute rostopeuue saqa+u* s oquux cny+ax orasMsana otpuateneuoe, a s qpyrux ronouteneuoe
snuuue ua qaneueuauu xoq peaeuu saqa+u.
anee nM ysuqenu tare, +to rostopeuue saqa+u orasMsanoce uepeqro uapyaeuuMn ro-pasuony s
sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu. 8 enon nM ouapyunu u s rnuuu+ecrux csoux uankqeuux, +to
rostopeuue saqa+u urpaet qanero ue uuquepeutuyk pone s rpoecce rouunauu u peaeuu saqa+u. la
csse rouunauu tercta c ero rostopeuuen yrasMsanu nuorue uccneqosatenu (. . 6noucruu, . C.
8Mrotcruu, l. l. Coronos, A. P. y-pu u qp.). oatony s ra+ectse stopou saqa+u uaaero uccneqosauu nM
roctasunu sorpoc o cssu uapyaeuu noemope+u+ me|cma sadavu c dee|mavu ee no+uva+u+.
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ostopeuue nM paccnatpusaen rar rpoqyrtusuoe socrpousseqeuue, rpeqctasnkaee coou auanuturo-
cuutetu+ecryk qeteneuocte, rotopa sMronuet yuruu opueutuposru. pasuneuoe rostopeuue snetc
ycnosuen repesoqa passepuytoro tercta so suytpeuukk cxeny peaeuu saqa+u, ouo c+utaetc ronuoeuuMn,
ecnu socrpousseqeuM ycnosue u roue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u. Peaeuue saqa+u ua+uuaetc c opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu s ee ycnosuu, u rostopeuue saqa+u cua+ana cosqaet ycnosu qn oaeu
opueutuposru s coqepauuu saqa+u u rouunauu ooaeuuoro ee cnMcna, rar M ue pasnaraenoro ua ane-
neutM. la cneqykaen atare rostopeuue (ua yposue sueaueu u suytpeuueu pe+u) cnoco6csye ye
repesoqy rouunauu tercta saqa+u ua yposeue rouunauu rourpetuoro cnMcna saqa+u u sua+euuu rourpetuMx
ee aneneutos, rouunauu ssaunocssu neqy qauuMnu ycnosu. ocne atoro uactyraet ronuoeuuoe
rouunauue u coqepauu, u uuterpaneuoro cnMcna saqa+u.
VM rpeqronounu tare, +to rostopeuue tercta saqa+u sauunaet orpeqeneuuoe necto u s rpoecce ee
peaeuu, ouo urpaet pasuyk pone u peaaet pasuMe saqa+u s sasucunoctu ot atara peaeuu saqa+u.
Cua+ana rostopeuue tercta sMctyraet s ra+ectse oquoro us crocoos ycsoeuu u sarperneuu tercta saqa+u u
scex qauuMx s ee ycnosuu {cnoco sanovu+a+u+). 8aten ouo sMctyraet ye s ponu oquoro us cpeqcts
tonrosauu u- rouunauu saqa+u ee ycnosu u roue+uoro sorpoca {cnoco no+uva+u+) u, uaroue, rar
croco socrpousseqeuu qauuMx ycnosu saqa+u s rpoecce ee peaeuu {cnoco eocnpouseede+u+). -
Ectectseuuo, ueoxoquno pasnu+ate rpoqyrtusuoe rostopeuue tercta u perpoqyrtusuoe, t. e. +ucto
nexauu+ecryk ero unutauk, rotopa s otnu+ue ot rpoqyrtusuoro rostopeuu tpeyet t.o+uoro
socrpousseqeuu tercta u +acto ue corposoqaetc rouunauuen socrpoussoqunoro tercta. poqyrtusuoe
rostopeuue, rar rpasuno, uarpasneuo ue ua to+uoe socrpousseqeuue tercta, a ua to+uyk repeqa+y
coqepauu natepuana nkMnu sMpaatMsaenMnu cpeqctsanu.
8 qpyrux uaaux paotax ye Mna rorasaua tecua ssaunocsse rostopeuu u rouunauu pe+u: tar,
orasanoce, uarpunep, +to y oneuMx c aasueu atu* qsa rcuxu+ecrux rpoecca uapyaaktc ro-pasuony s cuny
pasuMx rpu+uu u ux ssaunocsse tare rposnetc ro-pasuony u sasucut ot touuru ropaeuu nosra u
opnM aasuu.
8 arcrepuneutaneuou paote, rposeqeuuou cosnectuo c l. V. M-naesou, Mn sMqsuuyt pq pao+ux rurotes.
VM rpeqronounu, +to uapyaeuue rouunauu saqa+u s enon, ee cnMcna u tex natenatu+ecrux u noru+ecrux
otuoaeuuu, s rotopMx uaxoqtc qauuMe ee ycnosu, tecuo cssauo c qeertanu no+uva+u+ (uruopuposauue,
ucraeuue u qp.) |o+ev+oco eonpoca sadavu, snkaeroc arrynyntopon ee cnMcna. VM rpeqronounu
tare, +to
119
ropaeuue no+ex onacteu nosra rpuseqet r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk no+uva+u+ cvecna sadavu u ro
stopu+uony qeerty ee rostopeuu, s to spen rar ropaeuue meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra
rpuseqet r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk canoro rpoecca noemope+u+, rotopoe stopu+uo noet rpusectu r
uapyaeuuk ronuoeuuoro rouunauu tercta. ouunauue nM paccnatpusaen rar rpoecc pacauposru
oaero cnMcna, ctoaero sa sepaneuMn cooaeuuen, rar rpoecc pacrpMtu csseu u otuoaeuuu neqy
sneuunu u rpeqnetanu (oertanu) oertusuoro nupa, rar coctasuyk +acte nManeuu.
| uaroue, nM rpeqronounu, +to rpu ropaeuux nouMx cucten rpoecc rostopeuu yqet uapyaatec rar
rpoqyrtusua qeteneuocte u yqet saneaatec nuo npocmou uvuma(ueu, nuo sanovu+a+uev c
vexa+uvec|uv eocnpouseede+uev.
C enek rposepra sMqsuuytMx uanu rurotes nM rposenu pq cepuu orMtos, s rotopMx uccneqosanoce
rouunauue oneuMnu yuruu roue+uoro sorpoca s ctpyrtype apunetu+ecrou saqa+u, a tare uapyaeuu
ero rouunauu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra. 8 qpyrux orMtax nM creuaneuo uccneqosanu pone rosto-
peuu (socrpousseqeuu) tercta saqa+u u roue+uoro sorpoca s rouunauuu ee coqepauu u cnMcna u s
opnuposauuu eneuarpasneuuou qeteneuoctu ro peaeuuk saqa+u, s sMope cootsetctsykaux
natenatu+ecrux orepauu.
3kcnepueu Mn roctpoeu tar, +to rpu repexoqe ot oquou cepuu orMtos r qpyrou rosMaanoce tpeosauue r
oaeu u ynctseuuou artusuoctu ucrMtyenMx. 0t orMta r orMty creuaneuMnu oertusuMnu netoqanu
rosMaanoce suunauue ucrMtyenMx r sorpocy saqa+u, ctunynuposanuce qeuctsu oneuMx ro cpasuu-
teneuony auanusy rpeqsnenMx saqa+, sMqeneuuk rpusuaros ux cxoqctsa unu pasnu+u. la-rpuuep, ecnu s
I cepuu orMtos |o+ev+eu eonpoc ue snnc npedvemov deucmeuu one+ex, to s rocneqykaux cepux
orMtos roue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u ctauosutc oerton suunauu u qeuctsuu oneuMx.
8cero Mno rposeqeuo 4 cepuu orMtos. 8 I cepuu uccneqosanace crocouocte oneuMx c noraneuMnu
ropaeuunu nosra r noemope+us me|cma sadavu u ssaunocsse rostopeuu saqa+u c ee peaeuuen. lanu
Mn roqopau pq apunetu+ecrux saqa+ c rocneqosateneuMn ycnoueuuen anroputna ux peaeuu. ocne
rpeqsneuu saqa+u yctuo u s ruceneuuou opne ot ucrMtyenoro tpeosanoce: 1) rostopute saqa+y; 2)
otsetute ua sorpocM arcrepuneutatopa, unekaue enek rposepry ctereuu rouunauu coqepauu saqa+u
(+to ussectuo s saqa+e? +to ueussectuo? +to uyuo ysuate? uanetete oayk cxeny peaeuu). 8 atou e cepuu
usy+anace u pone rouunauu tercta saqa+u artu+ecroro coqepauu u cnMcna s rpoecce ee peaeuu.
8o II cepuu orMtos nM rpocnequnu, ua +to opue+mup,emc+ cyert s rpoecce auanusa saqa+u ua ee
ycnosue, ua roue+uMu sorpoc unu ua ssaunocsse ycnosu saqa+u c ee roue+uMn
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sorpocon. n atoro ucrMtyenMn rpeqnaranuce rpocteuaue apunetu+ecrue saqa+u, s rotopMx ,cnoeue
Mno +eusve++ev, a konevnme ux eonpoce eapeupoeanuce. puseqen rpunep.
8 rapre pocno .45 epes, a rneuos ua 30 atyr neueae. Cronero rneuos pocno s rapre? /cnosue to e: 8o cronero pas epes pocno s
rapre oneae, +en rneuos? /cnosue to e: Cronero scero qepesees pocno s rapre? u t. q.
ocne rpeqsneuu saqa+ (ruceneuuo) ucrMtyenMn rpeqnaranoce rostopute saqa+y, otsetute ua sorpocM
arcrepuneutatopa ro ycnosuk u saten orpeqenute: pasuMe ato saqa+u unu oquuarosMe, oqua u ta e ato
saqa+a unu uet u rar ouu yqyt peaatec oquuaroso unu pasnu+uo? ocronery uneuuo roue+uMu sorpoc
saqa+u rpuqaet eu cnMcn, to s I u II cepux nM rpeqronaranu ouapyute coxpauuocte (unu qeertuocte)
rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u.
8 atou cepuu usy+anc tare sorpoc o coxpauuoctu (uecoxpauuoctu) rpoecca cpasueuu s nMcnuteneuou
qeteneuoctu oneuMx.
8 III cepuu orMtos nM +kqoanu r uerocpeqctseuuony usy+euuk no+uva+u+ cvecna sadavu oneuMnu u ponu
roue+uoro sorpoca. C atou enek ucrMtyenMn rpeqnaranuce uesarou+euuMe saqa+u, t. e. oneuMn qasanoce
tonero ycnosue, a roue+uMu sorpoc ouu qonuM Mnu sMpate canu-us tpex sapuautos sorpocos,
rpeqsnenMx un. 0quu us uux cootsetctsykauu ycnosuk saqa+u, qpyrou nusruu ro sua+euuk, uo
qaneruu ro cnMcny u tpetuu sorpoc ueaqersatuMu ycnosuk saqa+u.
puseqen rpunep.
/cnosue saqa+u: la sMctasre s repson sane Mno 64 raptuuM, a so stopon s 4 pasa neueae. 8orpocM ade|eam+ee: Cronero
raptuu Mno so stopon sane? unu Cronero raptuu Mno s qsyx sanax snecte?; nus|ue no s+ave+us, +o dane|ue no cvecn,:
Cronero raptuu Mno s repson sane? unu 8o cronero pas so stopon sane raptuu Mno neueae, +en s repson?; +eade|eam+ee:
Cronero raptuu Peruua Mno ua sMctasre? unu Cronero raptuu rpoqanu?
ocne rpeqsneuu ycnosu saqa+u u sorpocos r ueu ucrMtyenMu qoneu Mn eepame eonpoc,
coomeemcme,s(uu ,cnoeus saqa+u, t. e. sarou+ute saqa+y oneuou nor tonero s ton cny+ae, ecnu ou roun
ee cnMcn.
| uaroue, IV cepu* Mna uarpasneua ua uccneqosauue o(eu u u+menne|m,ane+ou a|mue+ocmu,
(ene+anpaene++ocmu rpu paote c saqa+eu s enon u, s repsyk o+epeqe, c ee |o+ev+ev eonpocov. 8qece
rposepnuce tare u auanuturo-c.uutetu+ecrue rpoeccM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ucrMtyenoro, u
rpoeccM ooaeuu. 3to saqauue uccneqosano tare .roueutpauk suunauu cyerta ua noru+ecron u
cenautu+ecron coqepauuu saqa+u. 8 aton orMte ot oneuoro tpeosanoce canoctoteneuo uautu u
copnynuposate roue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u (u sosnouMe ero sapuautM) r saqauuony ycnosuk.
puseqen rpunepM.
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/cnosue rpoctou saqa+u: 0qua puraqa sMronuuna paoty sa 19 queu, a qpyra ua 2 qu Mctpee. /cnosue rpoctou, uo
uuseptuposauuou saqa+u: 8 caqy pocno 74 rycta. ocne oceuueu rocaqru ux ctano 92. /cnosue ycnoueuuou saqa+u: / xosuru
Mno 6 rr nyru. +acte oua uspacxoqosana. ocne atoro y uee octanoce 2 rr. / qeso+ru Mna ruura s 80 ctpauu. 0ua rpo+utana 27
ctpauu.
8 arcrepuneute ucronesosanuce 4 rpyrrM saqa+, rotopMe roqupanuce ro rpuuury rocneqosateneuoro
ycnoueuu rar anroputna ux peaeuu, tar u pe+esou opnM u cnMcna.
I r p y r r a rpoctMe saqa+u tura: a-\-b =x; ab =x; a.b=x; a- b=x; rpoctMe uo uuseptuposauuMe saqa+u tura: a x=b;
x~a=b (8 ropore Mno 19 rouet. +acte rouet cenu. 0ctanoce 11 rouet. Cronero rouet cenu?).
II rpyrra coctasuMe saqa+u. 1. poctMe coctasuMe tura; a + {a +b) =x unu a+(ab)=x (0quu reaexoq rpoaen 5 rn, a qpyrou ua 3
rn oneae (neueae). Cronero runonetpos rpoanu oa reaexoqa snecte?).
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x
2. CnouMe coctasuMe saqa+u tura: x =a -\- b\ </ = ; z x , unu a +
_|_(u _)_ ij) -|_ (a b c) =x u qp. (CMuy 5 net. 0te capme cMua ua 30 net. Vate nonoe ota ua 10 net. Cronero un scen
snecte?).
3. CnouMe coctasuMe saqa+u c uuseptuposauuMn xoqon peaeuu tura: ab=x; x.c=,; , b =c. (eqy 50 net. +epes 10 net
suyr yqet s 5 pas nonoe qeqa. Cronero net suyry ceu+ac?).
III rpyrra saqa+u, s rotopMx tpeyetc coctasneuue u cnueue qsyx ypasueuuu u sMqeneuue
scronorateneuMorepauu tura: x +, =a; nx -\- , ==I; x=ba; ,=ax. (0qua py+ra u oquu yrsape ctot 37 roreer, a qse py+ru u
oquu yrsape49 roreer. Cronero ctout oqua py+ra u oquu yrsape?).
KounurtuMe saqa+u tura: ab =x; ,=x.a (0t qepesa sMcotou 18 n raqaet teue ua 54 n qnuuuee qepesa. 8o cronero pas teue qnuuuee
qepesa?).
IV r p y r r a turosMe saqa+u ua +actu: 8 qsyx roporax 42 rouetM. 8 oquou us uux s 2 pasa oneae, +en s qpyrou.
Cronero rouet s raqou ropore?
8ce rpyrrM u turM saqa+ Mnu ucronesosauM uanu ye s rpeqMqyaeu uaaeu paote (cosnectuou c A. P.
ypueu), +to qaet sosnouocte coroctasneuu usny+euuMx qauuMx.
Kpatro octauosunc^ ua auanuse rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu pasuMx rpyrr saqa+.
I r p y r r a. poctMe saqa+u noryt Mte peaeuM oquou apunetu+ecrou orepaueu, ycnosue atou saqa+u u ee
sorpoc oquosua+uo orpeqenkt anroputn ee peaeuu. auua rpyrra saqa+ ue tpeyet cnouou
opueutuposru s ycnosuu, a rostopeuue saqa+u +acto rpoteraet es cnouou opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu. 6oneuMe oeux rpyrr atot tur saqa+u peaanu oM+uo cpasy, ue rpuera r
ee rostopeuuk, ro ycsoeuuony s rpoanon orMte ctepeotury. cuxonoru+ecru peaeuue tarux saqa+ cneqyet
paccnatpusate ue rar nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc, a nuae rar a|m,anusa(us ,npove++ex e npoanov oneme
acco(ua(uu, t. e. rpoecc, rotopMu ...otukqe ue toqectseu rpoeccy ynctseuuou qeteneuoctu, a snetc
nuae oquun us ycnosuu u nexauusnon ee peanusauu
1
. 0quaro, rar yqet suquo uue, ye rpu rostopeuuu
tercta
eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru.V., 1981.C. 393.
115
atou rpocteuaeu rpyrrM saqa+ nouMe oneuMe uepeqro qorycranu oauru.
8 atou rpyrre saqa+ ecte roqrpyrra rpoctMx, uo uuseptuposauuMx saqa+, rotopMe otnu+aktc cnouou
noru+ecrou u rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypou, a tare u onee cnouMnu natenatu+e crunu ssaunootuoaeuunu
aneneutos saqa+u. cuxonoru+ecra cnouocte atux saqa+ sarnk+aetc s ton, +to sqece ropqor apu-
netu+ecrux qeuctsuu paccornacosMsaetc c ropqron rpeqsneuu qauuMx (uusepcu).
3to pacxoqeuue snetc rounurtuMn noneuton u qn rostopeuu saqa+u, u qn ee peaeuu: +toM
rostopute u- peaute taryk saqa+y, ueoxoquno rpeoqonete teuqeuuk rpnoro peaeuu, +to rpeqronaraet
artusuyk auanutu+ecryk paoty ro peaeuuk saqa+u.
II rpyrra coctasuMe saqa+u: a) rpoctMe coctasuMe saqa+u, ) cnouMe coctasuMe saqa+u u s)
cnouMe coctasuMe u uuseptuposauuMe saqa+u. 8ce atu turM saqa+ uanu oequueuM ue cny+auuo, a ua
ocuose uccneqosauuu, rorasasaux, +to s rpoecce rostopeuu u peaeuu atux saqa+ y oneuMx sosuuranu
oquoturuMe uapyaeuu.
0coeuuoctek rpoctMx sapuautos coctasuMx saqa+ snetc to, +to ux uesosnouo peaute oquun,
uerocpeqctseuuo sosuurakaun aanouuMn qeuctsuen. n rpasuneuoro peaeuu roqouMx saqa+
ueoxoquno ycnotpeuue u sMqeneuue rponeyto+uoro sseua, +to sosnouo nuae ua ocuose rouunauu cytu
saqa+u, ee cnMcna u noruru roctpoeuu u ssaunoqeuctsu qauuMx.
CnouMe coctasuMe saqa+u otnu+aktc-ot rpoctMx ten, +to ouu srnk+akt oneaoe +ucno aneneutos u ux
peaeuue coctout us orpeqeneuuoro +ucna rocneqosateneuMx orepauu, raqa us rotopMx ssaunocssaua co
sceu cuctenou orepauu.
CnouMe coctasuMe saqa+u c uuseptuposauuMn sseuon ronuno crasauuoro tpeykt sMronueuu eae pqa
rponeyto+uMx orepauu, rotopMe uerocpeqctseuuo ue copnynuposauM s saqa+e, uo srnk+euM s ee cnMcn.
III rpyrra ato saqa+u c coctasneuuen ypasueuuu u sMqeneuuen rponeyto+uMx orepauu.
| uaroue, IV r p y r r a turosMe saqa+u. Peaeuue u rostopeuue saqa+ atou rpyrrM Tpeyet yqepauu ue
rpocto qauuMx, a qauuMx s ux ssaunocssu. Peaeuue rpeqronaraet sMronueuue pqa orepauu,
ucronesykaux aty cucteny ssaunocssauuMx qauuMx, rotopMe ue rpusoqt r orou+ateneuony otsety, a
snktc nuae scronorateneuMnu (orocpeqykaunu) orepaunu. 8ce qauuMe s tarou saqa+e snktc
ueussectuMnu^ senu+uuanu, u ouu noryt Mte uauqeuM nuae us coroctasneuu'qauuMx u cosqauu us uux
ueroeu cuctenM, s rotopou raqoe qauuoe uaxoqutc s sasucunoctu ot qpyroro u ot cuctenM s enon.
oatony ye ua yposue rostopeuu tarux saqa+ ouapyusaetc ux rouunauue unu uerouunauue.
116
|tar, rpu usy+euuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu ua natepuane peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ nM
uccneqosanu:
1) rostopeuue ycnosu saqa+u u ero pone s rouunauuu cnMcna u ssaunootuoaeuuu aneneutos,
coqepaauxc s saqa+e;
2) rouunauue saqa+u s enon u ero pone s opnuposauuu ctpateruu u tarturu peaeuu;
3) rouunauue oneuMnu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u rar rnk+esoro aneneuta u ero necta u ponu s peaeuuu
saqa+u u s nMcnuteneuon rpoecce s enon.
8o scex arcrepuneutax y+actsosanu oneuMe c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx (I rpyrra) u nouMx (II
rpyrra) otqenos nosra (50 +enoser), routponeuyk rpyrry coctasnnu sqoposMe nkqu (30 +enoser).
2. lAP/LEl|E08T0PEl|F 8AA+|
Auanus arcrepuneutaneuMx natepuanos rorasan, +to rostopeuue saqa+u snetc ueoxoqunMn sseuon rpu
peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ u +to ouo pesro otnu+aetc y oneuMx u sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. 0
cyaectseuuou, u canoctoteneuou ponu rostopeuu rosoput pq artos, rony+euuMx uanu s arcrepuneute co
sdopoeevu ucnem,evevu: 1) sosspatM r rostopeuuk saqa+u; 2) terctyaneuMe usneueuu es usneueuu cytu
saqa+u; 3) areutuposauue suunauu s rocneqykaux rostopeuux ua pasuMx, uo cyaectseuuMx qn peaeuu
saqa+u ee aneneutax u co+etauux; 4) cyaectseuua pone roqouMx rostopeuuu s rouunauuu u sMpaotre
ctpateruu peaeuu saqa+u.
8ce ato rossonet cyqute o rostopeuuu saqa+u nuo rar o ctpyrtypuon ronroueute opueutuposo+uo-
uccneqosatenecroro sseua rpoecca peaeuu saqa+u, nuo rar o. sauon ero ycnosuu.
/ sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx rostopeuue saqa+u ue sMsMsano uurarux satpyqueuuu, u ouu uurorqa ero ue useranu
qae rpu peaeuuu rpoctMx saqa+, xot peaeuue roqouMx saqa+ rpoucxoquno, rasanoce M, Mctpo u es
rostopeuu ycnosu saqa+u. 0quaro orpoc ucrMtyenMx rorasan, +to s rpoecce +teuu (unu rpocnyausauu)
saqa+u ouu otne+anu rpo ce cyaectseuuMe noneutM u aneneutM saqa+u rar M c enek ce saronuuauu u
coctasneuu cxenM peaeuu. |crMtyenMe, rar rpasuno, ytsepqanu, +to ouu osateneuo rostopkt saqa+y,
uo s cny+ax rpoctMx saqa+ rostopeuue rar M srneteuo s art peaeuu u rostopeuue u peaeuue, ro ux
nueuuk, rpoucxoqt oquospeneuuo. 8 cny+ax peaeuu onee cnouMx ro anroputny saqa+ rpoecc
rostopeuu uocut ye canoctoteneuMu xapartep.
Tarun opason, nM suqun, +to rostopeuue saqa+u noet uocute pasuMu xapartep Mte ronuMn unu
ueronuMn, rocneqosateneuMn sseuon s eru peaeuu saqa+u unu ennynetauuo cssauuMn c rpoeccon
peaeuu, ocosuasaenMn ucrMtyenMnu unu uet. Ten ue neuee noemope+ue ,cnoeu+ u |o+ev+oco eonpoca
sadavu
1 17
scerqa uneet necto s rpoecce ee peaeuu u snetc od+uv us cnocooe no+uva+u+ sadavu.
6oneuMe c ropaeuuen meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra (I rpyrra ucrMtyenMx) ouapyusanu cpasy
raptuuy rostopeuu, pesro otnu+akaykc ot sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx u ot oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon.
lapyaeuu rostopeuu sqece uqyt, rar rpasuno, s cuuqpone cenautu+ecrou aasuu, u s ocuose tpyquocteu
neat qeertM rouunauu sua+euuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu tercta; oauru rostopeuu ycnosu
saqa+u y atou rpyrrM oneuMx uaxoqunuce s rpnou sasucunoctu ot ctereuu cnouoctu rpannaturu tercta.
poctou terct, s rotopon otcytctsosanu cnouMe rpannatu+ecrue rouctpyruu, oneuMe rostopnu u
rouunanu c repsoro rpeqsneuu u tyt e coctasnnu cxeny peaeuu saqa+u. 8 atux cny+ax oneuMe nano
+en otnu+anuce ot sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx, uo otnu+u sce-taru unenu necto.
peqe scero rostopeuue saqa+u oneuMnu Mno scerqa s sMcaeu ctereuu rpoussoneuMn, ocos+a++ev u
savedne++ev rpoeccon, oneuMe rar M scnyausanuce s coctseuuoe rostopeuue saqa+u. 6onee +actMnu
Mnu sosspatM r tercty saqa+u, rpu+en osateneuo r canony ero ua+any, uankqanc ocosuauuMu cano-
routpone sa rostopeuuen, ueysepeuuocte s rpasuneuoctu rostopeuu, sMpaasaac s oaen roseqeuuu
oneuMx, s sorpocax r arcrepuneutatopy rpasuneuo nu ouu rostopunu saqa+y u t. q.
ostopeuue rpannatu+ecru cnouoro tercta saqa+u orasMsanoce ronuoctek uesosnouMn. 6oneuMe
rostopnu raqyk pasy c oauranu, artusuo rMtanuce rpoutec crsose ueqoctyruoe qn uux rouunauue
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu r ycueuuk canou saqa+u, ee cytu. 0rMtM c atou rpyrrou oneuMx ocoeuuo
+etro rpoqenouctpuposanu mec+,s esauvoce+se noemope+u+ u no+uva+u+ |a| |ovno+e+moe vecnumene+oco
a|ma, a_ tare sauyk pone rouunauu pe+u s rpoterauuu sepaneuo-noru+e-croro nManeuu.
puseqen rpunepM, unnkctpupykaue sMcrasauuMe ronoeuu.
6oneuou 3., 48 net, opasosauue sMcaee, roctyrun s rnuuury uepsuMx onesueu 1-ro Vocroscroro nequuucroro uuctutytanu.
Ce+euosa c quaruoson: rocneqctsu oruectpeneuoro pa+e+u+ neeou meve++o-samenov+ou onacmu (paueu s 1943 r.). / oneuoro
octaetc oaupuMu rocneorepauouuMu qeert nesou teneuuo-satMno+uou onactu u ot+etnusMu teneuuo-satMno+uMu cuuqpon c
sMpaeuuMnu sneuunu anuectu+ecrou u cenautu+ecrou aasuu. 6oneuony rpeqsnetc qn rostopeuu saqa+a, rpannatu+ecra
rouctpyru tercta rotopou rpocta: 8 caqy pocno nuoro noue u 15 rpya scero 25 qepesees. 10 ctapMx noue crununu u
rocaqunu 5 nonoqMx. Cronero scero pyrtosMx qepesees s caqy?
oemopume sadav,. 8 caqy pocnu noru, tar... u 15 rpya... A scero Mno snecte 25. Tar? 10 ctapMx noue crununu, uo rocaqunu 5
nonoqMx... u rocaqunu... (saqynanc)... 5 nonoqMx, qa, tar. Cronero scero, pyrtosMx qepesees ctano s caqy? 3to rpocto: 2515=10
noue, u ux e crununu. 0ctanoce 15 rpya + 5 -noue=20 qepesees. Kar yqto tar? F uu+ero ue crytan? ynak, sce sepuo.
VM suqun, +to oneuou ue ucrMtMsaet satpyqueuuu s rostopeuuu u peaeuuu saqa+, s rotopMx uet tpyquMx
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
qn rouunauu un sua+euuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu.
118
6oneuony rpeqsnetc saqa+a: 6 pet sMpactunu ro 4 rponura raqMu. Cronero rponuros sMpactunu sce peta snecte?
6oneuou +utaet saqa+y rpo ce, saten scnyx u octauasnusaetc ua rpannatu+ecron oopote no vemepe, ueqoyneuuo rostopet
ero uecronero pas: o... +etMpe, rar ato ro...? +etMpe rouunak, a rar ato ro, +to ato sua+ut, ue rouunak.
oemopume sadav,. 6oneuou rostopet: 6 pet sMpactunu ro 3, uet, ro 4 rponura raqMu. A-a! KaqMu, routuo. 6 pet sMpactunu
rponuros. KaqMu sMpactun 4 rponura. Cronero rponuros ouu sMpactunu snecte? Tar ato sce rpocto 6X4=24 rponura!
VM suqun us rpotorona, +to uerouunauue rpannatu+ecrou rouctpyruu no vemepe ue qano sosnouoctu
oneuony rpasuneuo rostopute u route saqa+y. Kar tonero ou rpeoqonen aty pe+esyk tpyquocte, saqa+a
Mna routa u rpasuneuo peaeua.
n Cneqyet otnetute, +to tpyquoctu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ro rouunauuk u peaeuuk saqa+ y atou
rpyrrM oneuMx uapactanu snecte c ycnoueueu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu u oopotos s tercte saqa+u.
o+uva+ue u peae+ue sadavu +axodunuce e amov cn,vae e np+vou saeucuvocmu. puseqen rpunep.
6oneuony qaetc saqa+a, terct rotopou onee cnouMu, +en s rpeqMqyaeu saqa+e. 3to saqa+a, srnk+akaa uusepcuk. eqy .50
net. +epes 10 net qeq yqet ctapae suyra s 5 pas. Cronero net suyry ceu+ac?
6oneuou neqneuuo +utaet saqa+y, octauasnusaetc ua otqeneuMx rpannatu+ecrux oopotax, rMtaetc ryten nuororpatuoro ux
rostopeuu u auanusa route ux sua+euue. 8ua+ut, suyr u qeq... tar. Vonoe, ctapae... Vue ato ueroutuo. Vue routuo . qeq
ctapMu, a suyr nonoqou. A sot ctapae, nonoe... ctapae... ato ctapMu, a rpu +en tyt ctapae? mo da+o e sadave? 0|aume ceouvu
cnoeavu. Tar. eqy 50 net. Ceu+ac. a? Tar. A suyry cronero-to yqet +epes 10 net. Eae... eq ua cronero-to net nonoe... s 5 pas.
let, nue ueroutuo. / vmo mpe,emc+ ,s+ame e sadave? 3to-to routuo. Cronero net suyry ceu+ac?
6oneuony qaetc yrpoaeuua opnynuposra saqa+u. ed ev, ceuvac 50 nem. 3+,| ev, ceuvac... 6oneuou: leussectuo. 3to
uaqo ysuate... s roue. ed npoudem 10 nem u ev,... (oneuou roqxsa_tMsaet) ...eny yqet 60 net. / e+,|,, |ocda npoudem 10
nem? ...eny yqet nuoro, uo s 5 pas... nano... neueae qeqa. A-a, terepe roun, nano-neueae, tar?
oemopume sadav,. Ceu+ac qeqy 50 net... +epes 10 net eny yqet 60. lem. amo peae+ue sadavu, a 3e noemopume ,cnoeue. Tar,
qeqy 50 net. +epes 10 net suyr yqet eae nonoqou u eny nano net, nonoe? s 5 pas. lyuo ysuate, cronero net suyry ceu+ac. 3to
rpocto... 50+10=60. 8uyry nano, neueae s 5 pas, sua+ut, uaqo ysuate, cronero net yqet suyry, rorqa rpouqet 10 net. A sot +to uaqo
cqenate?.. ue suak! Voet Mte, ynuoute?., uet... nano... neueae... 3to pasqenute, +to nu... tar, 60 pasqenute ua 5=12. Terepe
cronero suyry net, ceu+ac 12 ato rorqa rpouqet 10 net. A ceu+ac? 12+10...? 0, e, 12, uasepuoe, otute, 1210... 2 roqa. lo...
to+uo ue suak.
|s qauuoro rpunepa suquo, +to tpyquoctu rostopeuu saqa+u oycnosneuM uerouunauuen sua+euuu noruro-
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, +to seqet ro stopu+uony uapyaeuuk rouunauu ycnosu saqa+u,
rcuxonoru+ecrux u noru+ecrux ssaunootuoaeuuu ee aneneutos. ouunauue roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u
coxpauuo y atou rpyrrM oneuMx, ouu rouunakt, +to tpeyetc ysuate s saqa+e. Coxpauuo u rouunauue
oaero coqepauu u oaero cnMcna saqa+u, uo ueqoctyruo rouunauue noru+ecrux u natenatu+ecrux
ssaunootuoaeuuu neqy aneneutanu saqa+u, roatony oneuMe
1 10
ucrMtMsakt tpyquoctu s uaxoqeuuu u sMronueuuu rourpetuMx orepauu, xot o(a+ cmpamecu+ peae+u+
sadavu uvu +avevaemc+ npaeune+o.
Tar, oneuou 3. rosoput: F rouunak, +to qeq ctapMu, suyr nonoqou ceu+ac. pouqet 10 net, u qeqy yqet ye 60 net. A suyr toe
roqpactet, uo sot rar ato ctapae, nonoe? le rouunak.
Coscen qpyra raptuua uapyaeuu rostopeuu saqa+u u ero ssaunocssu c uapyaeuuen rouunauu ee
coqepauu u cnMcna ouapyusaetc y oneuMx c ropaeuuen no+ex cucten nosra.
/ scex oneuMx atou rpyrrM Mno ouapyeuo uapyaeuue rostopeuu saqa+u |a| npod,|mue+oco
eocnpouseede+u+ ee tercta. pu rostopeuuu saqa+u y uux otne+anace teuqeuu r yrpoaeuuk ee ycnosu, a
uuorqa u r ronuony ero ucraeuuk, +etroe uapyaeuue rostopeuu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u.
Auanus oauor rostopeuu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u rossonun uan sMqenute cneqykaue ux turM.
1) 0rycrauue sorpoca.
2) epcesepau sorpoca rpeqMqyaeu saqa+u.
3) 8aneua roue+uoro sorpoca rponeyto+uMn.
4) ostopeuue oquoro'" us qauuMx ycnosuu saqa+u s ra+ectse roue+uoro sorpoca.
5) 8uerouterctuMe (eccnMcneuuMe) sorpocM.
+to racaetc rostopeuu saqa+u s enon, to unenu necto +etMpe tura oauor.
1) |craeuue u ycnosu, u roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u.
2) pasuneuoe rostopeuue ycnosu saqa'+u u uapyaeuue rostopeuu roue+uoro ee sorpoca (ro oquony .us
sMaeoosua+eu-uMx turos).
3) 1opnaneuo rpasuneuoe, uo uerpoqyrtusuoe rostopeuue.
4) 8aneaeuue cnouou saqa+u rpoctou.
8ce yrasauuMe oauru rostopeuu saqa+u otuoctc rpeunyaectseuuo r II, III u IV rpyrran saqa+. 8qece
sauo otnetute ronuyk ssaunocsse rostopeuu saqa+u c rouunauuen ee cnMcna u rpasuneuMn ee
peaeuuen. Ecnu oneuMe-rpasuneuo rostopnu saqa+y, to ouu rpasuneuo otse+anu ua sorpocM ro ee
coqepauuk u rpasuneuo peaanu saqa+y. +aae scero oneuMe rpu rostopeuuu ucraanu terct saqa+u, u ato
rpeqe scero otuocutc r oneuMn c rpyMn nouMn cuuqponon, s aton cny+ae u peaeuue saqa+u
ctauosunoce ueqoctyruMn. 6oneuMe |uorqa oquy saqa+y (cnouyk) saneaanu qpyrou (rpoctou) u peaanu
uneuuo aty saqa+y. lapyaeuue rpoecca rostopeuu II u III rpyrr saqa+ uocuno rpyMu xapartep u
uankqanoce y seer oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon. pu rostopeuuu atux saqa+ sce oneuMe qeopnuposanu
ux cyte, yrpoaanu, orycranu rponeyto+uMe sseue, uuseptuposauuyk saqa+y rpespaaanu s rpnyk u t. q.
+to racaetc rostopeuu roue+uoro sorpoca, to uauonee +actou oaurou y oneuMx c asane+ev no+ev
cu+dpovov Mno
saneaeuue roue+uoro sorpoca rponeyto+uMn, orycrauue sorpoca. 6oneuMe c vaccue+ev nopae+uev
no+ex doneu snecto roue+uoro sorpoca rpousuocunu ue cssauuyk c peaeuuen saqa+u pasy (uarpunep,
snecto sorpoca Cronero nutpos nonora qaet stopa roposa? oneuou rosoput: |utepecuo ysuate, rar rop-
nt ropos, cronero ouu scero ceqakt). 8 aton cny+ae u apunetu+ecrue orepauu uocunu eccnMcneuuMu,
sMpsauuMu us routercta xapartep.
8auo otnetute u taryk ocoeuuocte so ssaunootuoaeuux rostopeuu u peaeuu saqa+u, xapartepuyk
tonero qn oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon: paccornacosauue neqy rpasuneuMn rostopeuuen ycnosu saqa+u
u ucronesosauuen aconktuo ueaqersatuMx saqa+e orepauu. 3tot art rosoput o otcytctsuu uctuuuoro
rostopeuu, saqa+u rar opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu u saneue ero opnaneuou
unutaueu (unu axo-nanueu). Taroe paccornacosauue neqy rpasuneuMn rostopeuuen u uecrocouoctek
peaeuu saqa+u uneet necto u s uopne. 0quaro y sqoposMx nkqeu atot euoneu sctpe+aetc nuae rpu
peaeuuu cnouMx saqa+, u rnasuoe sarnk+aetc s ton, +to sqoposMe nkqu rpu aton rpasuneuo rouunakt
saqa+y, ee coqepauue u cnMcn, uo ue noryt uautu uyuyk tartury peaeuu u ux rorMtru peaeuu aqersatuM
ycnosuk saqa+u. lan rpeqctasnetc, +to y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon rpasuneuoe rostopeuue saqa+u
paccornacosauo rpeqe scero c rouunauuen ee cnMcna.
puseqen cootsetctsykaue rpunepM.
6oneuou 0. (uct. onesuu N 48666), 41 roqa, opasosauue 4 rnacca, cnecape. Knuuu+ecruu quaruos: oneaa suytpunosrosa on,xone
no+o-asane+oco pacnonoe+u+ e neeov non,aapuu. atoauatonu+ecruu quaruos: suytpunosrosa rnuaneua oryxone nesou nouou
qonu. leuporcuxonoru+ecroe ocneqosauue rorasano uapyaeuue nu+uoctu: pactopnoeu s roseqeuuu, uerputu+eu, crnoueu r rnocrun
aytran; s rp*rcuce otne+aetc nuae saneqneuuocte qsueuuu u oauru (c stopu+uou, ropperueu) uo tury ueyctou+usoctu suunauu.
lapyaeuu pe+u otcytctsykt, uet aruosuu. 0tne+aetc rpyoe uapyaeuue uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ocoeuuo rposnkaeec
s rpoax ua repecras paccrasa u sMqeneuue ero cnMcna u nopanu u s rpoax ro repecrasy cketuMx raptuuor.
Paccnotpun qauuMe ro rostopeuuk apunetu+ecrux saqa+. poctMe saqa+u rostopnuce u peaanuce oneuMn es satpyqueuuu.
Tpyquoctu sosuuranu s rpoctMx, uo uuseptuposauuMx saqa+ax (tura ax=b; x=?; x=ab). 8 atux saqa+ax ueussectuMe {x) oM+uo
uaxoqtc s cepequue unu s ua+ane saqa+u, u ato octotenectso sctyraet s rounurt c rpusM+uou cxenou saqa+u, rorqa ueussectuMe
uaxoqtc s roue saqa+u. | uneuuo ata rounurtua ro ctpyrtype saqa+a rostopnace oneuMn rar rpusM+ua rpna saqa+a, a
necto roue+uoro sorpoca sauunano oquo us qauuMx ycnosuu saqa+u. Peaeuue cootsetctsosano usneueuuou oneuMn saqa+e.
8aqa+a: 8 ropore Mno 19 rouet, +acte rouet cenu. 0ctanoce 11 rouet. Cronero rouet cenu? 6oneuou rostopet: 8
ropore Mno 19 rouet. Cronero cenu, saMn. (8topoe +teuue saqa+u.) 6oneuou; 8 ropore Mno 19 rouet. II cenu. Cronero
octanoce s ropore? 3e npaeune+o noemopunu? a, roue+uo. 6oneuou eae pas +utaet saqa+y u rostopet: 8 ropore 19 rouet,
+acte us uux cenu, a sot +to oosua+aet 11 ue suak. /suate, cronero octanoce.
6oneuony pascuetc saqa+a. 0u rpasuneuo otse+aet ua sorpocM ro ycnosuk saqa+u. mo useecm+o e sadave? 8 ropore Mno 19
rouet. mo e(e? ly, cenu cronero-to. mo e(e? A-a, 11 octanoce. mo +ado ,s+ame? Cronero rou-
et octanoce? lenpaeune+o, daeaume e(e nopaomaev. (ocne cosnectuou paotM arcrepuneutatopa u oneuoro uaq rostopeuuen
saqa+u oneuou rostopun u peaun ee rpasuneuo.)
Tarue tpyquoctu rostopeuu saqa+u, ee rouunauu ouapyusanuce u rpu npeqLsneu oneuony coctasuMx saqa+. 6oneuony
qaetc saqa+a: 0quu reaexoq rpoaen 3 rn, a qpyrou ua 8 rn oneae. Cronero runonetpos rpoanu qsa reaexoqa snecte? 6oneuou
rostopet: 0quu reaexoq rpoaen 3, a qpyrou 8 rn. 3ce? 8c, a +to e eae?
8aqa+a qaetc stopou pas. 6oneuou rostopet: 0quu reaexoq rpoaen 3 rn, a qpyrou 8 rn, u snecte |. Pasee? ly, noet Mte, u
tar, rara pasuua -oquu reaexoq rpoaen 3 rn, a qpyrou ua 8 rn oneae. l, u vmo e daneae? 8necte ouu rpoanu 11 rn.
8aqa+a +utaetc eae 3 pasa, u rocte opaaeuu suunauu oneuoro ua uesarou+euuocte rostopeuu saqa+u ou rostopun sorpoc
saqa+u: A-a, +to ysuate? Ara, ysuate, cronero rpoaen tpetuu reaexoq. ocne yrasauu ua oaury oneuou, uaroue, rpasuneuo
rostopun sck saqa+y.
Tarun opason, nM suqun, +to qae rpu otsete ua sorpocM arcrepuneutatopa oneuou yropuo rpoqonaet
rostopte saqa+y ro yrpoaeuuony aanouy. 8ocrpoussoq suo eccnMcneuuo saqa+y, oneuou ue ocosuaet
atoro, ue roppertupyet coctseuuMe oauru, yrasauu arcrepuneutatopa ua uux tare ue rpusoqt r uyuony
pesynetaty. Coctasua saqa+a rpespaaaetc s rpoctyk, sorpoc saqa+u cua+ana uruopupyetc, saten
ucraaetc. | qanee, rpasuneuoe rostopeuue saqa+u tare ue rpusoqut r rpasuneuony peaeuuk, tar rar
taroe opnaneuoe rostopeuue es auanusa ycnosu ue seqet r rpoeccy rouunauu saqa+u, ee coqepauu u
cnMcna; nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc s aton cny+ae rpoteraet ro tury a|m,anusa(uu ,npove++ex e npoanov
oneme acco(ua(uu. n -
Eae onee ot+etnuso ouapyusaktc qeertM rpoterauu uutennertyaneuoro arta u ux cssu c uapyaeuuen
rostopeuu cnouMx saqa+.
Tar, oneuony qaetc saqa+a: 8 narasuu rpusesnu araM u yetM. Lraos rpusesnu 30. poqanu 12 araos u 8 yetos. ocne
atoro araos octanoce ua 5 oneae, +en yetos. Cronero rpusesnu yetos? (8aqa+a rpeqsnetc sputeneuo qn +teuu, +toM
crte tpyquoctu saronuuauu.) 6oneuou rostopet: pusesnu s narasuu araos 30... a 12 +to ato taroe? poqanu 12 u 8 rpoqanu.
8c! 3ce? ostopuoe rpeqsneuue saqanu. 6oneuou: pusenu 30 ara os, a rpu +en tyt yetM? ly, naquo. poqanu 12 araos
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
u 8 yetos. Cronero rpoqanu araos? let, roanyu, cronero araos octanoce. 18 araos octanoce. Tar, uac+et yetos rar Mte...
8 poqanu, tan ea 5... 8X5=40 yetos. 8c.
|s rpotorona suquo, +to oneuou socrpoussoqut ycnosue saqa+u +actu+uo, +ucna sMpMsaet us cnMcnosoro
routercta, roue+uMu sorpoc nuo tepetc, nuo saneaaetc rponeyto+uMn sorpocon, nuo ussectuMnu
qauuMnu ycnosu saqa+u; rocne taroro rostopeuu saqa+u oneuou rpoussoqut unrynecusuMe aanouuMe
qeuctsu c +ucnanu, sMpMsa ux us noru+ecroro routercta saqa+u.
Tarun opason, rpu paote co cnouMnu coctasuMnu saqa+anu y oneuoro ouapyusaetc pacraq
uutennertyaneuoro arta so scex ero sseuex: s sseue rostopeuu u rouunauu saqa+u, orepauu u
routpon; rpoqyrtusuMu rpoecc nManeuu sane-
aaetc eccnMcneuuMnu ueroutponupyenMnu apunetu+ecrunu orepaunu, rpoterakaunu ro ycsoeuuony
aanouy.
oqsoq utoru uccneqosauuk rostopeuu saqa+u, nouo c orpeqeneuuoctek crasate o ton, +to rostopeuue
saqa+u (rponroe unu rpo ce), rar nM u rpeqronaranu, urpaet sauyk pone s rpoterauuu nMcnuteneuoro
rpoecca u -snetc sseuon s ctpyrtype opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu unu osa-
teneuMn ero ycnosuen. 3to sseuo (unu ycnosue) orasMsaetc uapyaeuuMn rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra,
+to oycnosneuo qeertanu ue saronuuauu (terct saqa+u nean repeq oneuMnu), a uapyaeuuen
auanuturo-cuutetu+ecrou, eneuarpasneuuou qeteneuoctu s cny+ax nopae+u+ no+ex doneu vosca u
qeertanu rouunauu sua+euu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu sepaneuoro tercta saqa+u y oneuMx c
nopae+uev meve++o-same-no++ex omdenoe vosca. / rocnequux tare uepeqro sosuuranu oauru s
rostopeuuu sorpoca, uo rpupoqa atoro qeerta, ero nexauusn neat s repsu+uon uapyaeuuu rouunauu
sua+euuu, rotopMe ctot sa cnouMnu noruro-rpannatu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu. 0quaro qae s cny+ae rpyMx
uapyaeuuu rouunauu rpannatu+ecrou ctopouM sorpoca oneuMe uepeqro rpasuneuo ycnatpusanu ero
cnMcn, ero rnk+esyk rosuuk s saqa+e, u rostopeuue saqa+u ata rpyrra oneuMx +acto ua+uuana c roue+uoro
sorpoca. 8ce ato rosoput o ton, +to rouunauue rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu sorpoca,
1
ero coqepauu u
cnMcna rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra coxpauuo.
0rMtM rorasanu, +to art uapyaeuu rostopeuu sorpoca saqa+u u turM ero o'auor yrasMsakt ua csse
atoro qeerta c uapyaeuuen rpoecca rouunauu saqa+u, ee cnMcna, +to tare rosoput o repsu+uon
uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u o sua+unou ponu rostopeuu saqa+u s rpoecce
nManeuu.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen no+ex cucten nosra rpu rostopeuuu saqa+a uepeqro qeopnupyetc, yrpoaaktc
otuoaeuu qauuMx ycnosu saqa+u, roue+uMu sorpoc nuo tepetc, nuo saneaaetc rponeyto+uMn.
6oneuMe atou rpyrrM rostopnu saqa+y crocoon, otnu+uMn ot crocoa rostopeuu oneuMnu c ropaeuuen
teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra u sqoposMnu ucrMtyenMnu. Tonero un Mno rpucyae yrpoaeuue saqa+u
u pasuMe suqM tpaucopnauu roue+uoro sorpoca, a tare uapyaeuue rouunauu roue+uoro sorpoca rar co
ctopouM ero coqepauu, ero ssaunocssu c ycnosuen, tar u co ctopouM rouunauu ero ponu s saqa+e rar
rnk+esoro ee aneneuta.
8auo otnetute u tot art, +to ,npo(e+ue sadavu rpu ee rostopeuuu uepeqro seno r rpasuneuony peaeuuk
atou uosou saqa+u, cneqosateneuo, rostopeuue saqa+u tecuo cssauo c ee rouunauuen u c ee peaeuuen.
3tot art roqtsepqaet rurotesy o sauou ponu noemope+u+ sadavu s ee peaeuuu u npocoeapuea+u+
cutyauu (uteucrux saqa+) qn ux rouunauu u rpasuneuoro ux peaeuu. Vouo qy-
nate, +to rostopeuue (unu rporosapusauue) u qpyrux saqa+ snetc sauMn sseuon s ctpyrtype sepaneuo-
noru+ecroro nManeuu u s outoreuese, u s nurporeuese, +to ueoxoquno y+utMsate rpu paspaotre netoqos
socctauosneuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y atou rpyrrM oneuMx.
8osuuraet sorpoc: s rarux otuoaeuux uaxoqtc rouunauue cnMcna saqa+u, ee rostopeuue u uaxoqeuue
rytu ee peaeuu? laa natepuan qaet ocuosauu qynate, +to npu nopae+uu no+ex cucmev vosca nepeuv+o
+ap,aaemc+ no+uva+ue cvecna sada-+u u e (enov npo(ecc no+uva+u+, a cneqctsuen atoro qeerta snetc
uapyaeuue rostopeuu saqa+u. la rpasuneuocte atoro sMsoqa yrasMsakt oauru rostopeuu, rotopMe
uocunu xapartep oaux cnMcnosMx oauor u ue racanuce rourpetuMx artu+ecrux aneneutos saqa+u.
lerpasuneuoe rostopeuue ycyrynno tpyquoctu rouunauu cnMcna u roucra ortunaneuMx ryteu u crocoos
ee peaeuu.
Tarun opason, ouapyeuua uanu sasucunocte uerpasuneuoro peaeuu saqa+u ot ucraeuuoro rostopeuu
ee tercta, u rpeqe scero roue+uoro.sorpoca, yrasMsaet tare ua orpeqeneuuyk csse peaeuu
apunetu+ecrux saqa+ c rouunauuen cnMcna u s enon c rpoeccon rouunauu rar ronroueuton nManeuu,
rocronery rpasuneuoe rostopeuue sunoce ycnosuen rouunauu rcuxonoru+ecrux u noru+ecrux
ssaunootuoaeuuu neqy qauuMnu saqa+u.
3. hAPYUEhhE 0hhHAhhP K0hE+h0|0. 0P06A 3AA+h
lauonee yssunou qn rostopeuu +actek tercta saqa+u orasanc, rar nM suqenu sMae, roue+uMu sorpoc
saqa+u, s cssu c +en uac sauutepecosan sorpoc, raryk pone u necto otsoqt oneuMe c ropaeuunu nosra
roue+uony sorpocy saqa+u s csoeu opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu.
8 atou cepuu, so-repsMx, usy+anace crocouocte oneuMx r pacrosuasauuk saqa+, otnu+akauxc tonero
roue+uMnu sorpocanu (uccneqosanoce quepeuuposauuoe socrputue u pacrosuasauue oquuarosMx u
pasuMx saqa+ ryten cpasueuu), so-stopMx, crocouocte oneuMx r sMopy roue+uoro sorpoca, cootsetctsyk-
aero ycnosuk saqa+u, us pqa sorpocos, rpeqnoeuuMx r oquony u tony e ycnosuk (uccneqosanc npo(ecc
eeopa ade|eam+ex |o+ev+ex eonpocoe), u, s-tpeteux, crocouocte r cavocmo+mene+ou nocma+oe|e
roue+uoro sorpoca, aqersatuoro r rpeqnoeuuony s orMte ycnosuk saqa+u (uccneqosanc npo(ecc
cavocmo+mene+oco nouc|a u pec,nupoea+u+ |o+ev+oco eonpoca).
8 enon ata +acte arcrepuneuta Mna uarpasneua ua usy+euue pqa rponen, sauMx qn rouunauu
coctouu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu oneuMx c noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra.
peqe scero uccneqosanace coxpauuocte (uecoxpauuocte) rouunauu cnMcna tercta apunetu+ecrux saqa+
oneuMnu c pas-
nu+uou noranusaueu ropaeuu nosra, usy+anoce snuuue rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u ua rpoecc ee
peaeuu, a tare pone pasnu+uMx onacteu nosra s peanusauu rpoecca rouunauu. 0tsetM ua atu sorpocM
ue tonero ooraaakt uaau rpeqctasneuu o rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ne-
xauusnax ee uapyaeuu u cssx ee c nosron, uo suoct orpeqeneuuMu srnaq s paspaotry ryteu u netoqos
rpeoqoneuu qeertos nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.
lue repeuqen r rpatrony auanusy rony+euuMx qauuMx.
8o II cepuu orMtos, s rotopou ot oneuMx tpeosanoce rpo+utate, cpasuute rpeqsneuuMe un saqa+u,
otnu+akauec tonero roue+uMn sorpocon, u oeuute, oquuarosMe ouu unu pasuMe, nM rony+unu cneqykaue
qauuMe. 6oneuMe c meve++o-samenov+ev ropaeuuen nosra no pes,nemam, sMronueuu saqauu ue
otnu+anuce ot rpyrrM sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. Tar e rar u sqoposMe ucrMtyenMe, rpu +teuuu u auanuse
saqa+u oneuMe atou rpyrrM opaaanu csoe suunauue ua ee roue+uMu sorpoc. lo s otnu+ue ot sqoposMx
oneuMe, rpeqe +en otsetute ua sorpoc oquuarosMe unu pasuMe rpeqsneuuMe un saqa+u, uyqanuce
s ocosuauuon u qnuteneuon auanuse tercta saqa+u. lepeqro ouu cpasy uaxoqunu rpasuneuMu otset, uo
uerpeneuuo rMtanuce ryten auanusa noruro-rpannatu+ecrou ctpyrtypM tercta rposepute ce u yequtec s
rpasuneuoctu csoero otseta. Auanus tercta saqa+u c enek onee to+uoro ee rouunauu s atux cny+ax
rpoteran ua yposue rouunauu-oequueuu, uo ue saqa+u enuron, a nuae ee sepaneuou ctopouM. 3ta
cepu orMtos rorasana, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra crocouocte r qu-
epeuuposauuony socrputuk saqa+ ro ux roue+uony sorpocy repsu+uo ue uapyaaetc, uo rpoecc
pacrosuasauu rpoteraet ua rpoussoneuon yposue, neqneuuo,* ocosuauuo u passepuyto.
8 cepuu orMtos, s rotopMx tpeosanoce sMpate oquu roue+uMu sorpoc us uecronerux r saqauuony ycnosuk
saqa+u, oneuMe atou rpyrrM tare rpoqenouctpuposanu ronuyk coctoteneuocte. 8Mronu saqauue, ouu
23 pasa rpo+utMsanu terct rocneqosateneuo, a ue oquospeneuuo peaa noruro-rpannatu+ecrue saqa+u
ryten rostopeuu cua+ana otqeneuMx aneneutos unu +acteu tercta, a saten uactyrana sosnouocte
rostopeuu sceu saqa+u enuron. ocne atoro oneuMe repecrasMsanu csounu cnosanu coqepauue u cnMcn
saqa+u u saten rpuctyranu r sMopy uyuoro sorpoca ryten rocneqosateneuoro cootueceuu raqoro sor-
poca c ycnosuen saqa+u. 8 aton cny+ae, sepotuee scero, rpoterakt cosnectuo qsa suqa rpoecca
rouunauu: rouunauue-ysuasauue u rouunauue-rurotesa; ocuosuoe coqepauue nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu
coctasnkt qeuctsu rk sMqsueuuk rurotes ro peaeuuk saqa+.
6Mnu u qsa suqa ucrnk+euuu us oaero, xapartepuoro qn atou rpyrrM oneuMx roseqeuu s cutyauu
sMronueuu saqauu. lerotopMe oneuMe nornu rocne repsoro rpo+teuu ycnosu sa qa+u u scex sorpocos
cpasy uautu aqersatuMu saqa+e roue+uMu sorpoc. 0quaro s aton cny+ae oneuMe, so-repsMx, Mnu ue yse-
peuM s rpasuneuoctu sMronueuu saqauu u, so-stopMx, ouu nornu paccrasate tonero cyte, ro ux cnosan,
saqa+u, t. e. oauu ee cnMcn.
8topoe ucrnk+euue coctasnnu oneuMe, rotopMe tar u ue nornu c ysepeuuoctek uautu aqersatuMu ycnosuk
saqa+u roue+uMu sorpoc, oquaro ysepeuuo otpacMsanu ueaqersatuMu. 3tot suq roseqeuu sctpe+anc,
rorqa u ycnosue, u sorpoc r saqa+an Mnu onee cnouMnu co ctopouM rpannaturu. 0coeuuo ato racaetc
tarux rouctpyruu, rar eo c|one|o pas oneae (ve+eae), +a c|one|o u qp.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou 3. (qauuMe uct. onesuu cn. sMae).
6oneuony qaetc ycnosue saqa+u: Korqa us xoposoro rpyra yanu 7 +enoser, to s uen octanoce 25 +enoser. 6oneuou neqneuuo
scnyx uecronero pas +utaet ycnosue saqa+u. 8aten epet rapto+ru, ua rotopMx uarucauM sorpocM, u rocneqosateneuo cootuocut
raqMu sorpoc c ycnosuen saqa+u, +uta cuosa scnyx u saqa+y, u sorpoc.
auuMe sorpocM . 8Mop oneuoro
1. CK0bK0 +enoser octanoce s rpyre? 1. Tar seqe ato ecte s ycnosuu saqa+u.
2. Cronero Mno s rpyre ny+uu u
1
2. 3to nM ue noen ysuate. let, ue roq-cronero euauu? xoqut.
3. Cronero +enoser yano us rpyra? 3. 3to ussectuo.
4. Cronero +enoser Mno s rpyre cua- 4. 8ot atot sorpoc roqxoqut... +ana?
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5. la cronero +enoser Mno s rpyre 5. 0u, ato tpyquo.- la cronero oneae?., oneae, +en octanoce? A +to
taroe +en? TpyquMu sorpoc.
8poqe ua 25 oneae, ue suak, uo cssate c ycnosuen nouo. pasqa, ue suak to+uo.
|s sMrucru us rpotorona suquo, +to oneuou sMpan aqersatuMu saqa+e roue+uMu sorpoc; suquo tare, +to
rpoecc sMopa sorpoca snetc rpoussoneuou ocosuauuou qeteneuoctek, s sMcaeu ctereuu passepuytou
ro csoeny rcuxonoru+ecrony u orepauouaneuony coctasy. 0paaaet suunauue tare u uanu+ue rout-
poneuMx qeuctsuu oneuoro ro sMronueuuk saqauu, rputu+uoe otuoaeuue r csoun oauran.
oqouMe qauuMe o repsu+uou coxpauuoctu y oneuMx atou rpyrrM rouunauu roue+uoco sorpoca, ero
coqepauu u ssaunocssu c ycnosuen saqa+u Mnu rony+euM u s cneqykaeu cepuu orMtos, s rotopou
tpeosanace canoctoteneua roctauosra roue+uoro sorpoca (u ero opnynuposauue) r saqauuony ycnosuk
saqa+u. PesynetatM orMtos rorasanu, +to oneuMe ycreauo crpasnnuce u c atun saqauuen. Tpyquoctu
sarnk+anuce, rar u s rpeqMqyaux orMtax, nuae s repeauposre noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ua
equuuM cnMcna. Kar tonero uactyrano rouuna-uue coqepauu u cnMcna saqa+u, tar oneuMe cpasy e
nornu roctasute aqersatuMu roue+uMu sorpoc. Auanus natepuana atou cepuu tare rorasMsaet, +to u s atux
saqauux rpoecc uocut passepuytMu, rpoussoneuMu u ocosuauuMu xapartep.
lepeqro oneuMe, +toM copnynuposate uyuMu roue+uMu sorpoc r saqa+e, qonuM Mnu rocneqosateneuo
sMronuute pq ocosuauuMx ssaunocssauuMx orepauu: scnyx npovumame ro +actn ycnosue, route
rpannatu+ecrue aneneutM tercta, cootuectu otqeneuMe +actu ycnosu, rostopute saqa+y enuron u t. q.
Tonero tar, rocneqosateneuo sMronu oquy orepauk sa qpyrou, aar sa aaron, oneuMe roqxoqunu r
ronuony rouunauuk coqepauuu u cnMcna saqa+u, +to uesaneqnuteneuo seno r roctauosre ee rpasuneuoro
roue+uoro sorpoca.
lepeqro ctpateru Mna uua oneuMe cua+ana s rpoecce auanusa ycnosu saqa+u opnynuposanu
rponeyto+uMe sorpocM, a ua ux ocuose ctasunu aqersatuMu roue+uMu sorpoc. cuxonoru+ecruu cnMcn
stopou ctpateruu s sMronueuuu saqauu sarnk+aetc s ton, +to rponeyto+uMe sorpocM urpanu sqece pone
cvecnoeex (vamepuanusoea++ex eo e+ea+eu pevu) orop, c ronoaek rotopMx oneuMe qocturanu
ronouteneuoro pesynetata-.
pasuneua roctauosra rponeyto+uMx sorpocos csuqetenectsyet, so-repsMx, o rpasuneuo sMpauuou
ctpateruu peaeuu, so-stopMx, o rar M roctereuuon rpouuruoseuuu s cnMcn saqa+u. octauosra roue+uoro
sorpoca rpu qauuou ctpateruu roseqeuu oneuMx snetc pesynetaton ocosuauuou u passepuytou
nqeteneuoctu ro opueutuposre s ycnosuu saqa+u u ee rouunauuk. 3tot croco sMronueuu saqauu ro
roctauosre roue+uoro sorpoca r saqa+e snetc uauonee rpeqro+tuteneuMn y oneuMx c ropaeuuen
teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra.
Tpetuu suq ctpateruu sMronueuu atoro saqauu sctpe+anc peqro, rorqa oneuMe cpasy rouunanu cnMcn
saqa+u u opnynuposanu rpasuneuMu sorpoc r ycnosuk saqa+u es rpeqsaputeneuoro passepuytoro ee
auanusa u es roctauosru rponeyto+uMx sorpocos. 3ta ctpateru ouapyusanace, rar rpasuno, nuae s
cny+ax uerpyoro cuuqpbna cenautu+ecrou aasuu u>rpu artu+ecron otcytctsuu aranerynuu. 3tu qauuMe
rosopt o ton, +to qn ycsoeuu cnMcna u coqepauu saqa+u ueoxoquno rouunauue ue tonero noruro-
rpannatu+ecrux csseu neqy cnosanu u rpeqnetuMx ssaunootuoaeuuu, uo u crocoos ux natenatu+ecroro
sMpaeuu. larpunep, s saqa+e 0t qepesa sMcotou 16 n raqaet teue s 2 pasa oneae ero sMcotM. Karosa
qnuua teuu? ueoxoquno route, +to, so-repsMx, qepeso u teue ssaunocssauM, so-stopMx, ux ssa-
unootuoaeuue rpnoe: qepeso ------*- (otpacMsaet) ------*- teue,
s-tpeteux, ux ssaunootuoaeuue uneet +ucneuuoe sMpaeuue (oneae-neueae) u, uaroue, s-+etseptMx, atu
ssaunootuoaeuu uoct orpeqeneuuoe natenatu+ecroe sMpaeuue u noryt Mte sM+ucneuM c ronoaek ue
nkMx, a orpeqeneuuMx apunetu+ecrux orepauu. 8 rpuseqeuuou saqa+e, oneuMe rouunakt, +to pe+e uqet
o qepese u teuu, uo ue noryt ycnotpete u route ux ronu+ectseuuoe ssaunootuoaeuue us-sa uerouunauu
tarux sepaneuMx sMpaeuuu, rar e n pas oneae (ve+eae). pu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos
nosra rouunauue uneuuo atoro rcuxo-
noru+ecroro coqepauu tercta saqa+u u uapyaaetc us-sa uerouunauu ue rpeqnetuoro coqepauu, a nuae
ero otpaeuu s cnouMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyrux.
Ecnu teneuuo-satMnouus cuuqpon u cenautu+ecra aasu ocnouktc aranerynueu, to y oneuMx
uapyaaetc rouunauue ue tonero ssaunocssu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu c orpeqeneuuMnu
apunetu+ecrunu qeuctsunu, uo u rouunauue cytu canux sM+ucnuteneuMx orepauu. 8 /T|X cny+ax ot
oneuMx tpeyetc sMcora ctereue rpoussoneuoctu, ocosuauuoctu u passepuytoctu orepauu rpu auanuse
ycnosu saqa+u.
oqsoq rpatro utoru, nouo crasate, +to npu nopae+uu meve++o-samenov+ex onacmeu vosca npoucxodum
save(e+ue e+,mpe++eu ,vcmee++ou de+mene+ocmu, +enocpedcmee++oco no+uva+u+ codepa+u+ u cvecna
me|cma sadavu e+ea+eu ,vcmee++ou de+mene+ocmes, passepuytou ro coctasy orepauu, ocosuauuou u rpo-
ussoneuou ro yposuk ee ocyaectsneuu. lerocpeqctseuuony rouunauuk qoctyreu nuae oauu cnMcn
saqa+u, rotopMu cnyut ocuosou, asou qn ocosuauuoro u passepuytoro rpoecca rouunauu rourpetuoro
coqepauu saqa+u. |ssectuM uerotopMe uccneqosauu, s rotopMx astopM, usy+a peaeuue, uarpunep, rou-
ctpyrtopcrux saqa+, otne+akt,' +to sqoposMu ucrMtyenMu ctpenutc route rpeqe scero oauu cnMcn
saqa+u u rocne repsou tarou rorMtru ou peaaet, suarona eny saqa+a unu uet u +to qenate qaneae
1
. pu
ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra ouapyusaetc ta e teuqeuu.
o+uva+ue , amou cp,nne one+ex |a| e npedaecme,em peae+us sadavu, poda+ eco cmpamecus, u
rpetepresaet pq tpaucopnauu: ot oaero uequepeuuposauuoro rouunauu ro sce onee rnyorony
quepeuuposauuony u rourpetuony rouunauuk ssaunocsseu neqy oertanu (cyertanu, sneuunu),
rpeqctasneuuMnu s saqa+e, a ua atou ocuose suose rpoucxoqut ooaeuuoe rouunauue saqa+u u csoux
qeuctsuu ro ee peaeuuk, uo ye ua onee sMcoron yposue, ua rotopon rouunauue repexoqut s peaeuue.
0rMtM rorasanu, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte
repsu+uo coxpauua, uo oua uapyaaetc stopu+uo us-sa qeertos pe+u u natenatu+ecrux routuu u qeuctsuu.
6oneuMe c nopae+uev no+ex cucmev nosra ouapyunu coscen uuyk raptuuy uapyaeuu nManeuu s
rpoecce peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+. 3ta pasuua unena +ecto s cepux orMtos, roctpoeuuMx tarun
opason, +to sMronueuue saqauuu s oneaou nepe sasuceno ot rpasuneuoro rouunauu ponu roue+uoro
sorpoca saqa+u s ee ctpyrtype u rourpetuoro cnMcna roue+uoro sorpoca.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra, rar nM nornu yequtec sMae, otuoaeuue r
roue+uony sorpocy
1
Cn.: V o n r o 8. A. cuxonoru rouctpyrtopcrou qeteneuoctu.V-, 1983.
rar r rnasuony aneneuty saqa+u octanoce coxpauuMn, a rouunauue ero sua+euu u cnMcna ecnu u
uapyaanoce, to stopu+uo, us-sa qeertos rpoctpauctseuuMx cuutesos u pe+u.
8 I cepuu orMtos oneuMe c nouMn cuuqponon ouapyunu qeert quepeuuposru saqa+, otnu+akauxc
tonero roue+uMn sorpocon, rotopMu octasanc sue ron ux suunauu u rpu cpasueuuu saqa+, u rpu ux
peaeuuu. puseqen sMrucru us rpotoronos arcrepuneuta.
6oneuou 0. (qauuMe uctopuu onesuu rpuseqeuM sMae). 6oneuony rpeqnaraetc rpo+utate tpu saqa+, y rotopMx ycnosue oquo u to
e, a roue+uMe sorpocM pasuMe, u otsetute ua qsa sorpoca: 1) 0quuarosMe unu pasuMe atu saqa+u? 2) 0quuarosoe unu pasuoe y uux
peaeuue?
6oneuony rpeqsnnuce cneqykaue saqa+u;
1. / uaceqru Mno entMx Mrnt, a +epuMx ua 12 Mrnt oneae. Cronero Mno y uaceqru +epuMx Mrnt?
2. / uaceqru Mno 6 entMx Mrnt, a +epuMx ua 12 Mrnt oneae. Cronero scero Mrnt Mno y uaceqru?
3. / uaceqru Mno 6 entMx Mrnt, a +epuMx ua 12 Mrnt oneae. 8o cronero pas +epuMx Mrnt Mno oneae, +en entMx?
4. / uaceqru Mno 6 entMx Mrnt, a +epuMx ua 12 Mrnt oneae. 8o cronero pas entMx Mrnt Mno neueae, +en +epuMx?
3e npovumanu sadavu. D+u pas+ee unu odu+a|oeee? 8ce oquuarosMe, t. e. sooae-to ato oqua u ta e saqa+a. 6oneuony
rpeqnaraetc rostopute repsyk saqa+y. / uaceqru 6 Mrnt entMx, +epuMx 12, sua+ut... 12. Cronero Mno Mrnt? 6+12=18.
8aqa+a rpeqsnetc stopou pas. / uaceqru Mno entMx 6, a +epuMx ua 12 oneae... sua+ut, 12. la cronero +epuMx oneae?
8aqa+a rpeqsnetc tpetuu pas, u rposoqutc cosnectuMu c arcrepuneutatopon auanus. mo da+o e sadave? / uaceqru entMx
Mrnt, +epuMx ua 12 oneae. mo +ado ,s+ame? / uaceqru entMx, ua 12 oneae +epuMx... 8aMn. 6oneuony qaetc saqa+a
eae pas. mo +ado ,s+ame? Cronero Mno +epuMx?
Tarun opason, ronoae arcrepuneutatopa ro pac+neueuuk saqa+u ua ycnosue u roue+uMu sorpoc repesoqut
sece uutennertyaneuMu rpoecc ua ocosuauu- yposeue, +to oecre+usaet ycrex s peaeuuu saqa+ oneuMn
c nouMn cuuqponon. 0quaro ua sorpoc 0quuarosMe unu pasuMe saqa+u? oneuou ten ue neuee roctouuo
otse+an, +to atu saqa+u oquuarosMe, tonero cnosa s saqa+ax neuktc.
|a| ,d,m peaamec+ amu sadavu, odu+a|oeo unu no-pas+ov,? le qonuM ro-pasuony, neuktc seqe tonero cnosa... sqece... cronero
scero, sqece... cronero +epuMx, uy, a s atou so cronero pas. 8aqa+u-to oquuarosMe u peaaktc oquuaroso: 6+12=18.
8 atux orMtax ye ua yposue rpocteuaux saqa+ ouapyusaetc otcytctsue artusuou qeteneuoctu oneuMx
ro opueutuposre u auanusy saqa+ c enek ux cpasueuu, +to rpusoqut s utore r uapyaeuuk rouunauu saqa+,
r saneaeuuk roue+uMx sorpocos saqa+ rpocteuaun ctepeoturon c|one|o ececo. 0quu ctepeoturM senu r
artyanusauu qpyrux, artusuoe peaeuue saqa+ saneaanoce scrnMsakaunu aanouanu u rpocteuaunu
apunetu+ecrunu orepaunu cnoeuu (6+12); tarou croco peaeuu saqa+ xopoao unnkctpupyet
penpod,|mue+eu mun vecnumene+ou de+mene+ocmu.
5 8aras 833 | OQ
0rMtM cneqykaeu. III cepuu, s rotopou uccneqosanc npo(ecc eeopa uyuoro roue+uoro sorpoca r
saqauuony ycnosuk, rorasanu, +to rpu sMope sorpoca (us qauuMx r saqa+e) oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx
otqenos nosra pyrosoqctsosanuce artu+ecrun, rpeqnetuMn coqepauuen saqa+u, uo ue ee cnMcnon, ro-
topMu nean sa rourpetuMnu artanu. 0 aton csuqetenectsykt ue tonero canu pesynetatM sMronueuu
unu saqauuu, ronu+ectso u ra+ectso ux oauor rpu sMope uyuMx sorpocos, uo u xapartep qeteneuoctu
oneuMx ro sMopy aqersatuoro roue+uoro sorpoca. 8ce oneuMe, y+actsosasaue s orMtax, rocne
rpeqsneuu un ycnosu saqa+u u uecronerux sapuautos roue+uoro .sorpoca rocne Mctporo
rpocnatpusauu (+teuu) scex sorpocos cpasy e oeuusanu ux rar aqersatuMe. la cneqykaen atare orMta
nM creuaneuMnu qeuctsunu roueutpuposanu suunauue oneuMx ua auanuse roue+uMx sorpocos. C atou
enek oneuMn rpeqsnnuce sorpocM ro.oquony, u ux rpocunu coroctasute sorpoc c ycnosuen u rpo+utate
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
ux snecte. 8 atux cny+ax sce oneuMe otrnounu rar uecootsetctsykauu nuae oquu sorpoc, qaneruu u ro
cnMcny, u ro sua+euuk. PesynetatM sMronueuu saqauu s atux ycnosux rorasanu, +to sMop Mn
pesynetaton ue ronuoro auanusa ycnosu saqa+u u coroctasneuu c uun sorpoca, a nuae coroctasneuu
artu+ecrux qauuMx saqa+u.
Koue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u s atou cepuu orMtos ye ctauosutc rpeqneton qeuctsu, ten ue neuee u s aton
cny+ae oneuMe stopou rpyrrM ouapyunu uapyaeuue ocosuauu ocoou ponu roue+uoro sorpoca s ctpyrtype
saqa+u, rouunauu ero cnMcna u ero ssaunocssu c ycnosuen, a tare uapyaeuue rouunauu saqa+u rar
equuoro enoro u ssaunocssu .coqepauu saqa+u, ee cnMcna c orpeqeneuuou tarturou ee peaeuu u
cootsetctsykaunu natenatu+ecrunu orepaunu.
ouunauue u artusua qeteneuocte saneaanuce s oquux cny+ax ctepeoturanu u aanouanu, s qpyrux
unrynecusuMnu qeuctsu.+u, sMsMsaenMnu uerocpeqctseuuMnu sre+atneuunu, s tpeteux
repcesepaunu, s +etseptMx -rpyMn ucraeuuen u rouunauu, u peaeuu saqa+u.
puseqen cootsetctsykauu rpunep.
6oneuou 1. (uct. onesuu N 0984), 42 net, opasosauue cpequetexuu+ecroe. octyrun c quaruoson: mpaeva no+ex doneu vosca. |
noneuty uccneqosauu oneuou opueutuposau s necte u speneuu, uerputu+eu. Pe+e, ruosuc, rpar-cuc coxpauuM. pu uccneqosauuu
rantu ouapyusanuce sneuu routanuuauu u ratonoru+ecrou uueptuoctu, topnosunocte cneqosateau roo+uMnu qeuctsunu.
|nrynecusuocte, repcesepauu pesro sMpaeuM so scex uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccax.
6oneuony qaetc ycnosue saqa+u: la sMctasre s repson sane Mno 64 raptuuM, a so stopon n s 4 pasa neueae. 8orpocM:
1. Cronero raptuu Mno so stopon sane?
2. Cronero raptuu Mno s qsyx sanax snecte?
3. Cronero raptuu Mno s repson sane?
4. 8o cronero pas raptuu Mno so stopon sane neueae, +en s repson?
5. Cronero raptuu xyqouura Peruua Mno ua sMctasre?
130
peqnaraetc sMpate sorpoc, cootsetctsykauu saqauuony ycnosuk tar, +toM rony+unace ena saqa+a. ocne rony+euu saqauu
oneuou Mctpo +utaet ycnosue u sce sorpocM u rosoput, +to sce sorpocM roqxoqt. Torqa oneuony rostopuo qaetc uuctpyru u
rposepetc ee rouunauue u yqepauue; saten cuosa rpeqsnktc qauuMe sorpocM, uo ro oquony (s pasuon ropqre) c enek
cyeuu ron suunauu u sMqeneuu rpeqneta qn auanusa. puseqen sMrucry us rpotorona.
8orpoc 0eura oneuoro
8o cronero pas raptuu so stopon sane neueae,
+en s repson? Cronero raptuu xyqouura
Peruua Mno ua sMctasre?
Cronero raptuu Mno s repson sane?
Cronero raptuu Mno s qsyx sanax snecte?
Cronero raptuu Mno so stopon sane?
oqxoqut.
lonosa Mna M csea, M cpasy
cqenan... sooae-to ue roqxoqut, rpo
Peruua sqece (yrasMsaet ua ycnosue) ue
crasauo. 8 repson 64, rar pas roqxoqut. Vouo
ysuate. 3tot toe roqxoqut nouo
ysuate.
peqsnetc ycnosue saqa+u: Koi to a uen
octanoce 25 +enoser.
qa us xoposoro rpyra yanu 7 +enoser,
Cronero +enoser yano us rpyra? Cronero
Mno s rpyre ny+uu u cronero euauu? la
cronero +enoser s rpyre Mno oneae, +en
octanoce? Cronero +enoser Mno s rpyre
cua+ana? Cronero +enoser octanoce s
rpyre?
oqxoqut. 7 +enoser. le roqxoqut. po ato tyt
uet (rorasMsaet ua ycnosue). 8epuMu sorpoc.
oqxoqut. oqxoqut. 25.
Kar suquo us rpotorona orMta, oneuou rpu sMope sorpoca opueutupyetc ua artu+ecroe coqepaue
rpeqsneuuoro ycnosu saqa+u, sMupaet sorpocM, nusrue ro sua+euuk, uo qanerue ro cnMcny. 3to
rosoput o coxpauuoctu rouunauu ua yposue pe+esMx sua+euuu u +ap,ae+uu no+uva+u+ cvecna. To, +to
oneuou oeuusaet rar ueaqersatuMunsor'poc, qaneruu ro sua+euuk u ro cnMcny ot ycnosu saqa+u, tare
roq+eprusaet ato ronoeuue, tar rar rpu oeure qauuoro sorpoca ou pyrosoqctsyetc artu+ecrun
coqepauuen ycnosu (rpo ato tyt uet, rpo Peruua tyt ue crasauo) u ue orupaetc ua cnMcnosyk ocuosy
saqa+u, ue rpoussoqut auanutu+ecrou u cuutetu+ecrou paotM ro cootueceuuk ycnosu saqa+u u qauuMx r
ueu sorpocos.
8ce oauru nouo pasqenute ua 3 rpyrrM:
1. 8aneaeuue roue+uoro sorpoca: a) oquun us qauuMx ycnosu, ) rponeyto+uMn sorpocon.
2. 1opnynuposauue eccnMcneuuMx sorpocos.
3. 0tcytctsue roctauosru sorpoca.
lauonee +actMnu oauranu snktc oauru repsou rpyrrM.
I 8aneua roue+uoro sorpoca oquun us qauuMx ycnosu xapartepua qn ropaeuu saque-nouMx otqenos
nosra u snetc cunrtonon repcesepauu; saneua rponeyto+uMn sorpocon xapartepua
| qn oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouo-asaneuMx otqenos nosra, u rpoteraet oua s cuuqpone unrynecusuoctu.
0auru stopou rpyrrM ouapyusaktc rpu scex sapuautax nouoro cuuqpona, uo rpu
rpyou ero sMpaeuuoctu. Tpete rpyrra oauor, rar rpasuno, rosnetc rpu qsyctopouuux ropaeuux
nouMx otqenos nosra.
Tarun opason, u s atou cepuu orMtos, s rotopou ot oneuMx tpeosanace oneaa artusuocte ro auanusy
saqa+u, qetepnuuupykaun suunauue u qeteneuocte oneuoro orasanoce ycnosue saqa+u, uo ue sorpocM r
ueu, xot s aton cny+ae orMt Mn roctpoeu tarun opason, +to suunauue oneuoro ctunynuposanoce one-
aun pasuoopasuen r-oue+uMx sorpocos. 3ta cepu orMtos cuosa rorasana y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon
uapyaeuue rouunauu eutpaneuou ponu roue+uoro sorpoca s ctpyrtype saqa+u, ero cnMcna, uqyaue s
cuuqpone uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
8 IV cepuu orMtos tpeosanoce canoctoteneuo uautu u copnynuposate roue+uMu sorpoc r saqauuony
ycnosuk saqa+u.
+toM roctasute roue+uMu sorpoc r ycnosuk saqa+u, ueoxoquno rpoauanusuposate qauuMe ycnosu c ten,
+toM route coqepaauec s uen noru+ecrue u noruro-natenatu+ecrue otuoaeuu. Tonero rocne atou
paotM no no+uva+us ycnosu saqa+u, ee cnMcna ctauosutc sosnouMn sMop us sosuurakaux anetep-
uatus u roctauosra uyuoro sorpoca. |neuuo tarun opason rpoterano sMronueuue qauuoro saqauu s uopne
u y oneuMx repsou rpyrrM. octauosra roue+uoro sorpoca r qauuony ycnosuk y one+ex c no+ev
cu+dpovov orasanace rpartu+ecru uesosnouou. /cnosue saqa+u es roue+uoro sorpoca socrpuuunanoce
oneuMnu rar sa|o+ve++a+ saqa+a. 8 atou cssu rposoqunoce qoronuuteneuoe pascueuue ctpyrtypM
saqa+u, u tonero rocne atoro cuosa rpeqsnnoce ycnosue saqa+u, -rpeqnaranoce rostopute ero u
copnynuposate roue+uMu sorpoc. auuMe rorasanu, +to s 100% cny+aes oneuMe c nouMn cuuqponon ue
crpasnnuce c atun saqauuen, oquaro oauru uocunu pasnu+uMu xapartep.
+to racaetc rpoterauu canou qeteneuoctu oneuMx ro roctauosre sorpoca r saqa+e, to cneqyet otnetute,
+to atu oneuMe uurorqa ue cootuocunu copnynuposauuMu unu sorpoc c ycnosuen saqa+u, ue rpueranu r
rostopuony rpo+teuuk ycnosu, csou qeuctsu scerqa oeuusanu ronouteneuo. 3ta cepu orMtos roq-
tsepquna uaae rpeqronoeuue o ton, +to y nouMx oneuMx rostopeuue saqa+u uapyaaetc uneuuo s sseue
socrpousseqeuu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u us-sa qeertos eneuarpasneuuou qeteneuoctu, +to u rpusoqut
r uapyaeuuk rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u, r uerpasuneuony ee peaeuuk.
Paccnotpun sMronueuue orucauuoro saqauu oneuMn 0. (qauuMe uctopuu onesuu rpuseqeuM sMae). 6oneuony qaetc ycnosue
saqa+u: 0qua puraqa sMronuuna paoty sa 19 queu, a qpyraua 2 qu Mctpee.. 8M npovumanu non+eu me|cm sadavu unu
+enon+eu? F ue opatun suunauu, qa u ue saronuun. povumaume sadav, e(e pas. ocne stopu+uoro rpo+teuu oneuou
rostopet saqa+y: 0qua, sua+ut, sa 19 queu, a qpyra sa 2 qu. 3adava non+a+ unu +em? Koue+uo, sce ronuoctek. 8 ueu sce ecte,
sce qauo. / vmo ,s+ame +ado e sadave, mav c|asa+o? Koue+uo, repsa puraqa sa 19 queu, a qpyra sa 2 qu, sot u sce ysuanu.
lem, e sadave omc,mcme,em |o+ev+eu eonpoc, e |omopov +,+o copv,nupoeame mo, vmo +,+o ,s+ame e sadave. mo e sadave
+,+o ,s+ame? 8orpoc?!
Tar, sorpoc... tar seqe sce ussectuo19 u 2, oneae ysuasate uu+ero ue uaqo. povumaume sadav, e(e pas u opamume e+uva+ue
+a mo, sa c|one|o d+eu eenon+una paom, emopa+ pucada. 6oneuou +utaet saqa+y: Tar, oqua puraqa sMronuuna paoty sa 19 queu.
ly, u rosopun. A stopa ua 2 qu Mctpee. 8ot, Mctpee, sot sa 2 qu u sMronuuna. l,, a vmo ,s+ame +ado e sadave? Voem
eme, ve ma|ou eonpoc nocmaeuv sa c|one|o d+eu eenon+una paom, dp,ca+ pucada? 3mo npaeune+o, |a| 3e cvumaeme? ly,
nouo, roue+uo, u tar. n vmo 3e cdenaeme dn+ amoco? ocvompume e(e pas me|cm sadavu. ly, torqa 19 + 2. 8ce. paeune+o 3e
peaunu? Vouo u tar, a nouo 19 u 2.
Eae onee ot+etnuso qeertM rouunauu ponu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u u qeertM rouunauu ee cnMcna
ouapyusanuce rpu paote oneuoro c onee cnouMnu saqa+anu.
Tarun opason, s atou cepuu orMtos, rar u s rpeqMqyaux, ua rpunepe roctauosru roue+uoro sorpoca r
ycnosuk apunetu+ecrou saqa+u nM ouapyunu, +to nMcnuteneua qeteneuocte rpu ropaeuuu nouMx
qoneu nosra uapyaaetc repsu+uo, s oquux cny+ax us-sa qeertos eneuarpasneuuoctu u artusuou qetene-
uoctu, s qpyrux us-sa unrynecusuoctu, s tpeteux us-sa rpyoro pacraqa sceu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu. 3tu qeertM senu r uapyaeuuk rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u, ero cssu c roue+uMn ee sorpocon,
rotopMu u snetc arrynyntopon cnMcna. lecnotp ua coxpauuocte pe+u, t.. e. ua coxpauuocte rouunauu
artu+ecrou ctopouM tercta, rouunauue cnMcna scex ssaunocsseu oertusuMx peanuu, sarnk+euuMx s
uen, ux ssaunosasucunoctu uapyaeuo. lapyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna u seqet r qeertan nMcnuteneuou
qeteneuoctu s rpoecce peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+.
Ecnu cpasuute natepuanM atou cepuu orMtos c qauuMnu I cepuu, to nM ouapyun cxoqctso oauor, rotopMe
unenu necto rar s saqauux rpoctoro rostopeuu saqa+u (I cepu), tar u s saqauux artusuou roctauosru'
sorpoca r qauuony ycnosuk. 3tot natepuan rossonet eae pas yequtec s ton sua+euuu, rotopoe uneet
rostopeuue qn qaneueuaero xoqa peaeuu saqa+u, +to ouo ue snetc axonanu+ecrun otpaeuuen
sepaneuou ctopouM saqa+u, a ecte oquo us sseuees s rocneqosateneuou eru orepauu ro peaeuuk saqa+u.
oemope+ue mec+o ce+sa+o c a+anumu|o-cu+memuvee|du de+mene+ocmes c,se|ma, pes,nemamov
|omopou +en+emc+ no+uva+ue cvecna sadavu. ostopeuue rar oquu us yposueu rosuasateneuou
qeteneuoctu cssauo c rouunauuen saqa+u, eutpaneuoe e necto s ctpyrtype saqa+u rpuuaqneut ee
roue+uony sorpocy, rouunauue rotoporo u uapyaeuo y atux oneuMx.
ony+euuMu uanu arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan rossonet cqenate sMsoq, roqtsepqakauu uaay rurotesy:
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ropaeuue nouMx otqenos nosra seqet r ronrnercuony uapyaeuuk opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou
qeteneuoctu, qeteneuoctu rnauuposauu u routpon. laa natepuan yrasan u ua cyaectsosauue pasuMx
opn uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra, rcuxonoru+ecra
ctpyrtypa rotopMx pasnu+ua. 8 oquux cny+ax (ropaeuue asaneuMx otqe-
nos nosra) s eutpe neut uapyaeuue ctouroctu suunauu, s qpyrux (ropaeuue repequux otqenos nouMx
qoneu) repsu+uoe uapyaeuue rpoeccos auanusa u cuutesa, s tpeteux (ropaeuue saque-nouMx otqenos)
. uapyaeuue rpoeccos repernk+euu. 8o scex cny+ax uapyaaetc opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra
qeteneuocte, rnauuposauue u routpone.
VM rpatro orucanu oayk raptuuy uapyaeuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx u
teneuuo-satM-no+uMx onacteu nosra (ua rpunepe peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+), cqenanu rorMtry qate
auanus ctpyrtypM u nexauusnos uapyaeuu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, ux sasucunocte ot ropaeuu atux
onacteu nosra u srnaqa cootsetctsykaux sou nosra s uutennertyaneuyk qeteneuocte. VM rony+unu
roqtsepqeuu rurotesM o sauou ponu rpoecca rouunauu s nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu, rpeqe scero
rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u (ue tonero apunetu+ecrou, uo u nkou qpyrou, sMpaeuuou sepaneuMnu
cpeqctsanu). poecc rouunauu uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuux nosra ro-pasuony, u nexauusnM ero uapyaeuu
sasuct ot toruru ropaeuu nosrosMx ctpyrtyp-. 8 oquux cny+ax rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra
rouunauue uapyaaetc repsu+uo u seqet r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk nMcnuteneuoro arta, s qpyrux rpu
ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx onacteu rouunauue uapyaaetc stopu+uo us-sa qeertos rouunauu
sepaneuMx cpeqcts sMpaeuu saqa+u, u nManeuue s aton cny+ae toe uapyaaetc, uo stopu+uo.
4. CPA8l|TEblb| AlA|8 lAP/LEl|| 8EP6Abl0-0l|+ECK0l0 | lAlFl0l0 VbLEl|F
8osuuraet sorpoc: snetc nu uapyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna o(uv cuvnmovov, neaaun s ocuose
uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu npu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra, unu +actuMn, xapartepuMn
nuae qn sepaneuo-noru+ecroro suqa nManeuu? 8 atou cssu sctakt u onee oaue sorpocM: unektc nu
oaue xapartepucturu (unu rapanetpM) uapyaeuu sepaneuoro u uesepaneuoro suqos nManeuu unu
tonero creuu+ecrue qn raqoro us uux; oquuaroso nu snuet ropaeuue nosra ua sce suqM nMcnuteneuou
qeteneuoctu unu creuu+ecrun opason s sasucunoctu u ot toruru ropaeuu, u ot suqa nManeuu?
+toM otsetute ua atu sorpocM, s enon 0ckauec rpupoqM u rcuxonoru+ecrux nexauusnos uapyaeuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, nM rposenu cepuk arcrepuneutos ro usy+euuk uarnquo-opasuoro suqa
nManeuu y tex e*ucreu-y*nMx. Vatepuanon uan rocnyunu cketuMe raptuuru, rar otqeneuMe, tar u
cepuu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor, s rotopMx cket passopa+usaetc roctereuuo u rocneqosateneuo.
|sy+euue rpoecca rouunauu oneuMnu cketuMx raptuuor u ux cepuu usqasua u auporo ucronesosanoce s
rnuuure nosro-



Puc. 7. Cepu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor pasuou ctereuu cnouoctu (! ctereue).
sMx ropaeuuu qn usy+euu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, s ton +ucne u uarnquo-opasuoro nManeuu.
Vetoqura ua rouunauue coqepauu (cketa) u cnMcna cketuMx raptuuor u ux cepuu sarnk+aetc s ton.,
+to oneuMn rpeqsnetc cepu cketuMx raptuuor u qaetc uuctpyru pasnoute raptuuru s uyuou
rocneqosateneuoctu. n atoro oneuMe qonuM rposectu auanus uarnquoro natepuana, sMqenute
cyaectseuuMe aneneutM u otqenute ux ot uecyaectseuuMx, cuutesuposate cyaectseuuMe aneneutM tar,
+toM rony+unc cket u sMctyruno ocuosuoe cnMcnosoe coqepauue sceu cepuu. 8Mqeneuue cnMcna
tpeyet ot ucrMtyenoro rposeqeuu pqa ynosarnk+euuu.
8 nutepatype ecte qauuMe, yrasMsakaue ua uapyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna cepuu cketuMx raptuuor
oneuMnu c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra. Tar, ussectuMu rcuxonor 6. 8. 8eurap-uur
1
yrasMsana s csoux
paotax, +to yctauosneuue noru+ecrou cssu neqy uecronerunu raptuuranu orasMsaetc rpartu+ecru
ueqoctyruMn qn oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon. 8 pauuux uccneqosauux astopa qauuou ruuru tare
otne+anoce uapyaeuue y nouMx oneuMx rouunauu uneuuo cnMcna cepuu rocneqosateneuMx cketuMx
raptuuor rpu coxpauuoctu rouunauu ux artu-
Cn.: 8eurapuur 6, 8. atonoru nManeuu. V., 1965.

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Puc. 8. Cepu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor pasuou ctereuu cnouoctu (II ctereue).
+ecroro coqepauu
1
. 8 uactoaux orMtax nM cqenanu rorMtry uccneqosate tare u rouunauue ponu -
rocnequeu, rnk+esou raptuuru qn rouunauu oaero cnMcna cketa oneuMnu c noraneuMnu ropaeuunu
nosra. 3ty cepuk orMtos nM roctpounu ro tou e norure, +to u sepaneuMe cepuu orMtos. 8 I cepuu
uccneqosanace crocouocte oneuMx r rouunauuk cnMcna cepuu cketuMx raptuuor ryten: a) uaxoqeuun
rpasuneuou rocneqosateneuoctu; ) yctuoro repecrasa usopaeuuoro ua uux cketa; s) opnynuposauu
cnMcna cketa. C atou enek oneuMn rpeqsnnuce +etMpe cepuu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor pasuou
ctereuu cnouoctu, rotopMe srnk+anu ot 3 qo 6 raptuuor (puc. 7, 8, 9, 10).

Cn.: setrosa . C. leuporcuxonoru+ecra peaunutau oneuMx. V., 1985.
Puc. 9. Cepu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor pasuou ctereuu cnouoctu (III ctereue)
II cepu orMtos Mna roctpoeua ro auanoruu c cepueu orMtos c uesarou+euuMnu apunetu+ecrunu saqa+anu,
s rotopMx ot oneuMx tpeosanoce uautu r qauuou saqa+e aqersatuMu roue+uMu sorpoc. lo tonero s
uesepaneuou cepuu oneuMn rpeqnaranoce sMpate us uecronerux raptuuor aqersatuyk saqauuou cepuu
rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor roue+uyk, rnk+esyk raptuury. Koue+uMe raptuuru (raptuuru-rouM), rar u
roue+uMe sorpocM r apunetu+ecrun saqa+an, Mnu nusrue ro otqeneuMn aneneutan, ro sua+euuk, uo
qanerue ro cnMcny u, uaoopot, qanerue rar rk sueauun uarnquMn aneneutan, tar u ro sua+euuk, uo
nusrue ro cnMcny. 0t oneuMx tpeosanoce uautu raptuury-roue qauuou eny cepuu rocneqosateneuMx
cketuMx raptuuor. 3tou cepueu nM xotenu coroctasute sosnouocte oneuMx orepuposate uarnquMn u
sepaneuMn natepuanon rpu peaeuuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+, s rotopMx tpeosanoce uautu orou+auue saqa+u.
8 atou e cepuu nM cqenanu rorMtry uccneqosate pone, sepanusauu uarnquoro natepuana qn rouunauu
ero coqepauu u cnMcna. C atou enek oneuMn rpeqsnnc uesarou+euuMu paccras ro cepuu cketuMx
raptuuor, a roue oneuou qoneu Mn sMpate us tpex rpeqsneuuMx eny raptuuor-rouos (puc. II).
8 orMte rpuunu y+actue qse rpyrrM ucrMtyenMx: 1 - rpyrra


Puc. 10. Cepu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor pasuou ctereuu cnouoctu (IV ctereue).
7 oneuMx c ropaeuuen c, teneluo-satMno+uMx onacteu nosra u 2- rpyrra 10 oneuMx c
ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra.
8 arcrepuneute y+actsosanu te e oneuMe, +to u s sepaneuMx cepux orMtos ro peaeuuk
apunetu+ecrux saqa+.
8 I cepuu orMtos oneuMn rpeqnaranuce rocneqosateneuMe raptuuru s rpoussoneuon ropqre, u ot uux
tpeosanoce uautu uyuyk rocneqosateneuocte sceu cepuu raptuuor u pasnoute ux s rpasuneuon ropqre,
cootsetctsykaen ckety. pu paote c rpyrranu raptuuor I u II ctereuu cnouoctu (puc. 7, 8) y oneuMx c
ropaeuuen meve++o-samenov+ex onacmeu vosca ue Mno ouapyeuo cronero-uuyqe sanetuMx
tpyquocteu. 0uu artusuo paotanu c raptuuranu paccnatpusanu, coroctasnnu, anououaneuo u aqersatuo
pearuposanu ua coqepauue raptuuor u Mctpo uaxoqunu ux ropqor, rpasuneuo paccrasMsanu coqepauue u
oeuusanu cnMcn sceu cepuu raptuuor.'
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou 3. (qauuMe rpuseqeua sMae), pasnous repsyk rpyrry raptuuor {yteuor, Mrneuor), crasan: onor Mrneury yteuor,
crac ero. / +a nepeou |apmu+|e o+u ,s+anu dp,c dp,ca? 0uu yqusunuce. 8topyk, rpyrry oneuou Mctpo u non+a pasnoun s
rpasuneuon ropqre u orucan coqepauue: 0eseuM rpu+at cnouy, +toM ronor ryratec. 0u peaun rono+e? Csoun xooton
uanun... rar us qyaa soqM. ony+unc naneueruu rpyqur; ouu paqM, ryraktc. 3 vev cvecn amoco pacc|asa? Tar, s +en s qpye,
s xopoaen... uet, s qopote.
lerotopMe satpyqueuu sosuuranu y oneuMx atou rpyrrM s paote c rpyrranu raptuuor III u IV ctereuu
cnouoctu (cn. puc. 9, 10). 6oneuMe u s aton cny+ae artusuo paotanu, uo roqonry paccnatpusanu u
coroctasnnu raptuuru qpyr c qpyron, qenanu uecronero rorMtor uautu ux rocneqosateneuocte, y uux
sosuuranu tpyquoctu s roucre noru+ecrou cssu neqy uunu.
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Puc.
11. lesarou+euua cepu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor u raptuuru-rouM>
r ueu.
0quaro nerra roqcrasra co ^ctopouM arcrepuneutatopa (yrasMsanace repsa raptuura), qakaa ton+or r
rouunauuk ua+ana cketa, Mctpo roqxsatMsanace oneuMnu, rocne +ero ouu rpa-| suneuo pacrnaqMsanu u
paccrasMsanu sck cepuk raptuuor. |uorqa ucronesosanc qpyrou suq ronoau repeq oneuMn sMrnaqM-
sanace cepu raptuuor s uyuon ropqre, oneuou cnotpen ua atot ropqor, saten sce raptuuru
cneausanuce, u oneuou qoneu i
;
Mn canoctoteneuo pasnoute aty e cepuk raptuuor. ocne tarou
ronoau oneuMe ue ucrMtMsanu uurarux satpyqueuuu s rouunauuu noru+ecrux csseu neqy raptuuranu u s
uaxoqeuuu ropqra ux pacronoeuu.
3tu orMtM rorasanu, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra ue ouapyusaktc cronero-
uuyqe sanetuMe uapyaeuu rouunauu cnMcna uarnquoro natepuana. oqtsepqeuue atony nM rony+unu u
s cepuu orMtos, s rotopMx oneuMe qonuM Mnu sMpate uyuyk raptuury, sasepaakayk qauuyk cepuk
raptuuor. Auanus natepuana orMtos rorasan, +to sce oneuMe es tpyqa uaxoqunu aty raptuury.
0quaro ecnu pes,nemame sMronueuu saqauuu s uarnquMx cepux orMtos rpartu+ecru ue otnu+anuce ot
sMronueuu atux
saqauuu sqoposMnu ucrMtyenMnu, to npome|a+ue rpoecca sMronueuu saqauuu, rar rorasan auanus,
uesua+uteneuo, uo sce-taru otnu+aetc y rpyrrM oneuMx u sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. 0tnu+ue ouapyusaetc
rpeqe scero s ,eenuve+uu epeve+u, ueoxoqunoro oneuMn ua opaotry uarnquoro natepuana u qn
rpuutu peaeuu ro ropqry pacronoeuu raptuuor. Can rpo ecc rouunauu rpoteraet y rpyrrM teneuuo-
satMno+uMx oneuMx ua onee ocosuauuon u rpoussoneuon yposue, ctpyrtypa rpoecca ctauosutc onee
passepuytou ro coctasy orepauu, s to spen rar y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx rpoecc s sua+uteneuou ctereuu
astonatusuposau u corpaaeu. 3tu qauuMe noryt rosopute o uesua+uteneuMx uapyaeuux du+avu|u npo(ecca
veane+u+, rposnkauxc s usneueuuu cropoctu ero rpoterauu, ctpyrtypM, s paseep+,mocmu rpoecca s
ero orepauouaneuou +actu, s repexoqe rpoecca ua sMcororpoussoneuMu yposeue rpoterauu, s ysenu+euuu
ronu+ectsa routponupykaux qeuctsuu u t. q.
Tarun opason, rpu ropaeuuu meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra repsu+uo octaetc coxpauuou uarnquo-
opasua opna nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu: oneuMe ysuakt cketuMe raptuuru, rouunakt ux sua+euue u
cnMcn, uaxoqt noru+ecrue cssu neqy otqeneuMnu raptuuranu, sMctyrakaunu s ra+ectse rocneqosa-
teneuo pacronoeuuMx aneneutos unu +acteu enoctuoro cketa. 0quaro usve++emc+ ,poee+e, +a |omopov
npome|asm +e|omopee onepa(uu, u ctereue ux astonatusauu s ctopouy ux qeastonatu-sauu u
ocosuauuoctu xapartepa ux rpoterauu.
8ua+unMu aert s rouunauuu cepuu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor, a tare s enon u s oprauusauu
qeuctsuu oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra orasMsaet comp,d+uvecmeo
arcrepuneutatopa u oneuoro: oneuMe nerro sctyrakt s oaeuue u ucronesykt ero rar oropy .s csoeu
qeensuoc, a tare pe+e arcrepuneutatopa u coctseuuyk pe+e, rotopa sMronuet rar M
oprauusykayk, perynupykayk u routponupykayk pone.
6oneuMe c ropaeuuen no+ex cucmev vosca rorasanu rpuuuruaneuo uuyk raptuuy rpoterauu larnquo-
opasuoro nManeuu. 8auMn artopon qn oneuMx atou rpyrrM rpu sMronueuuu saqauuu c cepunu
cketuMx raptuuor sunace ctereue sMpaeuuoctu uapyaeuu rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos. 8 cny+ae uerpyo
sMpaeuuoro nouoro cuuqpona sMronueuue qauuoro saqauu orasMsanoce qn uux otuocuteneuo qoctyruMn:
ouu pacronaranu cepuk s rpasuneuon ropqre, coctasnnu aqersatuMu yctuMu paccras ro raptuuran,
sMqennu u yqepusanu equuyk cketuyk nuuuk. lo qae s atux narorony+uMx* cny+ax unenu necto
cunrtonM, csuqetenectsykaue o uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu: otne+anuce parneutapuocte
u equocte (nercu+ecra, rpannatu+ecra u cketua) ux paccrasos; sMqen cketuyk nuuuk, oneuMe ue
scerqa canoctoteneuo nornu route cnMcn cepuu raptuuor, a sMqenus, ue scerqa ero yqepusanu.
CocranesMsanu ua roo+uMe rosepxuoctuMe sre+atneuu. pu uesua+uteneuon ycnoueuuu cepuu oneuMe
ye coscen ue nornu sMronuute saqauuu: ue nornu uu uautu uyuyk rocneqosateneuocte raptuuor, uu
sMqenute equuou noru+ecrou u cnMcnosou cssu neqy otqeneuMnu aneneutanu (raptuuranu) oaero
cketa. Cana qeteneuocte oneuMx c raptuuranu Mna ueeneuarpasneuuou, saneaanace parneutapuMnu
qeuctsunu, otcytctsosanu orepauu coroctasneuu (cpasueuu) raptuuor qpyr c qpyron u routpon, +to
rosoput o uapyaeuuu opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrux u auanutu+ecrux qeuctsuu y oneuMx c nouMn
cuuqponon (qae s rpyrre c uesMpaeuuMn nouMn cuuqponon).
0quaro cneqyet otnetute, +to qeteneuocte atou roqrpyrrM oneuMx nouo Mno oprauusosate c ronoaek
uerotopMx qoronuuteneuMx cpeqcts; sepaneuMx rpeqsneuue arcrepuneutatopon yctuoro (ruceneuuoro)
paccrasa cketa, usopaeuuoro ua atux raptuurax, u uesepaneuMx roras rpasuneuoro ropqra raptuuor
cepuu, oprauusau u uarpasneuue suunauu oneuoro ua sMronueuue saqauu u qp. oqoua ronoae
rpusoquna oneuMx r sosnouoctu yctauosneuu noru+ecrou cssu neqy raptuuranu, r uaxoqeuuk ux
rocneqosateneuoctu u rossonna oneuMn route ux cnMcn.
+to racaetc roqrpyrrM oneuMx c rpyMn nouMn cuuqponon, to qn uux sMronueuue qae rpoctMx
saqauuu (I, II ctereue cnouoctu) orasMsanoce rpartu+ecru uesosnouMn. eneuarpasneuua qeteneuocte
ro auanusy u cuutesy rpeqsneuuMx aneneutos (raptuuor) saneaanace nauurynuposauuen c otqeneuMnu
raptuuranu. Paccras cketa ocuosMsanc ua parneutapuon socrputuu otqeneuMx rpeqnetos (unu ux
qetaneu), usopaeuuMx ua raptuurax. lepeqro rpoqyrtusua qeteneuocte ro auanusy u ocnMcneuuk
rpeqsneuuoro pqa raptuuor saneaanace rpoctMn repe+ucneuuen (uasMsauuen) atux raptuuor u ux
aneneutos es rorMtor r ocnMcneuuk ux ssaunocssu.
puneueuue yrasauuMx sMae sepaneuMx u uesepaneuMx cpeqcts qn oprauusauu qeteneuoctu oneuMx
ue rpusoquno r ycrexy oneuMe ue uaxoqunu uyuou rocneqosateneuoctu raptuuor, ue sMsnnu
noru+ecrou cssu neqy uunu u ue rouunanu cnMcna, sanoeuuoro s atux cepux raptuuor.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuou K. (uct. onesuu N 48579), 24 net, ctyqeut. uaruos: tena om|pema+ vepen+o-voscoea+ mpaeva c nuoroocrone+atMn repenonon nesou
nouou roctu u pasnoseuuen no+ex qoneu nosra. 6oneuou Mn orepuposau s |uctutyte ueupoxupypruu; ua orepauu yqaneuM roctuMe ocronru u
cyqypaneuMe u uutpaepepaneuMe renatonM. K noneuty uaaero uccneqosauu (+epes roq) y oneuoro unena necto cneqykaa raptuua.
leuporcuxonoru+ecroe uccneqosauue (A. P. ypu). 6oneuou opueutuposau s necte u speneuu, xopoao ysuaet orpyakaux, ronuut saqauue, rotopoe
ou sMronun paueae. 8 ranate ou urpaet s aaxnatM, +utaet, uo ue noet paccrasate, +to rpo+utan. pu oertusuon uccneqosauuu: sce suqM
rparcuca coxpauuM, uet pe+esMx pacctpoucts, uapyaeuu +teuu, rucena, c+eta, uet tpyquocteu s sMronueuuu cnouMx rporpann.
6oneuou xopoao repeqaet paccrasM, uo rocne tpex paccrasos nerro saMsaet oquu us uux u qae ue suaet, rpeqsnnuce eny qsa
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
unu tpu paccrasa, ten 6onee ou ue noet pacronoute ux s rocneqosateneuoctu. 6oneuou es tpyqa rouunaet coqepauue cketuMx
raptuuor. 0quaro ato rouunauue orpauu+usaetc tonero repeqa+eu sueauero cketa. epexoq ot sueauero cketa r suytpeuueny
anououaneuony cnMcny oneuony ueqoctyreu. Tar, ou otrasMsaetc uuteprpetuposate uactpoeuue qeuctsykaux nu raptuuM u
coscen ue noet qate passepuytoe co+uueuue ro raptuue. lauonee rpyMu qeert sMctyraet y uero rpu repexoqe ot repeqa+u
rpo+utauuoro paccrasa r canoctoteneuony passepuytony co+uueuuk ua saqauuyk teny. 8qece oneuou ouapyusaet rpyeuauu
qeert u, uarpunep, rpu saqauuu coctasute co+uueuue ua teny Cesep rosoput; Tan xonoquouy u sce unu saneuet paccras
aanouanu: 8una, rpecteuuu topectsyet... lurarue rorMtru rony+ute canoctoteneuMu tsop+ecruu paccras ue -yqaktc, t. c.
rpoqyrtusuoe passepuytoe sMcrasMsauue saneaaetc y uero perpoqyrueu ussectuMx pe+esMx aanouos.
Tarun opason, s ueuporcuxonoru+ecrou raptuue saonesauu y oneuoro sMctyrakt qsa rpyo sMpaeuuMx
pesuqyaneuMx qeerta: 1) rpyeuaee usneueuue aertusuou cepM c pacraqon rpo+uMx aertusuMx
repeusauuu, coxpauunuce tonero rpatrospeneuuMe aertusuMe paspqM; 2) ctone e rpya pesuqyane-
ua acroutauuocte, rotopa rposnetc s uesosnouoctu canoctoteneuo nocmpoume npocpavv,, uua+e
rosop rpyeuaee uapyaeuue rpoqyrtusuoro tsop+ecroro soopaeuu rpu otuocuteneuou coxpauuoctu
perpoqyrtusuoro soopaeuu. Ko sceny atony u csoqutc pesuqyaneuMu rpepoutaneuo-asaneuMu
cuuqpon, uankqaenMu y oneuoro.
nccnedoea+ue no+uva+u+ csema, usopaeuuoro ua cepuu raptuuor, sMsuno cneqykaee. 6oneuony, rar
rpasuno, Mno qoctyruo sMronueuue qauuoro saqauu. 0u pacronaran raptuuru cepuu s rpasuneuon ropqre,
sMqenn usopaeuuMu cket. pasqa, paccras ero otnu+anc cketuou u nercu+ecrou equoctek. pu
rpeqsneuuu onee cnouou rocneqosateneuoctu y oneuoro sosuuranu ueoneaue uapyaeuu. 0u
oauo+uo pacronaran otqeneuMe raptuuru, ue oequun ux noru+ecru, paotan rar M c raqou raptuurou
otqeneuo.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuony qaetc cepu raptuuor III eteueuu*cnouoctu (cn. puc. 9). 0u pacronaraet raptuuru s cneqykaen ropqre: 231, u
paccrasMsaet: uca rorute copanace (yrasMsaet ua raptuury 2). apeue ryranc (3). uca ecte saxotena (ytra s ronose). Kar nM
suqun, oneuou parneutapuo oeuusaet otqeneuMe raptuuru, ue oequu ux s equuoe enoe. lr rpeqsneuue cepuu s
rpasuneuon ropqre u uarpasneuue suunauu oneuoro ua sMronueuue saqauu rpusoqt r rpasuneuony sM+neueuuk cketuou
nuuuu- qauuou rocneqosateneuoctu raptuuor. 6oneuou rosoput: A, roun (cneetc). 8ua+ut, nuca qynana oquo, a sMano qpyroe.
ynana ytra, a raau ee uaryran.
Terepe rpocnequn yneuue oneuoro cootuectu terct c cepueu raptuuor. Tar, s paote c raptuuranu IV ctereuu cnouoctu (cn puc.
*0)
1
oneuou pacronaraet raptuuru s ropqre 4312. lo rpeqrsneuuepaccrasa ro qauuou cepuu, ctunynu r qeuctsuk
rpusoqt r rpasuneuony sMronueuuk saqauu.
pocnequn rpoecc sMronueuu qauuoro saqauu qpyrun oneuMn, y rotoporo r noneuty uaaero
uccneqosauu unenu necto rpyMe uapyaeuu rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos.
6oneuou 1. (uct. onesuu N 50984), 42 net, opasosauue cpequetexuu+ecroe, | nft rpoeccuu toprosMu paotuur. uaruos: ,au
no+ex doneu vosca ooux ronyaapuu, cyapaxuouqaneuoe rposousnuuue. pu ocneqosauuu sMsneuM ua-pyeuu yuruu
repsu+uMx oouteneuMx opasosauuu s nouo-asaneuMx otqenax nosra, ctsonosMe u saquenosrosMe cunrtonM. la 33l sMsneuM
rpyMe oaenosrosMe usneueuu s opne qonuuupykaeu neqneuuou artusuoctu, rpeonaqauue neqneuuMx sonu s repequux
otqenax ooux ronyaapuu c oneaeu sauutepecosauuoctek nesou nouo-suco+uou onactu. Creuaneuoe uccneqosauue uu-
tennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu oneuoro rorasano rpyoe ee uapyaeuue. 0t+etnusMe qeertM unenu necto y oneuoro rpu repeqa+e
coqepauu cketuMx raptuu. 6oneuou unrynecusuo repe+ucnn otqeneuMe usopaeuuMe rpeqnetM, ue nor ynosute qae suou
cketuou cutyauu,' artu+ecroro coqepauu raptuuM. ouunauue cnMcna raptuuM Mno ueqoctyruo qn oneuoro. Tar e rar u s
orMtax c auanuson nutepatypuoro tercta, oneuou parneutapuo sMxsatMsan otqeneuMe rpeqnetM cutyauu u ua aton ocuosauuu
qenan ynosarnk+euue o xapartepe raptuuM s enon.
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuony rpeqsnetc raptuua 8. 8. yrupesa lepasuMu par. Paccras oneuoro: Vy+uua u euauua. 0auu repcouan s
raron-to saseqeuuu. 0tne+akt rpasquur. |a|ou npasd+u|? Karou-to rpectoneuMu, qeue poqeuu... Tpyquo crasate. 8ot qesyara.
(lesecta.) 8ot ny+uua (csaeuuur) aarry qeput.
Eae onee rpyMe qeertM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu sMctyranu y oneuoro, rorqa eny rpeqnaranoce saqauue coctasute
yctuoe co+uueuue ua saqauuyk teny.
puseqen rpunep. Tena epsoe ceutp.
Paccras oneuoro: K sune qeno... pasquurnec ceutpecruu, rpasquur... rpasquur y ny+uu u euauu. / neu, uarpunep, 19
ceutp qeue poqeuu... pasquur y scex, y ny+uu... y euauu u s napte. mo sa de+e nepeoe ce+m+p+? epsoe ceutp
otne+akt rpasquur, y ny+uu u euauu. Coupakt se+ep, roryrakt roqapru. 8ctpe+uMu nec.
Coctasneuue yctuoro co+uueuu ua saqauuyk teny saneaaetc y oneuoro repcesepaunu, ctepeoturuMnu
pasanu, nu+uMnu srnk+euunu ro rosoqy tenM. 8ece rpoecc rnauupyenou qeteneuoctu orasMsaetc
pacrasaunc.
8Mronueuue saqauu ua rouunauue cnMcna cepuu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor ouapyuno y oneuoro tare
rpyMe qeertM. 8 aton cny+ae unen necto ronuMu pacraq rouunauu cnMcna cepuu cketuMx raptuuor.
8necto artusuou auanuturo-cuu-tetu+ecrou qeteneuoctu ro sMqeneuuk cnMcnosMx eutpos raptuuor,
artusuoro paccnatpusauu ux, coroctasneuu otqeneuMx cnMcnosMx aneneutos, +to ueoxoquno qn
rouunauu oaero cnMcna u sMqeneuu cketuoro coqepauu, oneuou repeupan raptuuru, uasMsa
otqeneuMe rpeqnetM. poecc auanusa cepuu cketuMx raptuuor saneaanc cny+auuMnu cyqeuunu,
sosuurakaunu ro rosoqy otqeneuMx parneutos raptuuor, roo+uMnu cssnu.
puseqen rpunepM.
6oneuony rpeqsnktc s pasposueuuon ropqre raptuuru I ctereuu cnouoctu (cn. puc. 7). 0u repeupaet ux u snecto paccrasa
rosoput: /teuor (raptuura 3), toe yteuor (4), toe rar M yteuor nonoqou (5)... octaneuMe ytta (1, 2, 6). ArtusuMu auanus ro
sMqeneuuk coqepauu u cnMcna raqou raptuuru u sceu cepuu s enon saneaaetc repeopon raptuuor u uasMsauuen otqeneuMx
usopaeuuMx oertos.
pu paote c cepueu raptuuor III ctereuu cnouoctu (cn. puc. 9) oneuou orte ua+uuaet repeupate raptuuru u repe+ucnte rpeqnetM: 3to roara
(yrasMsaet ua raptuury 2), ato +enose+er (3), ato yteuor (1). 6oneuony eae p/as qaetc uuctpyru, u uarpasnetc ero suunauue ua sMronueuue
saqauu. /0u pacrnaqMsaet raptuuru s cneqykaen ropqre: 231 u paccrasMsaet: Koara (2) u, rar M ato crasate... ato +enose+er (3) eut sa
roarou, equeueruu. 3to setM (I rorasMsaet ua ytry). ocne atoro nM rpeqsunu oneuony cepuk s rpasuneuon ropqre u rpeqnounu
paccrasate cket. 6oneuou paccrasMsaet: 8qece ryce (1), cneqM, rar ou rynn. 8qece nuca (2). uca u oxotuur sctpetunuce (3), uo eny nosute ue+en,
pyranu tonero..
3tot rpotoron arcrepuneuta rorasMsaet rpyoe uapyaeuue rouunauu rar coqepauu, tar u cnMcna cepuu
raptuuor". 6oneuou repeupaet raptuuru, uasMsaet otqeneuMe rpeqnetM, rpu+en uasMsaet ux uerpasuneuo,
orupace ua oquu parneut rpeqneta (nuca roara). peqsneuue cepuu s rpasuneuon ropqre ue
rpusoqut r sMqeneuuk noru+ecrou cssu neqy raptuuranu. 6oneuou qenaet sarnk+euue, cpacs ua
otqeneuMe sMxsa+euuMe parneutM. n uero Mno uesosnouo u cootueceuue paccrasa c cepueu raptuuor.
6oneuou ue ycsausan paccrasa, ue rouunan ero, ue nor repeqate, roatony rpeqsneuue paccrasa uurar ue
snuno ua ra+ectso sMronueuu saqauu c cepueu cketuMx raptuuor.
l|

8o II cepuu orMtos oneuony rpeqsnnc pq raptuuor s rpasuneuon ropqre, uo ueorou+euuMu, u
rpeqnaranoce sMpate us uecronerux rpeqnoeuuMx aqersatuyk qauuou cepuu. pu sMope raptuuru-roua
oneuMe c rpyo sMpaeuuMn nouMn cuuqponon nuo c+utanu sce raptuuru-rouM, aqersatuMnu, nuo
otrnaqMsanu rar ueroqxoqayk tonero raptuury, qaneryk ro sua+euuk otqauuou cepuu (cn. puc. 11).
3tu.qauuMe cornacyktc c rony+euuMnu rpu uccneqosauuu paot oneuMx c sepaneuMn natepuanon (sMop
roue+uoro sorpoca us uecronerux rpeqnoeuuMx r qauuony ycnosuk saqa+u).
puseqen rpunep uccneqosauu oneuoro 1. 6oneuony rpeqsnetc ueorou+euua cepu raptuuor u rpeqnaraetc sMpate roue (cn. puc. II). 6one-
uou repeupaet otqeneuMe raptuuru u orucMsaet ux: 8qece +enose+er, ro-noeny (rorasMsaet ua raptuury 1). ocvompume e+uvamene+o.
0eseua, uenes uassate, +eperaxa uenes... nryara ato (1), u sqece nryara (2). A ato ytra (3). Ta| nu amo? tua, sua+ut, arn ato.
6oneuony rpeqnaraetc sMpat6 roue cketa. Kaptuura-roue N 1 Toe uaroqoue, roxoe, roqxoqut. | sqece nryaru, uaroqoue.
ocvompume e+uvamene+o, cde npaeune+eu |o+e(. (6oneuou rpoqonaet epeupate raptuuru.) N 2A ato pMra sonota s soqe. N 3 3to
v%>... oru top+at (yrasMsaet ua narru nryaru).
/ oneuoro ouapyunuce tare rpyMe, qeertM pe+esoro nManeuu. pu sMope roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u
ou c+utan sce sorpocM aqersatuMnu, rpu aton orupanc ua artu+ecroe coqepauue, ue nor sMqenute
cnMcnosyk ctpyrtypy saqa+u. Kar nM suqun, s paote c cepueu cketuMx raptuuor ouapyusaetc ua-
pyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna uarnquo rpeqctasneuuou uuopnauu.
Cosepaeuuo uuou xapartep uocuna qeteneuocte sMopa roue+uou raptuuru r qauuou cepuu y oneuoro K-
(qauuMe uctopuu onesuu rpuseqeuM sMae). 0u es scrux satpyqueuuu crpasnuc c saqauuen, torqa rar
sMop roue+uoro sorpoca r qauuony ycnosuk sMsun y uero qoctato+uMe tpyquoctu. 6oneuou c+utan sce
porpocM, rpone qaneroro ro sua+euuk u cnMcny, aqersatuMnu qauuony ycnosuk. VM peaunu rocnotpete, rar
yqet rpoucxoqute sMop roue+uoro sorpoca, ecnu qate uarnquMe oropM. C atou enek nM rpeqsunu
oneuony uapucosauuyk saqa+y. 8 aton cny+ae unen necto rpasuneuMu sMop roue+uoro sorpoca. Auanu-
supy atu arcrepuneutaneuMe artM, nM rpeqronounu, +to rnasuMu qesoprauusykauu artop, rpusoqauu
r usneueuun s uutennertyaneuou cepe\y atoro oneuoro, ero sueau pe+e, rotopa ue tonero ue
sMronuet perynupykayk pone, a ctauosutc topnoson uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. Ecnu ee ucrnk+ute,
to qeteneuocte oneuoro ctauosutc onee oprauusosauuou.
Tarun opason, qauuMe II cepuu orMtos rorasanu, +to rpu rpyon nouon cuuqpone ctauosutc uesosnouMn
sM+neueuue cnMcnosou xapartepucturu uarnquo-opasuoro natepuana. 6oneuMe rpu sMope raptuuru-
roua r ueorou+euuou cepuu orupanuce +aae scero ua otqeneuMe parneutM raptuuor. 6oneuMn c uerpyo
sMpaeuuMn nouMn cuuqponon orepuposauue natepuanon, qauuMn s .uarnquon rnaue, orasanoce ropasqo
onee qoctyruMn.
8 atux orMtax ro cytu nM unenu qeno c uarnquo-opasuMn nManeuuen, rotopoe otnu+aetc ot uarnquo-
qeuctseuuoro (o rotopon nM yqen rosopute uue) ten, +to rpu uarnquo-opasuon nManeuuu cutyau
rpeopasyetc s rnaue opasa. 1yuruu atoro nManeuu cssauM, rar n-M rucanu sMae, c rpeqctasneuuen
cutyauu u usneueuuu s uux, rotopMe +enoser xo+et rony+ute s pesynetate csoeu qeteneuoctu,
rpeopasykaeu cutyauk, c rourpetusaueu oaux ronoeuuu. 8aua ocoeuuocte uarnquo-opasuoro
nManeuu yctauosneuue uerpusM+uMx, uectauqapt-rMx co+etauuu rpeqnetos u ux csoucts. 8 uaaux
saqauux rpeqronaranoce sMsneuue atux ocoeuuocteu nManeuu y cyerta.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra, rar nM suqenu, uapyaanuce quuanura
rpoecca u yposeue ero sMronueuu: ysenu+usanoce spen, sMronueuue Mno rpoussoneuMn, ocosuauuMn,
arctepuopusosauuMn, yrpasnenMn u perynupyenMn co ctopouM cyerta u arcrepuneutatopa.
opaeuue no+ex otqenos seqet r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk rpoecca uutennertyaneuoro arta. / oneuMx
otcytctsosana eneuarpasneuua qeteneuocte ro ycnotpeuuk u auanusy csseu otqeneuMx coctasnkaux
suytpu oquou raptuuru u neqy raptuuranu s cepuu. posunace stopu+ua rpeqnetua aruosu, rorqa
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
oneuMe qenanu sarnk+euue o rpeqnete ua ocuosauuu oquoro sMqeneuuoro parneuta (sa roara,
nryara +enoser, ryce narnu u qp.).
Tar e rar u s sepaneuo-noru+ecron suqe nManeuu (rp peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ u rpu paote c
nutepatypuMn tercton), s uarnquo-opasuon nManeuuu ouapyusaetc repsu+uoe uapyaeuue rouunauu
cnMcna cutyauu. |neuuo roatony oneuMe ue nornu uautu roue+uyk raptuury, sasepaakayk cket u
cootsetctsykayk usopaeuuMn coMtun.
Pq artos rossonet cqenate sMsoq o ponu pe+u s rpoterauuu uarnquo-opasuoro nManeuu rpu
ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra. 8 cny+ae uerpyou ratonoruu nouMx cucten nosra coxpauetc
perynupykaa pone pe+u arcrepuneutatopa rpu peaeuuu oneuMnu uutennertyaneuMx saqa+, coctseuua
e pe+e oneuMx aty pone ytpatuna. / oneuMx c rpyMn nouMn cuuqponon uapyaaetc perynupykaa pone
rar co6cseuuo pe+u, tar u pe+u arcrepuneutatopa. /
5. 06C/XEl|E PE8/bTAT08 |CCE08Al|F
8Mae nM orucanu uccneqosauue ponu roue+uoro sorpoca apunetu+ecrou saqa+u s ee ctpyrtype, s
rouunauuu ee cnMcna u s opnuposauuu ctpateruu ee peaeuu, ponu rostopeuu tercta saqa+u s rouunauuu
ee cnMcna u, uaroue, ssaunocssu uapyaeuu atux rpoeccos rouunauu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u,
rostopeuu u rouunauu ee cnMcna s rpoecce peaeuu saqa+u, a tare cssu atux uapyaeuuu c
orpeqeneuuMnu souanu ropM ronosuoro nosra.
pu ropaeuuu no+ex cucten nosra uutennertyaneuMu art uapyaaetc repsu+uo us-sa sosuurakaux
qeertos ero ocuosoronarakaux ctpyrtypuMx equuu eneuarpasneuuoctu, opueutuposru, rnauuposauu u
routpon. 8ce ato rpusoqut r uapyaeuuk rpoecca rouunauu s enon, s ton +ucne u rouunauu cnMcna
saqa+u, ponu u necta roue+uoro sorpocas ee ctpyrtype. opaeuue meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra
tare seqet r uapyaeuuk peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+, uo rouunauue oaero cnMcna sceu saqa+u u
roue+uoro ee sorpoca uapyaaetc ue repsu+uo, a stopu+uo us-sa qeertos rouunauu ^sua+euuu cnouMx
noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu.
+to racaetc rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu uapyaeuu nMcnuteneuoro arta, to cneqyet ktnetute, +to
ropaeuue meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra ue seqet r uapyaeuuk enoctuoro socrputu coqepauu,
ycnosu u rouunauu .apunetu+ecrou saqa+u uneuuo rar nponeve, xot rostopeuue'ycnosu orasMsaetc
uapyaeuuMn. / atou rpyrrM oneuMx ue uapyaaetc otuoaeuue r saqa+e, rotopyk ouu rpuuunakt.
8osuuruoseuue tpyquocteu s rpoecce peaeuu saqa+u ue seqet r otrasy ot peaeuu, oneuMe opaaakt ua
uux suunauue, ocyqakt ux, +to uepeqro seqet r uosony sutry rorMtor peaeuu saqa+u.
pu ropaeuuu no+ex cucten, rar nM u rpeqronaranu, uapyaaetc rostopeuue tercta saqa+u u, rpeqe
scero, uruopupyetc unu ucraaetc roue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u, +to rosoput o ton, +to
saqa+a ue socrpuuunaetc oneuMnu rar rponena unu rar cceua cssauuMx neqy coou qauuMx ycnosu
u roue+uoro sorpoca. 3ta ocuosua +epta uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ouapyusaetc
ocoeuuo +etro rpu naccusuMx ropaeuux nouMx qoneu nosra u rpu ropaeuuu ronkcuMx ux otqenos. /
atou rpyrrM oneuMx uapyaaetc u rpuutue saqa+u rar rponenM, tpeykaeu auanusa u peaeuu.
8 rocnequue roqM s ote+ectseuuMx rcuxonoru+ecrux uccneqosauux nManeuu (A. 8. 6pyanuucruu, 8. .
8uu+euro, A. V. Va-tkaruu u qp.) Mn sMqeneu s ra+ectse yuruouaneuo-reuetu+ecrou equuuM rpoecca
nManeuu rpoqyrtusuMu rpoecc, rotopMu xapartepusyetc: ...a) ro ero pesynetatan rar cyertusuoe ot-
rpMtue ueussectuoro...; ) ro ero ua+aneuony atary, sMsMsaenony rosuasateneuou notusaueu, sosuurakaeu
s rponenuou cutyauu; s) ro ero eutpaneuony sseuy, sMctyrakaeny rar creuu+ecra opna nockoso
rosuasateneuou artusuoctu cyerta
1
.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nM ue ysuqenu s coxpauuoctu uu oquou us coctasnkaux
rpoqyrtusuoro rpoecca: y uux otcytctsyet u eutpaneuoe sseuo roucrosa artusuocte, u rosuasateneua
notusau. opaeuue teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra, rar nM nornu yequtec sMae, ue seqet r
uapyaeuuk atux ctopou rpoqyrtusuoro nManeuu.
VM rony+unu u pq uosMx qauuMx, racakauxc rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu pe+esoro u nMcnuteneuoro arta s
rpoecce peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+. 3to, rpeqe scero, qauuMe, csuqetenectsykaue o s+avuvou ponu
no+uva+u+ sadavu. 0rasanoce, +to ropaeuue no+ex cucten seqet r uapyaeuuk cyaectseuuoro aneneuta
nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca repeusauu saqa+u rar rponenM, rotopyk ueoxoquno peaute, +toM rony+ute
uyuMu otset. 3to ycnotpeuue, rouunauue saqa+u rar rponenM, t. e. c,(-+oem +o ea+oco a-neve+mb.
noeede+u+, +ap,aaemc+ npu nopae+uu no+ex doneu vosca, uapyaaetc u rouunauue rponenuou cutyauu,
sanoeuuou s saqa+e. lapyaeuue rouunauu saueuaeu coctasnkaeu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca
no+uva+u+ nponeve seqet r uapyaeuuk roseqeuu s enon oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra,
rotopoe rposnetc s uaaen cny+ae s uerouunauuu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u, ero cnMcna u rnk+esou ponu
s ee ctpyrtype. 3to ouapyunoce u rpu rostopeuuu saqa+u, u rpu sMope sorpoca r saqauuony ycnosuk, u
rpu canoctoteneuon opnynuposauuu roue+uoro sorpoca r saqauuony ycnosuk saqa+u. 3tot qeert
rposnetc u rpu cpasueuuu saqa+ oneuMnu c enek orosuauu ux cxoqctsa unu pasnu+u. 0uu ue
opaaanu suunauu ua roue+uMu sorpoc saqa+u, ro rotopony nouo Mno otnu+ute rpeqnoeuuMe un
saqanu, ue rpueranu u r auanusy
' V a t k a r II u A. V. K rponene ropoqeuu cutyatusuMx rosuasateneuMx rotpeuocteu //cuxonoru+ecrue uccneqosauu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu /oq paq. 0. K. Tuxonuposa.V., 1979.- C. 30.
ycnosu saqa+u. 8c ux qeteneuocte csoqunace r sMsneuuk ue noru+ecrou ssaunocssu neqy
coctasnkaunu saqa+u, a rosepxuoctuoro roaneneutuoro cxoqctsa, sosuurakaero ua ocuose ue-
rocpeqctseuuoro sre+atneuu ot tercta, a s ny+aen cny+ae r sMsneuuk toro, o vev rosoputc s saqa+e
(cp.: o qepesex, uy, a sqece o ruurax u tetpaqx). ponenua cutyau rpu peaeuuu nkMx saqa+
apunetu+ecrux unu saqa+ uarnquoro ropqra oneuMnu ue socrpuuunanace, a auanuturo-cuutetu-+ecrue
qeuctsu, opueutuposra saneaanuce uerocpeqctseuuMn u +acto parneutapuMn socrputuen ue cnMcna
saqa+u, ue toro, +to ctout sa sepaneuou unu uarnquou opnou sMpaeuu rponenM, a opnaneuMn
socrputuen tercta saqa+u unu sueaueu ctopouM pucyura.
8ce atu qeertM ue unenu necta rpu ropaeuuu meve++o-sa-menov+ex otqenos nosra. opaeuue atux sou
ue seqet r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk rouunauu roue+uoro sorpoca, ata rpyrra oneuMx socrpuuunana saqa+y
uneuuo rar rponeny; rouunauue ponu, necta u cnMcna roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u y uux ue uapyaeuo. 8ce
tpyquoctu sosuuranu rpu auanuse rourpetuMx ssaunootuoaeuuu qauuMx ycnosu saqa+u neqy coou u c
roue+uMn sorpocon us-sa qeertos auanusa u rouunauu sua+euuu sepaneuo-rpannatu+ecrou ctopouM
saqa+u.
8 atou cepuu orMtos ouapyunace +pessM+auua sauocte tarux equuu pe+esoro nManeuu, rar s+ave+ue u
cvecn cnosa, pe+u. 0rasanoce, +to teneuuo-satMno+ua u noua cuctenM nosra unekt otuoaeuue u r atou
ctopoue uapyaeuu pe+esoro nManeuu. 0rMtM rorasanu, +to u s ton, u s qpyron cny+ae sosuuraet
paccornacosauue neqy cnMcnon u sua+euuen sepaneuou ctopouM saqa+u: rpu ropaeuuu meve++o-
samenov+ex otqenos rouunauue cnMcna octaetc onee coxpauuMn, uo rpyo uapyaaetc rouunauue
sua+euu uerotopMx rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, a rpu ropaeuuu no+ex cucten rpyo uapyaaetc
rouunauue oaero u ooaeuuoro cnMcna saqa+, rpeqnetuMe e sua+euu cnos, pas, tercta octaktc
onee coxpauuMnu, uo nuae rar otpaeuue rpoctMx anrupu+ecrux csseu, a sua+euue rar creuu+ecra
nepa oauoctu, rar pesynetat ooaeuu scex csseu, ctoaux sa cnoson u sa rpannaturou, toe
uapyaaetc.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to uerpasuneuo rosopute, rar ato uepeqro sctpe+aetc s nutepatype, o coxpauuoctu
sua+euu pe+u rpu ropaeuuu.nouMx cucten. 8qece ueoxoqun touruu auanus canoro routu sua+euue:
sua+euue rar rneto+ra pe+esoro nManeuu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten uapyaaetc, uo qeuotatusuMe sua-
+euu u sua+euu ua yposue anrupu+ecrux csseu octaktc coxpauuMnu.
+to racaetc canoro rpoecca rpoterauu rouunauu saqa+u, to uaa natepuan rorasan, +to rpu ropaeuuu
meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra y oneuMx sosuuraet cua+ana ooaeuuoe rouunauue tercta saqa+u,
es to+uoro rouunauu ee qetaneu. | tone-
| 'o saten, ro nepc artusuou qeteneuoctu uaq socrputuen tercta, y oneuMx sce onee yto+uetc u
rourpetusupyetc rouunauue ' saqa+u u s roue rouos uactyraet ronuoe u ronuoeuuoe rouu-; nauue
tercta rar saqa+u, t. e. rpoecc rouunauu uqet ot oaero r +actuony u cuosa ot +actuoro r oaeny, uo
ye onee sMcororo ropqra. lnoaneuoe rouunauue yto+uetc rpu auanuse u rouunauuu
coctasnkaux +acteu saqa+u, u tonero rocne atoro roaneneutuoro auanusa y oneuMx uactyraet cuosa
ooaeuuoe, uo ye s csoeu rourpetuoctu, rouunauue saqa+u. Tarou rpoecc rouunauu otqeneuMx
aneneutos u ux-cuutesuposauue s enoct-[ uoe rouunauue onee sMcororo ropqra noet rpoucxoqute na-
roqap nMcnuteneuMn orepaun u qeuctsun.
pu ropaeuuu no+ex otqenos nosra uneet necto cosepaeuuo uua raptuua. 8qece rpoecc rouunauu rar
tarosou otcytctsyet. 0u saneaaetc uerotopMnu repertopuMnu orepaunu, \ sMxsatMsakaunu
otqeneuMe parneutM us enoro, u ua ux ocuose jj oneuMnu qenaetc sarnk+euue o coqepauuu
tercta saqa+u. lapyaeuM pasuMe yposuu rouunauu rouunauue tercta ua ocuose rnoaneuoro,
uuterpuposauuoro opasa saqa+u, a tare rouunauue, rpoterakaee ua ocuose roataruoro auanusa u cuu-P
tesa ee aneneutos. 3tu artusuMe rpoeccM y oneuMx saneaeuM ue-I' rocpeqctseuuMn ysuasauuen
otqeneuMx parneutos tercta. 8 oc-[ uose atux qeertos neat uapyaeuue u uuteuuu rar rotosuoctu u
otuoaeuu r qeteneuoctu, u notusauouuo-rotpeuoctuou ee [ cepM, u crocouoctu r auanuturo-
cuutetu+ecrou qeteneuoctu. Auanus rcuxonoru+ecrux nexauusnos uapyaeuu peaeuu saqa+ rorasan, +to
oquun us tarux nexauusnos snetc uapyaeuue | quuanu+ecrou cssu rouunauu sua+euuu u cnMcna s
oquux cny-Y +ax u ee coxpauuocte s qpyrux, a tare u uapyaeuue rpoecca '$ roctereuuoro opnuposauu
cnMcna.
8 oquou us csoux paot 8. . 8uu+euro rucan, +to s uacto-I. aee spen uccneqosatennu uaayrMsaktc
rytu usy+euu cnMc-I nos, rotopMe cssauM c auanuson rpoeccos useneve+u+ c,se|mov cvecnoe us
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
cutyauu, us uuopnauu u qp., otrpMsaktc u rytu usy+euu cnMcnos u sua+euuu e ux du+avuvec|ou ce+su.
laa n natepuan rorasan rcuxonoru+ecryk peaneuocte /T|X ryteu.
laau arcrepuneutaneuMe natepuanM rorasanu, +to rpu ro-I paeuuu meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra
octaetc coxpauuMn I rpoecc ussne+euu, rar M sM+eprMsauu cnMcna us nutepa-I typuoro tercta, us
tercta apunetu+ecrou saqa+u, us cepuu ck-[ etuMx raptuuor (uarnquMu natepuan). 6oneuMe c canoro ua-I
+ana socrpuuunakt terct rar uepac+neueuuoe enoe cuurpetu+e-I croe opasosauue
1
, ocnMcnusakt ero, s
pesynetate +ero sosuu-|raet ooaeuuoe rouunauue cnMcna. Cneqykauu atar passutu rouunauu saqa+u,
tpeykauu sMqeneuu u rouunauu otqene-[ uMx aneneutos atoro enoro, noruro-rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyr-
!
Cn.: Lextep V. C. 8puteneuoe orosuauue.V-, 1981.
s sepaneuon tercte, y atou rpyrrM oneuMx uapyaeu, u uerocpeqctseuuoe ysuasauue-rouunauue pas
saneaaetc ocosuauuMnu, passepuytMnu qeuctsunu ro rouunauuk rourpetuMx sua+euuu.
anee ua ocuose rouunauu rourpetuMx sua+euuu rpoucxoqut ooaeuuoe rouunauue cnMcna, uo ua onee
sMcoron yposue ooaeuu; sqece ye rpoucxoqut rar M osua+euue cnMcnos. / oneuMx e c ropaeuuen
no+ex cucten nosra ronuoctek uapyaaetc qeteneuocte ro sM+eprMsauuk (ussne+euuk) cnMcna,
rpoeccM ocnMcneuu sua+euuu u osua+euu cnMcnos..
puseqen rpunep, yrasMsakauu ua socctauosneuue oneuMn s xoqe artusuou qeteneuoctu quuanu+ecrou
cssu sua+euuu u cnMcnos.
6oneuony 6. (c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra) qaetc saqa+a: la qsyx ronrax neut 18 ruur. la oquou us uux s 2
pasa oneae, +en ua qpyrou. Cronero ruur ua raqou ronre? 6oneuou +utaet, saten rMtaetc repeqate oauu cnMcn saqa+u: Tar...
ua qsyx ronrax scero 18 ruur. la oquou ronre... nuoro, a ua qpyrou... nuoro. let. 8 oaen 2 ronru. la oquou nuoro-nuoro, ua qpyrou
nano. Cronero ruur u tan, u mav?...(oo(e++oe no+uva+ue cvecna) Tar! la oquou ronre s 2 pasa oneae. 8ot ato tpyquo. 8 qsa...
pasa... s qsa... pasa... +to taroe oneae? ato nuoro? [ocvmcnenue u+ave+uu), a tan nano... neueae, ara, nano, sua+ut, neueae
[ocvmcnenue s+ave+uu). Ara! 8 2 pasa nuoro... oneae ato seqe oquo u to e nuoro? oneae? let, ue tar, oneae s 2 pasa
{os+ave+ue cvecnoe). oun! Tar, ua oquou ronre oquu, torqa ua qpyrou ronre qsa. A scero 18.
| qaneae, rar nM suqenu sMae, oneuou rpasuneuo peaaet saqa+y. 3ta sMrucra us rpotorona unnkctpupyet
ronoeuue, sMqsuuytoe . C. 8Mrotcrun u passutoe 8. . 8uu+euro o ronucenuu sua+euuu u ronusua+uoctu
cnMcnos.
Tarun opason, uaau arcrepuneutaneuMe qauuMe qakt ora-tMu natepuan, rotopMu, c oquou ctopouM,
uyqaetc s teopetu+ecron ocnMcneuuu, a c qpyrou crococtsyet paspaotre ryteu u netoqos, ctpateruu u
tarturu socctauosneuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra. 0u
yrasMsaet ua ueoxoqunocte paspaotru netoqos, aqersatuMx nexauusny uapyaeuu nMcnuteneuoro
rpoecca. 3tu netoqM qonuM Mte pasuMnu, s sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra, nexauusna,
rpupoqM u ctpyrtypM uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
lnaea V. EP5Abh0-0|h+E6K0E HbUEhhE: h0PHA h AT00|hP-05hE 3AK0h0HEPh06Th
VM sarou+unu 1-.k +acte ruuru, rocsaeuuyk auanusy u orucauuk arcrepuneutaneuMx natepuanos ro
uccneqosauuk uapyaeuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rar oquoro us suqos uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu. 3rcrepuneutM ctpounuce ua ocuose cuctenuoro roqxoqa r ctpoeuuk u ratonoruu 81, s ton
+ucne u pe+esoro nManeuu. 8 1-u +actu uactoaeu paotM uanu Mnu roctasneuM qsa rpyra sorpocos,
uyqasauxc s arcrepuneutaneuou rposepre.
epeeu |p,c eonpocoe cssau c rponenou voscoeex oc+oe u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmu. 3to rpeqe
scero sorpocM o srnaqe raqou souM s rpoterauuu nMcnuteneuoro arta; o rytx u opnax ssaunoqeuctsu
sou nosra, oecre+usakaux nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc s uopne u ratonoruu.
3mopou |p,c eonpocoe racaetc ncuxonocuvec|ou c,(+ocmu qeertos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu
noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra u ee cssu, c oquo,ctopouM, c uonoru+ecrun, nopo-usuonoru+ecrun
acrerton (c nosron), a c qpyrou c rcuxonoru+ecrunu acrertanu uapyaeuuu.
8qece sosuurakt sorpocM, racakauec rpeqe scero ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ee
yuruouuposauu u sarouonepuocteu uapyaeuu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra; Cssu uapyaeuu
ctpyrtypM u rpoterauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu c noranusaueu ropaeuu nosra; ssaunocssu u
ssaunoqeuctsu ctpyrtypM u yuruu u, uaroue, sorpocM, cssauuMe c uapyaeuuen routuuuoro nManeuu
rar rpoecca. lac .uutepecosanu sorpocM uapyaeuu nurporeuesa, t. e. rpoterauu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu, uerpoctMe ssaunootuoaeuu ctpyrtypuMx sseuees nMcnuteneuoro arta orepauouaneuoro u
aertusuo-notusauouuoro, nexauusnM uapyaeuu nManeuu u P|x sasucunocte ot toruru ropaeuu
nosra u qp.
Kpone toro, nM uccneqosanu yposuu oprauusauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, a tare u yposuu ee
peanusauu rpoussoneuMu u uerpoussoneuMu u sorpoc o sasucunoctu uapyaeuuu pasnu+uMx yposueu
oprauusauu nManeuu ot noranusauu .VosrosMx ropaeuuu.
anee, s aton rpyre rponen sauoe necto sauunaet u auanus ponu pe+u s rpoterauuu u uapyaeuuu
nManeuu. |s oaeu rcuxonoruu ussectuo, +to pe+e sMctyraet u rar coctseuuo rcuxu+ecruu rpoecc, tecuo
cssauuMu c nManeuuen, u rar saueuauu peryntop qeteneuoctu scex octaneuMx rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos.
8osuuraet sorpoc: a rar octout qeno c atunu qsyn yurunu pe+u rpu uapyaeuuu nManeuu? +to
racaetc canou pe+u u ee ponu s opnuposauuu u rpoterauuu qeerta sepaneuo-noru+ec-roro nManeuu, to
ua repsMu rnau sqece sMctyrakt sorpocM o ssaunootuoaeuuu paseonoru+ecroro u cenautu+ecroro -yposueu
oprauia pe+u, sueaueu u suytpeuueu pe+u; rpannatu+ecroro (nuursuctu+ecroro) u rcuxonoru+ecroro
rnauos nManeuu, a tare rponena cnMcna u sua+euu u ux ponu s rpoterauuu u uapyaeuuu sepaneuoro
nManeuu. Cneqyet octauosutec tare ua sorpoce ponu rouunauu pe+u s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
u ua auanuse rpoecca rouunauu rar coctasuou +actu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca.
Vatepuan Mn roqsepruyt auanusy s tpex acrertax ueupo-rcuxonoru+ecron, oaercuxonoru+ecron u
rcuxonuursuctu+ecron. 8 atux acrertax nM yqen sec'tu teopetu+ecroe ocyqeuue natepuana.
epeuqen r auanusy u ocyqeuuk nepeoco |p,ca eonpocoe o ssaunocssu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
c nosron, t. e. r rponene vosc u vecne. laau qauuMe rorasanu, +to nManeuue u nMcne, poqakaac s ero
rpoecce, ue otopsauM ot paotM nosra u +to ssaunoqeuctsu nosra u nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca ue rpnMe u
ue rpoctMe u tonero cuctenuMu auanus snetc uauonee aqersatuMn crocoon usy+euu atou rponenM.
utepatypuMe qauuMe, uaau coctseuuMe rpeuue paotM u uactoaee uccneqosauue yequteneuo
rorasMsakt, +to u s opnuposauuu, u s rpoterauuu, u s ratonoruu nManeuu rpuuunakt y+actue rar noua,
tar u teneuuo-satMno+ua souM nosra.
Kaqa soua suocut csou creuu+ecruu srnaq s yuruouuposauue nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca u ero
uapyaeuue. 8 ocuose nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca neut cnouoe ssaunoqeucrsue atux sou nosra, a ue ux
quepeuuposauua qeteneuocte.. +to e racaetc rcuxousuonoru+ecrux nexauusnos uapyaeuu
nManeuu, rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu qeerta, rnuuu+ecrou raptuuM cuuqpona, s rotopon rpoterakt
uapyaeuu-pe+esoro nManeuu, to ouu pasnu+uM u sasuct ot toruru ropaeuu.
Ecnu paccnotpete raptuuy uapyaeuu pe+esoro nManeuu s enon, c to+ru speuu creuuru y+actu,
raqou souM nosra s opnuposauuu qeerta, to nouo 'crasate cneqykaee. opaeuue no+ex doneu vosca
rpusoqut r repsu+uMn uapyaeuun nManeuu, tar rar s aton cny+ae sepaneuo-noru+ecroe nManeuue
uapyaaetc repsu+uo co ctopouM ocuosuMx ero xapartepuctur ctpyrtypuMx u yuruouaneuMx. 8ce sseue
ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuoro arta s cny+ae ratonoruu nouMx cucten orasM-
saktc uapyaeuuMnu oquu neueae, qpyrue oneae. 8 repsyk o+epeqe ctpaqaet pec,n+(u+ de+mene+ocmu
+a ecex ee ,poe++x, rpeqe scero perynu a|mue+ocmu rar oaeu, tar u uutennertyaneuou. n
rpoterauu atou sMcaeu opnM rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu ueqoctato+uo coxpauuoctu tonero oaeu
artusuoctu, ueoxoquna coxpauuocte u anououaneuo-notusauouuou cepM cosuauu. . C. 8Mrotcruu
rucan: Cana nMcne poqaetc ue us qpyrou nMcnu, a us notusupykaeu cepM uaaero cosuauu, rotopa
oxsatMsaet uaau sne+euu u rotpeuoctu, uaau uutepecM u royqeuu, uaau aertM u anouu. 8a
nMcnek ctout aertusua u sonesa teuqeuu
1
. Xot cyaectsykt pasuMe yposuu perynuu
qeteneuoctu u s xoqe ee ocyaectsneuu sosuuraet nuoectso quuanu+ecrux cun
2
u ue sce ouu noryt Mte
otueceuM r notusan, sa raqMn qeuctsuen, rosuasateneuMn u nkMn qpyrun, sa raqMn sMcrasMsauuen
ctout sonesa saqa+a.
8 paotax 3. . Teneruuou, a tare 3. . Teneruuou u T. l. 6orqauosou ytsepqaetc, +to ...ctpyrtypa,
quuanura u coqepauue nManeuu oycnosneuM ero notusaueu
3
. laau uccneqosauu ratonoruu
nManeuu rorasanu, +to usneueuua notusau orasMsaet snuuue ua sce tpu ctopouM nMcnuteneuoro rpo-
ecca ero ctpyrtypy, quuanury u coqepauue.
8 ctpyrtype nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca rpeqe scero ouapyusaetc uapyaeuue ero repsoro sseua
vomuea(uo++oco, uapyaeuue sMcaux yposueu perynuu artusuoctu u eneuarpasneuuoctu qeteneuoctu. 8
repsyk o+epeqe ctpaqakt rosuasateneuMe notusM.
A. l. eoutees rucan, +to rocseuuMnu sMpaeuunu notusos snktc ...repeusauu, enauu, xoteuu,
ctpenneuu r enu... 3tu uerocpeqctseuuMe^ repeusauu u sMronukt pone suytpeuuux curuanos, Co
ronoaek rotopMx perynupyktc ocyaectsnkauec rpoeccM
4
. |neuuo atu uerocpeqctseuuMe repe-
usauu, perynupykaue artusuocte, u uapyaaktc rpu ropaeuux nouMx qoneu nosra. Tarue cunrtonM
ouapyusaktc ye s rnuuu+ecrou raptuue u oM+uo orucMsaktc rnuuuuctanu u rcuxonoranu rar
esqynuocte, acroutauuocte, esMuuuatusuocte.
laau uccneqosauu rorasanu, +to ropaeuue nouMx cucten seqet r uapyaeuuk u cnMcnoopasykaux
notusos, u notusos-ctunynos, sMronukaux pone royquteneuMx artopos, xot cte-
1
8Mrotcruu . C. VManeuue u pe+e //8Mrotcruu . C. Cop co+.: 8 6 t.- T. 2. - V 1982.C. 357.
2
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue.' u+uocte-V., 1975.C. 196.
3
T e n e r u u a 3. ., 6orqauosa" T. l. Cootuoaeuue notusos u eneu
s
ctpyrtype nManeuu // cuxonoru+ecrue uccneqosauu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu / oq pe. 0. K Tuxonuposa.--- V., 1979.C. 41.
4
eoutees A- l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975, 204- 205.
reue uapyaeuu tex u qpyrux notusos noet Mte pasuou s sasucunoctu ot tectu u noranusauu nouoro
cuuqpona. 8 oquux cny+ax atu uapyaeuu rposnktc s ytpate uuuuatusM, s oaeu pe+esou u
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
uutennertyaneuou uuartusuoctu u acroutauuoc-tu, s qpyrux cny+ax s uerpoqyrtusuMx unrynecusuMx
qeuctsux, s tpeteux s ueratususne roseqeuu, s otcytctsuu enauuu, s ronuon otcytctsuu ctpenneuuu.
8ce atu rnuuu+ecrue cunrtonM pesynetat uapyaeuu (unu ocnaneuu) perynupykaeu yuruu co ctopouM
notusauouuou coctasnkaeu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
lapyaeuu anououaneuo-sonesou coctasnkaeu seqyt r qeertan saueuaero ctpyrtypuoro u
yuruouaneuoro sseua rpoterauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou
qeteneuoctu. |ccneqosatenu otsoqunu sauyk pone rpu peaeuuu saqa+ opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou
qeteneuoctu opueutuposre s rponenuou cutyauu. . F. lanerepuu, ussectuMu ote+ectseuuMu rcuxonor,
c+utan, +to sce suqM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpeqctasnkt coou pasnu+uMe opnM
opueutuposo+uou qeteneuoctu, r-nasua yuru rotopou ato opueutuposra cyerta s rponenuou
cutyauu. 8auMn qn uac sqece snetc yrasauue ua sua+unyk pone u cyaectseuuoe necto s rpoterauuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu opueutuposru s rponenuMx cutyaux. laa natepuan rorasan, +to uneuuo
ato saueuaee sseuo s ctpyrtype nMcnuteneuoro arta rpyo uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuuu nouMx sou nosra.
nauonepuMu u eneuarpasneuuMu auanus qauuMx (tercta saqa+u, nutepatypuoro tercta, uarnquou cutyauu
cepuu rocneqosateneuMx raptuuor) saneaanc y oneuMx unrynecusuMnu otsetanu, uutennertyaneuMnu
uasMranu, pe+esMnu ctepeoturanu, rorMtranu uerocpeqctseuuoro peaeuu saqa+. 8 paote c nutepatypuMn
tercton opueutuposra s tercte saneaanace rotosMnu pe+esMnu aanouanu, ue cootsetctsykaunu ero
coqepauuk, unu otqeneuMnu pasanu, sMxsa+euuMnu us tercta; cketuMe raptuuru oequunuce ua
ocuosauuu sueauero cxoqctsa u cny+auuMx rpusuaros, es ux auanusa, cpasueuu, ooaeuu u t. q.
enek opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu snetc eedene+ue u ocos+a+ue nponeve.
VManeuue coctseuuo u ua+uuaetc c rponenM unu c sorpoca, c yqusneuu unu ueqoyneuu, c
rpotusope+u unu cosraqeuu,rucan C. . Pyuuateuu. Ecnu scronuute peaeuue apunetu+ecrux saqa+,
paoty c nutepatypuMn tercton, roctpoeuue cketa u ero ocnMcneuue s cepux cketuMx raptuuor
oneuMnu-c nouMn cuuqponon, to nM ysuqun, +to rpu peaeuuu scex atux saqa+ y uux ue uankqanoce
artusuoro sxoqeuu s rponeny u ee rouunauu. 3tot qeert ouapyun ce u s uapyaeuuu rouunauu
cnMcna roue+uoro sorpoca apunetu+ecrou saqa+u, ocosuauu ero saueuaeu rnk+esou ponu s saqa+e, s
uerouunauuu toro, +to uneuuo s
roue+uon sorpoce u sarnk+eua rponena. 8 enon atou rpyrrou oneuMx saqa+a ue socrpuuunanace uneuuo
rar saqa+a, rponena, rotopyk uyuo peaute. leyneuue copnynuposate roue+uMe sorpocM r saqauuMn
ycnosun saqa+, coroctasute pasuMe saqa+u u ro roue+uony sorpocy orpeqenute ux cxoqctsa u pasnu+u u t.
q. tare csuqetenectsyet o uapyaeuuu ocosuauu u rouunauu rponenuou cutyauu oneuMnu c nouMn
cuuqponon.
0cosuauue enu u saqa+u ueoxoquno, uo ueqoctato+uo qn sosuuruoseuu enecoopasuou qeteneuoctu,
ueoxoqunM tare cpeqctsa, c ronoaek rotopMx sMronuktc qeuctsu. Kar octout qeno c
orepauouaneuMn sseuon sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu ropaeuux nosra? 8cerqa c+utanoce, +to
rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra uapyaaktc ocuosuMe coctasnkaue ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuoro
arta, crocouocte e r sMronueuuk orepauu octaetc coxpauuou, a rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+-uMx
sou uapyaaetc uneuuo orepauouaneuoe sseuo. laa natepuan qaet ocuosauue rpeqronarate, +to sqece
toe sce ue tar rpocto u ueoxoquno repeutu ot rpuutoro s rcuxonoruu orucauu orepauu, rar
uepasnounou qanee coctasnkaeu qeuctsu, | a+anus, ee ncuxonocuvec|oco codepa+u+ u no,poe+eeoco
cmpoe+u+.
A. l. eoutees c+utan, +to qeteneuocte noet rpoterate ua pasuMx ataax uepsuou cuctenM, rpu y+actuu
pasnu+uMx ee yposueu. 3tu yposuu, oquaro, uepasuoeuuM. 0quu us uux snetc seqyaun, s to spen rar
qpyrue urpakt pone oua (ouosMe yposuu, ro tepnuuonoruu l. A. 6epuateuua). pu aton sane+ateneuo,
rar ato creuaneuo roq+eprusaet 6epuateuu, +to cosuasaenMnu scerqa snktc +ysctsuteneuMe curuanM
uauonee sMcororo, seqyaero yposu. 3to cosuasaenoe coqepauue u yrpasnet qeteneuoctek. Can
e
1
'seqyauu yposeue ee orpeqenetc ten, +to l. A. 6epuateuu uasMsaet saqa+eu, t. e. rar pas ten, +to, ro
uaaeu tepnuuonoruu, qonuo Mte uassauo enek (saqa+eu nM uasMsaen ene, qauuyk s
orpeqeneuuMx ycnosux).
|ssectuo tare, +to . C. 8Mrotcruu, a rose u A. l. eoutees pasnu+anu uutennertyaneuMe orepauu u
uutennertyaneuMe uasMru. . C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to uutennertyaneua orepau noet sosuuruyte nuae
ua ocuose rpeqe sMpaotauuMx uasMros, uo uanu+ue atux uasMros eae ue oecre+usaet rosneuue
uutennertyaneuou orepauu. n atoro tpeyetc uosa ronuuau atux uasMros, rotopa cootsetctsosana
M ctpyrtype saqa+u. Pone uutennerta u sarnk+aetc ...s cosqauuu uosou rouurypauu atux sMpaotauuMx
uasMros s cootsetctsuu c ycnosunu u enek saqa+u...
1
.
. C. 8Mrotcruu, a tare u . l. eoutees rucanu, +to cosuateneuMe orepauu opnupyktc cua+ana rar
qeuctsu, t. e.
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux ncxueckx yuruu.V., 1960.-C. 433.
rar eneuarpasneuuMe rpoeccM, a saten noryt rpuuunate opny astonatusuposauuoro +aee|a. larpunep,
c+etuMe orepauu qeteu 56 net snktc rpeqneton ux qeuctsuu, a ye s 810 net ouu ctauostc
orepaunu rpu peaeuuu saqa+, t. e. ucronesyktc qn toro, +toM uautu to, +to tpeyetc s saqa+e. | atu
orepauu noryt rpespaaatec saten s ynctseuuMu, unu u+menne|m,ane+eu, +aee|.
Cyaectsyet eae oquu nexauusn u ycnosue peanusauu ynctseuuMx qeuctsuu ato a|m,anusa(u+
acco(ua(uu, rotopMe rpeqaectsykt orepauu. 8 uopne ouu sMctyrakt nuae rar cssu, ocnyusakaue
orepauu, uarpunep, nerro noryt artyanusuposatec tarue apunetu+ecrue accouauu, rar 2 -j- 3 5, 3 + 4
7, 3 + 3 = 6ut. q.
poauanusupyen orepauu oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra. pu peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+
oneuMe ue ucrMtMsakt tpyquocteu s sM+ucnuteneuMx orepaux-uasMrax: ouu rpasuneuo sMronukt sce
+etMpe apunetu+ecrue orepauu cnoeuue, sM+utauue, ynuoeuue u qeneuue; uepeqro y uux ar-
tyanusupyktc u accouatusuMe'cssu tura 18 -f- 2 = 20, 5-f-+ 2 = 7, 3 + 6 = 9 u qp. Peaa saqa+y, ouu +acto
nauurynupykt atunu sM+ucnuteneuMnu uasMranu. la sorpoc arcrepuneutatopa +to ouu qenakt? oneuMe
otse+akt: .crnaqMsak unu ynuoak u t. q.; ua sorpoc 8a+en? ouu ue noryt otsetute unu rpocto
rostopkt csou qeuctsu, ue aqersatuMe ycnosuk saqa+u. lautu uyuMe orepauu ryten cosqauu us atux
roqorepauu uosou ronuuauu, rpuneuute uyuMe sM+ucnuteneuMe uasMru u s uyuou
rocneqosateneuoctu, otse+akaero ycnosun saqa+u, oneuMe ue noryt, tar rar ata ronuuau unekauxc
apunetu+ecrux uasMros, unu roqorepauu, sMpaatMsaetc s cootsetctsuu c ycnosunu u enek saqa+u,
auanus u ronunauue rotopMx y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon uapyaeuM. o otuoae-uuk r apunetu+ecrun
uasMran atot yposeue orepauu snetc cutou rateropueu.
Te e qeertM ouapyusaktc u rpu peaeuuu qpyrux saqa+ (coctasute rnau r nutepatypuony tercty, -
pasnoute cepuk cketuMx raptuuor s uyuou rocneqosateneuoctu unu sM+neuute equuMu cnMcn cketuMx
raptuuor, sueaue ue roxoux qpyr ua qpyra, u t. q.). | s atux cny+ax oneuMe c nouMn cuuqponon
ucronesykt orepauu ua onee uusron yposue ux peanusauu (uasMru, accouatusuMe cssu). Tarun opasos,
auanus natepuana qaet ocuosauue cqenate sarnk+euue o ton, +to npu nopae+uu no+ex so+ vosca
npod,|mue+ee u+menne|m,ane+ee onepa(uu +ap,aasmc+ u save(asmc+ +enpod,|mue+evu. -3to
csuqetenectsyet o +ap,ae+uu mex ,poe+eu onepa(uu, +a |omopex npoucxodum, ro . C. 8Mrotcrony,
cosda+ue +oeou |o+uc,pa(uu +aee|oe (|ovu+a(uu) u canoctoteneuMe onee sMcorue cuutesM. 3tu
yposuu orepauu saneaaktc yposuen uutennertyaneuMx uasMros u accouauu. Ecnu atot qeert
uuteprpetuposate rar uapyaeuue
rporpannuposauu, s +actuoctu, ua yposue orepauu, rorqa tpeyetc cosqate ueryk uosyk ronuuauk
(rporpanny), c ronoaek rotopou nouo qoctu+e enu, to nouo qynate, +to ropaeuue nouMx cucten nosra
seqet r uapyaeuuk rporpannuposauu ue tonero ctpateruu (cuctenM qeuctsuu), otse+akaero ua sorpoc
+to?, uo u tarturu (cuctena orepauu), otse+akaero ua sorpoc rar qenate?.
|cxoq us crasauuoro nouo peautec cqenate cneqykaue cyqeuu: rpu ropaeuuu no+ex qoneu nosra
cmep+ev u c|eos+ev nexauusnon uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu snetc +ap,ae+ue
cnoco+ocmu cosda+u+ npocpavv u uyuMx ronuuauu, rpeqctasnkaux coou canoctoteneuMe onee
sMcorue cuutesM rar +a ,poe+e eceu de+mene+ocmu, tar u ua yposue ee coctasnkaux deucmeuu u
onepa(uu. la yposue de+mene+ocmu s enon ato rposnetc s qeertax coctasneuu rporpannM
opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrux qeuctsuu, saneaakaeuc uerocpeqctseuuMnu, suecuctenuMnu
orepaunu unu aanouanu, a tare s uapyaeuuu qeuctsuu ro ycnotpeuuk rponenM u sMqsueuuk
rurotes. la yposue deucmeuu uapyaaetc ctpateru, t. e. coctasneuue cuctenM u rporpannM qeuctsuu, +to
seqet r artyanusauu otqeneuMx suecuctenuMx qeuctsuu unu ctepeoturos. la yposue onepa(uu uapyaeuue
rporpannuposauu oycnosnusaet uapyaeuue crocouoctu ycnotpeuu uosMx ronuuauu (rouurypauu) us
ussectuMx orepauu, u atu rpoqyrtusuMe orepauu, unu sMcaue cuutesM, saneaaktc nuo uasMranu,
nuo accouaunu, corposoqakaunu orepauu.
porpannuposauue uapyaaetc u s sseue routpon sa ucronueuuen qeuctsuu u sa pesynetatanu
qeteneuoctu. ka qeteneuocte; s ton +ucne u uutennertyaneua, corposoqaetc routponupykaunu
qeuctsunu u' sarau+usaetc rposeprou pesynetatos. Koutpone csuqetenectsyet o rputu+uon otuoaeuuu
cyerta r csoeu qeteneuoctu, spenMu yn scerqa rputu+eu u tpeyet rposepru csoux qeuctsuu u routpon sa
ux sMronueuuen. |neuuo atu ra+ectsa yna orasMsaktc uapyaeuuMnu, +to tare eae pas csuqetenectsyet u
o qeertax nu+uoctu oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon, ycyrynkaux raptuuy uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuoro
arta. Koutpone ua yposue qeuctsuu oecre+usaetc sa c+et rpuneueuu routponeuMx qeuctsuu, aqersatuMx
ycnosuk, a ua yposue orepauu sa c+et rpuneueuu opatuMx sM+ucnuteneuMx orepauu {cnoeuue
rposepetc sM+utauuen u t. q.). pu peaeuuu uarnquo-opasuMx saqa+ tpeyetc cuctena, rporpanna
qeuctsuu u orepauu ro coroctasneuuk pesynetata c opason nuo routpone noet sectuce, rar rucan . F.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
lanerepuu, ro ueroeny enoctuony rpusuary, otpaakaeny cootsetctsue rpoteraenoro rpoecca ero
cyertusuou noqenu. 3to nM ysuqun qaneae rpu peaeuuu saqa+ ryuru Kooca u rpu coroctasneuuu
pasnu+uMx rap u tpoer cketuMx raptuuor c oquun u ten e cnMcnon, uo pasuoro rpeqnetuoro coqepauu
unu, uaoopot, c
pasuMn cnMcnon, uo sMpaeuuMn oquuarosMnu uarnquMnu cpeqctsanu. 6oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx
cucten nosra ue rpuctyrakt r qeuctsun ro routponk, rar M uruopupy ux. 0quaro rpu ctunynuu
artusuoctu co ctopouM arcrepuneutatopa ouu sMuyqeuM opatutec r qeuctsun routpon, u torqa sqece
ouapyusaetc ta e suecuctenuocte rpuneueuu pasposueuuMx, ueaqersatuMx ycnosuk orepauu.
Tarun opason, nM suqun, +to rpoecc rporpannuposauu uapyaaetc so scex ctpyrtypuMx sseuex
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u ua scex yposux qeteneuoctu (qeuctsue, orepau) u ee coctasnkaux.
n+menne|m,ane+a+ de+mene+ocme npu nopae+uu no+ex cucmev pacnadaemc+ |a| (enocm+a+
coeo|,n+ocme, cucmeva deucmeuu u onepa(uu u |a| cno+a+ ux uepapxu+. D+a save(aemc+ nuo
pacve+map+evu, nuo uvn,necue+evu e+ecucmev+evu deucmeu+vu, +e omeevas(uvu ,cnoeus sadavu,
nuo aano+avu, nuo ec+ cno+a+ de+mene+ocme save(aemc+ va+un,nupoea+uev onepa(u+vu.
lerpocta raptuua c uapyaeuuen orepauouaneuoro sseua ouapyusaetc u rpu ropaeuuu meve++o-
samenov+ex sou nosra. 8cerqa c+utanoce, +to s aton cny+ae y oneuMx s rpoterauuu uutennertyaneuoro arta
uapyaaetc orepauouaneuoe sseuo, a enoctuMu nMcnuteneuMu art repsu+uo coxpaueu.
Kar. octout qeno c orepaunu y atou rpyrrM oneuMx? / uux uapyaaktc apunetu+ecrue orepauu,
oquaro uutennertyaneuMe orepauu-qeuctsu uepeqro octaktc coxpauuMnu. 6oneuMe nornu crasate,
uarpunep, rpu peaeuuu apunetu+ecrou saqa+u, c rarunu qauuMnu ycnosu uyuo orepuposate u s enon
+to qenate, uo ue nornu sMronuute ueoxoqunMx apunetu+ecrux orepauu. 0uu nornu oequuute ux s
cucteny (unu rouurypauk), uo, rarue rpu aton rpuneuute apunetu+ecrue c+ucnutene-uMe orepauu
(cnoeuue unu sM+utauue, ynuoeuue unu qeneuue), ouu ue scerqa rouunanu. ae repesoq sMronueuu atux
orepauu ua rpoussoneuMu, ocosuauuMu yposeue ue scerqa rpusoqun r ycrexy. 3to noet yrasMsate ua
to,*+to yposeue uutennertyaneuoro uasMra rpu sMronueuuu apunetu+ecruxorepauu tare ue octasanc
uutartuMn. | q*anee, ecnu yqasanoce c ronoaek reqarora unu canoctoteneuo ocosuate, rarue orepauu
sqece ueoxoqunM, u sMpate uyuMe, to sMctyranu tpyquoctu uerocpeqctseuuoro ocyaectsneuu atux
c+ucnuteneuMx .orepauu. Tarun opason, orepauouaneuoe sseuo s aton cny+ae s enon qeuctsuteneuo
orasMsaetc uapyaeuuMn. 0quaro onee sMcorue yposuu oprauusauu orepauu, tpeykaue ocosuauu u
rouunauu oaeu cxenM orepauu u canoctoteneuMx sMcaux cuutesos, Mnu onee coxpauuMnu. Vouo
rpeqronoute, +to sMcauu yposeue oprauusauu u peanusauu orepauu uutennertyaneua orepau
ato repexoqua orepau neqy qeuctsuen u orepaueu: ato qeuctsue, rocronery uutennertyaneua
orepaun
uarpasneua ua ene, uo s to e spen uutennertyaneua orepau otuocutc r orepauouaneuony sseuy,
tar rar rpeqronaraet cosqauue uyuou oaeu cxenM (unu rouurypauu) orepauu.
Tarun opason, ecnu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten s orepauouaneuon sseue uapyaaetc yposeue
coctasneuu rporpannM uutennertyaneuMx orepauu u coxpauetc yposeue sMronueuu otqeneuMx
orepauu-uasMros, to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos uutennertyaneuMe orepauu, tpeykaue
cosqauu uosou rouurypauu uasMros s cootsetctsuu c ycnosuen u enek saqa+u, octaktc coxpauuMnu, uo
uapyaaetc rouunauue u sMronueuue otqeneuMx orepauu. 3tun oneuMn onee docm,n+o no+uva+ue
(enocm+ocmu, vev ee omdene+ocmu, rar ua yposue qeuctsuu, tar u ua yposue orepauu, a y one+ex c
no+ev cu+dpovov +aoopom. n
VM suqun, tarun opason, +to s orepauouaneuon sseue unekt necto uapyaeuu rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-
satMno+uMx u nouMx cucten nosra, uo ctpaqakt pasuMe yposuu orepauu. 8aera srepeq, otnetun, +to
tara e raptuua uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuoro arta ouapyusaetc u s qpyrux suqax nManeuu s
opasuon u uarnquo-qeuctseuuon, o rotopMx pe+e rouqet uue.
VM rpueraen r opnynuposran onee, neuee unu rpeunyaectseuuo uapyaeu (coxpaueu) ue
cny+auuo. VM xotun atun rorasate, so-repsMx, uctuuuoe ronoeuue qena, t. e. rar peaneuo rpoteraet
uapyaeuua qeteneuocte, u, so-stopMx, nM ten canMn roq+eprusaen, +to uapyaeuu oquoro ctpyrtypuoro
sseua (unu yposu) nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca ue noryt rpoterate usonuposauuo, es sosqeuctsu ua qpyrue ero
sseue. 8orpoc sarnk+aetc s repsu+uMx nexauusnax qeerta, rotopMu stopu+uo snuet ,ua sck
qeteneuocte s enon.
Tarun opason, auanus uapyaeuu ctpyrtypM u yuruu cnosecuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rorasan, +to rpu
ropaeuux nosra nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc uapyaaetc rpeqe scero rar qeteneuocte, repsu+uo ctpaqaet
sc ee narpoctpyrtypa notusauou-ua cepa cesuauu, t. e. rotpeuoctu, notusM, +to seqet r qeertan
uutennertyaneuoro arta rar eneuarpasneuuoro u canoperynupykaeroc rpoecca, s pesynetate uapyaaktc
coctasnkaue aty qeteneuocte qeuctsu u orepauu, uapyaaetc u routpone. pu ropaeuux nouMx
cucten nosra ctpaqakt sce tpu sseua qeteneuoctu, onee coxpauuMn octaetc orepauouaneuoe sseuo, uo u
sqece ouapyusaktc uapyaeuu, o rotopMx nM rucanu.
1artopon, neaaun s ocuose qeerta uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuuu no+e0x cucten
nosra, snetc uapyaeuue rpoecca npocpavvupoea+u+ u eecaeco cu+mesa. CtpyrtypuMe uapyaeuu
rposnktc s qeertax enoctuoctu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu. A. l. eoutees rucan, +to
qeteneuocte
159
rar enoctuMu rpoecc coctout ue us otqeneuocteu, a eru qeuctsuu. pu nopae+uu no+ex cucmev vosca
+ap,aaemc+ uve++o ama (ene deucmeuu u save(aemc+ omdene+ocm+vu, ee pacve+mavu. 6onee toro, uan
rpeqctasnetc, +to s aton cny+ae qeteneuocte uapyaaetc ue tonero rar ere qeuctsuu, uo |a| uepapxusu-
poea++a+ cucmeva.
pu ropaeuux meve++o-samenov+ex onacteu nosra ua repsoe necto sMctyraet uapyaeuue vexa+usva
eeopa u eenon+e+u+ onepa(uu, t. e. ctpaqaet ucronuuteneua ctopoua qeteneuoctu. eteneuocte rar
enoctuMu rpoecc u rar cuctena sqece ue uapyaaetc, uo repexoqut ua qpyrou yposeue oprauusauu _u
peanusauu. 3ta enoctua qeteneuocte u rossonet oneuMn c te-neuuo-satMno+uMn cuuqponon uqtu e
nouc|ax +,+ex onepa(uu om (enoco | vacmu, om o(eco | vacm+ov,.
Paccnotpes uapyaeuue nManeuu rar qeteneuoctu, ee ctpyrtypM u nurporeuesa co ctopouM y+actu
orpeqeneuuMx sou nosra s atou qeteneuoctu, qanee nM repeuqen r auanusy coctseuuo nMcnuteneuoro
pe+esoro rpoecca co ctopouM ero rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu.
8auoe necto s auanuse ratonoruu nManeu-u sauunaet rponena rouunauu. laa arcrepuneutaneuMu
natepuan rorasan, +to atot rpoecc, rar oauu, tar u +actuMu ero suq sepaneuoe rouunauue, urpaet
cyaectseuuyk pone s rpoterauuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. 8Mae nM rucanu (+. 1, rn. I), +to rpu-
qepusaenc tou rcuxonoru+ecrou roueruu rouunauu, cornacuo rotopou atot rpoecc paccnatpusaetc
rar qeteneuocte, ua+uuakaac c roucros o(eu vecnu u cvecna s sMcrasMsauuu, tercte, ycnosuu saqa+u u
t. q., u tonero roton ouo (rouunauue) repeneaaetc ua nercuro-ouetu+ecruu (yctauosneuue sua+euuu cnos)
u ua cuutarcu+ecruu (pacauposra sua+euuu pas) yposeue.
poecc rouunauu ecte scerqa rpoecc otopa u corpaaeuu, artusuou repepaotru u ceneruu natepuana.
8M+neueuue rponenuou cutyauu tare cssauo c rouunauuen.
8 uccneqosauux A. l. Coronosa, l. l. Vopososou, 8. E. CMp-ruuou, A. P. ypuu, . C. setrosou u
qp.'sua+uteneuoe necto otsoqutc nu+uoctu cyerta s rpoecce rouunauu, u s +actuoctu rouunauu pe+u.
ouunauue pe+u, c ux to+ru speuu, sasucut ot qsyx artopos yposu sMrosoro passutu (1) u yposu
passutu nu+uoctu cyerta (2). 0t repsoro artopa sasucut rouunauue nuae opnaneuou ctopouM sMrosou
cuctenM u, cneqosateneuo, rouunauue sua+euuu sepaneuou uuopnauu. onuo euuoe rouunauue atou
uuopnauu, t. e. rouunauue ee noru+ecrou ctopouM u cnMcna, oecre+usaetc nuae ssaunoqeuctsuen atux
qsyx yposueu (unu artopos) rouunauu. Cospeneuua nuursuctura tare paccnatpusaet art rouunauu
pe+esoro cooaeuu rar artusuMu u cnouMu rpoecc. Vuorue nuursuctM c+utakt, +to rouunauue
ua+uuaetc c roucra oaeu nMcnu unu
160
enoctuoro cnMcna. Kpone toro, rorMtru route pasy, terct uarpasneuM tare ua roucru routercta
socrpuuunaenoro tercta, sMcrasMsauu. 3to noet Mte ue tonero pe+esou, uo u uesepaneuMu routerct.
Ctpateru taroro rouunauu scerqa cssaua c sMqsueuuen rurotes (pre-suppositions), c artusuou u eneua-
rpasneuuou qeteneuoctek cyerta.
laa natepuan rorasan, +to qeuctsuteneuo y uctoros scroro nMcnuteneuoro arta neut no+uva+ue, rotopoe
rar rpoecc artusuou repepaotru u ceneruu uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuux nouMx cucten u orasMsaetc s
enon repsu+uo coxpauuMn rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra.
/ oneuMx c ropaeuuen no+ex cucten nosra orasanoce uapyaeuuMn rouunauue ycnosu apunetu+ecrou
saqa+u ua yposue cnMcna rpu coxpauuon rouunauuu opnaneuoro rpeqnetuoro coqepauu tercta. 0 aton
csuqetenectsyet rpasuneuoe rostopeuue ycnosu saqa+u, c oquou ctopouM, u qeertM rostopeuu,
cpasueuu, sMopa u opnynuposauu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u c qpyrou. |neuuo ata +acte tercta,
rpeqctasnkaa coou noru+ecroe sasepaeuue cnMcna saqa+u, orasanace ue tonero ueqoctyruou rouunauuk
oneuMx co nouMn cuuqponon, uo oua +acto octasanace sooae sue ron ux suunauu, u roue+uMu sorpoc
saqa+u ue Mn rpeqneton |x qeteneuoctu. 8ato oneuMe +acto rpasuneuo, terctyaneuo to+uo rostopnu
ycnosue saqa+u, t. e. ty ee +acte, rotopa norna cyaectsosate canoctoteneuo, s otpMse ot noru+ecroro
sorpoca. pu aton noruro-rcuxonoru+ecroe roctpoeuue saqa+u, ee cnMcnosoe coqepauue es roue+uoro
sorpoca pacraqanuce, t. e. saqa+a repectasana cyaectsosate.
8topa +acte arcrepuneutos, s rotopou uccneqosanace uarnquo-opasua opna nManeuu, rorasana, +to u
s aton cny+ae y oneuMx uapyaaetc rouunauue* uo-ye ue sepaneuoro, a uarnquoro natepuana. pu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
sMronueuuu saqauu pasnoute cepuu cketuMx raptuuor uauonee +actou oaurou Mna ux uecrocouocte
r sMqeneuuk oaeu cketuou nuuuu u cnMcna sceu cepuu, +to rposnnoce nuo s pacrnaqMsauuu raptuuor
ro sueaueny cxoqctsy otqeneuMx ux parneutos, nuo s pacrnaqMsauuu raptuuor usonuposauuo qpyr ot
qpyra u ot enoctuoro routercta.
3tu oauru yrasMsakt, so-repsMx, ua uapyaeuue opnuposauu y oneuMx enoctuoro opasa (rpu
socrputuu rar tercta, tar u uarnquo-opasuoro natepuana) toro, o vev u vmo cooaaetc s rpeqnoeuuon
natepuane, rotopMu u seqet r rouunauuk cnMcna. 8o-stopMx, tarou tur rouunauu (rouunauue-ysuasauue)
csuqetenectsyet o uapyaeuuu sM+neueuu u rouunauu otuoaeuuu; ussectuo, +to sueauuu nup ue ecte
rpoctou arperat rpeqnetos; ouu qauM pqon c rpeqnetuMnu otuoaeuunu, cssnu u sasucunoctnu.
8Mcueuue rocnequux s +ysctseuuon socrputuu u coctasnet cyte rpespaaeuu +ysctsosauu s rpeqnetuyk
nMcne. oatony scryk nMcne, raroro ropqra oua uu Mna, nouo paccnatpusate rar coroctasneuue
nMcnunMx oertos qpyr c
t^ 8aras 833 Ifil
qpyron s raron-nuo otuoaeuuu. lapyaeuue uneuuo orepauu coroctasneuu, cpasueuu, rotopoe seqet r
tpyquoctn sM+neueuu u rouunauu otuoaeuuu nMcnunMx unu uarnquo socrpuuunaenMx oertos,
rpeqnetos, xapartepuo qn no+ex one+ex. oatony y uux +ap,aasmc+ ma|ue eude no+uva+u+, |a| no+u-
va+ue-osedu+e+ue u no+uva+ue-cunomesa (ro 0. K- Tuxonuposy u 8. 8. 8uarosy).
0quaro sctakt sorpocM: ro+eny y so rpyrrM oneuMx sosuurakt atu qeertM, +to neut s ux ocuose, rarou
oauu paquran? laau rpeuue uccneqosauu u natepuanM uactoaeu paotM qakt ocuosauue .qn
rpeqronoeuu o cssu /T|X qeertos c uapyaeuuen qeteneuoctu, c oquou ctopouM, u c uapyaeuuen
rouunauu cnMcna c qpyrou.
lapyaeuu peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+ snktc cneqctsuen uapyaeuu rouunauu uneuuo cnMcna
saqa+. auuMe orMtos rorasanu, +to qeertM artusuou qeteneuoctu rposunuce s otcytctsuu
eneuarpasneuuMx qeuctsuu, aqersatuMx orepauu, c ronoaek rotopMx nouo Mno qoctu+e rouunauu
tercta saqa+u. 6oneuMe c ropaeuuen n<suMx cucten nosra ue rpueranu r roucry scronorateneuMx cpeqcts
qn rouunauu saqa+u. 8 to spen rar sqoposMe ucrMtyenMe u oneuMe c ropaeuuen te uekuo-
iasnouusx otqenos nosra canoctoteneuo rpueranu r sMopy scronorateneuMx cpeqcts qn qoctueuu
rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u (pucosauue saqa+u, cxenM; anrepau+ecrue unu apunetu+ecrue sarucu ycnosu u
t. q.), oneuMe c nouMn cuuqponon ue ucronesosanu uu oquo us repe+ucneuuMx cpeqcts.
8qoposMe ucrMtyenMe artusuo u canoctoteneuo sMronunu pq qeuctsuu u orepauu ro rouunauuk tercta
saqa+u. lauonee xapartepuMnu qeuctsunu ua repson atare Mnu cneqykaue:
a) artusuoe cnyaauue tercta saqa+u, corposoqaenoe sorpocanu r arcrepuneutatopy (ocnMcneuue
sua+euu); >.
) artusuMe sosspatM r rostopeuuk tercta saqa+u (osua+euue cnMcna).
la stopon atare:
a) repeopnynuposauue tercta saqa+u (rostopeuue csounu cnosanu);
) roctouuMu routpone sa csounu qeuctsunu (ocnMcneuuu sua+euuu ua onee sMcoron yposue);
s) rostopeuue nusro r tercty (osua+euue cnMcna).
8ce atu qeuctsu sMronunuce u oneuMnu c teneuuo-satMno+-uMn cuuqponon, oquaro us-sa uapyaeuu
nouuau sua+euuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ouu rpusoqunu oneuMx ue r ronuony rouunauuk
saqa+u, a nuae r, rouunauuk ooaeuuoro ee cnMcna.
6oneuMn c nouMn cuuqponon qoctyruo nuae rostopeuue, nusroe r tercty, es rarou-nuo paotM uaq ero
rouunauuen. n uux xapartepuo otcytctsue rpoqyrtusuMx qeuctsuu (unu orepauu) u routpon, rotopMe
saneaanuce nuo ronuMn es-
IR9
qeuctsuen, nuo unrynecusuMnu orepaunu, uarpasneuuMnu ue ua rouunauue coqepauu saqa+u, a ye ua
ee peaeuue.
ouunauue, rar M ero uu paccnatpusate rar ronroueut nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca unu rar canoctoteneuMu
uutennertyaneuMu rpoecc, rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra uapyaaetc ro-pasuony s sasucunoctu ot
toruru ropaeuu. 0uo uapyaaetc repsu+uo rpu ropaeuux nouMx sou nosra u cssauo rpeqe scero c
qeertanu rouunauu cnMcna u stopu+uo rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra us-sa qeertos
yposu rouunauu sepaneuMx sua+euuu.
l. . eqposuruu u C. l. Frocou rorasanu sasucunocte rouunauu u uerouunauu tercta saqa+u
aroneuuranu ot cpeqcts u rpoeqyp peaeuu, t. e. ot toro crocoa qeteneuoctu, rarun peeuor
ronesyetc rpu peaeuuu saqa+u.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to qauuMe uaaero arcrepuneutaneuoro uccneqosauu roqtsepqakt rpeqronoeuue o
cssu rouunauu c qeteneuoctek cyerta, c ee crocoanu u cpeqctsanu.
/ nouMx oneuMx uapyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna saqa+u, sarnk+akaeec s uruopuposauuu unu ucraeuuu ee
roue+uoro sorpoca, corposoqaetc ratonorueu ux qeteneuoctu, +to rposnetc s qeertax
notusauouuou cepM qeteneuoctu, otcytctsuu eneuarpasneuuoctu qeuctsu, uapyaeuuu (otcytctsuu
rotpeuoctu) routpon sa csounu qeuctsunu. VM c+utaen, +to ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu netoq uccneqosauu
rouunauu sua+uteneuo ronoet s peaeuuu cnouoro sorpoca o necte rouunauu s roruutusuou
qeteneuoctu +enosera.
ouunauue, u ocoeuuo ero +actuMu suq rouunauue pe+u, tecuo cssauo, rar nM suqenu sMae, c
rouunauuen sua+euuu u cnMcna. 8ua+euu oneae otuoctc r cepe oaectseuuo sMpaotauuMx u
oertusuMx suauuu o'peaneuon nupe o sneuux, oertax, rpeqnetax, uX ssaunocssx, a cnMcn ato
otuoaeuue cyerta r suaenony, ou uuqusuqyaneu u cyertuseu. CnMcnM rpeonaqakt so suytpeuueu pe+u,
rotopa u snetc cpeqctson rpespaaeuu cyertusuMx cnMcnos s cucteny sueauux u oertusuMx
sua+euuu. CnMcn cssau c rotpeuoctnu u notusanu u s enon c nu+uoctek +enosera, a sua+euue nuae
oqua us sou cnMcna, +to coctasnet ocuosuou sarou quuanuru sua+euuu, cnMcn onee quuanu+eu u aupor, ou
cssau c pe+ek tar e, rar c oertusuou peaneuoctek.
Cnoso supaet us routercta, s rotopMu ouo srneteuo, uutennertyaneuoe u aertusuoe coqepauue u
cssMsaet ero c unekaunuc y cyerta suauunu u otuoaeuunu. 3to u ecte ero cnMcn, rotopMu
sMpaaetc s sua+euux, a ue uaoopot, cvecn amo os+avaevoe. oatony xot u. cyaectsykt qsa rnaua
pe+u: suytpeuuuu cnMcnosou, unu cenautu+ecruu, u sueauuu ssy+aauu, asu+ecruu, uo ouu coctasnkt
equuctso, u raqMu us uux uneet csou sarouM rpoterauu s aton equuctse.
. C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to ...asu+ecra u cnMcnosa ctopo-
uM pe+esoro nManeuu, snce tecueuaun opason cssauuMnu neqy coou u rpeqctasn, s cyauoctu
rosop, qsa noneuta equuou, o+eue cnouou qeteneuoctu, ue cosraqakt qpyr c qpyron. 0e atu ctopouM
ueoquopoquM ro csoeu rcuxonoru+ecrou rpupoqe...'.
uursuctM, co csoeu ctopouM, c+utakt, +to qorasatenectson uetoqectseuuoctu cnMcna u sua+euu snetc
sosnouocte aqersatuoro repesoqa c oquoro sMra ua qpyrou. CnMcn paccnatpusaetc uerotopMnu
nuursuctanu rar ocooe arctpanuursuctu+ecroe sneuue, rotopoe rar rateropu nManeuu rpeqctasnet
coou cosoryruocte scex csseu raroro-nuo routu c qpyrunu routunu u rpeqctasneuunu; cnMcn cssau
c coqepauuen routu u peanusyetc s canMx pasnu+uMx opnax, cpequ rotopMx rnasueuaun snetc
sua+euue cnosa. 8ua+euue cnosa rpeqctasnet coou peanusauk cnMcna s cuctene sMra
2
.
laa ratonoru+ecruu natepuan tare snetc qorasatenectson ronoeuu o uetoqectseuuoctu sua+euu u
cnMcna. VM rony+unu ot+etnusMe artM, rosopaue o ton, +to cnMcn u sua+euue noryt uapyaatec
quepeuuposauuo: rpu ropaeuux meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra rpeunyaectseuuo coxpaueuo
rouunauue cnMcna ue tonero otqeneuMx cnos, uo u enMx pas, sMcrasMsauuu, terctos, uecnotp ua
uapyaeuue rouunauu sua+euuu cnouMx rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu. pu ropaeuuu no+ex cucten nosra,
uaoopot, uapyaaetc rouunauue cnMcna rpu otuocuteneuou coxpauuoctu rouunauu sua+euuu. 8 to e
spen, ucxoq us unekauxc s nutepatype rpeqctasneuuu o sua+euuu u cnMcne, ctauostc routuMnu u
artM o quepeuuposauuon ux uapyaeuuu u s enon o quepeuuposauuon uapyaeuuu rouunauu.
leoquopoquocte atux xapartepuctur pe+u u oneaa csse cnMcna c arctpanuursuctu+ecrunu sneuunu, c
rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctek pe+u, seqyt r ux quepeuuposauuou ratonoruu; uneuuo roatony oquu oneuMe
rouunakt cnMcn, a qpyrue sua+euue cnosa. 8ce atu ronoeuu o sua+euuu u cnMcne, ux equuctse u
pasnu+uu, o oertusuoctu u ooaeuuoctu sua+euu u cyertusuoctu u uuqusuqyaneuoctu cnMcna, o
cssu cnMcna c suytpeuueu, a sua+euu c sueaueu pe+ek, o rpoecce rouunauu, ua+uuakaeroc c
rquunauu oaero cnMcna, o qsyx rnauax pe+u, o otcytctsuu uerocpeqctseuuou cssu nMcnu c pe+esMn ee
sMpaeuuen u t. q. rony+unu, c oquou ctopouM, +etroe roqtsepqeuue s uaaen arcrepuneutaneuon
uccneqosauuu, a c qpyrou rocnyunu teopetu+ecrou ocuosou qn uuteprpetauu arcrepuneutaneuMx
ueuporcuxonoru+ecrux qauuMx u qn rouunauu ux oaercuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu. * 'n
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.V., I960-C. 297.
2
Cnkcapesa l. A. 0 suarosou cutyauu // FsMr u nManeuue.V., 1967.C. 282.
Auanus uaaero arcrepuneutaneuoro natepuana u nutepatypM ro atony sorpocy rorasan, +to sepaneuo-
noru+ecroe nManeuue, unekaee cnoueuaue ssaunootuoaeuu c pe+ek, uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuux u
nouMx, u teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra. opaeuu atux cucten nosra seqyt r rpuuuruaneuo pasuMn
opnan uapyaeuu nManeuu ro ctpyrtype qeerta, ero nexauusnan, ro rcuxonoru+ecrou cyauoctu u
qae ro rnuuu+ecrou raptuue ero rpoterauu.
8auMn snetc tot art, +to npu nopae+uu u meve++o-samenov+ex, u no+ex omdenoe vosca
+ap,aaemc+ npo(ecc no+uva+u+. 0quaro s cny+ae ropaeuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos rpeuny-
aectseuuo ctpaqaet rouunauue pe+u, +to orasMsaet stopu+uoe snuuue ua coctseuuo rouunauue rar
ycnosue unu coctasuoe ctpyrtypuoe sseuo nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, a rpu ropaeuuu nouMx sou nosra
ouapyusaetc ero repsu+uoe uapyaeuue.
VM ye otne+anu, +to rouunauue rpu peaeuuu cnosecuo-noru+ecrux saqa+ ua+uuaetc c uerocpeqctseuuoro
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
socrputu rotora sepaneuou uuopnauu u rou+aetc rnyuuuMn cyqeuuen, qn opnuposauu rotoporo
ueoxoquna coxpauuocte 1) yneuu roucra pasnu+uMx csseu u otuoaeuuu, cyaectsykaux neqy
rpeqnetanu (sneuunu, oertanu) peaneuoro nupa unu qauuMx s ycnosuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+, u 2)
crocouoctu ux rouunauu. 8ua+uteneua (uo ue equuctseuua) pone otsoqutc sqece pe+u, rotopa
sMctyraet u rar ycnosue, u rar cpeqctso, u rar opna ocyaectsneuu rouunauu.
/ oneuMx c no+ev cuuqponon ue uapyaaetc socrputue rotora sepaneuou (u uesepaneuou)
uuopnauu, uo, rar nM suqenu sMae, uapyaaktc roucrosa qeteneuocte ro sM+neueuuk rnasuoro,
cyaectseuuoro s ueu, qeuctsu otopa u ceneru uuopnauu, qeuctsu (u orepauu)^ ro peopasosauuk
roctyrakaeu uuopnauu, +to qenae'l'uesosnouMn opnuposauue rnyuuuoro cyqeuu, t. e. ronuoeuuoe
rouunauue u coqepauu, u cnMcna. Artusuyk roucrosyk u rpeopasykayk qeteneuocte ouu saneaakt
astonatu+ecrun u uerocpeqctseuuMn rosepxuoctuMn rouunauuen-ysuasauuen cutyauu, saqauu unu
saqa+u. euctsu ro auanusy natepuana saneaaktc astonatusuposauuMnu orepaunu ro ero ysuasauuk,
uneuuo roatony oneuMe c nouMn cuuqponon ue nornu route cytu apunetu+ecrou saqa+u u ee roue+uoro
sorpoca, sM+neuute u route rponenuyk cutyauk; scneqctsue +ero qn uux ueqoctyrua u qeteneuocte ro
coctasneuuk rnaua r tercty, qn rotopou ueoxoquno ocnMcneuue rouertyaneuoctu tercta, +to rosMaaet
to+uocte u ronuoty rouunauu.
+toM route terct, uyuo route cua+ana ero rouert. n atoro ueoxoquno ycnotpeuue unu.sM+neueuue
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros s sepaneuon tercte (ero roctpoeuuu) u ux ssaunocssu c peaneuou, roqnuuuou
qeuctsuteneuoctek. |neuuo atot yposeue pe+esoro nManeuu uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuux nouMx cucten.
pu rouunauuu +you pe+u scerqa orasMsaetc ueqoctato+uMn
rouunauue tonero oquux cnos, uo ue nMcnu coecequura
1
. 3to sosnouo nuae rpu coxpauuoctu routuu.
|nektc, rar ussectuo, sMcaue opnM routuu, rotopMe tpeykt auanusa u actparuposauu cyaectseuuMx
rpusuaros c rocneqykaun ux cuutesuposauuen, u uusaue opnM ato anrupu+ecrue routu unu ro-
teuuaneuMe routu rar yctauosra ua rpusM+uoe
2
.
Vouo qynate, +to rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra uapyaaktc sMcaue routu, a anrupu+ecrue u
roteuuaneuMe coxpauuM. 3tu oneuMe, paota c tercton, c apunetu+ecrou saqa+eu u qp., ouapyusanu
yctauosry ua rpusM+uoe. VM rpeqronounu, +to ronuoeuuoe rouunauue coqepauu, ctoaero sa tercton,
uapyaeuo us-sa qeertos s cepe routuu.
ocronery, rar nM yequnuce s arcrepuneute, rpu ropaeuux nouMx cucten nosra uapyaaktc roucrosa
qeteneuocte, usupateneuocte u cenertusuocte s socrputuu, roctonery uapyaaetc u ceva+muvec|uu rnau
rouunauu pe+u, a nu+ceucmuvec|uu, usuvec|uu octaktc onee coxpauuMnu.
/ nouMx oneuMx octaetc coxpauuMn rouunauue sua+euuu otqeneuMx cnos, rpeqnoeuuu u s" enon
tercta, uo s panrax sMrosMx rpasun, t. e. ua nuursuctu+ecron yposue, +to rar pas u uapyaaetc rpu
ropaeuux teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra. A s panrax rcuxonoru+ecroro rnaua rouunauue sua+euuu
coxpauuo nuae ua yposue anrupu+ecrux csseu.
ocronery rouunauue ato scerqa ecte pacauposra cnMcna, to ouo uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuux nouMx
cucten nosra u snetc eutpaneuMn qeerton, neaaun s ocuose uapyaeuu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca y
atou rpyrrM oneuMx'. Ecnu rosopute s acrerte cuctenuoctu rcuxu+ecrux yuruu u ux crocoos ssaunocssu,
to qeertM rpoecca rouunauu u rouunauu pe+u snktc oquou us rpu+uu uapyaeuu rpoterauu
sepaneuo-noru+e-croro nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca rpu ropaeuux nouMx cucten nosra.
ouunauue uapyaaetc, s csok o+epeqe, us-sa qeertos qeteneuoctu s enon, us-sa uapyaeuu cuctenuoro
socrputu sepaneuoro natepuana, a tare uesepaneuou uarnquou uuopnauu. enoctuoe socrputue
natepuana rar ueroeu cuctenM (rouurypauu), rotopa uneet cnMcn, saneaaetc socrputuen ot-
qeneuMx, usonuposauuMx ee +acteu. A ecnu u sosnouo ooaeuuoe socrputue, to ua yposue anrupu+ecrux
csseu. 8ce atu qeertM qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuux nouMx qoneu nosra, seqyaue r uapyaeuuk
artusuoctu, eneuarpasneuuoctu, r cuueuuk yposu socrputu, neat s ocuose uapyaeuu rouunauu
cnMcna u s enon pe+esoro u uarnquoro nManeuu.
|neuuo ata artusua paota u orepuposauue co cnMcnanu
1
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t. - V., 1982.- l. 2.C. 358.
2
Cn.: 8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu. V., 1960.
u uapyaaetc s repsyk o+epeqe rpu ropaeuuu nouMx sou nosra.
opaeuu meve++o-samenov+ex sou nosra tare seqyt r uapyaeuuk sepaneuoro nManeuu, u s aton
cny+ae toe ctpaqaet rouunauue, uo ro qpyrun ocuosauun u rpeunyaectseuuo ua yposue pe+u.
|s scero crasauuoro ctauosutc routuMn, ro+eny oneuMe c teneuuo-satMno+uMn cuuqponon, uecnotp ua
rpyoe uapyaeuue rouunauu sua+euuu, ctoaux sa noruro-rpannatu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu, rpu rpo+teuuu
ycnosu apunetu+ecrou saqa+u unu nutepatypuoro tercta rouunakt oauu cnMcn coqepauu, uecnotp ua
otcytctsue to+uoro rouunauu sua+euu nuorux cnos u rouctpyruu.
Taroe paccornacosauue neqy coxpauuoctek rouunauu oaero cnMcna u uapyaeuuen rouunauu sua+euuu
rourpetuMx rpeqnoeuuu u cnos nM'uepeqro sctpe+anu rpu aasuu u anercuu, sosuurakaux rpu ropaeuuu
suco+uo-teneuuMx otqenos.
Tar, oquu us uaaux oneuMx c ronrnercuou ceucopuou aasueu pasy us yrsap lu+a vena pav, +utan rar
eso+ra noet oruo unu pasy /++ u 0aaa eevenu p,|u u nesm vau +utan rar etu nokt pyru u eqt
raay VM suqun, +to cnMcn repeqau rpasuneuo, uo ue to+uo repeqauM rourpetuMe sua+euu. Cnosa,
uecyaue rourpetuMe sua+euu lu+a, /++ u 0aaa, saneaeuM ooaeuuMnu cnosanu deeov|a u demu,
rpasuneuo otpaakaunu rateropuk routuu. Vouo crasate, +to nMcne routa, rocronery oua ecte
orepuposauue c cyertusuMn roqon cnMcnos, uo oua ue rony+una to+uoro sMpaeuu s pe+u.
Tara opna rouunauu cnMcna sMpaeua tonero naroqap tony, +to, rar rucan . C. 8Mrotcruu, ...cnMcn
tar e noet Mte otqeneu ot sMpaakaero ero cnosa, rar nerro noet Mte urcuposau s raron-nuo
qpyron cPose>'. CnMcn cnosa cssau c enou pasou, roatony oquo*cnoso noet nerro saneutec qpyrun:
omden++ce om cnoea, cvecn mev cavev coxpa++emc+. Veqy cnMcnon u cnoson cyaectsykt ropasqo onee
uesasucunMe otuoaeuu, +en neqy cnoson u sua+euuen (tan e).
To e canoe nM uankqanu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx'otqenos nosra u rpu peaeuuu
apunetu+ecrux saqa+, u s paote c nutepatypuMn tercton. 3tu oneuMe, rar rpasuno, ynasnusanu unu
uerocpeqctseuuo cxsatMsanu oauu cnMcn ycnosu saqa+u u rponeny rpu oquospeneuuo rpyon uapyaeuuu
rouunauu rourpetuMx sua+euuu pas u ueronuon rouunauuu tou uuopnauu, rotopa ctout sa uunu. 3tu
artM roqtsepqakt u to ronoeuue, +to nMcne ue coctout us otqeneuMx cnos, a rpeqctasnet coou ue+to
enoe, ueroe cunynetauuoe opasosauue. 6oneuMe c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu nosra u cxsatMsakt
oauu cnMcn u nMcne, coqepaaykc s tercte cunynetauuo.
| ecnu rosopute o rnauax pe+esoro nManeuu u pe+u, to s
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2.C. 348.
atux cny+ax cuo, +to octaetc coxpauuou suytpeuu, cnMcnosa, cenautu+ecra ctopoua pe+u, a
uapyaaetc sueau, asu-+ecra (nuursuctu+ecra), oquaro rocronery atu qsa rnaua pe+u cyaectsykt s
equuctse, to ouu snukt qpyr ua qpyra. | ato nu tare ouapyunu s uaaen uccneqosauuu: oneuMe c
teneuuo-satMno+uMnu cuuqponanu xot u cxsatMsakt cnMcn, uo nuae oauu. Coxpauuocte crocouoctu
cxsatMsauu oaero cnMcna rosutusuo snuet ua rouunauue sua+euuu cnouMx noruro-rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu, uo uapyaeuue rouunauu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ue qaet un sosnouoctu rouunauu
cnMcna ua onee sMcoron yposue ooaeuu, cnMcna, sMpaeuuoro ssua+e-uux cnos unu ux ronuuaux s
rpeqnoeuux. Vouo qynate, +to rpoecc rouunauu uqet ot rnMrn^------ r sua+euun u opatuo, a tare ot
enoro ^_
>
r +actu u opatuo (ot TPKlTF t >
r pase _----* r cnosy). ocronery cnMcnosoe uaronueuue pe+u
u pe+esoe sMpaeuue nMcnu ue cosraqakt ro csoeu ctpyrtype u yuruu, to ouu noryt, ssaunoqeuctsy,
qoronute qpyr qpyra u cnyute rar M crocoon rpouuruoseuu u rouunauu sueauero u suytpeuuero rnaua
pe+u, +to ronesuo y+utMsate rpu peaunutauu oneuMx.
8ecena rpusnerateneuou qn
1
uuteprpetauu atux ueuporcu-xonoru+ecrux artos snetc ronoeuue,
sMqsuuytoe ussectuMn rcuxonoron 0. K- TuxonuposMn (cosnectuo c ero y+euuranu u cotpyquuranu), o uosMx
opnax ueocosuasaenoro rcuxu+ecroro otpaeuu u uosMx ctpyrtypuMx equuuax qeteneuoctu, oquou us
rotopMx snktc +eeepanusoea++ee cvecne, unekaue perynupykayk yuruk: corpaaeuue roucra,
perynuposauue rpoeccos otpaeuu cyaectseuuMx csoucts u otuoaeuuu, rpespaaeuue roucra s ene. 0u
c+utaet tare, +to opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte opnupyet ueocosuasaenMe.rcuxu-
+ecrue otpaeuu, t. e. uesepanusosauuMe cnMcnM nuo ycnosuu saqa+u, nuo enMx rpyrr cutyauu. VM
ato suqenu rpu peaeuuu apunetu+ecrux u sepaneuMx (+teuue) saqa+ oneuMnu c ropaeuuen teneuuo-
satMno+uMx otqenos nosra. punepM +teuu oneuMnu terctos c repeqa+eu ux cnMcnos^ uo ue to+uoro
sua+euu noryt Mte ocueuM c atux rosuuu: sepanusosauuoe otpaeuue (s uaaen cny+ae +teuue,
repecras ycnosu saqa+u u qp.) rar ooaeuue uesepanusosauuMx otuoaeuuu
1
, opnuposauue rotopMx
oM+uo rpeqaectsyet ux sepanusauu, unu osua+euuk cnMcnos (ro . C. 8Mrotcrony).
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to y oneuMx c ropaeuuen meve++o-samenov+ex omdenoe vosca nM ouapyusaen
coxpa++ocme +eeepanusoea++ex cvecnoe u rpyoe ux +ap,ae+ue (pu nopae+uu no+ex so+ vosca.
Dmdene+ue cvecna om cnoea, o |omopov nucan . 0. 3ecomc|uu, eosvo+o, oveeud+o, sa cvem
c,(ecmeoea+u+ +eeepanusoea++ex
Cn.: Tuxonupos 0. K. cuxonoru usmneu. H., 1984.- 6. 85.
cvecnoe. |neuuo coxpauuocte atux cnMcnos xopoao rpocneusaetc y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-
satMno+uMx otqenos nosra s pasnu+uMx suqax uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s tar uasMsaenon
yraqMsakaen +teuuu, rpu rotopon, sepotuo, artyanusupyktc uesepanusosauuMe cnMcnM cutyauu, uo
ux ucto+uuron snetc sepaneua uuopnau. lan ueoquorpatuo sctpe+anuce cny+au, rorqa ucrnk+euue
sueaueu pe+u y oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu u suco+uMnu ropaeuunu nosra seno r ycreauony
peaeuuk apunetu+ecrux saqa+, sMronueuuk c+etuMx orepauu.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
lan rpeqctasnetc tare, +to y oneuMx c ropaeuuen suco+uMx u teneuuMx sou nosra uesepanusosauuMe
cnMcnM opnupyktc rpu peaeuuu saqa+ ua artyanusauk opasos-rpeqctasneuuu c ronoaek pucosauu, o
+en pe+e yqet uqtu uue.
|snoeuuMe uanu artM u ux uuteprpetau ua repsMu ssrnq rar yqto sctyrakt s rpotusope+ue c pauee
ussectuMnu u orucauuMnu A. P. ypueu u ero y+euuranu. 6Mno ussectuo, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-
satMno+uMx sou nosra ocuosuMn artopon, neaaun s ocuose u aasuu, u aranerynuu, snetc uapyaeuue
cunynetauuoro socrputu rpoctpauctseuuMx cuutesos, s cssu c +en u uapyaaetc cunynetauuoe
socrputue u rouunauue pas, rpannatu+ecra rouctpyru rotopMx otpaaet rpoctpauctseuuoe otuoaeuue
oertusuoro nupa, +to u seqet, rar rucan A. P. y-pu, r uapyaeuuk rouunauu s+ave+u+, ctoaero sa atunu
pasanu. laa e natepuan rorasan, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra oneuMn
qoctyruo u enoctuoe cunynetauuoe socrputue tercta (pasM), u enoctuoe cunynetauuoe rouunauue ero
coqepauu, +o mone|o +a ,poe+e cvecna. lan rpeqctasnetc, +to s aton cny+ae os+c+e+ue voem
neame e v+oco,poe+eeou cmp,|m,pe npo(eccoe eocnpu+mu+ u no+uva+u+: uapyaeuue cunynetauuoro
socrputu ouapyusaetc nuae ua nuursuctu+ecron yposue oprauusauu pe+u (rnau sua+euuu, ro . C.
8Mrotcrony) ro rpu+uue uapyaeuu rpoctpauctseuuMx cuutesos (ua yposue pe+u rsasurpoctpauctseuuMx);
oquaro +a ncuxonocuvec|ov ,poe+e (nna+ cvecna) opca+usa(uu pevu cnoco+ocme | cuv,nema++ov,
eocnpu+mus u no+uva+us cvecna ocmaemc+ coxpa++ou.
3tu artM nuae roqtsepqakt ronoeuue . C. 8Mrotcroro o ton, +to ...cenautu+ecroe uaronueuue pas, t.
e. cnMcnosoe uaronueuue u pe+esa ctopoua ue cosraqakt ro csoeu ctpyrtype'. Ecnu nM paccnotpun
nkyk rpannatu+ecryk, cuutarcu+ecryk opny, nkoe pe+esoe rpeqnoeuue, to nM ysuqun, +to
rpannatu+ecra opna atoro rpeqnoeuu ue cosraqaet c cootsetctsykaun cnMcnosMn equuctson* rotopoe
sMpaaetc s qauuou opne
2
.
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.V., I960,C. 297.
2
Tan e.C. 296.
3to ronoeuue . C. 8Mrotcroro, c oquou ctopouM, rony+aet qoronuuteneuoe qorasatenectso ero
rcuxonoru+ecrou peaneuoctu s uaaux arcrepuneutaneuMx orMtax, a c qpyrou rony+euuMe artM uaxoqt
csoe teopetu+ecroe ocueuue; ctauosutc routuMn, ro+eny oneuMe c uapyaeuuen rouunauu sua+euuu
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu rouunakt cvecn me|cma (eueuuo-iasnouuse souM), a oneuMe c coxpauuMn
rouunauuen sua+euuu atux pe+esMx rouctpyruu ue rouunakt ux cnMcna u cnMcna tercta s enon (nouMe
cuctenM nosra).
8Mae nM rosopunu o ctpyrtypuMx uapyaeuux rpoecca socrputu, rouunauu pe+u, cnosecuo-noru+ecroro
nManeuuu u rouunauu rar ero ctpyrtypuoro sseua. 0ctaetc otrpMtMn sorpoc nexauusnos rpoterauu atux
rpoeccos rouunauu u uerouunauu. 8qece uan rpeqctasnetc uutepecuMn sMqsuuytoe ussectuMn
rcuxonoron 8. . 8uu+euro ronoeuue o quuanu+ecrou cssu sua+euuu u cnMcnos, o ronucenuu sua+euuu u
ronusua+uoctu cnMcnos. la canon qene, ruaet 8. . 8uu+euro, scerqa uneetc ronucenu sua+euuu u
ronusua+uocte cnMcnos, uneetc usMto+uoe rone sua+euuu u usMto+uoe rone cnMcnos
1
. 0rupace ua ato
sMcrasMsauue, nM cqenanu rorMtry uautu otset ua sorpoc: rar oneuMe qocturakt rouunauu s oquux
cny+ax u ro+eny ue qocturakt atoro s qpyrux?
8 uopne s rpoecce oaeuu ata ronucenu +acto snetc rpu+uuou ueqorouunauu, a s ratonoruu ata
usMto+uocte ronoraet ronreucuposate uerouunauue rourpetuMx sua+euuu ryten opaaeuu r coxpauuMn
cnMcnan (rar M .r ocnMcneuuk sua+euuu) c rocneqykaun repexoqon r osua+euuk cnMcnos, t. e. n,me om
no+uva+u+ cvecnoe (|ovne+ca(u+ +eno+uva+u+ s+ave+uu) ------*- | ocvecne+us s+ave+uu------> | os+ave+us
cvecnoe
ato coctseuuo ryte, ro rotopony uqet ronreucau uapyaeuuoro rouunauu sua+euuu rpu coxpauuoctu
notusupykaeu cepM qeteneuoctu, artusuoctu u eneuarpasneuuoctu qeteneuoctu, +to xapartepuo qn
teneuuo-satMno+uMx oneuMx. / nouMx oneuMx octaetc coxpauuMn rouunauue sua+euuu, uo s
tpaquuouuon qeuotatusuon roqxoqe r sua+euuk, p. e. -rpeqnetuoe sua+euue, y uux uapyaaktc cnMcnM, ux
rouunauue, uapyaaetc u ocnMcneuue sua+euuu u osua+euue cnMcnos. 0uu qocturakt rouunauu sua+euuu
noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu naroqap coxpauuony y uux rouunauuk oaero cnMcna, cua+ana ryten
ocnMcneuu sua+euuu, a saten osua+euu cnMcnun.
Tarun opason, rouunauue sua+euuu uneet nuoroyposuesoe ctpoeuue u orpeqeneuuyk uepapxuk sseuees: 1)
rouunauue oaero cnMcna ua uusron yposue ooaeuu, 2) ocnMcneuue sua+euuu. 3) osua+euue cnMcnos u 4)
rouunauue cnMcna ua onee sMcoron yposue ooaeuu.
Vouo rpeqronoute, +to cnosa u ux rpeqnetuoe sua+euue
|ueuepua rcuxonoru / oq peq. . h, eousesa.n*- V., 1964.C. 24.
artyanusupykt cootsetctsykaue un opasM-rpeqctasneuu u ux ssaunootuoaeuu, artususupykt u
rourpetuMu uuqusuqyaneuMu orMt u suauu, rotopMe cosqakt ocuosy qn rouunauu repsu+uoro cnMcna.
3tot rpoecc rpoteraet cunynetauuo u ueocosuauuo. A stopoe u tpetee sseue ocnMcneuue sua+euuu u
osua+euue cnMcnos rpoteraet cyreccusuo, passepuyto, ryten ocosuauuou uutennertyaneuou paotM ro
repeauposre sua+euuu noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ua equuuM cnMcna ye onee sMcororo
ropqra.
8 uopne, ro sceu sepotuoctu, rouunauue pe+u (sepaneuou opnM uuopnauu) u rouunauue nMcnu
(cooaeuu u t. q.) rpeqctasnkt coou cunynetauuMu rpoecc (sosnouo, atu rpoeccM rpoterakt
rapanneneuo).
pu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra atot cunynetauuMu rpoecc (s 1-n sseue) rpespaaaetc
s cyreccus-uMu (so 23-n sseuex): oneuMe cua+ana paotakt uaq rouunauuen toro, o vev rosoputc, a
saten uaq rouunauuen toro, vmo repeqaet atot terct.
pu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra nM suqun rpotusoronouyk raptuuy. / oneuMx atou rpyrrM octaktc
coxpauuMnu sua+euu, uo rpeunyaectseuuo anrupu+ecrue sua+euu ua yposue uteucrux rpeqctasneuuu,
cnMcn e rpyo uapyaaetc, uapyaaetc u ocnMcneuue sua+euuu, u osua+euue cnMcnos. lapyaeuue cnMcna
uaxoqutc s cssu c uapyaeuuen notusauouuou cepM qeteneuoctu u uuqusuqyaneuoro cosuauu, rotopoe
uecsoquno r esnu+uony suauuk. Cosuauue scerqa rpuctpactuo, u ouo ecte ue tonero suauue, uo u otuoaeuue.
oatony u cnMcn sMctyraet ...rpeqe scero rar otuoaeuue, rotopoe cosqaetc s usuu, s qeteneuoctu
cyerta
1
. 3to om+oae+ue u +ap,aaemc+ npu nopae+u+x no+ex doneu vosca u, sosnouo, neut s ocuose
uapyaeuu rouunauu cnMcna, rotopoe stopu+uo ro otuoaeuuk r repsu+uony uapyaeuuk otuoaeuu.
8auMn uan rpeqctasnetc auanus uapyaeuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu u e acne|me
coom+oae+u+ vecnu c e+,mpe++eu peves. 0patus suunauue s csoen auanuse arcrepuneutaneuMx artos
ua coctouue suytpeuueu pe+u s rpoecce peaeuu oneuMnu pasnu+uMx nMcnuteneuMx saqa+, nM
ouapyunu, +to suytpeuu pe+e rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra ue uapyaaetc, uo
ctpaqakt oa ronkca pe+esoro nManeuu nMcne u sueau pe+e. . C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to suytpeuu
pe+e ato ocoMu suytpeuuuu rnau pe+esoro nManeuu, orocpeqykauu quuanu+ecrue otuoaeuu neqy
nMcnek u cnoson; ato ueyctou+usMu, tery+uu noneut neqy rpauuunu ronkcanu pe+esoro nManeuu: neqy
nMcnek u cnoson. |ssectuo tare, +to suytpeuu pe+e orepupyet cnMcnanu, cenauturou u rpeonaqauue s
ueu cnMcna uaq sua+euunu ...qoseqeuo qo natenatu+ecroro
eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru.V., 1981.C. 300.
rpeqena u rpeqctasneuo s aconktuou opne'. pu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra octaetc
onee coxpauuMn cnMcn u ou rpeonaqaet uaq sua+euunu s pe+enMcnuteneuon rpoecce atou rpyrrM
oneuMx; oquaro uapyaeuue sueaueu pe+u, s +actuoctu, ee uunpeccsuo ctopouM, ue rossonet atun
oneuMn to+uo route u copnynuposate nMcne, sanoeuuyk s cnouMx pasax. pu ropaeuuu nouMx
otqenos nosra nouo qynate, +to suytpeuu pe+e uapyaaetc rpu otuocuteneuou coxpauuoctu sueaueu.
oatony nM u ouapyusaen y atux- oneuMx uapyaeuue cnMcna, rpesanupykaee uaq uapyaeuuen rnaua
sua+euuu, t. e. uapyaeuue toro rcuxonoru+ecroro ron, s rotopon rpoteraet suytpeuu pe+e.
|ssectuo, +to otuoaeuue nMcnu r cnosy ecte usou rpoecc poqeuu nMcnu s cnose, nMcne cosepaaetc s
cnose, u sce atu rpoeccM rpoucxoqt rpeunyaectseuuo so suytpeuueu pe+u. 3tu rpoeccM uapyaaktc rpu
ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra u otuocuteneuo onee coxpauuM rpu ropaeuux teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou
nosra. oatony y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon, ocoeuuo c ropaeuuen rpepoutaneuMx u saque-nouMx
otqenos, u cana sueau pe+e +acto ssy+ut opnaneuo, rar M s otpMse ot nMcnu. C. . Pyuuateuu rucan,
+to rosopute ato ue sua+ut nMcnute, u ato s oneaou nepe sepuo qn oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon.
Karos e rourpetuMu nexauusn uapyaeuu rouunauu cnMcna u coxpauuoctu rouunauu sua+euuu y nouMx
oneuMx?
CnMcn u ero rouunauue noryt opnuposatec ua pasuMx yposux yuruouuposauu nMcnuteneuoro
rpoecca. Cua+ana opnupyetc ooaeuuMu rnoaneuMu repsu+uMu cnMcn c ronoaek ocnMcneuu
qeuotatusuMx sua+euuu, coqepaauxc s ctunyneuon natepuane, saten ryten' artusuoro auanusa, rpoteraet
osua+euue atux oaux cnMcnos, u roatony ua cneqykaen yposue rosnetc sosnouocte opnuposauu
ooaeuuMx rnoaneuMx cnMcnos onee sMcororo ropqra, rotopMe u neat s ocuose ronuoeuuoro
rouunauu. Ecnu rpuneuute sqece tot e croco rcuxonoru+ecroro auanusa, rotopMu sMae nM rpuneuunu r
uutennertyaneuMn orepaun, to onee sMcoruu yposeue ooaeuu cnMcnos u ux rouunauu
ocyaectsnetc ryten cosqauu us qauuMx aneneutos ctunyna (nutepatypuor tercta, tercta saqa+u, cepuu
cketuMx raptuuor u t. q.) onee sMcorux canoctoteneuMx cuutesos, rpeqctasnkaux coou ye qpyryk,
onee sMcororo yposu ooaeuu rouurypauk tex e coctasuMx aneneutos. |neuuo atot yposeue
sMcaero cuutesa u cosqauu uosMx rouurypauu uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra. pu
aton y oneuMx uapyaaetc uusauu yposeue opnuposauu oaero rnoaneuoro cnMcna; atu oneuMe
noryt orepuposate nuae c
8 E rotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2.C. 348.
otqeneuMnu aneneutanu ctunyna, c qeuotatusuMnu sua+euunu cnos u c ronoaek rpusM+uMx uasMros.
pu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra octaetc coxpauuMn rar uusauu yposeue opnuposauu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
cnMcna, tar u rpuuuruaneuo coxpauua crocouocte r sMcaun cuutesan, rotopMe ctpaqakt stopu+uo us-sa
repsu+uoro uapyaeuu orepauu c aneneutanu sepaneuoro ctunyna.
8 cssu c atun ssrnqon ua sosnouMe rcuxonoru+ecrue nexauusnM uapyaeuu (unu coxpauuoctu) rouunauu
cnMcna pe+esou uuopnauu rpu ropaeuuu pasnu+uMx onacteu nosra ue neueauu uutepec rpeqctasnet
rcux'onuursuctu+ecruu acrert auanusa uaaero natepuana.
|ssectuo, +to ropaeuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra seqyt r uapyaeuuk rouunauu sua+euuu,
neaaux sa orpeqeneuuMnu noruro-rpann-atu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu. laa arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan
rorasan, +to atu pe+esMe qeertM neat s ocuose uapyaeuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu y atou
rpyrrM oneuMx, rotopMe rpu aton uapyaeuuu xopoao rouunakt cnMcn. 8Mae nM cqenanu rorMtry
ocuute atot art quepeuuposauuoro uapyaeuu sua+euunu cnMcna' ryten rcuxonoru+ecroro auanusa
uapyaeuuu pe+u u nManeuu. 0quaro sosuurakt sorpocM: uapyaaetc nu tonero pe+e, unu uapyaeuue
saxsatMsaet u sMr toe? +to neut s ocuose qeertos nManeuu s aton cny+ae sMr, pe+e unu u sMr, u
pe+e? VM rouunaen, uacronero cnoua ata rponena, roatony nM cqenaen nuae rorMtry rpatro rocuute
uerotopMe uaau arcrepuneutaneuMe artM. VM ucxoqun us rpeqctasneuuu o sMre u pe+u rar o cnouon
quanertu+ecron equuctse, ouu ue toqectseuuM, uo equuM; sMr s aton equuctse sMctyraet rar cpeqctso
peanusauu pe+u.
peqe scero otnetun, +to cpequ rcuxonoros u rcuxonoru+ecru opueutuposauuMx nuursuctos cyaectsyet
nueuue o uanu+uu u rpeqnoeuux rpannatu+ecroro u rcuxonoru+ecroro roqneaaero u crasyenoro, rotopMe
ue cosraqakt qpyr c qpyron. peqctasutenu rcuxonoru+ecrou roueruu s sMrosuauuu... s ra+ectse ron-
roueutos nMcnu (cyqeuu), sMpaaenou rpeqnoeuuen, sMqenkt ue noru+ecruu rpequrat u cyert, a
rcuxonoru+ecroe crasyenoe u rcuxonoru+ecroe roqneaaee, rucan 8. 3. auunos'. Tarou e to+ru speuu
rpuqepusanuce l. laenu, l. ayne, 1. 1. 1optyuatos u qp. 1. 1. 1optyuatos, uarpunep, orpeqenn
sMpaaenyk nMcne s rpeqnoeuuu rar rcuxonoru+ecroe, a ue noru+ecroe cyqeuue, a l. ayne otne+an:
lpannatu+ecra rateropu rpeqctasnet qo uerotopou ctereuu oraneueuue rcuxonoru+ecrou
2
, . C.
8Mrotcruu roqneaaee u crasyenoe uasMsan rcuxonoru+ecrunu qsouuuranu.
1
auunos 8. 3. 8saunootuoaeuue sMra u nManeuu.V., 1971.C. 138.
2
ut. ro: 8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982. - T. 2,C. 309.
173
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to uanu+ue uneuuo atux rcuxonoru+ecrux qsouuuros snetc oquun us artopos,
rossonkaux oneuMn c uapyaeuuen crocouoctu uerocpeqctseuuoro rouunauu sua+euuu rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu rouunate u coqepauue, rotopoe sMpaeuo s rpeqnoeuuu, u ero cnMcn, rocronery, rar rucan
onau, ...cnMcn cnosa rpeqctasnet coou cosoryruocte scex rcuxonoru+ecrux artopos, sosuurakaux s
uaaen cosuauuu naroqap cnosy
1
.
3to eae oquo qoronuuteneuoe ocueuue toro arta, ro+eny oneuMe c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu
ropaeuunu nosra c rpyMn uapyaeuuen rouunauu sua+euuu rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu ten ue neuee
coxpaukt crocouocte rouunauu oaero cnMcna rpeqnoeuu u tercta. Kpone toro, atony crococtsykt u
ocoeuuoctu canux noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu s pyccron sMre. Pq nuursuctos ronarakt, +to s
sMre ronuno rpannatu+ecroro (cuutarcu+ecroro) yposu cyaectsyet u noruro-rpannatu+ecruu, raqMu us
rotopMx uneet csou creuu+ecrue xapartepucturu. |x auanus seqet r rouunauuk rpeqnoeuu ue tonero
rar sMrosou equuuM, uo u rar pe+esou. Pasnu+ue atux ctpyrtyp rposnetc rpeqe scero s ton, +to
...roqneaaee u crasyenoe, rar oprauusykaue eutpM cuutarcu+ecroro yposu, ue cosraqakt coot-
setctseuuo c noruro-rpannatu+ecrun cyerton u rpequraton ua noruro-rpannatu+ecron yposue
2
. la noruro-
rpannatu+ecron yposue rpeqnoeuu, rotopMu, ro nueuuk nuorux nuursuctos, uaqctpausaetc uaq
cuutarcu+ecrun, ocoMnu rpannatu+ecrunu cpeqctsanu sMpaaetc cyertuo-rpequratua ctpyrtypa
nMcnu. lerotopMe astopM, paccnatpusa sorpoc o cootuoaeuuu cuutarcu+ecroro u cyrepcuutarcu+ecroro (n
oruro- rpannatu+ecroro) yposueu s rnaue cootuoaeuuu sMra u pe+u, c+utakt noruro-rpannatu+ecruu yposeue
rpuuaqneuoctek pe+u, a cuutarcu+ecruu rpuuaqneuoctek sMra. Tar, 3.6euseuuct sooae pac-
cnatpusaet rpeqnoeuue ue rar sMrosyk equuuy, a rar equuuy pe+u. 8. 3. auunos tare otne+aet, +to
rpeqnoeuue s enon, s ero rourpetuon nercu+ecron uaronueuuu u coqepauuu, s ero oycnosneuuoctu
cutyaueu, ...rpeqctasnet coou pe+esyk equuuy, t. e. snetc rpuuaqneuoctek pe+u, a ue sMra
3
.
3tot noruro-rpannatu+ecruu yposeue coctseuuo u xapartepusyet cano rpeqnoeuue rar equuctso,
sMpaakaee otuocuteneuo sarou+euuyk nMcne u otueceuuoe r sMpaaenou s uen qeuctsuteneuoctu. Kar
cnoso snetc ue rpocto cynnou nopen, a equuueu sMcaero yposu ro otuoaeuuk r nopene, tar u
rpeqnoeuue ua noruro-rpannatu+ecron yposue roctpoeuu snetc ue cynnou cnos, a noruro-
rpannatu+ecrun equuctson.
1
ut ro: 8 M r o t c r u u . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V.. 1982.T. 2.C. 346.
2
auunos 8. 3. 8saunootuoaeuue sMra u nManeuu.V., 1971.C. 221.
3
Tan e.C. 165.
opae+ue meve++o-samenov+ex omdenoe vosca eedem | +ap,ae+us eocnpu+mu+ one+evu uve++o amoco
edu+cmea, o +en rucan A. P. ypu u .rotopoe nM uankqanu s uaaen arcrepuneute: oneuMe xopoao
rouunanu sua+euu otqeneuMx cnos, srnk+euuMx so pasy, uo ue nornu route sua+euuu cnouMx
rouctpyruu, s rotopMe atu cnosa srnk+euM. 3to noet rosopute s ronesy uapyaeuu cuutarcu+ecroro yposu
rpeqnoeuuu y atou rpyrrM, t. e. yposu, rotopMu otpaaet nuursuctu+ecruu acrert pe+u, otuocauuc s
oneaeu nepe r sMry, +en r pe+u.
lecrocouocte oneuMx cqenate pasop rpeqnoeuu ro +actn pe+u u ro +neuan rpeqnoeuu, route
sua+euu tarux cuutarcu+ecrux ctpyrtyp, rar +ecvomp+ +a, xom+, ecnu e, nocne moco, |a| u qp., snkauxc
sMrosMnu ctpyrtypanu, rpussauuMnu ...repeqate rpu+uuuMe, rpoctpauctseuuMe, speneuuMe, ycnosuMe,
rpotusoroctasuteneuMe u qpyrue sasucunoctu u ssaunootuoaeuu neqy nMcnnu
1
, s enon seqet r
uapyaeuuk rouunauu cuutarcu+ecrux ssaunootuoaeuuu neqy cnosanu u otpaeuuMx s uux
ssaunootuoaeuuu peaneuMx oertos (rpeqnetos, sneuuu). A coxpauuMe cyrepcuutarcu+ecrue ctpyrtypM
(noruro-rpannatu+ecruu yposeue), otuocauec onee r pe+u, rossonkt oneuMn rpouuruyte s coqepauue u
cnMcn rpeqnoeuu.
|cxoq us nutepatypuMx u uaaux arcrepuneutaneuMx qauuMx, nouo rpeqronoute, +to uapyaeuue
sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu ropaeuux teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra, ecnu paccnatpusate ero s
rcuxonuursuctu+ecron acrerte, sosuuraet uerocpeqctseuuo ua nuursuctu+ecron (rpannatu+ecron) yposue us-
sa qeertos rourpetuMx uasMros u orepauu c rpannaturou sMra, oecre+usakaux rouunauue sua+euuu
rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu.
cuxonoru+ecruu yposeue,
n
ua "rotopon rpoucxoqut rouunauue cnMcna, rpu aton octaetc coxpauuMn. Vouo
qynate, +to rpu atou noranusauu ropaeuu nosra rpeunyaectseuuo uapyaaetc rouunauue roqos sMra, a
ue pe+u, a stopu+uo uapyaaetc u rouunauue pe+u rar ectectseuuoro rposneuu sMra.
pu nopae+u+x no+ex cucmev vosca nM suqun opatuyk raptuuy: s *aton cny+ae repsu+uo uapyaaetc
rcuxonoru+ecruu yposeue s ctpyrtype rouunauu pe+u yposeue cnMcna u onee coxpauuMn octaetc
nuursuctu+ecruu yposeue cnouoro equuctsa sMra u pe+u. 3tu oneuMe noryt route sua+euue cuutarcu+e-
crux u rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu, uo ue noryt route nMcne, rotopyk ouu repeqakt. 0repauu (u uasMru)
uusaero ropqra ro pacauposre sua+euuu y nouMx oneuMx ue uapyaaktc, uo, rar nM suaen, uanu+ue
atux uasMros eae ue oecre+usaet ronuoctek rosneuue uutennertyaneuou orepauu, ueoxoqunou qn
ouunauu ooaeuuoro cnMcna.
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.V., 960.-C. 295.
laae onee +en cnenoe rpeqronoeuue o qeertax uutennertyaneuMx orepauu, ocyaectsnkaux
sMcauu cuutes, uarpasneuuMu ua cosqauue uosMx rouurypauu (ronuuauu) ua ase unekauxc
uutennertyaneuMx uasMros u accouauu rar oquoro us nexauusnos, neaaux s ocuose repsu+uoro
uapyaeuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra, ectectseuuo uyqaetc s
qaneueuaen ocnMcneuuu, yto+ueuuu. Xo+y nuae sanetute, +to uaae rpeqronoeuue ue rpotusope+ut nMcnu
. C. 8Mrotcroro o ton, +to ...otuoaeuue orepauu peaeuu saqa+u r apunetu+ecrun uasMran sceeno
cosraqaet c onee oaun otuoaeuuen scrou uutennertyaneuou orepauu ro scrun uasMran, sxoqaun s
ee coctas
1
.
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu V I960.C. 433.
+acs 2. hEhP06hX00|h+E6Khh AhAh3 hAPYUEhhP h 066TAh0EhhP
hA|Ph0-05PA3h0|0 HbUEhhP
lnaea VI. 6hX00|hP 05PA3A h P0E66 003hAhhP 05tEKTA
atou +actu ruuru nM opatunc r uarnquo-opasuMn opnan uutennertyaneuoro rpoecca, s ton +ucne u r
uarnquo-opasuony nManeuuk.
Auanus uctopuu rponenM ponu opasa s rcuxure, u s +actuoctu s pe+u u nManeuuu, rorasMsaet, +to rpu
scen pasuoopasuu roqxoqos s rcuxonoruu ueyrnouuo pactet uutepec uccneqosateneu r rponene opasa. 8
atou cssu C. . Cnupuos rucan: 0pas rar rcuxonoru+ecroe routue uneet onee +en qsaqatu rtuse-
rosyk uctopuk. orMtru ucrnk+ute ero us cuctenM rcuxonoru+ecrux rateropuu, rpeqrpuutMe s ua+ane XX
sera s xoqe autuneu-tanuctcroro yuta, sarou+unuce, ro netrony sMpaeuuk P. Xoneta (1972 r.),
sosspaaeuuen us usruauu u socctauosneuuen opasa s rpaqaucrux rpasax
1
.
Vuorue uccneqosatenu, suose opatusauce r atou rponene, cynenu rorasate, +to opasM sauunakt oquo us
saueuaux nect s oaeu ctpyrtype rcuxuru. 0quaro s cssu co cnouoctek u nuoroopasuen opasos s atou
rponene nuoro octaetc uepeaeuuoro, u rpeqe scero ato otuocutc' *r rcuxonoruu rosuasateneuMx
rpoeccos.
+to racaetc uesponoru+ecrux u ueuporcuxonoru+ecrux uccneqosauuu, to uutepec r rponene opasa u ero
ponu s ruoctu+ecrux u pe+esMx rpoeccax sosuur ue ceroqu, a eae s qaneron rpoanon (|. V. Ce+euos,
Lottmar, K. loneqateuu u qp.). 8aten s atux uccneqosauux, rar u s oaercuxonoru+ecrux, uactyrun craq uu-
tepeca r atou rponene. 8 uactoaee spen cuosa rosunuce paotM s atou onactu.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
8 csoeu teopeturo-arcrepuneutaneuou paote nM opatunuce r rponene opasa u ero ponu s rcuxure
+enosera, ucxoq us cospeneuuMx oaercuxonoru+ecrux rpeqctasneuuu, a tare us rony+euuMx uanu
rnuuuro-rcuxonoru+ecrux qauuMx. 8 atou +actu nM octauosunc ua auanuse pesynetatos uccneqosauu ponu u
necta opasos s pe+esMx u uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccax rpu ux ratonoruu.
1
Cnupuose. . Vup opasos u opas nupa // 8ectuur Vl/.Cepu 14. cuxonoru,1981.N 2.C. 15-16.
8 cospeneuuou rcuxonoruu u pqe cneuMx c ueu uayr s rocnequee qectunetue ycununc uutepec r
uccneqosauuk rpeqnetuoro opasa, ero ponu s rcuxu+ecrou cepe +enosera, s ero uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu, s pe+u, nManeuuu. 0sop nutepatypM rorasMsaet, +to s rcuxonoruu sce eae nano paot,
creuaneuo rocsaeuuMx uccneqosauuk opasuoro nManeuu. 8o nuorux paotax usy+anc opas rar
nMcnuteneua equuua, otne+anuce cxenatu+uocte, equocte, ueyctou+usocte tarux opasos, ux cro-
couocte otpaate nuae cyaectseuuMe +eptM peaneuMx rpeqnetos, coxpaute sauMe u orycrate
stopoctereuuMe rpusuaru rpeqnetos. 8 to e spen s pqe paot tar unu uua+e satparusanuce otqeneuMe
acrertM atou rponenM. C. . Pyuuateuu rucan, +to opas, rar u cnoso, uneet orpeqeneuuyk cenautury u
sMronuet cyaectseuuMe yuruu s nMcnuteneuon rpoecce, rotony +to ou snetc ue sanruytou s cee
qauuoctek cosuauu, a cenautu+ecrun opasosauuen, oosua+akaun rpeqnet... Cenautu+ecroe coqepauue
snetc oaun suaneuatenen qn opasa u cnosa-routu...
1
. A. oteu c+utan, +to opas snetc
artypou cnosa; ro nueuuk |. T. Vuxaunosa, opas cpeqctso artusuoro rosuauu nupa.
8 uccneqosauux 6070-x roqos,u s uactoaee spen rony+euM nuoro+ucneuuMe artM, rotopMe rosopt o
ton, +to nManeuue opasanu rposnetc ue tonero s xyqoectseuuon tsop+ectse, rar ato Mno
rpeqctasneuo s rpoanMx paotax (uarpunep, T. Pu-o, 1901), uo so scex suqax qeteneuoctu +enosera. 8
+actuoctu, Mno rorasauo, +to s rpoecce repepaotru uuopnauu opasuMe u sepa n euo-routu uuMe
ronroueutM nManeuu rpeqctasneuM s equuctse. n cospeneuuMx roueruu nManeuu xapartepuMn
snetc paccnotpeuue opasuoro nManeuu rar oquoro us yposueu nMcneuuou repepaotru u
rpeopasosauu uuopnauu.
la csse pe+u u opasa yrasMsaetc s uccneqosauux A. o-teuu, . C. 8Mrotcroro, C. . Pyuuateuua u qp.
. C. 8Mrotcruu otne+an, +to pe+esoe nManeuue ue uc+eprMsaet uu scex opn nMcnu, uu scex opn pe+u.
8 uactoaee spen rponena opasa sauunaet sce oneaee necto s rcuxonoru+ecrux uccneqosauux. 0quaro
qo cux rop octaktc es orpeqeneuuMx otsetos pq saueuaux sorpocos, tarux, rar: snktc nu opasM
ueotennenou +actek nManeuu, unu ouu astouonuM? 0sateneua nu opasua rpopaotra uuopnauu
qn opnuposauu sua+euu u cnMcna+-unu ouu snktc arynetatusuMn sMpaeuuen sua+euu? | t. q.
+toM sectu qaneueuauu pasrosop o rponene opasa s rcuxure +enosera u ero cssu c uapyaeuunu pe*u.u
uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos rpu ropaeuux nosra ' u s enon o rponene vosca u opasa, ueoxoquno
orpeqenute, +to e taroe opas.
'Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t.V., 1989. T. 1. - C. 371.
8 cuxonoru+ecron cnosape nM +utaen: Dpas cyertusuMu euoneu, sosuurakauu s pesynetate
rpeqnetuo-rpartu+ecrou, ceucopuo-repertusuou, nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu, rpeqctasnkaeu coou
enoctuoe, uuterpaneuoe otpaeuue qeuctsuteneuoctu... 0pasM-rpeqctasneuu sMctyrakt rar sauMu
rpoqyrt opasuoro nManeuu u rar oquo us cpeqcts ero yuruouuposauu
1
.
lauoneauu uutepec rpeqctasnkt uccneqosauu opasa A. l. eouteesa, rotopMu s csoux rocnequux
rynuraux passusan roueruk 0pasa Vupa. 0u copnynuposan pq uqeu, racakauxc rponenM
ctauosneuu opasa s rpoecce qeteneuoctu u socrputu ero rpeqnetuoctu, enoctuoctu u cuctenuoctu,
opasa rar aneneuta enoctuoro 0pasa Vupa u qp. A. l. eouteesMn tare Mno rpeqnoeuo peaeuue (ro
ero cnosan, octpoynuoe peaeuue) rcuxousuonoru+ecrou rponenM. +to taroe opas, ro A. l. eouteesy?
0u paccnatpusaet opas s panrax teopetu+ecrou roueruu cosuauu u qeteneuoctu u c+utaet, +to rpupoqa
opasa ue noet Mte routa uua+e, +en rar ropoqaena rpeqnetuoctek u opnupykaac s rpeqnetuMx
qeuctsux. peqnetuocte uaaux opasos sMctyraet ue rar sneuue stopu+uoe, ue rar rpoqyrt rocneqykaeu
opaotru +ysctseuuMx qauuMx, a rar yuqaneutaneua ocoeuuocte socrputu orpyakaero nupa
+enoseron, artusuo s uen qeuctsykaun.
lnyora rpupoqa rcuxu+ecrux +ysctseuuMx opasos coctout s ux rpeqnetuoctu, s ton, +to ouu ropoqaktc
s rpoeccax qeteneuoctu, rpartu+ecru cssMsakaeu cyerta c sueauun rpeqnetuMn nupon. Kar M uu
ycnounuce atu cssu u peanusykaue ux opnM qeteneuoctu, +ysctseuuMe opasM coxpaukt csok
usua+aneuyk rpeqnetuyk otueceuuocte
2
. 0pas ue ,,cyertuseu", ruaet ou, a sneuue rpeqneta... ue
0pas ronaraet ce s oerte (oertusupyetc".), a ose|m +epes qeteneuocte +enosera, paoty ero
nosra nonacaem ce+ e Dpase*
3
. 8 atux e paotax A. l. eoutees sMqsuraet u sauyk uqek cuctenuoctu
opasa. 0u ruaet: Cyauocte seau ue s seau, a s ton enon, s rotopoe oua srnk+eua u s rotopon ek
sMronuetc uerotopa yuru
4
. oatony u opas sMpucosMsaetc rar ue+to orpeqeneuuoe u enoctuoe
nuae ua uerotopon oue. A. l. eoutees pasnu+aet +ysctseuuMu opas u actpartuMu u c+utaet, +to stopou
,sMae" repsoro. Kpone toro, actpartuMu opas s otnu+ue ot +ysctseuuoro anoqaneu. Voqaneuoctu
|avecmea (rypcus A. l. .) ctpouteneuMx natepuanos" 0pasa (cp.: +ysctseuua traue")
5
, u ouu coctasnkt
ue uaop, a cucteny.
1
cuxonoru+ecruu cnosape / oq peq. 8. 8. asMqosa.V 1983.C. 223.
2
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975.C. 139.
'eoutees A. l. K rcuxonoruu opasa//8ectuur Vl/.Cepu 14. cuxonoru.1986.N 3.C. 73.
4
Tan e.C. 75.
5
Tan e.C. 74.
17Q
Ecnu rpeqnet ato ysen csoucts, to opas, ro A. l. eouteesy, snetc ysnon noqaneuMx oayaeuuu,
rotopMe uerocpeqctseuuo uecyt s cee uuopnauk o peaneuoctu. 0u areutuposan suunauue
uccneqosateneu ua uerpasuneuoctu yrotpeneuu tepnuua roquposauue u rucan, +to roquposauue ato
+to-to ycnosuo repeqauuoe, sqece uet otuoaeuu. oatony ou ocoeuuo roq+eprusan nMcne: CeucopuMe
noqaneuoctu uu s roen cny+ae ue roqupykt peaneuocte. D+u +ec,m ee e cee-
1
. Ctauosneuue opasa
rpoucxoqut s rpoecce socrputu, u ouo rpeqronaraet cosnectuocte csoucts u rpeqneta, u noqaneuocteu.
|n Mno sMqsuuyto ronoeuue o ton, +to rponena socrputu ecte rponena rcuxonoruu opasa nupa.
Ctauosneuue opasa nupa y +enosera ecte ero repexoq sa rpeqenM uerocpeqctseuuo +ysctseuuou
raptuuru". 0pas ue raptuura
2
.
8auMn rpeqctasnetc u ronoeuue A. l. eouteesa o r ton rsasuusnepeuuu, s rotopon otrpMsaetc
+enosery oertusuMu nup. 3to cnMcnosoe rone, cuctena sua+euuu, s rotopMx socrpuuunaetc nup. 0u
rucan, +to rpeqnet socrpuuunaetc +enoseron ue tonero s rpoctpauctseuuMx u speneuuMx otuoaeuux, uo s
ero sua+euuu, t. e. rorqa +enoser socrpuuunaet, craen, +acM, to ou socrpuuunaet ue set, opny u t. q., a
npedvem, |omopeu ecme vace
s
. |neuuo sua+euue opasa sMctyraet, ro A. l. eouteesy, s ra+ectse
rtoro rsasuusnepeuu 0pasa Vupa. |ua+e rosop, s sua+euux, rucan A. l. eoutees,
rpeqctasneua rpeopasosauua u csepuyta s natepuu sMra uqeaneua opna cyaectsosauu rpeqnetuoro
nupa, ero csoucts, csseu u otuoaeuuu...
4
. Koue+uo, +ysctseuuo*rpeqnetua otueceuuocte sua+euuu s
cosuauuu +enosera noet Mte ue rpnou, oua noet peanusosatec ...+epes rar yroquo cnouMe eru
csepuytMx
s uux nMcnuteneuMx orepauu...
5
.
+to e snetc uocutenen rpeqnetuMx sua+euuu, otrpMsakauxc s socrputuu u opase? A. l. eoutees
roq+eprusan, +to rpupoqa sua+euu opasa uaxoqutc ue tonero ue s tene suara, uo u ue s opnaneuMx
suarosMx orepaux, ue s orepaux sua+euu. 0ua so sceu cosoryruoctu +enose+ecrou rparturu...
5
. 0u
c+utan, +to suauu, nManeuue ueotqenunM ot rpoecca opnuposauu +ysctseuuoro opasa, a sxoqt s uero.
3+ave+u+ uecyt ocoyk vep+ocme ato vep+ocme e+,mpucucmev+ex ce+seu cavoco ose|mue+oco vupa.
1
eoutees A. l. cuxonoru opasa // 8ectuur Vl/.Cepu 14. cuxonoru.1979.N 2.C. 12.
2
Tan e.
3
Tan e.C. 5.
4
eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975.
C. 141.
5
Tan e.C. 148.
6
eoutees A. l. cuxonoru opasa. // 8ectuur Vl/,Cepu 14. cuxonoru.1979.N 2.C. 12.
1F
8 ote+ectseuuou rcuxonoruu rocneqosateneuo paspaatMsaetc rpeqctasneuue o cssu sua+euu opasa c
rpoeccon +ysctseuuoro socrputu ...s suqe ocoou qeteneuoctu ro roctpoeuuk opasa ua ocuose
oaectseuuo sMpaotauuou cuctenM ceucopuMx atanouos u uopnatusuMx qeuctsuu
1
, ruaet C. .
Cnupuos, auanusupy uccneqosauu cosetcrux rcuxonoros (A. 8. 8aropoa, A. l. eouteesa, 8. . 8uu+euro).
8. . 8uu+euro opnynupyet ato ronoeuue onee +etro socrputue cneqyet paccnatpusate rar qeuctsue
cyerta, rocpeqctson rotoporo ocyaectsnktc pasnu+uMe suqM rpeopasosauu ctunynos s opas
2
.
Tarun opason, uneuuo cuctena repertusuMx qeuctsuu paccnatpusaetc s ra+ectse cpeqctsa
rpeopasosauu +ysctseuuMx sre+atneuuu s opas. C. . Cnupuos, rpuuuna ato ronoeuue rar
rpuuuruaneuo sauoe, ten ue neuee c+utaet, +to s repeocnMcneuuu sceu rponenaturu socrputu u
opasa eae ue cqenau peaakauu aar. n atoro, ronaraet ou, uaqo rpeoqonete rnasuMu rpeqpaccyqor
ato rpeqpaccyqor o cyaectsosauuu otqeneuoro opasa rar equuuM socrputu, rar canoctoteneuoro
aneneuta, us cosoryruoctu rotopMx crnaqMsaetc uaae rpeqctasneuue o peaneuoctu. 0pas, sstMu sue
routercta, ruaet ou, snetc rcuxonoru+ecru neptsMn opasosauuen...
3
. 0pas noet Mte, ro ero
nueuuk, ue +en uuMn, rar aneneuton 0pasa Vupa. 0u c+utaet, +to opas sauoso ue ctpoutc ua ocuose
artyaneuou ctunynuu, ue sMpaatMsaetc u otuoaeuue r ueny, a uaoopot, u rpeqnetuoe sua+euue, u
nu+uoctuMu cnMcn opasa rpeqaectsykt ero artyaneuony repeusauuk, u sce atu rapanetpM saqauM scen
routercton qeteneuoctu +enosera.
0pas opnupyetc ua ocuose rpeqsaputeneuou rurotesM, ocuosuoe epetc us routerctos ryten
arctparonuu tex unu uuMx noqaneuo oopnneuuMx +ysctseuuMx sre+atneuuu. 8ce ato oecre+usaetc
cuctenou repertusuMx orepauu, rotopMe, s +actuoctu, sMronukt roucr ma|ux duepe+(uane+ex
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
npus+a|oe e spumene+ov none, |omopee noseonunu e spumene+o |o+|pemusupoeame ,e nodpas,veeaeveu
ecev npedvem+ev |o+me|cmov pacve+m eocnpu+uvaevoco vupa
4
. . 1pecc (Fraisse, 1967) tare c+utaet,
+to rurotesa o+eue saua s rpoecce orosuauu u ee otcytctsue cuneuee uapyaaet atot rpoecc, +en
ue+etrocte ctunyna s ortu+ecron rone.
Kar opnupyetc opas, +to neut y ero uctoros? / uctoros
1
Cnupuos C: . Vup opasos u opas nupa // 8ectuur Vl/.Cepu 14. cuxonoru,1981.N 2.C- 21.
8uu+euro 8. . Teopetu+ecrue rponenM socrputu // |ueuepua rcuxonoru / oq peq. A. l. eouteesa.V., 1964.C. 232.
3
Cnupuos C. . Vup opasos u opas nupa // 8ectuur Vl/.-- Cepu 14. cuxonoru.1981.N 2.C. 25.
4
C t o n u u 8. 8. |ccneqosauue ropoqeuu sputeneuoro rpoctpauctseuuoro opasa // 8ocrputue u qeteneuocte / oq peq. A. l.
eouteesa.-- V., 1976,C. 194.
Ifil
opasa neut qeteneuocte, rotopa cnyut ctepuen, rpuqakaun enoctuMu u cuctenuMu xapartep opasy,
0pasy Vupa s enon.
A rar e opas ssaunoqeuctsyet c nosron? | s atou usse+uou rcuxousuonoru+ecrou rponene A. l.
eoutees uaaen octpoynuMu xoq ee peaeuu, ro ero sMpaeuuk usauoe peaeuue. 0u c+utan, +to
opas ue snetc coqepauuen nosrosMx rpoeccos, nosr nuae rposnet peaneuMe oertM, ux csouctsa,
qsueuu u t. q. 8 nosre uet uu tpeyroneuMx, uu -rsaqpatuMx u t. q. rpoeccos, uet uu rapannenusna, uu
usonopusna, suqunoro c nosrosMnu rouctennunu. 0pas ecte yuru, a ue coqepauue nosrosMx
rpoeccos
1
. 3ta opuruuaneua roctauosra A. l. eouteesMn sorpoca o cootuoaeuuu rcuxu+ecroro u
usuonoru+ecroro uerocpeqctseuuo sMteraet us ero roueruu 0pasa Vupa.
o A. l. eouteesy, opas ato ryco+er, noneut oertusuoro nupa, ou ue cyertuseu s ton cnMcne,
+to srnk+euue oprauusnos (cuctenM yuruu ux oprauos) e npedvem+eu vup (s cucteny qucrpetuMx seaeu)
rpusoqut r tony, +to terepe ata cuctena (yuruu oprauusna) uaqenetc otnu+uMn ot uux coqepauuen (a
uneuuo npu+adnea(uv cavov, npedvem+ov, vup,, cuctene ero seaeu). 8 aton cnMcne opas ue
cyertuseu. 0u sneuue rpeqneta
2
. 0u opnupyetc s. qeteneuoctu, ua ocuose rpeqsaputeneuou
rurotesM, rpeqctasneuu, u ocuosua ero cyte, qpo epetc us routercta. le cyaectsyet otqeneuoro opasa,
opas ato aneneut enoctuoro routercta, aneneut opasa nupa, ou sneuue ocnMcneuuoe u sxoqut s
cnMcnosoe rone, s cucteny sua+euuu. lo ata ocnMcneuuocte, sua+euue opasa ue unnaueutuM canony
opasy, ouu otpaakt, rar nM rucanu sMae, oertusuyk peaneuocte, uqeanusuposauuyk s cuctene
sua+euuu. |neuuo sua+euue opasa sMctyraet, ro A. l. eouteesy, s ra+ectse 5-ro rsasuusnepeuu
opasa nupa.
ponena opasa, ero rcuxonoru+ecroe coqepauue, rytu u nexauusnM ero ctauosneuu s nurporeuese, ero
yuruu uac uutepecykt s cssu c rponenou ero uapyaeuu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra. lan xotenoce
sMcuute, cssauM nu uapyaeuu opasa c qeertanu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, sep-aneuo-
noru+ecroro u opasuoro nManeuu.
8 uactoaee spen s ueuporcuxonoruu ycuneuuo paspaatMsaetc rcuxonoru+ecruu acrert uccneqosauu
aasuu u ryteu u netoqos ee rpeoqoneuu (A. P. ypu, . G/ setrosa). 0quou us saqa+ atoro uarpasneuu
snetc usy+euue sosnouou cssu uapyaeuuu pe+u c qeertanu qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos.
'eoutees A. l. K ncxoqionoruecko rponene: |sauoe peaeuue // 8ectuur Vl/.Cepu 14. cuxonoru.1986.- N 3.C. 77.
' eoutees A. l. K rcuxonoruu opasa // 8ectuur Vl/.Cepu 14. cuxonoru.1986.N 3,C. 73.
' 8 +actuoctu, sospactaet suunauue r sorpocan ssaunocssu aa-
\ suu c ruoctu+ecrunu rpoeccanu, s ton +ucne c opasuou cepou u
\ socrputuen. partura ro ueuporcuxonoru+ecrony uccneqosauuk
oneuMx c aasueu u ux peaunutauu tare yrasMsaet ua
\ ueoxoqunocte uccneqosauu atou rponenM. Ten ue neuee, rar
rorasMsaet auanus nutepatypM, arcrepuneutaneuo-rnuuu+ecrux
paot, rocsaeuuMx atou rponene, sce eae rpauue nano.
Veqy ten s oaercuxonoru+ecrux uccneqosauux rponene [ cssu pe+u u rpeqnetuoro opasa Mno
yqeneuo sua+uteneuo oneaue suunauu. Tar, nuorue rcuxonoru- otne+akt uanu+ue qsy-
n ctopouueu cssu neqy opason u pe+ek (6. l. Auauees, . C. 8Mrotcruu, C. . Pyuuateuu, . . 6noucruu,
A. l. eoutees u qp.).
. C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to scroe cnoso uneet repsoua+aneuoe +ysctseuuoe rpeqctasneuue, unu opas, u
poct cnosap peeura rpno cssau c opasosauuen nuoro+ucneuuMx u nuoroopasuMx csseu neqy
opasanu rpeqnetos (oertos, cutyauu) u cnosanu, ux oosua+akaunu. |ccneqosauu A. P. ypuu, 6. l.
Auaueesa, l. . Poseurapt-yrro u qp. tare rorasanu, +to ua pauuux atarax opnuposauu pe+u
sua+uteneua pone rpuuaqneut opasy u rpoecca*? rpeqnetuoro socrputu. / sspocnoro +enosera
ssaunocsse .pe+u u opasos-rpeqctasneuuu tare uneet necto, xot u ue s ctone prou opne. C. . Pyuu-
ateuu c+utan, +to cnoso snetc otpaeuuen rpeqneta u ux csse Porocpeqosaua nuo +epes ooaeuuoe
coqepauue cnosa, +epes | routue, nuo +epes opas. |ssectuM paotM, s rotopMx yrasMsaetc ua
sua+uteneuyk pone opasos s rouunauuu uuoctpauuou | pe+u. Tar, s paote V. l. Kacraposou Mna
arcrepuneutaneuo rorasaua sua+uteneua pone rpeqnetuMx opasos s rouunauuu pe+u ueqoctato+uocte
susyanusauu pe+u, t. e. sosuuruoseuu uyuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, seqet r qeuuty rouunauu pe+u.
l. |. Xuuruu c+utaet, +to rouunauue pe+u rpeqctasnet coou repesoq c uatypaneuoro sMra ua sMr
opasos. VMcne o cssu pe+u c opasanu nM uaxoqun s paotax A. Paivio, P. Kna-ba, G. Miller u qp.
ponena y+actu rpeqnetuMx opasos s tpyrtype u^ yuruouuposauuu sMcaux opn rosuasateneuou
qeteneuoctu usy+anace nuorunu ussectuMnu rcuxonoranu (6. l. Auauees, . C. 8Mrotcruu, E. |. |ruatees, A.
l. eoutees u qp.).
Pq sapyeuMx u ote+ectseuuMx uccneqosateneu paccnatpusakt opasM-rpeqctasneuu rar secena
sua+uteneuMu ronroueut ncex sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos (. C. 6pyuep, A. P. ypu, :C. . Cnupuos,
. C. setrosa).
8auMn snetc u sorpoc o ronunoqaneuoctu opasos. |ssectuo, +to s ctpyrtypy rpeqnetuMx opas'os s
ton unu uuon cootuoaeuuu rpartu+ecru scerqa sxoqt sputeneuMe, oouteneuMe, cnyxosMe, tartuneuMe u
qpyrue coctasnkaue. Xot rpeqnetuMe
n opasM rar ronunoqaneuMe rcuxu+ecrue sneuu paccnatpusanuce ^nuorunu rcuxonoranu (A. l. eoutees,
A. A. Cnupuos, C. . Cnup-
uos, A. P. ypu, G. E. Shwartz u qp.), ato ronoeuue sce eae uyqaetc s qaneueuaen uccneqosauuu.
0coMu uutepec rpeqctasnet qn uac otne+aena s teopetu+ecrux u arcrepuneutaneuMx paotax
sua+uteneua pone rpeqnetuMx opasos s opnuposauuu, rpoterauuu u uapyaeuuu pe+u. 8o scex atux
uccneqosauux rosoputc o ueoxoqunoctu coxpauuoctu rpeqnetuMx opasos qn opnuposauu
ronuoeuuou pe+u u uopnaneuoro ee yuruouuposauu, otne+aetc tecua csse cnosa c +ysctseuuou
ocuosou, ytpata rotopou seqet' nuo r ytepe cnosa, nuo r ucraeuuk rouunauu ero cnMcna u sua+euu. 8ce
ato uapyaaet ronnyuuratusuyk, uonuuatusuyk, uuquratusuyk yuruu pe+u. lan rpeqctasnetc, +to otpMs
suara ot opasos noet rpusectu ue tonero r ratonoruu pe+u, uo u s enon r uapyaeuuk uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu.
0cooe necto otsoqutc uccneqosauuk cssu opasa c oquou us pe+esMx yuruu uonuuatusuou, s ocuose
rotopou neut rpeqnetua otueceuuocte cnosa. Tar, C. . Pyuuateuu rucan, +to cnoso, sMronu yuruk
oosua+euu u uauneuosauu, snetc creuu+ecrun equuctson' +ysctseuuoro u cnMcnosoro coqepauu.
Cnoso suytpeuue cssauo c rpeqneton oauoctek coqepauu. 3ta csse orocpeqosaua routuen unu
opason. lasMsauue rpeqneta snetc oquun us cnoueuaux rpoeccos pe+u. ponena rpupoqM u
nexauusnos uasMsauu s csoe spen sauunana nuorux rpyruMx uccneqosateneu aasuonoros, rcuxonoros,
uesponoros, nuursuctos, tarux, rar |. V. Ce+euos, A. A. oteu, . C. 8Mrotcruu, K. loneqateuu, l. Xaq u qp.
. C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to uonuuatusua yuru ue ecte cenacuonoru+ecra, ocnMcnkaa. Cnoso sqece
sMronuet ,+|(us +ovu+amue+,s, ,|aseeas(,s (rypcus nou.. ). 0uo yrasMsaet ua seae. pyrunu
cnosanu, .cnoso snetc -sqece ue suaron uerotoporo cnMcna, c rotopMn ouo cssauo s arte nManeuu, a
suaron +ysctseuuo qauuou seau
1
. 3to ronoeuue . C. 8M rotcroro snetc sauMn qn rouunauu
rpupoqM uapyaeuu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u y oneuMx c aasueu, qn rouunauu ero cssu (unu ue
cssu) c nManeuuen, r. c. rponenM, auporo ocyqasaeuc s aasuonoruu u rpoqonakaeu Mte
artyaneuou, uo qo cux rop ue rony+usaeu oquosua+uoro peaeuu. 6onee roqpouo ua aton sorpoce nM
octauosunc uue, sqece e nM orpauu+unc nuae yrasauuen ua sauocte rpasuneuoro ero peae uu ue
tonero qn teopuu, uo u qn rpartur*)' peaunutauu oneuMx, ronuoeuuoctu ux usuu u qeteneuoctu.
8 pqe rcuxonoru+ecrux uccneqosauuu rpoecc uasMsauu rpeqneta cssMsaetc c rpoeccon ysuasauu
(orosuauu), ocuosuou coctasnkaeu rotoporo snetc repertusuMu opas. Tar, |. V. Ce+euos rucan, +to
ysuasauue uqet ro pqy rpusuaros rpeqneta (oerta, sneuu), ro ten us uux, rotopMe ye oo-
ppounuce s rpunety. Ta e nMcne sMcrasMsaetc u s cospeneuuMx ote+ectseuuMx u anepuraucrux
uccneqosauux.
|ccneqosatenu sMqenkt uecronero sseuees rpoecca orosuauu. Tar, uerotopMe c+utakt ocuosuMnu
coctasnkaunu atoro rpoecca opnuposauue repertusuoro opasa, cnu+euue ero c cuctenou atanouos
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, xpauauxc s rantu, u sMop us uux toro, rotopMu cootsetctsyet
copnuposauuony repertusuony opasy. 3ta rpyrra uccneqosateneu cyaectseuuoe 'sua+euue rpuqaet
auanusy rpusuaros oerta rpu opnuposauuu ero opasa. poecc uasMsauu uccneqosatenu crnouuM
cssMsate onee scero c sMqeneuuen cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros oerta, xot u yrasMsaetc, +to s oaen-to
uasMsauue snetc pesynetaton cpaatMsauu scex sseuees, uo uerocpeqctseuuo uasMsauue cssauo c
sMqeneuuen xapartepuMx rpusuaros.
Tar, V. C. Lextp ruaet: ...Pesynetat rpoecca cnu+euu ato curuan, s otset ua rotopMu cpaatMsakt
nexauusnM opasosauuMx s rpoanon orMte csseu, uarpunep, csseu neqy xapartepuMnu rpusuaranu
oertos qauuoro rnacca u ux cnosecuMn oosua+euuen
1
.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
8osuuraet sorpoc: a rar rpoucxoqut cano orosuauue (ysuasauue) rpeqnetos, oertos? Vuorue
uccneqosatenu paccnatpusakt rar uauonee sepotuoe cunynetauuoe (oquononeutuoe) orosuauue ctunyna.
+to racaetc nexauusna cunynetauuoro orosuauu, to nM crnouuM rpuqepusatec rurotesM, sMcrasauuou
pqon uccneqosateneu, u rpeqe scero V. C. Lextepon, cornacuo rotopou rpoecc orosuauu uneet pq
ruoctu+ecrux ctaquu. la canou pauueu ctaquu rpoecca ...uneetc rnoaneuoe, eae ue 'rpoauanusuposauuoe
s csoux aneneutax otopaeuue
2
. 8aten uqet atar sMqeneuu aneneutos, coctasnkaux oert, u rocne
atoro uuterpuposauue sMqeneuuMx penesautuMx aneneutos s oquo repertusuoe enoe u ero oeura c
ronoaek atanouos rantu, cnu+euu c opasanu-rpeqctasneuunu. la tpeteeu ctaquu, rar nM suqun, cuosa
uneetc enoctuocte, uo ye onee sMcororo ropqra, rotopa onaqaet uosMn csouctson, rpucyaun sceu
cuctene socrpuutoro, a ue otqeneuMn ee aneneutan.
0quaro autop rpeqocteperaet ot yrpoaeuuoro rouunauu rnoaneuoro opasa. 0u c+utaet, +to enoctuMe
opasM-atanouM, sosuurakaue ua pauueu ctaquu orosuauu,'noryt oxsatMsate pq nusrux ctunynos
(oertos, sneuuu, rpeqnetos) u s aton cnMcne unete orpeqeneuuyk ooaeuuocte, ee auporuu quarasou
rossonet orosuasate rnacc ctunynos, unekaux nusrue ooaeuuMe opasM.
A rar e octout qeno c rpusuaranu oertos, rarosM ux necto u pone s orosuasateneuon rpoecce?
pusuaru snktc natepuanon, ua rotopon ctpotc uuterpaneuMe equuuM socrpu-
s rock . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2.C. 166.
1
Lextep V. C. 8puteneuoe orosuauue.V., 1981.C. 42.
2
Tan e.C. 15.
tu, snukaue ua to+uocte, cropocte u ronuoty otopaeuu. poecc e orosuauu cosepaaetc ua ocuose
ue pqa rpusuaros, a cnutuoro, uepasnaraenoro ua aneneutM coqepauu, t. o. ua ocuose uuterpaneuoro
opasa rpuuunaetc peaeuue o rateropuaneuou rpuuaqneuoctu oerta. Can rpoecc cnu+euu rpoxoqut
+epes pq ruoctu+ecrux ctaquu, ua+uuakauuc c rurotesM o oerte, +epes rpunueuuoe sua+euue o uen r
yqosnetsoputeneuony ryten ysenu+euu sepotuoctu rurotesM u ee rourpetusauu.
8auo yrasate ua to, +to aertusuocte u ctereue qoctosepuoctu orosuasateneuoro rpoecca sasuct ot
pqa ycnosuu ero rpoterauu. K tarun ycnosun otuoctc artusuocte cyerta, yposeue equuu socrputu u
uarpasneuuocte cyerta ua te unu uuMe opnM socrputu (auanutu+ecrue unu cuutetu+ecrue), routpone sa
pesynetaton. 0+ue+ue a|mue+ocmu u vounusoea++ocmu c,se|ma cpas, c|aseeaemc+ +a mov+ocmu u
c|opocmu eocnpu+mu+ u onos+a+u+. 3to ronoeuue V. C. Lextepa rony+uno roqtsepqeuue s uaaen
natepuane rpu uccnedoea+uu +ap,ae+uu opasoe-npedcmaene+uu npu nopae+uu no+ex cucmev
vosca.
laa uutepec r roueruu ote+ectseuuMx uccneqosateneu o orosuauuu oerta, o opnuposauuu
repertusuoro opasa, ero snuuuu ua rpoecc cnu+euu c opasanu-rpeqctasneuunu, o ponu rnoaneuoro
opasa u otqeneuMx rpusuaros oerta rpu ero orosuauuu cssau c ten, +to uneuuo ata roueru ocuet
tot rnuuu+ecruu u arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan, rotopMu uneetc s uaaen pacropeuuu. +acte natepuana
orucaua sMae, r orucauuk qpyrou nM ceu+ac rpuctyrun.
laau uccneqosauu uapyaeuu rpeqnetuMx opasos rpu aa suu u sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu, c
oquou ctopouM, uaxoqt csoe teopetu+ecroe ocueuue uneuuo s atou roueruu, .a c qpyrou
roqtsepqakt ee rcuxonoru+ecryk peaneuocte.
lue repeuqen r orucauuk uaaero uccneqosauu ponu u nect;! opasa s ctpyrtype uapyaeuuou
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u ua+uen c orucauu uapyaeuu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u, sosuurakaero
rpu aasuu, rocronery'rpu-usy+euuu uneuuo aasuu sot ye onee +en ronytopa seros seqetc qucryccu o
ctpyrtype, nexauusnax u rpupoqe uapyaeuu uasMsauu. Vueuu aasuonoros o rpu+uuax uapyaeuu
uasMsauu rpotusope+usM: oquu s ra+ectse rpu+uuM yrasMsakt ratonoruk nManeuu, qpyruerotepk
nuursuctu+ecroro roqa sMran VM e sMqsuuynu rpeqronoeuue o cssu uapyaeuu rpoecca uasMsauu rpu
ropa euux cpeque-suco+uou u saque-suco+uMx, suco+uo-teneuuMx, nepeque-iasnouusx sou nosra c
qeertanu qpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu.
lnaea VII. hAPYUEhhE h 066TAh0EhhE
PEHETh0|0 05PA3A Ph 0PAAEhhh h60+hbX h 3AhE-h60+h0-TEHEhhbX 0TE0
H03|A
I. P05EHA h HET0hKA h66E0AhhP
lasMsauue rpeqneta snetc oquun us cnoueuaux rpoeccos pe+u. 3ta rponena s csoe spen rpusnerna
suunauue nuorux rpyrueuaux usuonoros u nuursuctos, rcuxonoros u uesponoros, tarux, rar |. V. Ce+euos, A.
A. oteu, . C. 8Mrotcruu, K- loneqateuu, l. Xaq u qp. 8orpoc o nexauusnax u rpupoqe uapyaeuu
uasMsauu rpuopen ocoyk octpoty s ratonoruu, rpeqe scero s cny+ax uapyaeuu uonuuatusuou yuruu
pe+u rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra. Vuorue qectunetu ou peaanc s ueocnaesakaeu qucryccuouuou
opee.
PasuMe onactu suauu usy+akt rpoecc uasMsauu rpeqnetos s pasuMx acrertax. lac uutepecykt rpupoqa u
nexauusnM rpoecca artyanusauu cnosa-uauneuosauu. VM cqenanu rorMtry roqoutu r atou rponene co
ctopouM ratonoruu rpoecca uasMsauu, ucronesy c atou enek ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu netoq uccneqosauu.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to, usy+a pacraq uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u, nM noen route uutunuyk ctopouy
rpoecca uasMsauu, oM+uo crpMtyk ot rnas uccneqosaten, u ten canMn rorMtatec uautu otset ua sorpoc
o rpupoqe u nexauusnax uapyaeuu uasMsauu, roqtsepqute unu otsepruyte rurotesy o cssu uasMsauu u
ero uapyaeuu c uutennertyaneuou cepou +enosera. Tarou uutunuou ctopouou pe+u snetc ee
royposuesoe ctpoeuue, c oquou ctopouM, u ssaunoqeuctsue pe+u c qpyrunu rcuxu+ecrunu rpoeccanu c
qpyrou.
poecc uasMsauu ro csoun nexauusnan otnu+aetc ot rpoecca ropoqeuu pasM: repeq cyerton
ctot pasuMe pe+esMe saqa+u, rotony u nexauusnM ux sMronueuu tare pasuMe. poecc roucra u
uaxoqeuu +,+oco cnoea npu nopode+uu pa-se rpoecc stopu+uMu, roq+uueuuMu ocuosuony rpoeccy
rporpannuposauu sMcrasMsauu, rpannatu+ecrony ctpyrtypuposauuk, a tare u ruuetu+ecrou oprauusauu
pe+esoro arta; sauoe necto s ctpateruu roucra cnosa sauunakt u routerctuMe cssu cnosa. 8Mop uyuoro
cnosa rpoucxoqut sqece ua ocuose cyrec-cusuMx cuutesos, cuutarnatu+ecrux csseu.
Korqa e cyert rpousuocut cnoso-uauneuosauue, to sep-aneuo-pasosoro routercta, rar rpasuno, uet,
cyerton rpousuocutc nuae oquo cnoso. laxoqeuue +,+oco cnoea-+auve+o-
ea+u+ rpoteraet s aton cny+ae, rar eeop cnoea us p+da dp,cux cnoe, ue cssauuMx rpannatu+ecru u
cuutarcu+ecru, uo, ro sceu sepotuoctu, oequueuuMx ua ocuose cenautu+ecrux csseu. poecc sMopa
sqece sMctyraet rar repsu+uMu rpoecc, u rpoteraet ou ye ua ocuose cunynetauuMx cuutesos, t. e. rorqa
cnosa scrnMsakt ue rocneqosateneuo, sMctpausace s ero+ry, rar s repson cny+ae, a oquospeneuuo. |s
scrnMsaeu s cosuauuu enou rpyrrM cnos uyuo sMpate oquo cnoso, u rpoecc sMopa cnosa qn
peanusauu rpoecca uasMsauu s aton cny+ae rpoteraet suytpu rapaqurnatu+ecrux csseu pe+u.
Karos nexauusn scrnMsauu uyuoro cnosa? Ecte nu y uero suytpeuuuu sepaneuMu routerct, u ecnu ou
uneetc, to s rarou cssu uaxoqtc cnoso u routerct? Tonero nu ua yposue pe+u rpoucxoqut poqeuue
artyanusau cnosa-uauneuosauu unu uneetc ero csse c qpyrunu, s +actuoctu, ruoctu+ecrunu rpoeccanu?
Karosa ctpateru roucra cnosa? 8ot tot qanero ue ronuMu rpyr sorpocos, scruu pas sosuurakauu s cssu c
rponenou uasMsauu.
8aqa+anu oquou us arcrepuneutaneuMx paot astopa u sunuce: auanus csseu rpeqnetuo otueceuuoro cnosa
c qpyrunu cnosanu, auanus ssaunoqeuctsu pe+esou qeteneuoctu c ruoctu+ecrunu rpoeccanu, auanus
ctpateruu roucra.-
0erton uccneqosauu nM cqenanu av+ecmuvec|,s aasus, uepeqro sctpe+akaykc s rnuuure o+arosMx
saonesauuu rpu ropaeuuu onactu, srnk+akaeu s ce saqukk +acte uuuesuco+uou souM u saque-
suco+uo-teneuuyk onacte ropM nesoro ronyaapu. eutpaneuMn cunrtonon atou opnM aasuu snetc
uapyaeuue artyanusauu cnosa-uauneuosauu. 3to uapyaeuue pe+u sosuuraet rpu ropaeuux saquux
suco+uo-teneu-uMx otqenos nosra, rotopMe s ocuosuo.n oecre+usakt- eeop cnoe s rpoecce ropoqeuu
pe+u, s otnu+ue ot repequux otqenos nosra (saque-nouMx), oecre+usakaux cyreccusuyk oprauusauk
pe+esoro arta, cosqauue sanMcna u rporpannuposauue yctuoro sMcrasMsauu {A. P. ypu).
Cuuqpon anuectu+ecrou aasuu xapartepusyetc ten, +to uapyaeuue uasMsauu rpeqnetos, rar rpasuno,
rpoteraet ua oue otuocuteneuo coxpauuMx qpyrux suqos pe+u yctuou (unrpeccus-uou u arcrpeccusuou) u
ruceneuuou (+teuu u rucena).
|neuuo ata usonuposauuocte oquoro cunrtona pe+esoro uapyaeuu ot qpyrux pe+esMx qeertos u sMssana y
nuorux uccneqosateneu uutepec r atou opne ratonoruu pe+u.
Knuuu+ecra raptuua anuectu+ecrou aasuu Mna orucaua eae s XIX ctonetuu, ek sauunanuce nuorue
3

rpyrueuaue uesponoru u rcuxonoru (8epuure, uxtreun, Xaq, loneqateuu u qp.), roctasusaue pq sorpocos,
rotopMe ocyqaktc qo uactoaero speneuu. lnasuMn sorpocon, uutepecosasaun scex uccneqosateneu,
snetc sorpoc o rpupoqe u nexauusnax uapyaeuu uasMsauu rpu amnesia verbalis. VM tare octauosunc
ua aton cropuon
sorpoce o rpupoqe u nexauusnax repsu+uMx uapyaeuuu uasMsauu rpu anuectu+ecrou u arycturo-
nuectu+ecrou aasux.
Kpyrueuaue uesponoru XIX ctonetu rpu ocueuuu rpupoqM anuectu+ecrou aasuu u nexauusnos
uapyaeuu uasMsauu ctonu ua rosuux ysroro noranusauouusna, c oquou ctopouM, u acco-uouusna c
qpyrou. Tar, 8epuure, uxtreun, Kyccnayne u qp. c+utanu anuectu+ecryk aasuk cneqctsuen uapyaeuu
csseu neqy eutpanu notopuMx u ceucopuMx opasos cnosa u eutpon routuu, a Kneuct u Xeuaeu
ronaranu, +to uapyaeuue uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u ecte pesynetat pacraqa eutpa rantu cnos.
|ccneqosatenu onee rosquero repuoqa (repsou +etseptu XX sera) roqxoqunu r tpartosre anuectu+ecrou
aasuu c rosuuu reatanetrcuxonoruu u paccnatpusanu ee rar cneqctsue uapyaeuu rateropuaneuoro
nManeuu; uneuuo roatony, ro ux nueuuk, y oneuMx c anuectu+ecrou aasueu uapyaaetc orepuposauue
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
co cnoson rar c cunsonon.
lauonee pacrpoctpaueuuou s csoe spen Mna teopu K. loneq-ateuua, rotopMu otuocun rpoecc
uasMsauu, s otnu+ue ot pasosou pe+u, r actpartuony suqy qeteneuoctu. 0u rucan, +to y oneuMx
...cnosa repectakt Mte actpartuMnu cunsonanu uqeu, ytpa+usaetc actpartua yctauosra, u qanee:
VM rpuanu r sarnk+euuk, +to tpyquoctu uaxoqeuu cnos y atoro tura oneuMx ecte tonero sMpaeuue
uapyaeuu actpartuoro
1
. 0u c+utan, +to uapyaeuu s uasMsauuu rpeqnetos (oertos, sneuuu) y oneuMx
c anuectu+ecrou aasueu snktc cneqctsuen naccusuoro pacctpouctsa nManeuu, sMpaeuuen
uapyaeuu actpartuoro nManeuu u qae nu+uoctu oneuoro s enon. K. loneqateuu c+utan, +to rcuxura
atux oneuMx uucxoqut ua onee uusruu yposeue, a ux nManeuue ctauosutc rourpetuMn, ouo nuaaetc
ratero-puaneuoctu. *
osuu ote+ectseuuMx uccneqosateneu s aton sorpoce rpotusoronoua ssrnqan K. loneqateuua. Tar, . C.
8Mrotcruu ronaran, +to y atux oneuMx cropee uapyaeu ryte ot actpartuoro r rourpetuony, +en uaoopot.
|ccneqosauu A. P. ypuu
2
rorasanu, +to qe'ertM uasMsauu snktc cneqctsuen uapyaeuu
usupamene+ocmu e cucmeve eepane+ex ce+seu. A. P. ypu rucan, +to y oneuoro rpu saqa+e uassate
qauuMu rpeqnet (sneuue, oert) scrnMsaet oquospeneuuo uecronero anetepuatus, rotopMe ctauostc
pasuosepotuMnu; uapyaeuue sMopa cnos us uecronerux, scrnMsaux s cosuauuu oneuoro A. P. ypu u
c+utan ocuosuMn nexauusnon uapyaeuu uasMsauu rpu anuectu+ecrou aasuu.
8. V. Korau sMsoqut anuectu+ecrue pacctpouctsa us qesopra-
'Goldstein K. Language and Language disorders.N. Y., 1948.P. 258.
2
Cn.: ypu A. P. 8Mcaue roprosMe yuruu +enosera.V., 1969.
uusauu csseu suytpu pe+esou cuctenM. 3ta qesoprauusau, ro ero nueuuk, sosuuraet rpu satpyqueuux
nuo s onactu cnosecuo-uarnquMx rpeqctasneuuu, nuo s onactu sua+euuu cnosa. 0cuosuMn nexauusnon
uapyaeuu uasMsauu 8. V. Korau c+utaet ectryk uarpasneuuocte oneuoro ua oquu tur csseu c
rpeqneton, ueyneuue repernk+utec c oquoro crocoa roucra ua qpyrou.
E. . Vaprosa, uccneqy rnuuury u ratousuonoruk uapyaeuu uasMsauu rpu anuectu+ecrou aasuu,
ouapyuna, +to s ocuose atoro qeerta neut uapyaeuue neauanusatopuMx csseu, tar rar, ro ee nueuuk,
tpyquoctu s uasMsauuu sosuurakt rpu roqa+e curuana rar +epes cnyxosou, tar u sputeneuMu u tartuneuMu
auanusatopM.
Tarun opason, s rpotusoronouocte K. loneqateuuy nuorue uccneqosatenu suqt rpu+uuy uapyaeuu
uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u rpu anuectu+ecrou aasuu s ratonoruu pe+esou cepM, a ue actpartuou
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
pu orucauuu rourpetuMx nexauusnos uapyaeuu rpoecca uasMsauu uccneqosatenu tare ctot ua pasuMx
to+rax speuu: oquu us uux yrasMsakt ua csse uapyaeuu uasMsauu c sputeneuMn rpeqnetuMn ruosucon,
qpyrue sMsoqt uapyaeuu uasMsauu us qeertos rantu ua cnosa, tpeteu us cuueuu actpartuoro
nManeuu u t. q.
o nueuuk C. l. asuqeurosa
1
, rpu ortu+ecrou anuectu+ecrou aasuu sputeneuoro sosyqeuu
orasMsaetc ueqoctato+uo qn rosneuu cnosecuoro opasa. Lennep uankqan uapyaeuue sputeneuMx
rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu y orucMsaenMx oneuMx.
A. P. ypu
2
yrasMsaet ua uapyaeuue csseu sputeneuoro opasa u cnosecuMx oosua+euuu rar ua sosnouMu
nexauusn uapyaeuu uasMsauu rpu anuectu+ecrou u arycturo-nuectu+ecrou .aasuu.
B. V. Korau^, uaoopot, otpuaet csse uapyaeuu uasMsauu rpeqnetos c ruoctu+ecrunu rpoeccanu. E. .
Kor
4
otuocut uapyaeuue uasMsauu rpeqnetos r sneuun stopu+uoro ropqra ro otuoaeuuk r rpeqnetuony
ruosucy; uo s to e spen scneq sa K. loneqateuuon oua rpoqonaet c+utate, +to s ocuose pacctpouctsa
actpartuoctu ro otuoaeuuk r rarony-nuo oerty neut usupateneuoe uapyaeuue r.uosuca.
|s secena rpatroro auanusa roqxoqos pasuMx uccneqosateneu r rponene rpupoqM u nexauusnos uapyaeuu
uasMsauu suquo, uacronero cnoua ata rponena u +to qo cux rop octaetc nuoro otrpMtMx sorpocos.
Kourpetuou saqa+eu uaaero arcrepuneutaneuoro uccneqosauuu sunc eonpoc o npupode u vexa+us-
' Cn.: asuqeuros C. l. VatepuanM r y+euuk o aasuu. Cunrtonatonoru pacctpoucts arcrpeccusuou pe+u//8arucru Xaperoscroro yu-
ta.1915.
Cn.: ypuu A. P. 8Mcaue roprosMe yuruu +enosera.V., 1969.
3
Cn.: Korau 8. V. 8occtauosneuue pe+u rpu aasuu.V., 1962.
4
Cn.: Kor E. . 8puteneuMe aruosuu.., 1967.
a vax +ap,ae+u+ a|m,anusa(uu cnoea-+auve+oea+u+ npu av+ecmu-u'vec|ou aasuu. enek uccneqosauu
sunoce usy+euue s
1
sorpoca o uanu+uu unu otcytctsuu, cssu npo(ecca +ap,ae+u+ I +aseea+u+ c +ap,ae+uev
+acn+d+o-opas+oco veane+u+.
peqe +en copnynuposate pao+yk rurotesy, nM opatunuce r nutepatype uutepecykaero uac
sorpoca. Cua+ana nM I rorMtanuce ycuute rcuxonoru+ecryk ctpyrtypy rpoecca uasM-I sauuu.
/+euMe sMqenkt s rpoecce orosuauu uecronero sseuees.
1
Tar, 6. 1. onos c+utaet ocuosuMnu
coctasnkaunu atoro rpoecca opnuposauue repertusuoro opasa, cnu+euue atoro opasa c cuctenou
atanouos, xpauaeuc s rantu, u sMop us uux roro, rotopMu cootsetctsyet opasy; 8. 1. Pyaxuu
rpuqaet cy-| aectseuuoe sua+euue auanusy rpusuaros oerta rpu opnuposa-I uuu ero opasa s rpoecce
socrputu. poecc uasMsauu ata I rpyrra uccneqosateneu crnouua onee scero cssMsate c eedene-I
+uev c,(ecmee++ex npus+a|oe ose|ma, xot ouu yrasMsakt, +to s . enon uasMsauue snetc
pesynetaton cpaatMsauu scex sseuees, uo uerocpeqctseuuo uasMsauue cssauo c sMqeneuuen
xapartepuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta.
|tar, cnoso uneet +ysctseuuyk ocuosy, a npo(ecc +aseea+u+ I ce+sa+ c npo(eccov onos+a+u+, 'u npede
ececo c eedene+uev xapa|mep+ex npus+a|oe ose|ma. 0osua+akaee cnoso sMqenet s oerte (sneuuu)
cyaectseuuoe, ooaaet ero u ten canMn I ssoqut sneuue (oert) s cucteny. Kar e sce ato rposnetc [
rpu uapyaeuuu pe+u? 8 nutepatype ro aasuu scenu astopanu ot-| ne+aetc xapartepua ocoeuuocte
anuectu+ecrou aasuu, sarnk-I +akaac s ton, +to oneuMe satpyquktc rpeqe scero s ua-r xoqeuuu tex
cnos, rotopMe oosua+akt npedveme. Cnosa e, | oosua+akaue rpusuaru, ra+ectsa, rpeqnetos,
artyanusupyktc | sua+uteneuo ner+e. 0 a*ron csuqetenectsyet u uaaa coctseuua | rpartura.
utepatypuMe qauuMe yrasMsakt ua eae oquo cyaectseuuoe I octotenectso: ua uanu+ue mo+|ux dee|moe
npedvem+oco onmuve-(p|oco c+osuca, uepeqro unekaux necto s cuuqpone anuectu+ecrou W aasuu. la -
rparture nM uepeqro sctpe+anuce c roqouoro poqa I cunrtonanu, corposoqakaunu anuectu+ecryk
aasuk.
| uaroue, auatono-noponoru+ecrue qauuMe csuqetenectsykt f o uanu+uu csseu saque-suco+uMx, uuue-
reneuuMx otqenos ropM 8 nosra c satMno+uMnu otqenanu.
8ce ato qaet ocuosauue roctasute sorpoc: cssau nu qeert artyanusauu rpeqnetuo otueceuuoro cnosa c
uapyaeuunu +ys-1 ctseuuoro yposu pe+u u opnuposauu rpeqnetuMx opasos? r 8 cssu c atou oaeu
saqa+eu uccneqosauu uanu Mn copnynu-V posau u pq rourpetuMx s <r
:
q a +.
1. |ccneqosate, uapyaaetc nu opnuposauue repertusuoro | opasa s rpoecce socrputu oneuMnu
rourpetuMx rpeqnetos n (oertos, sneuuu u t. q.) u ux usopaeuuu, unu uapyaaetc
opas-rpeqctasneuue, xpauauuc s qonrospeneuuou opasuou rantu?
2. lapyaaetc nu pe+esa oprauusau sputeneuou reperuu u opnuposauue opasos-rpeqctasneuuu unu
coctseuuo ruoctu+ecruu rpoecc?
3. lapyaaetc nu rpoecc orosuauu rpeqneta u s raron us sseuees s ctpyrtype atoro rpoecca?
0tsetM ua atu sorpocM rpunust uac u r rouunauuk rpupoqM u nexauusnos uapyaeuu uasMsauu: ouo
uapyautc rar uonuuatusua yuru pe+u unu rar oquu us suqos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu?
VM rpeqronounu, +to rpu anuectu+ecrou u arycturo-nuectu-+ecrou aasuu uapyaaetc ruosuc, sputeneuo-
rpeqnetuMu opas-rpeqctasneuue, +to satpyquet orosuauue rpeqneta, rotopoe neut s ocuose
artyanusauu uyuoro cnosa.
8 sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra, ot opnM aasuu uapyaaktc pasuMe yposuu orosuauu. pu
uccneqyenMx opnax aasuu ctpaqaet sM+neueuue cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta (oerta, sneuu) u
orosuauue rpoucxoqut ua yposue rnoaneuoro, enoctuoro opasa.
8 cny+ae ecnu uapyaaetc sseuo sMopa xapartepuMx orosuasateneuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta (oerta,
sneuu), to ctpaqaet rpoecc usupateneuoctu, cenertusuoctu rpu sMope uyuoro cnosa.
n rposepru rurotesM nM rposenu arcrepuneut, rotopMu cocton us qsyx +acteu. 8 I +actu nM uccneqosanu
crocouocte oneuMx r sMqeneuuk cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros: a) enoro |nacca oertos u 6} omdene+ex
oertos rnacca rpu ycnosuu ux sputeneuoro socrputu unu sputeneuoro rpeqctasneuu.
C atou enek Mnu ucronesosauM qsa netoqa vemod pucoea+u+ npedvemoe u vemod |naccuu|a(uu-
cmunusoea++ex |apmu+o| (usopaas(ux ueom+ex). lac uutepecosan sorpoc: a) uapyaeuo nu y oneuMx
sMqeneuue xapartepuMx rpusuaros otqeneuMx oertos u ) ecnu uapyaeuo, to rarux ooaeuuMx, xapar-
tepuMx qn enoro rnacca oertos un^ +actuMx, xapartepuMx qn otqeneuMx oertos rnacca?
8 I +actu Mno rposeqeuo +etMpe cepuu orMtos c ucronesosauuen netoqa pucosauu. *
1. Pucosauue rourpetuoro rpeqneta ro cnosy-uauneuosauuk qauuoro rpeqneta.
2. opucosMsauue +acteu uassauuoro rpeqneta qo ero enoro usopaeuu. 8 uaaux orMtax tpeosanoce
qopucosate retyxa, rypuy, Mrneura. 6oneuony qasanc cxenatu+ecruu pucyuor ronosM u tynosuaa
(+actu, oaue y Mrnura, retyxa u rypuM). opucosMsauue artu+ecru sMnusanoce s sM+neueuue u arty-
anusauk ua yposue opasos-rpeqctasneuuu tex rpusuaros. rotopMe snktc xapartepuMnu qn
Mrneura, retyxa u rypuM.
3. opucosMsauue qauuMx aneneutos qo nkoro oerta enoro rnacca, uassauue rotoporo (rnacca)
qasanoce. 6oneuony s uuctpyruu rosopunoce, +to uaqo qopucosate qo nkoro rpeqctasuten osoaeu
(pyrtos, neenu).
4. | uaroue, s cneqykaeu cepuu rposepre roqsepranoce uanu+ue y oneuoro sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx
opasos u sosnouocte ux artyanusauu rpu qopucosMsauuu qauuoro actpartuoro aneneuta qo nkoro
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
rourpetuoro rpeqneta.
6Mno uccneqosauo 20 oneuMx c anuectu+ecrou u arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu, 20 sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx
u 25 qeteu qoaroneuoro u nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta.
2. lAP/LEl|E PEVETlbX 06PA808 / 60blbX
6 AKY6ThK0-HhE6Th+E6K0h h AHhE6Th+E6K0h A4A3hEh
PesynetatM orMtos rorasanu, +to s pucyurax y scex oneuMx, s otnu+ue ot sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx,
usopaeuue rpeqnetos orasanoce uerpasuneuMn ro rpu+uue uapyaeuu crocouoctu sMqente
otnu+uteneuMe orosuasateneuMe rpusuaru rpeqnetos. Ka+ectseuuMu auanus oauor I cepuu orMtos yrasan
ua qeertuocte sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos y oneuMx: 8 oneuMx us 14 ue socrpoussoqunu s pucyurax
xapartepuMx rpusuaros rourpetuMx rpeqnetos. 3tu otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru otqeneuoro rpeqneta uepeqro
saneaanuce rpusuaranu, rpucyaunu enony rnaccy rpeqnetos. larpunep, sa nuorunu oneuMnu
pucosanc c ropotrunu yaanu u qnuuuMn xsocton, rypuM c 4 naranu u t. q. (puc. 12). 8topa rpyrra
oauor rpeqctasnna coou ucraeuue pucyura qo ueysuasaenoctu. | uaroue, uecronero oneuMx (3 +en.)
otrasanuce ot sMronueuu saqauu, notusupy csou otras ten, +to un uu+ero ue rpuxoqut s ronosy.^0quu
oneuou crasan, +to ou ue suqut toro, +to uyuo pucosate.
8o II cepuu orMtos" (qopucosMsauue qauuMx aneneutos qo rypuM, retyxa, Mrneura) tare Mno ouapyeuo
nuoro oauor. 8Mronueuue qauuoro saqauu tpeyet ot oneuMx artyanusauu tourux otnu+uteneuMx
rpusuaros cxoquMx oertos, t. e. sqece qoneu, rpoucxoqute touruu quepeuuposauuMu auanus ua
yposue sputeneuMx opasos oertos, sosuurakaux ro cnosy-uauneuosauuk. Auanus natepuana rorasan, +to
ocuosua oaura s pucyurax ato qeertM socrpousseqeuu tourux otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros oerta unu
ux otcytctsue. 8 pucyurax rpoucxoqut rar M ypasuusauue otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros oertos. Vouo ynate
ua ocuosauuu atux orMtos, +to cnoso-uauneuosauue rourpetuoro rpeqneta artyanusupyet ue
cootsetctsykauu rourpetuMu ronuoeuuMu opas rpeqneta, a nuae ooaeuuMu rnoaneuMu pas enoro
rnacca cxoquMx rpeqnetos.
8ato s III cepuu orMtos, rqe oneuMn qasanuce uapucosauuMe parneutM otqeneuMx osoaeu u tpeosanoce
qopucosate ux o nkoro osoaa, a cnoso-uauneuosauue ue rpousuocunoce, a
7
8ara, us 193

Puc. 12. Pucyuru sspocnMx oneuMx c ropaeuuen saque-suco+uMx, repeque-satMno+uMx otqenos u cpequeu suco+uou ussunuuM
nesoro ronyaapu
nosra.
rpousuocunoce oquo ooaeuuoe cnoso (neene, pyrtM, osoau), oosua+akaee rnacc (rpyrry) oquopoquMx
rpeqnetos, oneauuctso oneuMx crpasunoce c saqauuen: ouu rpasuneuo qopucosMsanu orype, raptoene,
pequc, nyr, noprose, a tare rpeqnetM us rnacca neene u us qpyrux +actotuMx rpyrr rpeqnetos.
8 rocnequeu, IV cepuu, rqe ot oneuMx tpeosanoce qopucosate qauuMu actpartuMu parneut qo nkoro
rourpetuoro rpeqneta (oerta, sneuu), ouapyunace vpeseevau+a+ ed+ocme spumene+ex npedvem+ex
npedcmaene+uu. 6oneuMe uepeqro opaaanuce r cpucosMsauuk: ouu rMtanuce qopucosate qauuMu parneut
qo rpeqneta, rotopMu ouu ysuqenu s ronuate, t. e. ouu ronesosanuce oneae sputeneuMn socrputuen, +en
sputeneuMn opason {cp. puc. 13, 14).
oqseqen utoru atou +actu arcrepuneuta. cuxonoru+ecru orMtM roctpoeuM ro rpuuury roctereuuoro
yrpoaeuu ycnosuu orMta, +to qocturaetc qsyn rytnu: 1) saneuou cnosa-ctunyna, oosua+akaero
rourpetuMu rpeqnet (rourpetuoe cnoso), ooaeuuMn cnoson-ctunynon, oosua+akaun cenautu+ecryk
rpyrry (rnaccM) rpeqnetos; 2) sMueceuuen sosue otqeneuMx aneneutos rpeqneta (s suqe pucyura pasuoro
coqepauu): a) oaux, rnoaneuMx rpusuaros, unekauxc y enoro rnacca rpeqnetos, u ) creuu+ecrux
rpusuaros rourpetuoro rpeqneta.
0rMtM I cepuu rorasanu, +to |o+|pem+oe cnoeo npa|muvec|u +e eeseeaem opasoe (unu ue crococtsyet ux
artyanusauu). 3to rposnetc: 1) s otrase ot pucosauu ro cnosy (uu+ero ue rpuxoqut s ronosy); 2) s
uauneuosauuu pucyura nocne, a ue do (unu so spen) pucosauu {mo 3e puc,eme? le suak, sot uapucyk u
cray); 3) s ucraeuuMx pucyurax (reutaspM u qp-) u s pucyurax, s rotopMx uet otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros
(rnoaneuMu opas) rourpetuoro rpeqneta.
194

0V


oruo
8AlA8ECKA

+ACb F|K F |CEV ^ lP|1EblAF 0CKA
Puc. 13. opucosMsauue saqauuoro parneuta qo nkoro rpeqneta oneuMnu c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou r anuectu+ecrou aasueu.




Puc. 14. opucosMsauue saqauuoro parneuta qo nkoro rpeqneta sspocnMnu
sqoposMnu ucrMtyenMnu.
8 cneqykaeu cepuu orMtos oneuMn yrpoctunu saqa+y: cnoso-ctunyn {rourpetuoe uauneuosauue rypua,
retyx, Mrneuor) Mno octasneuo, uo s ra+ectse oropM qoronuuteneuo Mn qau pucyuor, otopaakauu
o(ee atux tpex oertos. 6oneuMn ueoxoquno Mno ye ro cnosy u ro ooaeuuony pucyury artya-
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
nusuposate rourpetuMe opasM.
8qece ouapyusanoce, +to s ycnosux, rorqa qauo rourpetuoe cnoso-uauneuosauue u ooaeuuMu aneneut
pucyura, y oneuMx artyanusupyktc ue cnMcnoopasykaue u cnMcnopasnu+u-teneuMe rpusuaru oertos, a
rnoaneuMu opas (ue retyxa u ue rypuM u t.' q., a uerou cpequeu rypuM).
8 III cepuu orMtos saqa+a Mna eae onee yrpoaeua: oneuMn rpeqnaranoce usopasute rpeqnet ryten
qopucosMsauu +actu qo enoro, rpu+en cnoso-ctunyn otpaano |nacc oertos, a ue rourpetuMu rpeqnet
(oert). 3to cnoso yrasMsano rone, s rotopon uaqo Mno ucrate. 8 atux ycnosux sce oneuMe sMronuunu
saqauue, +to yrasMsaet ua sosnouocte artyanusauu opasa s ycnosux, rorqa ronuoctek unu +actu+uo qauM
otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru (+acte-enoe) rourpetuoro rpeqneta u cnoeo, oosua+akaee rnacc rpeqnetos,
yrasMsakaee ua cenautu+ecroe rone atoro rpeqneta (opasa).-,
| uaroue, s rocnequeu cepuu, rorqa oneuMn, rasanoce M, rpeqnaranace ronoae oropa ua uerue
actpartuMe aneneutM, rotopMe uyuo Mno qopucosate qo nkoro rpeqneta, oneuMe rorasanu
rpartu+ecryk ecronoauocte; artusuyk qeteneuocte ro artyanusauu opasos ouu saneaanu
perpoqyrtusuMnu qeuctsunu (cpucosMsauue). 0ctaetc coxpauuMn rnoaneuMu, ooaeuuMu opas,
rotopMu uecet ue rourpetuoe sua+euue, a ooaeu uMu cnMcn; rourpetuMu opas saneaaetc rnoaneuMn.
ocnequuu orMt rorasan, +to cepa opasos y oneuMx c atunu opnanu aasuu uapyaeua co ctopouM' ux
ronu+ectsa, pasuoopasu u quuanuru.
Tarun opason, rar nM u rpeqronaranu, s orMtax, s rotopMx nM uccneqosanu +ysctseuuMu yposeue pe+u
yposeue opasos-rpeqctasneuuu u csse opasos co cnoson-, nM.ouapyunu ratonoruk rpeqnetuMx opasos
rpu anuectu+ecrou u arycturo-nue ctu+ecrou aasux. 0rasanoce, +to s aton cny+ae uapyaaetc rourpetuMu
opas rourpetuoro rpeqneta, +to oycnosneuo qeertanu sMqeneuu otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros oerta (u
ero opasa), rpu aton rnoaneuMu opas octaetc coxpauuMn.
Ecnu opatutec r uccneqosauun rpoecca orosuauu ote+ectseuuMnu y+euMnu, rotopMe nM orucanu sMae,
to qynaetc, +to rpu atux opnax aasuu octaetc coxpauuMn ue ronuoeuuMu rnoaneuMu opas,
sosuurakauu ua onee rosquux ctaqux pas sutu u onee rosquux ctaqux nurporeuesa u rpeqctasnkauu
coou enoctuocte sMcororo ropqra, a rnoaneuMu opas, opnupykauuc ua pauuux atarax passutu u ua
ua+aneuMx ctaqux nurporeuesa, t. e. tot opas, rotopMu eae ue rpoauanusuposau

'uc. 15. opucosMsauue saqauuMx aneneutos oneuMnu c aryeturo-nuectu+ecrou aqaie.

Puc. 16, opucosMsauue iaqauusx aneneutos sqoposMnu sspocnMnu ucrMtyenMnu.
s csoux aneneutax. o sceu suqunoctu, u s rantu xpautc opasM pasuoro yposu roctpoeuu. | canMu
uusruu yposeue, rnoaneuMu opas, octaetc coxpauuMn. 0 aton csuqetenectsykt u rony+euuMe uanu
qauuMe o cssu opasa co cnoson: rourpetuoe cnoso, rotopoe qonuo sMssate u rourpetuMu opas, ue
artyanusupyet ero, a cnoso, oosua+akaee rnacc.cenautu+ecru cssauuMx neqy coou rpeqnetos c oropou
ua "^acte*.opasa (s pucyure), sMsMsaet uyuMu rourpetuMu o*as.
Tarun opason, s orMtax, s rotopMx nM uccneqosanu yposeue sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos u ux csse co
cnoson, nM ouapyunu, +to snecto sMqeneuu cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rourpetuoro rpeqneta rpoucxoqut
uerotopoe ,pae+uea+ue omnuvumene+ex npus+a|oe omdene+ex ose|moe, rpuuaqneaaux r rarou-nuo
rpyrre. 8 uaaux orMtax ato ocoeuuo +etro rposunoce s qopucosMsauuu rypuM, Mrneura u retyxa. /
oneuMx rony+unace uera cpequ rypua (puc.. 15); y uux unenc uaop otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros,
rotopMe otuocunuce cropee r rnaccy oertos, +en r otqeneuony oerty rnacca. 8qoposMe ucrMtyenMe
sspocnMe u qetu qanu s atux orMtax +etrue quepeuuposauuMe pucyuru (puc. 16).
8 cssu c rony+euuMnu qauuMnu ectectseuuo sosuur sorpoc o crocouoctu oneuMx c atunu opnanu
aasuu r sM+neueuuk cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta ua yposue sputeneuou reperuu. C atou enek un
rposenu qoronuuteneuyk (V) cepuk orMtos, ucronesy netoq rnaccuurauu ctunusosauuMx (saayn-
neuuMx) raptuuor, ua rotopMx Mnu usopaeuM pasuMe usotuMe.
XusotuMe (nMau, sauM, roaru, eu, csuueu, coaru) Mnu uapucosauM s pasuMx ctunx s oM+uon,
rapuratypuon, ryurtupuon u t. q.; usneunuce rpusM+uMe opnM u parypc usopaeuu usotuoro, ero set,
pasnepM, uo cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru octasanuce. 6oneuMn rpeqnaranoce pasnoute 50 oquuarosMx ro opne
u pasnepy rapto+er c usopaeuuMnu ua uux usotuMnu ua rpyrrM. asanace uuctpyru, s rotopou
rosopunoce, +to uyuo sce pucyuru pasnoute ua rpyrrM, uo s raqou rpyrre qoneu Mte tonero oquu suq
usotuMx. (Cnoso usotuMe rpousuocunoce tonero rocne toro, rar can ucrMtyenMu, rocnotpes ua pucyuru,
rosopun: 3to usotuMe.) lassauu usotuMx ue qasanuce.
PesynetatM atou cepuu orMtos rorasanu uapyaeuue y sceu rpyrrM oneuMx tourou sputeneuou
quepeuuposru. eertM rposnnuce s pasuou opne: y 100% oneuMx ysenu+euo spen orosuauu
oertos, 55%' oauanuce rpu otueceuuu usotuoro r uyuou rpyrre (uarpunep, roa-ra otuocunace r rpyrre
saues u uaoopot), 50% ue ysuasanu uerotopMx usopaeuuu u, uaroue, 50% oneuMx opasosMsanu uosyk
rpyrry usotuMx.
Auanus oauor oneuMx rorasan, +to s oc.uose qeertos neut tpyquocte sMqeneuu xapartepuMx qn
otqeneuoro usotuoro rpusuaros: otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru otqeneuoro oerta saneaanuce oaunu
rpusuaranu rpyrrM. larpunep, uerotopMe oneuMe s rpyrry roaer otuocunu ctunusosauuMx saues. la
sorpoc Kto ato? ouu otse+anu ueysepeuuo: Koara. la- sorpoc o+eny ouu tar qynakt? Mn oquu u tot
e otset: 8ot yau, xsoct u ycM, cornaaace, oquaro, c ten, +to atu rpusuaru xapartepuM ue tonero qn
roaru, uo u qn enou rpyrrM qpyrux usotuMx.
8qoposMe ucrMtyenMe (sspocnMe u qetu), a tare oneuMe c ropaeuuen saque-nouMx otqenos nosra
sMronunu ato saqauue esoauo+uo.
Vouo qynate, +to s rpoecce orosuauu rpeqnetos (unu s uaaen cny+ae ux usopaeuuu ua raptuurax.) y
oneuMx ussneraetc us rantu rnoaneuMu enoctuMu opas onee uusroro yposu ooaeuu. pu+uuou
uapyaeuu orosuauu nusrux ro rouurypauu usotuMx u sqece, ra'r rorasanu orMtM, snetc +ev,ecm-
eumene+ocme one+ex | omnuvumene+ev npus+a|av npedvema (ose|ma, +ene+u+) u, +aoopom, eeco|a+
.v,ecmeumene+ocme | eocnpu+mus (enocm+oco, cnoane+oco, m. e. cpae+e+ue udem |a| e om cxodcmea, a
+e om pasnuvu+. 8a to, +to s aton cny+ae uapyaaetc rpoecc socrputu, a ue cpasueuu rar oquo .us
cpeqcts uarnquo-opasuoro nManeuu, rosopt artM rpasuneuou rnaccuurauu neaamyvnennmx
|apmu+o|.
Tarun opason, s IIV cepux arcrepuneuta nM ouapyunu uapyaeuue rpeqnetuoro opasa-rpeqctasneuu
us-sa qeertos sM+neueuu cyaectseuuMx ero rpusuaros, a s V cepuu uapyaeuue
rpeqnetuoro sputeneuoro socrputu, oquaro s ycnosux, satpyqukaux rpoecc pasnu+euu.
8 cneqykaeu, II +actu arcrepuneuta nM rorMtanuce sMcuute, .otpaaktc nu, u ecnu qa, to rar, qeertM
ruoctu+ecrux rcuxo-
n+ecrux rpoeccos ua pe+u. VM ucxoqunu us rurotesM o rpu+uuuo-cneqctseuuou cssu atux uapyaeuuu c
qeertanu uasMsauu rpeqnetos. C atou enek nM uccneqosanu y oneuMx rpoecc ar-
asauu cnos-uauneuosauuu u cnos, oosua+akaux rpusuaru rpeqnetos. .
VM rpeqnounu, +to cnosa, oosua+akaue rourpetuMe rpeq-
M, yqyt artyanusuposatec y atou rpyrrM oneuMx tpyquee
s, oosua+akaux ra+ectsa u otuoaeuu rpeqnetos, t. e. te rpusuaru, rotopMe ue unekt +etroctu u
rourpetuoctu s sputene-rMn opasax, rpucyaux rpeqnetan peaneuoro nupa.
n rposepru atou rurotesM nM cosnectuo c C. T, Cocuoscrou rposenu creuaneuMu orMt, s rotopon u
rony+unu roqtsepqeuue csoero rpeqronoeuu. 8 orMte y+actsosanu 18 oneuMx c anuo-ctu+ecrou u
arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu. |n rpeqsnnoce 100 raptuuor, ua rotopMx Mnu usopaeuM: 1) rpeqnetM
ou-Koqa; 2) rpeqnetM qetcroro cnosap
1
; 3) sneuu rpupoqM; 4) qeuctsu; 5) ra+ectsa rpeqneta (ero set,
opna).
Kaqony oneuony raptuuru rpeqsnnuce 10 pas, urcuposanoce spen artyanusauu raqoro cnosa y
raqoro oneuoro. ony+euuMu natepuan Mn roqsepruyt ronu+ectseuuou opaotre, oqc+utMsanoce
cpequee spen qn raqoro cnosa y raqoro oneuoro u raqoro cnosa y scex oneuMx. 0rasanoce, +to qn
scex oneuMx spen artyanusauu cnos pacrpeqennoce cneqykaun opason (ro ctereuu sospactauu
tpyquoctu artyanusauu):
1) cnosa, oosua+akaue ra+ectso 2,5 c (1,47,0);
2) cnosa, oosua+akaue- qeuctsue 9,3 c (2,620,0);
3) cnosa, oosua+akaue rpeqnetM - 15 c (4,034,0).
.VM suqun, +to artyanusau cnos-uauneuosauuu orasanace onee +en s 1,5 pasa tpyquee, +en cnos-
qeuctsuu, u s 6 pas tpyquee cnos, otpaakaux ra+ectso rpeqnetos.
Tarun opason, ecnu s I +actu arcrepuneuta nM ouapyunu uapyaeuue opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rourpetuMx
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rpeqnetos, sM+neueuu ux cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros, a so II +actu uapyaeuue qensuo-npequeuo
reperuu us-sa qeertos sMqeneuu creuu+ecrux rpusuaros u coxpauuocte rnoaneuoro opasa, to
pesyne-ras atou +actu arcrepuneutos rorasanu, +to uassauu rourpetuMx rpeqnetos artyanusupyktc
sua+uteneuo tpyquee cnos, oosua+akaux ra+ectsa u otuoaeuu rpeqnetos, t. e. cnos, . sa rotopMnu ctot
rpusuaru peaneuoro rpeqnetuoro nupa, ue unekaue s csoeu ocuose rourpetuMx sputeneuMx opasos. 3tu
qauuMe.
1
emc|uu cnoeape ato repsMe ycsoeuuMe cnosa; cnosa s +actotuon cnosape (ro A. K- Ueuqensq), uauonee +acto
sctpe+akauec s cnosape qeteu ot 3 qo 7 net.
199
c oquou ctopouM, roqtsepqakt rpeqronoeuue o cssu qeertos uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u c
uapyaeuuen ruoctu+ecrou ocuosM cnosa, a c qpyrou rorasMsakt, +to cnosa, oosua+akaue onee
ooaeuuMe u actpartuMe otuoaeuu rpeqnetuoro nupa, artyanusupyktc ner+e rpeqnetuo otueceuuMx
cnos.
auuMe I +actu arcrepuneuta rossonkt rpeqronoute, +to oquou us sosnouMx rpu+uu qeertos
uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u snetc uapyaeuue s sseue opasos-atanouos, c rotopMnu cnu+aetc
repertusuMu opas. la ato yrasMsaet ypasuusauue rpusuaros otqeneuoro rpeqneta (oerta) c rpusuaranu
rnacca oertos, s rotopMu srnk+eu qauuMu rpeqnet, ato sneuue nM uepeqro uankqanu y oneuMx.
8ce sepaneuMe pearuu uaaux oneuMx nM roqseprnu ra+ectseuuony u ronu+ectseuuony auanusy. |ssectuo,
+to oneuMe c an-uectu+ecrou u arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu s roucrax uyuoro cnosa +aae scero
rpuerakt r repeopy cnos, saneaa tarun crocoon oquo cnoso rocneqosateneuMn pqon cnos. 3tu
sepaneuMe pearuu, a tare u crocoM roucra uyuoro cnosa Mnu roqsepruytM rcuxonoru+ecrony auanusy.
pu ronu+ectseuuou opaotre qauuMx arcrepuneuta Mnu sMsneuM cneqykaue ctpateruu roucra cnosa.
oucr s uarpasneuuu om cnoea podcmee++ou ceva+muvec|ou cp,nne sauunaet seqyaee necto (34%) y scex
oneuMx, ua stopon necte roucr om ,+|(uu npedvema (16%). 8 12% cny+aes oneuMe rpu roucre uyuoro
cnosa ucronesosanu cnoeocovema+u+.
lauonee pacrpoctpaueuuMn sunc roucr ot oquou cenautu+ecrou rpyrrM u ot yuruu rpeqneta. 8. oquy
cenautu+ecryk rpyrry nM otuocunu cnosa, nusrue ro sua+euuk, ro rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctu, ro cnMcny.
(larpunep, von+u+ ue rposa, ue rpon u t. q.; m,va+ ue qMn, ue poca, ue onaro u t. q.; amaep|a ue
ara, ue ruuuMu ara, ue ruuru; |oa|a ue coara; +no|o ue rpyaa u t. q.)
Kpone toro, ra+ectseuuMu auanus cnosecuMx pearuu (rapaasuu) yrasMsaet ua teuqeuuk y oneauuctsa
oneuMx r saneue uyuoro rourpetuoro uassauu onee soaun. larpunep:
amaep|a ato neene, ue ruuuMu ara, uet, ato u ue ara u t. q.;
cpad,c+u| ato ue +aen, ue yquneuur u t. q.;
vau+a+ vaa|a ue ctarau, ue +auuur u t. q.;
cp,soeu| naauua, ue coscen naauua;
vanevu| peeuor;
pa|ema rocnoc;
|ac|a anen, ue anen, aarra, ronosuou yop;
vumaem y+utc;
ec,m ue nett;
nucmonem ctpeneuae.
PesynetatM ouapyunu, +to roucr uyuoro cnosa uqet suytpu cenautu+ecroro ron, onee torosuytpu
rpyrrM cnos, oosua-
200
+akaux oquopoquMe rpeqnetM (sneuu). Auanus cnos-rnaronos, saneaakaux uyuoe cnoso-
cyaectsuteneuoe (yuruouaneua saneua), rorasan, +to s 78% cny+aes cnosa-rnaronM otuoctc (unu noryt
Mte otueceuM) ue r oquony rourpetuony rpeqnety, a r enony rnaccy cenautu+ecru nusrux rpeqnetos, a s
22% cny+aes r uecronerun rnaccan rpeqnetos. puseqen rpunep:
p,v|a atun ruayt (uo ruayt u rapauqaaon, u nenon, u ructek, u astopy+rou);
cm,n ua aton cuqt (uo cuqt u ua rpecne, u ua qusaue, u ua taypetre, u ua cranee), ato +toM
cuqete;
+no|o ato eqt, ato, suaete, pactet (eqt rpyau, arenecuuM, xne);
mempade ato, suaete, sarucMsate, rucate (noruot, sarucua ruura u t.- q.);
o|+o ato suqete, cnotpete, ato, suaete, otrpMsate (seprano, qsepe) u t. q.
Auanus pe+esMx pearuu oneuMx, y rotopMx orasanuce uapyaeuuMnu sputeneuMe opasM-rpeqctasneuu u
rpeqnetuoe socrputue, a tare csse opasos-rpeqctasneuuu co cnoson, rorasan uapyaeuu y uux
uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u, +to, ro-suqunony, cssauo c qeertanu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu. 8o-repsMx, y
oneuMx sua+uteneuo tpyquee qpyrux cnos artyanusupyktc uneuuo rpeqnetuMe cnosa ua oue oneaeu
coxpauuoctu artyanusauu cnos, ue unekaux +etrux u rourpetuMx opasos. 8o-stopMx, roucr cnos-
uauneuosauuu s enon uqet suytpu cenautu+ecroro ron, +to noet Mte oycnosneuo coxpauuoctek
rnoaneuoro opasa, rotopMu snetc oaun qn rpyrrM (rnacca) rpeqnetos.
+toM rposepute eae pas aty rurotesy u paspaotate aqersatuMe u aertusuMe netoqe*eocctauosneuu
uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u y atux rpyrr oneuMx, nM rposenu arcrepuneutaneuMu rypc oy+euu oneuMx c
ucronesosauuen uosou netoquru, uarpasneuuou ua rpeoqoneuue qeertos rpeqnetuMx opasos. 3tot
opnupykauu arcrepuneut Mn rposeqeu uanu cosnectuo c |" l. l. Kanutou |.
0rMt oy+euu suco+uMx oneuMx uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u
8aqa+eu oy+euu ua repsou ctaquu sunoce socctauosneuue sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu u
rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctu cnosa. 3ta saqa+a sMterana us rurotesM o cssu uapyaeuu uasMsauu c
qeertanu sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos u cootsetctsosana coctouuk pe+u u sputeneuoro ruosuca
oneuMx. / uux Mno rpyu uapyaeuo" uasMsauue rpocteuaux rpeqnetos ouxoqa, cnoso ue cootuocunoce c
rpeqneton, s croutauuou pe+u nutepaneuMe u sepaneuMe rapaasuu. Pucosauue ro cnosy-uauneuosauuk
Mno ro+tu uesosnouo: oneuMe nuo coscen otrasMsanuce ot pucosauu, nuo pucosanu rpeqnet, otuoc
ero r ooaeu-
uou rpyrre oertos unu r cutyauu, rpyMe sneuu ot+yqeuu cnMcna cnosa satpyqunu rouunauue
opaaeuuou pe+u.
Paoty ua+anu c socctauosneuu sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeq ctasneuuu. pu aton nM rpuneunu ue
otqeneuMe, usonuposauuMe netoqM, a ux cucteny, unekayk csoeu enek auporoe sosqeuctsue ua qeert c
y+eton rpupoqM u nexauusnos ero sosuuruoseuu.
8 cucmev, npuevoe, rotopMe Mnu ucronesosauM ua repsou ctaquu, sxoqunu rpuenM pucoea+u+ u
npedvem+ou |naccuu|a(uu.
8occtauosneuue sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos ua+uuanoce co cpucoeeea+u+ rpeqnetos, saten te e
rpeqnetM pucoaanuce eae pas, uo ye ro rantu, t. e. no npedcmaene+us, u tonero rocne qnuteneuou paotM
oneuMx repesoqunu ua pucosauue rpeqnetos no cnoe,. Cua+ana nM paotanu uaq pucosauuen rpeqnetos,
qanerux ro rateropuaneuony u yuruouaneuony sua+euuk u ro sueaueny suqy, a rosquee onee nusrux
ro sua+euuk, otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru rotopMx ctauosunuce neuee sMpaeuuMnu (uarpunep, ractpkn,
rpyra, rosa). apanneneuo rpuneunc rpuen |naccuu|a(uu rpeqnetos cua.+ana no spumene+ov,
opas(,, a rose * no cnoe,. Knaccuurau no spumene+ov, opas(, pacc+utaua ua socctauosneuue
sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro socrputu. 0ua nposoqnacs cneqykaun opason: repeq oneuMn neano
uerotopoe ronu+ectso rpeqnetuMx usopaeuuu,"rotopMe ou qoneu Mn pasnoute ua ooaeuuMe rpyrrM,
uarpunep: rpuM u roqM, oyse u oqeqa, usotuMe u setM; cp,nne npedvemoe +e +aseeanuce. pu
rposeqeuuu rnaccuurauu ro ooaakaeny cnosy oneuony rpeqnaranoce sMpate us ueoneaoro +ucna
raptuuor tarue, ua rotopMx Mno usopaeuue nuo rocyqM, nuo osoaeu, nuo rpeqnetos, cqenauuMx us
enesa, u t. r. (cnosa, oosua+akaue rpyrry rpeqnetos, oneuony uasMsanuce).
Tar rar ruceno u +teuue y oneuMx c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu repsu+uo ue uapyaeuo, ouu sMronunu
cneqykaue yrpaueuu qn sarperneuuu cssu rpeqnet cnoso.
1) /rpaueuu c rporyaeuuMnu cnosanu-uauneuosauunu, s rotopMx uerotopMe cnosa saneunuce
cootsetctsykaunu usopaeuunu. 6oneuMe qonuM Mnu uautu orpeqenuuoe cnoso, orupace, c oquou
ctopouM, ua sepaneuMu routerct, ac qpyrou-ua raptuury. Taroe orocpeqctsosauue cnosa-uauneuosauu
crococtsyet ero artyanusauu u socctauosneuuk cssu c rpeqneton.
2) peqnaranc rpoctou re+atuMu terct orucateneuoro xapartepa u cketua raptuura r ueny. 6oneuoro
npocn rpo+utate atot terct u cootuectu ero c raptuurou. 8aten eny qasanu raptuury, otnu+akaykc
uerotopMnu qetannu, u ,ou qoneu Mn cpasuute oa usopaeuu u yrasate, rarou rpeqnet otcytctsyet
nuo rarou uosMu rpeqnet rosunc ua stopou raptuure. 3to yrpaueuue, rar u repsoe, crococtsosano
socctauosneuuk cssu cnosa c rpeqneton.
la atou ctaquu artusuoe uasMsauue rpeqneta ue tpeosanoce. 0quaro r 6 10-ny sautuk oneuMe artusuo,
es rapaasuu nornu

Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
uasMsate oneaoe ronu+ectso rpeqnetos ouxoqa (cton, ctyn, rnatee, +aara u t. q.).
Tarun opason, ua repsou ctaquu ocuosuoe suunauue yqennoce paote uaq sputeneuMn rpeqnetuMn
socrputuen u rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctek cnosa.
ocne atoro nM repexoqunu ro stopou ctaquu oy+euu r socctauosneuuk canoro rpoecca orosuauu
rpeqneta, yneuu sMqente cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru rpeqnetos.
8 cucteny rpuenos, rpuneusauxc ua atou ctaquu, sxoqunu: |o+cmp,upoea+ue rpeqnetos us saqauuMx
+acteu, +axode+ue oauo| s usopaeuux rpeqnetos, dopucoeeea+ue rpeqneta qo enoro. 0ctauosunc
onee roqpouo ua raqon rpuene.
|o+cmp,upoea+ue npedvemoe us sada++ex vacmeu
6oneuony qaetc orpeqeneuua qetane rpeqneta, csouctseuua scen rpeqnetan qauuoro rnacca: uarpunep,
enrocte qn rocyqM unu tynosuae u ronosa qn usotuMx, saten ata qetane roctereuuo qoronuetc
qpyrunu. KaqMu pas oneuony saqaetc sorpoc: mo amo? la vmo (unu +a |oco) noxo amom npedvem
{ose|m)? ocne atoro oneuou sapucosMsaet cnoeuuMe us qetaneu rpeqnetM, qenaet r uun uaqrucu, a
saten sMrucMsaet uassauu aneneutos, oaux qn scex rpeqnetos, csouctseuuMx otqeneuMn rpeqnetan
(puc. 17).
laxode+ue oAuok e usopae+u+x npedvemoe
6oneuony rpeqnaraetc rocnotpete ua usopaeuue rpeqneta, s rotopon qoryaeuM oauru: nuo ue
qopucosauM uerotopMe qetanu, nuo sseqeuM uosMe, ue csouctseuuMe rpeqnety, uarpunep, usopaeuue
rtuM c +etMpen naranu, nMau c ropotrun xsocton. 0u qoneu uautu oaury u roctapatec ucrpasute ee.
Ecnu eny ato tpyquo, rorasMsakt s ra+ectse opasa rpasuneuoe usopaeuue rpeqneta. 6oneuou
cpasuusaet qauuoe usopaeuue rpeqneta c opason u uaxoqut oaury.
opucoeeea+ue npedvema do (enoco
epeq oneuMn uaxoqutc rpeqnet c ueronuMn ronu+ectson aneneutos. 8aqa+a oneuoro qopucosate
otcytctsykaue aneneutM s saqauuon pucyure. n atoro oneuou qoneu artyanusuposate opas-
rpeqctasneuue rpeqneta, uo ue ro cnosy-uauneuosauuk, a ro ueronuony sputeneuony opasy rpeqneta.
KaqMu pas nM paotanu +ad od+uv aneve+mov, rotopMu nor Mte
Puc. 17. Kouctpyuposauue rpeqnetos us saqauuMx +acteu.
+actek pas+ex npedvemoe u unete oquo u to e uassauue (uoru y ctona, ctyna, araa u t. q.); rpu+en
rpeqnet u ero aneneutM reqaror ua repsMx sautux ue uasMsan. la onee rosquux ctaqux oy+euu
oneuMn rpeqnaranoce qopucosate rpeqnetM, ye oosua+euuMe cnoson, rose oneuMn rpeqnaranu
qopucosMsate actpartuMe urypM rpyr, rsaqpat, sonuuctMe u nonauMe nuuuu u t. q. 8 aton cny+ae
rpeqnetos ue uasMsanu.
8ec netoqM, ucronesyenMe ua stopou ctaquu oy+euu, Mnu uarpasneuM ua sMqeneuue cyaectseuuMx
rpusuaros rpeqnetos. Vetoq orosuauu oauor s saqauuMx usopaeuux pacc+utau ua socctauosneuue
orepauu cnu+euu opasa socrputu "c xpauaunc s rantu sputeneuMn rpeqnetuMn atanouon u rocne-
qykaeu orepauu sM+neueuu cyaectseuuoro rpusuara rpeqnetos.
Kouctpyuposauue rpeqnetuMx usopaeuuu, rorqa oneuou qoneu Mn sMpate uyuMe aneneutM, tare
rpoteraet s cepe socrputu, uo c osateneuMn rpusne+euuen sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu o rpeqnete.
pu qopucosMsauuu e rpeqneta qo enoro paota uqet oneae s cepe sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu:
oneuony ueoxoquno unete qoctato+uo +etroe rpeqctasneuue o ucronon rpeqnete, +toM, orupace ua
uero, qopucosate parneut rpeqneta qo enoro.
r

Tarun opason, ua stopou ctaquu ocyaectsnnc roctereuuMu repexoq ot sputeneuoro socrputu r
sputeneuMn rpeqnetuMn rpeqctasneuun.
la cneqykaeu, tpeteeu ctaquu oy+euu paota senace s ocuosuon ye ua yposue pe+u c oropou ua
cootsetctsykaue cketuMe raptuuru.
la atou ctaquu oy+euu ocuosuMn netoqon socctauosneuu uasMsauu sunc roucr cnos-uauneuosauuu
+epes cosqauue sepaneuoro routercta. C atou enek oneuMn rpeqnaranoce cosqate rnau repecrasa rp
cketuMn raptuuran, cua+ana ooaeuuMu, saten qetaneuMu. peqnaranuce qse cketuMe raptuuru,
unekaue nuoro oaux qetaneu, uo otnu+akauec cnMcnosMn routercton. 6oneuMe canoctoteneuo ux
auanusuposanu, sMqen oaee u pasnu+uoe, coctasnnu cua+ana ooaeuuMu rnau repecrasa, saten onee
qetaneuMu. Tara paota ro cpasueuuk rap cketuMx raptuu crococtsosana artyanusauu u sarperneuuk
uosMx cnos, t. e. cnos, uaq rotopMnu c oneuMn eae ue paotanu u rotopMe otcytctsosanu s ux artusuon
cnosape. lauqeuuMe tarun opason cnosa, oosua+akaue*teqnetM, sneuu, ra+ectsa, qeuctsu,
sarpernnuce s orpeqeneuuou cepuu yrpaueuuu: ouu ssoqunuce s cucteny cnMcnosMx csseu, otMcrusanuce
ua qpyrux raptuurax, ucronesosanuce a terctax 3uuray-sa rar rporyaeuuMe cnosa u t. q.
la atou ctaquu ucronesosanc netoq oMrpMsauu uosMx cnos. n raqoro cnosa oneuony qasanace cxena,
s rotopyk ou qoneu Mn suocute sce, +to suan o qauuon rpeqnete: raroro ou seta, rqe sctpe+aetc, sa+en
uyeu, r rarou rateropuu ot-
8kcutc u t. q. 8rocneqctsuu oneuMe nornu canoctoteneuo (cosqate taryk cxeny qn nkoro rpeqneta u
saronuute ee. 3tot (netoq rossonn sua+uteneuo pacaupute cenautu+ecrue' cssu cno-|sa c qpyrunu cnosanu,
crococtsosan pacaupeuuk artusuoro cnosap.
8 rpoecce socctauosuteneuou paotM, repexoq r raqou rocneqykaeu ctaquu, nM rpoqonanu
ucronesosate ocuosuMe netoqM rpeqMqyaux ctaquu, rotopMe snnuce terepe scronorateneuMnu.
lue rpuseqen rpunep socctauosneuu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u y oneuoro c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou
aasueu.
6oneuou A. (uct. onesuu N 1593/14852), 38 net, opasosauue sMcaee, rperoqasatene nutepatypM. octyrun s rnuuury uepsuMx
onesueu 1-ro Vequuucroro uuctutyta qn socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu c quaruoson: rocneqctsu otrpMtoro sqasneuuoro repenona
neeou meVe++o-eucov+ou onacmu. 6oneaou repeuec octpyk +eperuo-nosrosyk tpasny, qnuteneuoe spen uaxoqunc es cosuauu.
6Mna rpousseqeua orepau ro yqaneuuk roctuMx ocronros us nesou te+e-uuo-suco+uou onactu. 8 uesponoru+ecron ctatyce
uapyaeuuu uet. 6oneuou routarteu, opueutuposau s necte u speneuu, rnyoro repeusaet csoe saonesauue, rputu+eu r csoeny
coctouuk. |ccneqosauue cepM rparcuca sMsuno +etryk teuqeuuk r sepraneuoctu s rparcuce rosM, rpoctpauctsa u
rouctpyrtusuon rparcuce; nerrue qeertM repernk+euu ot oquou qsurateneuou nenoquu r qpyrou s quuanu+ecron rparcuce. 0eura
u' socrpousseqeuue putnos es ocoeuuocteu. peqnetuMu u cunsonu+ecruu ruosuc es suqunMx uapyaeuuu. Pucyuor bro cnosy-
uauneuosauuk satpyqueu, cpucosMsauue c opasos oneuony qoctyruo. Croutauua' pe+e oneuoro equa, arpannatu+ua,
sMpaeu roucr cnos. 'ouunauue rpoctMx uuctpyruu u cnMcna otqeneuMx cnos qoctyruo. le uapyaeuo rouunauue cnos,
oosua+akaux +actu tena, satpyqueuo rouunauue sorpocos u noruro-rpannatu+ecrux rouctpyruu. lonuuatusua yuru pe+u
uapyaeua to anuectu+ecrony tury, oneuou uasMsaet 37% rpeqnoeuuMx eny rpeqnetuMx usopaeuuu co cpequun nateutuMn
speneuen 13 c. 8Msnktc tpyquoctu rostopeuu qnuuuMx cnos u pas us-sa cyeuu oena socrputu sepaneuoro natepuana.
uceno u +teuue repsu+uo ue, uapyaeuM.
8arnk+euue: y oneuoro ua oue coxpauuou nu+uoctu u uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos unekt necto ^rycturo-nuectu+ecra u
cenautu+ecra aasuu u repsu+ua aranerynu.
Creuaneuoe uccneqosauue sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu sMsuno ux qeertuocte. pu coxpauuou crocouoctu cpucosMsauu c
opasa oneuou ue nor uapucosate ro cnosy-uauneuosauuk pqa rpoctMx oertos. Tar, ou qenaet uecronero rorMtor uapucosate
nMae, uo ue noet crpasutec c saqauuen. 8Mronu saqauue uautu * s ruure u cpucosate usopaeuue, rpeqneta,
cootsetctsykaee ; saqauuony cnosy-uauneuosauuk, oneuou tare ucrMtMsan tpyquoctu. Canoctoteneuo sMpas r cnosy
vaa|a us pqa raptuuor raptuury c usopaeuuen Vaaru c norou, ctoaeu ua nkqe, oneuou qonro ue nor scronuute, rarou us r
atux rpeqnetos uocut qauuoe uauneuosauue. Eny rpuanoce sM+neuute raqMu rpeqnet us pucyura, otqeneuo uapucosate ux u
roqopate cootsetctsykaue cnosa-uauneuosauu (+to eae pas yrasMsaet ua uapyaeuue y qauuou rpyrrM oneuMx cssu neqy
rourpetuMn sputeneuMn rpeqnetuMn opason u cootsetctsykaun eny cnoson-uauneuosauuen) (puc. 18). oqouMe qeuctsu
oneuoro yrasMsakt ua coxpa++ocme |o+me|cma opasa u eco cnoane+ocme.
8autu c oneuMn Mnu ua+atM c socctauosneuu rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctu cnosa c y+eton coxpauuoctu routercta
opasa u ero rnoaneuoctu.
la repsMx sautux (I ctaqu) rpuneunace cuctena ne-

Puc. 18. oqop pucyura r saqauuony cnosy vaa|a.
toqos, s ocuose rotopou nean netoq cpucoeeea+u+ u coom+ece+u+ puc,+|oe c coomeemcme,s(uv cnoeov-
+auve+oea+uev. 8 aty cucteny sxoqunu netoq cpucosMsauu rpeqneta c opasa u netoq sMopa raptuuor ro
saqauuony cnosy cpequ pqa (812 raptuuor) . C rpasuneuo 8MpauuMx raptuuor oneuMe cpucosMsanu
rpeqnetM, raqMu rpeqnet pucosanc roq cootsetctsykaun en\ cnoson-ua uneuosauuen. ep sMu netoq
Mn uarpasneu ua socctauosneuue cssu socrputu rpeqneta c opason-rpeqctasneuuen -- co cnoson;
stopou netoq aen s opatuon uarpasneuuu"ot cnosa -*n r cootsetctsykaeny opasy r u r sMopy
raptuuor s rpoecce socrputu. 8 aty e cucteny netoqos sxoqun u netoq rnaccuurauu rpeqnetuMx
usopaeuuu: cua+ana ro sputeneuony opasy oneuMe qonuM Mnu roqopate rpeqnetuMe raptuuru,
sxoqaue s saqauuyk rpyrry (rnacc) rpeqnetos (neene, oqeqa, osoau), c rocneqykaun oosua+euuen
rpyrrM rpeqnetos uyuMn cnoson. 8aten rpusuaru rnaccuurauu neunuce: rnaccuurau rpeqnetos ro
ux yuruouaneuou unu rateropuaneuou rpuuaqneuoctu, ro rpusuary oauoctu natepuana (us +ero
cqenauM), ro rpusuary rpuneueuu rpeqnetos {sa+en uyuM) u t. q. Cootueceuue cnosa-uauneuosauu c
opason socrputu sarpernnoce pqon yrpaueuuu. 6oneuou +utan rpoctou orucateneuMu terct (orucauue
ronuatM) u cootuocun ero c cootsetctsykaeu raptuurou; s rpeqnoeuu, s rotopMx pq cnos Mn saneueu
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pucyuranu, sctasnn cnosa.
3tu netoqM u yrpaueuu rpuneunuce s ua+ane y+euoro urna; ouu Mnu uarpasneuM ua artyanusauk
csseu cnosa c ero rpeqnetuMn opason .+epes socrputue raptuuor u ux socrpousseqeuue (s pucyurax), a
tare +epes artyanusauk ux cenautu+ecrux csseu.
la cneqykaeu ctaquu paota ana uaq eoccma+oene+uev opasa vepes eco |o+me|cm. C atou enek
rpuneunace qpyra cuctena netoqos, seqyaun s ueu Mn |o+me|cm+eu vemod. 0t oneuoro tpeosanoce
sMqenute uyuMu rpeqnet (ro cnosy unu ro raptuure) us rpyrrM yuruouaneuo cssauuMx rpeqnetos, ua-
rpunep, +auuyk +aary us oaero ee routercta +aara, nkqe, nora; rnatee us ero routercta oqeta s
rnatee euauua, qeso+ra; neene us routercta una ronuata. PesynetatM sarpernnuce netoqon
cpucosMsauu sMqeneuuMx rpeqnetos c
[qaneueuaun ux roqrucMsauuen. pyrou, rpotusoronouou sa-!qa+eu rpu rpuneueuuu atoro netoqa
sunace otpaotra yneuu .srnk+ate opas rourpetuoro rpeqneta, sMsMsaenoro y oneuoro |;no cnosy, s
saqauuMu eny routerct. larpunep, oneuony qaetc uapucosauuoe nuo +enosera (es tou unu qpyrou ero
+actu), :.u ou qoneu artyanusuposate opas atou +actu nua u uapuco-nsate s cootsetctsykaen necte u t. q.
(0tnetun, +to tara paota Iqonua rposoqutec roctouuo, s te+euue scero repuoqa oy-|+euu oneuoro,
tar rar orMt rorasan, +to routerctuMu netoq secena aertuseu n qn socctauosneuu rourpetuoro
opasa 'rpeqneta.)
/senu+euue artusuoro cnosapuoro saraca u yny+aeuue rouu--nauu rossonuno repeutu r III ctaquu
socctauosuteneuoro ^oy+euu eoccma+oene+us ,ve+u+ eeden+me c,(ecmee++ee {npus+a|u npedvemoe.
8qece rpuneunace qpyra cuctena ne-{ntoqos: netoq qopucosMsauu rpeqnetos qo enoro; netoq roucra
'+ ucrpasneuu oauor s saqauuMx rpeqnetuMx usopaeuux; |netoq rouctpyuposauu rpeqneta us qauuMx
eny aneneutos (tar, }oneuou crnaqMsan rpeqnetM rocyqM us pasnu+uMx parneutos, uaxoqun oaue u
pasnu+uMe aneneutM y +auuura, +aaru, caxap-^uuM, ractpknu, rysauua); netoq perouctpyruu rpeqneta c
jroucron oauor u saneuou oquux (oauo+uMx) aneneutos uy->uMnu (saqauue reutasp). Tar, rouctpyruk
roposa-noaaqe (ronosa u uoru noaaqu, ropryc, sMn u xsoct roposM) oneuou ^qoneu Mn ucrpasute
cua+ana qo noaaqu, saten qo roposM. ^peqnaranuce suaronMe (ro rpeqMqyaun sautun) rpeqnetuMe
n'usopaeuu, uo c uerotopMnu oauranu, rotopMe oneuou qonoeu uautu u ucrpasute.
Paota ro socctauosneuuk sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu y one-JHoro rpusena r sua+uteneuony yny+aeuuk
uonuuatusuou yur-|uu pe+u, pacaupeuuk cnosapuoro saraca. Creuaneuoe uccneqosauue uasMsauu
rorasano, +to oneuou ctan rpasuneuo uasMsate 80% rpeqsneuuMx eny rpeqnetuMx usopaeuuu co cpeq-
|;uun nateutuMn repuoqon 9 c.
8ce ato qa/io sosnouocte repeutu r cneqykaeu, IV c t a q-u u |socctauosneuu, saqa+eu rotopou sunace
paoma +ad 0vecnoeevu ce+s+vu cnoea-+auve+oea+u+. 8qece rpuneunace en eqy k-
;
aa cuctena
netoqos: netoq cpasueuu cketuMx raptuuor; netoq pucosauu ro cnosy u cpucosMsauu rpeqnetuMx
usopa-|Xeuuu c sMqeneuuen cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta.
Vetoq cpasueuu qsyx raptuuor crococtsosan roucry uosMx cnos, t. e. cnos, rotopMx r atony repuoqy
oy+euu y one-uoro ue Mno s ero artusuon cnosape. 6oneuony rpeqnaranuce |qse raptuuru, unekaue
nuoro oaux aneneutos, uo uaxoqaue-|c s pasnu+uMx cnMcnosMx routerctax; ou artusuo paccnatpusan ;,
sMqenn oaee u pasnu+uoe.
Paota uaq socctauosneuuen cnMcnosMx csseu cnosa, nM |pquospeneuuo oy+anu sM+neueuuk
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros
rpeqneta. Kaqoe uosoe, ue ussectuoe oneuony cnoso sarucMsanoce, cpucosMsanc cootsetctsykauu
rpeqnet, sMqennuce ero otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru. Vetoq pucosauu ucronesosanc qn socctauosneuu ue
tonero cnos-uauneuosauuu rpeqnetos, uo u cnos, oosua+akaux ra+ectsa. 6oneuou pucosan sce nrrue rpeq-
netM, sce sMcorue, uusrue, +epuMe u t. q. n pacaupeuu saraca cnos-ra+ects ucronesosanc tare netoq
cpasueuu uecronerux usopaeuuu pasuMx rpeqnetos c oquun u ten e ra+ectson (rpusuaron): naneueruu,
rpyrnMu u t. q."
poseqeuuMu c oneuMn ronytoparoqu+uMu rypc, socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu rossonun eny sepuytec r
rpeueu paote.
Tarun opason, socctauosneuue uasMsauu rpeqneta ua+uuanoce c socctauosneuu u yrpo+euu sputeneuMx
rpeqctasneuuu o uen. pu oy+euuu rpeqe scero rpeqnaranoce rpoctoe roruposauue oneuMn usopaeuu,
t. e. paota rposoqunace s cepe socrputu, saten repexoqunu r onee cnouMn opnan cpasuuteneuoro
auanusa socrpuuunaenMx oertos u sarau+usanu opnuposauuen sputeneuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu. 8ce
sautu senuce c osateneuMn roctereuuMn repesoqon sputeneuoro socrputu u rpeqctasneuuu ua
pe+esou yposeue, t. e. rposoqunace roctouua paota uaq socctauosneuuen u yrpo+euuen csseu
sputeneuoro opasa rpeqneta c ero ncnosecuMn oosua+euuen {paota ua+uuanace c usopaeuu tex
rpeqnetos,
1
uassauu rotopMx Mnu s cnosape oneuMx).
CpucosMsauue rpeqneta c opasa c oquospeneuuMn roqrucMsauuen cnosa-uauneuosauu crococtsosano
cosqauuk csseu sputeneuoro rpeqctasneuu o rpeqnete c cootsetctsykaun cnoson.
0y+euue oneuoro sMqeneuuk s rpeqnetax seqyaero rpusuara, csouctseuuoro ue oquony rpeqnety, uo scen
otuocaunc r oquony rnaccy, socctauasnusano ooaeuuMu sputeneuMu opas u crococtsosano rar
sMqeneuuk cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rnacca rpeqnetos, tar u otqeneuMx rpeqnetos atoro rnacca. 3ta paota
rposoqunace ryten cpasueuu neqy coou uecronerux rpeqnetuMx usopaeuuu nuo peaneuMx rpeqnetos.
Tonero rocne atoro oneuMn qasanuce uassauu parneutos rpeqneta.
cuxonoru+ecruu auanus rpuneueuuou netoquru oy+euu u quuanuru opatuoro passutu rpoecca
uasMsauu yrasMsaet ua tecuyk csse sputeneuoro opasa rpeqneta c ero opasuMn routercton u cnosecuMn
oosua+euuen. la ato yrasMsaet u aert socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u (ro-
nouteneuMu aert socctauosneuu Mn rony+eu s 16 cny+ax us 18). Cneqyet otnetute, +to ata netoqura
crococtsosana socctauosneuuk u qpyrux suqos pe+u, rpeqe scero rpeoqoneuuk ot+yqeuu cnMcna cnosa.
/ oneuMx ysenu+usanc artusuMu cnosape u yneueaanoce ronu+ectso rapaasuu.
3. 056YAEhhE PE3YbTAT0 h66E0AhhP
Tarun opason, uaaa rurotesa o uapyaeuuu +ysctseuuou ocuosM cnosa rar rpu+uuM uapyaeuu
uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u y oneuMx c anuectu+ecrou u arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasunu roqtsepqunace
so scex tpex +actx arcrepuneuta.
lapyaeuu rpeqnetuou ocuosM cnosa rposnktc s qeertax sMqeneuu cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros
otqeneuoro rpeqneta, s teuqeuuu r ypasuusauuk rpusuaros otqeneuoro rpeqneta c rpusuaranu,
xapartepuMnu qn oquopoquou rpyrrM rpeqnetos. |neuuo roatony s orMtax ro rnaccuurauu
ctunusosauuMx oertos (usotuMx) oneuMe ue noryt crpasutec c quepeuuposauuen oertos,
nusrux ro sueaueny suqy; s cepuu orMtos c pucosauuen ro sputeneuony rpeqctasneuuk y oneuMx uet
+etrux pucyuros, ouu rpuerakt r ooaeuuony pucyury unu r otrasy ot pucosauu u qp., a s cepuu orMtos,
uccneqykaux ye pe+esou yposeue otpaeuu rpeqnetuoro nupa, sce atu qeertM rposnktc s
cootsetctsykaux satpyqueuux uaxoqeuu to+uoro cnosa, oosua+akaero uneuuo qauuMu rpeqnet, a ue
rarou-nuo qpyrou, nusruu ro cnMcny.
Eae pas xotun roq+epruyte, +to nouo qynate, +to uapyaeuue sua+euu cnosa cssauo, rar nM ye rucanu
sMae, c uapyaeuuen u socrputu, u artyanusauu cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta, rotopMe u snktc,
rar uan rpeqctasnetc, uocutennu sua+euu cnosa, a cnMcn, suytpu rotoporo u uqet roucr uyuoro cnosa,
cssau c rnoaneuMn opason.
8 ronesy sMcrasauuoro rpeqronoeuu rosoput tare auanus rapaasuu, rotopMu rorasan, +to y oneuMx
uanetunace teuqeuu roucra uyuoro cnasa nuo ot onee ooaeuuoro r onee rourpetuony^ nuo ryten
repeopa cnos suytpu oquoro cenautu+ecroro ron. 8ce ato rossonet sMcrasate conueuue otuocuteneuo
unesaero necto y rnaccuros uesponoruu rpeqctasneuu o uapyaeuuu y oneuMx c anuectu+ecrou aasueu
actpartuou rateropuaneuou yctauosru u o cssu qeertos uasMsauu c uapyaeuuen cunsonu+ecrou
yuruu. o uaaun qauuMn, y uccneqyenou rpyrrM oneuMx cropee satpyqueu ryte ot ooaeuuoro r
rourpetuony, +en uaoopot. pasqa, cneqyet yrasate u ua to, +to s atux cny+ax octaetc coxpauuMn onee
uusruu yposeue ooaeuu u ua ruoctu+ecron, u ua pe+eson yposue. la yposue opasa-rpeqctasneuu ato
uuterpaneuMu opas repsoro ropqra, rotopMu ue rpoauanusuposau eae ro csoun coctasnkaun. Peae+ue o
|amecopuane+ou npu+adne+ocmu npedvema e amov cn,vae npu+uvaemc+ +e +a a+anumuvec|ou, a +a
cu+memuvec|ou oc+oee eocnpu+mu+.
la yposue pe+u roucr cnos uqet suytpu rpyrrM cnos, nusrux ro cnMcny (a ue ro rourpetuony sua+euuk). .
Ecnu terepe, s csete uaaux qauuMx, paccnotpete ctpyrtypy uapyaeuu rpoecca uasMsauu, to nouo
rpeqronoute ene-
qykaee. 8Mae nM rosopunu, +to rpoecc uasMsauu cssau c rpoeccon orosuauu, srnk+akaun sseuo
cnu+euu roctyrakaeu uuopnauu c saurcuposauuMnu s rantu cneqanu unu opasanu (atanouanu)
suaronMx oertos. pu aton ueoxoquna rpeqsaputeneua artyanusau atux cneqos unu atanouos (ore-
peakaee sosyqeuue), rotopa rpoucxoqut ryten rocneqosateneuoro unu oquospeneuuoro ousneuu
pasnu+uMx cneqos (unu cucten cneqos), t. e. ryten sMqsueuu u csepru rurotes. 8 uopne sece atot rpoecc
uutepuopusosau, corpaaeu, astonatusuposau u rpoteraet sue cosuauu, ua yposue cosuauu rosnetc nuae
roue+uMu rpoqyrt cnouoro rpoecca s suqe" cnosa-uauneuosauu orosuauuoro oerta.
pu anuectu+ecrou aasuu atot rpoecc ctauosutc arcte-puopusosauuMn u passepuytMn,
qesastonatusuposauuMn u ocosuauuMn uneuuo s sseue ousneuu cneqos u coroctasneuu ux c qauuMn
oerton. 0 ton, +to cneqM y oneuoro ousnktc u rpoucxoqut sMqsueuue u csepra rurotes,
csuqetenectsyet sc ctpateru roucra netoq repeopa enoro pqa cnos, rorqa sMqsuraetc rurotesa s
suqe cnosa u* tyt e otsepraetc, saten uosa rurotesa u rosnetc cneqykaee cnoso s rocneqosatene-
uon pqy u t. q. *
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8 ra+ectse usuonoru+ecroro nexauusna sqece nouo rpeqronoute uanu+ue curuanos paccornacosauu,
sosuurakaux rpu uecootsetctsuu roctyrakaux curuanos u uepsuou noqenu (E. l. Coronos).
pasuneuMu otset ua ctunyn noet sosuuruyte tonero rpu ycnosuu cosraqeuu saroquposauuMx s rantu
otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta (ro |. V. Ce+euosy, rpunet) u curuaneuMx otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros
ctunyna-rpeqneta. o tex rop rora ue rpousouqet atoro cosraqeuu, ue noet rpousoutu orosuauue, a
cneqosateneuo, ue rosutc u uyuoe cnoso-uauneuosauueuuquratop orosuauu.
8ce ato qaet ocuosauue qn rpeqronoeuu o ton, +to y uaaux oneuMx rpoecc uasMsauu uapyaaetc
oneae ua yposue, oecre+usakaen sMop atanoua, cootsetctsykaero repertusuony opasy. oatony
uneet necto passepuytMu rocneqosateneuMu roucr atanoua, uo s cuny uapyaeuu otnu+uteneuMx rpu-
suaros atanoua (opasa-rpeqctasneuu) cnu+euu ue rpoucxoqut, a sosuurakt cnosa-saneuutenu
(rapaasuu), cootsetctsykaue oaeny rnoaneuony opasy, otpaakaeny cnMcn.
Ecnu ucxoqute us cymecsyme s cospeneuuou nutepatype rurotesM o ton, +to sputeneuoe orosuauue
oerta u artyanusau cootsetctsykaero cnosa-ua un cuosa uu noryt rpoucxoqute ue tonero ryten
rocneqosateneuou csepru sosuurakaux rurotes, uo u ryten oquospeneuuoro (cunynetauuoro) srnk+euu ue-
cronerux o6p aios-sanouos s otset ua sosuurayk rurotesy (P. C. lurepcou, A. F. otarosa, V. C. Lextep
u qp.), to nouo rpeqronoute, +to y uaaux oneuMx uapyaaetc uneuuo rpo-
eccyaneua ctopoua orosuauu. 8 aton cny+ae nouo qynate, +to uapyaeuuMe atanouM (pasnMtMe,
cnaMe cneqM) ue cosqakt ueoxoqunMx ycnosuu qn cunynetauuoro rpoecca csepru rurotesM c pqon
oquospeneuuo scrnMsakaux atanouos. oatony s uaaen cny+ae cuv,nema++eu npo(ecc ceep|u cunomes
save(aemc+ cykqeccuenmv. la yposue pe+u ato uapyaeuue uaxoqut csoe rposneuue (csou auanor) s
repeope cnos-uauneuosauuu.
Tc cny+au, rorqa roucr uqet s cenautu+ecron rone, uo ue s pycne rateropuaneuMx csseu, a s pycne
yuruouaneuou sua+unoctu rpeqneta (oerta) u oneuMe rpuerakt r repeopy enoro pqa cnos u
cnosoco+etauuu, oosua+akaux unu qeuctsue canoro rpeqneta, unu qeuctsue c uun, ue orposeprakt uaaux
ytsepqeuuu. Korqa oneuou snecto cnosa p,v|a rosoput uy, ato rucate, ato epeae u ruaeae, snecto
xne ato eqt, ato reryt, a roton eqt, s narasuue rpoqakt, snecto cnosa vace tur-tar, ouu xoqt,
spen rorasMsakt u t. q., to seqe sa e yuruouaneua xapartepuctura s oquuarosou nepe otuocutc r
enony pqy oquopoquMx rpeqnetos u ueussectuo, rarou us uux uneet s suqy oneuou (cp.: py+ra u kapauqam,
atou u ynra, +acM u yquneuur). 8, oquon cny+ae oneuMe ucronesykt rateropuaneuMu tur saneuM, s
qpyron yuruouaneuMu, uo s ooux cny+ax roucr saxsatMsaet uecronero oertos, nusrux ro cnMcny,
uo ue ro rourpetuony sua+euuk.
poecc uasMsauu cnouMu rcuxu+ecruu rpoecc, u cssau ou c repertusuMnu rpoeccanu, o +en
csuqetenectsykt u qauuMe outoreuesa, u rar scruu onee sMcoruu yposeue rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu ue
ytpa+usaet csoeu cssu c onee aneneutapuMnu yposunu. lo, yqy+u uutunuo cssauuou c +ysctseuuou
ocuosou, pe+esa qeteneuocte sspocnoro +enosera cssaua c ueu ue uarpnyk, a peqctasnet coou, ro .
C. 8Mrotcrony, cnouyk uepapxu+ecryk cucteny.
oqsoq utoru, nouo cqenate sarnk+euue o nepeuv+ov +ap,ae+uu npu akycmuko-vnecmuvecko u
av+ecmuvec|ou aasu+x npedvem+oco nep(enmue+oco opasa u opasa-npedcmaene+u+ u o dee|me
+aseea+u+ |a| emopuv+ov +ap,ae+uu. pu aton uapyaaetc nercu+ecroe sua+euue cnosa, otpaakaee
peaneuyk rpeqnetuyk qeuctsuteneuocte. |ssectuo, +to s cospeneuuou rcuxonoruu sua+euue
paccnatpusaetc rar sMpaotauuoe +enose+ectson u saurcuposauuoe s routux ooaeuuoe otpaeuue
qeuctsuteneuoctu
1
. Ecnu roqxoqute r sua+euuk c atux rosuuu, to uenes crasate, +to routue rar rateropu
nManeuu octaetc s aton cny+ae coxpauuMn. o sceu sepotuoctu, nM ctanrusaenc sqece c repsu+uMn
uapyaeuuen oquoro us suqos nManeuu opasuoro nManeuu, rocronery opasM u rpoqyrt
1
cuxonoru+ecruu cnosape / oq peq. . 8. assqosa. V., 1983. - C. I! 2.
atoro suqa nManeuu, u oquo us ero cpeqcts orasMsaktc rpu atux opnax aasuu uapyaeuuMnu.
0quaro coxpauuocte u qae ycuneuue y atou rpyrrM oneuMx cnMcna socrpuuunaenoro unu artyanusupyenoro
s opasax peaneuoro nupa ronreucupyet qeertM rouunauu sua+euuu, tar rar cnMcn ecte creuu+ecru
+enose+ecroe yuruouaneuoe opasosauue, orpeqenkaee peaeuue nMcnuteneuMx u tsop+ecrux saqa+
1
.
VM qynaen, +to uapyaeuu sepaneuMx sua+euuu ux rouunauu u yrotpeneuu uaxoqtc s -cnouou,
uerpnou ssaunocssu c uapyaeuuen opasos u opasos socrputu, u opasos-rpeqctasneuuu.
Tar rar opas ue otqeneua equuua socrputu unu rpeqctasneuu, ou opnupyetc us |o+me|cma,
|omopeu npedaecme,em eco nepeuea+us, to nouo qynate, +to uapyaeuu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpu
aasuu csuqetenectsykt o onee rnyorux usneueuux s rcuxu+ecrou cepe atux oneuMx, +en ato rpuuto
c+utate.
8ce ato qaet ocuosauueqn sMsoqa o ton, +to aasu ato ue usonuposauuoe uapyaeuue pe+u, a cuctenuMu
qeert roruutusuou qeteneuoctu, cssauuMu c uapyaeuuen u qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, u +to aasu
seqet r qesuuterpauu sceu rcuxu+ecrou cepM, s ton +ucne u nManeuu.
cuxonoru+ecruu cnosape / oq peq. 8. 8. asMqosa.V., 1983.C. 1 12.
lnaea VIII. hAPYUEhhE PEHEThbX 05PA30 PA3h0h H0Abh06Th Y 50bhbX 6 A4A3hEh
1. P05EHA h HET0hKA h66E0AhhP
aneueuaue uaau uccneqosauu Mnu uarpasneuM ua yto+ueuue tex sMsoqos, r rotopMn nM rpuanu rpu
usy+euuu yuruu uasMsauu rpeqnetos, orucauuMx uanu s rpeqMqyaeu rnase. C atou enek nM cosnectuo
c C. K. CusonarosMn', c oquou ctopouM, rpoqonunu uccneqosauue sputeneuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpu
qpyrux opnax aasuu (aepeutua notopua, quuanu+ecra u aepeutua notopua aasuu), a c qpyrou
ctopouM, nM roctasunu saqa+y usy+euu sorpocos o ponu noqaneuoctu opasa s ero uapyaeuuu u o ponu
opasa u ero noqaneuoctu s uapyaeuuu opasuoro nManeuu. oatony nM usy+anu: 1) opasM rarux
noqaneuocteu uapyaaktc rpu pasuMx opnax aasuu; 2) snukt nu ua ra+ectso artyanusauu opasa-
rpeqctasneuu pasnu+uMe noqaneuMe xapartepucturu rpeqneta; 3) unektc nu (u rarosM) ocoeuuoctu
uapyaeuu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpu pasuMx opnax aasuu u sasuct nu ouu u ot toruru ropaeuu
nosra.
ponena ron u noqaneuoctu opasos eae ueqoctato+uo paspaotaua s rcuxonoruu, xot -ua ueoxoqunocte
ee usy+euu yrasMsanu nuorue rcuxonru. lerotopMe uccneqosatenu c+utanu, +to s ctpyrtypy opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu s ton unu uuon cootuoaeuuu sxoqt sputeneuMe, cnyxosMe, tartuneuMe, oouteneuMe,
qsurateneuMe u qpyrue ronroueutM. lan rpeqctasnetc, +to, ro sceu sepotuoctu, opasuMe rpoeccM (ux
opnuposauue, artyanusau "u qp.) noryt sarycratec ussue ctunynanu nkou noqaneuoctu, a seqyayk
pone s rpoterauuu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu urpakt sputeneuMe ronroueutM, rotopMe s arcrepuneutaneuMx
ycnosux noryt Mte uauonee ronuo rpeqctasneuuMnu (sMsoqunMnu uapyy) u rotony Mte uuquratopanu,
rorasatennu coxpauuoctu, copnuposauuoctu u qpyrux opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpeqnetos (A. P. ypu, E.
Cairns, P. Call, 8. Jones, K. Connoly, H. L. Pick). oatony u s uaaen uccneqosauuu seqyaa pone
rpuuaqneut orMtan co sputeneuMnu opasanu.
1
8 ocuosy atou rnasM ronoeuM arcrepuneutaneuMe natepuanM rauquqatcrou qucceptauu C. K- Cusonarosa, sMronueuuou roq
pyrosoqctson astopa qauuou ruuru, u coctseuuMe arcrepuneutaneuMe u teopetu+ecrue natepuanM.
0coMu uutepec qn uac rpeqctasnet otne+aena enMn pqon uccneqosateneu sua+uteneua pone
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu s opnuposauuu, ycsoeuuu, rouunauuu u saronuuauuu pe+u, s uonuuatusuMx
rpoeccax (l. |. Xuuruu, |. . 8a+ecosa, A. P. ypu, A. A. knuucra, l. . Poseurapt-yrro, . 6. 3ne-
rouuu u qp.). 8 panrax uccneqosauu ponu u necta opasos-rpeqctasneuuu s pe+esou qeteneuoctu un Mno
qauo nuoro orpeqeneuuu: uocutene cnMcna u +ysctseuua oropa cnMcna cnosa, +ysctseuua ocuosa u
+ysctseuuMu arronraueneut, ceucopuMe onur, roq, atanou cnosa u nuorue qpyrue. lo uesasucuno ot
uassauu ytsepqaetc +eoxoduvocme +anuvu+ coxpa++ex opasoe-npedcmaene+uu dn+ +opvane+oco,
non+o(e++oco ,+|(uo+upoea+u+ pevu u, uaoopot, roq+eprusaetc, +to omdene++oe om |o+|pem+ou
v,ecmee++ou oc+oee cnoeo unu mep+emc+ cavo, unu mep+em ceou cvecn, t. e. tepet csok ronnyuuratusuyk
u roruutusuyk yuruu.
K uactoaeny speneuu s ueuporcuxonoruu u aasuonoruu tare uarorneuM orpeqeneuuMe qauuMe,
csuqetenectsykaue o cnouMx, qsyctopouuux cssx neqy rpeqnetuMnu opasanu u pe+ek (. F. 6anouos.
8. . ernuu; T. l. 6oposeuro, P. V. Vasrosa; . C. setrosa; l. l. Kanuta; l. Goodglass, M. Hyde, S. Blum-
stein; S. Kelter, R. Cohen; X. Seron, Van der Kaa).
ponena ssaunootuoaeuuu uapyaeuuu pe+u rpu aasuu c opasanu-rpeqctasneuunu peaanace s
ocuosuon s routercte onee oaeu rponenM uapyaeuu uasMsauu u rouunauu pe+u. | uaau coctseuuMe
uccneqosauu, orucauuMe sMae, tare Mnu sMronueuM s pycne usy+euu atou rponenM.
8 uerocpeqctseuuou cssu c roctasneuuou uanu rponenou uaxoqtc tare uccneqosauu tar uasMsaenou
noqaneuo-creuu+ecrou aasuu, ropuu rotopou yxoqt r paote K. -1peuqa, rocsaeuuou ortu+ecrou
aasuu. K. 1peuq orucan cny+au, rorqa oneuou c uapyaeuuen nesou teneuuo-satMno+uou onactu ue nor
uasMsate rpeqnetM, rpeqsneuuMe eny sputeneuo, uo ycreauo uasMsan ux, ecnu ouu rpeqsnnuce
tartuneuo. 3tot' cny+au astop u uassan ortu+ecrou aasueu.
la+uua c 60-x roqos uaaero ctonetu aasuonoru suose opatunuce r atou rponena, u uapyaeuue
uasMsauu ctano uccneqosatec rpu rpeqsneuuu rpeqnetos s pasuMx noqaneuoctx. . 3tuurep u V. /aur
ouapyunu, +to oneuMe qenakt ropasqo oneae oauor rpu uasMsauuu sputeneuo rpeqsnenMx
rpeqnetos, us +ero ouu cqenanu sMsoq, +to -aasu+ecrue uapyaeuu s uasMsauuu ue qonuM satparusate sce
noqaneuoctu. l. leasuuq u |. Karnau, uaoopot, orucanu cny+au, rorqa oneuMe c aasueu ue nornu
uassate rpeqnetM, rpeqsnenMe tartuneuo, rpu coxpauuoctu uasMsauu sputeneuMx u cnyxosMx rpeq-
netuMx ctunynos. 0. Crpuu, A, 6eutou, V. 3nnuu rorasanu, +to s oneauuctse cny+aes uasMsauue rpeqnetos
uapyaaetc oquuaroso rar rpu sputeneuon, tar u rpu tartuneuon rpeqsne-
uuu ctunyna. la ato yrasMsakt u paotM l. Cruunep u . 8uueono. Tarun opason, s sorpoce o noqaneuou
creuu+uoctu rpoec-ca uasMsauu uccneqosatenu pacrpeqenunuce, ro rpauueu nepe, ua qse rpyrrM.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
0cuosuMn sMsoqon us paot uccneqosateneu oq-uou rpyrrM snetc to, +to, xot roueru noqaneuo-
creu-u+ecroro uapyaeuu uasMsauu s ctporon cnMcne ue rony+una +etrou anrupu+ecrou roqqepru, ten
ue neuee nouo qynate. +to uerotopMe oneuMe c aasueu noryt rorasMsate, ro rpauueu nepe, +actu+uyk
quccouauk neqy ra+ectseuuMnu yposunu s uasMsauuu rpu rpeqsneuuu ctunynos pasuou noqaneuoctu.
8 rpotusoronouocte atony uccneqosauu, rposeqeuuMe qpyrou rpyrrou y+euMx, rorasanu, +to neqy turon
ctunyneuou rpe-seutauu u uasMsauuen neut noqaneuo-uecreuu+ecruu rpo-ecc.
Tarun opason, qauuMe oaercuxonoru+ecrux uccneqosauuu rossonkt rosopute o tecuon ssaunoqeuctsuu
sepaneuou u ue-sepaneuou (opasuou) cep s rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu +enosera, o ueoxoqunou cssu
pe+esMx rpoeccos c opasanu-rpeq-ctasneuunu, o canux opasax-rpeqctasneuux rar o ronunoqane-uMx
ronrnercax. Auanus pesynetatos creuaneuMx uccneqosa-uuu ro atou rponene roqtsepqun uqeu A. P. ypuu
u astopa ua-ctoaeu paotM, qorycrasaux, +to rpu uerotopMx opnax aa-suu noet rpoucxoqute
uapyaeuue ssaunoqeuctsu cnyxope+e-soro u sputeneuoro auanusatopos rpu ocnaneuuu coctseuuo
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu. 0uapyeuuoe y oneuMx c aasueu cuu euue crocouoctu uasMsauu, rpoxoqaee
+epes sce noqane-uoctu, uapyaeuue uesepaneuou cepM, pucyura, nerru u oco- euuo sMsneuuoe uanu
uapyaeuue +ysctseuuou ocuosM cnosa, a tare ussectuMe rurotesM . Vunnepa u A. Paivio o croco-uoctu
+enosera saronuuate cnosa rar raptuuuyk ranepek nMc-
neuuMx opasos u nMcneuuo roquposate sua+euu cnos rosso-nunu uan sMqsuuyte' rpeqronoeuue o
sosnouMx csoeopas-uMx uapyaeuux (unu usneueuux) pasnu+uMx ctopou cepM opasos-rpeqctasneuuu
rpu aasuu. Auanus nutepatypM u uaau coctseuuMe uccneqosauu qakt sosnouocte cqenate stopoe
rpeqronoeuue o ton, +to onee scero u repsu+uo cepa opasos rpeqctasneuuu ctpaqaet rpu aasux,
sosuurakaux rpu ropa-euuu suco+uMx u suco+uo-satMno+uMx onacteu ropM nesoro ronyaapu, xot y
pasuMx uccneqosateneu cyaectsykt pasuo-rnacu ro atony sorpocy. 8 rpeqMqyaeu rnase uanu orucauo oquo
us uccneqosauuu, s rotopon stopoe rpeqronoeuue ye rony+uno roqtsepqeuue. 8 atou e +actu uaaeu
paotM nM xotun eae pas, ye s qpyron arcrepuneute, s rotopon y+actsosanu oneuMe c pasuMnu opnanu
aasuu, rposepute ato ronoeuue. Auanus nutepatypM ro rasan, +to creuaneuoro usy+euu ra+ectseuuMx
pasnu+uu s ua-pyaeuux opasuou cepM rpu pasuMx opnax aasuu ue rpo-
C atou enek uanu Mna paspaotaua netoqura usy+euu ocoeuuocteu rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu
s ycnosux pasuMx ctpateruu ux artyanusauu, ua pasnu+uMx yposux u co ctopouM uecronerux noqaneuocteu.
Vetoqura coctona us 5 cepuu u uecronerux roqcepuu s I u V cepux.
8aqa+eu I (accouatusuou) cepuu sunoce uccneqosauue csooquMx u uarpasneuuMx accouauu sputeneuMx
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpeqnetos y oneuMx c aasueu. |sy+anace coxpauuocte sputeneuMx opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu u ocoeuuoctu ux quuanuru. puneunc netoq csooquoro pucosauu.
8 repsou roqcepuu (1.1) uccneqosanuce csooquMe sputeneuo-rpeqnetuMe rpeqctasneuu. 6oneuony
qasanace uuctpyru pucosate nkMe rpuxoqaue eny s ronosy peaneuMe oertM, ue uasMsa ux.
lapucosauuMe rpeqnetM uasMsanuce ucrMtyenMn tonero s roue orMta.
8o stopou roqcepuu (1.2) netoqon pucosauu uccneqosanuce uarpasneuuMe sputeneuMe opasM
(uarpasneuuMe accouauu). epeq ucrMtyenMn sMrnaqMsanace rapto+ra c orpeqeneuuMn pucyuron
(uarpunep, -c usopaeuuen ronuqopa), ua rotopyk rpocunu rpocto opatute suunauue. |uctpyru
qasanace tara e, rar u s repson orMte. Kapto+ra c pucyuron neana repeq ucrMtyenMn s te+euue scero
orMta. 8 atou cepuu orMtos nM rorMtanuce usy+ute croutauuo sosuurakaue rpeqnetuMe opasM-
rpeqctasneuu y oneuMx c aasueu, snuuue aasuu ua ronu+ectso u ra+ectso opasos, a tare u ua-
quuanury rpoecca rpoterauu rpeqnetuMx opasos s cutyauu csooquou u uarpasneuuou ctpateruu.
VM rpeqronounu, +to y oneuMx c aasueu usneueuo coqepauue, ronu+ectso u quuanura opasos u atu
qeertM s enon cssauM ue tonero c uapyaeuunu pe+u rpu aasux s enon, uo u co creuurou atux
uapyaeuuu. Ecnu rpeqronoeuue oraetc rpasuneuMn, to opasM-rpeqctasneuu u ux csooquoe te+euue
qonuM uapyaatec ro-pasuony,s sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu u rourpetuMe rcuxonoru+ecrue u
rcuxousuonoru+ecrue nexauusnM qeertos tare qonuM Mte pasnu+uMnu.
8 rocneqykaux tpex* cepux orMtos usy+anace pone pasnu+uMx noqaneuo-creuu+ecrux xapartepuctur
rpeqneta s soccosqauuu u artyanusauu ero opasa-rpeqctasneuu.
8aqa+a II (cnyxosou) cepuu coctona s uccneqosauuu crocouoctu oneuMx r artyanusauu opasa-
rpeqctasneuu rpeqneta ro ero ssyrosou xapartepucture netoqon rpocnyausauu cootsetctsykaux ssyros.
|crMtyenony rpeqnaranoce rpocnyaate orpeqeneuuyk ssyrosyk xapartepuctury rpeqneta unu sneuu u, ue
uasMsa, cpasy e sapucosate rpeqnet, opas-rpeqctasneuue rotoporo y uero sosuur. 8sy+auu rpeqnetos
roqasanuce +epes naruutoou ro nepe sasepaeuu sapucosMsauu rpeqMqyaero rpeqneta. 8pen roqa+u
ssyrosoro curuana coctas-
nno 58 ceryuq u Mno qoctato+uMn qn toro, +toM ysuate, rarou rpeqnet cssau c atun ssyron.
8 III (tartuneuou) cepuu uccneqosanace crocouocte oneuMx artyanusuposate ueoxoqunMu rpeqnetuMu
opas-rpeq-[ ctasneuue rpu oayrMsauuu rpeqnetos. |crMtyenony rpeqnaranoce s te+euue 5 ceryuq oayrate
raryk-nuo reonetpu+ecryk urypy unu peaneuMu rpeqnet u, ue uasMsa, sapucosate ero.
8 IV (sputeneuou) cepuu uccneqosanace crocouocte oneuMx r artyanusauu sputeneuoro opasa-
rpeqctasneuu rpeqneta netoqon qopucosMsauu aneneutos rpeqneta qo enoro. 8aqa+a ucrMtyenoro
coctona s rpupucosMsauuu r usopaeuuMn ua rapto+rax ronosuuran rpeqnetos ueqoctakaux +acteu.
8 V cepuu arcrepuneuta ctasunace saqa+a usy+euu crocouoctu oneuMx-c aasueu r auanusy u ooaeuuk
sputeneuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu +a pasnuv+ex ,poe++x s ycnosux ux uarpasneuuou ctpateruu. 3ta
saqa+a peaanace cneqykaun
'opason.
8 repsou roqcepuu (V.1) uccneqosanc pe+esou yposeue oprauusauu sputeneuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu
rpeqnetos, rpeqnetua otueceuuocte cnosa. puneunc netoq pucosauu rpeqnetos ro cnosy-
uauneuosauuk.
lesepaneuMu yposeue oprauusauu sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu paccnatpusanc u-a qsyx
roqyposux. 8o stopou roqcepuu (V.2) uccneqosanc actpartuMu uepe+esou roqyposeue; c atou enek
ucrMtyenony qasanoce saqauue qopucosate actpartuMe aneneutM qo sosnouo oneaero ronu+ectsa (nar-
;unaneuo qo 12) peaneuMx rpeqnetos. larpunep, ucrMtyeno-', rpeqsnnace rapto+ra c usopaeuuen
nonauou nuuuu, rotopyk nouo srnk+ute s^ pubyuor runM, nonuuu, rpyuuM, saopa u t. r. 8 ton cny+ae,
ecnu oneuou ue crpasnnc, saqauue oner+anoce uuctpyrueu srnk+ute aneneutM s nkMe, qae
[sMqynauuMe oertM.
8osnouocte oneuMx orepuposate rpeqctasneuunu ua rourpetuon uepe+eson roqyposue usy+anace
ro pesynetatan paotM ucrMtyenMx s rpeqMqyaeu IV cepuu, s rotopou qasanoce saqauue qopucosate
+ucto rourpetuMe aneneutM (usopaeuu [ronosuuor rpeqnetos), qo enoro rourpetuoro rpeqneta.
8 uccneqosauuu rpuunu y+actue: 1) oneuMe c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou, ceucopuou aasueu u
ronrnercuMnu uapyaeuunu ?(ceucopua rpyrra oneuMx); 2) oneuMe c aepeutuou, aepeutuou
aasueu u ronrnercuMnu notopuMnu uapyaeuunu (rpyr-;ra oneuMx c uapyaeuunu pe+u ro notopuony
tury); 3) oneuMe co cneaauuMnu, ceuconotopuMnu uapyaeuunu; 4) rpyrra [sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx.
Pacrpeqeneuue ucrMtyenMx so scex +etM-fpex rpyrrax ro sospactuony u opasosateneuony eusan ue uo-
Ecuno cyaectseuuMx otnu+uu. 0sateneuMnu ycnosunu qn y+a-[ctu s arcrepuneutax snnuce:
coxpauuocte sputeneuoro socrpu-
tu oneuMx u otcytctsue y uux rarux-nuo uapyaeuuu s rpoctpauctseuuou opueutuposre.
8a oauru s qopucosMsauuu rpeqnetos nM rpuuunanu ueronuMu, ueto+uMu pucyuor, s rotopon
otcytctsosanu xapartepuMe qn rpeqneta rpusuaru, aneneutM, qetanu, rossonkaue ysuate rpeqnet u
sMqenute ero.
oq nateutuMn repuoqon nM rouunanu spen ot sasepae uu sapucosMsauu oquoro rpeqneta qo ua+ana
sapucosMsauu cneqykaero.
8uunauue, yqenenoe uanu ronu+ectsy qucrpetuMx (tenatu +ecru ue cssauuMx c qpyrunu) pucyuros u
ronu+ectsy accoua susx opasuMx pqos unu ereu (ten) pucosauu, ue cny+auuo |ssectuMe
uccneqosauu csooquMx sepaneuMx accouauu ro rasanu, +to cnosa, uasMsaenMe s xoqe arcrepuneuta
sspocnMnu sqoposMnu ucrMtyenMnu, opasykt qoctato+uo +etrue accouatusuMe pqM. Tarue pesynetatM,
rar rpuuto c+utate, rosopu! o ctereuu ooaeuuoctu, rateropuaneuoctu, ctpyrtypuposauuoctu sepaneuo-
accouatusuo'u qeteneuoctu +enosera. Koue+uo, rpoterauuk opasuMx rpoeccos yqyt rpucyau csou
orpeqeneuuM! ocoeuuoctu, uo s enon, rar sMcuunoce ro pesynetatan arpo auu netoquru ua sspocnMx
'sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx u qetx pa:< nu+uMx sospactos
1
, orucauuMe teuqeuuu . coxpauktc qoctato+uo
ctporo, +to rossonet rposoqute ueoxoqunMe cpasueuu.
2. lAP/LEl|E PEVETlbX 06PA808-PECTA8El|| PA8l0| V0Abl0CT| / 60blbX C PA8lbV| 10PVAV|
A1A8||
lue oruaen pesynetatM arcrepuneutos. 8 I {accouatusuou) cepuu orMtos Mno ouapyeuo, +to rar o(ee
epev+ sMronuu uu saqauu, tar u cpequee nateutuoe spen y oneuMx c aasueu Mno sua+uteneuo sMae,
+en y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. / oneuMx c aepeutuou notopuou aasueu s cepuu orMtos co
csooquMnu accouaunu name+m+ee nepuode neqy, pucyuran!' u spen, rpuxoqaeec ua oquu pucyuor,-
sua+uteneuo oneae, +en y qpyrux rpyrr oneuMx. 0quaro s cepuu c uarpasneuuMnu accouaunu ato
pasnu+ue uc+esaet. 3tu qauuMe noryt rosopute o uapyaeuuu quuanuru rpoecca artyanusauu opasos, o
tpyq uoctx repernk+euu c oquoro opasa ua qpyrou, +to uaxoqutc . s cootsetctsuu c uapyaeuunu
pe+u, rpu rotopMx uueptuocte rposnetc ua yposue artyanusauu cnos. *
3dopoeee ucnem,evee sampavueanu +a a|m,anusa(us u pucoea+ue od+oco npedvema e cped+ev
15>.ce|,ScY4 one+ee c vomop+evu aasu+vu e cped+ev onee 3 vu+(m (om 1,5 do 5 vu+,m). +to
' Cn.: s e t r o s a . C, u p x a n a u a s u n u T. V. Pone sputeneuo!'
0
opasa s opnuposauuu pe+u y qeteu c pasnu+uMnu
opnanu ratonoruu// o
;
-anoru. - 1975.N 5.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
racaetc senu+uuM u ronu+ectsa nateutuMx repuoqos, to ro atony .rapanetpy rpyrrM oneuMx c aasueu
neqy coou pacrpeqenunuce cneqykaun opason: rpyrra oneuMx c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu uneet
neueaee ronu+ectso nateutuMx repuoqos, u ux qnuteneuocte s enon ropo+e, t. e. cpequee spen
octauosor y uux neueae, +en y oneuMx c ceucopuMnu u ronrnercuMnu opnanu aasuu, ocoeuuo c
arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu.
Ka+ectseuuMu auanus pucyuros, rotopMe Mnu uuquratopon coxpauuoctu unu uapyaeuu opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu, rorasan uanu+ue oauor y scex rpyrr oneuMx, oquaro ux ronu+ectso u ra+ectso Mnu
pasuMnu. Tar, y oneuMx c ce+cop+evu opvavu aasuu seqyaeu Mna ped,|(u+ omnuvumene+ex,
munuvec|ux vepm npedvema (ose|ma) u ,pae+uea+ue (,cped+e+ue) npus+a|oe npedvemoe e+,mpu
onpedene++oco ux |nacca (poda). larpunep, s cepuu orMtos, rqe repeq oneuMn ua ctone neana raptuura c
usopaeuuen ronuqopa u uuctpyru pucyute nkMe rpeqnetM, oneua c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou
aasueu uapucosana uecronero cosepaeuuo oquuarosMx pucyuros, uo c pasuMnu uassauunupera, suau,
ronuqop (puc. 19), a s pucyurax canoneta, ruceneuuoro ctona, +acos, teneoua, rnatuoro araa, qepesa u
qpyrux otcytctsykt tarue cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru u aneneutM rpeqneta, rar rpMne u xsoctosoe orepeuue y
canoneta, uoru u qsepM y araa, ctona, ctpenru y +acos, tpyra u auyp y teneoua,' setru u nucte y
qepesa u qp. pu rpocnotpe csoux pucyuros oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu ue sane+anu csoux
oauor u ue scerqa nornu uassate rpeqnet, rotopMu ouu uapucosanu (puc. 20). '
0rpeqeneuuMu uutepec rpeqctasnet auanus eepane+ex pea|(uu oneuMx s rpoecce pucosa.uu, rotopMu
rorasan oprauusykayk pone pe+u rpu pucosauuu rpeqnetos y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx u y oneuMx c
notopuMnu opnanu aasuu u otcytctsue atou ponu y oneuMx co cveaa++evu opvavu. Pe+e s atux cny-
+ax saneaaetc oeuo+uMn xapartepon (roxoe?, uet, ue roxoe, tar?, ue xopoao). Kpone toro,
con,mcme,s(a+ pucoea+us peve +eped|o veaana amou cp,nne one+ex, cueana one+oco, npueoduna |
npepeea+us pucoea+u+.
lauonee uutepecuMn snetc sepaneuoe roseqeuue oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu. Pe+e y uux
sMronuna uecronero yuruu. 8o-repsMx, oua otpaana ueratusuyk anououaneuyk pearuk ua saqauue u
ua csou sosnouoctu socrpoussectu rpeqnet s pucyure. 8 aton cny+ae rpeonaqanu tarue sMcrasMsauu, rar
ou, ue cnory, ue yqy. ovev,? A uu+ero ue suak, ue suy, ue yqy, uet uu+ero, uaspy, rnoxo
yqet u t. q. 8o-stopMx, s cny+ax, rorqa rpeqsaputeneuo uasMsanc rpeqnet, rotopMu oneuou rpeqronaran
uapucosate, pe+e oprauusosMsana artyanusauk opasa. 8-tpeteux, Mna rpyrra oneuMx c arycturo-
nuectu+ecrou aasueu (us rpyrrM oneuMx c ceucopuou aasueu), y rotopMx cnoso-uauneuosauue sosuurano

8|LlF
PEA

0V|0P
Puc, 19. Pucyuor oneuou c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasueu.

3EKTP06P|T8A
60T|l0K

X|80Tl0E
Puc. 20. Pucyuru oneuMx c.CeucopuMnu opnanu aasuu.
nuae ro orou+auuu pucosauu. 8 rpoecce e pucosauu raroro-nuo rpeqneta oneuMe +acto ua sorpoc mo
3e puc,eme? otse+anu: Eae ue suak. 8-+etseptMx, auanus corposoqakaeu pe+u ceucopuou rpyrrM
oneuMx csuqetenectsyet o uerpo+uoctu, equoctu, nequoctu u rnoaneuoctusosuurakaux opasos: ue
suak, ue rouny, ryqa qenoce, ceu+ac uauqy (rMtaetc pucosate qetanu rpeqneta u ero cyaectseuuMe
rpusuaru rocne toro, rar Mn uapucosau ooaeuuMu rpeqnet), saMn, +to-to ue rouny, +to sqece
uapucosate, +to-to sqece eae ecte, a +to, sot ue rouny (uapucosan tponneuyc, rar astoyc es torocen-
uuros), tyt suy, a tyt ue suy, ou, ner+e-cpucosate, uu+ero uet s ronose u t. q.
|utepec rpeqctasnet u crocouocte oneuMx r cuctenatusauu opasuoro nupa, a tare u ero aupota u
oratctso. Auanus rorasan, +to +auve+eaee |onuvecmeo mev eno , one+ex c ce+cop+evu opvavu
aasuu (13), +auoneaee c vomopnmvu (35), , sdopoeex 53. Konu+ectseuuMu auanus ten, ucrone-
syenMx sqoposMnu u oneuMnu ucrMtyenMnu, rorasan, +to ua
oquoro sqoposoro ucrMtyenoro rpuxoqutc 3,5 opuruuaneuMe tenM, s rpyrre notopuMx oneuMx 2,3 tenM, s
rpyrre co cneaauuMnu opnanu aasuu 1,0, s rpyrre ceucopuMx oneuMx 0,7 tenM. 8 (enov ec+ cp,nna
one+ex c aasueu (48 venoee|) no|asana no amov, napavemp, pes,nemam onee vev e 3,5 pasa +ue, vev e
+opve. 3tu qauuMe rosopt o cyeuuu rpeqnetuo-opasuoro nupa y oneuMx c aasueu u ro ronu+ectsy, u ro
pasuoopasuk rpeqnetuMx opasos.
8auMe qauuMe nM rony+unu rpu opaotre natepuana c to+ru speuu cuctenatusauu opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu, ux rnaccuurauu y oneuMx u y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. lpyrra sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx
ucronesyet rar oaue rpyruMe tenM (rnaccM) rpupoqa, oqeqa, tpaucropt u qp., artyanusupy opasM-
rpeqctasneuu s cootsetctsykaux pucyurax, tar u onee nenrue tenM, uo cssauuMe ro rarony-nuo
cenautu+ecrony rpusuary c onee rpyruMnu tenanu. Vouo crasate, +to y sqoposMx ucrM-rtyenMx xopoao
otquepeuuposau u qetanusosau ue tonero can rpeqnetuMu opas, uo u ero rateropuaneuMe u poqo-
suqosMe rpusuaru u cssu. 3dopoeee ucnem,evee, |pove moco, e npo(ecce pucoea+u+ xopoao nones,smc+
o(uv |o+me|cmov mex opasoe, |omopee o+u peanus,sm e puc,+|ax, o+u |a| e ,depueasm spumene+o
(en,s opas+,s |apmu+|,. 0tckqa u rosnktc s pucyurax rocneqosateneuo tarue tenM pucosauu:
roxoq, pMan-ra+ Kpacua rnoaaqe u qp. Tarun opason', y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx s rpoecce artyanusauu
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu ouapyusaktc canMe pasuMe ro rnyuue u aupote cenautu+ecrue opasuMe
ron, tpeykaue coxpauuoctu u yrotpeneuu oneaoro +ucna otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros u tourou
quepeuupos-ru rar ua yposue otqeneuoro rpeqneta, tar u ua rateropuaneuon yposue.
lu+ero roqouoro tuM ue ouapyunu y oneuMx c aasueu, ocoeuuo ato racaetc rpyrrM oneuMx c
ce+cop+evu aasu+vu, rotopMe ucronesykt s rpoecce artyanusauu opasos rpartu+ecru nuae |p,n+ee
|amecopuu, ue tpeykaue tourou que-,. peuuposru, qetanusuposauuoctu u rourpetuoctu. 8 ux pucyurax
omc,mcme,sm u podoeudoeee (cn. puc. 20) cp,nne. n oneuMx c vomop+evu aasu+vu, uaoopot,
xapartepua demanusa(u+ e puc,+|ax, uanu+ue rar M usonuposauuMx, otqeneuMx u secena qetanusosauuMx
raptuuor. 0quaro atu qetanusosauuMe raptuuru, sxoq s onee rpyruMe tenM, otpaakt s pucyurax rpu
aepeutuou notopuou aasuu cutyatusuMe cssu, rpu aepeutuou notopuou aasuu rateropuaneuMe.
8 cepuu c uarpasneuuou ussue ctpaterueu roucra u artyanusauu rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu y
oneuMx ouapyusaetc oaee cuueuue ronu+ectsa artyanusuposauuMx opasos ro cpasueuuk c uopnou,
uo oneaee cuueuue u sqece sanetuo rpu ceucopuMx opnax aasuu. lauoneaee ronu+ectso qucrpetuMx
(rar M cny+auuMx) u ue srnk+euuMx s routerct pucyuros
rpuxoqutc ua rpyrry ceucopuMx oneuMx. |sneuetc u cootuoaeuue neqy rpyrranu ro ronu+ectsy
opasuMx accouatusuMx pqos, ucronesosauuMx rpu sMronueuuu saqauu. o atony rorasatenk sce +etMpe
rpyrrM uepasnu+unM neqy coou, oquaro canu tenM ctauostc y oneuMx scex tpex rpyrr neuee ua-
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
ronueuuMnu, +en y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. 8qoposMe ucrMtyenMe ucronesykt s paote rar rpyruMe, oaue
tenM pucosauu (rpupoqa, oqeqa, tpaucropt), tar u onee nenrue, pacrpMsakaue coqepauue ooaeuuMx
rpyrr, yto+ukaue ux. 3rcrepuneut rorasan, +to sqoposMe ucrMtyenMe xopoao nMcneuuo yqepusanu
enoctuyk opasuyk raptuury, routerct, sapucosMsa ee ro +actn. 6oneuMe c notopuMnu opnanu
aasuu s nanou ctereuu ucronesykt oneaue tenM, a tare opasuMu routerct; u poqo-suqosMx rpyrr,
yto+ukaux otqeneuMe rateropuu, y uux sua+uteneuo neueae, +en rourpetuMx suqosMx. 6oneuMe co cne-
aauuMnu opnanu aasuu, s otnu+ue ot notopuMx oneuMx, eae s neueaeu ctereuu orupaktc ua
opasuMe nMcneuuMe raptuuru u, rar rpasuno, cneqykt nuae tenan, roqcrasauuMn un rapto+ranu c
usopaeuunu rpeqnetos. 6oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu ucronesykt nuae rpyruMe rateropuu,
ue tpeykaue tourou otquepeuuposauuoe, qetanuposauuoctu u rourpetuoctu. 0tcytctsykt s ux
pucyurax u poqo-suqosMe rpyrrM.
Auanus pesynetatos 2-u roqecpuu I cepuu rorasan, +to, c oquou ctopouM, ee|nadeeaeva+ neped ucnem,evev
|apmov|a c usopaeuuen rpeqneta u cana uuctpyru s orpeqeneuuou 'nepe yecto+akt panru sMronueuu
saqauu, eeod+m aneve+m o+samene+ocmu, nodvu+e+u+ npeds+en+evov, ' a|cnepuve+mane+ov,
vamepuan,. C qpyrou ctopouM, te e rpeqsaputeneuo rorasMsaenMe u uaxoqauec s rone speuu
ucrMtyenMx usopaeuu rpeqnetos noryt u onecvume sada+ue, sapa+ee nodc|aseea+ +anpaene+ue nouc|a
npedvem+ex opasoe-npedcmaene+uu, saqasa uerotopMu uaop opasuMx cenautu+ecrux roneu u ten
canMn cuctenatusupy paoty.
+to e rpoucxoqut ua canon qene? 8nuuue rarou ctopouM saqauu orasMsaetc rpesanupykaun?
8qoposMe ucrMtyenMe s oneauuctse cny+aes s ronuou nepe ucronesykt roqcrasry, narcunaneuo
sMpaatMsa cenautu+ecroe rone, s rotopoe sxoqut rpeqnet ua rapto+re. 8 cny+ae e uctoaeuu tarok
ron nerro repexoqt r rarun-nuo qpyrun, ycreauo saronu octasauec ua nucte rnepru.
6oneuMe c aasueu scex tpex rpyrr ro oneauuctsy rorasateneu yxyqaunu csou pesynetatM ro cpasueuuk c
pesynetatanu sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. 0+esuquo, qeno -tyt sarnk+aetc s ueqoctato+uou aupote u oratctse
ux opasuoro nupa, s cyeuuu oena opasos-rpeqctasneuuu u, rar cneqctsue, s onee Mctpon
uctoaeuuu saraca opasos-rpeqctasneuuu o rpeqnete (tar rar, uaronuun, ucrMtyenMe nornu saronute
rnetru ue tonero pucyuranu rpeqnetos us uyuoro cenautu+ecroro ron, a u nk-
Mnu qpyrunu), s pesron ouueuuu rpoeccyaneuo-quuanu+ecrux xapartepuctur opasuou rpeqnetuou cepM
(ronu+ectso u spen nateutuMx repuoqos) otuocuteneuo pesynetatos sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. K atony nouo
qoasute u xapartepuMe ctatu+uocte, nequocte, anououaneuyk uesMpasuteneuocte rpeqnetuMx pucyuros u
oayk opasuo-cenautu+ecryk ysocte y oneuMx scex rpyrr.
leoxoquno otnetute, +to, rar u s repson orMte, uauxyqaue cpequ scex rpyrr pesynetatM cuosa rorasMsakt
oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu. Tarou sMsoq roqtsepqaetc enMn pqon rar ronu+ectseuuMx,
tar u ra+ectseuuMx (xapartep oauor, pe+esMx pearuu, notusuposra otrasos, oaee rpauue ueratusuoe
otuoaeuue r arcrepuneuty) rorasateneu. lactyrakaee s rpoecce paotM uctoaeuue opasuo-rpeqnetuou
cepM y qauuMx oneuMx rposnetc tare u s ysenu+usakaenc ronu+ectse cpucosMsaenMx (us
orpyakaeu octauosru) rpeqnetos, +ero ue uankqanoce s onee rpatrospeneuuon repson orMte.
Tarun opason, s enon cpasuuteneuMu auanus rpeqnetuo-opasuMx accouauu, ux ra+ectsa, ronu+ectsa u
quuanuru y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx u oneuMx c aasueu rorasan rpeqe scero to, +to aasu ueratusuo
snuet ua cepy opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpu scex opnax aasuu opasua cepa uapyaeua, uo
rcuxonoru+ecrue u rcuxousuonoru+ecrue nexauusnM uapyaeuu pasuMe. Kpone toro, ratonoru+ecrue
usneueuu coqepauu u quuanuru opasos, ssaunosnuuu opasos u pe+u, rpu pasuMx opnax aasuu ue
oquuarosM.
Auanus rorasan, +to no ecev no|asamen+v +auonee cp,ee +ap,ae+u+ opasoe-npedcmaene+uu
o+ap,ueasmc+ npu a|,cmu-|o-v+ecmuvec|ou aasuu, n
Konu+ectseuuMu ^ra+ectseuuMu auanus paotM ucrMtyenMx s orMte ro soccosqauuk u artyanusauu
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu o rpeqnete ro ero se,|oeou xapa|mepucmu|e rorasan, +to pesynetatM y oneuMx
scex rpyrr ro scen sMqeneuuMn rapanetpan u sqece uue, +en y sqoposMx ucrMtyenMx. lauonee uusrue
pesynetatM otne+aktc y oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu. oqpouee octauosunc ua sMqeneuuMx
s aton orMte turax oauor s pucyurax oneuMx qauuou rpyrrM. Cqenate ato ten onee.sauo, +to ouu so
nuoron cosraqakt c xapartepuMnu ux oauranu s I cepuu (puc. 21).
8 repson cny+ae oneuMe, ytsepquteneuo rusuys s suar toro, +to ouu rounu, rarou rpeqnet un Mn
rpeqsneu ua cnyx, eqsa ua+as pucyuor, pocanu ero, t. e. rpartu+ecru sooae ue ronuunu, rar sMrnqut
rpeqnet. 8o stopon cny+ae oneuMe artyanusupykt u peanusykt s pucyure |Lb canMe oaue rpusuaru,
rpucyaue sceny rnaccy rpeqnetos, oquaro uauonee xapartepuMe poqo-suqosMe rpusuaru peqyuposanuce.
Kpone toro, nornu ypasuusatec neqy coou rpusuaru oertos ue oquoro rnac-
993

EX0TA
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AP003
ThA
Puc. 21. Pucyuru oneuMx c ceucopuou aasueu ro ssyrosony curuany.
ca, a tex, y rotopMx ecte oaue yuruouaneuMe rpusuaru (uarpunep, rtuM u canonet netakt, u
roatony pucyuru ux Mnu rpartu+ecru uqeutu+uMnu). onuno atoro nouo Mno suqete s enon sepuo
repeqauuMe s pucyure opasM rpeqnetos, oquaro es uerotopMx cyaectseuuMx qetaneu (uarpunep, +acM es
ctpenor). 0auranu nM c+utanu u rpeqctasnkaue ocoMu uutepec cny+au, rorqa oneuMe (rpu+en tonero c
ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu) s otset ua.ssyrosou curuan pucykt ue tot uneuuo oert, rotopony ou
uerocpeqctseuuo rpuuaqneut, a accouatusuo cssauuMu c uun qpyrou rpeqnet, uasosen ero routerctuMu
opas. larpunep, s otset ua rpeqnetuMu ssyr ayn rpoesakaeu naauuM oneuou uapucosan csetoop, s
otset ua reuue necuMx rtu reusa c perou, qepeson, uo es neca u rtu. 8osnouo, +to ua yposue
opasosrrpeqctasneuuu o rpeqnete y oneuMx uapyaaetc cenertusuocte us-sa qeertos sM+neueuu
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros cutyauu, cosqasaenou ssyron, +to rposnetc s raparuosux opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu, rotopMe ua yposue pucyura rposnktc, s csok o+epeqe, s rpeqnetuMx
224
raparuosux, a ua yposue cnosa s sepaneuMx rapaasux. 0quaro atot e natepuan noet
csuqetenectsosate o coxpauuoctu y atou rpyrrM oneuMx routercta opasos, cnMcnosoro ron, c qpyrou
ctopouM, atot natepuan eae pas roqtsepqun uaau sMsoqM, cqenauuMe sMae (cn. rn. IV), o ton, +to opas ue
tonero sputeneuou noqaneuoctu, rar nM rucanu sMae, uo u ssyrosou ue snetc usonuposauuMn, a
uaxoqutc s routercte. 0quaro routerct y atou rpyrrM oneuMx troteet onee r cutyatusuMn
(yuruouaneuMn) cssn, +en r rateropuaneuMn.
Xot ro ronu+ectsy otrasos u pe+esMx pearuu pesynetatM oneuMx tpex rpyrr ue pasnu+aktc,
ra+ectseuuMu auanus suocut cyaectseuuMe qoronueuu. 6oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu
corposoqakt csou otrasM s roqasnkaen oneauuctse cny+aes cneqykaunu ronneutapunu: ly sot,
suak, a sMcro+uno, VM+ut, suak, a +to crepequ, +to csaqu uet, /aen ro qopore u uet ero, ue suy.
/ oneuMx c notopuMnu u cneaauuMnu opnanu xapartep sMcrasMsauuu neuetc: lasepuoe, ue cnory
rpacuso tar, le rpocto ato, Conose uaqo unu ryryary, sce cpasy nuoro, sot uaqo, atara uqet, con-
qatM raqakt, cnouo. puseqeuuMe rpunepM rosopt o otcytctsuu , one+ex c ce+cop+evu opvavu
aasuu aqersatuoro rpeqnetuony ssy+auuk opasa-rpeqctasneuu, o suou satpyqueuuoctu rpoecca ero
artyanusauu. 8osuurakauu y uux opas vacmo omnuvaemc+ duus+ocmes, +enpov+ocmes u
+ecmou|ocmes. /|m,anusa(u+ |o+|pem+oco opasa save(aemc+ ecnneea+uev cnoane+oco opasa es ero
otnu+uteneuMx suqosMx rpusuaros unu artyanusaueu enoro routercta. n+ cp,nn one+ex c vomop+evu
opvavu aasuu, +aoopom, xapa|mep+a a|m,anusa(u+ |o+|pem+ex edu+uv+ex opasoe u omc,mcmeue
cnoane+ex, oo(e++ex opasoe. 0 aton csuqetenectsykt-u pucyuru, u sepaneuMe pearuu oneuMx s
otset net ssyrosMe ctunynM.
Pe+esMe rposneuu oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu srnk+anu s ce s repsyk o+epeqe unutauk
ssyros. 8o-stopMx, snecto rpnoro cnosa-uauneuosauu uyuoro oerta oneuMe uasMsanu cnoso-rpequrat
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
(cra+et, naet, rna+et), cnoso-orpeqeneuue (cuneuMu, entMu, sna). Kpone atux cny+aes,
oneuMe, yqy+u ue s cunax rpasuneuo sMqenute ueoxoqunMu rpeqnet so sueauen pe+eson rnaue, rar- M
sMqennu ero suytpu ce, ytsepqa ato cneqykaunu sMcrasMsauunu: F suak ato, 3to yqet, Ecte
y neu u t. r. K roqouMn rorMtran oneuMx rar-to sMqenute, natepuanusosate pucyenMu rpeqnet nouo
otuectu u uanu+ue ectos, yuruouaneuo xapartepusykaux rpeqnet, u nunuru. leoxoquno otnetute suoe
oaee pe+esoe ousneuue oneuMx .atou rpyrrM s cutyauu orMta.
VM suqun, +to u s atux orMtax ua uccneqosauue opasos cnyxosou (ssyrosou) noqaneuoctu y oneuMx c
ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu opnupyetc rnoaneuMu opas, rotopMu ua yposue pe+u orucMsaetc unu
ryten sMqeneuu oaux rpusuaros rpeq-
neta u yuruouaneuMx ero xapartepuctur, uo cnosa-uauneuosauu rpu aton ue sosuurakt, rar ato
otne+anoce s sputeneuMx cepux u s saqauux, tpeykaux uasMsauu rpeqnetos.
8epaneuMe pearuu (unu cnosa-sanectutenu) tar e, rar s sputeneuou cepuu, qentc ua tpu rpyrrM: 1)
saneaeuue ucronoro cnosa rnaronon (qeuctsuen, rotopoe atot rpeqnet cosepaaet); 2) rpunarateneuMn,
oosua+akaun ra+ectso rpeqneta; 3) cnoson-uauneuosauuen, nusrun ro cnMcny.
/ oneuMx c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu ua yposue pe+u artyanusupyktc cutyatusuMe cssu (rna+
peeurayra+usate uaqo, cra+et noaaqe oreu u qp.), uo +aae scero s otset ua ssyrosou ctunyn y
atux oneuMx sosuuranu ue ooaeuuMe, rnoaneuMe opasM, rar y oneuMx c ceucopuMnu aasunu, a
+etrue u ysrorourpetuMe opasM (ayn roesqa anertpu+ra, ayn rponetakaero canoneta
ryrypysuur u rp.).
8 orpeqeneuuou cssu c tarunu sneuunu uaxoqtc u uecronero uuMe (uo o+eue +acto sctpe+akauec)
cny+au, rorqa oneuMe uasMsakt ue ucronMu rpeqnet, a qpyrou, uaxoqauuc c uun s oquon cenautu+ecron-,
cutyatusuon rone. larpunep, s otset ua rpeqnetuMe aynM: nM+auue roposM nonoro, rpur retyxa
paccset, ctyr,-, rorMt noaaqu oreu, rpoesakauu tpansau cuqeue u t. r. / oneuMx
_otne+aktc u cny+au ectosoro oopnneuu artyanusauu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu. Pe+esMe pearuu
oneuMx co cneaauuMnu opnanu aa: suu srnk+anu s ce rpeqsaputeneuoe uasMsauue, pearuu tura
roxoe?, nouo tar?, otpaakaue uerotopyk ueysepeuuocte oneuMx s cutyauu orMta, a tare-tura
qa!, suak, routuo!, rosnkauec, rar u s cny+ax c ceucopuMnu oneuMnu, ro+tu repeq raqMn
pucyuron.
8 cepuu orMtos ro soccosqauuk ueoxoqunoro rpeqnetuoro opasa-rpeqctasneuu ro ero ma|mune+ou
xapa|mepucmu|e uauoneaee +ucno oauor suose cqenanu oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu.
leoxoquno otnetute, +to sce oneuMe nerro orosuasanu rpeqsnenMe un rpeqnetM u ua yposue pe+u
orucMsanu ux yuruouaneuMe rpusuaru^ a oauru rosnnuce ua yposue artyanusauu u peanusauu s
pucyure sosuuraero opasa-rpeqctasneuu u rpu ero uauneuosauuu. 0 rnoaneuon xapartepe opasa rosopt
cny+au nuae +actu+uoro rpasuneuoro socrpousseqeuu rpeqneta s pucyure rpu sepuou repeqa+e oaeu
rouurypauu, rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctu, ocuosuMx xapartepuctur; pucyuru nuaeuM nuorux unesauxc
qetaneu. Tpyquoctu qpyroro poqa sarnk+anuce ue ctonero s uectouroctu ye sosuuraero opasa-
rpeqctasneuu, cronero s tpyquoctx ero artyanusauu, sosnouo, scneqctsue usua+aneuou ero qeertuoctu.
oatony s atux cny+ax ua pucyurax nouo suqete ue rpocto ueto+uo usopaeuuMe rpeqnetM, a otcytctsue
y uux ocuosuMx, xapartepuMx rpusuaros. 0auranu tpeteero poqa y oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu
aasuu sunuce tar uasMsaenMe rpu-
nutusuMe (qetcrue) pucyuru, qo rpeqena sMxonoaeuuMe u yrpoaeuuMe.
/ oneuMx qpyrux rpyrr sctpe+anuce oauru nuae repsoro poqa, oauru tpeteero poqa uankqanuce tonero y
oneuMx cneaauuou rpyrrM.
Xapartep otrasos y oneuMx scex rpyrr octaetc s ocuosuon tarun e, rar u s repson orMte. 8 rpyrre
oneuMx c ceucopuMnu upnanu aasuu ocoeuuo +acto sctpe+aktc ocueuu tura ue suy, ye
saMn, +ysctsyk, a ue nory uapucosate. |utepecuo, +to roqouMe sMcrasMsauu sa+actyk corposoqa-
nuce ocueuuen yuruouaneuou sua+unoctu rpeqneta, natepuanos, us rotopMx ou cqenau, uo ue
sasepaanuce uu rpasuneuMn uasMsauuen, uu sapucosMsauuen.
Ka+ectseuuMu auanus pe+esMx pearuu rorasan, +to oneuMe c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu, ue uasMsa can
rpeqnet, ctpentc r eae oneaeny yto+ueuuk, rourpetusauu ero, uarpu-nnep: nora qn ronrota,
+auua, cocra qetcra, pesuuosa, +acM py+uMe, rnk+ ctapMu eae. 6oneuMe co
cneaauuMnu uapyaeuunu otnu+aktc s ocuosuon tar uasMsaenMn sorpocuteneuMn uasMsauuen
(crperra?, ryrosua? u t. r.). 6oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu, opaaace r arcrepuneutatopy,
rar M ctpenunuce narcunaneuo yrpoctute qn ce saqauue: rpocto rnk+ uapucyk, rarou suak, rycte tar
rpocto yqet, to+uo seqe ue sauo? u t. r. 3tu pe+esMe pearuu noryt rosopute o uanu+uu y oneuMx
rnoaneuoro opasa u uapymeu rourpetuoro.
|cxoq us auanusa rony+euuoro natepuana nouo crasate, +to saqauue sMsuno y oneuMx ceucopuou rpyrrM
ue rpocto rnoaneuocte, pacrnMs+atocte opasa-rpeqctasneuu, a peqyruk s uen ocuosuMx, xapartepuMx
rpusuaros rpeqnetos u qeertM ux artyanusauu.
pu rpeqsneuuu ctunynos tartuneuou noqaneuoctu y one-l1.[\ c ceucopuMnu u notopuMnu opnanu
aasuu nM ouapyunu s enon te e sarouonepuoctu uapyaeuu rpeqnetuMx opasos, oquaro pearuu
oneuMx ua tartuneuMe pasqpautenu unekt u* cyaectseuuMe otnu+u.
pu scex opnax aasuu onee coxpauuMn orasanoce ysua-I sauue rpeqnetos ro ux tartuneuou
xapartepucture. 3ta otuocuteneuo oneaa coxpauuocte repertusuoro opasa y oneuMx c notopuMnu
opnanu aasuu orasMsana ronouteneuoe snuuue ua cropocte artyanusauu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, c
oquou ctopouM, u eae onee rourpetusuposana artyanusuposauuMe opasM-rpeqctasneuu, cqenana ux eae
onee ysrorpeqnetuMnu n c qpyrou. pu ceucopuMx opnax aasuu ysuasauue, rasanoce M,
tare Mno ny+ae Mctpee, uo tonero suytpu routercta unu yuruouaneuMx xapartepuctur rpeqneta
(puc. 22).
8 cepuu orMtos ro artyanusauu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpeqnetos ro ux spumene+ou xapa|mepucmu|e
oneuMe c ceucopuMnu



C0CKA +ACb KPECT
Puc- 22. Pucyuru oneuMx c ceucopuou aasueu ro tartuneuony curuany.
opnanu aasuu suose ucrMtMsakt oneaue, +en oneuMe qpyrux rpyrr, tpyquoctu, oquaro pasnu+u sqece
rposnktc nuae rpu ra+ectseuuon auanuse pe+esMx pearuu u notusuposru otrasos (rotopMe Mnu s
ocuosuon auanoru+uM ten e rorasatenn s rpeqMqyaux orMtax). 6ymecsosana nuae pasuua: ro
cpasueuuk c rpeqMqyaunu orMtanu oneuMe c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu s csoux pe+esMx pearux ye
ue ctpenunuce r sosnouo oneaeu rourpetusauu rpeqneta. |cxoq us rony+euuMx s repsMx orMtax artos
ot oneuMx atou rpyrrM s otset ua sputeneuoe rpeqsneuue rapto+ru c usopaeuuen, uarpunep, astoyca
(ero ronosuuM) nM ouqanu ycnMaate: raccaupcruu, ctapMu u t. r., oquaro atoro ue rpoucxoquno. o
sceu sepotuoctu, sputeneuoe rpeqsneuue qae ronosuuM rpeqneta ue tpeosano pe+esou oprauusauu
qn artyanusauu rourpetuoro opasa-rpeqctasneuu.
o pe+esMn pearun oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu-aasuu nouo Mno cuosa cyqute o ucrMtMsaenMx
unu oneaux tpyquoctx (ue nory tar, ue suak, rar qaneae) u s aton orMte II cepuu. Kpone toro, y qauuMx
oneuMx sctpe+anuce cny+au oauor s ysuasauuu rpeqnetos.
Auanus, pesynetatos scex cepuu 3rcrepuneuta rorasan cneqykaee. 8qoposMe ucrMtyenMe artyanusupykt u
peanusykt s pucyurax enoctuMu opas-rpeqctasneuue rpeqneta oquuaroso ycreauo ro nkou us ero
noqaneuMx xapartepuctur. 6oneuMe c aasueu raqou rpyrrM s pasnu+uMx cepux-orMtos qeuctsykt c
pasnu+uou ctereuek ycreauoctu. 8 enon uauonee tpyquMn qn scex oneuMx c aasueu orasanoce
saqauue ro artyanusauu u soccosqauuk opasa-rpeqctasneuu ro ssyrosou xapartepucture rpeqneta, a
uauonee nerrunu ro ero sputeneuou u tartuneuou xapartepucturan. 8 to e spen ycreauocte
sMronueuu saqauuu s pasuMx cepux oneuMnu raqou rpyrrM pasua. 6oneuMe c ceucopuMnu opnanu
aasuu so scex orMtax artyanusupykt u soccosqakt s pucyure rnoaneuMu opas-rpeqctasneuue u ro
ssy+auuk, u ro cnosy-uauneuosauuk, xot ue Mno rpartu-
+ecru uu oquoro cny+a uerouunauu rpeqsnenoro rourpetuoro cnosa.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
6oneuMe c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu s enon sua+uteneuo tpyquee artyanusupykt opas-rpeqctasneuue
nuae ro oquou, ssyrosou xapartepucture rpeqneta.
/ oneuMx co cneaauuMnu opnanu aasuu uankqaetc s ocuosuon oquuarosMu yposeue tpyquoctu rpu
sMronueuuu scex saqauuu.
/+et roqouMx ocoeuuocteu, rorasMsakaux pasnu+uyk pone noqaneuo-creuu+ecrux xapartepuctur
ctunyna qn artyanusauu u peanusauu s pucyure enoctuoro rpeqnetuoro opasa-rpeqctasneuu, noet
rocnyute ocuosou qn paspaotru uosMx rpuenos quaruoctu+ecrou u socctauosuteneuou paotM rpu pasuMx
opnax aasuu.
8aqa+eu rocnequeu, V cepuu orMtos Mno uccneqosauue crocouoctu oneuMx r artyanusauu opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu ua .pasnu+uMx yposux ux oprauusauu: uesepaneuon rourpetuon u actpartuon (ro
saqauuou rourpetuou unu actpartuou +actu pucyura), sepaneuon rourpetuon u actpartuon (ro cnosy-
uauneuosauuk rourpetuoro rpeqneta u ooaeuuony unu actpartuony cnosy).
8qece nM rony+unu cneqykaue pesynetatM. la rourpetuon pe+eson yposue crertp qeertos rpeqnetuMx
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu y oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu qosoneuo aupor: crnausauue poqo-
suqosMx rpusuaros suytpu oquoro rnacca; ytep nuorux xapartepuctur, yuruouaneuo sua+unMx rpu-
suaros; cenautu+ecrue oauru u saneuM ua opasuon yposue (snecto ycnMaauuMx senocureq u ropane
pucosauue cootsetctseuuo naauuM u seceneuou noqru c pMaron). 8ce atu qeertM s opasuou cepe
unukt ua artyanusauk oneuMnu uyuoro cnosa, +to rposnetc s: 1) routanuuaux cnos; 2) saneuax
rourpetuoro cnosa-uauneuosauu orucauuen yuruouaneuMx xapartepuctur rpeqneta; 3) sepaneuMx
saneuax oquoro cnosa qpyrun us toro e cenautu+ecroro ron.
6oneuMn octaneuMx rpyrr rpucyau sMraqeuue uerotopMx sua+unMx yuruouaneuMx +acteu rpeqneta
(notopua u cneaauua rpyrrM) u qetcroe pucosauue (cneaauua rpyrra).
peqctasnet uutepec ra+ectseuua ctopoua otrasos oneuMx ot paotM s atux orMtax. 6oneuMe ceucopuou
rpyrrM ro-rpeueny ccMnaktc ua csok rnoxyk rante. 0trasM oneuMx c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu s
ocuosuon rpoucxoqt ro tou rpu+uue, +to ouu uactpoeuM ua pucosauue aconktuo rourpetuoro rpeqneta.
larpunep, otrasMsace pucosate naauuy, oneuou rosoput: raryk, cto pasuMx ecte (unu rarou roesq?,
qsepe co cternanu?). 3tu rpunepM rosopt o usneueuuu y oneuMx yposu ooaeuu cnosa s ctopouy ero
cuueuu, a tare o uapyaeuuu rnoaneuoro opasa. Vouo qynate, +to npu vomop+ou aasuu +ap,aaemc+
cnoane+eu opas u +usaeco, u eee-
aeco u+mecpamue+uco nop+d|a, a ocmaemc+ coxpa++ev |o+|pem+eu opas |o+|pem+oco npedvema. Vouo
rpeqronoute, +to rpu ropaeuuu repequeu pe+esou souM +ap,aaemc+ cvecnoeou |o+me|cm, s rotopon
uaxoqutc u us rotoporo ussneraetc opas, unu +eeepanusoea++ee cvecne (ro 0, K- Tuxonuposy), otckqa
uqyt uapyaeuu u ux quuanuru u oratctsa. 8 aton cny+ae opas ytpa+usaet csok nuorosua+uocte, rotopa ua
yposue pe+u rposnetc s cyeuuu cootsetctsykaux eny sua.+euuu cnos, s ytpate rateropuaneuMx csseu u
s rpeonaqauuu cutyatusuMx.
3tu pesynetatM uaxoqtc s cootsetctsuu c orucauuMnu s qpyrux uaaux uccneqosauux artanu uapyaeuu
rouu-nauu cnos rpu aepeutuou notopuou aasuu scneqctsue cyeuu sua+euu u sosuurakaeu
cutyatusuoctu cnos. 6oneuMe co cneaauuMnu opnanu aasuu +acto corposoqakt pucosauue pac-
cyqeuunu o ton, rar rpasuneuo sapucosate tot unu uuou rpeqnet, rpone toro, ro uecronery pas rostopkt
cnoso-uauneuosauue. Ecnu ue paspeaute oneuMn atoro qenate, to cneqyet otras ot paotM.
+to racaetc pe+esMx pearuu* to y oneuMx ceucopuou rpyrrM ouu uoct saneaakauu u
roucrosMuxapartep, y notopuMx oneuMx rpeqsaputeneuo oosua+akauu, rourpetusupykauu, a qn
oneuMx co cneaauuMnu opnanu cnyat cpeqctson u crocoon artyanusauu aqersatuoro rpeqnetuoro
opasa-rpeqctasneuu.
pu paote ua actpartuon uepe+eson yposue canoe oneaoe +ucno oauor cqenanu oneuMe c ceucopuMnu
opnanu aasuu. lauonee xapartepuMnu oauranu atux oneuMx sunuce:
1) nexauu+ecroe repepucosMsauue aneneuta, es qoronueuuu;
2) usneueuue rpoctpauctseuuoro pacronoeuu aneneuta, es qoronueuuu; 3) rpupucosMsauue r
aneneuty uerourpetuMx, uu+ero ue sua+aaux u ue uecyaux cenautu+ecrou uarpysru qoronueuuu; 4)
qopucosMsauue aneneuta ue qo rourpetuou, a qo actpartuou urypM; 5) ue qoronueuue aneneuta, a,
uaoopot, orycrauue uerotopMx ero +acteu c enek rpuqauu eny canoro oaero, otqaneuuoro cxoqctsa c
rpeqneton unu .c rnaccon rpeqnetos.
launeueaee ronu+ectso otrasos uankqanoce y oneuMx notopuou rpyrrM, uauoneaee y ceucopuMx
oneuMx. /e ro notusuposre otrasos cuo, *+to atot orMt sunc qn oneuMx ceucopuou rpyrrM canMn
cnouMn us scex rpeqMqyaux: uy coscen uet uu+ero, qae ue suak, tan (unektc s suqy rpo qMqyaue
cepuu) suan, sqece uet!, uu ua. +to ue roxoe, atoro uet uurqe. Pe+esMe pearuu oneuMx atou rpyrrM
uoct cynypuMu* ueuarpasneuuMu xapartep. 8rnk+euue pe+u ronoraet oneuMn c notopuMnu opnanu
aasuu. |x sMcrasMsauu uoct xapartep yto+ueuu. +actM cny+au rpeqsaputeneuoro uasMsauu rpeqneta.
PesynetatM paotM oneuMx c ceucopuMnu opnanu aasuu ua rourpetuon uepe+eson yposue ue
otnu+aktc ctone sanetuo
ot pesynetatos qpyrux rpyrr, rar ato Mno s rpeqMqyaux orMtax. 6oneuMe ceucopuou rpyrrM cqenanu
sua+uteneuo oneae oauor nuae ro cpasueuuk c oneuMnu notopuou rpyrrM.
3. 06C/XEl|E PE8/bTAT08 |CCE08Al|F
8 rpeqMqyaeu rnase orucaua oqua us repsMx paot astopa, uarpasneuuMx ua usy+euue rpeqnetuoro opasa u
ero uapyaeuu rpu aasuu
1
. 8 atou paote nM rorasanu, +to s ocuose arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasuu,
sosuurakaeu rpu ropaeuuu cpequeu suco+uou ussunuuM nesoro ronyaapu, neut uapyaeuue sputeneuoro
rpeqnetuoro opasa, rotopoe stopu+uo sMsMsaet uapyaeuue uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u, t. e. uasMsauue
rpeqnetos (oertos, sneuuu). VM ouapyunu, +to ocuosuMn qeerton snnoce uesM+neueuue oneuMnu
otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros rpeqnetos rpu ux socrputuu u rpu artyanusauu opasos, uo y uux coxpaunc
ooaeuuMu rnoaneuMu opas. oqoua raptuua u nexauusnM uapyaeuu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u M-
nu ouapyeuM u rpu ropaeuuu saque- u uuuesuco+uMx rnkc repeque-satMno+uMx onacteu
(anuectu+ecra aasu). la ocuose rony+euuMx qauuMx rorasauo, +to uapyaeuu artyanusauu
otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros rpeqnetos, a tare u qeertM ux sM+neueuu s rpoecce sputeneuoro socrputu
ua yposue pe+u rpu aasuu rposnktc s qeertax sepaneuou usupateneuoctu. 8cneqctsue atoro sce
cenautu+ecru nusrue cnosa ctauostc pasuosepotuMnu, a artyanusau uyuoro cnosa saneaaetc
repeopon cnos us oquou cenautu+ecrou rpyrrM. 8ce ato csuqetenectsyet o tecuon u cnouon
ssaunoqeuctsuu rpeqnetuoro opasa sputeneuou noqaneuoctu c pe+ek, co cnoson, c ero cnMcnon u
sua+euuen.
8 cepuu rocneqykaux arcrepuneutos, orucauuMx ye s uactoaeu rnase, uanu Mno ouapyeuo, +to
sputeneuMu rpeqnetuMu opas-rpeqctasneuue uapyaaetc ue tonero rpu arycturo-nuectu+ecrou u
anuectu+ecrou P
nax
aasuu, uo u rpu scex qpyrux opnax, us +ero cneqyet, +to aasu s enon cssaua c
uapyaeuuen u opasa socrputu, u opasa-rpeqctasneuu. 6Mno rorasauo tare, +to uapyaaetc opas ue
tonero sputeneuou, uo u qpyrux noqaneuocteu cnyxosou, tartuneuou. 3to ctauosutc routuMn, ecnu
scronuute ronoeuue, sMqsuuytoe A. l. eouteesMn, o ton, +to rpeqnet snetc ysnon csoucts, a opas
snetc ysnon noqaneuMx oayaeuuu, rotopMe rpeqctasnkt coou ue nexauu+ecruu uaop, a cucteny
noqaneuocteu. nve++o noamov, +ap,ae+ue opasa-npedcmaene+u+ |a|ou-nuo od+ou vodane+ocmu u +e
ocmaemc+ usonupoea++ev, o+o +eus-
1
0ua rocnyuna ua+anon urna rocneqykaux paot ro atou rponene astopa c ee y+euuranu u cotpyquuranu (l. V. 6Mrosou, l. l.
Kanutou, T. V. Kysueosou, C. K. CusonarosMn u qp.).
231
e+o eedem | cucmev+ov, ae|m, | +ap,ae+us opasa dp,cux vodane+ocmeu unu | +ap,ae+us ececo
,sna vodane+ex o(,(e+uu. pu aton, rar rorasanu orMtM, uauoneaue tpyquoctu qn artyanusauu opasos
rpu scex opnax aasuu sMsMsaet ssyrosa opna rpeqctasneuuoctu rpeqnetuoro ctunyna, a uau-
neueaue tartuneua opna. 8ce ato qaet ocuosauue rosopute o uapyaeuuu opasa rpu aasuu s enon,
uesasucuno ot ero noqaneuoctu. lauonee rpyo u ot+etnuso opas-rpeqctasneuue uapyaaetc rpu
ropaeuuu suco+uMx u teneuuo-suco+uo-satM-no+uMx sou nosra, t. e. rpu ceucopuMx opnax aasuu.
3rcrepuneutM rossonunu ysuqete, +to rpeqnetuMu opas rpu aasuu uapyaaetc u rar nuoroyposuesoe
opasosauue. PasuMe ctpyrtypuMe u yuruouaneuMe yposuu uapyaaktc ro-pasuony u sasuct ot toruru
ropaeuu nosra, ot opnM aasuu. 6Mno ouapyeuo, +to y oneuMx c notopuMnu opnanu aasuu
(rpeunyaectseuuo c aepeutuou notopuou aasueu) opasM-rpeqctasneuu uapyaeuM s enon u s
oneaeu ctereuu ua ctyreuu artyanusauu rnoaneuoro opasa ua pasuMx yposux ero ooaeuu.
0tuocuteneuo onee coxpauuMn octaetc yposeue rourpetuoro rpeqnetuoro opasa.
pu ceucopuMx opnax aasuu (arycturo-nuectu+ecrou, ceucopuou, anuectu+ecrou), uaoopot, uapyaaetc
yposeue rourpetuoro opasa c ero cyaectseuuMnu rpusuaranu u octaktc coxpauuMnu yposuu rnoaneuoro
opasa. 8 pe+u atu qeertM penesautuM uapyaeuun nercuru ro tury sepaneuMx rapaasuu, t. e. saneuM
ucronoro cnosa nusrun ro cnMcny.
laa natepuan tare roqtsepqun ronoeuue o ton, +to rpeqnetuMu opas u rpu ero opnuposauuu (opas
socrputu), u rpu ero artyanusauu (opas-rpeqctasneuue) ue snetc usonuposauuMn, otopsauuMn ot
enoctuoro routercta. 0quaro atot routerct u cenautu+ecrue- ron opasos ue octaktc coxpauuMnu rpu
aasuu, qeertM rposnktc s oneaon ronu+ectse qucrpetuMx, cenautu+ecru ue cssauuMx pucyuros, s
cyeuuu oaero oena pucyuros (artyanusuposauuMx opasos), s qesoprauusauu cenautu+ecrux opasuMx
roneu u cenautu+ecrux csseu neqy otqeneuMnu rpyrranu pucyuros, s sosspatax r ye otpaotauuMn
rpyrran pucyuros u t. q. Tara qesoprauusau rpeqnetuo-opasuoro routercta u cenautu+ecrux roneu
ocoeuuo xapartepua qn ceucopuMx opn aasuu, a qn aepeutuou notopuou aasuu rpucyau
uueptuocte, uapyaeuue quuanuru s artyanusauu opasos, cuueuue ux oaer+) oena, pasuoopasu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
(oratctsa).
Tarun opason, vo+o d,vame, vmo npu aasu+x +a ,poe+e pevu eos+u|asm +ap,ae+u+ u+mpaeepane+ex?
ce+seu, a +a ,poe+e opasoe u+mpaopas+ex.
Auanus atoro natepuana rpusen uac r ueuseuoctu roctauosru tarux sorpocos, rar: ssaunoqeuctsykt nu atu
yposuu s ctpyrtype u s nurporeuese uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s rpo-
ecce peaeuu saqa+, u ecnu ssaunoqeuctsykt, to ua raron yposue roctpoeuu orepauouaneuon,
cenautu+ecron; unektc nu oaue qn pe+esoro u opasuoro yposueu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
nexauusnM uapyaeuu s peaeuuu uutennertyaneuMx saqa+; uapyaaktc nu cnMcn u sua+euue ua opasuon
yposue?
Ecnu opatutec r coctouuk atou rponenM s rcuxonoru+ecrou nutepatype, to nM ysuqun, +to s
cospeneuuMx uccneqosauux otsoqutc sua+uteneuoe necto usy+euuk opasos u ux ponu u necta s
rcuxu+ecrou cepe +enosera. lenano uccneqosauuu, s rotopMx paccnatpusaetc rponena cnMcna u
sua+euu u sosnouoro ux ssaunoqeuctsu c rpeqnetuMnu opasanu-rpeqctasneuunu. 0quu uccneqosatenu
c+utakt, +to opas u sMr s rpoecce rosuauu ue tonero ue ucrnk+akt, uo ssaunoqoronukt qpyr qpyra, +to
tan, rqe ecte suar, tan ecte u opas (C. . Pyuuateuu u qp.). pyrue c+utakt, +to opasM u cunsonM qynu-
pykt u s cny+ae ueoxoqunoctu saneaakt ectectseuuMe sMru. 0uu ro auanoruu c sepaneuMnu sua+euunu
noryt Mte oprauusosauM s yctou+usyk cucteny otuoaeuuu, rotopa yuruouupyet rar rateropuaneua
cucteny (8. 1. etpeuro u qp.). 8 uerotopMx uccneqosauux ouapyeuo, +to s pauuen outoreuese
uesepaneuMe orepauouaneuMe u rpeqnetuMe sua+euu opnupyktc uapqy c sepaneuMnu. Tpeteu
ronarakt, +to sua+euue noet Mte rpeqctasneuo s suqe cosoryruoctu rpusuaros, cnyaaux qn
rnaccuurauu oertos, sneuuu. Cuctena sua+euuu s aton cny+ae ue csoqutc tonero r sepaneuMn op-
nan ux cyaectsosauu u noet sMctyrate rar cuctena artyaneuMx roopquuat orMta, cnousaac s
pesynetate sctpe+ cyerta c nupon. Tar, s pqe atux paot ...rorasauo, ruaet l. l. Can-nuua, +to
sua+euue noete Mxe rpeqctasneuo s suqe cosoryruoctu rpusuaros, cnyaaux qn rnaccuurauu
oertos, sneuuu. Cuctena sua+euuu s aton cny+ae ue csoqutc r sepaneuMn opnan ux cyaectsosauu
1
.
A uccneqosauu C. . Pyuuateuua, . A. lyposou, F. A. ouonapesa u qpyrux rorasanu, +to s rpoecce
repepaotru uuopnauu opasuMe u sepaneuo-'routuuuMe- ronroueutM nManeuu rpeqctasneuM s
equuctse.
0 cssu uapyaeuuu- sepaneuoro yposu u yposu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu s uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu
nM ye rucanu. 8qece e nM rpatro octauosunc ua coroctasneuuu arcrepuneutaneuMx qauuMx rpeuux
uaaux paot c uactoaun uccneqosauuen, +toM rpoqenouctpuposate uanu+ue uerotopMx o(ux
ncuxonocuvec|ux vexa+usvoe, nea(ux e oc+oee +ap,ae+u+ u pevu, u opasoe-npedcmaene+uu.
Coroctasneuue sepaneuoro u uarnquoro natepuana orMtos rossonut uan ecnu ue otsetute ua
roctasneuuMe sorpocM, to roqoutu r ux rouunauuk.
poseqeuuMe uanu uccneqosauu ro usy+euuk atou rpone-
C a n n u u a l. l. 8uar u cunson s oy+euuu.V., 1988.C. 13.
nM rorasanu, +to neqy uapyaeuunu atux qsyx cep uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu cyaectsyet
orpeqeneuua u +etra csse. Tar, orasanoce, +to y rpyrrM oneuMx c aepeutuou notopuou aasueu ua
yposue pe+u uapyaaetc u rouunauue, u artyanusau ooaeuuMx cnos, uo octaktc otuocuteneuo onee
coxpauuMnu cnosa, oosua+akaue rourpetuMe rpeqnetM. 8 to e spen oneuMe c arycturo-nuectu+ecrou,
ceucopuou u aepeutuou notopuou opnanu aasuu (ropaeuue saqueu pe+esou souM) ouapyusakt
oneayk coxpauuocte .rouunauu u artyanusauu ooaeuuMx cnos. +to racaetc csseu neqy cnosanu u
opasanu, to s atux cny+ax onee coxpauuM rateropuaneuMe u uapyaeuM cutyatusuMe cssu, s otnu+ue ot
aepeutuou notopuou aasuu, rpu rotopou nM ouapyunu opatuyk raptuuy. 8 qpyrux arcrepuneutaneuMx
uccneqosauux rouunauu cnos nM rony+unu qauuMe o cyeuuu sua+euu cnosa, ero nuorosua+uoctu, o
uapyaeuuu rouunauu rateropuaneuMx csseu sa c+et ysenu+euu cutyatusuMx y oneuMx c aepeutuou
notopuou aasueu. puseqen rpunepM.
6oneuou K. (aepeutua notopua aasu) s saqauuu roqopate r cnosy mpa+cnopm cootsetctsykaue raptuuru roqopan raptuuru,
usopaakaue rapoxoq, roesq, tponneuyc, septonet u tyt e ta+ry, nMu, cauru, tpartop, roneco, csetoop.
Coroctasn pesynetatM atux orMtos c orMtanu uactoaero uccneqosauu, nM suqun, +to s uux uneetc
cxoqctso: ua rpeqnetuoe ssy+auue uqyaero roesqa oneuMe c aepeutuou notopuou aasueu qasanu
rourpetuMe otsetM, cssauuMe c saqauuMn rpeqneton cutyatusuo, anertpu+ra, csetoop; ua ssyr
napaupykaux conqat ronauqup u conqatM u qp. VatepuanM atux.orMtos rossonkt rosopute o
uapyaeuuu y atou rpyrrM oneuMx cuctenM ooaeuuMx rpusuaros, ctoaux sa cnoson, o uapyaeuuu ratero-
puaneuMx csseu cnosa u s enon o cyeuuu sua+euu cnosa.
8 atux e paotax Mno ouapyeuo uapyaeuue rouunauu cnMcna cnos u otuocuteneua coxpauuocte,
rourpetuMx sua+euuu rpu ropaeuuu repequeu pe+esou souM, qn ropaeuuu e saqueu pe+esou souM,
uaoopot, xapartepuMnu orasanuce coxpauuocte cnMcna u uapymeue rouunauu u artyanusauu cnos
rourpetuoro rpeqnetuoro sua+euu. 3tu uapyaeuu cnMcna u.sua+euu ua yposue pe+u Mnu cssauM
cootsetctseuuo c uapyaeuunu ooaeuuoro u rourpetuoro rpeqnetuoro opasa.
8ce rposeqeuuMe uanu orMtM ot+etnuso yrasMsakt ua csse uapyaeuu rpeqnetuo-opasuou u sepaneuou,
cep rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu rpu aepeutuou notopuou aasuu: ua ton u qpyron yposux
ouapyusaetc cyeuue sua+euu u cnosa u rpeqnetuoro opasa u uapyaeuue ux cnMcnosou cepM. 3ta
csse ouapyusaetc u rpu qpyrux opnax aasuu arycturo-nuectu+ecrou u ceucopuou, oquaro
rcuxonoru+ecruu nexauusn atux uapyaeuuu
uuou. pu ceucopuMx opnax aasuu uanu Mno ouapyeuo uapyaeuue artyanusauu rpeqnetuMx opasos
us-sa qeertos sM+neueuu cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta, rotopMe, rar uan rpeqctasnetc, uecyt ua
cee rourpetuoe rpeqnetuoe sua+euue u coxpauuocte rnoaneuoro ooaeuuoro opasa rpeqneta, oaero
qn enoro rnacca oquopoquMx rpeqnetos.
3tot sMsoq cqenau uanu u ua ocuosauuu cpasueuu pucyuros oneuMx u ux sepaneuMx pearuu s rpoecce
pucosauu. |x pucyuru, rar nM suqenu sMae, rpeqctasnnu coou rar M ycpequeuuMu rpeqnet es ero
rourpetusauu. 8 cnosecuMx pearux atot qeert rposnnc s ton, +to oneuMe, rar rpasuno, rosopunu,
+to ouu ue suqt rpeqneta, nuo rosopunu o rosneuuu uerux oaux opasos: +to-to... tpaucropt rarou-
to (ayn roesqa), noet Mte, roesq?; +to-to ue suy, noet Mte, tar? epeso (s otset ua saqauue
uapucosate suauk pucyet ooaeuuoe qepeso), A noet Mte, roqa? Torqa tar (pucyet rpyo+er). 3to
cosraqaet c pesynetatanu orMtos ua rouunauue cnos, s rotopMx uanu Mna ouapyeua coxpauuocte
rouunauu cnos, otpaakaux actpartuMe u ooaeuuMe routu, u uapyaeuue rouunauu rourpetuMx
rpeqnetuo otueceuuMx cnos. lapyaeuue rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctu cnosa rpusoqut r tony, +to snecto
rourpetuou cssu rpeqnet-cnoso artyanusupyetc cnMcnosoe rone, s rotopoe sxoqut saqauuoe s
arcrepuneute cnoso, t. e. rpeqnetuoe sua+euue cnosa, qeuotat, saneaaetc ero ooaeuuMn cnMcnon u
poqosMn routuen. Tar, ue rous rourpetuoro sua+euu cnosa xone(ucmum, oquu us oneuMx rosopun: 3to
+to-to... ones+e tara, a cnoso p,ca| cpasy otuec r ooaeuuony rnaccy ueom+oe: 3to +to-to... noet,
usotuoe, +to nu; |opane r tpaucropty: 3to, ro-noeny, mpa+cnopm tarou u t. q. 3osvo+o, sdece ve
uveev deno c oo(e++ev eepanusupoea++ev ompae+uev +eeepanusupoea+-+ex cvecnoe. 0no+a+
*+enp+va+ esauvoce+se u esauvoo,cnoene++ocme +ap,ae+u+ ceva+mu|u opasoe-npedcmaene+uu u
ceva+mu|u pevu omvemnueo eecm,nana eo ecex +aaux uccnedoea+u+x, noce+(e++ex amou nponeve. VM
qynaen, +to rony+euuMu uanu arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan sepaneuMu u uesepaneuMu ue tonero
rossonet rosopute o tecuou cssu rpeqnetuMx opasos c pe+ek, uo qaet ocuosauu qn sMqsueuu
rpeqronoeuu o sosnouon ncuxonocuvec|ov vexa+usve amou esauvoce+su.
pu arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasuu, rar nM suqenu sMae, coxpauetc ooaeuuMu rnoaneuMu opas-
rpeqctasneuue, a ua yposue pe+u ato orasanoce penesautuMn coxpauuoctu ooaeuuoro cnosa, otpaakaero
poqosoe routue unu oauu cnMcn, +to u rossonet qynate o ton, +to cnoane+eu opas-npedcmaene+ue
onocped,emc+ +e s+ave+uev, a cvecnov cnoea, a +a onee eeco|ov ,poe+e oo(e+u+ cnoane+oco
u+mecpamue+oco opasa podoeev oo(e++ev cnoeov, oosua+akaun poq u rnacc rpeqnetos. CnMcn oc-
taetc onee coxpauuMn, +en rourpetuoe sua+euue, tar rar ussectuo, +to ...cnMcnM cnos, onee
quuanu+ecrue u auporue, +en ux
sua+euu, ouapyusakt uuMe sarouM oequueuu u cnuuu qpyr c qpyron, +en te, rotopMe noryt
uankqatec rpu oequueuuu u cnuuuu cnosecuMx sua+euuu
1
.
C atou rosuuu nouo paccnotpete u ssaunoqeuctsue rpeqnetuoro opasa, ero cnMcnosoro routercta co
cnoson, ero oosua+akaun u uecyaun orpeqeneuuoe yctou+usoe sua+euue. . C. 8Mrotcruu rucan, +to
sua+euue cnosa snetc nuae ranuen s sqauuu ero cnMcna; nouo qynate, +to u |o+|pem+eu npedvem+eu
opas u eco s+ave+ue nuae |ave+e, |upnuvu| e sda+uu opas+oco |o+me|cma u ceva+mu|u opasa.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to opas-rpeqctasneuue, u ocoeuuo ero cnMcnosa cepa, onee cssau c suytpeuueu
pe+ek u co scenu ee saueuaunu ocoeuuoctnu. 0quaro ato tonero uaae rpeqronoeuue u ouo uyqaetc s
qaneueuaen uccneqosauuu. 8qece nM xotun nuae scronuute o oquou us opn saneaeuu oneuMnu c
arycturo-nuectu+ecrou u anuectu+ecrou aasunu rpeqnetuoro cnosa-uauneuosauu orucauuen yuruu
atoro rpeqneta, enou pasou unu enMn sepaneuMn sMcrasMsauuen, rpequratusuMn ro ctpyrtype. 3tot
cunrton cocyaectsyet c cunrtonon coxpauuoctu suytpeuueu pe+u y oneuMx atou rpyrrM, s to spen rar rpu
notopuMx opnax, aasuu suytpeuu pe+e uapyaaetc. 8o suytpeuueu e pe+u rpeonaqauue cnMcna uaq
sua+euuen ...qoseqeuo qo natenatu+ecroro rpeqena u rpeqctasneuo s aconktuou opne
2
. 8qece
rpesanuposauue cnMcna uaq sua+euuen, pasM uaq cnoson, scero routercta uaq pasou snetc rpasunon.
3tu u pq qpyrux uankqeuuu u rossonkt uan sMqsuuyte cunomes, o u+muv+ou ce+su cepe opasoe-
npedcmaene+uu c e+,mpe++eu peves. n 'nn
pu notopuMx opnax aasuu nM ouapyusaen rpotusoronouyk raptuuy uapyaeuu: opas-
rpeqctasneuue uapyaaetc rar pas co ctopouM ero rnoaneuoctu, ooaeuuoctu, uo coxpauetc s oneaeu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
nepe artyanusau rourpetuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos, +to ua yposue pe+u rposnetc s coxpauuoctu
artyanusauu rourpetuo-rpeqnetuMx cnos-uauneuosauuu, a ue cnos, otpaakaux poqosuqosMe otuoaeuu.
Ecnu rorMtatec ocuute qauuMe uaaux arcrepuneutos c rosuuu V. C. Lextcpa u qpyrux uccneqosateneu
o uuterpatusuon rnoaneuon opase rar ocuse, ua rotopou rpuuunaetc peaeuue o rateropuaneuou
rpuuaqneuoctu rpeqneta, to o+esuquo, +to rateropuaneuMe cssu opasos u cnos octaktc coxpauuMnu rpu
ropaeuuu saquux otqenos nosra (suco+uMx u suco+uo-teneuuo-satM-no+uMx) u uapyaaktc rpu ropaeuuu
repequux (saque-nouMx) ero otqenos.
ocronery rpu a|,cmu|o-v+ecmuvec|ou aasuu uapyaeuue artyanusauu rpeqnetuMx opasos ro cyaectsy
cssauo c qeertanu
sM+neueuu c,(ecmee++ex npus+a|oe npedvemoe (ose|moe, +ene+uu), to nouo qynate, +to uve++o o+u
ce+sa+e co s+ave+uev, a o(ee e cmp,|m,pe opasa c dp,cuvu opasavu us od+ou ceva+muvec|ou cp,nne,
no eceu eepo+m+ocmu, ce+sa+o co cvecnov.
EC| 8C0Vl|Tb ronoeuue A. l. eouteesa o rton rsasuusnepeuuu, s rotopon +enosery otrpMsaetc nup, o
cnMcnoson ero rone u usua+aneuo cnMcnoson socrputuu rpeqnetos oertusuoro nupa u opnuposauuu
opasa us routercta ua ocuose rpeqsaputeneuou rurotesM ryten roucra quepeuuaneuMx rpusuaros s spu-
teneuon rone, rotopMe rossonunu M rourpetusuposate ye roqpasynesaenMu opas, to nM suqun
cneqykaee. / oneuMx c ropaeuuen saquux sou nosra uapyaaetc uneuuo roucr quepeuuaneuMx
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros qn roqpasynesaenoro opasa, a oauu routerct u cnMcnosoe rone opasa
octaktc coxpauuMnu, a rpu ropaeuuu repequux sou nosra saque-nouMx -- uapyaaktc oauu routerct u
cnMcnosoe rone, uo coxpauetc crocouocte r sM+neueuuk cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros. 3mom e+ove+
+ap,ae+ue eevne+e+u+ c,(ecmee++ex npus+a|oe npuopemaem npu+(unuane+oe s+ave+ue, ma| |a| o+
uveem vecmo, |a| no|aseeanu +aau uccnedoea+u+, eo v+ocux eudax u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmu
one+ex c aasueu. Tar, uarpunep, uaae uccneqosauue soe-

1
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.V., 1982.T. 2. C. 349.
2
Tan e.C. 348.
rnoaneuMu opas yrsM u ero oaee cnMcnosoe rone, uo uapyaaetc socrputue pasnu+uu s yrsax,
rotopMe cssauM c rourpetuMn ux uassauuen (sua+euuen).
Ponau Frocou rpuqasan orponuoe sua+euue pasnu+un s yrseuuMx suarax. 0u rucan, +to c ronoaek
yrseuuMx suaros nouo roctu+e qae tot sMr, ssy+auue rotoporo ueussectuo (uarpunep, rortcruu): +en
ner+e csectu sce nuoroopasue yrs r rpoctMn u yropqo+euuMn pasnu+un, ten oneae aaucos y
uccneqosaten roctu+e sMr +epes ero ruceneuuocte
1
.
0u c+utan, +to s aton cny+ae yrsM sMctyrakt s ponu +ucto pasnu+uteneuMx aneneutos sMra u c ux
ronoaek quepeuupyktc sua+euu cnos, nuaeuuMe coctseuuoro sua+euu. ...8 atou cutyauu yrsM c
yuruouaneuou to+ru speuu uecyt ty e uarpysry, +to u ouenM
2
.
/ uaaux oneuMx, rar nM nornu ysuqete, ctpaqaet uneuuo sputeneuoe socrputue sx pasnu+uu, +to u
snetc rpu+uuou uapyaeuu +teuu u rouunauu uarucauuoro rpu ortu+ecrou anercuu, sosuurakaeu rpu
ropaeuuu satMno+uMx u teneuuo-satMno+ uMx sou nosra.
Tot e euoneu ouapyusaetc u rpu aryctu+ecron socrputuu ssyros oneuMnu c ropaeuuen saquux
otqenos nosra (suco+uMx) rpu ceucopuou aasuu. 8 aton cny+ae y-oneuMx uapyaeuo socrputue o+eve, t.
e. rpusuara ssyra, uecyaero sua+euue. 8 pyccron sMre ato ssourocte u rnyxocte, tsepqocte u nrrocte u t. q.
8syr socrpuuunaetc u rpousuocutc rar n u uaoopot; ssyr m rar d u uaoopot u t. q. 3tu oneuMe ue
saneaakt ssyr ua ssyr us qpyrou cenautu+ecrou rpyrrM, uarpunep ua a, uo snecto a ouu noryt crasate o unu
e. VM suqun, +to u sqece rpu socrputuu oneuMnu ssyra artyanusupyetc ero rnoaneuMu opas, uo s
rpeqenax orpeqeneuuou cnMcnosou rpyrrM, a ouena, rourpetuoe sua+euue ssyra ue socrpuuunaetc. Vouo
qynate, +to u sqece, ye s qpyrou noqaneuoctu socrputu, nM sctpe+aenc c ten e uapyaeuuen
+ysctsuteneuoctu r socrputuk nurposuara, rotopMu uecet sua+euue u stopu+uo seqet r uapyaeuuk
rouunauu pe+u, a s enon __ r ceucopuou aasuu. To e catuoe nM ouapyusaen u ua onee sMcoron
yposue nuursuctu+ecrou oprauusauu pe+u ua yposue rpeqnoeuu rpu .+teuuu tercta oneuMnu c
ceucopuou aasueu (anercueu).
puseqen rpunep.
6oneuMn c ceucopuou aasueu u anercueu qaktc rpeqnoeuu qn +teuu, rotopMe ouu +utakt cneqykaun opason. 3 nec, cmoum us,a|a.
6oneuou: 3to... sot... qon s necy. |opoea cpov|o vevum. Ctaqo... ny-ny... rpu+ut. o +eo+ nemum cavonem. et+ur... ato sot ou... s aton...
ssepxy... e uee.
| sqece nM ouapyusaen artyanusauk oaero rnoaneuoro opasa u ero routercta u rpasuneuoe
rouunauue oaero cnMcna.
Frocou P. |spauuMe paotM,V., 1985.C. 71. Tan e.C. 73.
0quaro rourpetuoe sua+euue octanoce ueroutMn. |ssectuo, +to s aton cny+ae ceucopuou anercuu
uapyaaetc ue sputeneuoe socrputue yrseuuMx suaros, a cnyxosoe socrputue ssyros, uneuuo ux
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros. oatony us-sa uapyaeuu ouenatu+ecroro cnyxa ucraaetc socrputue
yrseuuMx suaros, to+uoe +teuue saneaaetc yraqMsakaun: uqyt roucru oaero cnMcna.
8 cospeneuuou nuursucture, s ee teopetu+ecrux uccneqosauux rorasauo, +to rpoecc cuutesa rpeqnoeuu
ua nkon sMre ocyaectsnetc ro rpuuury ot oaero r +actuony, ot oaero rnaua rpeqnoeuu, ero
ctpyrtypM r rourpetusauu otqeneuMx ero +acteu. n atoro uyuo, +toM +enoser pacronaran uuopnaueu
o rpeqnoeuuu s enon qo ua+ana rpoeccos ero auanusa u cuutesa. |nu, uua+e rosop, cua+ana uaqo route
cnMcn rpeqnoeuu (sMcrasMsauu) s enon. Ecnu rpoauanusuposate rony+euuMe uanu artM c
rosuuu'teopetu+ecrou nuursucturu, to nouo route, ro+eny oneuMe c uapyaeuuen +teuu ro ceucopuony
tury rouunakt oauu cnMcn pasM: socrputue uqet ue ot socrputu otqeneuMx yrs unu cnoros, a ot
enoro rpeqnoeuu, rotopoe seqet r rouunauuk oaero cnMcna. 8 uaaux qpyrux uccneqosauux Mno
rorasauo, +to u rpu arycturo-nuectu+ecrou aasuu rpu aryctu+ecron socrputuu enMx rpeqnoeuuu
oneuMnu socrpuuunanc oauu cnMcn rpeqnoeuuu, a otqeneuMe cnosa ouu ue rouunanu. 3tu natepuanM
rosopt o ton, +to rpu ropaeuuu saqueu pe+esou souM coxpauetc socrputue enoro, ooaeuuoro u uapy-
aaetc socrputue rourpetuoro. 3to racaetc u sepaneuMx, u uesepaneuMx ctunynos. pu ropaeuuu
repequeu pe+esou souM, uaoopot, coxpauetc rpuuur equuu+uoro, +actuoro u s socrputuu (aryctu+ecron,
sputeneuon, tartuneuon) u uapyaaetc repexoq ot +actuoro r oaeny, r ooaeuuony.
Tarun opason, npu ecex opvax aasuu uc|aaemc+ npedvem+eu opas-npedcmaene+ue u eco peveea+
opca+usa(u+; +ap,aaemc+ cvecn u s+ave+ue |a| +a eepane+ov, ma| u +a +eeepane+ov npedvem+o-
opas+ov ,poe+e. Vexa+usve amux +ap,ae+uu npu pas+ex opvax aasuu (ane|cuu) pas+ee u saeuc+m om
monu|u nopae+u+ vosca.
8ece usnoeuuMu natepuan qaet ocuosauue rpeqronoute uanu+ue uerotopMx o(ux ncuxonocuvec|ux
vexa+usvoe +ap,ae+u+ eepane+ex u +eeepane+ex (opas+ex) |ovno+e+moe e npo(ecce veane+u+ npu
no|ane+ex nopae+u+x vosca.
epeev tarun o(uv vexa+usvov uan rpeqctasnetc uapyaeuue socrputu vu|pos+a|oe, t. e. eevne+e+u+
c,(ecmee++ex npus+a|oe eepane+oco u +eeepane+oco cmuv,na, eos+u|as(eco npu nopae+uu sad+ux
omdenoe neeoco non,aapu+ vosca. auuMu nexauusn ouapyusaetc s ceucopuMx opnax aasuu, anercuu
u arpauu, a tare s opnuposauuu u artyanusauu rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu. 3tot qeert seqet
r uapyaeuuk rouunauu sua+euu ctunyna (cnosa, yrsM, upM u qpyroro opasa), uo rouunauue ero oaero
u ooaeuuoro cnMcna octaetc coxpau-
uMn. 8 aton cny+ae ue uapyaaetc u rateropuaneuocte uuterpa-tusuoro rnoaneuoro opasa. poecc
nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu ctpaqaet s atux cny+ax s sseue repexoqa socrputu ot enoro r +actuony, ot
oaero r rourpetuony.
3mopev ouv ncuxonocuvec|uv vexa+usvov snetc +ap,ae+ue ,poe++ oo(e++oco eocnpu+mu+
cmuv,na cnosa unu rpeqneta, uapyaeuue u+mecpamue+oco cnoane+oco opasa cnoea, rpeqneta rpu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
coxpauuoctu sM+neueuu otqeneuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta. A rpoecc nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu ctpa-qaet s
sseue repexoqa socrputu ot rourpetuoro, +actuoro r enony, ooaeuuony. 3to uapyaeuue sosuuraet npu
nopae+uu neped+ux, npe(e+mpane+ex omdenoe |ope neeoco non,aapu+ vosca.
Pasyneetc, nM qaneru ot nMcnu, +to atu pasnManeuu uoct orou+ateneuMu xapartep. VM cqenanu nuae
rorMtry roctasute rponeny o rcuxonoru+ecrux nexauusnax uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu
ropaeuux nosra. 3ta rponena, ectectseuuo, uyqaetc s qaneueuaen teopeturo-arcrepuneutaneuon
usy+euuu.
lnaea IX. hAPYUEhhE h 066TAh0EhhE
3PhTEbh0|0 PEHETh0|0 05PA3A Y ETEh 6 Ah0HAbhbH PA3hThEH
|. P05EHA h HET0hKA h66E0AhhP
|sy+euue rponenM uapyaeuu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu u opasuoro nManeuu y sspocnMx oneuMx c
noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra rpuseno uac r sorpocy o coctouuu atoro suqa uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu y qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen, rpeqe scero c saqeprou pe+esoro passutu, u y qeteu c
ynctseuuMn ueqopassutuen. 8osuuraet sorpoc, snukt nu atu auonanuu ua coctouue cepM opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu, u ecnu snukt, to sctaet pq uosMx sorpocos: unektc nu cssu saqepru pe+esoro u ynct-
seuuoro passutu c uecopnuposauuoctek ux rpeqnetuo-opasuou cepM, snuet nu uecopnuposauuocte
rocnequeu ua opnuposauue uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu qeteu u qp. 3rcrepuneutaneuoe uccneqosauue
atou rponenM nM tare ua+anu c usy+euu rponenM sosnouou cssu uapyaeuu uasMsauu c qeertanu
+ysctseuuou ocuosM cnosa.
/ qeteu c pasnu+uou ratonorueu pe+u uepeqro sctpe+aetc uapyaeuue uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u. 3tot
qeert noet rpoterate s cuuqpone qpyrux pe+esMx pacctpoucts unu Mte ooconeuuMn. pupoqa u
nexauusnM uapyaeuu unu uecopnuposauuoctu uasMsauu noryt Mte pasuMnu u sasucete ot enoro pqa
artopos (atuonoruu saonesauu, opnM pe+esMx pacctpoucts, sospacta peeura u t. q.).
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to y qeteu qoaroneuoro u nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta uecopnuposauuocte atou
ctopouM pe+u noet orasatec cssauuou c qeertanu s cepe +ysctseuuou ocuosM cnosa, rpeqe scero c
qeertanu sputeneuoro socrputu u sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu u opasos.
la csse cnosa c +ysctseuuou ocuosou s rpoecce opnuposauu pe+u y peeura u rpeqe scero ua csse
rpeqnetuo otueceuuoro cnosa c sputeneuMn socrputuen u rpeqctasneuuen o rpeqnete yrasMsaetc so
nuorux uccneqosauux. . C. 8Mrotcruu, opnynupy csou sarou repexoqa-yuruu ssepx, yrasan ua pe-
aakayk pone socrputu, s +actuoctu sputeneuoro, s opnuposauuu pe+u u nManeuu. / peeura, rucan
ou, es passutu socrputu ue noet passutec pe+e, rotony +to s uopnaneuon yuruouuposauuu
socrputu nM uneen rpeqrocMnry qn toro,
+toM uopnaneuo passusanuce sMcaue cuctenM
1
. |neuuo roatony y peeura pauuero sospacta
qonuuupykaeu yurueu snetc socrputue, a sce octaneuMe yuruu qeuctsykt ue uua+e, rar s
pesynetate socrputu u +epes uero
2
.
|ccneqosauu . C. 8Mrotcroro rorasanu, +to ua repsMx atarax passutu cnouMe rcuxu+ecrue rpoeccM,
opnupyce, orupaktc ua onee aneneutapuMe yuruu, neaaue s ocuose, u sasuct ot uux.
3neneutapuMe yuruu rar M asa qn passutu tarux cnouMx rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, rar, uarpunep,
pe+e. . C. 8Mrotcruu rpuqasan peaakaee sua+euue rpoeccy socrputu qn passutu pe+u, ou rosopun ro
atony rosoqy, +to y peeura uuroun opason ue noet passutec pe+e es passutu socrputu; peeuor
noet rosopute u nMcnute tonero socrpuuuna. 1opnuposauue socrputu pasnu+uou noqaneuoctu
sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro socrputu, socrputu rpoctpauctsa u rpoctpauctseuuMx otuoaeuuu rpeqnetos,
quepeuuposauuoro rpoecca ssyropasnu+e-uu, tartuneuoro socrputu rpeqnetos (oayrMsauue) u t.
q. cosqaet ocuosy qn ooaeuu socrputu u qn opnuposauu opasos peaneuoro rpeqnetuoro nupa,
ty repsu+uyk asy, ua rotopou ua+uuaet opnuposatec pe+e. | rose pe+e, s csok o+epeqe, ua+uuaet
orasMsate cyaectseuuoe snuuue ua passutue opasos socrputu, yto+u u ooaa ux.
. C. 8Mrotcruu yrasMsan ua csse cnosa ue tonero c socrputuen, uo u c opason-rpeqctasneuuen. 0u rucan
ro atony rosoqy, +to peauteneuo scroe cnoso rpu ero auanuse orasMsaetc cssauuMn c rpeqctasneuuen
unu opason. . C. 8Mrotcruu rucan tare o opnuposauuu routu us socrputu u epepaotru +ysctseu-
uoro natepuana u +to cnoso, tar e rar u. routue, cssauo c +ysctseuuMn natepuanon. la aty csse cnosa c
+ysctseuuou ocuosou opaaanu suunauue u qpyrue uccneqosatenu. Tar, V. V. Koneosa rucana, +to ua
pauuen atare passutu (2-u roq usuu) cnoso snetc arsusaneuton +ysctseuuoro opasa oquoro rpeqneta,
sepuee, cyaectseuuoro ero rpusuara, a ua onee rosquux atarax passutu (33,5 roqa) cnoso saneaaet ye
uecronero +ysctseuuMx opasos ot pasuopoquMx rpeqnetos. 8 paotax l. . Poseurapt-yrro rpno rosoputc
o tecuon ssaunoqeuctsuu passutu pe+u u sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro socrputu. peqnetua otueceuuocte
cnos roq+uueua sputeneuony socrputuk y qeteu 2-ro roqa usuu, a ua 3-n roqy usuu peeuor crocoeu
yqepusate opas rpeqneta, qae ue sua ero uassauu, t. e. osnaqesaet rpoussoneuoctek csoero
socrputu. A. 8. 8aropoe tare yrasMsan ua opasosauue speneuuMx csseu neqy cnosanu, rpeqnetanu
u qeuctsunu ua 12-n roqy usuu.
Paccnotpeuue passutu u pacraqa pe+u tare yrasMsaet ua
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.Nnn I960.C. 380.
2
Tan e.- C. 369.
to, +to peaneuMu nup qau +enosery s ua+ane ero usuu s oayaeuux u rpeqctasneuux u nuae rosquee ou
rony+aet otpaeuue s cnosax. auuMe outoreuesa u yrasMsakt, uarpunep, ua y+actue rpoecca socrputu
nkou noqaneuoctu s passutuu tarux rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, rar rante, pe+e, nManeuue. 8 cuny atou saro-
uonepuoctu rpu ratonoruu nosra y qeteu sMcaue yposuu rcuxu+ecrux yuruu orasMsaktc stopu+uo
uapyaeuuMnu u ux pacraq uaxoqutc s rpnou sasucunoctu ot pacraqa onee aneneutapuMx yposueu atux
yuruu unu ot pacraqa rcuxu+ecrux yuruu onee uusroro ropqra, rotopMe cssauM c roctpaqasaeu
yurueu. 8aqepra passutu onee sMcorooprauusosauuMx yuruu, sMssauua saqeprou passutu
aneneutapuMx yuruu, s pauuen qetctse ue noet ue crasatec u s onee rosquen (pauuen aroneuon)
sospacte, orpauu+usa sosnouoctu oy+euu u passutu tarux qeteu.
Tarun opason, nutepatypa sorpoca yrasMsaet ua sauyk pone +ysctseuuoro orMta s opnuposauuu pe+u u,
s +actuoctu, ee uonuuatusuou yuruu. 8ocrputue u pe+e ssaunooycnosneuM s csoen opnuposauuu:
rouctautuocte u ooaeuuocte socrputu, c oquou ctopouM, u roqsuuocte sputeneuMe opasos c qpyrou,
opnupyktc u passusaktc roq snuuuen cnosa, rocnequee e, s csok o+epeqe, sosuuraet u yto+uetc ua
ocuose +ysctseuuou cepM.
8 qeertonoru+ecrou nutepatype unektc yrasauu ua uapyaeuue sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu y qeteu c
pasnu+uou ratonorueu pe+u u ua csse atoro uapyaeuu c qeerton uasMsauu. 0quaro uneetc o+eue nano
creuaneuMx arcrepuneutaneuMx uccneqosauuu, s rotopMx usy+anc M sorpoc o nexauusnax uapyaeuu
sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro socrputu u o sarouonepuoctx ssaunocssu atux qsyx yposueu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu. 8aqa+eu uaaero uccneqosauunu sunoce arcrepuneutaneuoe usy+euue sputeneuoro
rpeqnetuoro socrputu u rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu y qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen.
Cosnectuo c nororeqon T. V. Kysueosou uanu Mn rposeqeu arcrepuneut, coctosauu us qsyx +acteu.
8aqa+eu repsou +ac-t u, coctoaeu us qsyx cepuu, sunoce uccneqosauue to+uoctu, oena u rpo+uoctu
socrputu rpeqnetuMx usopaeuuu u ux saronuuauu.
C atou enek qetn e 1 cepuu orMtos qasanuce qn saronuuauu tpu rpeqnetuMe raptuuru, rocne +ero ouu
qonuM Mnu uautu ux cpequ aectu rpeqsneuuMx. 6Mno rposeqeuo tpu rpoM, s rotopMx Mno
rpeqsneuo scero 27 raptuuor: 9 raptuuor-ctunynos u 18 ouosMx. 1ouosMe u ocuosuMe raptuuru s raqou
rpoe neunuce.
VM rpeqronounu, +to s cny+ae ue+etroctu u uerpo+uoctu sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu, a tare u ux
qeertuou roqsuuoctu nM rony+un csoeopasuMe oauru saronuuauu, roatony II cepu orMtos Mna
roctpoeua ro tury rounurta: raptuuru-ctunynM, Msaue s rpeueu cepuu rpeqneton socrputu u sa-
ronuuauu, t. e. rpeqneton qeuctsu, saten rpeqsnnuce s ra+ectse ouosMx, a Msaue ouosMe raptuu-
ru qasanuce qn saronuuauu, ctauosce ten canMn rpeqneton qeuctsu. /suasauue rposoqunoce qsaqM
uerocpeqctseuuo rocne rpeqsneuu raptuuor-ctunynos u ro ucte+euuu qsyx nuuyt.
, Vatepuanon orMtos cnyunu setuMe raptuuru, uqeutu+uMe ro opne u texuure ucronueuu,
usopaakaue suaronMe peeury ouxoquMe rpeqnetM. |uctpyruu qasanuce +etrue, spen arcrosuuu
csooquoe, uasMsauue rpeqsneuuMx raptuuor peeuron sarpeaanoce.
8aqa+eu stopou +actu arcrepuneuta sunoce uccneqosauue sputeneuMx opasos rpeqnetos ux to+uoctu,
rpo+uoctu, oratctsa u roqsuuoctu. n atou enu uanu Mn ucronesosau netoq pucosauu u
rnaccuurauu ctunusosauuMx raptuuor. 8 atou +actu arcrepuneuta Mno rposeqeuo rte cepuu orMtos ro
netoqure, rotopyk nM arpouposanu ua sspocnMx sqoposMx u oneuMx nkqx u orucanu ee sMae (cn. rn. VI).
8 I c e p u u qetu qonuM Mnu pucosate rpeqnetM ro cnosy uauneuosauuk rpeqneta. 8o II c ep u u ot uux
tpeosanoce qopucosate saqauuyk +acte rpeqneta qo enoro. etn rpeqsnnuce oquuarosMe
cxenatu+ecrue pucyuru ronosM u tynosuaa rypuM, Mrneura u retyxa. opucosMsate cneqosano nuae te
aneneutM, rotopMe snktc otnu+uteneuMnu rpusuaranu raqoro oerta. 8 III cepuu ot qeteu tpeosanoce
qopucosate qauuMe aneneutM pucyura qo raroro-nuo rpeqneta' (oerta) rnacca, uassauue rnacca oertos
qasanoce (osoau, pyrtM). 8 IV c e p u u orMtos uccneqosanoce uanu+ue y qeteu sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx
opasos u sosnouocte ux artyanusauu +epes qopucosMsauue qauuMx actpartuMx aneneutos. n atoro
qetn rpeqsnnoce- uecronero uapucosauuMx rsaqpatos, yrnos unu nuuuu, us rotopMx netoqon qopu-
cosMsauu ouu qonuM Mnu rony+ute usopaeuu nkMx rpeqnetos. 8o scex +etMpex cepux
uccneqosanuce uanu+ue u roqsuuocte sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu, a tare ux csse co cnoson.
8 V c e p u u uccneqosanace crocouocte qeteu c uapyaeuuen pe+u r sM+neueuuk cyaectseuuee rpusuaros
rpeqneta ua yposue sputeneuou reperuu (c atou enek qetn rpeqnaranoce pasnoute ua rpyrrM raptuuru,
usopaakaue pasuMx usotuMx). Kaptuuru Mnu u rpoctMe, u ctunusosauuMe (saaynneuuMe), ycnoukaue
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
socrputue u orosuauue usotuoro. launeuosauu usotuMx ue qasanuce. 8 rnaccuurauu Mno 6 rpyrr
usotuMx, scero 21 raptuura.
n arcrepuneuta Mnu otopauM qetu qoaroneuoro u nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta (411 net), ne+aauec
s qetcrou rcuxouesponoru+ecrou oneuue. etu ctauouuposanuce ro rosoqy pe+esMx uapyaeuuu: ananuu,
aasuu, ocnoueuuMe opnM qusaptpuu, ueqopassutue pe+u rpu onuropeuuu, saqepru pe+esoro passutu
u t. q., a tare pe+esMe pacctpouctsa rpu ausopeuuu, arunercuu u qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux saonesauux. / scex
atux qeteu
ue Mno sMsneuo repsu+uMx ortu+ecrux uapyaeuuu.
0sateneuMn ycnosuen arcrepuneuta Mn uctuuuMu routart c arcrepuneutatopon, uanu+ue y peeura
aneneutapuoro routu o ronu+ectse u rpoctoro rpau+ecroro uasMra.
8cero Mno uccneqosauo 124 peeura c pe+esMnu uapyaeuunu. peqsaputeneuo netoqura Mna
arpouposaua ua qetx naccosMx qetcrux caqos u aron. 8 orMte rpuuno y+actue 68 sqoposMx qeteu s
sospacte 48 net.
2. hAPYUEhhE PEHETh0h 3PhTEbh0-05PA3h0h 64EPb Y ETEh 6 Ah0HAbhbH PA3hThEH
PesynetatM uccneqosauu s repsou +actu arcrepuneuta rorasanu, +to qetu c uopnaneuMn pe+esMn u
uutennertyaneuMn passutuen s I (rpoctou) u so II (rounurtuou) cepux sMronunu sce saqauu ua
saronuuauue raptuuor c uerocpeqctseuuMn u otcpo+euuMn socrpousseqeuuen esoauo+uo.
8o stopou +actu arcrepuneuta y sqoposMx qeteu tare ue Mno ouapyeuo uapyaeuuu sputeneuoro
socrputu u sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu. lecnotp ua pasnu+uMe uasMru pucosauu, qetu usopaanu
otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru rpeqneta, ro+tu scerqa otraqMsa sanMcen pucyura, u rposunu s IV cepuu
arcrepuneuta artusuoe tsop+ecroe sputeneuoe soopaeuue, yneuue soccosqate rpeqnet ro actpartuou u
cxenatusuposauuou qetanu (puc. 23).
Tarun opason, y sqoposMx qeteu c uopnaneuMn passutuen pe+u uanu ue Mno ouapyeuo rarux-nuo
qeertos sputeneuoro ysuasauu u saronuuauu rpeqnetos, a tare qeertos sputeneuMx opasos. eteu c
pe+esMnu pacctpouctsanu s cssu c ocoeuuoctnu sMronueuu saqauu, +to cosrano c sospactuMn u
uosonoru+ecrun rpuuuranu qeneuu, nouo Mno pasqenute ua qse rpyrrM.
8 1-k rpyrry sxoqunu qetu, rouunakaue u ocnMcnkaue saqauue (64 peeura), rpeunyaectseuuo
qoaroneuoro sospacta, ctpaqakaue pasnu+uMnu pe+esMnu pacctpouctsanu (ueqopassutue pe+u ro tury
notopuou ananuu, rpyMe saqepru pe+esoro passutu, qusaptpuu, ocnoueuuMe ueqopassutuen pe+u). |s 64
qeteu 31 unenu uutennertyaneuyk ueqoctato+uocte. lapyaeuu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u y atou rpyrrM
ucrMtyenMx uocunu rpeunyaectseuuo stopu+uMu xapartep, s ocuose rotoporo neanu qeertM
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. poqyrtusuMu rpoecc uasMsauu roqneunc ueeneuarpasneuuMnu
unrynecusuMnu qeuctsunu. lassauu rpeqnetos saneunuce +aae scero cnosoco+etauunu. 8o 2-k rpyrry
sxoqunu qetu (61 peeuor) rpeunyaectseuuo nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta u ueoneaa +acte qeteu
qoaroneuoro sospacta (9 qeteu). 8 otnu+ue ot qeteu 1-u rpyrrM atu ucrMtyenMe ue unenu uutennertyaneuMx
uapyaeuuu, uo sato qn uux Mno xapartepuo onee rpyoe uapyaeuue arcrpeccusuou pe+u u coxpauuocte
unrpeccusuou; ato qetu c ueqopassutuen pe+u rpu uapyaeuuon cnyxe, qetu c pasnu+uMnu opnanu
qusaptpuu u c saqep-

Puc. 23. Pucyuru sqoposMx qeteu qoaroneuoro u nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta.
rou pe+esoro passutu. +to racaetc uapyaeuu uonuuatusuou yuruu pe+u, to ouo Mno repsu+uMn u
onee rpyMn ro cpasueuuk c qetenu 1-u rpyrrM. 8qece unen necto roucr uyuoro cnosa ro tury repeopa
cnos us oquou cenautu+ecrou rpyrrM unu apturyntopuMu roucr. |nenu necto saneuM cnosa cnoso-
co+etauunu, nateutuMu repuoq s roucrax uasMsauu qoxoqun qo 23 nuuyt.
PesynetatM orMtos c 1-u rpyrrou ucrMtyenMx s repsou +actu arcrepuneuta Mnu cneqykaue. 0auru
rosnnuce ye s I cepuu arcrepuneuta ua sputeneuoe ianouuaue. Xapartep oauor saneua uyuou
rpeqnetuou raptuuru ua Msayk s rpeqMqyaen orMte yrasMsaet ua uueptuocte sputeneuMx
rpeqctasneuuu, ua sactouuocte sosyqeuu s 'sputeneuou cepe. Konu+ectso oauor ocoeuuo pactet rpu
ysenu+euuu nateutuoro repuoqa neqy ctunynon u pearueu peeura, a tare u rpu saquynneuuu atou ray-
sM (eceqa, sMronueuue qpyrux saqauuu). +to racaetc II (rounurtuou) cepuu orMtos, s rotopou rpoucxoqut
ssaunosaneaeuue rpeqneta qeuctsu u oua, to sqece-atu qetu qasanu roctouuMe u s oneaon
ronu+ectse oauru. Xapartep oauor tot e, +to u s ! cepuu, ato tare yrasMsaet ua uueptuocte sputeneuMx
opasos, ysenu+usakaykc s rounurtuMx ycnosux orMta. 0en saronuuauu 2 raptuuru s I u I2
raptuuru so II cepuu orMtos.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to uueptuocte sputeneuMx opasos, ux nana roqsuuocte u snktc ten
rcuxonoru+ecrun nexauusnon, rotopMu neut s ocuose uapyaeuu sputeneuoro saronuuauu y atou rpyrrM
qeteu. |ueptuocte sputeneuMx opasos, rar rorasanu orMtM, ocoeuuo ysenu+usaetc rpu saaynneuuu unu
ysenu+euuu uutepsanos neqy rpeqsneuuen raptuuor qn saronuuauu u roucron ux cpequ qpyrux
raptuuor.
Auanus natepuana orMtos stopou +actu arcrepuneuta yrasan ua uapyaeuue rpoecca artyanusauu
sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro opasa u ro cnosy, u ro opasy (ero aneneutan) u rpoecca socrpousseqeuu
sputeneuoro opasa. Auanus pucyuros qeteu s atux orMtax rorasan uanu+ue cneqykaux oauor. 8 I cepuu, s
rotopou qetu qonuM Mnu pucosate rpeqnetM ro cnosy {dov, depeeo, deeov|u u qp.), s pucyuraq
otcytctsosanu rnasuMe aneneutM rpeqneta (oerta), t. e. pyru, rnasa y qeso+ru, setru y qepesa (puc. 24). Co
II cepueu, s rotopou ueoxoquno Mno sM+neuute cyaectseuuMe otnu+uteneuMe rpusuaru y rypuM, retyxa u
Mrneura u qopucosate ux, oneauuctso qeteu ue crpasunoce. etu pucosanu cxenatu+uyk cpequkk
rypuy (cn. puc. 24). 3tu orMtM rosopt o otcytctsuu y qeteu c ynctseuuou 'ueqoctato+uoctek ronuoeuuMx
rpeqnetuMx opasos, enoctuMe opasM saneaaktc parneutanu unu cxenou. 3tu pucyuru rpu cpasueuuu
ux c pucyuranu sqoposMx qeteu noryt rosopute, so-repsMx, o ton, +to cnoso-uauneuosauue ue sMsMsaet y
atux qeteu cootsetctsykaero rpeqnetuoro opasa, so-stopMx, snecto uyuoro opasa sosuurakt routanuua-
uu, uarpunep, rtuM u usotuoro, s-tpeteux, qeertM rpoctpauctseuuoro pacronoeuu opasa, uarpunep
pacronoeuue uor y ryp, oaee qn rnacca usotuMx, s-+etseptMx, cxenatu+uocte pucyura.
8 III cepuu orMtos, s rotopou qetu qonuM Mnu qopucosMsate rpeqnetM qo uassauuMx un'rnaccos
rpeqnetos, tare ouapyusanuce oauru s pucyurax, oquaro ux rpu+uua neana s otcytctsuu cssu cnosa c
socrpoussoqunMn pucyuron: qetu, qopucosMsa rpeqnet, ue cootuocunu ero c saqauuMnu cnosanu oeo(u,
p,|me, a paota c actpartuMn parneuton pucyura, ouu ue nornu qate eny, uassauue. 3mu da++ee
voc,m coeopume, no eceu eepo+m+ocmu, o usonupoea++ocmu, e +e cucmev+ocmu opasoe-npedcmaene+uu, o
+ecopvupoea++ocmu ce+seu npedvem+ex opasoe c |o+me|cmov , demeu c ,vcmee++ev +edopaseumuev.
IV cepu orMtos rorasana ronuoe otcytctsue tsop+ecroro sputeneuoro soopaeuu, otcytctsue crocouoctu
r artyanusauu rpeqnetuMx sputeneuMx opasos u saneaeuue ux cxenatu+ecrunu urypanu. etu snecto
rourpetuoro rpeqneta pucosanu nuo tpeyroneuuru, nuo rsaqpatM, nuo otrasMsanuce ot sMronueuu sa-
qauu.
Veueaee ronu+ectso oauor uneno necto s V (repertusuou) cepuu orMtos. etu s ocuosuon rpasuneuo
sMronunu saqauue ua rnaccuurauk usotuMx ro opasan. 0auru unenu necto nuae s
ceucuunusuposauuMx rpoax.


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"HE 8lAk"
8ATA"
Puc. 24. Pucyuru qoaroneuuros c pe+esou ratonorueu u ynctseuuMn ueqopassutuen.
Tarun opason, y qeteu qoaroneuoro sospacta c uerpyMnu pe+esMnu pacctpouctsanu, ocnoueuuMnu
uapyaeuuen uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu nerrou ctereuu, Mnu ouapyeuM qeertM sputeneuoro
rpeqnetuoro saronuuauu u ysuasauu, a tare uapyaeuue s cepe sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu,
rposnkauxc s ux equoctu, cxenatu+uoctu, +aae scero s ux parneutapuoctu, a tare s ucraeuuu cssu
c cootsetctsykaun -cnoson-uauneuosauuen.
Auanus arcrepuneutaneuoro natepuana ro 2-u rpyrre ucrMtyenMx rorasan cneqykayk raptuuy. 8 otnu+ue ot
qeteu 1-u rpyrrM, ucrMtyenMe 2-u rpyrrM s I cepuu orMtos repsou +actu arcrepuneuta ua sputeneuoe
ysuasauue u saronuuauue ue cqenanu uu oquou oauru. 8o II (rounurtuou) cepuu Mnu nuae equuu+uMe
oauru c stopu+uou ropperueu, oquaro sua+uteneuo ysenu+eu nateutuMu repuoq neqy ctunynon u
pearueu u sMpaeu roucr netoqon rpo u oauor. 0en saronuuauu s cpequen 34 raptuuru.
8 repsMx +etMpex cepux stopou +actu arcrepuneuta y qeteu ouapyusaetc uapyaeuue sMqeneuu
cyaectseuuMx otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta. 8 I u so II cepux orMtos unenoce paccornacosaue
neqy ux pucyuranu u uassauunu rpeqnetos, tpyquoctu artyanusauu uauneuosauuu uapucosauuoro unu
rpeqneta, aneneutM ueysuasauu saqauuou +actu rpeqneta, rotopyk tpeyetc qopucosate qo enoro (III
cepu orMtos). 8 IV cepuu orMtos, rar y qeteu 2-u rpyrrM, tar u 1-u, ouapyusanace equocte sputeneuMx
opasos, oquaro pucyru, a cneqosateneuo, u opasM




"0KA"
'|00A +E0EKA"

Puc. 25. Pucyuru qoaroneuuros c pe+esou ratonorueu.
rpeqnetuM, ue cxenatu+uM, s uux otcytctsyet parneutapuocte, rotopyk nM uankqanu y qeteu 1-u rpyrrM c
ynctseuuou ueqoctato+uoctek (puc. 25).
8 V (repertusuou) cepuu orMtos y qeteu 2-u rpyrrM onee sMpaeua ratonoru sputeneuoro
quepeuuposauuoro rpeqnetuoro socrputu, qetu +acto otuocunu oquux usotuMx r rpyrre qpyrux,
cxoux ro opne.
Tarun opason, y qeteu nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta c onee sMpaeuuMn uapyaeuuen arcrpeccusuou pe+u
rpu otcytctsuu uutennertyaneuou ueqoctato+uoctu ro cpasueuuk c qetenu 1-u rpyrrM sputeneuoe
saronuuauue u ysuasauue rpeqnetos uapyaeuM uesua+uteneuo, cepa spumene+ex npedvem+ex opasoe
ma|e ed+a, +o npedvem+a. 8 atou rpyrre ucrMtyenMx ouapyusaktc, tar e rar u s 1-u rpyrre, qeertM
sM+neueuu cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta, cootueceuu cnosa c pucyuron. +to racaetc sputeneuoro
socrputu, to ouo orasanoce onee uapyaeuuMn y 2-u rpyrrM ucrMtyenMx, c onee sMpaeuuMnu
qeertanu yuruu uasMsauu.
CpasuuteneuMu auanus natepuana qsyx rpyrr ucrMtyenMx rossonet cqenate uerotopMe rpeqronoeuu. Te
uapyaeuu sputeneuou rantu, socrputu u rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, rotopMe ouapyeuM s
orMtax, xapartepuM nuae qn qeteu c ratonorueu pe+u u uutennerta, uo ue unekt necta y uopnaneuMx qeteu
toro e sospacta. anee, qn qeteu c onee sMpaeuuou ratonorueu pe+u, u rpeqe scero uasMsauu,
xapartepuMn snetc uapyaeuue sputeneuoro socrputu u sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos, +to noet
rosopute o roppenuu uapyaeuu uasMsauu u sputeneuou cepM (socrputu u opasos); s to e spen spu-
teneua orepatusua rante ctpaqaet s neueaeu ctereuu," uo oua orasMsaetc rpyo uapyaeuuou y qeteu
qoaroneuoro sospacta c uutennertyaneuou ueqoctato+uoctek. / rpyrrM qeteu c uutennertyaneuou
ueqoctato+uoctek neueae ctpaqaet sputeneuoe socrputue, uo +to racaetc opasa-rpeqctasneuu, to ou
orasanc rpartu+ecru uecopnuposauuMn.
3. 056YAEhhE PE3YbTAT0.h66E0AhhP
ony+euuMu arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan qaet sce ocuosauu qn rpeqronoeuu o cssu uapyaeuu unu
uecopnuposauuoctu pe+u u uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu c qeertanu sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro
socrputu u sputeneuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu rpeqnetos (oertos).
8 arcrepuneute Mna ouapyeua pasuua coctouu socrputu, rpeqnetuo-opasuou rantu u cepM
opasos-rpeqctasneuuu s cny+ax tonero pe+esou saqepru u pe+esou saqepru c ynctseuuou
ueqoctato+uoctek. n qeteu c ynctseuuMn ueqopassutuen xapartepuo rpyoe uapyaeuue sputeneuo-
rpeqnetuoro saronuuauu u ysuasauu, s ocuose rotoporo neat qeertM roqsuuoctu uepsuMx rpoeccos,
uueptuocte sputeneuo-rpeqnetuMx opasos. pu artyanusauu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu (ryten pucosauu ro
cnosy, ro saqauuony uapucosauuony parneuty rourpetuoro rpeqneta unu ro actpartuMn urypan)
ouapyusanace uecopnu-posauuocte cepM sputeneuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, rposusaac s
parneutapuoctu pucyuros, s otcytctsuu ux enoctuoctu, s routanuuaux. pu saqepre pe+esoro passutu,
uaoopot, sputeneuo-rpeqnetua rante ouapyusaet ue tarue rpyMe qeertM, rpu+en rposnktc ouu
tonero s ceucuunusuposauuMx ycnosux, uo rpyo roctpaqanu socrputue u ysuasauue rpeqnetos. Pucyuru
qeteu c saqeprou pe+esoro passutu otnu+anuce ot pucyuros qeteu c ynctseuuMn ueqopassutuen csoeu
enoctuoctek, otcytctsuen routanuuauu, uo qn uux Mno xapartepuo otcytctsue otnu+uteneuMx rpusuaros
rpeqnetos, rotopMe qetu rar ue socrpuuunanu s rpoecce orosuauu u rnaccuurauu raptuuor, tar u ue
socrpoussoqunu s pucyurax. Auanus pucyuros qeteu oeux rpyrr rorasan, +to xapartepucturu
yuruouaneuoro coctouu cepM opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, oaue qn atux rpyrr qeteu, ato
nano+ucneuuocte opasos, uapyaeuue ux quuanuru, equocte soopaeuu.
pu cpasueuuu pesynetatos arcrepuneuta ro artyanusauu rpeqnetuMx opasos y sspocnMx u qeteu c
saqeprou pe+esoro passutu u ynctseuuou ueqoctato+uoctek ouapyusaktc rpuuuruaneuMe pasnu+u. /
sspocnMx oneuMx c aasueu, sosuurakaeu rpu ropaeuuu saqueu pe+esou souM, octaetc coxpauuou
enoctuocte opasa, ero rnoaneuMu uuterpatusuMu opas u uapyaaktc rourpetuMe opasM. / qeteu c
ynctseuuou ueqoctato+uoctek s oquux cny+ax otcytctsyet enoctuMu u ten onee uuterpatusuMu opas, s
uanu+uu unektc nuae parneutM opasa, otcytctsykt ue tonero cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru rnacca rpeqneta,
uo u ocuosuMe ero +actu, a uepeqro sosuurakt ucraeuuMe opasM. 8 qpyrux cny+ax rpeqnetuMe opasM
saneaaktc oaunu cxenanu. / sspocnMx oneuMx c aasueu rpu ropaeuuu repequeu pe+esou souM tare
uapyaaetc rnoaneuMu, uuterpatusuMu opas, uo ou saneaaetc rourpetuMnu opasanu, tar unu uua+e cs-
sauuMnu c oaun opason. 3ta ce+s+ocme opasoe otcytctsyet y qeteu 1-u rpyrrM. / qeteu 2-u rpyrrM c
saqeprou tonero pe+esoro passutu opasM ye rpeqnetuM, uo ue coqepat s cee otnu+uteneuMx
cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros. enoctuocte opasos u uuterpatusuocte tare eae ue copnuposauM, uo
saneaaktc ouu ue cxenatu+ecrunu unu ucraeuuMnu opasanu, rar y qeteu c uapyaeuuMn uutennerton, a
opasanu rpeqnetuMnu.
Vouo qynate, +to rar neqy ynctseuuMn ueqopassutuen u uecopnuposauuoctek cepM opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu, tar u neqy uecopnuposauuoctek rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu u saqeprou
pe+esoro passutu cyaectsyet ssaunocsse. 3tot natepuan rossonet qynate o orpeqeneuuou ponu
(enocm+ocmu, u+mec-pamue+ocmu u ce+s+ocmu opasoe spumene+o-npedvem+ou nav+mu, a ma|e u
cnoco+ocmu eevne+e+u+ c,(ecmee++ex npus+a|oe npedvema dn+ o(eco ncuxuvec|oco paseumu+,
paseumu+ pevu u u+menne|ma.
ony+euuMe arcrepuneutaneuMe qauuMe qakt ocuosauue qn opnynuposauu uerotopMx netoqu+ecrux
peroneuqauu rpu oy+euuu qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen, rpeqe scero c saqeprou pe+esoro passutu. 8
rparture socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu s ra+ectse oquoro us seqyaux netoqos socctauosneuu yuruu
uasMsauu ucronesyetc netoq, rotopMu nM uasMsaen rpnMn pe+esMn netoqon, rocronery ou uarpasneu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
ua sarperneuue uerocpeqctseuuou cssu neqy cnoson u raptuurou ryten rostopeuu, say+usauu. 3tot
netoq (cnoso rpeqnet cnoso), rar rorasMsaet rpartura, oner+aet opnuposauue rpoecca uasMsauu.
0quaro ue so scex cny+ax ratonoruu pe+u y qeteu atot netoq noet Mte aertusuMn xot M ro tpen
ocuosauun:
so-repsMx, us-sa sosnouoro uapyaeuu (unu uecopnuposauuoctu) +ysctseuuou ocuosM cnosa u, s
+actuoctu, sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu;
so-stopMx, qae s cny+ae coxpauuoctu +ysctseuuou ocuosM cnosa cana netoqura ucrnk+aet ee
ucronesosauue, tar rar oua rpeqycnatpusaet paoty tonero ua pe+eson yposue u uruopupyet qpyrue yposuu
cnosa;
s-tpeteux, raptuura s atou netoqure snetc nuae unnkctpaueu, uo ue rpeqneton qeuctsu. . C.
8Mrotcruu rucan, +to cano ro cee say+usauue cnos u cssMsauue ux c rpeqnetanu ue rpusoqut r
opasosauuk routu
1
. |nnkctpau s oquux cny+ax urpaet pone artopa, crococtsykaero artyanusauu
unekaeroc cnosa, ero rpuronuuauuk, s qpyrux oua sarpernet ye unekauec cssu cnosa c
rpeqnetanu.
Ecnu ouapyeuo uapyaeuue opasuou cepM, atot netoq speqeu, tar rar s ny+aen cny+ae nouo rony+ute
nuae opnaneuMu aert uay+euu, uo ue oy+euu; ronuoeuua pe+e ue yqet copnuposaua, cnoso ue
yqet sMctyrate so sceu csoeu nuorosua+uoctu. ae yctauosneuue cssu rpeqnet rourpetuoe cnoso
uenes csoqute r equuu+uMn u tonero sepaneuMn accouaun.
Artusuoe snaqeuue cnoson tpeyet cosqauu asM pe+u, t. e. +ysctseuuou ocuosM, u rpeqe scero
rpeqnetuMx sputeneuMx opasos, c oquou ctopouM, u yneuu artusuoro qeuctsu c rpeqneton c qpyrou.
oatony uan rpeqctasnetc, +to paota uaq passutuen pe+u y qeteu c ratonorueu pe+u qonua ua+uuatec c
netoqos, opnupykaux sputeneuMe socrputu u opasM-rpeqctasneuu, ux to+uocte,
quepeuuposauuocte u roqsuuocte. Tara paota rpeqronaraet ucronesosauue uesepaneuMx netoqos
ua uesepaneuon natepuane.
leoxoquno ysenu+usate oen sputeneuou rantu, opnuposate sputeneuoe socrputue u rpeqnetuMe
opasM rpu ronoau netoqos rnaccuurauu rpeqnetos ro otqeneuMn rpusuaran u ra+ectsan, rose ro
seqyaeny rpusuary rnacca; netoqos rnaccuurauu saaynneuuMx rpeqnetos u c ronoaek netoqa
pucosauu. Pucosauue cua+ana ro opasy, saten ro rantu, a rose u ro cnosy noet crococtsosate
opnuposauuk sputeneuMx rpeqnetuMx rpeqctasneuuu. 3ty e saqa+y peaaet netoq nerru us rnactunuua.
Vetoq qopucosMsauu s cuctene yrasauuMx netoqos yqet crococtsosate opnuposauuk ooaeuuMx
sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu u ux pasuoopasuk, oratctsy soopaeuu. apanneneuo qonua uqtu paota
uaq opnuposauuen rpeqnetuMx qeuctsuu, t. e. uaq yneuuen qeuctsosate c rpeqnetanu, uassauu rotopMx
otpaatMsaktc (nora, coso+er, xne, seqpo). Tonero rose, rocne qocturuytMx ycrexos ua yposue
sputeneuMx rpeqctasneuuu u rpeqnetuMx qeuctsuu c peaneuMnu rpeqnetanu, nouo repexoqute r paote ua
pe+eson yposue, oquaro c oropou ua raptuury. Knaccuurau, pucosauue, nerra rpeqronarakt
rpeqsneuue opasa, rotopoe corposoqaetc cootsetctsykaun cnoson, u nuae rose saqauu
sMronuktc qetenu tonero ro cnosecuou uuctpyruu, t. e. ro cnosy uauneuosauuk rpeqneta.
:
8Mrotcruu . C. Cop. co+.: 8 6 t.- V., 1982.T. 2.C. 123.
C qetenu c ueqopassutuen pe+u, ocnoueuuMn ynctseuuou ueqoctato+uoctek, peroneuqyetc paota ua
natepuaneuon (unu natepuanusosauuon) yposue (ro . F. lanerepuuy). eteu cneqyet oy+ate cpucosMsauuk
+acto sctpe+akauxc rpoctMx rpeqnetos, anououaneuo sua+unMx qn uux u sctpe+akauxc s ux urposou (u
qpyrux suqax) qeteneuoctu (n+, qonur, qepeso, ctarau, urpyara, atou xnea u qp.). CpucosMsauue qonuo
corposoqatec cnosonuauneuosauuen rpeqneta u orucauuen ero csoucts u yuruu. ocne
cpucosMsauu u cnMcnosoro oMrpMsauu rpeqneta (us +ero cqenau, qn +ero uyeu, set, opna, sryc u t.
q.) atot e rpeqnet pucyetc ro rantu c rocneqykaun cpae+uea+uev ooux pucyuros c saqauuou raptuurou.
oqupaktc rpeqnetM us oquou cnMcnosou rpyrrM. ocne atoro auanoru+uMn opason otpaatMsaetc
qpyra cnMcnosa rpyrra. Cneqykauu aar cpasueuue rpeqnetos us pasuMx rpyrr u t. q. octereuuo
cneqyet repeutu r paote uaq artyanusaueu opasa-rpeqneta: cua+ana cpucosMsauue ro rantu, saten
qopucosMsauue +actu qo enoro u t. q. 3ta paota qonua corposoqatec oayrMsauuen rpeqnetos,
rotopMe cpucosMsaktc, qeuctsunu c uunu (urpa s n+, rutee us +aaru u "t. q.). 3ertusuMn netoqon
opnuposauu rpeqnetuoro opasa socrputu u opasa-rpeqctasneuu snetc rouctpyuposauue rpeqneta
us pasposueuuMx ero +acteu: cua+ana ro opasy, a rose ro rantu, t. e. ro cyertusuony opasy-
rpeqctasneuuk.
octereuuo nouo repexoqute r paote ua pe+eson yposue, oquaro c oropou ua raptuury. Knaccuurau,
pucosauue, nerra, oayrMsauue rpeqnetos, cnyaauue ux ssyrosMx xapartepuctur u qpyrue netoqM qonuM
sectuce ro opasy, corposoqakaenyc cootsetctsykaun cnoson, u n*uae rose tonero ro cnosy uaune-
uosauuk rpeqneta.
|snoeuuMe s oaen suqe netoqM opnuposauu y qeteu cnosa uauneuosauu rpeqneta qonuM Mte u
rnasuMnu s tou cuctene netoqos,.rotopa uarpasneua ua opnuposauue (unu socctauosneuue) pe+u y
peeura.
VM orucanu nuae oquu us parneutos rpeoqoneuu pe+esMx qeertos, yrasas ua saueuayk pone
opnuposauu +ysctseuuou cepM cnosa y qeteu (u ue tonero sputeneuou, uo u ocsateneuou, tartuneuou
ctopou rpeqneta) qn rocneqykaero ctauosneuu pe+u.
8ocrputue otqeneuMx rpeqnetos sosuuraet y qeteu rosquo. | repsu+uoe cnoso y peeura ecte ue uassauue
rpeqneta, a ero qeuctsu unu qeuctsu c uun. oatony paote uaq uasMsauuen rpeqneta qonua
rpeqaectsosate paota uaq qeuctsunu c rpeqnetanu u sepaneuMn oosua+euuen atux qeuctsuu. Tonero
tarun opason nouo cosqate y peeura routue, a saten ero cnosecuoe oosua+euue.
VM usnounu netoqu+ecrue peroneuqauu nuae s oaen suqe, otpaakaen rpuuuruaneuyk ctopouy
oy+euu pe+u (u rpeqe
scero uassauuk) qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen. Paspaotra uauonee aertusuMx netoqos oy+euu
qeteu nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta c oaun ueqopassutuen pe+u u uapyaeuunu +teuu, rucena u c+eta
snetc oquun us canMx artyaneuMx sorpocos cospeneuuou rpartu+ecrou nequuuM u qeertonoruu.
8 onactu teopuu u netoqos oy+euu qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen cqenauo nuoro, uo ten ue neuee
octaetc eae nacca uepeaeuuMx sorpocos. 8 +actuoctu, tpeyet qaneueuaero usy+euu sorpoc o netoqax
ocneqosauu qeteu nnaqaero aroneuoro sospacta c oaun ueqopassutuen pe+u, c ynctseuuou ueqoctato+-
uoctek. 3ertusuocte oy+euu cssaua co nuorunu artopanu, s +actuoctu c artopon
quepeuuposauuoro roqxoqa r qeerty, r netoqan ero rpeoqoneuu. 8qece ronoraet rpanotuo rposeqeu-
uoe ueuporcuxonoru+ecroe ocneqosauue oneuoro peeura.
partura oy+euu qeteu, auanus nutepatypM u qauuMe ueuporcuxonoruu yrasMsakt ua ty orponuyk pone,
+acto uey+utMsaenyk, rotopyk urpaet rpasuneuo u taateneuo rposeqeuuoe ocneqosauue coctouu sMcaux
rcuxu+ecrux yuruu peeura, uyqakaeroc s uarpasneuuon oy+euuu.
lan rpeqctasnetc, +to ueuporcuxonoru+ecroe ocneqosauue peeura ato saqa+a, rotopyk qonuM
peaate cosnectuo spa+, nororeq u ueuporcuxonor. 0cuosua ene ocneqosauu ouapyeuue rnasuoro
sseua uapyaeuu s raqMu repuoq oy+euu peeura. Knuuu+ecrue quaruosM, c rotopMnu peeuor roctyraet
ua oy+euue r nororeqy, ue scerqa otpaakt rpupoqy u ten onee nexauusnM uapyaeuu pe+u, ouu roq+ac
nuae rouctatupykt uanu+ue toro unu uuoro qeerta. 0M+uMe qn rnuuuru pe+esMe quaruosM
ueqopassutue pe+u, saqepra pe+esoro passutu, qucrpa-u, qucnercu nano ronorakt nororeqy s
roqMcrauuu aqersatuMx netoqos paotM ro ucrpasneuuk unu rpeoqoneuuk qeerta. |ssectuo, +to rpu
oquon u ton e rnuuu+ecron quaruose nouo uankqate pasuMe rcuxoratonoru+ecrue raptuuM uapyaeuuu
rcuxu+ecrux yuruu peeura. cuxu+ecrue yuruu, u rpeqe scero pe+e u nManeuue, cnouM ro csoeny
ctpoeuuk, u ux rpoterauue, rar ussectuo, sasucut o't cosnectuou paotM nuorux sseuees. oatony pe+e unu
uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte noryt orasatec uapyaeuuMnu ro canMn pasuMn ocuosauun, u s
sasucunoctu ot toro, raroe sseuo oraetc uapyaeuuMn, qeert rpuopetaet ty unu qpyryk opny; Kpone
toro, opna qeerta pe+u, uarpunep, sasucut u ot ssaunoqeuctsu ee c qpyrunu rcuxu+ecrunu yurunu, ot
ux ronouteneuoro unu otpuateneuoro snuuu ua qeert, ot nu+uoctu peeura, ot ero pearuu ua csou
qeert u ot otuoaeuu orpyarux sspocnMx u qeteu u t. q.
0y+euue qeteu c ueqopassutuen pe+u rpeqycnatpusaet socctauosneuue asM pe+u, ee ocuosM: uyuo
paotate uaq to+uoctek u o6o6meuuocs socrputu (u rpeqe scero rpeqnetuo-sputeneuoro, sputeneuo-
rpoctpauctseuuoro, tartuneuoro), uaq yqepauuen
socrpuutoro, uaq ysenu+euuen oena socrputu. | tonero roton nouo repexoqute r ope+esneuuk
socrpuuunaenoro unu rpeqctasnenoro rpeqnetuoro nupa. eteu, oy+akauxc s creuaneuMx aronax u c
tpyqon ycsausakaux rpanoty, tare ueoxoquno uccneqosate ua coctouue asosMx ocuos pe+u. 0y+ute
qeteu rpanote yrse (a cneqosateneuo, ruceny u +teuuk}, upe (a saten routuk +ucna u c+ety), rotopMe
snktc ooaeuuMn u actparuposauuMn opason peaneuou rpeqnetuou qeuctsuteneuoctu, uesosnouo,
ecnu y peeura ue copnuposaua rourpetua qeteneuocte c peaneuMn rpeqnetuMn nupon.
8 canon qene, qn toro +toM peeuor uassan rpeqnet, uyuo, +toM y uero Mn, c oquou ctopouM, to+uMu, a
c qpyrou ooaeuuMu opas atoro rpeqneta, uyuo ero yneuue rpu socrputuu pqa rpeqnetos eevne+ume
cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru uyuoro rpeqneta, cpae+ume ero c qpyrunu, omenevec+ ot uecyaectseuuMx rpu-
suaros u t. q., u tonero torqa artyanusupyetc cootsetctsykaee cnoso-uauneuosauue. A ato ye ecte ue
tonero pe+esa, uo u sepaneuo-uesepaneua nMcnuteneua qeteneuocte. Astonatusau atoro rpoecca
roctereuuo rpusoqut r corpaaeuuk rpoecca uasMsauu u r otxoqy
0
(uo ue r otpMsy) ot csoeu ocuosM
rpeqnetuoro socrputu u r corpaaeuuMn nMcnuteneuMn qeuctsun. Tar roctereuuo opnupyetc artusuMu
rpoecc uasMsauu u artusuoe yrotpeneuue cnos-uauneuosauuu s pe+u. |neuuo s atou cssu oy+euue
qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen ue noet ua+uuatec es rsanuuuposauuoro ueuporcuxonoru-+ecroro
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
ocneqosauu coctouu scex sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, es sMsneuu toro ocuosuoro sseua, rotopoe
neut s ocuose ratonoru+ecrou raptuuM uapyaeuu pe+u y peeura. leoxoqun tare u y+et otrpMtoro . C,
8Mrotcrun saroua repexoqa yuruu ssepx, cornacuo rotopony ropaeuue y qeteu onee uusrux yposueu
oprauusauu 81 ueratusuo snuet ua sMcauu yposeue ux oprauusauu, +to rar pas noet sutec rpu+uuou
saqepru oaero rcuxu+ecroro unu pe+esoro passutu, s to spen rar y sspocnMx oneuMx sMcauu yposeue
ronreucupyet uapyaeuuMe yuruu ua*ux uusaen yposue oprauusauu. 3tot sarou ueoxoquno y+utMsate
rpu ocneqosauuu qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen c enek yctauosneuu yposu uapyaeuu
(uecopnuposauuoctu) tou unu qpyrou sMcaeu rcuxu+ecrou yuruu u rpu ux oy+euuu.
Tonero suauue rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM qeerta, ueupo-rcuxonoru+ecroro cuuqpona, rsanuurauu
ocuosuMx cunrtonos uapyaeuu noet yrasate nororeqy ryte u netoqM oy+euu. la ueoxoqunocte
roqouoro roqxoqa r ocneqosauuk uapyaeuuMx yuruu y qeteu c ratonoru+ecrun passutuen 81
(saqeprou passutu pe+u u qp.) u r ux oy+euuk yrasMsaet ue tonero teopu, uo u rpartura paotM c
roqouMnu qetenu. partura rorasana, +to y qeteu c ueqopassutuen scex ctopou pe+u sMqeneuue seqyaero
uapyaeuuoro sseua u uarpasneuua paota uaq uun rpuuoct narcunaneuMu ycrex. /+et cuctenuoro aerta
u rpuneueuue s
cootsetctsuu c atun creuaneuMx netoqos oy+euu crococtsosanu passutuk u qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux
rpoeccos, cssauuMx tar unu uua+e c uapyaeuuMn sseuon. Tar, uarpunep, pauu nercu+ecra
ueqoctato+uocte pasnu+uoro reuesa u ctereuu uapyaeuu r 89 roqan noet rosne+e sa coou ucraeuue
yctuoro sMcrasMsauu, rouunauu opaaeuuou pe+u, noruro-rpannatu+ecrue satpyqueuu, uapyaeuue +teuu
u scex suqos canoctoteneuoro rucena, rpoctpauctseuuoro ruosuca, ueuseuo rpuseqet r uapyaeuuk c+eta
u c+etuMx orepauu y qeteu.
8Mqeneuue ocuosuoro, seqyaero artopa s raqon qauuon cny+ae u uarpasneuuoe rcuxonoro-reqaroru+ecroe
sosqeuctsue ua uero s rpoecce oy+euu rossont ycreauo passute sce yrasauuMe ctopouM pe+u. 8ce ato
ctasut sorpoc o ueoxoqunoctu paspaotru aertusuMx netoqos ocneqosauu qeteu, a tare u paspaotru
cootsetctsykaux netoqos ux creuaneuoro oy+euu.
Auanutu+ecruu ueuporcuxonoru+ecruu roqxoq r ocneqosauuk rcuxu+ecrux yuruu y peeura, u rpeqe
scero pe+u, qoneu Mte uarpasneu ue tonero ua sMsneuue ocuosuoro, seqyaero qeerta, uo u ua
yctauosneuue ero cuctenuoro snuuu ua passutue qpyrux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.
lauoneaee suunauue c uaaeu to+ru speuu, rpu ocneqosauuu pe+u qonuo Mte yqeneuo ue ctonero
coctouuk pe+u y peeura s qauuMu noneut, cronero coctouuk tex rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, rotopMe
reuetu+ecru snktc rar M ocuosou, asou, ua rotopou sosuurakt pe+e u pe+esMe yuruu, tar rar
ocuosua rpu+uua noet ropeuutec uneuuo sqece, s ton nupe oayaeuuu u rpeqctasneuuu, sputeneuMx u
aryctu+ecrux opasos (ux quepeuupo-sauuoctu u rpo+uoctu)
1
.
Tarun opason, nM sarou+unu auanus, arcrepuneutaneuMx qauuMx u ux teopetu+ecroe ocnMcneuue,
racakauxc npo6neus uapymeu o6paios-npeqcasneu, rpu pasnu+uMx ro noranusauu u
atuonoruu ropaeuux nosra. VM rpatro oruaen oayk raptuuy uapyaeuu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, ux cssu
c torurou ropaeuu nosra, aasueu u s enon c pe+ek. 8ce atu-sorpocM uyqaktc s qaneueuaen
arcrepuneutaneuon u teopetu+ecron usy+euuu, oquaro ye ceu+ac ua ocuosauuu u
aaux
arcrepuneutaneuMx
qauuMx nM noen cqenate uerotopMe orpeqeneuuMe sMsoqM.
3to racaetc rpeqe scero arta sosuuruoseuu uapyaeuu repertusuMx opasos u opasos-rpeqctasneuuu
rpu ropaeuuu u repequeu, u saqueu pe+esMx sou nesoro ronyaapu nosra. 0rasanoce, +to qeertM opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu tecuo ssaunocssauM c uapyaeuunu pe+u rar rpu aasuu s/enon, "tar u c pasuMnu ee
opnanu. Kaqa us opn aasuu ouapyusaet pasnu+uMe
1
lanu cosnectuo c nororeqon T. V. Kysueosou paspaotaua tara cuctena ueuporcuxonoru+ecrux netoqos ocneqosauu qeteu c
auonaneuMn passutuen, rotopa rpoana qnuteneuyk arpoauk u orasanace secena aertusuou.
turM u sarouonepuoctu uapyaeuu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu. peqe scero nM ouapyunu, +to opasM-
rpeqctasneuu uapyaaktc ua pasuMx yposux u sasuct ot toruru ropaeuu nosra. lapyaeuu yposuesou
oprauusauu opasuoro nManeuu u pe+u rpu aasuu uaxoqtc s tecuou ssaunocssu u ssaunosasucunoctu.
Tar, uapyaeuu yposu rnoaneuoro opasa u coxpauuocte rourpetuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos rpu ropaeuuu
repequeu pe+esou souM (rpu aepeutuou notopuou aasuu) ue unekt necta rpu ropaeuuu
rocteutpaneuMx otqenos nosra (saqu pe+esa soua). 8o stopon cny+ae, uaoopot, uapyaaetc
artyanusau rourpetuMx rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, uo octaetc coxpauuMn yposeue ooaeuuMx,
rnoaneuMx opasos. pocnatpusaetc ot+etnusa csse qeertos s cepe opasuoro nManeuu c
qeertanu pe+u: s repson cny+ae ouapyusaetc uapyaeuue cnMcna u coxpauuocte rpeqnetuMx sua+euuu
cnosa, a so stopon uapyaeuue rouunauu u artyanusauu rourpetuMx qeuotatusuMx sua+euuu u
coxpauuocte ncnMcna.
|utepecuMn uan rpeqctasnetc u art +ap,ae+u+ npedvem+o-opas+oco |o+me|cma, eos+u|as(eco npu
nopae+uu npe(e+mpane-+ex so+ vosca u save(e+u+ eco usonupoea++evu opasavu, eos+u|as(uvu e
omeem +a cmuv,n nsou vodane+ocmu. opae+ue nocm(e+mpane+ex omdenoe vosca, +aoopom, |a| e
|ovne+camop+o ,cunueaem coxpa++eu opas+eu |o+me|cm u eedem | +ap,ae+us opvupoea+u+ u
a|m,anusa(uu |o+|pem+ex npedvem+ex opasoe-npedcmaene+uu.
laae uccneqosauue cepM opasos, ux cssu c pe+ek u ponu s sepaneuo-noru+ecron, a tare u s uarnquo-
opasuon nManeuuu rorasano, +to opasM ue cyaectsykt rar arynetatusuMe opasosauu u +to ouu, ro
sMpaeuue V. Denis, snktc ue rpocto rtMn ronecon, eryaun csooquo, s rcuxonoru+ecrou cepe +e-
nosera, a snktc ctpyrtypuo-yuruouaneuMn opasosauuen uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, s ton +ucne
u nManeuu.
ony+euuMu uanu natepuan roqtsepqaet u ronoeuue A. l. eouteesa o ton, +to opas s uopne ue
cyaectsyet s otqeneuoctu, usonuposauuo ot routercta. 0tqeneuoe cyaectsosauue opasa noet sctpe+atec
nuae rpu ratonoruu nosra. 3tot euoneu ouapyunc s uaaux arcrepuneutax, s rotopMx nM uankqanu
uapyaeuue routercta opasos, ocoeuuo +etro rposnkaeec rpu ropaeuuu saque-nouMx u nouMx
otqenos nosra. laau orMtM rorasanu, +to y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nosra ucraaetc u cenautura opasa,
uocutenen rotopou ou snetc. Ero rpeqnetua otueceuuocte u sua+euue uapyaaktc rpu ropaeuuu
suco+uMx u teneuuo-suco+uo-repeque-satMno+uMx otqenos, a cnMcn rpu ropaeuuu repequux otqenos
nosra. pu ratonoruu nosra s uaaux cny+ax opas uapyaaetc rar aneneut nupa, +to ue noet ue crasatec
otpuateneuo ua rpoterauuu nManeuu, rocronery ussectuo, +to nM ...noen nMcnute ue tonero
osneueuusu routunu, uo u opasanu, rar ato c ocoou o+esuquoctek qorasMsaet cyaectsosa-
uue netaop u sooae xyqoectseuuoe nManeuue'. Vatepuan rorasan, +to y oneuMx c noraneuMnu
ropaeuunu nosra, c aasueu, ctpaqaet nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc, srnk+akauu s ce, rar rucan C. .
Pyuuateuu, ...s equuctse u ssaunorpouuruoseuuu c routunu... onee unu neuee ooaeuuMe opasM-
rpeqctasneuu
2
.
8auo otnetute, +to aasu u uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou sepaneuou u uesepaneuou qeteneuoctu ue
rpocto cuueuue pe+u u uutennerta qo yposu uutennertyaneuoro passutu peeura, rar qo cux rop c+utakt
uerotopMe uccneqosatenu, a ecte creuu+ecroe uapyaeuue pe+u u uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu sspoc-
noro +enosera.
3tu qeertM unekt coctseuuyk creuu+ecryk ctpyrtypy, nexauusnM sosuuruoseuu u sarouonepuoctu
rpoterauu. VM nornu yequtec s aton, auanusupy natepuanM arcrepuneutaneuoro uccneqosauu opasuou
qeteneuoctu y qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen. VM suqenu, uarpunep, +to u qn qeteu c saqeprou pe+esoro
passutu, u qn qeteu c ynctseuuou ueqoctato+uoctek xapartepuMn snetc uecopnuposauuocte
rnoaneuoro, uuterpatusuoro opasa. / qeteu c ynctseuuMn ueqopassutuen atot qeert corposoqaetc
otcytctsuen rpeqnetuMx opasos, saneaakauxc cxenanu, ucraeuunu, ueyneuuen sMqente
cyaectseuuMe rpusuaru rpeqneta, a y qeteu c saqeprou pe+esoro passutu xot u uneetc rpeqnetuocte s
ux rourpetuMx opasax, uo tare otcytctsyet rnoaneuMu opas. lu oquu us atux cunrtonos ue
ouapyusaetc rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra y sspocnMx oneuMx. 0quaro s enon artM, rony+euuMe
uanu s orMtax u co sspocnMnu oneuMnu, u c qetenu c auonaneuMn passutuen, rorasMsakt sauyk pone
cepM opasos-rpeqctasneuuu s opnuposauuu u rpoterauuu pe+esou u uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu,
tecuoe ssaunoqeuctsue atux suqos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
Ecnu ucxoqute us rpeqctasneuuu A. l. eouteesa o opase ue rar raptuure, a rar cnouon opasosauuu,
rotopoe opnupyetc ueotqenuno ot opnuposauu suauuu u sua+euuu, u +to raptuua nupa opnupyetc
+epes opas, to ctauosutc routuMn, +to uecopnuposauuocte rpeqnetuMx opasos'y qeteu c otrnoueuunu
s passutuu u ux uapyaeuue y sspocnMx oneuMx c aasueu seqet ue tonero r pe+esMn auonanun, uo r
qeertan sceu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, rotopMe sMsMsaktc pasuMnu rpu+uuanu (artopanu). 3tu
qauuMe cneqyet y+utMsate ue tonero rpu usy+euuu ratonoruu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, &" ton +ucne
cepM opasos, ue tonero rpu auanuse qeerta c quaruoctu+ecrou enek, uo u rpu paspaotre creuaneuMx
netoqos oy+euu oneuMx qeteu u sspocnMx nkqeu, aqersatuMx rpupoqe, nexauusny u rcuxonoru+ecrony
coqepauuk qeerta.
1
Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t.V., 1989.T. 1.C. 371.
2
Tan e.
+acs 3. hAPYUEhhE h 066TAh0EhhE hA|Ph0-Eh6TEhh0|0
HbUEhhP (hA PhHEPE K0h6TPYKThh0h EPTEbh06Th)
1. P06EVA | VET0|KA |CCE08Al|F
8 te+euue qnuteneuoro speneuu rcuxonoru yrpoaeuuo rouunanu rpartu+ecryk uutennertyaneuyk
qeteneuocte, csoq ee nuae r qsurateneuMn qeuctsun. Tarue ssrnqM rpotusoroctasnnu uarnquo-
qeuctseuuoe nManeuue otsne+euuony sepaneuony nManeuuk. Cospeneuua rcuxonoru ue suqut s atux
suqax nManeuu rpuuuruaneuMx pasnu+uu. 8 uarnquon nManeuuu, rar ctano ussectuo, pe+e y+actsyet rpu
auanuse uarnquou cutyauu unu qsurateneuMx qeuctsuu, oua sMronuet yuruk sMqeneuu cyaectseuuoro
u otsne+euu ot uecyaectseuuoro s atux cutyaux, auanusupyet ycnosue saqa+u, rpuuunaet y+actue s
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
coctasneuuu rnaua u ctpateruu peaeuu. CospeneuuMe uccneqosauu yrasMsakt ua sua+uteneuyk pone
suytpeuueu pe+u rpu peaeuuu uarnquo-qeuctseuuMx saqa+. +to racaetc rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM
uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro nManeuu, to ouo srnk+aet te e ocuosuMe ctpyrtypuMe equuuM u te e atarM
rpoterauu rpoecca. Peaeuue rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ ato oqua us opn uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro
nManeuu. n
8 atou +actu nM octauosunc ua auanuse uapyaeuu rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu rpu pasnu+uMx ro
noranusauu ropaeuux nosra.
leuporcuxonoru+ecrue uccneqosauu rorasanu, +to uapyaeuu rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu sasuct ot
noranusauu ropaeuu nnosra. n cpasuuteneuoro auanusa Mnu sstM qse rpyrrM oneuMx: oneuMe c
ropaeuunu meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nesoro ronyaapu u oneuMe c ropaeuunu no+ex qoneu
nosra.
8 ra+ectse netoqa uccneqosauu nM ucronesosanu auporo ussectuyk s rcuxonoru+ecrou nutepatype
netoqury |,u|oe |ooca. 8 atou netoqure uneetc uaop roctereuuo ycnoukauxc opasos
reonetpu+ecrux uryp (uapucosauuMx ua raptouuMx rapto+rax) u 16 otqeneuMx ryuros, ctopouM rotopMx
orpaaeuM s pasuMe seta (s oquu unu s qsa seta, pasqeneuuMe ro quarouanu). 6oneuMn rpeqnaranoce
roctpoute us atux-ryuros urypy ro saqauuony opasy.
Cnouocte peaeuu qauuou rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u sarnk+anace u ton, +to s oneauuctse cny+aes
uerocpeqctseuuoe sMronueuue saqauu ro opasy uesosnouo, tar rar aneneutM rouctpyr-

Puc. 26.
uu s uerocpeqctseuuon socrputuu ue cosraqakt c aneneutanu, us rotopMx qonua Mte roctpoeua
rouctpyru. pasuneuony sMronueuuk saqauu qoneu rpeqaectsosate npo(ecc nepeaupoe|u
aneneutos opasa s te aneneutM, us rotopMx noet Mte roctpoeua urypa ro qauuony opasy. laae
uccneqosauue pasqennoce ua qse +actu: s repsou us uux nM usy+anu ocoeuuoctu sMronueuu
cootsetctsykaux saqauuu oneuMnu; so stopou +actu nM rorMtanuce rpocnequte rytu ronreucauu
qeertos rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu c ronoaek cootsetctsykaux scronorateneuMx npocpavv. 3ta +acte
paotM rossonuna rposepute rpeqronoeuu o ocuosuMx artopax, neaaux s ocuose uankqaenMx
uapyaeuuu, u nue roqoutu r auanusy nexauusnos uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu,
neaaux s ocuose raqou us uankqaenMx opn ratonoruu.
3rcrepuneutaneuoe uccneqosauue rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu Mno rposeqeuo ua 22 6onsusx c teneuuo-
satMno+uMn o+aron ropaeuu u ua 17 oneuMx c ropaeuunu nouMx qoneu nosra. 8cen oneuMn
qasanace yctuo u ruceneuuo oquuarosa rpocta uuctpyru: epeq 8anu ryuru. |x nuoro, uo sce ouu
oquuarosMe. 8ce ctopouM raqoro ryura orpaaeuM s pasuMe seta. lerotopMe us ctopou unekt oquuarosyk
orpacry. 8an yqet qau opase, ua rotopon uapucosaua reonetpu+ecra urypa; 8an uyuo roctpoute us
ryuros to+uo taryk e urypy. ocne uuctpyruu raqony oneuony qasanc canMu rpoctou opase (puc.
26), s paote c rotopMn oneuou qoneu Mn ycsoute saqauue. PesynetatM uccneqosauu rorasanu pesroe
pasnu+ue s rpoterauuu rpoecca peaeuu qauuMx saqa+ y oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+-uMnu u nouMnu
ropaeuunu nosra. 3tu pasnu+u ua+uuanuce c canoro ua+ana orMta, ye c roqxoqa oneuoro r peaeuuk
saqa+u.
2. hAPYUEhhE h 066TAh0EhhE hA|Ph0-Eh6TEhh0|0 HbUEhhP Ph 0PAAEhhh TEHEhh0-3ATb0+
hbX 0TE0 H03|A
6oneuMe c teneuuo-satMno+uMn o+aron ropaeuu Mnu artusuM u eneuarpasneuuM. 8Mronueuue saqauu
ouu ua+uuanu c auanusa sputeneuoro opasa u ctpouteneuoro natepuana, us rotoporo qonua Mte
sMronueua rouctpyru. 0uu suunateneuo usy+anu opase, +acto rporosapusanu scnyx, raroro ^seta urypa,
ua +to oua roxoa, rMtanuce roqc+utate ro opasy uyuoe ronu+ectso ryuros; ouu paccnatpusanu sce
ctopouM ryura u sMqennu te, rotopMe uyuM qn coctasneuu urypM. lepeqro atu oneuMe ua ocuose
usy+euu opasa cosqasanu rpasuneuyk o(,s cxev,, rnau roctpoeuu urypM, yrasMsa, +to ctpoute
urypy uaqo o pqan csepxy, uaqo cnotpete ua raqMu pq otqeneuo. Tonero rocne tarou
rpeqsaputeneuou opue+mupoe|u s saqauuu u cosqauu o(eco nna+a roctpoeuu urypM oneuMe
rpuctyranu r uerocpeq-
ctseuuony peaeuuk rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u. 8 rpoecce roctpoeuu urypM ouu roctouuo opaaanuce r
opasy, rMtace cnu+ute csou pesynetat c ucxoquMn qauuMn. 6oneuMe atou rpyrrM rputu+uo oeuusanu
sMronueuue saqauu: y uux uepeqro sosuurana ypua anououaneua pearu, sMssauua cqenauuMnu
oauranu u ocosuauuen csoeu uecoctoteneuoctu.
0cuosuMe tpyquoctu s peaeuuu rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u ua+uuanuce rpu repexoqe r +enocpedcmee++ov,
nocmpoe+us uc,pe, t. e. rpu repexoqe r sMronueuuk rourpetuMx orepauu, rotopoe rpeqronaraet
rpasuneuoe pacronoeuue otqeneuMx aneneutos rouctpyruu s rpoctpauctse.
Kar nM ysuqun uue, y oneuMx atou rpyrrM coxpaueua ro+tu sc ctpyrtypa uutennertyaneuoro arta
opue+mupoeov+a+ oc+oea qeuctsu, yneuue yqepusate roue+uyk (ene u cosqasate oayk cxev, roctpoeuu,
rotopa opnupyetc y oneuoro ua ocuose qauuMx, rony+euuMx ryten artusuoro auanusa opasa; y uux
coxpauetc u rouunauue ueoxoqunoctu roctouuoro routpon sa csounu qeuctsunu.
lecnotp ua taryk coxpauuocte ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, saqa+a oM+uo rno'xo peaaetc
atunu oneuMnu. lu oquu oneuou us orucMsaenou -rpyrrM canoctoteneuo ue peaun uu oquou cronero-
uuyqe cnouou rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u. 6oneuMe nornu peaate nuae canMe rpoctMe saqa+u, ue tpeykaue
repeauposru equuu uerocpeqctseuuo socrpuuunaenou ctpyrtypM opasa ua equuuM rouctpyruu.
eutpaneuMu qeert rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu y atux oneuMx cssau c +e,ve+uev pacnonacame
aneve+me |o+cmp,|(uu e npocmpa+cmee s cootsetctsuu c qauuMn opason. |neuuo s cssu c atun
qeerton oneuMe qauuou .rpyrrM +acto ue nornu cpasuute sMronueuuyk urypy (unu ee +acte) c opason u
qonuMn opason oeuute oaury. 3ta uecoctoteneuocte oneuMx ocosuasanace u rputu+ecru oeuusanace
unu.
8qece rpeqctasnetc sauMn cuosa yronuyte, +to qeuctsu routpon ue uapyaaktc y atou rpyrrM
oneuMx co ctopouM ocosuauu ero ueoxoqunoctu u co ctopouM rotpeuoctu s uen, t. e. routpone
coxpauetc rar ctpyrtypua equuua uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, uo uapyaaetc orepauouaneuoe
sseuo routpon.
0patunc r auanusy rourpetuMx uankqeuuu.
6oneuou X- (uct. onesuu N 36938), 60 net, co cpequun opasosauuen. octyrun s |uctutyt ueupoxupypruu un. l. l. 6ypqeuro c
anoanu ua arunertu+ecrue rpuraqru, rotopMe rpoteranu c rotepeu cosuauu, u ua yxyqaeuue pe+u. 8eqyaunu cunrtonanu s
rnuuu+ecrou raptuue saonesauu sunuce cunrtonM, yrnaqMsakauec s cuuqpon ropaeuu rocteutpaneuMx u uuueteneuuMx
otqenos nesoro ronyaapu c rpasoctopouuun renurapeson, c nerrun uapyaeuuen +ysctsuteneuoctu crpasa, rpyMnu qeertanu
pe+u, +etrun o+aron ratonoru+ecrou artusuoctu (ua anertpoaueanorpanne) s nesou teneuuo-suco+uou onactu.
|nena necto sMpaeuua rureptesuouua cunrtonatura c sactouuMnu cocranu sputeneuMx uepsos ua que rnas. CtsonosMe cunrtonM
sMpaanuce s suqe pesroro orpauu+euu ssopa ssepx, s sMcorux cyxouneuMx penercax c oeux ctopou.
la orepauu y oneuoro Mna yqaneua oryxone oneaux pasnepos (nyne-tuopnua crouruonactona) us nesou teneuuo-
satMno+uou onactu.
ocne orepauu r noneuty ua+ana uaaeu paotM c oneuMn coctouue ero yny+aunoce. lactyrun perpecc oaenosrosMx u
noraneuMx cunrtonos c socctauosneuuen qsueuuu s rpasMx roue+uoctx. 8 rcuxonoru+ecrou raptuue saonesauu r atony speneuu
y oneuoro unenu necto ot+etnusMu cuuqpon rpoctpauctseuuMx pacctpoucts ruosuca u rparcuca; octatru suco+uou aasuu u
aepeutua notopua aasu. 8 +teuuu u rucene rposnnuce aneneutM ortu+ecrux pacctpoucts s ysuasauuu yrs.
6oneuony naetc opase N I u uuctpyru: octpoute taryk e urypy us ryuros. 0u ueysepeuuo sMrnaqMsaet qsa ryura
entMu u rpacuMu, cnotput ua opase u ua csok urypy u rosoput:
let, +to-to ue tar. (1)

06PA8E N1 (1)

(Cuosa cnotput ua opase.) 8qece spoqe ato... +e...etMpe ryura... sot tar (ctpout rpasuneuo). (2)
(2)
6oneuony qaetc o p a s e N 2. 0u qonro cnotput ua uero, repec+utMsaet raneen ryuru rar yqto toe +etMpe
(ueysepeuuo). 6epet +etMpe ryura, orte cnotput ua opase. lurar ue noet coopasute, rar ctpoute, c +ero ua+ate.
8epx ue coopay... ua+uy c atoro sot... cuusy. octpoun rpasuneuo. (1)

Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
06PA8E N2

Terepe tyt rorpoyk. (2)
(2)
(Cnotput ua opase.) let... spoqe ue tar, tyt sot tar. (aneen rorasMsaet ua tpeyroneuur u cuosa ctpout uerpasuneuo.) (3)

Xapartepuo, +to qeteneuocte atoro oneuoro scerqa ua+uuanace c artusuoro rpocnyausauu uuctpyruu. la repson sautuu ou saqan
uecronero sorpocos ro yto+ueuuk qauuou uuctpyruu: Kyuru sce oquuarosMe? ...rpocto ux nuoro? ...a set sauo sMupate?
8uunateneuo rpocnyaas u yto+uus uuctpyruk, oneuou cpasy e rpuctyran r paote. 0u suunateneuo paccnatpusan ryuru, saten
auanusuposan opase, rMtace roqc+utate ronu+ectso aneneutos-rsaqpatos ua opase. lepeqro ou oauanc s roqc+ete, u torqa
rpuxoqunoce qasate eny oner+euuMu sapuaut toro e opasa, c oosua+euuen routypos tex ryuros, us rotopMx uaqo Mno crpoute
rouctpyruk. 0auru oneuoro uocunu xapartep onmu|o-npocmpa+cmee++ex +ap,ae+uu. Xapartepuo to, +to ctouno qate oneuony
opase, ua rotopon Mnu uaueceuM rpauuM ryuros u rotopMu ucrnk+an tpyquoctu ronu+ectseuuoro auanusa aneneutos, tpeyenMx
qn peaeuu saqa+u, rar oneuou ua+uuan sMrnaqMsate uyuoe ronu+ectso ryuros. Csepus ronu+ectso rsaqpatos ua opase u
ronu+ectso ryuros ua ctone, oneuou rpuctyran r roctpoeuuk urypM. 0quaro tpyquoctu ua+uuanuce s sseue rourpetuMx orepauu c
ryuranu. Cyq ro sMcrasMsauun oneuoro, ou ot+etnuso rpeqctasnn cee o(uu nna+ roctpoeuu urypM. la sorpoc
arcrepuneutatopa 0 veco 3e +av+eme cmpoume uc,p,? (o p a s e N 7) oneuou otse+aet: 8ot 7 ryuros... a tyt (rorasMsaet ua
opase) toe 1... cuuero u entoro seta... Ctpoute rar yqy... sot otckqa. (orasMsaet ua sepxuuu pq.) 0eepx,? a, qa, csepxy.
|a|a+ uc,pa e nepeov p+d,? le suak, rar oua uasMsaetc... +to-to spoqe tpareuu.
0quaro, ua+uua ctpoute urypy, ou uurar ue nor cootuectu rpoctpauctseuuoe pacronoeuue ryuros,
uaxoqauxc ua ctone, c rpoctpauctseuuMn pacronoeuuen aneneutos ua opase. orMtru cnu+euu
roctpoeuuou urypM c opason ue rpusoqunu r ycrexy. 6oneuou orop+anc, uepeqro otrasMsanc ot
qaneueuaux rorMtor, rosopun: le coopay uurar... +ero-to tyt ue rouunak, ue rouunak sooae, rar tyt
sce ato cqenate... 6oneuou +acto can ucran rytu sosnouou ronreucauu csoux tpyquocteu. Tar, ye ua rep-
sMx sautux, rorqa sce rorMtru roctpoute urypy orasMsanuce taetuMnu, ou rpueran r cneqykaeny
rpueny. 0u pan ryur u ctasun ero uerocpeqctseuuo ua opase, rocne +ero ryur octopouo repeuocunc ua
cton, saten cneqykauu ryur ctasunc ua cneqykauu rsaqpat opasa u tar e octopouo roqctpausanc r
repsony ryury s pq u t. q. Cynes canoctoteneuo rpeoqonete ocuosuou qeert, cssauuMu c orepauouuMn
sseuon, ryten +enocpedcmee++oco npunauea+u+ ryura r opasy oneuou cnor roctpoute ro qauuony eny
opasy urypy. 3tot art ueconueuuo csuqetenectsyet o ton, +to sc qeteneuocte Mna uapyaeua tonero
s orepauouuon sseue.
puseqen sMrucru us rpotorona arcrepuneuta.

3tarM rouctpyruu oneuoro 3e npaeune+o cdenanu? Koue+uo, uet, uo ue nory. (1)
06PA8E N1

lu+ero ue rouunak. (2, 3)
ly sot, seqe sot... ucran uarpasneuue, ryqa, ctasute... terepe sce. (4)
(la+uuaet ctpoute cuusy.) Tar, cqenan yuqaneut. (1)
(1)
06PA8E N2

lurar ue rony+aetc... ue rouunak tyt +to-to... ronosa ue coopaaet: seqe ato sce rpocto. (2, 3) ,/

(3)

VuororpatuMe rorMtru ue rpusoqt r ycrexy. 8ce spen cnu+aet pesynetat c opason, uo esycreauo. |uorqa octaetc
uesane+euuMn rpasuneuMu sapuaut scneqctsue toro, +to eny ue scerqa yqaetc cnu+ute csou sapuaut c opason (otras). (48)

(5)

(6)

Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
poecc peaeuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ ro netoqure Kooca, orucauuMu s qauuon uankqeuuu, o+eue
xapartepeu qn scex teneu-uo-satMno+uMx oneuMx. lankqaenMe y otqeneuMx oneuMx sapuautM peaeuu
rpuuuruaneuo ue otnu+aktc qpyr ot qpyra. 6oneuMe scerqa satpyquktc s auanuse tpeyenMx
npocmpa+cmee++ex coom+oae+uu, u otnu+ue oquux oneuMx ot qpyrux suytpu atou rpyrrM racanoce nuae
ctereuu sMpaeuuoctu, rpyoctu qeertos rpoctpauctseuuoro ruosuca.
Tarun opason, (e+mpane+ev dee|mov +ap,ae+u+ |o+cmp,|mue+ou de+mene+ocmu , amou cp,nne
one+ex +en+emc+ +ap,ae+ue npocmpa+cmee++oco eocnpu+mu+. 8aqa+eu oy+euu u snetc rpeoqoneuue
atux qeertos c enek socctauosneuu rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu.
occauosensuoe o6yueue koucpyksuo qeensuoc
n socctauosneuu uapyaeuuMx orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMx orepauu Mna sMpaotaua cootsetctsykaa
cuctena rocneqosateneuMx qeuctsuu u orepauu, rotopMe oneuou qoneu Mn sMron-
ute c ueyrocuuteneuou to+uoctek, +toM rpeoqonete csou tpyquoctu. 3ta cuctena u snnace npocpavvou
deucmeuu oneuoro ro peaeuuk rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u, rpeqctasnkaeu coou vamepuanusoea++,s opv,
de+mene+ocmu, |omop,s mpeoeanoce copvupoeame +a oc+oee npocpavve. porpanna coctona us
uecronerux ryurtos, sMronueuue rotopMx rossonno oneuMn sMronuute uapyaeuuMe y uux
rpoctpauctseuuMe orepauu. K ryurty 7 rporpannM oneuMn rpeqsnnace tanua, c ronoaek rotopou
ouu sMronunu orepauu ro orpeqeneuuk rpoctpauctseuuoro uarpasneuu aneneutos rouctpyruu s
cootsetctsuu c opason.
porpanna
1. lauqute repsMu pq ua opase.
2. 8arpoute nucton ynaru sce uuuue pqM.
3. /raute, rara rnasua urypa s repson pqy.
4. lapucyute aty urypy.
5. Kaqa tara urypa coctout us otqeneuMx yrnos (tpeyroneuuros) .
6. Coctasete repsMu pq. 0cuosuyk urypy ctpoute us rpnMx yrnos (tpeyroneuuros).
7. n atoro orpeqenute, ryqa cnotput raqMu rpnou yron:

8. To+uo tar e ctpoute stopou pq, tpetuu pq u t. q.

TA6|A N1
porpanna rpeqycnatpusana ronreucauk qeertos rpoctpauctseuuoro ruosuca, socctauosneuue yneuu
opueutuposate ryuru s rpoctpauctse cootsetctseuuo saqauuony opasy.
8topa +acte rporpannM (tanua 1) rpeqctasnna coou ee uauonee cyaectseuuyk +acte. la atou tanue
usopaeuM ot qeneuMe tpeyroneuuru (unu, rar nM uasMsaen ux s oy+euuu, rpnMe yrnM),
pacronoeuuMe so scex sosnouMx rpoctpauctseuuMx opueutaux. larpasneuue tpeyroneuura s
rpoctpauctse oeuusanoce ro ronoeuuk ero rpnoro yrna. larpasneuu atux yrnos ua tanue
oosua+anoce ctpenranu. 8 rpeqsaputeneuou paote, rotopa rposoqunace cosnectuo c reqaroron, oneuou
oy+anc crocoy uaxoqeuu uarpasneuu yrna unekaeroc ua pucyure opasa, rpu+en eny
paspeaanoce ctasute ryur nuae rocne toro, rar ou rpoqenMsan cootsetctsykauu auanus u orepauu c
otqeneuMnu tpeyroneuuranu.
8ce oneuMe atou rpyrrM Mctpo (sa 23 yrpaueuu) ycsausanu rporpanny, t. e. coqepauue u
rocneqosateneuocte yrasauuMx s rporpanne qeuctsuu. larnaqMsate ryur ua cxenM, usopaeuuMe s
tanue, u ten onee ua opase sarpeaanoce ro routuou rpu+uue: atot rpuen rossonn
0
oneuMn
oxoqute qeert, uo ue cosqasan ocuosM ero artusuoro rpeoqoneuu.
PesynetatM paotM oneuMx c rporpannou orasanuce ronouteneuMnu. ocne 23-rpatuMx rpo paotM c
qauuMnu tanuanu, cua+ana orupace ua ronoae reqarora, oneuMe scrope ua+uuanu canoctoteneuo
rpuneute qauuMe un rpuenM.
poecc rouctpyuposauu c ronoaek rporpannM cua+ana rpoteran neqneuuo, passepuyto, scerqa ucronesy
sueauue oropM. octereuuo, ro nepe ycsoeuu rporpannM u opnuposauu uyuMx rpoctpauctseuuMx
orepauu (ssepx-suus u uapyy-suytpe), qeuctsue ro peaeuuk rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u corpaaanoce. Xa-
partepuo, +to rocne 2-^-3 sautuu atu oneuMe rpeunyaectseuuo opaaanuce ue r oaeu rporpanne, a r
tanue, rotopa rossonna opnuposate onpedene++eu cnoco deucmeu+ rpu peaeuuu rouctpyrtusuMx
saqa+ oneuMnu, y rotopMx Mna qeertua onepa(uo++a+ cmopo+a rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu.
puseqen rpotoronM, unnkctpupykaue usnoeuuMe ronoeuu.
6oneuony X. sa+utMsaetc rporpanna u ocuetc ua rourpetuMx rpunepax paota c tanueu 1. pu aton eny qaktc
ocueuu, +to tarue rpnou yron, rorasMsaetc ua opase u ua ryure. eqaror cootuocut ronoeuue rpnoyroneuoro
tpeyroneuura ua ryure c rpoctpauctseuuMn pacronoeuuen tpeyroneuuros, unekauxc s opase. ocne atoro oneuou rMtaetc
canoctoteneuo paotate c tanueu 1.
Tar... sqece, sua+ut... sot tyqa (rorasMsaet uarpasneuue qsueuuen ranea ssepx)... ara... , sua+ut, roctasnk ryur tar.
ocvompume, npaeune+o nu 3e nocmaeunu. A-a, tyt ue rocnotpen... ou cnotput tyqa u ckqa (rorasMsaet raneen uarpasneuue
suytpe), sua+ut, ssepx u suytpe, ryur ctasnk tar (cnotput ua opase u ua csou ryur). 8ot, rpasuneuo.
ocne uecronerux yrpaueuuu oneuou canoctoteneuo paotaet, ronesyce
rporpannou u tanueu. 0u o+eue neqneuuo, uo esoauo+uo roctpoun ua aton ypore urypM ro opasan N 2, 3, 5.
Korqa oneuony Mn qau opase N 6, ou rorMtanc roctpoute roMctpeu u cpasy e qoryctun oaury.
Kar yqto uerpasuneuo, a? lenpaeune+o! 6yqy neqneuuo raqMu ryur cnotpete. (1)

06PA8E N6 (1)

(2)

let, +to-to ue tar, rposepk, sqece suus, a y neu ryqa-to ue tyqa... u ato sot tyqa... uapyy. (2)
+to-to ue tar, a-a, routuo (cnotput s tanue 1), ato ckqa... u orte ckqa. (3, 4) n
(3)


Terepe tar? lar. | t. q. (5)
(5)
VM suqun, +to rporpanna, qurtykaa croco qeuctsu, pacrpMsakaa rytu rpoctpauctseuuoro auanusa
aneneutos c ronoaek passeptMsauu u sMueceuu uapyy +actuMx orepauu, cosqaet ycnosu qn
uopnanusauu rpoterauu*toro sseua uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro nManeuu, scrpMsa ten canMn nexauusnM
ero uapyaeuu. 8 aton rcuxonoru+ecra cyauocte rporpannM.
3tu orMtM roqtsepqunu rurotesy o ton, +to rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra
rouctpyrtusua qeteneuocte uapyaaetc s sseue ruoctu+ecrux rpoctpauctseuuMx orepauu
u ux cssu c ueoxoqunMnu notopuo-qsurateneuMnu orepaunu.
Auanus qeuctsuu oneuMx s rpoecce ux rorMtor roctpoeuu urypM ro opasy rorasMsaet, +to oneuMe
unekt ctouroe uanepeuue u ene roctpoute urypy, y uux coxpauua u oaa opueutuposra s saqauuu: ouu
yto+ukt saqauue ryten rpasuneuou roctauosru sorpocos, rMtaktc roqc+utate ronu+ectso ryuros ua
opase u roqrotasnusakt uyuoe ux ronu+ectso; ouu ycreauo sM+neukt oayk urypy (suytpeuuue
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
orepauu), rotopyk uyuo roctpoute u uautu eu pao+ee uassauue. Coctasnkt ouu u oauu rnau qeuctsuu
(cua+ana uaqo roctpoute ocuosauue u t. q.)
8ce tpyquoctu ua+uuanuce rpu sMronueuuu rourpetuMx qeuctsuu u orepauu ro opueutuposauuk ryuros s
uyuMx rpoctpauctseuuMx otuoaeuux qpyr r qpyry. 8c ux qeteneuocte u pesynetat raqoro ux aara
coroctasnnc c opason. 0quaro kouponsuse qeuctsu oneuMx ue rpusoqunu ux r uyuony pesynetaty,
tar rar rposepra toe tpeyet sMronueuu orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMx orepauu ro cootuoaeuuk ucronou
urypM c opason.
VM suqun, +to y oneuMx uanuo tar uasMsaena uccneqosatenecra artusuocte u eneuarpasneuua
qeteneuocte. 3to uccneqosatenecroe roseqeuue, ruaet 0. K. Tuxonupos, sasucut ot ctoaeu repeq
ucrMtyenMn saqa+u, otpaaet rpupoqy atou saqa+u u sMronuet yuruk uaxoqeuu peaeuu qauuou saqa-
+u '. euctsu u orepauu oneuMx otpaanu rpupoqy saqa+u u Mnu uarpasneuM ua r.oucr ee peaeuu, u s
atou ee +actu uccneqosatenecra qeteneuocte y atux oneuMx coxpauua, uo oua ue sMronuna yuruk
+axode+u+ peaeuu saqa+u.
3to ronuoeuuoe uccneqosatenecroe roseqeuue oneuMx, uarpasneuuoe ua yctauosneuue rpoctpauctseuuMx
ssaunootuoaeuuu aneneutos urypM, ue seqet oneuMx r ucronony pesynetaty us-sa uapyaeuu suytpeuuux
orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMx orepauu u ux ssaunoqeuctsu c sueauunu qsurateneuMnu qeuctsunu. ocnequue
y atou rpyrrM oneuMx ue xaotu+uM, ouu eneuarpasneuuM, uo ue unekt uyuou ruoctu+ecrou ocuosM.
onuoeuuyk u ronuyk opueutuposo+uyk ocuosy qeuctsu oneuMe c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx
otqenos nosra cosqate ue noryt ro rpu+uue uapyaeuu orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMx u orturo-qsurateneuMx
orepauu.
oatony uccneqosatenecrux qeuctsuu sqece orasMsaetc neueae, +en rpartu+ecrux--qsurateneuMx qeuctsuu,
oquaro sce ouu snktc roucrosMnu u s aton cnMcne eneuarpasneuuMnu.
cuxonoru+ecra cyauocte rporpannM sarnk+anace s ton, +to oua sMuocuna sosue (arctepuopusosMsana)
suytpeuuue orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMe orepauu, natepuanusosMsana u sepanusupo-sana ux. 8
rocneqykaen rpoucxoquna roctereuua uutepuopu-
Tuxonupos 0. K. cuxonoru nManeuu.V., 1984.C. 44.
sau atux sueauux, passepuytMx orepauu u qeuctsuu u astonatusau peaeuu atux saqa+.
3. lAP/LEl|E lAlFl0-E|CT8Ell0l0 VbLEl|F / 60blbX C 0PAXEl|EV 06lbX 0E| V08lA
Cosepaeuuo rpotusoronouyk raptuuy nM ouapyusaen, rar tonero repexoqun r auanusy peaeuu tex e
rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ oneuMnu c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra.
/e rpoctoe uankqeuue sa roseqeuuen atux oneuMx s cutyauu peaeuu saqa+u, ux otuoaeuue r
uuctpyruu u r pesynetatan csoeu qeteneuoctu c canoro ua+ana yeqakt, +to sqece nM uneen qeno c
cosepaeuuo qpyrou opnou ratonoruu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
peqe scero opaaaet ua ce suunauue non+oe omc,mcmeue , amux one+ex opue+mupoeov+o-
uccnedoeamenec|ou de+mene+ocmu rar ueoxoqunoro atara sMronueuu uutennertyaneuoro qeuctsu. 8
rpotusoronouocte rpeqMqyaun, y atux oneuMx uurorqa ue sosuuraet sorpocos uu ro uuctpyruu, uu ro
ycnosuk saqauu, uu ro xoqy ero sMronueuu. 0tcytctsykt u notusM qeteneuoctu, uanepeuu. K peaeuuk
ouu rpuctyrakt es rpeqsaputeneuoro auanusa saqa+u unu opasa. 0tcytctsue auanutu+ecrou qeteneuoctu,
rpeqsapkaeu peaeuue, ectectseuuo rpusoqut r uesosnouoctu cosqauu oaero rnaua sMronueuu
saqauu. poecc peaeuu saqa+u y atux oneuMx ue rpeqctasnet coou equuyk cucteny, s rotopou
otqeneuMe orepauu noru+ecru cssauM neqy coou s equuyk rporpanny qeuctsuu, cootsetctsykaux
ycnosuk saqa+u. |x rorMtru peaeuu +acto ue sMxoqt sa rpeqenM parneutapuMx, ue oycnosneuuMx
oaeu rporpannou orepauu. Koutpone-sa csounu qeuctsunu y uux tare otcytctsyet, rar otcytctsyet u rpa-
suneua oeura sMronueuu saqa+u.
0cooe satpyqueuue y atux oneuMx sMsMsano sMronueuue rouctpyruu ro opasan, tpeykaun
creuaneuoro auanusa ctpyrtypM u repeauposru aneneutos opasa s aneneutM rouctpyruu. 6oneuMe c
rpyo sMpaeuuMn nouMn cuuqponon, rar rpasuno, ue nornu canoctoteneuo paa+neuute reonetpu+ecryk
urypy, usopaeuuyk ua opase, ua coctasnkaue ee rsaqpatM, cootsetctsykaue ryuran, us rotopMx ouu
qonuM Mnu-roctpoute qauuyk rouctpyruk. Ecnu atun oneuMn rpeqnaranoce- coc+utate ronu+ectso
rsaqpatos, us rotopMx noet Mte roctpoeua rpeqnoeuua urypa, to ouu oM+uo repec+utMsanu
uarnquMe, uerocpeqctseuuo socrpuuunaenMe sputeneuMe aneneutM opasa.
lecronero rpunepos noryt unnkctpuposate ato ronoeuue.
6oneua 6. (uct. onesuu N 37494) c oryxonek, pacronarasaeuc s ronkce nouou qonu, yxoqaeu qo anerca u asaneuo, ua
opase sMqenuna tpu rsaqpata.


06PA8E N3
Tar, oneuou /. (uct. onesuu N 29302) c naccusuou oryxonek, sauunasaeu sck rpasyk nouyk qonk ot ronkca qo ee saquux
otqenos u ot rousercutane-uMx otqenos qo ocuosauu repequeu +eperuou nru u rpopactasaeu s nesyk qonk, s cpequue ee otqenM,
ua opase N 3 sMqenun cene rsaqpatos.
Taroe roseqeuue c teuqeuueu oeuusate aneneutM nuae ro uerocpeqctseuuony sre+atneuuk ot opasa
xapartepuo qn sceu rpyrrM oneuMx c o+aron ropaeuu s nouMx cuctenax nosra.
0quaro suytpu atou oneaou rpyrrM unektc uuqusuqyaneuMe pasnu+u, cssauuMe rpeqe scero c torurou
ropaeuu nouMx qoneu. lpyrrM nouMx oneuMx rpeqctasnkaux pasuMe sapuautM nouoro cuuqpona, ro-
pasuony rposnkt ce u rpu peaeuuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+. 6oneuMn c asane+ev no+ev cu+dpovov
peaeuue rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ +aae scero rpuuuruaneuo qoctyruo. 0quaro uopnaneuoe rpoterauue
uutennertyaneuoro rpoecca uapyaaetc y uux us-sa rosMaeuuou unrynecusuoctu, rotopa rpusoqut r
usneueuuk oaero roseqeuu oneuMx u r uapyaeuuk quuanuru uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos. Kar rpasuno,
rpu peaeuuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ ouu cpasy e rocne uuctpyruu rpuctyrakt r paote, +aae scero
cosepaeuuo ue opaaace r rpeqsaputeneuou opueutuposre s opase u r auanusy uuctpyruu. lepeqro
uccneqykaeny rpexoqutc cqepusate ux +pesnepuMe nauu-ryntusuMe qeuctsu. Vuorue us oneuMx ua
tpeosauue arcrepuneutatopa cua+ana xopoao paccnotpete opase otse+akt, +to ouu u tar ero ronut u +to
cnotpete ua opase un ue uyuo, uo s to e spenc rpoqonakt ctpoute rouctpyruk, cosepaeuuo ue
aqersatuyk opasy.
6oneuMe qpyrou rpyrrM (rar rpasuno, te, y rotopMx o+ar ropaeuu uaxoqutc s |o+ee|cumane+ex omdenax
no+ex doneu nesoro ronyaapu) noryt sectu ce uua+e. +acto ouu uuartusuM, esMuuuatusuM u s
rpoecce csoeu qeteneuoctu tpeykt roctouuoro royqeuu co ctopouM uccneqykaero. 0quaro qn
oneuMx oeux rpyrr turu+uo omc,mcmeue opue+mupoeov+ou de+mene+ocmu u +ap,ae+ue |o+mponup,s(eu
,+|(uu e+uva+u+ sa rpoeccyaneuou ctopouou qeteneuoctu; uapyaeuue opnuposauu enoctuoro rep-
ertopuoro sputeneuoro opasa u, cneqosateneuo, ysuasauu urypM u saneaeuue enoctuoro socrputu
urypM parneutapuMn. 6oneuMe atou rpyrrM s rpoecce paotM tare ue opaaaktc r opasy, ue
auanusupykt ero, ue coroctasnkt pesyne-
tat csoux qeuctsuu c ucxoquMnu qauuMnu. ae s tex cny+ax, rorqa ux yqaetc sactasute cnotpete ua
opase, ato ue scerqa
rpusoqut r ycrexy. 0paaeuue r opasy noet octasatec y uux opnaneuMn arton, ue seqyaun r
artusuony coroctasneuuk opasa u sMronueuuou urypM. oatony y uerotopMx oneuMx atou rpyrrM nouo
Mno uankqate quccouauk neqy opnaneuMn opaaeuuen r opasy u rpoqonakaunc
uerpasuneuMn roctpoeuuen urypM.
Kar rorasanu uccneqosauu, y oeux rpyrr oneuMx opueutuposo+ua qeteneuocte u canoroutpone
uapyaeuM ro pasuMn ocuosauun. 8 repson cny+ae rpu+uuou snetc rosMaeuua unrynecusuocte,
rpusoqaa r ueroutponupyenMn qeuctsun, so stopon oaa uuartusuocte, uueptuocte ctepeoturos,
rpusoqaa, s +actuoctu, r uerpasuneuony peaeuuk rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u.
0quaro qn scex oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra (s otnu+ue ot oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMn
cuuqponon) xapartepuo, +to u+cmp,|(u+, da++a+ a|cnepuve+mamopov, +e pec,nup,em ux noeede+ue. Xot s
uuctpyruu u rosoputc o ton, +to ryuros nuoro, uo sce ouu oquuarosMe ro pacsetre, oneuMe s cny+ae
oauru s rpoecce roctpoeuu urypM, snecto toro +toM suunateneuo paccnotpete sstMu ryu# u
sMqenute ero uyuyk ctopouy, roctouuo epyt us roporu sce uosMe u uosMe ryuru, +to yrasMsaet ua
cepeesuMu qeert auanutu+ecroro roqxoqa r saqa+e.
|neuuo roatony oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra,'rotopMe ue rposnnu uurarux satpyqueuuu s
sMronueuuu rpoct-' pauctseuuMx orepauu, ue crpasnnuce c rouctpyrtusuou saqa+eu.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
0ctauosunc rpatro ua auanuse peaeuu- uaaux saqa+ oquou oneuou c nerrun nouMn cuuqponon (c
asaneuo-nouMn sapuauton), rotopa sueaue unrouuposana rar +pessM+auuo coxpauua oneua.
6oneua A. (uct. onesuu N 36492), 35 net, opasosauue 7 rnaccos. octyruna s |uctutyt ueupoxupypruu c anoanu ua ronosuMe
onu, ua usneueuue xapartepa 'nctana sna, pasqpauteneua, ua arunertu+ecrue rpuraqru. 0ertusuo y oneuou unenc
sMpaeuuMu rurepteusuouuMu cuuqpon sactouuMe cocru ua que rnas; sMcoroe nursopuoe qasneuue. lesponoru+ecra cunrtonatu-
ra equau: eutpaneuMu rapes VII rapM +eperuo-nosrosMx uepsos cnesa, cuueuue oouuu crpasa, +to s co+etauuu c qauuMnu
33l yrasMsano ua noranusauk rpoecca s rpasou nouo-suco+uou onactu.
6oneua Mna orepuposaua; Mna rpousseqeua peseru ronkca nouou qonu c +actu+uou peserueu enoro seaectsa, rocne +ero
Mna yqaneua apaxuouqsu-qoteneona oneartopuou nru crpasa. 0ryxone Mna pacronoeua asaneuo. leuporcuxonoru+ecroe
ocneqosauue, rposeqeuuoe qo ^tep*uu, sMsnno nuae o+eue nerrue cunrtonM uapyaeuu oeuru putnos u qeuepsauouuMe
tpyquoctu s qsurateneuou cepe. 1opnaneuMe uutennertyaneuMe orepauu octasanuce y oneuou coxpauuMnu.
Vec cryct rocne orepauu ueuporcuxonoru+eere uccneqosauue ouapyuno nerrue qeertM peaeuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+.
Tpyquoctu ucxoqunu, rar roraet rpusoqunMu uue natepuan, ue us rarux-nuo qeertos s rpoctpauctseuuou opueutuposre, a
scneqctsue uapyaeuu eneuarpasneuuoctu s qeuctsux, us-sa otcytctsu rpeqsaputeneuou opueutuposru s opase, us-sa
uectouroctu notusauouuou ctopouM qeteneuoctu.
6oneuou rpeqnaraetc opase N 1.
979

06PA8E N1
6oneua ctpout.

3e npaeune+o nocmpounu? Cnotput ua opase, cneetc: pasuneuo, uy nouo u tar. 6oneuou qaetc opase N3.
06PA8E N3

(0

le rony+aetc, ue suak, rar atu yrnM cqenate. (1) orasMsaet ua sepxuue yrnM. la+uuaet sce cua+ana, repectpausaet urypy, ue
rnq ua opase. orMtru ue sMxoqt sa panru unrynecusuMx, ueoocuosauuMx qeuctsuu c ryuranu. ovev, 3e cmaeume |,u|u
|oco? eped 3avu oe|+oee++eu |eadpam nocvompume +a opase(.
(2)
0ua cpasy es scroro auanusa opasa u es rpoqynMsauu sosnouMx sapuautos peaeuu saqa+u rpuctyraet r roctpoeuuk urypM.
6oneua uueptuo rpoqonaet ctasute ryuru roco.
ocmaeeme |,u|u np+vo. let, ue suak rar, uu+ero ue rony+aetc. (2) 6oneua unrynecusua, Mctpa s qeuctsux. / uee ue Mno
rorMtor cqenate rpasuneuyk urypy, r opasy oua opaaanace peqro. 8 to e spen y uee otne+anace u uerotopa uueptuocte,
rposnsaac s ton, +to oua uurar ue norna sMu-
tu sa rpeqenM pas ua+atMx ek unrynecusuMx qeuctsuu. Ee +acto rpuxoqunoce ctunynuposate r qeuctsuk; unrynecusuo ua+as paoty,
oua Mctpo rperpaaana qeteneuocte, u ee raqMu pas uyuo Mno royqate r rpoqoneuuk paotM. ocne nuoro+ucneuuMx, uo
ecrnoquMx rorMtor oneuou Mn cuosa qau tot e opase (N 3), uo pac+neueuuMu ua coctasnkaue ero rsaqpatM, ua +to Mno
opaaeuo ee suunauue. 0quaro ata opna ronoau ue Mna ek roqxsa+eua u oua rpoqonana uueptuo socrpoussoqute rpeuue
nauurynuu c ryuranu. (1, 2)
Auanus uryp, roctpoeuuMx oneuou, u ux cpasueuue c ucxoquou rorasMsakt, +to oneua ue socrpuuunaet
enoctuyk urypy (opase N 3) rsaqpat, a saten qonur suytpu rsaqpata, uo socrpuuunaet nuae qetane
(+acte) urypM enMu tpeyroneuur u oquy us xapartepuctur urypM rocMe nuuuu, unu quarouanu, yrnM.
3to rposnetc u s ee rourpetuMx yropuMx qeuctsux pacronoeuu ryuros ro quarouanu, u s ee
sMcrasMsauux (le rony+aetc, ue suak, rar atu yrnM cqenate u rocMe nuuuu). oucru yrnos u rocMx nuuuu,
a ue urypM rpoqonaktc u s rocneqykaux ee rpoax. onoae s suqe pac+neueuu enoctuou urypM ua
rsaqpatM ronorna oneua uaana ucxoquyk urypy rsaqpat, oquaro oua cuosa ue cnorna sM+neuute us
oua ocuosuyk urypy qonur, a rpoqonana paotate s roucrax tpeyroneuuros, yrnos u rocMx nuuuu.
8 rpuseqeuuon uanu cny+ae s uapyaeuuu rpoterauu peaeuu saqa+ ot+etnuso sMctyrunu tpu artopa.
0quu us uux otuocutc r ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ato uapyaeuue opnuposauu
repertusuoro opasa us-sa qeertos sM+neueuu urypM us oua; qsa qpyrux otuoctc r rpoeccyaneuou
ctopoue rpoterauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu ato, c oquou ctopouM, rosMaeuua unrynecusuocte
oneuou, a c qpyrou uueptuocte sosuuraux ctepeoturos, rotopMe, rar nM ysuqun uue, nerro rpeoqonunM.
Ectectseuuo rpeqronoute, +to s cny.+ax, rorqa raqMu us atux artopos ctauet onee ot+etnusMn, rpyo
sMpaeuuMn, peaeuue rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ roctpaqaet sua+uteneuo sanetuee.
puseqen rpunepM cny+aes uapyaeuu rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu, s ocuose rotopMx neanu uuMe
artopM, xapartepuMe qn qpyroro sapuauta nouoro cuuqpona.
6oneua . (uct. onesuu N 37495), 42 net, opasosauue 8 rnaccos, cnyaaa. octyruna s |uctutyt ueupoxupypruu c anoanu ua
ronosuMe onu, ua cuueuue speuu. 6oneua Mna auopu+ua s roseqeuuu, u,E
r
P
|T|+l0
otuocunace r csoeny coctouuk. pu
ocneqosauuu y uee Mnu ouapyeuM cuueuue octpotM speuu, roueutpu+ecroe cyeuue roneu speuu, qsyctopouu auocnu
(cuueuue oouuu). la que rnas sMpaeuuMe sactouuMe cocru sputeneuMx uepsos. CyxouneuMe u repuoctaneuMe penercM ua
pyrax usMe, roneuuMe yrueteuM, axunnosM cuueuM. Cnesa sMsMsanc ratonoru+ecruu -penerc 6auucroro. |nen necto
naqouuo-roqopoqo+uMu penerc c oeux ctopou. 8ce suqM +ysctsuteneuoctu Mnu coxpauuM.
6Mna rpousseqeua orepau, s pesynetate rotopou yqaneua apaxuouqauqote-nuona rpasou nouou qonu c ucxoquMn pocton us
repequero uapyuoro yrna repequeu +eperuou nru.
leuporcuxonoru+ecroe uccneqosauue otne+ano oneayk coxpauuocte oneuou. / uee ue Mno arparcuu, ue Mno pe+esMx
pacctpoucts. 6Mnu coxpaueuM nuectu-
+ecrue rpoeccM. 0tne+anoce nute nerroe uapyaeuue quuanuru uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos, rposnsaeec s unrynecusuoctu rpu
peaeuuu saqa+. 6oneua Mna uecronero sqopuuua, uerputu+ua r csoun qeertan. ocne orepauu y uee octasanc tot e
cuuqpon, oquaro tarue cunrtonM, rar unrynecusuocte s rpoterauuu uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos u s roseqeuuu, ueqoctato+ua
oeura csoux qeertos, auopu, ctanu onee rpyo sMpaeuuMnu.
la aton oue rocne orepauu c oneuou Mno rposeqeuo uecronero sautuu ro peaeuuk rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+. lue nM opatunc
r auanusy rourpetuoro natepuana.
6oneuou qau opase N 1.
0ua, ro+tu ue rocnotpes ua opase, unrynecusuo ua+ana ctpoute urypy, roctpous ee us aectu rsaqpatos snecto +etMpex. ,


06PA8E N1
3e npaeune+o nocmpounu uc,p,? pasuneuo, a +to e tyt ctpoute, sce rpocto. 60bl0| qaetc opase N 3.

06PA8E N3
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )

6oneua tare, ue opatus qonuoro suunauu ua opase, otnouna ero s ctopouy u es scroro rpeqsaputeneuoro auanusa
unrynecusuo ua+ana ctpoute urypy, ctpence ucronesosate qn atoro sce ryuru. 3e npaeune+o nocmpounu uc,p,? pasuneuo.
ocvompume +a opase(. 8a+en nue cnotpete? F seqe u tar sce ronuk. ocvompume e+uvamene+o +a opase( u e+uvamene+o
nocn,aaume sada+ue. 3e +enpaeune+o cmpoume. onpo,ume +aumu dp,cou cnoco nocmpoe+u+ uc,pe. 3av +,+o nocmpoume
uc,p, us |,u|oe. 3ce ux +e +,+o pame. 3osevume +,+oe |onuvecmeo, ma|oe, |a|oe mpe,emc+. / amo 3e ,s+aeme, ecnu e+uva-
mene+o nocvompume +a opase(. Paomaume cno|ou+o, +e moponumece.
oronuuteneua cnosecua uuctpyru, roqcrasMsakaa xoq peaeuu saqa+u, ue Mna socrpuuta oneuou. 0ua tar e, rar u
paueae, Mctpo cnotpena ua opase u rocreauo ua+uuana ctpoute urypy es rarux-nuo rorMtor auanusa uuctpyruu u opasa.
3rcrepuneutatop suose rostopet uuctpyruk u opaaaet suunauue oneuou ua to, +to oua uerpasuneuo roctpouna saqauuyk
urypy. 0rte yrasMsaet ua to, +to sqece sauo uautu orpeqeneuuoe ronu+ectso ryuros. ocne atoro oneuou qaetc opase N6.

06PA8E N6
0ua rpoqonaet unrynecusuo paotate, ro+tu ue opaaace r opasy.


(1)
3+uvamene+o cvompume +a opase(. D+ 3av nodc|aem, |a| +ado cmpoume. A sa+en nue cnotpete (cneetc), u tar sce ronuk, y
neu xopoaa rante. 3e ece-ma|u cvompume +a opase( u denaume ma|, |a| mav +apucoea+o. A u tar qenak, rar tan.
lav+ume c+avana. (3rcrepuneutatop paspyaaet ee urypy.) 0vompume +a opase(. *
6oneua cuosa rpoqonaet unrynecusuo socrpoussoqute uarnquyk urypy. VM suqun, rar tpyquo eu otopsatec ot uarnquoro
sre+atneuu, rar oua sce spen unrynecusuo rMtaetc socrpoussectu socrpuutyk sputeneuyk opny es scrux rorMtor auanusa
opasa u routpon csoux qeuctsuu. Cnosecua uuctpyru u cnosecuoe perynuposauue ee qeteneuoctu ue rpusoqunu r ronoutene-
uMn pesynetatan.
0rucauuoe peaeuue rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u oneuou rpeqctasnet coou qosoneuo +etryk raptuuy,
xapartepuyk qn scex oneuMx c asane+o-no+ev cu+dpovov. 3tot- natepuan yrasMsaet ua ot+etnusMe
uapyaeuu rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuoro arta, rotopMe rposnktc e omc,mcmeuu
opue+mupoeov+ou oc+oee deucmeu+ u |o+mpon+ eenon++evou paome. 8cneqctsue atoro peaeuue saqa+u
uqet ro rytu unrynecusuMx rorMtor socrpoussectu aneneutM, rotopMe oneua suqut rpu uerocpeqctseuuon
sputeneuon socrputuu es ux repeauposru s aneneutM rouctpyruu. 1usuonoru+ecrou ocuosou ctpyrtypM
atoro qeerta snetc artop rosMaeuuou unrynecusuoctu u cnaoctu topnosuMx rpoeccos. Pe+e
arcrepuneutatopa ue perynupyet qeteneuocte oneuou.
lecronero qpyryk raptuuy rpu paote c ryuranu Kooca nM uankqaen y oneuMx c sMpaeuuMn cuuqponon,
rpoterakaun rpu seqyaeu ponu aquuanuu u ratonoru+ecrou uueptuoctu {npe-po+mane+eu cu+dpov).
6oneua 6. (uct. onesuu N 37494), 37 net, c sMcaun opasosauuen. octyruna s |uctutyt ueupoxupypruu rostopuo c anoanu ua
ronosuyk one, yxyqaeuue pe+u, cnaoctu rantu. / oneuou Mnu ot+etnuso sMpaeuM aquuanu, anu-nu nua; oneua Mna,
pesro satopnoeua, ueroqsuua, ee uesosnouo Mno srnk+ute s raryk-nuo qeteneuocte. / uee ue Mno ctourou anououaneuou
pearuu ua onesue, ua rpeqctoayk orepauk.
8 uesponoru+ecron ctatyce oneuou otne+euM rapes ssopa ssepx, sactouuMe ncocru sputeneuMx uepsos ua que rnas, ratonoru+ecrue
penercM c oeux ctopou, onee sMpaeuuMe crpasa. +ysctsuteneuocte Mna coxpaueua.
la orepauu Mna yqaneua oneaa suytpunosrosa oryxone nesou nouou qonu, rotopa pacronaranace s ronkce nonou qonu,
yxoquna qo anerca u asaneuo.
leuporcuxonoru+ecroe uccneqosauue, 'rposeqeuuoe qo orepauu, otne+ano y oneuou rpyo sMpaeuuyk acroutauuocte, otcytctsue
artusuoctu rar s qsurateneuou, tar u s rcuxonoru+ecrou cepe. 6oneua Mna aruuetu+ua, ee ro+tu uesosnouo Mno sactasute
sMronuute raroe-nuo saqauue, xot opnaneuo oua ue otrasMsanace ot ero sMronueuu. 8 nkon suqe qeteneuoctu eu
tpeosanace roctouua ctunynu r qeuctsuk ussue. 6oneua Mna uerputu+ua r csoun qeertan, y uee otcytctsosano ctouroe
anououaneuoe otuoaeuue r csoeu onesuu. Pe+e oneuou Mna saneqneuua, uecronero qesastonatusuposaua; ye s croutauuou pe+u
Mna sMpaeua teuqeuu r repcesepaun, s creuaneuMx e rpoax ua yqepauue u socrpousseqeuue pe+esMx pqos
repcesepauu ouapyusanu ce uauonee ot+etnuso. |ueptuocte qpotorauu rpoeccos ouapyusanace u rpu rpoax ua
quuanu+ecruu rpareuc. 6Mno uapyaeuo artusuoe rpoterauue uutennertyaneuMx rpoeccos. 6oneuou Mno ueqoctyruo peaeuue
aneneutapuMx apunetu+ecrux saqa+, Mna satpyqueua rnauupykaa paota c nutepatypuMn tercton.
ocne orepauu, uecnotp ua yny+aeuue ro cpasueuuk c rpeqorepauouuMn coctouuen (oneua ctana uenuoro onee artusua,
uc+esnu repcesepauu us qsurateneuou cepM), y uee octasanc tot e cuuqpon uuartusuoctu, aquuanuu, acroutauuoctu c
ueqoctato+uou rputurou. cuxonoru+ecruu auanus uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu c nutepatypuMn tercton, a tare peaeuu
rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ rorasan, +to s ocuose ratonoruu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu qauuou oneuou neano cuueuue artusuoctu
sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, rotopoe oycnosnusaet uapyaeuue opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu u yuruu
canoroutpon.
pusoqun qauuMe, rony+euuMe rpu peaeuuu saqa+ ua rouctpyrtusuyk qeteneuocte qo orepauu. 6oneuou qaetc o p a s e N I.
0ua, rnq ua opase, otrnaqMsaet ero u ue rpuctyraet r qeuctsuk. Paomaume, epume |,u|, cvompume +a opase(, cmpoume
+,+,s uc,p,. Ceu+ac, ceu+ac yqy ctpoute... yqy paotate (rpoqonaet esqeuctsosate). Tonero rocne toro, rar oneuou Mn
snoeu s oquy pyry ryur, a s qpyryk opase, oua ua+ana ctpoute urypy.
le rnq ua opase, oneua roctasuna +etMpe ryura s qsa pqa oquu ua qpyrou, ue roqupa seta, ue saotce o opne
urypM, rotopyk tpeosanoce roctpoute.


06PA8E N1
ovev, 3e ma| nocmaeunu |,u|u? A ue suak ro+eny (cneetc). ocvompume e+uvamene+o +a opase(. 3e eudume sdece |eadpam. 3osevume
|,u|u u nonoume ux ma|, vmoe non,vunc+ ma|ou |eadpam.
6oneua, cuosa roctpouna rpeukk urypy. ocne atoro uccneqykauu can roctpounu opase N 1 u rorasan oneuou, rar uaqo qeuctsosate.
6oneuou Mn qau opase N 3.
6oneaa epet ryuru u ctasut ux ua opase. Eu ue paspeaaetc ato qenate. Torqa oua epet ryuru, eceneuo septut ux, ue suaet, rar ux roctasute.
0vompume'+a opase(. 6oneua cnotput u ctpout cneqykayk urypy. (1)
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )


06PA8E N3
3e npaeune+o cdenanu? pasuneuo. lem, +enpaeune+o. lavu+aume cmpoume c+us,.
Ara, uus rpacuMu. Ctpout uus rpasuneuo u rosoput: 8ce. (2) '
(1)

(2)
M cdenanu ece? a. ocvompume +a opase(. let, eae uaqo. 6epet oquu ryur, qpyrou, ue auanusupy ux, otrnaqMsaet u rosoput: Tarux ryuros
uet.
6oneuou qau opase N 4. 0ua qonro, sactMsaun ssopon cnotput ua opase, ue rpuctyra r paote. Paomaume. 6oneua epet cpasy nroro ryuros,
eceneuo septut ux, otrnaqMsaet. la sane+auue arcrepuneutatopa, +to ryuru sce oquuarosMe, ue pearupyet u rpoqonaet pMtec s aure c
ryuranu, saten ctpout cneqykaun opason (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, , 7)

let... (1) 0vompume +a opase(. Cnotpk (cnotput).
06PA8E N4 (1)

(2)

(3)
let, +to-to ue tar. (2)

Voet Mte tar? (3, 4)
let. (5) 0trnaqMsaet oquu s ryuros u epet qpyrou tarou e.

(5)
0vompume +a opase(. 6oneua cnotput ua opase, epet uosMe ryuru. |,u|u ece odu+a|oeee, , +ux cmopo+e pas+ee. ly u +to e, a taroro,
rarou nue uyeu, uet. 0ua paotaet qe>nro, +acto rar M sactMsaet u rperpaaaet qeteneuocte; uyua roctouua ctunynu r qeuctsuk.
puseqeuuMe natepuanM, rony+euuMe rocne orepauu, rorasanu, +to, uecnotp ua oaee yny+aeuue coctouu oneuou oua ctana onee
roqsuua, onee artusua s paote, y uee octanuce te e tpyquoctu s peaeuuu rouctpyrtusuMx .saqa+.
Konu+ectso unnkctpauu nouo Mno M uanuoro ysenu+ute, uo sce ouu rorasMsakt esycnosuoe uapyaeuue rpoterauu peaeuu rouctpyrtusuMx
saqa+ rpu ronuou coxpauuoctu orturo-rpoctpauctseuuoro ruosuca.
0rMt rporpannuposauuoro oy+euu rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu
0uapyus uecoctoteneuocte uccneqosauuMx uanu oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra s peaeuuu
rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ u rpeqronous, +to rpu+uua atoro neut s uapyaeuuu rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu c sMraqeuuen ee opueutuposo+uou ocuosM u ee ctpateruu, nM rorMtanuce
tar e, rar u s arcrepuneute c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu oneuMnu, yto+uute ctpyrtypy uapyaeuu
uutennertyaneuoro arta ryten o,ve+u+ one+oco, ucronesosas, tarun opason, oy+euue rar netoq
uccneqosauu. |cxoq us toro, +to y scex oneuMx qauuou rpyrrM Mna ot+etnuso uapyaeua
opueutuposo+ua ocuosa qeteneuoctu, nM roctpounu qn ux oy+euu rporpanny, cyaectseuuo otnu+a-
kaykc ot tou, rotopa Mna rpeqnoeua oneuMn c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra. Ee
cyaectseuuoe otnu+ue sarnk+anoce s ton, +to nM otrasanuce ot rarou-nuo ronoau s sMronueuuu
otqeneuMx rouctpyrtusuMx orepauu u orpauu+unu socctauosuteneuoe oy+euue paseep+,mev
npocpavvupoea+uev noeede+u+ one+oco. n atou enu Mna coctasneua rporpanna, s rotopou Mnu
rocneqosateneuo sarucauM sce ueoxoqunMe qeuctsu, rotopMe oneuou qoneu Mn sMronute. porpanna
coctona us tpex noros: repsMu nor rporpannuposan opue+mupoeov+,s de+mene+ocme oneuoro, stopou
rpen ucMsan nocnedoeamene+ocme deucmeuu one+oco npu nocmpoe+uu uc,pe u tpetuu tpeosan ot
oneuoro cavo|o+mpon+ npu peae+uu sadav.
Tarun opason, saqauuMe ussue qeuctsu rpeqctasnnu coou rporpanny roseqeuu oneuoro, uo
cosepaeuuo ue srnk+anu ronoae s crocoax sMronueuu uerocpeqctseuuMx orepauu rpu roctpoeuuu
urypM.
VM rpeqronounu, +to, ecnu rporpannuposate noeede+ue oneuoro rpu peaeuuu saqa+u c'ronoaek
rpeqrucauu eny sMronueuu cepuu ueoxoqunMx qeuctsuu, uarpasneuuMx s utore ua qoctueuue roue+uou
enu, nM ten canMn cnoen s rarou-to nepe |ovne+cupoeame dee|m npome|a+u+ u+menne|m,ane+oco
a|ma u evecme c mev mov+ee o+ap,uv npupod, dee|ma.
8 rpoecce paotM oneuMx c rporpannou.nM ouapyunu, +to ue sce ee ryurtM qakt oquuarosMu aert:
uerotopMe us uux rpno senu r enu, ronora peaeuuk saqa+u; qpyrue ryurtM ue uecnu ronesuou
uuopnauu u ue unenu uyuoro aerta.
lauonee sauMnu, qakaunu uerocpeqctseuuMu aert, sunuce ,|asa+u+ +a +eoxoduvocme
|onuvecmee++oco a+anusa opas(a, a tare ryurtM, tpeykaue nocnedoeamene+oco nocmpoe+u+ uc,pe u
noaacoeoco |o+mpon+ sa eenon+e+uev ceoux deucmeuu.
8 pesynetate tarou arcrepuneutaneuo-auanutu+ecrou paotM uaq rporpannou oua rpuopena cneqykauu
suq.
p.o r p a n n a
1. ocuope ua o6paie.
2. pocuae, cronero scero rsaqpatos s qauuou urype.
3. oc+utaute, ckonsko pqos s qrype/
4. oc+utaute, ckonsko ksaqpaos s raqon pqy. hauuae ctpoute tar:
5. 8osenute uyuoe konuecso ky6kos.
6. oc+utaute, ckonsko ksaqpaos s repson pqy.
7. la+uuaute ctpoute urypy csepxy.
8. Paccasse ky6k ak, rar uapucosauo ua o6paie, s ou e konuecse.
9. 6sepse csou pq c qauuMn pqon.
10. oc+utaute, ckonsko ksaqpaos so sopou pqy.
11. oqctpausaute stopou pq r repsony cuusy, ryur sa ryuron.
12. 6sepse csou stopou pq c qauuMn.
13. 6neqe, +toM repsMu u stopou pqM opasosanu uyuyk
urypy-
14. ocuae, cronero rsaqpatos s peseu pqy.
15. oqctpausaute tpetuu pq ro stopony cuusy.
16. 6sepse csok urypy c qauuou ua opase.
17. Craute, rpasuneuo unu uerpasuneuo 8M roctpounu urypy. Cneqyet octauosutec ua sauon arte,
rosopaen o ueoquuarosou rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtype uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuoro arta y pasuMx rpyrr
nouMx oneuMx. 0rasanoce, +to oneuMn c nouMn cuuqponon,,y rotopMx seqyaee necto sauunana
unrynecusuocte, Mna uyua rporpanna, otnu+akaac ot rporpannM, ueoxoqunou qn tex rpyrr oneuMx c
nouMn cuuqponon, seqyaee
-necto y rotopMx sauunana acroutauuocte.
n socctauosneuu rpoecca rouctpyuposauu y oneuou repsou rpyrrM ueoxoquno Mno orpauu+euue
unrynecusuoctu u rporpannuposauu opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou qeteneuoctu u routponeuMx
qeuctsuu. 0rpauu+euue unrynecusuoctu qeuctsuu oneuMx qocturanoce qsyn rytnu: oquu us uux +ucto
nexauu+ecru orpauu+usan unrynecusuocte c ronoaek +teuu rporpannM c panrou s panre raqMu pas
Mn nuae oquu ryurt rporpannM, rpo+utas rotopMu oneuou qoneu Mn cpasy e sMronuute ty orepauk,
rotopa sanoeua s aton ryurte rporpannM. Panra roctereuuo repeqsuranace ro tercty rporpannM, raqMu
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
pas octasn qn +teuu tonero oquu ryurt. 8topou ryte ato saneaeuue unrynecusuMx qeuctsuu
yrasauuen ua qeuctsu, rotopMe uyuo sMronute, t. e. atot ryte rpeqycnatpusan sosqeuctsue ua can
rpoecc sMronueuu saqauu, ua ero opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecryk coctasnkayk. 3ta rporpanna
cosqasana ycnosu qn opnuposauu xot M sueauux notusos qeteneuoctu rpo+utate u sMronuute sck
rporpanny.
8topou rpyrre oneuMx uyua Mna tara rporpanna, rotopa qasana M cepuk qoronuuteneuMx ctunynos u
rpeqrucMsana M ueoxoqunocte rocneqosateneuoro sMronueuu raqoro sseua. Tar, ecnu opase cocton
ue us qsyx, a us tpex u +etMpex pqos ryuros, uyuo Mno passepuyto rnauuposate rocneqosateneuo paoty
c raqMn pqon rouctpyupyenou urypM; ecnu e oosua+ute s rporpanne nuae paoty ro oquony unu qsyn
pqan u sarou+ute ee cnosanu u tar qanee, to atu yrasauu ue ctunynuposanu oneuoro r qaneueuaeu
paote u ou sarau+usan ee ua ronrytu. 0rpauu+euue tercta rporpannM panrou u sqece orasanoce ueoxo-
qunMn, uo ouo urpano ye qpyryk pone ctunynupykayk oneuMx r qeteneuoctu ryten roueutpauu
suunauu ua sMronueuuu rourpetuMx orepauu. 0quaro s panre qonua Mte ue oqua orepau rporpannM,
rar s rpeqMqyaen cny+ae, a sece nor orepauu.
porpanna coctona us uecronerux noros orepauu. I n o r orepauu ro opueutuposre s opase (14, 10, 14); II
nor orepauouaneuMu nor; sMronueuue sarporpannuposauuMx sqece orepauu rossonno socctauosute crocoM
peaeuu saqa+u (4, 58, 15); III nor routponupykaue orepauu (9, 1213, 17).
8 qaneueuaen coctasnnc corpaaeuuMu sapuaut scex tpex noros (cp.: 14, 58, 9 u 10, 11, 1213).
8 cny+ae ueoxoqunoctu uyuo sosspaaate oneuMx r passepuytony sapuauty rporpannM. 0rasanoce, +to oneuMn c
asane-uMn nouMn cuuqponon Mn qoctato+eu corpaaeuuMu sapuaut rporpannM, a qn oneuMx c saque-nouMn
cuuqponon ueoxoqun passepuytMu.
lue nM unnkctpupyen rony+euuMe uanu pesynetatM. VM octauosunc ua auanuse peaeuu rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u c
ronoaek rporpannM tenu e oneuMnu, orucauuMnu sMae.
6oneua A. c asane+o-no+ev cu+dpovov. ocne toro rar oneua ue crpasunace c roctpoeuuen reonetpu+ecrux uryp ro
uecronerun rpeqnoeuuMn eu opasan, eu Mna qaua rporpanna, ronesykce rotopou oua qonua Mna peaate rouctpyrtusuyk
saqa+y. 6oneua +utana raqMu ryurt u tyt e sMronuna ero, +actu+uo rostop scnyx uerotopMe ryurtM.
6oneuou qau opase N 3. 0ua +utaet rporpanny, cnotput ua opase. rocne +ero rosoput: Tar, 4 ryura uaqo... 8 repson pqy,
sua+ut, qsa u stopou pq qsa. Cua+ana roctpok repsMu pq, a terepe' stopou. paeune+o cdenanu? pasuneuo. (8aqa+a peaeua
rpasuneuo.)

06PA8E N1
6oneuou qaetc opase N 8. 0ua rMtaetc-ronesosatec rporpannou ro rantu.
n F ronuk tanu+ry-rporpanny, yqy
ro ueu qenate. ly sot... cnotpk cua+ana ua opase, epy 2. ryura csepxy... terepe 2 cuusy, sot tar. +etMpe ryura. 8ce. 3e
npaeune+o 0denanu? pasuneuo.

06PA8E N8
oxoa 3aaa uc,pa +a opase(? le coscen, noet Mte, sot tar ee roctasute (rocnotpena ua opase u Mctpo copueutuposana
csok urypy ro opasy). 8ot tar.
6oneuou qau cnouMu opase N 14. 6oneua cuosa rMtanace paotate c rporpannou uo rantu. 8qece 4 ryura... oquu csepxy, oquu
cuusy u qsa ro oran. 6epet 4 ryura u rMtaetc us uux socrpoussectu saqauuyk urypy. ocne

06PA8E N14
uecronerux rorMtor oneuou Mna qaua rporpanna. otpeosanoce rponroe +teuue raqoro ryurta u rocneqosateneuoe sMronueuue
rporpannM, rpo+utauuou c ronoaek panru. Tar, cronero sqece pqos... pqos oquu, qsa, tpu, +etMpe... +etMpe, raetc, a ryuros
oquu, qsa, tpu, +etMpe, sua+ut, aectuaqate ryuros. ocne atoro oneua rpasuneuo roctpouna saqauuyk urypy.
Tarou e aert nM rony+unu u y oneuou 6. rpu ee paote c oropou ua rporpanny. 0quaro s aton cny+ae tpeosanace rporpanna,
ue tonero uarpasnkaa qeteneuocte oneuou ro auanusy opasa, u tpeykaa routpon qeuctsuu, uo u roctouuo, aar sa aaron
ctunynupykaa qeteneuocte oneuou s te+euue scero peaeuu saqa+u.
Cneqyet otnetute, +to roseqeuue oneuMx s cutyauu peaeuu saqa+u pesro usneunoce, rorqa un qasanace
rporpanna. euctsu ux ctauosunuce uarpasneuuMnu, cuunanace unrynecusuocte s roseqeuuu oneuMx
oquou rpyrrM unu, cootsetctseuuo, roquunanace artusuocte y oneuMx stopou rpyrrM. 0auor ctauosunoce
sua+uteneuo neueae. porpanna Mctpo ycsausanace oneuMnu, u ouu s qaneueuaen ronesosanuce ek rpu
roctpoeuuu reonetpu+ecrux uryp. ' .
8auoso opnupykaac rouctpyrtusua qtenMkcte rpoxoquna pq ataros (atar natepuanusosauuou opnM
qeuctsu u qeuctsu ua yposue pe+u). euctsue ro roctpoeuuk-urypM roctereuuo corpaaanoce ro
ronu+ectsy orepauu. 3tu sorpocM opnuposauu rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu y uneuMx unekt
creuaneuMu uutepec u tpeykt creuaneuoro auanusa u usnoeuu.
auuMe, rpusoqunMe sMae, yrasMsakt ua sosnouocte rpeoqoneuu qeerta s rouctpyrtusuou
qeteneuoctu nouMx oneuMx npu ,cnoeuu ,npaene+u+ use+e ux u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmes
n,mev ee+ece++ou +ap,, npocpavve nocnedoeamene+ex deucmeuu. 8necte c ten ouu rorasanu, +to
paccnotpeuuMn uanu rpyrran oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu u nouMnu ropaeuunu ronorakt
npu+(unuane+o pas+ee npocpavve.
/ oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu rporpanna qonua srnk+ate ,|asa+u+ nuae +a cnoco
eenon+e+u+ |o+|pem+ex onepa(uu, ue saotce o qpyrux ctopouax ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu. porpanna e qn oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon noet Mte aertusuou nuae rpu ycnosuu,
ecnu oua yqet orpeqente ux noeede+ue s cutyauu peaeuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+: s oquux cny+ax oua
qonua ctunynuposate u uarpasnte artusuocte oneuMx ua sMronueuue rourpetuMx orepauu, a s qpyrux
orpauu+usate, cqepusate uerpoqyrtusuyk artusuocte, roueutpuposate suunauue oneuMx ua
rocneqosateneuoctu sMronueuu orepauu. porpanna opnupyet u uanepeuu, notusM qeteneuoctu
oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon. /e cana rporpanna u tpeosauue ee ueyrocuuteneuoro conkqeuu,
roorepau-ouuo u qo roua, snetc oquun us ycnosuu opnuposauu sMcaux notusos. Kpone toro, oua
sMuocut so sue opueutuposo+uyk ocuosy qeuctsu u yrasMsaet ua ueoxoqunocte routponuposauu csoux
qeuctsuu.
Vatepuan rorasan, +to rporpanna, coctasneuua qn oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu, ue
qasana uuraroro aerta y oneuMx c ropaeuunu nouMx qoneu nosra u, uaoopot, rporpanna, rotopa
cosqasana sosnouoctu rpeoqoneuu qeerta rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu y nouMx oneuMx, ue ronorana
oneuMn repsou rpyrrM.
Cneqyet otnetute, +to paota oneuMx c rporpannou s ua+ane oy+euu tpeyet roctouuoro pec,nupoea+u+
ussue, t. c. uarpasneuu teryaeu qeteneuoctu, ucxoq us y* qocturuytMx oneuMn pesynetatos. 3to
perynuposauue tare pasnu+uo ro coqepauuk y qsyx yrasauuMx rpyrr oneuMx. Ecnu perynupykaa
qeteneuocte qn teneuuo-satMno+uMx oneuMx sarnk+anace s tpeosauuu eae u eae pas opatutec |
sada++ov, cnoco, deucmeu+, rposepute, uacronero pesynetat coomeemcme,em npocpavve, ,|aseeas(eu +a
cnoco deucmeu+, to s paote c nouMnu oneuMnu perynuposauue sMpaanoce nuo s* roctouuon
uaronuuauuu ueoxoqunoctu cnuve+u+ pes,nemamoe c ucxod+evu da++evu, nuo s roctouuon
ctunynuposauuu qeteneuoctu, s ycuneuuu notusos qeteneuoctu, nuo s passeptMsauuu opue+mupoeov+ou
oc+oee de+mene+ocmu.
Tot art, +to rporpannM oy+euu oneuMx oeux rpuseqeuuMx rpyrr ueoquuarosM, ocuetc canou
rcuxonoru+ecrou xapartepucturou ooux suqos rporpannM.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
CoctasneuuMe u yto+ueuuMe s rpoecce oy+euu rporpannM otse+anu ocuosuony tpeosauuk: ouu
ctpounuce c y+eton nexauusnos uapyaeuuou yuruu ua ocuose ee rcuxonoru+ecroro auanusa u
rpeqrucMsanu rocneqosateneuoe sMronueuue ue scex qeuctsuu,
sxoqaux s rpoterauue nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu, a nuae tex us uux, rotopMe Mnu uapyaeuM y raqou us
orucauuMx rpyrr oneuMx.
porpanna saneaana coou sMrasaee sseuo, socctauasnusa ten canMn equuctso s ctpyrtype u quuanure
roctpaqasaero uutennertyaneuoro arta. Kpone saneaeuu uapyaeuuoro ctpyrtypuoro sseua, rporpanna Mna
uarpasneua ua opnuposauue artyaneuoro uutennertyaneuoro rpoecca.
4. 06C/XEl|E PE8/bTAT08 |CCE08Al|F
Auanus arcrepuneutaneuoro natepuana u ero uuteprpetau c rosuuu cospeneuuou rcuxonoruu nManeuu
rossonkt, c oquou ctopouM, roqtsepqute uerotopMe ronoeuu atoro y+euu o ctpyrtype u nurporeuese,
sarouonepuoctx rpoterauu artyaneuoro nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, a c qpyrou uautu ocueuue ueupo-
rcuxonoru+ecrun artan uapyaeuu rcuxonoru+ecrou ctopouM nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu.
leuporcuxonoru+ecroe uccneqosauue uapyaeuu peaeuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ rorasano,-+to rpu
ropaeuuu nouMx u teneuuo-satMno+uMx onacteu nosra ctpyrtypa u nexauusnM uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro
nManeuu uapyaaktc rpuuuruaneuo tar e, rar u sepaneuo-noru+ecroro u opasuoro. PasuMn Mno uapy-
aeuue coqepauu nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, rotopoe sasuceno ot tura, opnM nMcnuteneuMx saqa+.
|ssectuo, +to peaaena saqa+a scerqa sMsMsaet uerotopoe otuoaeuue r ueu cyerta, oeuusaetc un,
uneet qn uero nu+uoctuMu cnMcn. 8 aton otuoaeuuu u sapoqaktc u rposnktc ocoeuuoctu notusauu
nManeuu. Peaeuue saqa+u ato^ scerqa ssaunoqeuctsue oerta (saqa+u) u cyerta. 3to otuoaeuue r
saqa+e, nu+uoctuMu cnMcn octaetc coxpauuMn y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra u
uapyaaetc y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx otqenos. 6oneuMe c saque-nouMn u rpepoutaneuMn nouMn
cuuqponon, rar nM nornu yequtec, qenouctpupykt uuquepeutuoe otuoaeuue r saqa+e, uepeqro
otctpaueuuocte, a oneuMe c asaneuo-nouMn cuuqponon xot u rposnkt uuorqa uutepec r saqa+e, uo ou
orasMsaetc opnaneuMn u ueyctou+usMn. Ta e raptuua ouapyusaetc u rpu auanuse notusos
qeteneuoctu atux rpyrr oneuMx.
8o scex cny+ax u s qauuon cny+ae rpu peaeuuu rouctpyrtusuMx saqa+ ouapyusaetc u uapyaeuue
notusauouuou ctopouM cosuauu. |ssectuo, +to ...notusM otrpMsaktc cosuauuk tonero oertusuo, ryten
auania qeteneuoctu, ee quuanuru. Cyertusuo e ouu sMctyrakt tonero s csoen rocseuuon sMpaeuuu
s opne repeusauu enauu, xoteuu, ctpenneuu r enu... 3tu uerocpeqctseuuMe repeusauu u
sMronukt pone suytpeuuux curuanos, c ronoaek rotopMx perynupyktc ocyaectsn-
kauec rpoeccM '. |neuuo enauu, xoteuu qeuctsosate uapyaaktc y oneuMx c pasuMnu nouMnu
cuuqponanu ro pasuMn rpu+uuan. Votusau oqua us rnasuMx xapartepuctur qeteneuoctu cyerta,
ucto+uur ero artusuoctu u saueuaee ycnosue passeptMsauu artyaneuou nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu. A. l.
eoutees orucan uanu+ue cnMcnoopasykaux u ctunynupykaux notusos
2
, 0. K- Tuxonupos opatun
suunauue ua uanu+ue sueauux u suytpeuuux notusos u ux cnouMe ssaunootuoaeuu neqy coou
3
.
laau uccneqosauu rorasanu, ecnu ucxoqute us atux rpeqctasneuuu s rcuxonoruu, to rpu ropaeuuu no+ex
doneu vosca rpeqe scero uapyaaktc cvecnoopas,s(ue e+,mpe++ue vomuee. 8 uopne suytpeuu
notusau noet rosutec ro xoqy peaeuu saqa+u ua ocuose sueaueu notusauu (rosnktc uosMe
rotpeuoctu s cssu c rosusaunuc sqpyr rpertctsunu ro xoqy peaeuu saqa+u pasopatec s ycnosuu
saqa+u, uautu uosMu xoq, qeuctsu u t. q.). pu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra, rar nM nornu yequtec
sMae, suytpeuu notusau ue sosuuraet, qae ecnu yqaetc .copnuposate sueaukk; rpu naccusuMx
ropaeuux nouMx cucten, rar nM suqenu, uapyaaktc oa suqa notusauu.
8ueau notusau, rar rorasanu orMtM, noet nuae saryctute uutennertyaneuyk qeteneuocte y.atou
rpyrrM oneuMx, uo oua ue cosqaet ycnosu qn ee passeptMsauu. lapyaeuue notusos, snkauxc sauMn
artopon rpoqyrtusuoctu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu, rpu ropaeuuu nouMx sou nosra seqet r ee ua-
pyaeuuk, oua saneaaetc aanouon. .;
Kar ussectuo, cyaectsykt vomuee ,cmouvueee u cum,amue+ee. Y one+ex c no+evu nopae+u+vu vosca
+eped|o ecmpevasmc+ cum,amue+ee vomuee, rotopMe cssauM, ro sceu sepotuoctu, c parneutapuMn
socrputuen saqa+u.
Y one+ex c meve++o-samenov+evu nopae+u+vu vosca notusupykaa cepa cosuauu ue uapyaaetc. /
uux ouapyusaetc, rar nM suqenu sMae, coxpa++ocme u mex u dp,cux eudoe vomuea(uu u uepeqro
rpeonaqakt suytpeuuue notusM qeteneuoctu.
le ocmaemc+ coxpa++ev npu nopae+uu no+ex doneu vosca u onepa(uo+ane+oe see+o, rotopoe repsu+uo u
rpyo uapyaaetc u rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satnno+uMx otqenos nosra. VM suqenu, +to oneuMe c nouMnu
ropaeuunu nosra saneaanu uyuMe cnouMe qeuctsu rpocteuaunu orepaunu . sMrnaqMsauuen us
ryuros raroro-nuo oquoro socrpuutoro parneuta. / uux orasanoce uapyaeuuMn u socrputue enoctuou
urypM, u sMqeneuue ee us oua, u orepauu repeauposru equuu socrputu ua cootsetctsykaue
rouctpyrtusuMe qeuctsu. -8ocrpuuuna rpasuneuo
'eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. u+uocte.V., 1975.-;. 204205.
2
Cn.: eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru. V., 198!.
3
Cn.: Tuxonupos 0. K- cuxonoru nManeuu. V., 1984.
rarou-nuo aneneut rouctpyruu u ero rpoctpauctseuuyk xapartepuctury {ro quarouanu, septuranu t. q.),
oneuMe tonero ero u socrpoussoqunu.
6oneuMe c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra, uaoopot, socrpuuunanu enoctuyk urypy,
sMqennu ee us oua, rMtanuce oosua+ute ee cnoson (+to-to spoqe tpareuu, ato +to-to... qonur unu
rtuyroneuur u t. q.), uo ue nornu socrpoussectu ee c ronoaek rpoctpauctseuuoro pacronoeuu
coctasnkaux aty urypy aneneutos. pu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra uapyaaetc u
routpone,, uo ue co ctopouM ocosuauu ueoxoqunoctu u rotpeuoctu s uen, rotopMe y atux oneuMx
coxpauuM, a co ctopouM uapyaeuu orepauu, ueoxoqunMx qn ero sMronueuu.
Auanus rpotoronos, otpaakaux roaarosMe qeuctsu oneuMx rpu opueutuposre s "opase, rorasMsaet
rpuuuruaneuyk pasuuy uapyaeuu u atoro sseua s ctpyrtype rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu. .8Mae nM
rucanu, +to npu nopae+uu meve++o-samenov+ex omdenoe vosca opue+mupoeov+o-uccnedoeamenec|a+
de+mene+ocme coxpa++a, coxpauuM u uccneqosatenecrue qeuctsu, uo uapyaeuM orepauu, c ronoaek
rotopMx nouo qoctu+e pesynetata. / one+ex no+ou cp,nne, uaoopot, pasp,ae+a ec+ opue+mupoeov+o-
uccnedoeamenec|a+ de+mene+ocme, omc,mcme,sm uccnedoeamenec|ue deucmeu+ u s enon roseqeuue ue
uarpasneuo ua roucr u uaxoqeuue peaeuu saqa+u. |ccneqosatenecrue qeuctsu u orepauu saneaaktc
ecroutponeuMnu nauurynunu c ryuranu, t. e. notopuMnu, qsurateneuMnu orepaunu sue cssu c
orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMnu sre+atneuunu.
0quaro orMtM c oy+euuen nouMx oneuMx rouctpyuposauuk reonetpu+ecrux uryp ro opasy rorasanu,
+to y uux repsu+uo ue uapyaeuM orturo-rpoctpauctseuuMe orepauu, oneuMe noryt rpasuneuo pacronoute
otqeneuMe aneneutM-ryuru, uo satpyquktc s qeuctsux ro coctasneuuk (enocm+ou uc,pe, dn+ |omopex
+eoxoduve onepa(uu onee eeco|oco ,poe++ cu+mesupoea+u+ onmu|o-npocmpa+cmee++ex om+oae+uu.
Te e qeertM nM ouapyusanu u s orepauouaneuon sseue peaeuu rouctpyrtusuou saqa+u.
+to racaetc routpon, to rpu ropaeuuu nouMx otqenos nosra ou uapyaaetc repsu+uo, a rpu ropaeuuu
teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos stopu+uo, us-sa qeertos tex orepauu, c ronoaek rotopMx qoneu u noet
ocyaectsntec routpone.
Tarun opason, nexauusnM (artopM) uapyaeuu uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro nManeuu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx
u teneuuo-satMno+uMx cucten nosra rpuuuruaneuo otnu+aktc, roatony u crocoM, netoqM rpeoqoneuu
atoro qeerta qonuM Mte pasuMnu, aqersatuMnu nexauusny uapyaeuu qeteneuoctu.
3AKK+EhhE
ponena uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu: ee ctpyrtypM u yuruu, rcuxonoru+ecroro coqepauu u
nexauusnos, ee noponoru+ecrux ocuos u rcuxousuonoru+ecrux nexauusnos, sarouonepuocteu ee
uapyaeuu u sosnouocteu socctauosneuu sece atot qanero ue ronuMu rpyr rponen s uactoaee spen
sMsMsaet oneaou uutepec y uccneqosateneu s pasnu+uMx onactx uay+uoro suauu, uo, uecnotp ua
oneaoe ronu+ectso paot, atu rponenM octaktc nanousy+euuMnu.
3ta ruura snetc oquun us uccneqosauuu, s rotopon cqenaua rorMtra roqoutu r rouunauuk uerotopMx
sorpocos, cssauuMx c uapyaeuuen uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra.
8 csoen uccneqosauuu nM ucxoqunu us rpeqctasneuuu o uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu +enosera rar
ocuosuou opne rosuauu qeuctsuteneuoctu u usy+anu uapyaeuue pasuMx'suqos nManeuu ue rar
ooconeuuMx rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, a srnk+euuMx s rosuasateneuyk qeteneuocte +enosera.
Vetoqonorueu uaaero uccneqosauu sunuce cuctenuMu u qe-teneuoctuMu roqxoqM r rcuxure +enosera, a
tare ueuporcuxono-ru+ecrue roueruu o cuctenuou u quuanu+ecrou noranusauu 81, o cuctenuon ux
uapyaeuuu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra u uosMe rpeqctasneuu o cuuqpone, cunrtone u artope,
paspaotauuMe A. P. ypueu u ero y+euuranu.
. C. 8Mrotcruu rucan: Auanus qeteneuoctu soopaeuu s ero nuoroopasuMx opnax u.auanus
qeteneuoctu nManeuu rorasMsakt, +to, tonero roqxoq r atun suqan qeteneuoctu rar r cuctenan, nM
uaxoqun sosnouocte orucMsate te saueuaue usneueuu, rotopMe s uux rpoucxoqt, te sasucunoctu u
cssu, rotopMe s uux ouapyusaktc '. A. l. eoutees, qaneae paspaatMsa cuctenuMu roqxoq, c+utan,
+to cuctenuMu auanus +enose+ecrou qeteneuoctu ueoxoquno snetc tare u auanuson royposue-sMn.
|neuuo tarou auanus rossonet rpeoqonete rpotusoroctasneuue usuonoru+ecroro, rcuxonoru+ecroro u
couaneuoro tar e, rar
'8Mrotcruu . C. Passutue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.V., I960.C. 347.
u cseqeuue oquoro r qpyrony
1
. VM rpeqrpuunu rorMtry rposectu tarou auanus uapyaeuu nManeuu, uu ua
nuuyty ue saMsa o ero cnouon yuruouaneuon ctpoeuuu, o uanu+uu suytpeuuux neyuruouaneuMx
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
csseu u otuoaeuuu. CuctenuMu roqxoq nM ucronesosanu u s auanuse, u s ocyqeuuu arcrepuneutaneuMx
pesynetatos. |cxoq us atux rpeqctasneuuu nM copnynuposanu tot pq rponen u sorpocos, ua auanuse
rotopMx octauosunuce s atou paote.
VM rposenu auanus uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra
ua nopousuono-ru+ecron (nosroson) u rcuxonoru+ecron yposux oprauusauu rosuasateneuou
qeteneuoctu. +to racaetc couaneuoro yposu (unu acrerta) oprauusauu u ero ponu s uapyaeuuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, to atot sorpoc nM satpouynu s pqe qpyrux uaaux paot
2
. 8qece e nM
nuae yrasanu, +to ata rponena orponuou sauoctu uyqaetc s qaneueuaen creuaneuon uccneqosauuu u
ecnu rosopute o repcrertusax passutu uccneqosauuu uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu
noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra, to atot sorpoc qoneu saute s uux oquo us seqyaux nect.
8 eutpe uaaero suunauu cton pq sorpocos. C oquou ctopouM, ato rponenM nosrosMx ocuos uapyaeuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, sosuurakaero rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra, ponu pasnu+uMx sou nosra
s pacraqe nMcnuteneuoro arta, sorpocM ssaunoqeuctsu atux sou s opnuposauuu ueuporcuxonoru+ecrux
cuuqponos uapyaeuu rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu, sorpocM artopos (rpu+uu), neaaux s ocuose
qeerta ua nosroson yposue u qp.
C qpyrou ctopouM, ato Mnu sorpocM, cssauuMe c uapyaeuuen rcuxonoru+ecroro yposu uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu u ero csse c noponoru+ecrun s ctpyrtype u rpoecce opnuposauu qeerta roruutusuou
qeteneuoctu. 8qece uac tare uutepecosanu rcuxonoru+ecrue nexauusnM uapyaeuu nManeuu. C atou
to+ru speuu nM paccnotpenu sorpocM uapyaeuu ctpyrtypM, rpoecca u nurporeuesa uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu, a tare u yuruouaneuMu acrert uapyaeuu.
le neueauu uutepec rpeqctasnnu qn uac u rponenM ssaunocssu uapyaeuuu pasuMx suqos nManeuu, ux
creuu+ecrux u oaux nexauusnos, rponena yposueu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u sasucunoctu ux
uapyaeuuu ot noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
Co ctopouM coqepauu nManeuu nM uccneqosanu rponeny ponu opasaopasa-socrputu u opasa-
rpeqctasneuu s uapyaeuuu ue tonero o6paiuoro nManeuu, uo u sepaneuo-
1
Cn.: eoutees A. l. eteneuocte. Cosuauue. uuocs.H-, 1975.
2
Cn.: setrosa . C. lapyaeuue u socctauosneuue c+eta. V., 1972; setrosa . C. leuporcuxonoru+ecra peaunutau oneuMx.V..
1985.
noru+ecroro; rponeny rouunauu, ero necta s ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u nurporeuesa.
Cyaectseuuoe necto s uaaen uccneqosauuu sauna rponena cnMcna u sua+euu u ponu atux coctasnkaux
cosuauu (ro A. l. eouteesy) s sepaneuou u uesepaneuou uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu +enosera u t. q.,
ua +en nM roqpouo octauosunuce s cootsetctsykaeu rnase. 8qece nM nuae yraen ua to, +to uaa natepuan
qaet ocuosauu qn sMsoqos o uapyaeuuu rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra ue tonero sepaneuo-
noru+ecroro, uo u opasuoro suqa nManeuu.
0aercuxonoru+ecruu uutepec rpeqctasnkt uaau qauuMe o quepeuuposauuon uapyaeuuu cenauturu
opasos (rpeqnetuou otueceuuoctu, sua+euu, cnMcna) s sasucunoctu ot noranusauu ropaeuu nosra u ux
ponu s uapyaeuuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu. laa natepuan roqtsepqaet ronoeuue ote+ectseu-
uou rcuxonoruu o ton, +to opas ue octaetc sue nManeuu u, srnk+ace s nMcnuteneuMe rpoeccM, ou
sMronuet s uux cenautu+ecrue yuruu.
laa natepuan rorasan tare, +to cnoso-routue u opas unekt oaee cenautu+ecroe coqepauue uuneuuo
ata oauocte rpeoqonesaet oM+uoe rpotusoroctasneuue noru+ecru-routuuuoro u opasuo-+ysctseuuoro,
srnk+a u oquo, u qpyroe rar ueoxoqunMe sseue s peaneuMu nMcnuteneuMu rpoecc
1
. Aasu ctpyrtyp-
ua ratonoru pe+u, sosuurakaa rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra, ue octasnet uutartuou (coxpauuou)
cepy opasuoro nManeuu. 0pasuoe nManeuue uapyaaetc, rar nM suqenu, u rpu ropaeuuu nouMx
qoneu nosra, ue corposoqakaenc aasueu. 8 aton cny+ae tare ctpaqaet cenautura opasos u cnMcn,
u ux rpeqnetuoe sua+euue, uo ye us-sa qeertos cosuateneuou eneuarpasneuuoctu nMcnuteneuoro
rpoecca, us-sa uapyaeuu artusuMx sonesMx artos u cosuateneuou perynuu qeteneuoctu. VM suqenu, +to
y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon ueqoctato+uocte susyanusauu pe+u, ucraeuue rpeqnetuMx opasos u ua
yposue rnoaneuMx, uuterpaneuMx opasosauuu, u ua yposue ux rourpetuMx sua+euuu seqet r uapyaeuuk
ronuoeuuoro rouunauu pe+u u rouunauu rar ctpyrtypuo-yuruouaneuoro ronroueuta nManeuu.
6oratMu arcrepuneutaneuMu natepuan rossonun uan otsetute ua sorpocM o ponu otqeneuMx sou nosra s
oprauusauu u uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. 3tot natepuan qan ocuosauu qn sMsoqa o ton,
+to ropaeuu nosra sMsMsakt ue quysuMe uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ee pasuMx suqos,
a seqyt r creuu+ecrun uapyaeuun nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu. 0coa pone s oprauusauu, a tare u s
uapyaeuuu roruutusuou, uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpuuaqneut nouMn u teneuuo-satMno+uMn
onactn ropM ronosuoro nosra.
1
Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t.V., 1989. T. 1.C. 371.
opaeuu no+ex so+ nosra s enon seqyt r +ap,ae+us nopode+u+ u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmu, a
tare u r a+ovanu+v opca+usa(uu, npocpavvupoea+u+ u pec,n+(uu npome|a+u+ u+menne|m,ane+ou
de+mene+ocmu, m. e. | +ap,ae+us ee u+me+(uo+ane+ou cocmaen+s(eu.
opaeuu meve++o-samenov+ex omdenoe vosca +e eed,m r tarun rnoaneuMn uapyaeuun qeteneuoctu,
uo uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte +ap,aaemc+ e see+e deucmeu+ u onepa(uu, t. e. nouo crasate, +to s
aton cny+ae ctpaqaet c+ocmuvec|a+ cmopo+a u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmu.
la taroe pasqeneuue yuruu nouMx u teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra s opnuposauuu, rpoterauuu u
uapyaeuuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu yrasMsaet narpoauanus. 6onee rnyoruu, qetaneuMu cuctenuMu
u royposuesMu auanus (nurpoauanus) rpusoqut r eeeod, o onee pas+ocmopo++ux ,+|(u+x |adou us so+ e
npome|a+uu u +ap,ae+uu u+menne|m,ane+ou de+mene+ocmu, n o ,vacmuu oeux so+ eo ecex ee
cmp,|m,p+ex see+e+x, +o +a ocoex dn+ |adou so+e npaeax.
/posuesMu auanus uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rorasan, +to rpu pasuMx ropaeuux nosra
ctpaqakt pasuMe yposuu oquoro u toro e uutennertyaneuoro qeuctsu (routpon, rnauuposauu, rouunauu
u t. q.). larpunep, orepauouaneuoe sseuo s ctpyrtype qeteneuoctu uapyaaetc, rar orasanoce, rpu
ropaeuuu u nouMx, u teneuuo-satMno+uMx sou nosra. pu ropaeuuu nouMx cucten nosra ctpaqaet onee
sMcoruu yposeue roctpoeuu orepauu, a rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx onee uusruu. Tar e
octout qeno u co sseuon routpon, rotopoe uapyaaetc rpu ropaeuuu oeux paccnatpusaenMx sou nosra,
oquaro u sqece rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra ctpaqaet onee sMcoruu yposeue rpoterauu atoro suqa
qeteneuoctu.
3ta sarouonepuocterpocneusaetc rpu auanuse scex paccnotpeuuMx uanu suqos sepaneuou u
uesepaneuou uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu: rpu paote c terctanu u ux rouunauuu, rpu socrputuu u
rouunauuu ycnosu apunetu+ecrux saqa+, rpu +teuuu cnos ^u tercta, s. rouctpyrtusuou qeteneuoctu u t. q.
pu ropaeuuu saquux otqenos nosra, s ton +ucne u teneuuo-satMno+uMx, uapyaaetc onee uusruu yposeue
oprauusauu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, u cssauo ato uapyaeuue, rar uan rpeqctasnetc, c +eeoc-
npuuvvueocmes | vu|pos+a|,, xapartepuony qn oertos, rpeq--netos, sneuuu, uecyaux sua+euue.
opaeuu e nouMx otqenos nosra seqyt r uapyaeuuk onee sMcorux yposueu s ctpyrtype
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
VM cnornu rorasate tare, +to ropaeuue raqou us sou nosra, oecre+usakaux rpoterauue nMcnuteneuoro
rpoecca, seqet r cuctenuony uapyaeuuk nManeuu. | sqece sauo s raqon cny+ae sM+neuute artop
uapyaeuu u sMsute ero repsu+uMe u stopu+uMe cunrtonM. 3to ueoxoquno u qn rpartu+ecrou ueupo-
rcuxonoruu qn quaruoctu+ecrou u peaunutauouuou paotM
u qn passutu teopuu ueuporcuxonoruu, a tare u qn peaeuu oaercuxonoru+ecrux sorpocos
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
8 rcuxonoru+ecron acrerte uccneqosauu uan rpeqctasnetc sauMn uaae uccneqosauue ponu u necta
rouunauu s nurpore-uese uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. VM ucxoqunu us rpeqctasneuuu o rouunauuu rar
sauon ronroueute nManeuu, rar s ero ctpyrtype, tar u s rpoecce ero rpoterauu. |ccneqosatenu, usy+a
ratonoruk uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, rpartu+ecru ue sauunanuce auanuson uapyaeuu rpoecca
rouunauu rpu ropaeuuu nouMx qoneu nosra, a usy+a pacraq pe+u u nManeu-u rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-
satMno+uMx otqenos nosra, +aae scero opaaanuce r auanusy qeertos nuae rouunauu pe+u. VM ucxoqun
us rpeqronoeuu, +to rpu peaeuuu scpaneuo-noru+ecrux saqa+ rouunauue rar ocuosuoe rcuxonoru+ecroe
sseuo oraetc repsu+uo uapyaeuuMn rpu ropaeuuu nouMx otqenos nosra u stopu+uo rpu ropaeuuu
teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos. 8 ocuose uaaux rpeqronoeuuu neanu rpeqctasneuu s cospeneuuou rcu-
xonoruu o ton, +to rouunauue atu opnuposauue cnMcna suauu s rpoecce qeuctsu c oerton unu rpu
peaeuuu saqa+u.
VM rorasanu, +to y .oneuMx c ropaeuuen meve++o-samenov+ex otqenos nosra coxpauetc rouunauue
cnMcna u, cneqosateneuo, rouunauue saqa+u s enon, uo tonero ua ooaeuuon yposue, ronuoe e
rouunauue noet uactyrute roctereuuo u nuae s rpoecce rpeopasosauu ycnosu saqa+u c ronoaek
orpeqeneuuMx orepauu. / atou rpyrrM oneuMx uapyaeuM orepauu repesoqa noruro-rpannatu+ecrux
rouctpyruu c equuuM cnMcna ua equuuM sua+euu. oatony tonero rpeoqoneuue qeertos s orepau-
ouaneuon sseue noet rpusectu atux oneuMx r ronuony rouunauuk saqa+u. pyra raptuua ouapyusaetc
rpu ropaeuuu no+ex qoneu nosra; y oneuMx atou rpyrrM rouunauue uapyaaetc repsu+uo, tar rar ouo
opnupyetc, rar ussectuo, s rpoecce ocnMcneuu nuo oerta, nuo qauuMx ycnosu saqa+u u t. q. 3tot
rpoecc ocnMcneuu, a cneqosateneuo, u rouunauu orasMsaetc s atux cny+ax uapyaeuuMn. epsu+upe
uapyaeuue rouunauu y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon u repsu+ua coxpauuocte ooaeuuoro, rnoaneuoro
rouunauu ua uusaux yposux ero opnuposauu y oneuMx c teneuuo-satMno+uMnu ropaeuunu nosra
ouapyusaetc so scex uccneqosauuMx uanu suqax nManeuu.
6oneaoe suunauue yqeneuo uanu rponene cnMcna u sua+euu, nexauusnan ux uapyaeuu, sasucaun ot
uapyaeuu nManeuu s enon u uaxoqaunc s uerpnou sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra.
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
ponena cnMcna u sua+euu paccnotpeua uanu s rnaue sosnouMx ssaunocsseu sepaneut>-noru+ecrorou
opasuoro suqos nManeuu, a tare s cssu c rponenou pasuMx opn u yposueu uapyaeuu opasos-
rpeqctasneuuu.
VM paccnatpusanu sua+euue rar creuu+ecryk nepy oauoctu, rar pesynetat ooaeuu csseu, ctoaux
ue tonero sa cnoson, uo u sa rpeqnetuMn opason. 8 ocuose sua+euu neut sM-
+neueuue cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros oertos, sneuuu. 8ua+euue cyaectsyet rar art uuqusuqyaneuoro
cosuauu, uesasucuno ot uuqusuqyaneuoro, nu+uoctuoro otuoaeuu r qeuctsuteneuoctu. cuxonoru+ecru, ro
A. l. eouteesy, sua+euue ato ooaeuuoe otpaeuue qeuctsuteneuoctu, sMpaotauuoe +enose+ectson u
saurcuposauuoe s opne routu, suauu unu qae s opne yneuu rar ooaeuuoro opasa qeuctsu,
uopnM roseqeuu u t. u. '.
outue cnMcna nM tare ucronesosanu rpu auanuse ue tonero sepaneuMx, uo u uesepaneuMx opn
rosuasateneuou qeteneuoctu, s +actuoctu uarnquo-opasuoro u 'opasuoro nManeuu. 0cuosauuen qn
taroro roqxoqa r sua+euuk u cnMcny Mnu ue tonero nutepatypuMe qauuMe, uo u uaa arcrepuneutaneuMu
natepuan, auanus rotoporo rorasan, +to sua+euue u cnMcn ucraaktc rpu uapyaeuuu ue tonero sepaneuo-
noru+ecroro nManeuu, uo u uesepaneuMx ero suqos.
VM rorasanu, +to rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra uapyaaktc sce suqM nManeuu, s ton +ucne u
opasuoe. laa natepuan qaet ocuosauue rosopute, +to rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra opasM-
rpeqctasneuu ctpaqakt rar yctou+usa cuctena otuoaeuuu, uapyaaetc ux cenautura rpeqnetua
otueceuuocte, sua+euue u cnMcn, uapyaaetc ux csse
1
c pe+ek. laa natepuan rorasan, +to rpeqnetuoe
sua+euue cssauo c rourpetuMn opason-rpeqctasneuuen, a cnMcn c rnoaneuMn opason pasuou ctereuu
ero uuterpuposauuoctu u ux qeertM unekt pasuMe nosrosMe ocuosM u rcuxonoru+ecrue nexauusnM.
| eae oquu, rpeqctasnkauuc uan sauMn rnau uaaero usy+euu uapyaeuu nManeuu rpu noraneuMx
ropaeuux nosra ato pone nu+uoctuoro ronroueuta nManeuu. la sauocte usy+euu nManeuu s
nu+uoctuon^1naue yrasMsanu nuorue uccneqosatenu: . C. 8Mrotcruu, Q. . Pyuuateuu, A. l. eoutees, A. P.
y-pu u qp. Tar, C. . Pyuuateuu rucan, +to, +toM rpunusutec r nManeuuk s ero rourpetuou peaneuoctu,
uyuo rar M sMutu s uosoe coqepauue, paccnotpete nManeuue s nu+uoctuon rnaue rar rourpetuyk
rosuasateneuyk qeteneuocte +enosera s ee nu+uoctuou notusauu. 8ooae peaneuMu nMcnuteneuMu
rpoecc cssau co sceu rcuxu+ecrou usuek uuqusuqa... VMcnut ue +ucta nMcne, a usou +enoser
2
.
VM uccneqosanu rotpeuoctuo-notusauouuyk cepy cosuauu, eneuarpasneuuocte u eneronarauue s
rpoecce peaeuu nMcnuteneuMx saqa+ u ouapyunu uapyaeuue atoro nora s ctpyrtype uutennertyaneuou
qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c nouMn cuuqponon u ero coxpauuocte rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx
otqenos nosra.
Tarun opason, s sarnk+euuu- nM oosua+unu qanero ue sece
'eoutees A. l. ponenM passutu rcuxuru.V., 1981.C. 299.
2
Pyuuateuu C. . 0cuosM oaeu rcuxonoruu: 8 2 t.V., 1989 1.-C.
369.
rpyr rponen, a tonero te us uux, rotopMe orasanuce s eutpe uaaero suunauu rpu ocnMcneuuu
arcrepuneutaneuMx qauuMx. +to racaetc onee ronuoro auanusa, to ou qau s rnase V u s raparpaax
0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu. oatony nM, +toM ue rostoptec, rossonunu cee s sarnk+euuu
nuae roq+epruyte rnk+esMe noneutM s uaaeu paote.
VM xopoao rouunaen, +to octanoce sa+uteneuo oneae uepeaeuuMx sorpocos, +en tex, ua rotopMe rony+eu
otset s qauuou paote. 8 yqyaux uccneqosauux oquu us ronoeuuu, oosua+euuMx u usnoeuuMx s atou
ruure, yqyt yto+ueuM, qpyrue, sosnouo, yqyt otsepruytM, a tpeteu, uaqekce, rony+at qaneueuaee passu-
tue. | ten ue neuee uan xo+etc qynate, +to qauuMu atar paotM astopa, otpaeuuMu s ruure, rpouqet ue
es ronesM qn teopuu u rparturu rcuxonoruu u ueuporcuxonoruu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
oqsoq utoru uarucauuony, nM xotenu M eae pas octauosutec ua oquon us rnasuMx sorpocos,
copnynuposauuMx s ruure, rar ssaunoqeuctsykt nosr u rcuxura. VM opaaanuce r atou eutpaneuou
rponene rar s teopetu+ecron, tar u arcrepuneutaneuon rnaue, paccnatpusa tarue rponenM, rar:
ssaunocsse uapyaeuu pasuMx suqos uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu c ropaeuuen orpeqeneuuMx
y+actros nosra;
pone u creuu+ecruu srnaq otqeneuMx sou nosra s nexauusnM u ctpyrtypy uapyaeuu, a tare u s
opnuposauue u rpoterauue uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu;
ocooe snuuue nouMx u teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra ua ratonoruk sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, s
ton +ucne u nManeuu;
srnaq pasuMx yposueu rcuxonoru+ecrou u rcuxousuonoru+ecrou ctpyrtypM uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu s
opnuposauue u opny rpoterauu qeerta;
ue rpna, uerocpeqctseuua, a orocpeqctsosauua yuruouaneuMnu cuctenanu csse ropaeuu nosra c
uapyaeuuen uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u t. q.
|ssectuo, +to unocou u rcuxonoru qonroe spen nuae roctynuposanu ronoeuue o ton, +to nosr
snetc oprauon rcuxu+ecrou usuu +enosera*. leuporcuxonoru+ecra uayra rossonet uan nue roqoutu r
peaeuuk atoro sorpoca, sMsoq ero us +ucto creryntusuMx paccyqeuuu s onacte uay+uoro arcrepuneuta.
8 uactoaee spen ueuporcuxonoru pacronaraet orateuaun natepuanon, rossonkaun oosua+ute pone
nosra s enon s opnuposauuu, passutuu u rpoterauuu rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, sMqenute rpuuurM
yuruouaneuou oprauusauu nosra.
laa natepuan roqtsepqaet ronoeuue o cssu rcuxu+ecrou qeteneuoctu s enon, u s ton +ucne u
uutennertyaneuou, c nosron, cssu ue rpnou, uerocpeqctseuuou, a orocpeqctsosauuou rcuxo-
usuonoru+ecrunu yuruouaneuMnu cuctenanu. Ctauosutc
routuMn ronoeuue o ton, +to uutennertyaneua qeteneuocte ropoqaetc ue nosron, a
ssaunootuoaeuuen +enosera c oaectseuuou cpeqou, opnupyetc u peanusyetc c ronoaek nosra.
VM ouapyunu tare, +to nexauusn uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, opna ero rpoterauu,
sosnouoctu u netoqM rpeoqoneuu qeerta cssauM ue tonero c orpeqeneuuMnu y+actranu nosra, uo u c
yposuen ropaeuu nosra, rotopMu s csok o+epeqe cssau u c yposuen rcuxonoru+ecrou oprauusauu roctpa-
qasaero nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca. 0rasanoce, +to ue tonero nexauusn, t. e. artop, neaauu s ocuose
uapyaeuu nManeuu (u nkou qpyrou sMcaeu rcuxu+ecrou yuruu), uo u ero yposeue uaxoqtc s tecuou
sasucunoctu ot toruru ropaeuu nosra.
3tot sMsoq uneet rar teopetu+ecroe, tar u rpartu+ecroe sua+euue qn roctauosru toru+ecroro quaruosa u
paspaotru netoqos socctauosneuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu. K atony sMsoqy nM rpuanu nuae
naroqap ronrnercuony n yposuesony u nuoroacrertuonyroqxoqy r auanusy qeerta.
leuporcuxonoru+ecruu, oaercuxonoru+ecruu, rcuxousuonoru+ecruu, nuursuctu+ecruu auanus qeerta
rossonun opatute suunauue eae ua oquu art, rpeqctasnkauu teopetu+ecruu u rpartu+ecruu uutepec.
Knuuu+ecra u ueuporcuxonoru+ecra raptuua uapyaeuu pasuMx suqos nManeuu u qpyrux sMcaux
rcuxu+ecrux yuruu rpeqctaet repeq uccneqosatenen s oneaon nuoroopasuu cunrtonos, nexauusnos u
ctpyrtypM uapyaeuu rcuxu+ecrux yuruu.
3to nuoroopasue u quepeuuposauuocte snktc ue qucrpetuMnu, usonuposauuMnu, a cuctenuMnu u
roq+uuktc sarouan passutu u pacraqa rcuxu+ecrux yuruu. Cuctenuoe yuruouuposauue nosra qenaet
ero paoty onee arouonuou, roq+uu ee ueoneaony uaopy orpeqeneuuMx rpuuuros.
Tar, ouapyeuuMu uanu u orucauuMu sMae nexauusn uapyaeuu socrputu u orosuauu rpeqnetos,
artyanusauu opasos-rpeqctasneuuu, s ocuose rotoporo neut qeert sM+neueuu cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros
rpeqnetos (oertos, sneuuu), orasanc o6mu qn enoro pqa rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, uapyaakauxc
rpu ropaeuuu saquux, rocteutpaneuMx otqenos nosra. CyaectseuuMe rpusuaru, rotopMe ue sM+neuktc
oneuMnu, pasuMe, a oequukauu ux cuctenuMu rpuuur oauu uapyaeuue +ysctsuteneuoctu r
nurposuary, cyaectseuuony rpusuary sneuu, rotopMu uecet sua+euue.
Tara uesocrpuun+usocte r cyaectseuuMn rpusuaran xapartepua rpu ropaeuuu saquux rocteutpaneuMx
otqenos nosra. 3tu qeertM rar M equuoopasuM s csoen nuoroopasuu cunrtonos naroqap uapyaeuuk
ua oquon u ton e yposue roctpoeuu rcuxu+ecrou yuruu u ero cssu c equuMn rpuuuron paotM atou
souM nosra. Vouo rpeqronoute, +to orpeqeneuuMe rpuuurM paotM nosra cssauM c orpeqeneuuMnu
yposunu s roctpoeuuu u rpoterauuu orpeqeneuuou rpyrrM rcuxu+ecrux rpoeccos, a ux
ssaunoqeuctsue snetc oquun us nexauusnos, unu oaeu rneto+rou, uutunuou cssu nosra u sMcaux
rcuxu+ecrux yuruu. oatony nouo qynate, +to pacraq sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu oycnosneu ue
uerocpeqctseuuMn ropaeuuen raroro-nuo y+actra nosra, a uapyaeuuen rpuuura uutunuoro
ssaunoqeuctsu nosra u rcuxu+ecroro rpoecca.
3to sMcrasauuoe uanu rpeqronoeuue qenaet routuMn ueoxoqunocte ue tonero ueuporcuxonoru+ecroro,
uesponoru+ecroro u qp., uo u oaercuxonoru+ecroro auanusa qeerta, rotopMu rossonet uautu yposeue
uapyaeuu s rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtype qeerta u ero rcuxonoru+ecruu nexauusn.
8qece ynectuo scronuute, +to u |. . asnos, u . C. 8Mrotcruu, u A. l. eoutees, u A. P. ypu rucanu, +to
uccneqosauue qonuo qsuratec ue ot usuonoruu r rcuxonoruu, a uaoopot u +to arcrepuneutaneuMu art
uaqo route rpeqe scero rcuxonoru+ecru, a roton repesoqute ero ua usuonoru+ecruu sMr.
pounnkctpupyen ato ronoeuue. 8Mae nM rucanu, +to oneuMe c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra ue
crpasnnuce c saqauuen ro coctasneuuk rnaua r terctan." VM ouapyunu, +to y uux uapyaeuo rouunauue
tercta, uo ue opnaneuou, sepaneuou ero ctopouM, a cytu cooaeuu,
1
ero cnMcna. Auanus qeerta rorasan,
+to s ero ocuose neut uapyaeuue artyanusauu suauuu, orMta, auanusa u cuutesa suecnosecuoro routercta
peaneuou qeuctsuteneuoctu u routercta +yoro sMcrasMsauu. 8 atot routerct sxoqut, ro V. V. 6axtuuy, u
roqpasynesauue, unekaee orpeqeneuuyk cnosecuyk oprauusauk u t. q. 6axtuu rucan, +to rouunauue
cnosa u sMcrasMsauu sMpactaet ua ocuose oaeu sosne+euuoctu s cutyauk cnoso sua+ane sosne+euo s
oauu routerct qeuctsuu u rouunaetc suytpu uero, u tonero rosquee rosnetc sosnouocte ero
usonuposauuoro rouunauu."
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
Taroe rouunauue tpeyet coxpauuoctu artyanusauu suauuu, routercta qeteneuoctu u cutyauu, sMcaero
auanusa u cuutesa, oecre+usakaux sM+neueuue us scero artyanusuposauuoro oaero u cyaectseuuoro.
0equueuue scex sM+neueuuMx rpusuaros ua uosou ocuose cosqaet us uux rar M uosyk ronuuauk,
rotopa u seqet r ronuoeuuony u ooaeuuon-y rouunauuk tercta u sanoeuuoro s uen cnMcna. lapyaeuue
sMcaux cuutesos, c ronoaek rotopMx cosqaktc uosMe ronuuauu us pasnu+uMx .coxpauuMx coctasnkaux,
seqet r uapyaeuuk rouunauu cnMcnosou sarou+euuoctu tercta, ero cytu. 8Mcaue cuutesM ocyaectsnktc
rpu y+actuu nouMx qoneu nosra, u ux ropaeuue seqet r. uapyaeuuk sep-aneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu
uneuuo ua ypotue ocyaectsneuu sMcaux cuutesos. 3tot yposeue s ctpyrtype rouunauu orasanc
uapyaeuuMn y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten. 8 atou to+re u rpoucxoqut uapyaeuue uutunuou
cssu paotM nouMx qoneu nosra u oquoro us yposueu s ctpyrtype rpoterauu rpoecca rouunauu.
1artopM, neaaue s ocuose uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu rpu ropaeuuu pasuMx y+actros
nouMx qoneu nosra, pasuMe, u cuuqponM tare pasuMe. |x oequuet uapyaeuue oquoro us oaux
rpuuuros paotM rpeeutpaneuMx, repequux, nouMx otqenos nosra ocyaectsneuue sMcaux cuutesos,
uutunuo cssauuMx c orpeqeneuuMn yposuen s rcuxonoru+ecrou ctpyrtype qeerta.
8ce crasauuoe uanu uneet teopetu+ecroe sua+euue, tar rar rossonet rpouuruyte s nexauusnM ssaunocssu
nosra u rcuxuru, route nuoroopasuMe u cnouMe nexauusnM paotM nosra, a tare ocuet
cyaectsosauue uenuoro+ucneuuMx rpuuuros ero paotM, rotopMe qenakt rocnequkk onee arouonu+uou, a
ssaunoqeuctsue otqeneuMx ero sou onee rnactu+uMn. C rpartu+ecrou to+ru speuu suauue rpuuuros
paotM nosra u ux ssaunocssu c sMcaunu rcuxu+ecrunu yurunu qaet sosnouocte paspaotate onee
aertusuMe netoqM socctauosneuu uapyaeuuou uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu.
6oneaa +acte uaaeu paotM Mna rocsaeua rponenan sosnouoctu u netoqan socctauosneuu
uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nosra. 8occtauosuteneuoe oy+euue nM
ucronesosanu c qsyn ennu: c oquou ctopouM, rar qoronuuteneuMu netoq uccneqosauu ctpyrtypM u
nexauusnos uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, a c qpyrou qn paspaotru uay+uo oocuosauuMx
netoqos socctauosneuu nMcnuteneuou qeteneuoctu y oneuMx c noraneuMnu ropaeuunu nosra. Kar
rorasanu uaau creuaneuMe uccneqosauu u rpartu+ecra paota ro socctauosneuuk sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux
yuruu, aertusuMnu snktc ue anrupu+ecru sosuuraue netoqM u ue saunctsosauuMe us qpyrux suqos-
rcuxonoru+ecrou u nequuucrou rparturu, a opuruuaneuMe, uay+uo'oocuosauuMe ueuporcuxonoru-
+ecrue netoqM, rotopMe qonuM Mte aqersatuM nexauusny qeerta. VetoqM, rotopMe nM creuaneuo
paspaotanu qn socctauosneuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu u orucanu s qauuou paote, snktc
rpunepon uneuuo tarux netoqos. 0uu aqersatuM ctpyrtype u .nexauusny uapyaeuu u scruu pas, une oquy
u ty e ene socctauosneuue nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, peaakt pasuMe saqa+u. +toM rpeoqonete
qeertM nMcnuteneuoro rpoecca, ueoxoqunM pasuMe netoqM, uarpasneuuMe ua socctauosneuue s oquux
cny+ax orepauu c noruro-rpannatu+ecrunu rouctpyrunu, s qpyrux opueutuposo+uo-uccneqosatenecrou
qeteneuoctu, s tpeteux orepauu ro sM+neueuuk cyaectseuuMx rpusuaros rpeqneta, a s +etseptMx
oaero uesepaneuoro routercta u t. q. 8o scex cny+ax ene oqua, a saqa+u pasuMe u netoqM
socctauosuteneuoro oy+euu tare pasuMe. laaa paota rorasana, +to netoqM, ueaqersatuMe ctpyrtype u
nexauusny uapyaeuu uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, ue rpusoqunu r ycrexy.
VM eae o+eue nano suaen nosr, ero ctpoeuue u sarouM paotM, uo oquo cuo ou onaqaet ronoccaneuMnu
sosnouoctnu, uo
sryre c +enoseron, c ero nu+uoctek. | socctauosneuue sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu, roue+uo e, sasucut
ot nosra, ero enoctuoctu u sarouos paotM, ero rnactu+uoctu. lo ronuoeuuoe u rpoqyrtusuoe
socctauosneuue ue noet rpoterate sue nu+uoctu +enosera, es ero y+actu, sue rcuxonoru+ecrux u
couaneuMx sosqeuctsuu ua noponoruk u usuonoruk nosra. atonoru nu+uoctu, anououaneuo-sonesou
cepM, rar nM rorasanu sMae, snetc oneaun topnoson s rpoecce socctauosneuu sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux
yuruu, uecnotp ua sMco+auayk ctereue canoperynuu "nosra, rotopMu noet can ce roqqepusate,
socctauasnusate, rorpasnte u qae cosepaeuctsosate.
eutpaneua uepsua cuctena roqqaetc pasuoro poqa sosqeuctsun ussue uonoru+ecrun u
usuonoru+ecrun, rcuxonoru+ecrun u couaneuMn, s ueu uu+ero ue octaetc ueroqsuuMn, ueroqatnusMn.
leuporcuxonoru orupaetc ua atu csouctsa nosra s peaunutauouuou paote rpu socctauosneuuu uapyaeu-
uMx sMcaux rcuxu+ecrux yuruu. Crertp ycnosuu, crococtsykaux ux socctauosneuuk, orponeu, u r uun
otuoctc rpeqe scero couaneuMe sosqeuctsu. 8occtauosneuue yuruu tpeyet sosqeuctsu ue tonero u
ue ctonero ua qeert, cronero ua canoro +enosera, ero nu+uocte. VM socctauasnusaen ue otqeneuyk yur-
uk y saonesaero +enosera, usonuposauuyk ot ero nu+uoctu, a canoro +enosera u tonero +epes sosqeuctsue
ua uero, ero nu+uocte. socctauasnusaen yuruk. oatony ropaeuu nouMx cucten nosra,
corposoqakauec uapyaeuuen nu+uoctu, seqyt r tarun qeertan uutennertyaneuou qeteneuoctu, rotopMe
rpeoqonesaktc c tpyqon unu coscen ue rpeoqonesaktc, uecnotp ua coxpauuocte s enon yposu
orepauu, yneuuu u uasMros.
VM xopoao rouunaen, +to nuorue us sorpocos, satpouytMe uanu rpu ocyqeuuu natepuanos, u ronoeuu,
copnynuposauuMe u ocyqaenMe ua ctpauuax ruuru, tpeykt qaneueuaero ocnMcneuu.
60APb Y0TPE5PEHbX TEPHhh0
1

/c+osu+ (ot rpe+. a otpuateneua +actua, gnosis sua+euue, rosuauue, socrputue) uapyaeuu
pasuMx suqos socrputu, sosuurakaue rpu ropaeuux nosra pasnu+uou atuonoruu (oryxonu, +eperuo-
nosrosMe tpasnM, uapyaeuu nosrosoro rposoopaaeuu). 1opna A. sasucut ot noranusauu ropaeuu
nosra.
/cpavvamusv uapyaeuu rpannatu+ecrou ctopouM yctuou u ruceneuuou pe+u (arcrpeccusuMu A.),
uapyaeuue rouunauu sua+euuu rpannatu+ecrux oopotos (unrpeccusuMu A.). 1opna A. sasucut ot
noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
/cpau+ (ot rpe+. a otpuateneua +actua, grapho ruay) uapyaeuu rucena. 1opna A. sasucut ot
noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
/|ane|,nu+ (ot rpe+. a otpuateneua +actua u nat. cal-culatio c+et, sM+ucneuue) uapyaeuue c+eta u
c+etuMx orepauu. 1opna A. sasucut ot noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
/ne|cu+ (ot rpe+. aptpuateneua +actua, lego +utak) uapyaeuu +teuu. 1opna A. sasucut ot
noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
/vuvu+ (ruronunu) uapyaeuue qsueuuu nuesou nycrynatypM (nunuru), rpusoqaee r ronuony
otcytctsuk unu ocnaneuuk (ruro-) sMpasuteneuoctu nua.
/+anusamop (ot rpe+. analysis pasnoeuue, pac+neueuue) -tepnuu, sseqeuuMu |. . asnosMn qn
oosua+euu uepsuMx arrapatos nosra, oecre+usakaux socrputue, auanus u cuutes pasqpauteneu pasuMx
noqaneuocteu. 8Mqenkt sputeneuMu, cnyxosou, oouteneuMu, rouMu, qsurateneuMu u qp. A.
/+mu(una(u+ (ot nat. anticipo rpeqsocxuaak) rpeqsocxuaeuue rpeqctasneuu rpeqneta, qeuctsuu c
uun, pesynetata qeuctsuu u t. q. eae qo toro, rar rpousoano socrputue rpeqneta (sneuu, oerta).
/npa|cu+ (ot rpe+. a otpuauue, praxis qeuctsue) uapy-
1
Cnosape coctasneu c oropou ua cuxonoru+ecruu cnosape roq peqarueu 8. 8. asMqosa (V., 1983).
aeuue rpoussoneuMx eneuarpasneuuMx qeuctsuu. 1opna A. sasucut ot noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
/cmepeoc+os (tartuneua aruosu} uapyaeuue ysuasauu rpeqnetos ua oayre rar cneqctsue uapyaeuu
cuutetu+ecrux cunynetauuMx rpoeccos s tartuneuon socrputuu, uactyrakaero us-sa uapyaeuu cnouMx
opn rnyorou +ysctsuteneuoctu rpu coxpauuoctu sputeneuoro ysuasauu rpeqnetos.
/asu+ (ot rpe+. a otpuateneua +actua u phasis pe+e, sMcrasMsauue) uapyaeuue pe+u,
sosuurakaee rpu noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra pasnu+uou atuonoruu (+eperuo-nosrosa tpasna, oryxonu,
uapyaeuu nosrosoro rposoopaaeuu). Cyaectsyet uecronero opn A. (ro rnaccuurauu A. P. ypuu),
pasuMe nexauusnM u ctpyrtypa rotopMx sasuct ot noranusauu ropaeuu nosra.
levua+oncu+ oquoctopouuee sMraqeuue sputeneuoro ron, sosuurakaee rpu ropaeuuu repsu+uMx roneu
sputeneuou ropM (17 rone 6poqnaua), pacronoeuuMx s rpeqenax oquoro ronyaapu.
l+osuc (ot rpe+. gnosis suauue) socrputue.
usapmpu+ (ot rpe+. dys rpuctasra, osua+akaa pacctpouctso, arthroo +neuopasqeneuo rpousuoay)
uapyaeuue +etroro apturynuposauu ssyros; cunrtonM cnasauuocte, uocosou otteuor rpousuoaeuu,
nouotouuocte. . otnu+aetc -ot aasuu coxpauuoctek ctpyrtypM pe+u, rucena u +teuu. 8osuuraet us-sa
uapyaeuu uuuepsauu apturyntopuoro arrapata (nrroro ua, sMra, ry).
uccpau+ (ot rpe+. dys pacctpouctso, grapho ruay) cn. acpau+.
ucne|cu+ (ot rpe+. dys pacctpouctso;, lego +utak) cn. ane|cu+.
, n+menne|m (ot nat. intellectus) yn, paccyqor, pasyn,-nMcnuteneuMe crocouoctu +enosera, cosoryruocte
scex rosuasateneuMx yuruu +enosera ot oayaeuu u socrputu qo nManeuu u soopaeuu. 8 onee
ysron cnMcne nManeuue.
n+menne|m,ane+a+ de+mene+ocme qeteneuocte, s ocuose rotopou neat rosuasateneuMe notusM,
uccneqosatenecruu unrynec, teopetu+ecruu uutepec; cnyut qn rpartu+ecroro u teopetu+ecroro rosuauu
qeuctsuteneuoctu u qn oprauusauu, rnauuposauu u pyrosoqctsa qeteneuoctek +enosera.
n+mepuopusa(u+ rpoecc opnuposauu suytpeuuero rnaua qeteneuoctu, rpeopasosauu sueauux
rpartu+ecrux qeuctsuu so suytpeuuue ynctseuuMe qeuctsu.
|eanuu|a(u+ cuvnmova (dee|ma) ra+ectseuuMu auanus, usy+euue ctpyrtypM uapyaeuu, t. e.
sMqeneuue toro artopa (unu repsu+uoro qeerta), rotopMu rpusen r sosuuruoseuuk uankqaenoro
cunrtona.
Vecnumene+ee npo(ecce rpoeccM, peanusykaue ocoMu suq eneuarpasneuuMx qeuctsuu u orepauu,
aqersatuMx rosuasateneuMn enn.
lap,ae+ue eecaux ncuxuvec|ux ,+|(uu (31) repsu+uMn s raqon rourpetuon cny+ae sMctyraet
Ofpepakfupoean u onynukoean ua cafe : PRESSI ( HERSON )
uapyaeuue coctseuuou yuruu ropaeuuoro y+actra, rotopa oecre+usaet uopnaneuoe rpoterauue
rpoecca orpeqeneuuoro sseua yuruouaneuou cuctenM (uarpunep, uapyaeuue aryctu+ecroro auanusa u
cuutesa rpu ropaeuuu 22 ron 8epuure, t. e. saqueu '/s sepxueu suco+uou ussunuuM ropM nesoro ronyaapu
u qp.). 8topu+uoe (unu cuctenuoe) uapyaeuue ato uapyaeuue sceu yuruouaneuou cuctenM s enon,
sosuurakaee scneqctsue u ua -ocuose repsu+uoro uapyaeuu, uapyaeuu artopa (uarpunep, ua ocuose
uapyaeuu aryctu+ecroro auanusa u cuutesa (artopa) sosuuraet uapyaeuue rouunauu pe+u, rucena, +teuu
u qp.).
leuponcuxonocuvec|uu cu+dpov cunrtonoronrnerc, coctoauu us sueaue pasuopoquMx cunrtonos, uo
suytpeuue cssauuMx neqy coou ua ocuose oaero artopa (nexauusna) ux sosuuruoseuu rpu noraneuMx
ropaeuux nosra.
apac+osuu (ot rpe+ para sosne, orono, gnosis suauue, ysuasauue, socrputue) ueto+uoe unu
uerpasuneuee rouunauue sua+euu cnos rpu cnyxoson socrputuu pe+u.
apaasuu (ot rpe+. para sosne, orono, phasis pe+e) saneua oquoro cnosa qpyrun, nusrun ro cnMcny
(uarpunep, xne ynra, nora sunra u qp.) sepaneuMe .; saneua oquoro ssyra s cnose rpu ero
rpousueceuuu qpyrun ro ouenatu+ecrou nusoctu unu nusrun ro necty u crocoy rpoucxoqeuu ssyra
(uarpunep, rMnuura Mnuura, rnacc rnas, aa rara nana, sap ap u qp.) nutepaneuMe .
epceeepa(u+ (ot nat. perseveratio yropctso) uass+usoe, yropuoe rostopeuue oquux u tex e
rpeqMqyaux qsueuuu, ssyros, cnos, pas, opasos, nMcneu. Pasnu+akt notopuMe, ceucopuMe u
uutennertyaneuMe .
Peve ucronesosauue cpeqcts sMra uuqusuqon coopasuo c saqa+anu, rotopMe repeq uun ctot, u
ycnosunu, s rotopMx atu saqa+u sosuurakt. 3tot rpoecc cosepaaetc s suqe pe+esou qeteneuoctu u
sMpaaetc s pe+esMx opasosauux, rocpeqctson rotopMx cosepaaetc oaeuue; +se| e ta
cosoryruocte cpeqcts, rotopMe pe+e rpu aton ucronesyet (C. . Pyuuateuu), u, pasnu+a sMr u pe+e, uaqo u
cnoso paccnatpusate s qsouuon ra+ectse rar equuuy sMra u equuuy pe+u.
0uvnmov (+euponcuxonocuvec|uu) uapyaeuue tou unu qpyrou rcuxu+ecrou yuruu, sosuurakaee rpu
noraneuMx ropaeuux nosra (uarpunep, uapyaeuue yuruu rouunauu pe+u, rantu, socrputu u qp.).
Cunrton ue cosraqaet c noranusaueu qauuou yuruu. (larpunep, cunrton uapyaeuu yuruu rucena
noet sosuurate rpu ropaeuuu suco+uMx otqenos nesoro ronyaapu nosra, oquaro noranusau yuruu
rucena coscen uua.)
0uv,nema++ee cu+mese oequueuue otqeneuMx pasqpauteneu s orpeqeneuuMe rpyrrM, otpaakaue
oquospeneuuMe rpoct-
pauctseuuMe sosqeuctsu. Cunynetauuoe socrputue oquospeneuuoe, nruoseuuoe socrputue.
0u+dpov cn. +euponcuxonocuvec|uu cu+dpov.
0,|(eccue+oe eocnpu+mue rocneqosateneuoe socrputue pasqpauteneu, xapartepusykauxc ropqron
cneqosauu.
Yvcmee++ee deucmeu+ pasuoopasuMe qeuctsu +enosera, sMronuenMe so suytpeuuen rnaue cosuauu
es oropM ua sueauue cpeqctsa, srnk+a u sueaukk (cnMaunyk) peus.
1a|mop (no /. P. ,puu) uapyaeuue coctseuuou yuruu qauuoro y+actra nosra, seqyaee r pacraqy
pqa yuruouaneuMx cucten (u 81), s ctpyrtypy rotopMx sxoqut qauuMu artop.
1o+eva (ot rpe+. phonema ronoc, ssyr, pe+e) pasnu+uteneua equuua ssyrosoro ctpo sMra; ooaeuue
pasnu+uMx sapuautos cnMaunMx s pe+u ssyros unu sMqeneuue u ooaeuue quepeuuaneuMx rpusuaros
ssyros, uecyaux ua cee sua+euu, s otnu+ue ot qpyrux ssyros, rotopMe uasMsaktc sapuautM u ue uecyt
cnMcnopasnu+uteneuou yuruu. 1. canoe cyaectseuuoe csouctso ssyra (. 8. epa).
1o+evamuvec|uu cn,x cnMcnopasnu+uteneuMu cuctenatusuposauuMu cnyx, oecre+usakauu, auanus u
cuutes ssyrosoro rotora u socrputue ouen qauuoro sMra.
3xonanu+ (ot rpe+. echo otpaeuue, laleo rosopk) astonatu+ecroe (eccnMcneuuoe) rostopeuue
cnMaunMx ssyros, cnos, pas, sosuurakaee rpu saonesauux nosra pasnu+uou atuonoruu. Xapartepua qn
pe+u uopnaneuo passusakauxc qeteu pauuero sospacta. -
3xonpa|cu+ (ot rpe+. cb otpaeuue, praxis qeuctsue) roqpaateneuMu astonatusn, astonatu+ecroe
rostopeuue qsueuuu u qeuctsuu. 8osuuraet rpu saonesauux nosra pasnu+uou atuonoruu. 0qua us opn 3.
axonanu+.
Fse| couaneuo-rcuxonoru+ecroe sneuue; oquun us rposneuuu sMra snetc yctua pe+e rar
cnosecuoe oaeuue: sMr snetc cpeqctson ocyaectsneuu pe+u u sepaneuoro nManeuu. FsMr ato
cpeqctso, c ronoaek rotoporo ooaaetc u repeqaetc nkqn orMt oaectseuuo-uctopu+ecrou rparturu, a
cneqosateneuo, sMr tare u cpeqctso oaeuu. Pe+e u sMr cssauM neqy coou (A. A. eoutees, A. l.
eoutees, 1. qe Coc-ckp).
0lA8El|E
0t astopa ......................................................................................................
8seqeuue. cuxonoru nManeuu .............................................................
+acte 1. leuporcuxonoru+ecruu auanus uapyaeuu u socctauosneuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro nManeuu
....................................................................
lnaea I. lapyaeuue u socctauosneuue paotM c nutepatypuMn tercton
............................................................................................................
I. ponena u netoqura uccneqosauu ...........................................
2. lapyaeuue paotM c nutepatypuMn tercton y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx .otqenos nosra ..............................
3. lapyaeuue paotM c nutepatypuMn tercton y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra .........................................................
lnaea II. lapyaeuue rouunauu tercta ..................................................
I. ponena, saqa+u u netoqura uccneqosauu .............................
2. lapyaeuue rouunauu tercta y oneuMx c ropaeuuen saque-suco+uMx u teneuuo-satMno+uMx onacteu nosra (oneuMe c
aasueu) ..................................................................................................
3. lapyaeuue rouunauu tercta y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra ..................................................................................
4. 0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu.....................................
lnaea III. lapyaeuue u-socctauosneuue peaeuu apunetu+ecrux saqa+
.............................................................................................................
1. ponena u netoqura uccneqosauu ...........................................
2. lapyaeuue peaeuu saqa+ y oneuMx c ropaeuuen teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra ............................................................
3- lapyaeuue peaeuu saqa+ y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx cucten nosra .......................................................................................
lnaea IV. lapyaeuue rouunauu roue+uoro sorpoca apunetu+ecrou saqa+u, rostopeuu u rouunauu ee ycnosu
.....................:.....................
1. ponena, saqa+u u netoqura uccneqosauu .............................
2. lapyaeuue rostopeuu saqa+u ..................................................
3. lapyaeuue rouunauu roue+uoro sorpoca saqa+u ...................
4. CpasuuteneuMu auanus uapyaeuuu sepaneuo-noru+ecroro u uarnquoro nManeuu ......................................................................
5. 0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu ....................................
lnaea V- 8epaneuo-noru+ecroe nManeuue: uopna u ratonoru. 0aue sarouonepuoctu
.........................................................................................
1
1 ;i c t e 2. heponcxonorueck auani uapymeu soccauosneu uarnquo-o6paiuoro usmneu
.....................................................................
lnaea VI. cuxonoru opasa u rpoecc orosuauu oerta .................
lnaea VII. lapyaeuue u socctauosneuue rpeqnetuoro opasa rpu ropaeuuu suco+uMx u saque-suco+uo-teneuuMx otqenos nosra
...................
I. ponena u netoqura uccneqosauu ...........................................
2. lapyaeuue rpeqnetuMx opasos y oneuMx c arycturo-nuectu-+ecrou u a n uectu +ecrou aasueu
.................................................
3. 0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu .....................................
lnaea VIII. lapyaeuue rpeqnetuMx opasos pasuou noqaneuoctu y oneuMx c aasueu
....................................................................................
1. ponena u netoqura uccneqosauu ...........................................
2. lapyaeuue rpeqnetuMx opasos-rpeqctasneuuu pasuou noqaneuoctu y oneuMx c pasuMnu opnanu aasuu .............................
3. 0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu ..................,..................
lnaea IX. lapyaeuue u socctauosneuue sputeneuoro rpeqnetuoro opasa y qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen
.....................................................
1. ponena u netoqura uccneqosauu ...........................................
2. lapyaeuue rpeqnetuou sputeneuo-opasuou cepM y qeteu c auonaneuMn passutuen
.......................................................................
3. 0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu .....................................
+acte 3. hapymeue soccauosneue uarnquo-qecseuuoro usmneu
(ua npuepe koucpyksuo qeensuoc) ................................................
1. ponena u netoqura'uccneqosauu ...........................................
2. lapyaeuue u socctauosneuue uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro nManeuu
rpu ropaeuuu teneuuo-satMno+uMx otqenos nosra........................
3. lypyaeuue uarnquo-qeuctseuuoro nManeuu y oneuMx c ropaeuuen nouMx qoneu nosra ..............:.........................................
4. 0cyqeuue pesynetatos uccneqosauu .....................................
8arnk+euue ............................................................................................
Cnosape yrotpenenMx tepnuuos ...................................


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