Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

11.1 Critical depth in Trapezoidal and Circular channels

Problem:
For trapezoidal channel show that Q m gb
5 2 3

y'c

( y'c + 1)
+1

' 2yc

, where y'c =

myc b

Solution:
The most important basic problem is to determine the critical depth. From the dimensional analysis yc = f ( Q, b, g, m ) Combining it can be rewritten as For critical flow F =
2

Q2 yc = f 5 ,m gb b

V = 1. gD

V =D g
2

From continuity equation V A 2D = Q2 . g Q g byc

Q2 A2

Section factor Z =

Consider A= ( b+myc ) yc my = 1+ c b 2myc T = 1 + b b myc 1+ yc A b = T 2myc 1 + b my Z = A D = 1+ c b

2 2

myc 1+ yc 2 b b y c 1 + 2myc b

Defining y'c =
2 2

myc b

3 2 b ) Q2 1+y'c ) ( 1+y'c )( yc ( = Z = g (1+2y'c )

Multiplying on both sides by 1+y'c 1+y'c Q2 m3 = g b5 1+2y'c

3

m3 b5

we get
2
3

' ' ) ( )( yc3b2 ) m3 ( 1+yc ) ( 1+yc ) ' = y b5 ( ) (1+2y'c ) c ' 3 ' Q 2 m3 ( 1+yc ) yc = g b5 (1+2y'c ) 2

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics

Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Problem: Show that for circular channel Q 2 do gd sin cos = 64 sin

2

In which y is the depth of flow " d0" is the diameter of the circular channel. Solution: When flow is critical,
Froude number F = => V = gD = => Q A V =1 gD

Q2 = gD > (1) A2 2 d0 r2 Area of flow A = ( sin ) = ( sin ) 2 8 substituting = 2 it can be written as

2 d0 A= ( 2 sin2 ) 8 d Top width = T = 2 sin ( ) = d sin ( - ) = d sin 2

Hydraulic depth D =

A d ( 2 sin2 ) d ( 2 2sin cos ) = = 8 T 8 sin sin d ( sin cos ) D= 4 sin

Q2 Q2 = 4 A 2 d ( 2 2sin cos )2 64 gd sin cos Q2 = gD = 4 sin 4 d sin cos 2 ( ) 16 g d sin cos Q2 4 = sin 4 d 2 ( sin cos ) 16 From eq: ( 1 ) gD =
3 1 ( sin .cos ) Q2 => = 5 64 sin gd

1 Q2 = ( sin cos )3 2 d gd 64 sin

Indian Institute of Technology Madras