Types of carbons and hydrogens in organic structures

H H H C H C C C C H H H H H H H H C C C H H HH H H CH3 CH3 CH C H3C C CH3 H2 CH3

(CH3)CHCH2C(CH3)3

condensed

Kekul

"condensed Kekul"

bond-line

Types of orbital hybridization on carbon (sp3, sp2, sp)

H3C H2 C C H3C CH CH H2 C C H C C H H3C CH CH H2 C C H C C H

C HC

H C C H

C HC

C HC

CH CH

sp3

sp2

sp

Primary (1), secondary (2), tertiary (3), quaternary (4) are only applicable to sp3 carbons, NOT sp2 or sp types of carbons types of carbons
CH3 CH3 C CH H3C CH3 C H2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH C H3C C CH3 H2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH C H3C C CH3 H2 CH3 CH3 H3C CH CH3 CH3 C C CH3 H2

This can be thought of as, "How many carbons are attached to the carbon in question?" one = 1; two = 2; three = 3; four = 4

types of hydrogens types of hydrogens

CH3 CH3 CH C H3C C CH3 H2 CH3 CH3 H3C CH CH3 CH3 C C CH3 H2 CH3 CH3 CH C H3C C CH3 H2 CH3

Same as the type of carbons that they are attached to: 1carbon = 1hydrogen; 2carbon = 2hydrogen; 3carbon = 3hydrogen; (4 hydrogens do not exist)

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Aromatic hydrogens must be directly attached to aromatic groups not just double bonds
CH3 H H H H H H3C H Cl H H N H H3C N H N H

Just because double bonds are in a ring and does not necessarily make it aromatic (Rules are given in Chapter 15). The following are NOT aromatic hydrogens, even though they are on double bonds.
H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

A carbon-carbon double bond between two sp2 carbons can be called an "alkene", "olefin", or a "vinyl group". The hydrogens attached to sp2 carbons can be called "alkenyl", "olefinic", or "vinyl".
H H H H H H H H

examples of vinyl hydrogens Benzylic carbons are attached directly to an aromatic group

H2C H H H

CH3 H H H 3C H

H N C H2

H CH2 CH2 H3C N H

CH3 N H CH3

Cl

examples of benzylic carbons Benzylic hydrogens are directly attached to benzylic carbons
H2C H H H CH3 H H H 3C H Cl H H CH2 CH2 H3C N H CH3 N H CH3

H N C H2

examples of benzylic hydrogens Page 2 of 2