vks3e~

oSfnd /keZ xzUFk ifjp;

lrh'k vk;Z

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

oSfnd /keZ xzUFk ifjp;

0& ekuoh; l`f"V dk vkfn xzUFk dkSu lk gS \
m0& ekuoh; l`f"V dk vkfn xzUFk osn gSA
0& osn D;k g vkSj fdlus fy[ks g \
m0& ekuo ek= ds dY;k.kkFkZ ijekRek }kjk fn;k x;k Kku ^osn* gSA ;g ekuoh;
jpuk ugha gS ijUrq ijekRek dk vikS#"ks; Kku gSA
0& osn fdrus g rFkk buds eq[; fo"k; D;k g \
m0& osn pkj g & 1- _Xosn] 2- ;tqon
Zs ] 3- lkeosn] 4- vFkoZon
s A bu pkjk osnk e
Kku] deZ] mikluk ,oa foKkudk.M dk fu'p; gSA Kku fdlh inkFkZ ds lkekU; cksk
dks rFkk foKku mlds lk{kkr~ cksk dks dgrs gA pkjk fo"k;k e foKku lcls eq[; gS]
;r% mlls ijes'oj ls ysdj r`.k&i;ZUr lc inkFkks dk gLrkeydor~ lk{kkr~ cksk gksrk
gSA mle Hkh ijes'oj dk vuqHko loZe[
q ; gS] D;kfd lc osnk dk kkur% mlh esa
rkRi;Z gSA _Xosn e xq.k&xqf.k;k ds Kku&foKku dk mins'k vFkkZr~ bZ'oj ls ysdj Hkwfe
i;ZUr inkFkks dk xq.k&o.kZu :i Kku vkSj foKkudk.M gS] vkSj ;tqon
Zs e bZ'oj&iwtk]
fo}RlRdkj] f'kYikfn f;kvk ls laxfrdj.k] 'kqHk fo|k] xq.k] ku vkfn dk nku ,oa
;Kkfn drZO; deks dk mins'k:i deZdk.M of.kZr gSA lkeosn e Kku&foKku] deZ
vkSj mikluk rhuk dk leUo; gS vFkkZr~ ;g cryk;k x;k gS fd euq"; Kku&foKku]
deZ vkSj mikluk dh dgka rd mkfr dj ldrk gS rFkk mldk D;k Qy gksrk gSA
vFkoZon
s m fo|k&fo"k;k dk iwjd gSA
iz0& osn ds ea=k ds lkFk _f"k;k ds uke feyrs g ftlls ;g rhr gksrk gS fd bu&bu
_f"k;k us bu&bu ea=k dh jpuk dh \
m0& ijekRek us _Xosnkfn pkjk osn e'k% vfXu] ok;q] vkfnR; vkSj vfjk _f"k;k
dks ,d&,d osn dk Kku fn;kA rRi'pkr~ xq#&f'k"; ijEijk ls osn dk Kku vU; yksxk
rd igqp
a kA ftl&ftl _f"k us loZFke ftl&ftl ea= dk vFkZ tkuk ml&ml dk uke
ea= ds lkFk Lej.kkFkZ Hkh fy[kk gqvk gSA vr% _f"k ea=k ds dkkZ u gksdj ea=kFkZ "Vk

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

FksA
0& osn ds ea=k ds lkFk nsork uke dk D;k vfHkk; gSA
m0& ea= dk nsork ea= ds fo"k; ds ckjs e crkrk gS fd bl ea= eas fdl fo"k; ds ckjs
e crk;k x;k gSA bldk Hkh ea= ds lkFk ek= bruk gh lEcUk gSA
iz0& osn dh fdruh 'kk[kk,a g \
m0& fdlh le; e osn dh 1131 'kk[kk,a miyCk gksrh FkhA _Xosn dh 21] ;tqon
Zs
dh 101] lkeosn dh 1000 rFkk vFkoZon
s dh 9 'kk[kk,a gks x;h FkhA pkj ewy dks
fudky dj 'ks"k 1127 'kk[kk,a ewy osn u gksdj bZ'ojr osnk ds _f"kr O;k[;ku
gA vktdy _Xosn dh 'kkdy 'kk[kk ewy] 'kSf'kfj 'kk[kk lk;.kHkk"; okyh rFkk
'kk~[kk;u 'kk[kk gLrfyf[kr] 'kqDy ;tqon
Zs dh ek;fUnu ewy vkSj dk.o rFkk
".k ;tqon
Zs dh rSfkjh;] eS=k;.kh] dkBd vkSj di dkfi"By lafgrk,a] lkeosn dh
dkSFkqe] jk.kk;uh; ewy rFkk tSfeuh; lafgrk,a rFkk vFkoZon
s dh 'kkSudh; ewy rFkk
iSIiykn lafgrk,a gh miyCk gA
0& pkjk osnk e dy fdrus ea= g \
m0& _Xosn e 10522 ea=] ;tqon
Zs e 1975 ea=] lkeosn e 1875 ea= rFkk
vFkoZon
s esa 5977 ea= gA bl dkj pkjk osnk ds dy 20349 ea= gA
0 & osn dk ewy fl)kUr D;k gS \
m0 & osn ds vuqlkj bZ'oj] tho rFkk fr rhu vukfn inkFkZ gA bZ'oj lfPpnkuUnLo:i
txr~ dk fufek dkj.k gS rFkk miknku dkj.k fr ls leLr czk.M dh jpuk thok
ds deks dk ;Fkk;ksX; Qy nsus ds fy;s djrk gSA txr~ dh jpuk thok ds Hkksx rFkk
vioxZ gsrq gSA
0& osn dks NksM+ vU; xzUFk Hkh rks lalkj e pfyr gA mue Hkh ;g lc Kku miyCk
gksrk gSA ;fn mue ;g lc Kku kIr gks rks osnk dh D;k vko';drk gS\
m0& osn ijekRek dk Kku gksus ls Lor% ek.k gA bUg fdlh vU; ek.k dh vko';drk
ugha gSA ijUrq vU; xzUFkk ds ek.k ds fy;s osn dh vko';drk gS D;kfd os lc ekuo
jfpr gA vr% osn Kku gh ije vko';d gSA tks&tks osnkuqdy
xzFa k gS og Hkh ek.k

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

djus ;ksX; g] vU; ughaA

0& osnkuqdy
xzUFk dkSu ls gA
m0& osnkuqdy
xzUFk fuEufyf[kr g %&

pkj miosn &

1-

vk;qonZs tks oS|d'kkL= e fpfdRlk fo|k gS ftlds pjd lqJr

q vkSj kUoUrfjr

fu?k.Vq g] ;g _Xosn dk miosn gSA

2- kuqon
Zs ble 'kkkk ds fokku;q vfjk vkfn _f"k;k ds cuk;s xzFa k] tksfd
vfjk Hkkj}ktkfnr lafgrk g] ftue jktfo|k fl) gksrh gS] ijUrq os xzFa k k;% yqIr
ls gks x;s g] tks iq#"kkFkZ ls bldks fl) djuk pkgs rks osnkfn fo|kiqLrdk ls lk{kkr~
fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ;tqon
Zs dk miosn gSA okZeku e miyCk dkSfVY; vFkZ'kkk
tSls xzFa k bl Js.kh e j[ks tk ldrs gA & ys[kd
3- xkUkoZon
s tksfd lkexku vkSj ukjnlafgrk vkfn xkufo|k ds xzFa k g] ;g
lkeosn dk miosn gSA
4- vFkZon
s vFkkZr~ f'kYifo|k] dykdkS'ky vkSj HkoufuekZ.k dh fo|k gS &
s dk
ftlds friknu e fo'odekZ] Ro"Vk] nsoK vkSj e;r lafgrk gSA ;g vFkoZon
miosn gSA

pkj czk.k

czk.k xzUFkk e eq[;rk x`gLFkkJe e fd;s tkus okys ;K&;kxkfn dk fokku gS

vkSj vkj.;dk e vj.;LFk okufLFk;k ds dkZO;:i ;K rFkk vkRefpUru dk fokku
gSA vkRefpUru kku va'k gh mifu"kn~ uke ls Fkd~ fd;s x;s gA czk.kk ds vUrxZr
gh vkj.;dk dk lekos'k gksrk gS vkSj mifu"kn vkj.;dk dk gh ,d Hkkx gA
_Xosn dk ,srjs; czk.k & bl czk.k e ;Kk vkSj bf"V;k dk o.kZu gSA bldk
kku fo"k; lkse;kx gSA vfXu"Vkse leLr lkse;kx dh fr gSA blds fofHkk l=k
;Fkk xoke;u&l=] vkfnR;kuke;u&l=] vfjlke;u&l=] }kn'kkg&;kx] vfXugks=&;kx
rFkk jktlw;&rq ,oa jkT;kfHk"ksd dk friknu gSA bl czk.k ds vUr e iqjksfgr ds

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

kkfeZd vkSj jktuSfrd f;kdyki of.kZr gSA bl dkj ble X;kjg ;Kk dk o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA
blds vfrfj _Xosn dh 'kkk;u 'kk[kk dk 'kkk;u czk.k rFkk dkS"khrfd
czk.k Hkh miyCk gksrs gSAa vkj.;dk e ,srjs;] dkS"khrfd vkSj 'kk~[kk;u vkj.;d
Hkh miyCk gksrs gA
;tqon
Zs dk 'kriFk czk.k & ;g lHkh miyCk czk.kk ls fo'kky xzFa k gSA ble
eq[;rk ;Kk dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA ,d fnolh; ;K] lkse;kx] n'kZi.w kZekl tSls ;Kk ls
ysdj oktis;;kx] p;u;kx] v'oes?k vkSj jktlw; tSls jktuSfrd jk"Vijd ;Kk dk
fo'kn o.kZu gSA ble czfo|k] vkRek vkSj lalkj] cUku vkSj eks{k fo"k;k ij Hkh
xEHkhj fpUru miyCk gksrk gSA
blds vfrfj ".k ;tqon
Zs dh rSfkjh; 'kk[kk dk rSfkjh;czk.k Hkh miyCk
gksrk gSA rFkk 'kqDy ;tqon
Zs ds ek;fUnu c`gnkjk.;d rFkk dk.o c`gnkjk.;d vkSj
".k ;tqon
Zs ds rSfkjh; vkj.;d vkSj eS=k;.kh; vkj.;d Hkh miyCk gksrs gA
lkeosn dk lke czk.k & dkSFkqe ok jk.kk;uh; 'kk[kk ds vkB czk.k rFkk
tSfeuh; 'kk[kk ds rhu czk.k miyCk gksrs gSA budk laf{kIr ifjp; bl dkj gS %&
1- rk.M egkczk.k & ;g rf.M _f"k }kjk ks] 25 v;k;k e foHk rFkk
lcls cM+k gSA ble 177 ;kxk dk fo'kn o.kZu gS] ftue 75 ,dkg ;kx] 34 vghu
;kx] 65 l= ;kx rFkk 3 vfXu"Vkse] }kn'kkg ,oa xoke;u gA ble mn~xkr`x.k ls
lEc) ;tqeUZ =k dk ms[k] f=o`r]~ ipn'k] lIrn'k vkfn Lrksek dk vkSj mudh
fo"Vqfr;k dk o.kZu] xoke;u&;kx ,d o"kZ rd pyus okyk rFkk leLr l=k dk
frHkwr ;kx dk o.kZu] vfXu"Vkse ,oa vfXu"Vkse;kx laLFkk] vfrjk= ;kxlaLFkk ,oa
k;f'pk] }kn'k ;kx dk fu:i.k] lexz ,dkg ;kxksa dk foospu] lEiw.kZ vghu ;kxk
dk foospu] leLr l= ;kxk dh ehekalk dh xbZ gSA
2- "kM~foa'k czk.k & ;g rk.M czk.k dk iwjd gSA ble dy Ng v;k; g rFkk
kkur% ikp ;kxk dk o.kZu gS';su;kx] b"kq;kx] lan'a k;kx] ozt;kx vkSj oS'onso
=;ksn'kl=;kxA vfUre;kx e lU;kuq"Bku rFkk vqr'kkfUr dj.k gSA

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

3- lkefokku czk.k & ble rhu v;k; g] ftue PN] vfrPN vkfn ozrk dk
vuq"Bku] 'kkfUrdj.k] vk;q";okZu] 'k=qfouk'k] vfHk"ksd vkfn dk o.kZu gSA ble
of.kZr cgqr lh ckr osnfo#) gksus ls ek.k dksfV e ugha vkrhA
4- nsork;k; czk.k & ble fuku&Hksn ls lke nsorkvk dk uke&funs'Z k] NUnk ds
nsork ,oa o.kks dk funs'Z k vkSj NUnk ds ukek dh fu#f;k gA
5- vk"ks;
Z czk.k & ;g lkeosn dh vk"kkZu
q e.kh gS] ftle iwokZfpd ds NUn] nsork
vkSj _f"k;k dk o.kZu gSA
6- eU= czk.k & bls NkUnksX; czk.k Hkh dgrs gA blds Fke nks ikBdk e x`
laLdkjk e ;q gksus okys eU=k dk laxg
z gS vkSj vfUre vkB ikBdk e fl)
NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ gSA
7- lafgrksifu"kn~ czk.k & ble fofok xku&lafgrkvk dk Lo:i rFkk v;;u
Qy] xku&lafgrk dk fofk] LrksHk] Loj] "kV~rhFkZ fo|knku ds ik=] fo|k ds vufkdkjh]
xq#nf{k.kk ,oa i;ksor
z vkfn ri'pj.k dk fo"k; of.kZr gSA ;kLdh; fu# dk fo|k
vfkdkjh&vufkdkjh dk dj.k blh czk.k ds vkkkj ij fy[kk x;k gSA
8- oa'k czk.k & rhu [k.Mk ds bl czk.k e lkeosn ds vkpk;ks dh oa'kijEijk dk
o.kZu gSA vfUre Hkkx e "kM~ osnkaxk dh Hkh ppkZ gSA
9- tSfeuh; czk.k & ;g fo'kkydk; czk.k ryodkj czk.k Hkh dgykrk gSA
bldk vfUre Hkkx mifu"kn~ gSA egkczk.kHkkx ds vfrfj ble }kn'kkg] egkozr]
,dkg] vghu ,oa l= ;kxk dk o.kZu gSA
10- tSfeuh; vk"ks;
Z czk.k & bls lkeosn dh ryodkj 'kk[kk dh _";uqe.kh dgk
tkrk gSA
11- tSfeuh; mifu"kn~ czk.k & bls ryodkj vkj.;d Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fl)
dsuksifu"kn~ blh ls yh x;h gSA ble vusd ea=k dh n;xzkgh O;k[;k ds vfrfj dbZ
lke Hkh of.kZr gq, gA
vFkoZon
s dk xksiFk czk.k & bl dk eq[; fo"k; ;kfKd f;k gSA iwoHZ kkx e
vks3e~ dh efgek foLr`r :i ls xkbZ xbZ gSA f}rh; ikBd e czpkjh dk ego rFkk

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

mlds dkZO;k dk foospu gSA rRi'pkr~ ;Kk dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA ble vkfRed;K
vFkkZr~ vkRek dh mkfr ls iq#"kkFkZ c<kdj vk] tk] i'kq vkSj lq[k kfIr dk fokku
gSA blds vfrfj l`f"Vfo|k] xk;=hea= O;k[;k rFkk 'kjhjfo|k dk Hkh o.kZu gSA

N% osnkax &
1- f'k{kk mle o.kksPZ pkj.k gh fofk gSA bldk ikf.kfu eqfu r f'k{kklw=ikB
kef.kd xzFa k gSA
2- dYi mle osnea=k ds vuq"Bku dh fofk gSA ble JkSrlw=] x`lw=] keZl=
w
rFkk 'kqYclw= vkrs gA ;g ;Kk ds ;ksxk dk leFkZu djus okys 'kkk dgykrs gA
budk ifjp; vkxs fn;k x;k gSA
3- O;kdj.k mle 'kCn] vFkZ vkSj mud ijLij laca k dk fu'p; gSA blds
kekf.kd xzFa k ikf.kfueqfur v"Vk;k;h vkSj irtfyeqfur egkHkk"; gA blds
vfrfj ikf.kfueqfur m.kkfn&lw=ikB] fykuq'kklue&lw=ikB] kkrqikB] x.kikB
Hkh ekf.kd xzFa k gSA rFkk buds lgk;d xzFa kk e dkR;k;ueqfur okfkZd&x.kikB]
irtfyeqfur ifjHkk"kk&ikB rFkk 'kkUruo.khr fQV~l=
w gA bl ij Lokeh n;kuUn
jfpr osnkdk'k ds v"Vk;k;h vkSj egkHkk"; ds vkkkj ij fy[ks x;s o.kksPZ pkj.kf'k{kk]
lfUkfo"k;] ukfed] dkjdh;] lkefld] kS.kkrkf)r] vO;;kFkZ] vk[;kfrd] lkSoj]
ikfjHkkf"kd] kkrqikB] x.kikB] m.kkfndks"k gA
4- fu# ble osnea=k dh fu#f;ka gSA fu# fu?k.Vq dh O;k[;k gSA ;g xzUFk
;kLdeqfu r gSA
5- NUn ble xk;=h vkfn NUnk ds y{k.k g rFkk oSfnd ykSfdd NUnk dk
ifjp; gS] ;g xzUFk fiykpk;Zr gSA
6- T;ksfr"k ble Hkwr] Hkfo";] okZeku dk Kku gS] ble vad] cht] js[kk xf.kr
fo|k lPph rFkk Qyfo|k >wBh gSA ;g xzFa k ofl"Beqfu vkfn r T;ksfr"k] lw;fZ l)kUr
vkfn gA

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

mifu"kn~

uke ds xzUFkk gh la[;k 400 ls vfkd gSA bue ls yxHkx 223

mifu"knk ds okD;k dk laxg

z mifu"kn~ okD; egkdks"k ds uke ls miyCk gksrk gSA
ijUrq fuEu nl mifu"knk & bZ'k] dsu] dB] 'u] eq.Md] ek.MwD;] ,srjs;h] rSfkjh;h]
NkUnksX; vkSj c`gnkj.;d dks gh ekf.kd ekuk tkrk gSA bue czfo|k eq[; fo"k;
gSA

N% mikax &
1- tSfeuh eqfu r iwoe
Z hekaLkk ij O;kleqfur Hkk"; & ble ;Kk rFkk deZdk.M
dk fokku vkSj keZ kehZ nks inkFkks ls lc inkFkks dh O;k[;k ,oa lkekftd U;k;
O;oLFkk dk o.kZu gSA bl n'kZu ij O;kleqfur Hkk"; miyCk ugha gksrk ijUrq kphu

'kcjLokeh r 'kkcjHkk"; miyCk gSA ;g n'kZu 16 v;k;k e iw.kZ gA ijUrq igys

12 v;k; gh lkekU;r% miyCk gksrs gA bl n'kZu ds v;k; 13&16 lad"kZ.kdk.M
ds uke ls fl) gS rFkk vyx ls miyCk gksrk gSA 'kcjLokeh dk Hkk"; Hkh igys 12
v;k;k ij gh gSA 'kcjLokeh ds Hkk"; ij nks Vhdk,a Hkh pfyr gA igyh dekfjyHk
dh rFkk nwljh HkkdjfeJ dhA dekfjy Hk dh Vhdk igys v;k; ds igys ikn ij
'yksdokfkZd ds uke ls] nwljs ikn ls rhljs v;k; rd rU=okfkZd ds uke ls rFkk
v;k; 4 ls 12 rd VqiVhdk ds uke ls miyCk gksrh gSA rFkk Hkkdj feJ dh Vhdk
c`grh ds uke ls fl) gSA bl n'kZu ij ,d vkSj o`fk oklqno
s nhf{kr r vojehekalk&
drg
w yo`fk ds uke ls miyCk gksrh gSA
2- d.kkn eqfu r oS'ksf"kdn'kZu ij 'kLriknHkk"; lfgr & ble fr ds inkFkks
dk xq.k] deZ vkSj LoHkko dk eq[;rk friknu gSA miyCk 'kLriknHkk"; lw=k ij
Hkk"; u gksdj ,d LorU= xzFa k inkFkZkeZlx
a g
z ds uke ls fl) gSA lw=k ij Lokeh
czeqfur Hkk"; kekf.kd rFkk osnkuqdy
gSA
3- xkSre eqfu r U;k;n'kZu ij okRL;k;ueqfur Hkk"; lfgr & ble ek.kfo|k
dk friknu gSA
4- irtfy eqfu r ;ksxn'kZu ij O;klHkk"; lfgr & tks ehekalk] oS'ksf"kd vkSj
U;k; bu rhu 'kkkk }kjk lc inkFkks ds Jo.k vkSj fpUru ls vkuqekfud Kku vkSj

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

fu'p; gksrk gS muds lk{kkr~ Kku dk lkku vkSj mikluk dh jhfr crkus okyk xzFa k gSA
ble v"Vk;ksx dk o.kZu gS ftlls tho lekfk dh voLFkk rd igqp
dj vkRelk{kkRdkj
rFkk ijekRelk{kkRdkj dj ldrk gSA
5- dfiy eqfu r lka[;n'kZu ij Hkkxqfjeqfur Hkk"; lfgr & ble l`f"Vfo|k
rFkk bZ'oj tho vkSj fr dk eq[;rk friknu gSA lka[;n'kZu ij vktdy Hkkxqfjeqfur
Hkk"; miyCk ugha gksrk ijUrq vfu#)o`fk rFkk Lokeh czeqfur Hkk"; miyCk gksrs
gA bue ls vfu#)o`fk osnkuqdy
u gksus ls ekf.kd ugha gSA rFkk czeqfur
osnkuqdy
gksus ls ekf.kd gSA
6- O;kleqfu r osnkUrn'kZu ij ckskk;ueqfurHkk"; & ble czfo|k dk
eq[;rk ls friknu gSA bl n'kZu ij ckskk;ueqfur Hkk"; miyCk ugha gksrk ijUrq
'kkjHkk"; rFkk czeqfur Hkk"; miyCk gksrs gA 'kkjHkk"; v}Srokn ijd gksus ls
osnfo#) gSA Lokeh czeqfu r Hkk"; osnkuqdy
] kekf.kd vkSj lqli"V gSA

euqLe`fr

& e o.kkZJekeks dk O;k[;ku gS rFkk o.kZld

a jk ds keks dk Hkh

O;k[;ku gSA

fonqjuhfr] ukjnlafgrk] ;kKoYD; f'k{kk {ksi NksMd

+ j osnkuqdy

HkkxA

dYi
tSlk fd crk;k x;k gS fd ;g JkSrlw=] x`lw=] 'kqYclw= rFkk keZl=
w k dk
leqnk; gSA tksfd izR;sd osn ds miyC/k gksrs gSAa
x`lw= bue tUe ls ysdj 'e'kku rd laLdkjk dh O;k[;k gSA
JkSrlw= bue czk.kxzFa kk e of.kZr fo"k;&oLrq dk friknu rFkk vfXu }kjk
lEik|eku ;kxkfn vuq"Bkuk dk o.kZu gSA
'kqYclw= bue osnh ds fuekZ.kfofk dk oSKkfud friknu gSA
keZl=
w bue o.kkZJe keZ ds dkZO;k dk fu#i.k gSA

10

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

JkSrlw=%&
_Xosnh; JkSrlw= nks g & 1- vk'oyk;u vkSj 2- 'kk;uA bu JkSrlw=k e
iqjksuo
q kD;k] ;kT;k] rkr~ 'kkkk vkSj muds vuq"Bku dkjk dk mYYks[k djrs gq, muds
ns'kdky o dkkZ vkfn dk fokku] Loj vkSj k;f'pk vkfn kkur;k vfHkfgr gA
".k ;tqonZs ds vkB JkSrlw= g & bue 1- ckSkk;u] 2- vkiLrEc] 3- fgj.;ds'kh]
4- Hkkj}kt] 5- oS[kkul 6- okjkg rFkk 7- dkBd & ;s lkr JkSrlw= rSfkjh; 'kk[kk ds
g] vkSj 8- ekuo JkSrlw= eS=k;.kh;lafgrk dk gSA buds vykok ,d okkwy JkSrlw=
Hkh miyCk gksrk gSA
'kqDy ;tqon
Zs dk ek= ,d gh dkR;k;u JkSrlw= gSA ;g 'kqDy;qtosn
Z dh iUg
'kk[kkvk dk vfkr djds of.kZr gSA fo'ks"kr% ;g dk.o vkSj ek;fUnu 'kk[kh; gSA
lkeosn ds JkSrlw= g & 1- ykVk;u JkSrlw=] 2- kk;.k JkSrlw= 3e'kddYilw= vFkok vk"ks;
Z JkSrlw= vkSj 4- tSfeuh; JkSrlw=A
vFkoZon
s dk ,d gh oSrku JkSrlw= miyCk gksrk gSA fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;g
JkSrlw= ek= JkSrfo"k;k dk gh friknu u djds x`fo"k;k dk Hkh friknu djrk
gSA

xzlw= %&
_Xosn ds x`lw= &
1- vk'oyk;u x`lw= & ble x`deZ vkSj laLdkjk ds o.kZu ds lkFk&lkFk vU;=
vkIr kphu vkpk;ks ds uke Hkh fufnZ"V gA
2- 'kkk;u x`lw= & ble laLdkjk ds o.kZu ds lkFk&lkFk x`gfuekZ.k vkSj x`gos'k
vkfn dk Hkh o.kZu gSA ble jpf;rk lq;K gA rFkk
3- dkS"khrfd x`lw= & blds jpf;rk 'kkEHkO; gA xzUFkkjEHk fookg laLdkj ds o.kZu
ls gksrk gSA ble tkr f'k'kq ds vkjfEHkd laLdkj ds ckn miu;u&laLdkj dk o.kZu gSA
f"kdeks rFkk fir`es k Hk`fr laLdkjk dk Hkh o.kZu gSA
_Xosn ds vdkf'kr x`lw=k ds uke bl dkj miyCk gksrs g & 'kkSud

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

11

x`lw=] Hkkjoh; x`lw=] 'kkdY; x`lw=] iSfjl x`lw= rFkk ikjk'kj x`lw=A
'kqDy ;tqon
Zs ds dkR;k;u rFkk ikjLdj x`lw= miyCk gksrk gSA blds vykok
,d oStokix`lw= ekuk tkrk gS tks fd vuqiyCk gSA
".k ;tqon
Zs ds fuEu x`lw= miyCk gksrs g &
1- ckSkk;u x`lw= & ;g ".k ;tqon
Zs dh rSfkjh; 'kk[kk dk gS] eSljw ls dkf'kr
;g x`lw= ifjHkk"kk] x`'ks"k rFkk fir`es klw=k ds lkFk lefUor gSA ble pkj 'u gA
2-

Hkkj}kt x`lw= & ;g Hkkj}kt dYilw= dk va'k gSA ble rhu v;k; gA

3- vkiLrEc x`lw= & vkiLrEc dYilw= dk 27 ok 'u ;gh x`lw= gS] ftle
rhu 'u gA ;g x` eU=ikB ds x`k dk funs'Z k djrk gSA ;g x`lw= vkB iVyk e
foHk gS]
4- fgj.;ds'khx`lw= & bls lR;k"kk<x`lw= Hkh dgrs gA fgj.;dsf'kd& dYilw=
dk ;g 19 rFkk 20 'u:i gSA x` vuq"Bkuk ds eU= ble fo'kn:i eas fn;s x;s gA
5- oS[kkulx`lw= & rSfkjh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) ;g x`lw= vokUrjdkyhu ekuk
tkrk gSA vuq"Bkuk e ;kstuh; eU=k ds dsoy rhd ek= dk ble ms[k gSA
6- vfXuos';x`lw= & bl xzFa k ds jpf;rk vfXuos'k uked oSfnd vkpk;Z gA vU;
xzlw=k dh vis{kk bldk o.;Z&fo"k; furkUr fHkk gSA ble of.kZr ;frlaLdkj]
laU;klfofk] okuLFkfofk vkfn ds ij vokUrjdkyhu kkfeZd laLdkjk dk Hkko
nh[krk gSA
7- okjkgx`lw= & ;g x`lw= eS=k;.khlafgrk ds ea=k dk ms[k djrk gSA blds
vfkdka'k lw= ekuox` vkSj dkBdx` ds leku gh gA x`ksi;ksxh fo"k;&oLrq ds
vHkko e ;g vfkd egoiw.kZ ugha gSA
8- dkBdx`lw= & ;g ".k;tqon
Zs gh dB'kk[kk ls lEc) gS] bls x`iftdk Hkh
dgrs gA ble xHkkZkkukfn] x`'kkfUr] oS'onso] Jo.kkdeZ] QkYxquhdeZ] gksykdeZ vkfn
fo"k; frikfnr gA
9-

ekuox`lw= & ;g ".k;tqon

Zs gh eS=k;.kh 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA ble miu;u]

12

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

lU;k] fookg ,oa xHkkZkkukfn] nh{kk] fuR;gkse] LFkkyhikd] vkxzgk;.kh] uokk] x`gos'k]
oS'onso vkfn deZ frikfnr gA
lkeosn ds pkj x`lw= miyCk gksrs g &
1- xksfHkyx`lw= & ;g lkeosn dh dkSFkqe 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA ble vXU;k& kku]
oS'onso] LFkkyhikd] fookg] prqFkhZdeZ] xHkkZkku ls miu;u] mikdeZ] xksikyufofk]
Jo.kkdeZ] vk'o;qth] uokkk'ku] dkE;deZ] okLrq;K vkSj ekqidZ vkfn dk o.kZu
gSA
2- [kkfnj x`lw= & ;g lkeosn dh jk.kk;uh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA ;g xksfHkyx`lw=
ds leku gh gSA ble fookg vkfn] fuR;gkse] oS'onso] LFkkyhikd] vk'o;qth] vkxzgk;.kh
vkfn deks dk fokku gSA
3- kk;.k x`lw= & ;g lkeosn dh jk.kk;uh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA bleas ifjHkk"kk]
ikd;K] fookg] xHkkZkku] miu;u] mikdeZ] ekqidZ vkfn fo"k; gA
4- tSfeuh; x`lw= & ;g lkeosn dh tSfeuh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA bleas ikd;K]
iql
a ou ls miu;u rd ds deZ] fookgksikdeZ] fuR;gkse] lU;k] oS'onso vkfn fo"k;k
dk friknu gSA
vFkoZon
s dk ,dek= dkSf'kd x`lw= miyCk gksrk gSA ble kphu Hkkjrh;
tknqfo|k dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA bl fo|k dh vuqie lkexzh bl xzUFk e ladfyr gSA
blds vfrfj ble oS|d'kkk dh Hkh vqr tkudkjh feyrh gSA vkS"kkk ds fy;s ;g
v{k; fufk gSA

keZlw=k

e xkSrekeZlw=] vkiLrEckeZlw=] ckskk;ukeZlw=] fgj.;&

dsf'kkeZl=
w ] ofl"BkeZl=
w ] fo".kqkeZl=
w ] gkjhrkeZl=
w ,oa 'kkeZl=
w miyCk gksrs
gA budk eq[;fo"k; vkJek rFkk o.kks ds dkZO;] O;f ds vkpj.k ds fu;e]
k;fpr] jktk ds dkZO;] vijkk vkSj n.M dk fokku] kh ds dkZO; vkfn gA

'kqYclw=

& ;g osfn;k rFkk fpfr;k ds ekiu rFkk fuekZ.k dh oSKkfud fofk

of.kZr gSA vktdy vkB 'kqYclw= miyCk gksrs g ckskk;u] vkiLrEc] lR;k"kk<

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

13

vFkok fgj.;ds'kh] ekuo] eS=k;.kh;] okjkg] okkwy vkSj dkR;k;uA bue ls Fke
lkr 'kqYclw= ".k;tqon
Zs ds gS rFkk vkBok 'kqDy;tqon
Zs dk gSA bue xf.kr vkSj
T;kfefr ds foy{k.k foKku dk o.kZu gSA vktdy Hkwy ls yksx T;kfefr e ftls
iSFkkxksjl dk fl)kUr dgrs g mldk friknu iSFkkxksjl ls Hkh vfr kphudky e
fyf[kr bu xzUFkk e feyrk gSA vr% gekjh kphu xzUFk lEink vkkqfud ;qx dh lHkh
miyfCk;k dk ewy fy;s gq, gSA
okZeku dky e dYik e pkjk lw= dsoy ckskk;u vkSj vkiLrEc ds gh miyCk
gksrs gA vU; ds 2&3 lw= gh miyCk gks ikrs gA

okYehfd jkek;.k rFkk egkHkkjr & ;g nksuk bfrgkl xzUFk gS rFkk bue
vPNs yksxk rFkk nq"V tuk ds y{k.k gA
y{k.k xzUFk % bue kfr'kk[; vkSj vuqe.kh xzUFk vkrs gA kfr'kk[;k dk
eq[; fo"k; inikB vkSj eikB ds fu;e n'kkZuk gSA rFkk vuqe.kh xzUFkk e osnk vkSj
mudh 'kk[kkvk ds ea=k ds _f"k] nsork vkSj NUnk dk ifjp; gksrk gSA
kfr'kk[; xzUFkk e fuEu kfr'kk[; miyCk gksrs g &
1'kkSudks _Dkfr'kk[;] 2- dkR;k;uks 'kqDy;tq%kfr'kk[;] 3".k;tqon
Zs h; rSfkjh;kfr'kk[;] 4- lkeosnh; kfr'kk[; iq"ilw=] 5- _DrU=e~
6- vFkoZon
s h; kfr'kk[; rFkk 7- 'kkSudh;k prqj;kf;dkA
vuqe.kh xzUFkk e fuEu xzUFk g &

'kkSudkpk;Z us _Xosn dh fuEu nl vuqef.k;ka cukbZ Fkh &

1- vk"kkZu
q e.kh] 2- nsorkuqe.kh] 3- NUnksu
q e.kh] 4-vuqokdkuqe.kh] 5- iknfokku]
6- c`gsork] 7- lwkuqe.kh] 8- _fXokku] 9- _Dkfr'kk[; vkSj 10- Le`frA
buds vykok dkR;k;ur dh lokZu
q e.kh miyCk gksrh gSA blds vfrfj odVekko
dh _Xosnkuqe.kh Hkh miyCk gksrh gSA
'kqDy;tqon
Zs dh dkR;k;ur lokZu
q e.kh miyCk gksrh gS vkSj ".k ;tqon
Zs
dh rSfkjh; 'kk[kk dh ;kLdr vuqe.kh Fkh tks fd miyCk ugha gksrhA

14

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

lkeosn dh uSx;
s 'kk[kk dh _";uqe.kh vkSj nsorkuqe.kh miyCk gksrs gA
vFkoZon
s dh c`gRlokZu
q e.kh miyCk gksrh gSA
bu xzUFkk e Hkh tks opu O;kdj.k] osn rFkk f'k"Vkpkj ds fo#) gk og vlR;
gS rFkk mudk ek.k ugha djuk pkfg;sA
osnk ij Hkh miyCk Hkk";k e lk;.kkfn r Hkk"; ek= ;K f;k ijd gksu]s
fu# ,oa O;kdj.k ds fu;e ls fo#) gksu]s osnk e bfrgkl ,oa v'yhyrk nks"k ijd
gksu]s osnk dh vUr%lk{kh ,oa ewy fl)kUrk ls foijhr gksus rFkk Hkk";k e vUrfoZjksk
gksus ls ekf.kd ugha ekus tk ldrsA oLrqr% osn vkfnl`f"V e ijekRek }kjk thok ds
dY;k.k gsrq fn;k x;k Kku gksus ls] ble fdlh dkj dk bfrgkl lEHko gh ugha gSA
egf"kZ n;kuUn dk osnHkk"; mi;q
Z nks"kk ls jfgr gSA
mi;q
Z fo"k;k ij bu 'kkkk ls vU; xzUFk _f"kr u gksdj euq";r gksus ls
ek.k dksfV e ugha vkrs rFkk mue fofHkk dkj ds vlR; ,oa feF;kHkk"k.k Hkjs gA
mi;Z
q _f"k;k ds xzFa kk dks NksMd
+ j euq";k r xzFa k fofHkUu nks"kk ls ;q g tSls &
ik"kk.k vkfn e nsork dh cqf) Hkkouk j[k dj mudh iwtk djuk] 'kSo] 'kk]
oS".ko] xk.kiR; rFkk okeekxZ vkfn lEnk; dYiuk] Hkkax vkfn u'kk dk ;ksx]
ijkhxeu vkfn O;fHkpkj dk vuqeksnu] pksjh djuk] Ny] vfHkeku] feF;kHkk"k.k
vkfn nks"k;q gksus ls R;kT; gA
ijUrq buls foijhr tks lR; g og gh xzg.k djus ;ksX; gS &
1-

mi;q
Z osnkuqdy
xzFa k _f"kr gS vr% kekf.kd gA

2-

czp;Z vkJe e xq# dh lsok] vius keZ ds vuq"Bku ds vuqlkj osnk dk i<+ukA

3- osnks o.kkZJe ds vuqlkj vius vius keZ lU;k] mikluk] vfXugks= vkfn dk
vuq"BkuA
4- 'kkk ds vuqlkj viuh kh ls laca k vkSj iapegk;Kk dk vuq"Bku] _rqdky e
viuh kh ls xeu djuk] Jqfr vkSj Le`fr ds vuqlkj pkypyu j[kukA
5- ne] ri'pj.k] ;e vkfn ls ysdj lekfk rd mikluk vkSj lRlaxiwod
Z okuLFkkJe
dk vuq"Bku djukA

oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

15

6- fopkj] foosd] oSjkX;] ijkfo|k dk vH;kl vkSj lU;klxzg.k djds lc deks ds

Qy dh bPNk u djukA
7- Kku vkSj foKku ls leLr vuFkZ ls mRik gksus okys tUe] ej.k] g"kZ] 'kksd] dke]
ksk] yksHk] eksg] laxnks"k ds R;kxus dk vuq"Bku djukA
8- vfo|k] vfLerk] jkx] }s"k] vfHkfuos'k] re] jt] lRo lc Dys'kk dh fuo`fk]
iapegkHkwrk ls vrhr gksdj eks{kLo:i vkSj ijcz ds vkuUn dks kIr djuk pkfg;sA
bu vkB dkj ds lR;k dks xzg.k djuk pkfg;sA