Интернет магазин

. .
,
,
--
2014
- www.phoenixbooks.ru
51(075)
22.173
11
13
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13
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, / . ..
/ : , 2014. 376, .: . (
).
ISN 978-5-222-22702-2
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ISN 978-5-222-22702-2
51(075)
22.173
.., 2014
: , 2014

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1.
f ( x, y ) = 0,
x y, L , :
1) L
; 2) ,
L, .
x
y, ..
Ax + By + C = 0,
A, B, C , A B
(A2+B20),
.
.
A = 0, .. x,
, x: By + C = 0.
= 0, .. y,
, Oy: Ax + C = 0.
C = 0, ,
: Ax + By = 0.
2.
,
,
y = kx + b.

.
k ,
x (. 1), k = tg .
.
b
y.

b
,
. b = 0,

.
b > 0,
,
b<0, .
y = kx + b
. 1
3. .

(.2),
y= k1x + b1 y=k2x + b2,
tg =
k 2 k1
1 + k1 k 2
L2
L1
a
j2
j1
j1
j2
. 2
1. ,

,
.
, ,
.
,
.
. : y = 2x 5,
y=3x + 7.
. : k1=2,
k2=3.
tg =
3 2
= 1, a = 45.
1 + 2(3)
, y = 2x 5,
a = 45,
y= 3x + 7.
y = 3x +7 ,
y=2x5 , k1 = 3, k2= 2,
tg =
2+3
= 1, a = 180 45 = 135.
1 + 2(3)
, y = 3x +7,

a =135, y = 2x 5.
,
a= 45, a = 135. ,
.

.
,
: k1= k2.
: 1 + k1k2 = 0 k2 =
1
.
k1
2.
,
.
, . . k1 = 0,
1
, tg = .
k2
, .. k2 = 0,
,
1
tg = .
k1
,
, .
3. , ,
A1x + B1y + C1 = 0, A2x + B2y +
+ C2 = 0,
A B A2 B1
.
: tg = 1 2
A1 A2 + B1 B2
,
: A1 : A2 = B1 : B2.
: A1A2 + B1B2 = 0.
4.

a b (. 3),
x y
+ = 1 ,
a b
.
a, b ,
. , ,
, , a < 0.
,
.
y
M1(0, b)
b
M2(a, 0)
0
. 3
5. ,

,
M1(x1; y1) M2(x2; y2),
x x1
y y1
.
=
x2 x1 y2 y1
. ,
A(1; 3) B(2; 5).
. ,
.
x x1
y y1
x 1 y 3
,
=
=
x2 x1 y2 y1
2 1 5 3
x 1 y 3
,
=
1
2
2(x 1) = y 3, 2x 2 = y 3, 2x y + 1 = 0.
.
10
6. ,
() .

, M(x 0; y 0)
y = kx + b,
y y0 = k(x x0).
, M(x0; y0)
y = kx + b,
1
y y0 = ( x x0 ) .
k
. y y0 = k(x x0), M(x0; y0)
, k < ( )
, ,
M(x0; y0) ( ,
).
. k ,
M(x0; y0) .
k .
, y + 5 = k(x 3)
M(5; 3). k = 7
y + 5 = 7(x 3),
y=7x 26.
7.
M 0(x 0; y 0)
Ax+By+ C = 0
d=
Ax0 + By0 + C
A02 + B02
. (7; 2)
2x y + 1 = 0.
.
11
d=
Ax0 + By0 + C
2
0
2
0
A +B
d =
2 7 1 2 + 1
2
2 +1
13
5
13 5
.
5
8. ()
Ax + By + C = 0,
A, B ,
x, y.
.
Ax2+Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0,
A, B, C ,
. ,
,
.
.
( , ), ,
(, ).
9.
,
F1 F2,
, ( 2a),
.
F1(c; 0)
F2(c;0) Ox
(. 4),
x2 y 2
+
= 1.
a 2 b2
.
a b , ,
,
a2 = b2 + c2.
12
.
y
M
a
F2
F1
. 4
.
F1F2 O .
(a,0),
(a, 0), (0, b), (0, b) .
, ..
e = c/a, .
, c < a.
:
, .
,
.
, ,
x = a/e x = a/e,
.
10.
,
, .

(x x0)2 + (y y0)2 = R2,
C(x0; y0) , R .
13
,
,
x2 + y2 = R2.
.
a = b. c = 0, .. F1 F2
, C(x0; y0).
.
11.
,

F1 F2, ,
( 2a), .
,
Ox
F1(c; 0) F2(c;0) (. 5),
:
x2 y 2
= 1,
a 2 b2
b2 = c2 a2. a
, b ( Oy
).
y
M
b
a
F2
F1
. 5
14
y =
b
b
x y = x
a
a
.
:

.
12.

, F,
, , .

p
p
Oy x = , F ; 0 , p > 0
2
2
(. 6),
:
y2 = 2px.
y
M
p
2
. 6
15

Ox, . p < 0
.
. x2 = 2py ,
Oy,
p > 0 p < 0.
13.

Ax2 + 2Bxy + Cy2 + 2Dx + 2Ey + F = 0,
A, B , C .
A B
, ,
d =
B C
:
A B
1) d =
=AC B2 > 0,
B C
(,
,
);
A B
=AC B2 < 0,
2) d =
B C
(
);
A B
3) d =
= AC B = 0,
B C
(
, ).
, 6x2 + 4xy + 3y2 10x + 4y 5 = 0
,

126. . .

a1,
a2,..., an, ... . a1 + a2 + + an + = an

n =1
, a1, a2, a3, ...

, an .
.
n Sn = a1 + a2 + ... + an
n-
n- .

S = lim S n , ,
n
. lim S n
n
, .
, ,
,
1 1 1 1
1
+ + + + + n 1 + ,
2 4 8 16
2
, S = 2. ,
1 1
1
1
, 1 + + + + + =
2 3
n
n =1 n
1+
.
n a1 + a2+ ...+
+ an + ..., an+1 + an+2 + ... ,
( ) .
an+1 + an+2 + ... = Rn
217
n-
a1 + a2+ ... + an + ... .
, :
S = Sn + Rn.

.

1. , ,

.
2.
,
.
3. ,
, a1 + a2 + a3 + ... = S1, b1 + b2 + b3 + ... = S2,
(a1 + b1) + (a2 + b2) + (a3 + b3) + ... = S1 + S2.
. a1 + a2+
+ ...+ an + ... ,
lim an = 0.
.
lim an 0, .
. ,
. . lim an = 0 ,
n
, ,
(, , ).
218
127.

.
.

n =1
n =1
a1 + a2 + + an + = an , b1 + b2 + + bn + = bn ,
, n = n0,
0 an bn. :

1)
n=1
a ;
n
n=1
2)

n=1
b
n=1
a
n=1
b
n=1

a
lim n = k > 0 (. . an ~ kbn n ),
n b
n
.
.
, ,
. .

......................................................................... 3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
....... 5
....... 5
.

................................... 6
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,
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,
()
. .......................................... 10
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() . . 11
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................................................. 23
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................................. 26
.
............................................... 27
368
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

.................................................. 28
.
................................................................... 28
.
.............................. 29
,
.
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. ... 30
.
...... 31
...................... 31

........................... 32
.
()
.................................................................. 33
................ 34
...................... 35

........................... 35

. .................. 36
.

. ................ 38
..................... 38

.
............... 39
.
................................................................ 40
......................... 41
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
369
.

................................................. 42

................ 43
............................. 43
,

( )................. 44
,
.................. 44
............... 44
......................... 45
()
........... 45
,
................................ 46
......................... 47
,
.................. 48

........................................................ 48
,
...................................................... 49
.. 50
. ......... 51
............................... 52
,
..................... 52
............................................................... 54
................................ 55
................................... 56
........................................... 57
................................... 59
370
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
................................ 60
.............. 61
. ......................................... 63
: ,
, .......... 64
........................ 67

........................................................... 67
................................................... 69
.......................................................... 72
............................. 75

.
................................................................... 77

.................................. 79

( )
.............................................. 82
. .

74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
................................... 88
..................................................... 88
.
..................................................... 89

.
............................................. 91
... 92
............................... 93
371
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
.

.................................................................. 95
......102
................102
. e ...................104
.
, ............106
. ....109
.
, ......111

87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
...........................................112
.......................113

( ).
....................................114
.
.......118
..........................119
..........................120
,
.....................................................120
,
.......................................................122

.............................................123
.
.
...............126
372
97.

..............................129
98.
.
...................130
99.
......................135
100. ................................................135
101. , .......................136
102. .................................................138
103. .
.........142
104. .
.....................147
105. ...........................................148
106. ...152
107. .
......................................................153
108. .............................................................155
109. ........159
110. .....................162

111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
.
, . ........166
......................169
...................................170
.........................173
............175

.................................................................183
........188
.
.........191
373
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.

..............................................................194

(
).............................................................196

(
) ...............................................................199

......200

: , ,
, .......202
.

: ,
, ,
, .......................205

..............................................................209
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
. .
.....................216

..................................218
. ......221
.........................................223
.
. .......225
.
...................................................230
374
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.

...................................234

.............................237
...............................................239
.................241
...................................................245
............................................................246
.
,
...............................248
....................................................250

140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
.......................254

.....................................................255

. ....................257

........................................261

............................................................263
.............................................267
.
.................................................268

........................................................271
.
................................................................272
..........................274
375
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
.

.......................................280
..................................................284
.

...288
......290

( )........................................................296

( )........................................................298

.

......................................................302
.......................................................305
............305

( )..................................307

( )........................................................311
.............317
.
..........................................319

163.
164.

. .........................323

.........................325
376
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.

. ,
........................................................328

....................................331

, .................334
...............................336

, ..................337
,
.......................338

................................342

,
. ..................345
.......349

. ................351
.............354

.............................361

.........................................365
,
,

..
..
27.02.14.
70100/32. . 2.
. . . . 15,48
2500. .

344082, . --, . , 80
./: (863) 261-89-50, 261-89-75
: www.phoenixrostov.ru
-: www.phoenixbooks.ru

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. .

a2,..., an, ... . a1 + a2 + + an + = an

, a1, a2, a3, ...

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