3

GSM

 3 GSM

3 GSM
3.1.
(time slot - TS) TDMA
. GSM 8
.
,
.

3.1.
.
, . ,
, .

,
.
,
, TCH (Traffic
CHannel).

85

 GSM

- BSC ,
,
FACCH (Fast Associated Control Channel).
3.1.1.
GSM ,
/ MS.
, MS
(burst). .
3.2.

. 3.2
3.1.1.1 (Control Channels)
,
.
, (
BCH CCCH).
BCCH .
BCCH MS .
, ,
86

 3 GSM

(LA), .. MS
.
,
MS, .
Broadcast Channel (BCH) .
, MS BCH,
,
. , MS
( - roaming),
, FCCH, SCH,
BCCH.
MS,
Common Control
CHannels (CCCH)
3.1 BCH.
Broadcast Channels (BCH) -

BTS
MS

Downlink
FCCH
BCCH
BTS MS, .
,

(Frequency Point-to.
multipoint
Correction Channel)

Downlink
SCH

BTS MS,

Point-to

TDMA

multipoint
(Synchronization
(
)
,
Channel)

BTS
(Base Station Identity GSM

Code - BSIC).
BSIC
MS.
Downlink
BCCH
,
BTS MS, :

-
Point-to ,
multipoint

GSM
(LAI);
(Broadcast Control
IDLE.
-
Channel)

;
-

;
-

BCCH
..
87

 GSM

3.2 CCCH.
Common Control Channel (CCCH)

BTS

Downlink,
PCH
,

BTS MS,
MS
MS

Point-to-point
(Paging Channel)

SMS.
IMSI
TMSI
,

.
Uplink,

RACH
MS

MS BTS,
Point-to-point

(Random
Access
Channel)
AGCH
Downlink,

BTS MS,

MS.
Point-to-point SDCCH

(Access
Grant
.
Channel)

MS
MS PCH

(IMSI/TMSI),
.

,
..)

SDCCH.
.

MS BSS
. MS BSS DCCH (Dedicated Control channel).
3.3 DCCH.
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

SDCCH

(Stand
alone (Uplink,
Dedicated
Control Downlink),
Point-to-point
Channel)

BTS
SDCCH,

BSC
TCH.
SDCCH

SMS,
MS
IDLE.
Downlink,
CBCH

BTS MS,

Point-to (SMS)
SMS multipoint
(Cell Broadcast
MS,

.
Channel)
88

MS
SDCCH,

.
MS

TCH
( ).
SDCCH

SMS,
MS
IDLE.
MS

).

 3 GSM
SACCH

(Slow
Associated
Control Channel)

(Uplink,
Downlink),
Point-to-point

FACCH


(Fast
Associated
Control
Channel)

(Uplink,
Downlink),
Point-to-point

(
). BSC

MS

TA,

(
,

MS),

(
SMS,
Call
Waiting ..)

.
MS


BUSY (
SMS, Hold ..)

3.1.1.2

, MS ,
. TCH (Traffic Channel).
TCH:
- (Full Rate TCH):
13 /. TCH
.
- (Half Rate TCH):
5.6 /. HRTCH
,
.
3.1.2. (Bursts)
TDMA
,

(bursts):

89

 GSM

3.4

:
- 57 ,
BCCH,
Normal Burst
.
PCH,
-
(26
AGCH,
).
SDCCH,
- (Steal
CBCH,
flags) 1 ,
SACCH,
,
FACCH,
FACCH 57 .
TCH
- (Tail bits)
( 000)
- (Guard period)
8.25 .
- 142 .

FCCH
Frequency
- .
Correction Burst MS

- : 8.25 .

- 39

SCH
Synchronization
TDMA.

Burst
- 64 .
MS

- .

- : 8.25 .
,
-

Dummy Burst

,

TS


.

C0 (1-7)

.
- 41 .

RACH,
Access Burst
- 36

FACCH
(Random Reference).

- .
- (GP): 68.25 .
GP - ,

.

NB (Normal Burst)
NB
, RACH, FCCH, SCH
FACCH. 114
(GP) 8,25 30,46 .
90

 3 GSM

114
57 , 26
1 .
NB (Steeling Flag),
, :
.
(Traffic Channel)
, .
NB
26 ,
. :
-
.
RXQUAL,
. , ,
,
. RXQUAL
(, );
-
NB
;
-
.
,
.

,
.
FCB (Frequency Correction Burst)
FCB .
142 - ,
1625/24
.
(200 ),
0,022% 900
. FCB 8,25 ,
. (FCB)
(FCCH).
91

 GSM

SB (Synchronization Burst)
SB
. 64 ,
TDMA
. .

(SCH).
DB (Dummy Burst)
DB .
DB NB (. 3.3)
26 . DB ,
. DB ,
.
AB (Access Burst)

. .
, ,
.
.
8 , (41 ),
36 .
(68,25 , 252 ),
( )
.


. GSM
35 .
233,3 .

92

 3 GSM

3.1.2.1.

. 3.3.

93

 GSM

3.2.
,
.
mapping.
,
,
1 TS.

TDMA.
,
,
.
. 3.4. , DCCH
- .

. 3.4.
3.2.1. 0, 0

. , MS ,
BCCH, , .
BTS MS (downlink)
BCH CCCH. ,
MS BTS (uplink), RACH.
RACH , MS
.

94

 3 GSM

F S B B B B C0 C0 C0 C0 F S C1 C1 C1 C1 C2 C2 C2 C2

14

19

F S C3 C3 C3 C3 C4 C4 C4 C4 F S C5 C5 C5 C5 C6 C6 C6 C6

20

24

29

34

39

F S C7 C7 C7 C7 C8 C8 C8 C8 I
40

44

49

. 3.5 , 0.
3.2.2.
3.4 (1)
. ,
TS
.
8 SDCCH 4 SACCH
, 8-
(
, SMS ..).

D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2 D3 D3 D3 D3 D4 D4 D4 D4
0

14

19

D5 D5 D5 D5 D6 D6 D6 D6 D7 D7 D7 D7 A0 A0 A0 A0 A1 A1 A1 A1

20

24

29

34

A2 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 A3 I I I
40

44

49

. 3.6 SDCCH SACCH.

95

39

 GSM

,
. ,
, (
).
,
0
0 /
: BCH, CCCH DCCH. ,
7 .
, ,
, .
TCH.
MS
, , .
SACCH, TCH.

. 3.7 .

96

 3 GSM

3.3. MS
. 3.5 MS
.

. 3.8. MS
1. MSC/VLR , LA MS.
/ BSC, /
LA.
2. BSC
LA. ,
PCH.
3. MS PCH,
RACH.

4. BSC AGCH MS ,
SDCCH SACCH ,
.
5. SDCCH SACCH . BSC
, SDCCH .
6. MS BTS TCH

. ,
.
, MS SACCH.

97