9

() 7

 GSM

9 7.
,
.

(),
.

.

,
.
.
( )
:
, ;
(,
);
,
/ ).

(,

:
(Access Signalling),
;

158

(Trunk

Signalling),

 9 7

. 9.1. .

159

 GSM

9.1. .

: PSTN, ISDN
GSM.
9.1.1.

( , ).
:
(Decadic)
/ .
(DTMF Dual Tone Multi
Frequency) 1 4 1
4 ( 2 8).

(: , ,
..).
9.1.2.

Digital Signalling System 1 (DSS1).
ISDN
(OSI).

160

 9 7

9.2. .

.
:

(Channel Associated Signalling CAS).

( : , ..),
(, )
.
(Common Channel Signalling
CCS).
.
9.2.1. Channel Associated Signalling.

1 .
.
16 ,
.
,
,
. :


-

..

..
. 9.2. .

.

161

 GSM

. 9.3. .
2 ,
CCITT R1 R2,
R1,5.
9.2.2. Common Channel Signalling
,
, (
).

. ,
( 30).
1968 ,
6.
7.
7 1980 .

. 7
(, ,
).

162

 9 7

9.3. OSI ().

7
.
.
ISO (International Standardization
Organization) 1977.

.
.
7 ,
7-.

. 9.4.
(Physical Layer)

.

.
(Data Link Layer)
(
).
. /
163

 GSM

, (,
).
(Network Layer)

. ,
, .

(),
.
(Transport Layer)

.
,
.
(Session Layer)

( , ..).
,
.
(Presentation Layer)
,
, .
.
(Application Layer)
,
. : ,
, ..

164

 9 7

9.4. 7
, 7
(ITU-T).
,
, .
9.4.1. .
. 9.5 7.

. 9.5. .
Signalling Point (SP) () .
(MSC, BSC ..) SP (Signalling Point Code),
SP.
SP Originating Point (OP),
Destination Point (DP).
Signalling Transfer Point (STP) . STP
, SP.
2-102 STP, ..
2-100 2-101, 2-101.
SP Network Indicator (NI),
:
0 ;
1 ;
165

 GSM

2 () ;
3 ( );
SPC (SP Code), .
SPC 14 ,
:

( 0 16383);
7 + 7 ;
4 + 4 + 6;
..

.
Signalling Link (SL) ,
, .. 64 /. SP
, .
Link Set (LS) () . LS
16 SL.
Signalling Route (Destination) ,
Destination Point. , 2-100
2-101, LS=2-102 LS=2-101.
Signal Unit (SU) () .
3 SU:
MSU Message Signal Unit ( );
LSSU Link Status Signal Unit (
);
FISU Fill-In Signal Unit ( ).

166

 9 7

9.4.2. 7
7 ,
4 :

. 9.6. 7
:
Message Transfer Part (MTP) ;
User Parts (UP) .
:
-1 (Signalling Data Link).
, .. ,
(64 /).
-2 (Signalling Link).
SP.
.
167

 GSM

-3 (Signalling Network).
.

.

. 9.7. 7.
TUP (Telephony User Part) ,
.
ISUP-, .. ISDN.
ISUP (ISDN User Part) ISDN.
,
ISDN.
SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part)
.

( NI ). SCCP
:
Connection Oriented (CO), .. ,
.
ConnectionLess (CL), ..
.

168

 9 7

TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part) ,

( )
CL.
BSSAP (Base Station Subsystem Application Part) ,

GSM.
MAP (Mobile Application Part) ,
GSM, HLR, VLR ..
.
CAP (CAMEL Application Part)
(MIN).
INAP (Intelligent Network Application Part)

(IN).
OMAP (Operation & Maintenance Application Part)
.

169

 GSM

. 9.8. .

170