GSM
11 -
11.1 : MS IDLE
11.1 MS IDLE
1. , IMSI (IMSI attach)
2. (Location update)
3. LA
4. MSC/VLR
5.
MSC/VLR
6. , - .
7. (IMSI detach)
8. (
MS) (Implicit detach)
11.1.1 MS
11.1.1.1
MS Idle,
BCCH
. , .
178
11
MS Idle BCCH
Camp on .
Cell Selection.
Camp on MS
. MS
RACH .
( IDLE) MS 4
, :
(Cell Selection)
(Cell Reselection)
(Location update).
Location Update:
Periodic registration ( );
MS .
IMSI detach.
IMSI Attach/Detach
IMSI attach/detach
, /.
MS, MSC/VLR IMSI attach.
MS MSC/VLR IMSI detach.
VLR , MS.
MS, ,
.
(Normal Location Update)
MS , ,
(Location Area). MS
, BCCH
, LAI LAI,
SIM- MS. , Normal
Location Update SIM LAI.
179
GSM
(Periodic Registration)
MS
Paging. ,
,
.
MS BCCH,
,
.
T3212 BSC.
Implicit detach
MS
MSC detached (implicit detach).
BSC MSC,
MS MSC.
, MS Implicit
Detached. MSC , BSC.
Purging in VLR
Detached
( ), VLR.
MS Purging. VLR HLR
, MSC/VLR Location HLR
MS Purged from VLR.
180
11
. 7.3 IDLE
11.1.1.2 PLMN
MS GSM
PLMN. MS . MS
,
PLMN (registered PLMN).
MS . , MS
PLMN ,
. ,
.
181
GSM
PLMN, SIM- ,
. MS PLMN. PLMN
, MS .
, , -
PLMN.
(location update).
MS
. , MS
PLMN ,
1 ( ).
MS ,
. , MS
, , MS
,
.
PLMN, ,
. ,
MS, .
11.1.1.3 (Cell Selection)
.
:
Stored list selection. , BCCH
BA (BCCH Allocation list).
MS,
MS
.
Normal cell selection. .
, BA .
182
11
. 7.4
:
PLMN.
183
GSM
(Cell barred).
, MS ,
MS Busy ( ),
;
.
LA,
.
MS IDLE
1. 1>0.
:
C1 = A B B > 0
C1 = A 0 B < 0,
A = RXLEV ACCMIN
B = CCHPWR P
7.1
RXLEV
ACCMIN
CCHPWR
P
MS BTS (downlink).
MS, MS
(downlink). .
, MS,
(uplink). .
MS ( )
dBm.
184
11
185
GSM
11.1.2
11.1.2.1 (Cell Reselection)
(Cell reselection measurements)
, , MS
.
MS BCCH
.
BA . , , 5
.
.
, , BCCH,
30 . , MS
TDMA , 5
, BCCH.
, .
,
. , , , ,
, BA .
MS BSIC ,
( 30 )
, .
BSIC :
BSIC=NCC+BCC
NCC - Network Color Code ( );
BCC - Base Station Color Code ( ).
BSIC, MS
, BCCH .
NCC,
.
(Cell reselection criteria)
.
,
186
11
, .
CRO, TO, PT, BCCH .
2.
2.
2 :
C 2 = C1 + CRO TO * H ( PT T ) PT 31
C 2 = C1 CRO
PT = 31 ,
0 x < 0
H ( x) =
.
1 x 0
CRO, TO PT BSC
.
CRO Cell Reselection Offset , [dB];
TO Temporary Offset. , [dB];
PT Penalty Time. .
T [];
2 ,
GSM 2.
MS Idle C1, C2
.
, MS .
, MS :
.
MS , downlink
( ).
1 (1<0)
5 , ,
MS .
2
5 ;
MS
( ).
187
GSM
11.1.2.2 LA
MS . MS
LA, .
, LA,
BCCH . BCCH LAI .
MS LAI , SIM. LAI
, ,
.
11.1.2.3 MSC/VLR
MS LAI
, BCCH, .
MS , MSC/VLR
, VLR,
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR.
11.3 MSC/VLR
1. MS BCCH , LAI.
LAI . LAI ,
.
2.
SDCCH
MS
3. , MS
.
4. LU
.
188
11
11.1.2.3
MSC/VLR
(LU) , MS
LA. ,
LA MSC/VLR. VLR
LU, :
11.4 ,
MSC/VLR
1. .
, VLR , ,
.
2. VLR MS, HLR
VLR.
3. HLR VLR,
VLR
MS ( MSC/VLR).
4. VLR MS, LAI
IDLE MS.
MS .
11.1.2.4
.
, ( ).
189
GSM
11.2 : MS
Busy.
MS Busy ,
, (,
) ( ).
. 11.5 Busy.
1. MS ( : , ,
SMS).
2. MS ( : , ,
, SMS).
3. BSC
4. BSC MSC
5. MSC
11.2.1 (MS PSTN)
, MS .
.
190
11
. 11.6 MS
.
1. MS RACH
.
2. BSC
AGCH. , AGCH
.
3. MS SDCCH MSC/VLR
. ,
,
SDCCH. :
a. .
b. .
c. .
d. - (
).
4. MSC/VLR
(/). MSC/VLR
BSC/TRC TCH. BTS MS
TCH.
5. MSC/VLR - PSTN
.
6. .
191
GSM
11
3. HLR :
a. MSISDN IMSI,
b. ,
(CFU),
. CFU ,
HLR GMSC .
c. , HLR ,
MSC/VLR MS .
4. HLR MSRN MSC/VLR.
5. MSC/VLR MSRN IMSI
HLR GMSC.
6. GMSC MSRN MSC/VLR.
, MSC/VLR
MSRN.
7. MSC/VLR , LA
MS. BSC,
LA.
8. BSC BTS ,
LA. BTS
, .
IMSI TMSI,
MSC/VLR.
9. MS ,
,
.
10. BSC SDCCH, AGCH ( AGCH
SDCCH, MS).
11. SDCCH
(, ,
..).
TCH, MS .
12. . ,
.
11.2.3 (Handover)
GSM
. BSC
, MS BTS. MS
,
( Mobile Assisted HandOver).
193
GSM
11.2.3.1 Locating
MS
.
downlink, MS .
BTS BSC SACCH
( 480 ). BTS,
MS, .
. 11.8 BSC
BTS MS
(Measurement Reports). , BSC
.
locating.
()
(, ).
,
.
,
.
( BTS),
(Urgent).
MS , MS
( ).
, . MS
LA, LU
.
194
11
. MS
, .
:
;
, BSC;
, BSC,
MSC/VLR;
MSC.
.
11.2.3.2
, BSC ,
( ),
, ,
. BSC
, , MS
.
11.2.3.3 ,
BSC
MSC/VLR . MSC/VLR
.
LA,
.
195
GSM
11.9 , BSC
1. BCS
BTS TCH.
2. BSC BTS MS ,
(TS)
, .
MS FACCH.
3. MS Access Burst
.
, MS .
4. BTS
Access Burst,
FACCH.
5. MS
BSC BTS.
6. BSC BTS
.
196
11
11.2.3.4 , BSC,
MSC/VLR
BSC,
BSC MSC/VLR.
GSM
11.2.3.5 , MSC
, MSC,
LMN. , MSC/VLR,
, BSC.
11.11 MSC/VLR
1. ()
BSC
MSC (MSC-A)
.
2. MSC-A , MSC (MSCB) .
3. MSC-B IMSI (MS
Handover Number1),
.
BSC.
4. BSC BTS
.
5. MSC-B
MSC-A .
6. MSC-B MSC-A.
7. BSC, MSC-A,
MS BTS.
8. MS Access
Burst.
1
11
9. BTS ,
.
10. MS
MSC-A MSC-B BSC.
11. MSC-A BSC
MSC-B.
12. BSC,
( . 11.11 ).
MSC (MSC-A) ,
. ,
,
.
MS
, LA MSC.
HLR VLR-B , VLR-B,
, VLR-A
.
199
GSM
11.3 .
GSM
, . ,
,
,
, 7
( , ).
.
,
. , , ,
.
11.3.1 IMSI Attach .
MS
, :
1. MS GSM
.
. MS
,
.
.
2. MS
PLMN, SIM.
,
. , MS,
, MS .
3. MS ,
,
. MS ,
IMSI (IMSI Attach).
4. MS (
). , HLR
.
11.3.2 MS
MS
, , MS
200
11
. , GMSC HLR
, MSC/VLR .
11.3.3 .
,
(
) ,
.
HLR
HLR
GMSC
BSC/TRC
GMSC
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
RBS
MS
+18322524300
MS
+79031234567
. 11.12 .
,
.
HLR
HLR
GMSC
BSC/TRC
GMSC
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
RBS
MS
+18322524300
MS
+79031234567
. 11.13 .
201
GSM
11.3.4
(SMS)
, 160
- . SMS-C (SMS Center)
.
MS :
SMS: SMS-C MS
SMS: MS SMS-C
MS IDLE BUSY.
MS ,
SACCH. , SDCCH,
.. IDLE.
11.3.5 SMS MS
SMS SMS-C, , ,
, .
11.13
1. MS ,
RACH, AGCH, SDCCH (
)2.
2. , MS
SDCCH SMS-C MSC/VLR. SMS-C
.
MS , .
11
11.3.6 SMS
SMS -
SMS-C MS.
11.14
1. SMS-C .
2. SMS-C SMS-GMSC.
3. SMS-GMSC HLR
.
4. HLR ( MSC/VLR)
IMSI SMS-GMSC.
5. SMS-GMSC MSC/VLR.
6. MS ( MS Idle),
, ,
.
7. , MSC/VLR
MS, SDCCH (
SACCH, MS Busy).
8. , MSC/VLR
SMS-C. , MSC/VLR HLR,
SMS-C.
, SMS-C HLR VLR ,
MS. HLR SMS-C
, MS . SMS-C
, , , ,
.
203
GSM
11.4. GPRS
, GPRS GSM,
,
.
, Mobility Management (
MS) .
11.4.1. GPRS
GSM MS
MSC Serving Area Location Area. GPRS
, ..
.
GPRS Routing Area (RA),
LA.
204
11
MS GPRS GSM,
,
MS (MS Busy,
Idle), GPRS , ,
.
. 11.16. MS GPRS.
IDLE MS, GPRS.
Mobility Management .
STANDBY MS, GPRS.
MS RAI RA Update.
RA, Cell Update
. , SGSN MS Standby
RAI.
READY SGSN
(PDU Packet Data Unit). MS
, Ready
(Ready Timer, , 44 ). Ready MS
SGSN ( Cell Update).
205
GSM
11.4.2. GPRS.
11.4.2.1 GPRS Attach
GPRS , GSM.
GPRS Attach.
206
11
10. , SGSN MS
(P_TMSI TLLI).
11.4.2.2 Routing Area Update
MS Standby
RA Update RA.
. 11.18 RA Update.
1. MS RA_Update_Request ( RAI, P_TMSI)
SGSN.
2. SGSN SGSN RAI,
IMSI SGSN
3. SGSN ( , PDP)
SGSN.
4. SGSN MS.
5. SGSN Update_Location (IMSI, SGSN)
HLR.
6. HLR Cancel_Location SGSN
MS
7. HLR MS SGSN.
8. SGSN MS
(P_TMSI TLLI).
207
GSM