Exercises 3.

3
4. Suppose that the series is described schematically by W
==}

-AIX

==}

-A2Y

==}

-A3Z where

-Al, -A21 and -A3 are the decay constants for VV, X and Y, respectively, and Z is a stable element.

Let wet), x(t), yet), and z(t) denote the amounts of substances W, X, Y, and Z, respectively. A model for the radioactive series is
-

dw = -AIW dt dx - = A1W - A2X dt dy - = A2X - A3Y dt dz - = A3Y dt

5. The system is
I 1 1 2 1 xl = 23 + SOX2 - SOXl 4= - 2SXl + SOX2 + 6 I 1 1 1 2 2 x2 = SOX1' 4 - 50X2 - SOX2' 3 = 2S XI - 2SX2.

6. Let Xl, X2, and X3 be the amounts of salt in tanks A, B, and C, respectively, so that
I

xl

1 1 1 3 100x2 2- 100XI 6= SOX2 - SOXI

11 1 1 1 3 7 1 x2 = 100XI 6+ 100x3 - 100x2 2- 100x2' 5 = SOXI - 100x2 + 100X3

I 1 1 1 1 1 x3 = 100x2 . S - 100x3 - 100x3 4= 20 X2 - 20X3.

7. (a) A model is

dXI = 3 . X2 _ 2 . Xl dt 100 - t 100 + t ' dX2 = 2 . Xl _ 3 . X2 dt 100 + t 100 - t ' X2(0)

=

50.

(b) Since the system is closed, no salt enters or leaves the system and Xl (t) + X2 (t) = 100+ 50 = ISO for all time. Thus Xl = 150 - X2 and the second equation in part (a) becomes
dX2 dt
or
2(150 - X2) 100 + t

3X2 100 - t

300 100 + t

2X2 100 + t
300 100 + t '

3X2 100 - t

dt +

dX2

(2 3) 100 + t + 100 - t X2

which is linear in X2. An integrating factor is

e 21n (lOO+t)-31n(lOO-t)

= (100 + t)2(100 _
92

t)-3