1. . . . . . . . . .

1
2. /
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
3. Visual Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
5. ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
6. :
Dim . . . . . . . .6
7.
, . . . . . . . . . .7
8. . . . . .8
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
10.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
11. . . . .11
12. . . . . . .12
13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
14. /
static . . . .14
15. ,
. . . . . .15
16.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
17. . . . . . . . . .17
18. . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
20. ++ . . . . . . . . .20
21. ++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
22.
++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
23. ++ . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
24. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
25. switch, break.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
27. ++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
29. . . . . . . . . . .29
30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
33. . . . . . . . . . . .33
34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
39.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
40. . . . . . . .40
41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
42. /
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
43.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
44.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
45. . . . . . . . . . .45
46.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

47. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
48. . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
49.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
50. (controls)
Active X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
51. Active X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
52. Active X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
53. . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
54. Netscape Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
55. V . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
56. V . . . . . . .56

1.

/ /
/ . /
/

.
, /
/
, /
.
:
1) /
; /
/
;
2) /
/
.
/
/
; ,
, , .
/
/
, ; /
: , , , GPSS.
/ /

, /
.
/
/

/
/ /
.
/ /
.
/
:
1) / , /

:
) (Fortran) ( Formulae Translation
). /
/
.
/
;
) (Basic), /
Beginners All/purpose Symbolic In/
struction Code (BASIC) /
,
1964 . /
;
) (), 1970/ . /
/
UNIX. 1980/
++, /
/
/ /
;

3. Visual Basic

Visual Basic /
(). Visual Basic /
, /
.
, ,
255 . ,
,
.
.
,
. BASE
, base. Base, Base 1 Base_ I /
. Visual Basic /
/
.
/

. /
/
.
/
; , Print
.
, : Printlt. Visual Basic
, /

, /
ENTER.

2.

4.

Integer

, /
32768 +32767. /
/
.
%.
Long Integer

QuickBASIC.
2 147 483 648 +2 147 483 647. /
&. /
,
386DX 486DX /
/
Long Integer Integer.
Single Precision

!.
, .
12345678.97,
8.97 . , /
, 12345670.01. 38 .

.
, /
, .
Double Precision

16 300

) (Pascal)
. . /
19681971 . . . /
/
,
/
;
2) /
, /
/
:
) (Lisp List Information Symbol Proces/
sing) 1962 . . . /

. /
, /
. .;
) (Prolog Programming in Logic)
/
;
3) / , /
. /
/
,
. /
:
) Visual Basic (Basic);
) Delphi (Pascal);
) Visual Fortran (Fortran);
) ++ ();
) Prolog++ (Prolog).

1 .
:
1)
/
. /
;
2)
, /
. /

.
/ /
, .
/
:
/
,
.
/
, . . /
.
.
. , /


.
/
/, /
.

. #. /
,
.
Double Precision .
Currency
GW/BASIC
QuickBASIC. , /
/
.
4 14 .
/
. @.
, /
, ,
,

.
Date
/
1
100 31 9999 .
#,
: Millenium = #January 1, 2000#.
Visual Basic /
, 00:00.

,
(, Printlt, Printit). /

. /
(, Print_It), ,

.
Visual Basic 14
. /
. ,
/
.
String
,
.
. , /

$ , : AStringVariable$. /
/
.
, /
,
Windows ,
.
/
. ,
Text1, /
ContentOfText1S = Text1.Text
/
.

5. ,

Byte
Visual Basic
0 255.
/
/
Visual Basic.
.
Boolean
/
: True False. /

.
Variant
Visual Basic 5 2.0.
variant
. Visual Basic /
, variant.
, variant
(,
, ). Visual Basic
,
. . .

, variant.
,
.
variant
,
, .

/

( , /).
Dim. /
.

, /
/
. /
.

Dim, /
/

. ,
Dim Count As Integer Count,
CountS, Count!, Count#
Count@. Count%,
/
Count.
variant, /
Dim As:
Dim Foo Foo variant.
: Dim Foo As
Variant .
, /
, /
, (General)
.

7.
,

. /
, , /
, variant.
DefType.
, , /
, I, ,
Deflnt I. Dim I
integer. /
DefType, :
Deflnt ( integer);
DefLng ( long integer);
DefSng ( single precision);
DefDbl ( double precision);
DefCur ( currency);
DefStr ( string);
DefVar ( variant);
DefBooi ( boolean);
DefByte ( byte);
DefDate ( date).
:
DefStr s/Z Def/Str S/Z .
/ , /
Dim
. DefType
(General), Option Explicit.

, /

6. : Dim

8.

,
, :
1. , /
.

. , /

, .
2.
.
3. , , /
. /
, /
.
4. . /
: , , /
, ,
.
, , /
. /

( ).
5.
/
. /
,
. /
(\)
( ) /
.

 Option Explicit (Ge/

neral), .
1. Code.
2. (General) ,
Object.
3. (Declaration) .
4. Option Explicit.

(General) ,
/
.

, Co/
py Code . /
Paste Edit /
Code. Visual Basic
Option Explicit,
.
, /
.
/
Editor /
Tools|0ptions. /
. Option
Explicit ,
.

5 , /

/
. variant
/
.
BASIC, /
Visual Basic /
, (/
), % !.
/
(duplicate difmition), /
.
Visual Basic
va/
riant. ,
.
. /
().
.
,
(, /
).
. ,

.

.
, Visual Basic
Swap, QuickBASIC.
.

\ddd \xddd (d /
)
/
. , /
/
:
1) \r ;
2) \015 /
;
3) \x00D /
.
,
/
. , /
\n ( ) /
: \010 \xA.
, /
, ,
. :
ABCDE\x009FGH. /

ABCDE FGH, /
8 . /
ABCDE\x09FGH, /
ABCDE=|=GH, ,
\x09F
=+=. , /
, /
(. . .
4) , /
, .

.
,
/
. , /
Total, /
.
/
, Visual Basic, /
/
. ,
Total

.
, /
, . /
,
/
.
. , /
,
, Dim.

9.

/
. /
: , /
, .
,
, /
: ,
.
/
,
( /
). /

( /
,
).
0
0 / /
,
: 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F.

, /
( ).
: 0x3A, 098, 36.
, /
, ,
. /
:
1) ,

11

11. .

, .
.

.
(_).
, /
, /
. : abc, ABC, A328B, a328b.

, 31 /
.
, , . .
/
. /
. /,
.
/
/
.
/, /
(_)
, /
, , , /
() ,
/
, . . /
.
/, ,
, /

10

10.

119.75, 1.72, 0.825, 0.035, 0.892.

,
. /
,
. /
.
:
;
\\ ;
W W;
\n ;
\v .
int,

.
() /
,

,
(). : N 35, , YZPT
. , /
, (), (\)

/
.
.
, \n N 35
,
N 35 .

12

12. .

, /
.
.
, ,
, /
,
(/* */). ,
.
:
/* */
/* */
/*
,
/
, /
, ,
*/. /
.
/* /*
*/ */

/* */
*/
/
main,
. /
/
. /

, /
,

10 .

9 int () long (/

,
\0.
char[]. /
.

1, , (
) / . /

. /
.
/
.
, /
/
. ,
\n /
.
( ) /
.
,
, /
.
, /
.

) . /
32 768, int, long;
2)
int, unsigned int (
), long unsigned long /
.
/
long, l
L. : 2l, 9l, 138L, 0905L, OX2911L.
/
,
. /
: [].[] [|e [+|]
].

() . /
/
, double. /
,
, /
.

12

11 , /

.
, ,
.
/
. /
/
.
.
,
. /
.

/ /
, .
,
, .
/
, /
( ) , /
(
, /
). ,
. /
, .

,
( ) .
.

/
/
.

. , /

/
.
/
, /
.
, . /
:
auto double int struct break else long switch register
tupedef char extern return void case float unsigned de/
fault for signed union do if sizeof volatile continue enum
short while.
/
/
: _asm, fortran, near, far, cdecl, huge, pascal, in/
terrupt.
far, huge, near
.
_asm, cdecl, fortran, pascal /
, /
,

. /
.

13

13.

14 14.
static

, /
.
,
. /
,
, . /
, : /
( )
( ). ,
/
.
,
.

,
. /
auto, register, static
extern. ,
. , /
auto register, /
. static extern
,
. /
/
, , /
auto.
auto
, . /
/
.

15

/
i static.
file1.c
main()
{
}
fun1()
{static int i = 0;
file2.c
fun2()
{static int i = 0;
}
fun3()
{static int i = 0;
}
/
static, /
i. /
,
(), .
/
.
static
.
, /
. /

15. ,

: i,

, .
file1.c
main()
{...
}
fun1()
{extern long i[]; ...
}
/* file2.c */
long i[MAX] = {0};
fun2()
{...
}
fun3()
{...
}
i[] extern /
fun1. /
file2.c
.
extern
.

extern ,
, /
.

16 16.

.
/
, :
array[18] = 3 array[i + 3] = 9. /
. /
.
,
. /
/
, /
, .
array[16] 16[array]
/
. , /
, , /
/ ,
. , /
ptr = array /
, ptr
ptr[16] 16[ptr].

/
*(array+16) = 3 *(array+i+2) = 7.
/
,
:
*(array+16) *(16+array).
/
, . . /

14 /
, ,
auto,
.
.
,
extern,
, /
. /
, /
.

13 /
.
auto ,

.
,
auto, .
register
/
, .

. ,
register, /
, auto. ,
,
,
.
, /
auto. register
int
, int. ,

static,

.

, . /
static /
. auto
, . ,
static
.

16 . /

/
/
static extern. ,
. /
auto register
.

,
, /
. /
, (/
), .
/
.
1. static. /
/

. static int i = 0 static
int i ,
i 0.
2.
, .
/
static. int i = 1 static int i = 1
.

array[16] 16[array] *(ar/

ray+16).
, . .
,
array ptr.

*array = 2;
array[0] = 2;
*(array+0) = 2;
*ptr = 2;
ptr[0] = 2;
*(ptr+0) = 2;

2, *array =
2 *ptr = 2, /
.

15

10

17

17.

/
, /
. /
.
/
, , /
. .
#. /
.
#include /
.
:
#include
#include < >

.
, /
. /
,
, .
, /
/
, PATH.
#include ,
. .
#include,
, .
#include /
/

19

19.

, /
/
,
.
()
.

:
#define WIDTH 80
#define LENGTH (WIDTH+10)
/
WIDTH 80 LENGTH
(80+10) .
, ,
, /
. ,
t = LENGTH*7 /
t = 80 + 10*7, t = (80 +
+10)*7, , , /
780, 630.
#define
,
/
, . /
,
/
.
/
.
/
, /

.
:
#define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y))?(x) : (y)

20

a(){.....b().....}
b(){.....c().....}
c(){.....a().....}.
a, b, c /
, /
.
tn,
m = 3, /
(. 2). tn
n, i, j, w /
. /
tn ,
n, i, j, w, /

20. ++

C++.
, ,
:
#include

int a()
{.....a().....}
, /

. ,
, .
:

18.

18

main()
{
cout << Hello, world\n; }
#include ,
/
, stream.h. /
cout << Hello, world\n
. << ( ) /
( /
Hello, world\n cout).
/
, . /
\, /
, ;
\n
. ,
Hello, world . /

main() { ... }
, main.

11

 t =
= MAX(i,s[i]) t = ((i) > (s[i])?(i) : (s[i]).
, /
, /
, ,
,
.
, ,

18

t = MAX(i&j, s[i]||j)

17 ,
,
.
#define
, ,
.
,
, /
. , /
, ,
.
#define /
:

t = ((i&j) > (s[i]||j)?(i&j) : (s[i]||j);

#define
#define ( )

t = (i&j>s[i]||j)?i&j : s[i]||j;
.
#undef /
#define. /
: #undef .
/
#define .

/
.
.
,
.

20 main,

19 , n, i, j, w

.
cout ,
, stream.h, .
. , /
. /

cout.
C++ CC.
, cc C.
Hello, world hello.c,

($ ):

, /
.

$ CC hello.c
$ a.out
Hello,world
$

. tn

.
/
.

a.out
. /
,
/o:
$ CC hello.c /o hello
$ hello
Hello,world
$

12

21. ++

21

22 22.
++

,
/
. C++ /
. /*
, /
*/. /
.
/
, /
, /* */ .
// , /
, .
,
. /
. //
,
/* */, /* /
//.
,
, /
. ,
int inch;
, inch int, . . inch
.
,
.
. /

23

23. ++

C++ ,
/
. /
,

, . . /
, /
.
, 1 /

.
1

~
&
^
|
<<
>>

,
;
& , &
.

: + a + b
, float, /
, int.

:
1 = sizeof(char) <= sizeof(short) <=sizeof(int)
<=sizeof(long) sizeof(float) <=sizeof(double)
/ /
. , , /
,
. /
const. , /
, , ,
const
.
const float pi = 3.14;
const char plus = +;
, ,
. ,
,
. , , /
.
.
, /
. /
.
/
: + (,

24 24. .
/
. ,
.
:
a = b*3 + c;
cout << go go go; lseek(fd,0,2);
:
;
. , /
, /
.

, :
{a = b + 2; b++;}

. , /
, .
/
.

/
; ,
, i /
c :

13

22 ), (, ), *
(), / ().
: =
(), != ( ), < (), > (), <= (/
), >= ( ).

C++ /
,
:
double d = 1;
int i = 1;
d = d + i;
i = d + i;
, /
: * ( ), *const (/
), & ( ), [] (), ()
(, ).

, v : v[0] ... v[9].
/
:
char c;
// ...
p = &c // p c
& .

24

#include

main()
{
const float fac = 2.54;
float x, in, cm;
char ch = 0;
cout << : ; cin>> x >> ch;
if (ch == i) { // inch
in = x;
cm = x*fac;
}
else if (ch == c) // cm
in = x/fac;
cm = x;
}
else
in = cm = 0;
cout << in << in= << cm << cm\n;}

21 . /
: +, , * /.
stream.h int
<<, ostream.

, . , /
:
cout << inch << in= << inch*2.54 << cm\n;
/
. , /
inch inch*2.54 /

/
. C++ /
.
, /
,
: char short int long float double.
/
,
. char
,
( ), int
,
( ).
, /
, . C++ /

char, char /
.

23

C++ =,
/,
.
; , x = sqrt(a = 3*x).
a = b = c c b,
a. /
/
. , x[i + 3]* = 4 /
x[i + 3] = x[i + 3]*4, ,
x[i + 3] .

/
. .
C++ /
.
* , . .
*p , p.
/
. , char* p, *p /
, p. /
++
.

14

25

25. switch, break.

switch
. /

:

26

26.

++ /
.
for ,
. :
for (i=0; i<10; i++) q[i]=p[i];

switch (ch) {
case i:
in = x;
cm = x*fac;
break;
case c:
in = x/fac;
cm = x;
break;
default:
in = cm = 0;
break;
}

, i
.
,
. /
. /
,
/
() .
:
for (int i = 1; i

break /
switch. case
,
, /
default. /
default.
, /
p q
. /
0.

27

27. ++

C++
,
, ,
.
,
. :
extern double sqrt(double);
extern instream cin;

/
,
. /
, 2:
extern float pow(float, int); //pow()
main()
{
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) cout << pow(2,i) << \n; }

28

,
, , /
. , ,
,
.
()
C++ . /
, , /
.
, :

/
,
( ) , , . . /
, , /
. , sqrt /

math.h
4, :

char ch;
int count = 1;
char* name = Bjarne;
struct complex {float re, im;};
complex cvar;
extern complex sqrt(complex);
extern int error_number;
typedef complex point;
float real(complex* p) {return p/>re;};
const double pi = 3.1415926535897932385;
struct user;

#include
//...
x = sqrt(4);

, ,
.
include ,
, ,
(

28.

;
. . , /
. ch, count cvar /
,
, /
. real , con/
stant pi 3.1415926535897932385, com/

15

26 ,
, pow ,
float int float.

.
/
, /
. /
.
, pow (12.3, abcd) /
, abcd ,
int. (2,i) 2
float, . . . pow
, , :
float pow(float x, int n)
{
if (n < 0) error(, /
pow()); switch(n) {case 0: return 1; case 1: re/
turn x; default: return x*pow(x,n1);}}

25

while (p != 0) {
*q = *p; //
q = q+1;
p = p+1;
}
*q = 0; // 0
.
while
. , ,
, /
. , /
.
++ /
,
:
while (*p) *q++ = *p++;
*q = 0;
*p++ : , /
p, p.

28 plex . point

27 /usr/include/CC); , /

complex, point
complex.

, , , /
. :

extern complex sqrt(complex);

extern int error_number;
struct user;
.
, , /
/ . () sqrt /
, /
error_number int
, / user /
, . C++

,
/
, , /
:
int count;
int count; // :
exnern int error_number;
exnern int error_number; //
:

#include math1.h
#include /usr/bs/math2.h
math1.h /
, math2.h /usr/bs.
,
ostream. ,
streambuf.
streambuf , /
ostream.
, ,
,
,
.
: (private) ,
, /
, (public) , /
.

16

29

29.

.
, /
. , /
( /
),
, /
. (/
) /
,
. /

, . . /
. /
/
.
:
int x; // x
f() {
int x; // x x
x = 1; // x
{
int x; // x
x = 2; // x
}
x = 3; // x
}
int* p = &x // x

31

31.

/
, . . , /
. /
. :
char c1 = a;
char* p = &c1 // p c1
char c2 = *p; // c2 = a
/
. , ,
(
0):
int strlen(char* p)
{
int i = 0;
while (*p++) i++;
return i;
}
,
. :

30

() /
. /
. _ . C++
, /
/
( , ), /
.
/
, /
:
012 a fool $sys class 3var
pay.due foo~bar .name if
/
, . . Count count , /
, , /
. , ,

,
.
() C++ /
.
,
, .
char /
/
; 8/ .
C++ char, . .
sizeof(char)==1.

32

32.

. /

, / .
. x&
x.
:
int i = 1;
int& r = i; // r i int
int x = r // x = 1
r = 2; // i = 2;
.
/
, .
/
,
,
. ,
. /
register.
:
register int i;
register point cursor;
register char* p;

struct s1 {int a;};

struct s2 {int a;};
,
s1 x;
s2 y = x; // : .

30.

register ,
. C++
: /

17

 unsigned char ,
30

, char
.
void ()
.
, void . /
, ,

.
void f() // f
void* pv; //
T T* /
T. T* /
T. /

:
int* pi;
char** cpp; // char
int (*vp)[10]; // 10 int
int (*fp)(char, char*); //
// (char, char*)
// int

32 ,
. (0)
, /
char[].
. /
,
.
C++ :
1)
,
const;
2)
;
3) /
.
/
,
, . /
/
, :
1) ;
2)
.
/
, .

.
, , /
, ,
, , . /
i x /
.
::
. :
int x;

29

f()
{
int x = 1; // x
::x = 2; // x
}
/
.
.
. :
int x;
f()
{
int x = x; //
}

31

s1 x;
int i = x; // :

, .
typedef /
, . /
:
typedef char* Pchar;
Pchar p1, p2;
char* p3 = p1;

18

33

33.

C++ , /
/

.
/
.
, . /
,
*, /, +, ( ) =.
.

; /
. ,
C++, ,
, .
,
. (,
END, NUMBER, + ) /
get_token(),

expr(), term() prim().
/
get_token(). get_token()
curr_tok; curr_tok /
token_value.
,
get_token() curr_tok /
, . /
/

35

35.

,

, ,
. /
, /
.
/
. , C++
float +, , * . . /
, /
.
, /
,
.
, , ,
trunk_module ( /
), list_of_pa/
ragraphs ( ). , /
,
, , , /
. , /
,
. /

, /
.
/

( ,
) , /

34

34.

( /
). ,

.
/
,
/ /
.
.
, ,
,
. /
, /
,
.
. /
. , /
/

, /

expr(), term() prim(). /
( , /
, ), /
. ,
/. /
; /
/
, ,

36

36.

,
.
, int C++
+, , *, / . .
.
, ,

. /

. , , /
, ,
C++.
C++ /
, /
.
, /
,
/
, , , /
.
:
class complex {
double re, im;
public:
complex(double r, double i) { re=r; im=i; }
friend complex operator+(complex, complex);
friend complex operator*(complex, complex);
};
/

19

34 200
,
.
, /
, /
, ,
,
. .
,
.
. UNIX
ld. , /
,
.
/
,
(). /

, /
. ,
, , C++ /
, /
.
, ,
, /
, ,
, , .

, , /
.

33 ,
, /
. /
. / expr() /
;
, /
.
. , /
/
, /
.
++
.
, /
:
,
/
,
, , /
. /
.
get_token() , error() /
, .
, /
.
,
, /
. :
, main()
/
, /
.

36 ,

35 .

, /
+ *. /
+ *
operator+ operator*.
, , b c complex, b+c /
( ) operator+(b,c). /

. :

, /
/
.
/
.
,
, , , /
.

. ,
:

void f()
{
complex a = complex(1, 3.1);
complex b = complex(1.2, 2);
complex c = b;

struct date {
int month, day, year;

a = b+c;
b = b+c*a;
c = a*b+complex(1,2);
}

void set(int, int, int);

void get(int*, int*, int*);
void next();
void print();
};
, , /
/
/

.

20

37

37.

38

38.

/


/
.
/
,

.
,
,
.
/
/
. , /
, .

,
. ,
.


.

,

. , , /
, /
/ ,

C++ //
. ; /
, .
/ /

,
,
, /
, .

/
.
/
. C++
,
,
. /
/ , , /
,
. , /

/
/
.
C++ ,
, /
, .
/ /
/
.

39 39.

40

/
. , /
,
, ,
. /
(Properties) .
/
:
Action ;
ActiveControl ,
;
Align :
BiDiMode /
. /
;
BorderStyle ,
. BorderIcons , /
:
, , , /
;
Caption
;
CurrentHelpFile /
, ;
HelpFile /
;
ShowHint /
;
Hint ;
Icon ;

.
:
1) /
;
2) ;
3) (
/
, , ,
).
/
. Delphi,
. ,
. ,
, /
.

:
,
Treeview,
OutLine .
. /
OpenDialog.

. /
. ,

. /
.
/
, /

21

40.

38 /, /

37 ,

UNIX,
/
,
.
/
/
.
, /
/

.
:

. C++

, /
.
/
, /
, /
.
,
,
/
.
,
, .
, /
:

put(cerr,x = ); // cerr
put(cerr,x);
put(cerr,\n);
,
put . /
.
. << /
/

. :

struct employee { //
char* name; //
short age; //
short department; //
int salary; //
employee* next;
// ...
};

cerr << x= << x << \n;

cerr /
.

40 Execute:Boolean. ,

, True.
FileName /
. Files
, .
InitialDir , /
. Title /
.
Filter. /

/
. ,

:
| *.EXE
/
:
| *.JPG; *.GIF; *.PNG
,
Filter .

Cursor ,

;
Visible ,
;
Enabled .
False ;
Font ,
, . /
, ,
, ;
Height ;
Width ;
Left
;
Top
;
Name ;
TabOrder /
Tab;
TabStop False
Tab
.
/
. , , /
, /
.

39

22

41

41.

/
: ShowMessage,
MessageDlg, .
showmessage /
.
/
. :

42

42.

messageDlg

. , /
. , /
.
.
:
MessageDlg(Msg: string; AType: TMsgDlgType; ABut/
tons: TMsgDlgButtons; HelpCtx: Longint): Word;
Msg . /
;
Atype .
:
1) mtWarning ;
2) mtError ;
3) mtInformation ;
4) mtConfirmation ;

.
1. /
,
.
: /

;
, ,
,
; /
/
; ,
, /
. .
2. , /
,

, ,
( ).
3. ,

, , /
,

( ).
4. /
, ,
/

43 23.

44 44.

, ,
.
,
, /
.
,
.

, /
. /
,

,
, .

/
, /
,
, /
.

/
.
/, /
, /

( ).
,
.

/
. /
:
1) /
;
2) /

;
3)
.
, ,
, /
. : /,
,
. /

,
.
.
, , ,
,
.

, ,
,
/
, , /
, .

, /

: ShowMessage(Msg: string);
:
ShowMessage( );

23

42 ,

41 5) mtCustom /

80186, 80188, 80286, 80386 80486. /

/
, 32/
64/ 32/ , /
80386 80486. /
, , ,
.
80 x 86, 80 x 88, , /


,
, .
8088 80188 8/
, ,
,
(1 ,
8 ); 8086, 80186 80286 16/
, ,
(2 , 16 ); /
80386, 32//
, /
(4 , 32 ); /
/ 80486, /
32/ , , /
(16
, 96 ).

.
( showmessage);
Abuttons , /
. :
mbYes, mbNo, mbOK, mbCancel, mbHelp, mbAbort,
mbRetry, mbIgnore, mbAll;
HelpCtx ,
, , /
.
:
MessageDlg( ,
mtConfirmation, [mbYes, mbNo], 0);
, /
, /
. /
:
If MessageDlg( ?,
mtConfirmation, [mbYes, mbNo], 0) = mrYes
Then
Begin
MessageDlg( ., mtIn/
formation, [mbOk], 0);
Close;
end;
/
.
,
. ,
/
, /
.

44 /

/, .


, /
.
, ,
. /
, /
/
,
.

/ /
. /

23 /

. , / /
,
.

,
/
.
,

: /
? /
, , /
,
. ToolBook.

43

24

45

45.

,
( )
.
4/ 8/ /
,
/
,
. 16//
, 8086, 8088 68000,
/
,
:
8086 8088, , 32/
16/
150 .
/

,
, /
. /
,
.
( /
)
.
/
.
/

47

47.

:
, , /
, , /
. . /
.
1. ,
.
2. ,
.
, 90%
10%
. 10% /
. , , /
,


. /
, /
LOOP, LOOPZ LOOPNZ;
, /
/
.
: /
, /
/
, ,
. /
, /
. /

46

46.

, /
,
, /
80 86 80 88 . /
,
, /
, .
,

Intel.
/
, /
, /
: (BIU Bus Interface Unit),
/
(EU Execution Unit). /
,
, , /
, /
,
/
/
. /
,
: , /
, /
.
, /
, /

48

48.

,
. /
,
/
,
, /
, /
/
.
/
.
,
. /
, /
, /
.

. /

, /
,
. /
,

:
(32 )
8 ,
4 5. /
,

25

46 /
.
, /
, .
/
, .
,
,
. /
, /
, ,
/
. , /
/
. 4
32 .
, /

.
/
.

.
, /
/
: ,

, /
. /
(WORD DWORD) /
, ALIGN
.

45 () .
, , ,
/
MyVar 8:

48 1

47 /

4 .

. /
, ,
/
. /
. /
,
0 255,
/
.

/
, .
/
MOV
XLAT. /
.

, /
,

.
.
/
.
/
.
, /
,
. /

, /
,
, /
, /
/
.
/
,
,
,
. . .
, /
, ,
/ /
.

mov ax,MyVar
mov bx,8
mul bx
mov MyVar,ax
/
.
, , . /
, /
/
( ).

. /

, /

.
,

. /
,
.

26

49

49.

/
,
/
.
/
.
1. ,
.
2. PUSH .
3. .
4. ,
PUSHA POPA.
5. ENTER LEAVE /
.
6.
BOUND.
7. /
.
/
.
80386
80486 /
16/ ,
80188,
80188 80286
32/ ,
.
1. 32/ ( /
, /

51

51. Active X

ActiveX /
.
CODEBASE = URL
URL/ , /
/
.
CODETYPE = MIME/, TYPE = MIME/
/
( MIME)
, CLASSID
( CODETYPE) DATA ( TYPE).
DATA = URL
/
,
.
DECLARE

<OBJECT> , /
. /
, /
.
ID =
ID /
/ /
.
/
.
NAME =
.
,

50

50. (controls) Active X

,
/
.

. ,
/
, /
HTML ; /
, /
,
/
; , /

, /
, , /
.
Netscape Navigator
ActiveX
,
,
. HTML /
, ,
(. .
). ,
, /
.

, HTML/
, , /
Windows. /

, , /

OLE (OLE Custom Controls, OCX).

ActiveX /

52

52. Active X

, /
.
HTML/, /
ActiveX, Microsoft,

(). /
, /
CLSID URL/
Microsoft, .
/
,
, :
StartColor EndColor
, /
, HTML /
#rrggbb, rr, gg bb /
, .
Direction
: 0 , 1
, 2 . .
<OB/
JECT> <PARAM>. /
HTML/:
<HTML>
<TITLE> Acti/
veX</TITLE>
<BODY>
/
:

27

50 Java/. /
ActiveX
(Win/
dows 95/NT). Ac/
tiveX OLE
, , /
, UNIX .
.
, .ocx /
ActiveX, ,
Windows,
, /
( Windows NT
, /
).
/
, ActiveX
.
ActiveX
/
Java.
/, /
/
ActiveX
.
ActiveX, /

, , , /
Ac/
tiveX, . OCX//
4.0
Visual Basic /
VBX (Visual Basic Controls).
VBX /
,

. OCX/ /
ActiveX , VBX OCX.

49 , /
DOS,
DOS OS/2 1.3).
2.
(MOVZX MOVSX).
3. 64/ ( )
SHLD SHRD.
4.
/
,
(SETZ, SETC . .).
5. , , , /
(BT, BTC, BTR, BTS, BSF
BSR).
6. /
.
7. LEA
/
.
8. .
9. 32/
64/ 32/.
10. (FS GS).
11. SS,
FS GS (LSS, LFS LGS).

<OBJECT
ID = grad1
CLASSID = clsid:017C99A0/8637/11CF/A3A9/
00A0C9034920
CODEBASE = http://activex.microsoft.com/controls/
iexplorer/iegrad.ocx#Version = 4,70,0,1161
WIDTH = 200
HEIGHT = 100
>
<PARAM NAME = StartColor VALUE = #ffffff>
<PARAM NAME = EndColor VALUE = #000000>
<PARAM NAME = Direction VALUE = 0>
</OBJECT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

51 /

52

Internet Explorer
,
Installing
components.... /
, CODEBASE, /
,
ActiveX ( ).

HTML/.
SHAPES

, ,
(map), , /
/
. URL/
<A> /
,
<OBJECT>
</OBJECT>.
STANDBY =
/
, , /
, /
.

( ) ,
<PA/
RAM>. ,

, .

28

53

53.

Internet Explorer /
LAN/
GUAGE <SCRIPT> .
,

, /
. , setTimeout (),
Netscape Navigator , /
,
,
JavaScript
VBScript.
, Ja/
vaScript, Internet Explorer,
JScript Microsoft,

, ,
JavaScript,
VBScript.
JScript /
JavaScript. /
JavaScript,
Netscape Navigator 3.0. , ,
, Net/
scape Navigator , /

, .
, Netscape Navigator
, /
Internet Explorer. Micro/

55

55. V

VBA VB
VB,
, /
. VB,
VBA ,
.

, /
,
.
ActiveX . VBA
/
, , /
VB.
VBA
. ,
.
/ VBA ,
/
, /
.
. /
/ ,
VBA , /
Windows, /
.
,

(, , ,
, ). /

.
,

54

54. Netscape Navigator

,

ActiveX Internet Explorer.
.
,
ActiveX,
, Net/
scape.
,
. Netscape Naviga/
tor <OBJECT>, ,
ScriptActive, /
, . /
Netscape
<EMBED>. , ,
,
,
<OBJECT> <EMBED>.
, Internet Explorer
<EMBED> ( /
, Internet Explorer
Netsca/
pe), /
<OBJECT> ... </OBJECT>.

HTML / /
,
/
, , /
. , /

56

56. V

V /
. /
, :
1)
(, ,..., Z, , b,..., z);
2) ( ,
);
3) , /
;
4) ,
:
+ /*/\ ^ = ><[](). :{}&;
5) 0 9;
6) _;
7) ,
: <= >= <>.
V /
(), /

, /
.
,
, /
.
/
, .
.
, /
.
(). /

29

54 , , ,

53 soft /

. /
<OBJECT>, /
<EMBED>:

JavaScript; ,
Microsoft, , /
Microsoft Internet Explorer Scripting Object Mo/
del,
JScript .
, ActiveX Documents. /
ActiveX ,
Windows OLE.
, Microsoft Word /
Excel,
, Excel. HTML/ /
/
, /
, OLE.
, /
, /
X, /
.
,
OLE/. /
. ,
/
. ,
, Microsoft Of/
fice, /
(Word Viewer, Excel Viewer . .),

Microsoft,
, , /
. , /
.

<OBJECT
WIDTH = 320
HEIGHT = 240
CLASSID = clsid:0D5C3F21/6DF8/11CF/AAEB/
02608C9EA5BF
CODEBASE = http://www.ncompasslabs.com/Acti/
veX/
ocx/nbillbrd.ocx
DATA = http://www.ncompasslabs.com/ActiveX/inli/
ne/
billboard.ods
>
<PARAM NAME = Slideshow VALUE = 1>
<PARAM NAME = LocalButtons VALUE = 0>
<PARAM NAME = Delay VALUE = 1>
<EMBED
WIDTH = 320
HEIGHT = 240
SRC = BillBoard.ods
CODE = http://www.ncompasslabs.com/ActiveX/
ocx/nbillbrd.ocx
Slideshow = 1 <!/ />
LocalButtons = 0
Delay = 1
>
</OBJECT>

56 /
.
, /
,
: /
.
/
, ,
/
.
. /
/
. /
.
. /
,
/
.
/
,
, , , /
.

, /
: .

, /
.

55 , . .

/
,
, /
, .

.
( , /
, . .).
, /
: /
,
.

,
.
1. , /
, /
, /
VBA
Windows. ,
.
2. /
.

VBA.
, /
, /
.
/ , /
.
/
.
, , ,
, , .

30