MOLE CONCEPT

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INTRODUCTION: A mole is a unit which is used to express the amount of substance. It is defined as the amount of substance which contains Avogadro number of particles . 6 6.022 022 x 1023, is called Avogadros number (represented by NA), ) named in the honour of an Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro Avogadro.
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MOLE IN TERMS OF MASS: The mole is the amount of substance (Elements or compounds) which has a mass equal to its gram atomic mass or gram molecular mass mass. e.g., 1. One mole of oxygen atoms = 16 g (0ne gm. gm atomic mass) mass). e.g., 2. One mole of oxygen molecule = 32 g.(One g (One gm gm. molecular mass)
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MOLE IN TERMS OF NUMBER. One mole of substance contain one Avogadros number 1 gm mole of hydrogen atom contains 6.022 x 1023 hydrogen atoms. 1 gm mole of Hydrogen molecule contains 6.022 x 1023 hydrogen molecule. Molecular mass of water (H2O) is 18 18. One mole of water (H2O) contain 6.022 x1023 molecules of water water.
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MOLE IN TERMS OF VOLUME. One mole of gas under standard temperature (273K) and Pressure 1 atm (STP). occupies 22.4 dm3 of volume. A mole of gaseous substance can also be defined the amount of substance that can occupy the volume of 22.4 dm3 at STP or 0.0224 m3
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NUMERICALPROBLEMS HINTS No.ofmoles= givenmassingm OR grammolecularmass = givenmassingm gramatomicmass

1mole=6.022x1023 particles=1gm Molecularmass=22.4dm3atSTP

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22.4litres of fagas atSTP

1gm atomic massof an element

1 M l Mole

6.022x1023 particles

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1g molecular mass ofa compound

NUMERICALPROBLEMS Asampleofnitrogencontains5.6x1019 atomsof Nitrogen Findthemassofatoms Nitrogen. atoms. Ans Ans. Massof5.6x1019 atomsnitrogen=14x5.6x1019 6 022x1023 6.022 =13.017x1019 x1023 =13.017x104 g
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NUMERICALPROBLEMS
Calculate C l l the h no.of fmoles l i in: i)60gofCa(gramatomicmassofCa=40g) ii)anironsamplecontaining1022 atomsofiron. iron i)60gofCa
No.ofmolesofCa=MassofCaingrams=60g =1.5 GramAtomicMass 40gMol

ii)No. No ofmolesofFe=No. =No ofatomsofFe(N)=N

Avogadrosno.ofatoms(N0)N0 =(1.0x1022 atoms) =0.0166mol (6.022x1023 atoms) Vikasana Bridge Course 2012

PERCENTAGECOMPOSITION Percentagecompositionofanelementina compound =Massofelementinonemolecule X100 Molecularmassofcompound

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1 CalculatethepercentagecompositionofH2O. 1. O (GivenrelativeatomicofH=1O=16) Watercontainstwoelements,i.e.,Hydrogen andOxygen Molecularmassofwater =2xatomicmassofH2 +1xatomicmassof O2 =(2x1)+(1x16)=2+16=18g

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Since18gof Si fwatercontains i 2gof fh hydrogen d and d 16gofoxygen.

%ofH2 = 2x100=11.11%bymassofHydrogen 18 %ofO2 =16 x100=88.89%bymassofOxygen 18

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2. Calculatethepercentageofwaterin
Na2CO3.10H2O(At.massofNa=23,C=12,O=16.)

A M Ans. Molecular l l massof fNa N 2CO3.10H 10H2O =2x23+1x12+3x16+10x18 =46+12+48+180=286

286gofsodiumcarbonatedecahydratecontains 180gofH2O

Therefore%H2O=180 X100=62.93% 286

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3. Calculatethepercentagebymassofelementsin Na2CO3 (At.mass (At massofNa=23 23,C=12 =12,O=16 16.) ) Ans.Molecularmass=2x23+1x12+3x16= 106 %bymassofNa= 46 x100=43.39% 106 %bymassofC= 12 x100=11.32% 106 %bymassofO= 48 x100=45.28% 106
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CHAPTERQUESTIONS I Answerthefollowing: I. 1. Calculatethemolecularmassof: i)H2Oii)N Na2CO3 ii)CuSO C SO4.5H 5H2O 2. Calculate the mass percent of different elements l of: f i) Na2SO4 ii) CuSO4.5H2O iii) Find the h % of f water i in C CuSO SO4.5H 5H2O 3. Calculate the number of oxygen molecules present in 64 g of oxygen. Vikasana Bridge Course 2012

1. i) Molecular mass of of H2O = 2 x 1+ 1x 16 =18 u ii) M.M. of Na2CO3 = 2x23 +1x12 + 3x16 = 106u iii) M.M. of CuSO4.5H2O = 63.5+36+64+5x18=249.5u 2. i)Mass % of Na2 SO4
Molecular mass of Na2SO4 = 2x23 +1x36+4x16 = 142u

Mass of Na x 100 Molecular mass 46 X 100 = 32.39 32 39 % 142 Similarly: % of Sulphur (S) 32 x 100 = 22.54 % 142 % of Oxygen (O) 64/142 x 100 = 45.07 % Vikasana Bridge Course 2012

% of Sodium (Na) =

ii)Mass%ofCuSO4.5H2O MolecularMass=63.5+32+64+5x18=249.5u
%Copper(Cu)=MassofCu X100=63.5x100=25.45% MolecularMass249.5 %oftotaloxygen=Massofoxygen =9x16x100 =57.7% Molecularmass249.5 Similarly:%hydrogenandSulphurarerespectively=4.0%and12.8%

%WaterinCusO4.5H2O(M.M=249.5) =Massofwaterx100 =90x100 =36.07% Molecularmass249.5 iii)%WaterinCusO4.5H2O(M.M=249.5)= M of Mass fwater t x100 =90x100 =36.07 36 07% Vikasana Bridge Course 2012 Molecularmass249.5

A.3.No.ofmoleculesin64gofoxygen. G.M.M=32g 32gcontain6.022x1023 molecules 64gcontain6.022x1023 x2 =12.044x1023

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Q4. In 3 moles of ethane, calculate the: i.Number moles of Carbon atoms. ii.Number of moles of hydrogen atoms. Iii.Number of molecules of Ethane. Q5.Calculatethenumberofatomspresentin: i)26molesofheliumii)26gofhelium
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4 A. In 3 moles of ethane,(C2H6) i) No. of moles of Carbon atom = 3 x 2 moles = 6 moles ii) No. of moles of Hydrogen atom = 3 x 6 moles = 18 moles iii) No. of molecules of Ethane = 1 Mole of Ethane = 6.022 x 1023 molecules ... In I 3 moles l of f Ethane Eth = 3 x 6.022 6 022 x 1023 molecules = 1.81 x 1024
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7Q. Q What Wh tis i the th diff differencebetween b t th themass ofmoleculeandmolecularmass?

8 What 8. Wh ti ismeant t b byA Avogadros d number? b ?

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A5.i)OnemoleofHe=6.022x1022 atoms ...26molesofHe =6.022 6 022x1023 x26 =1.56x1025 atoms

ii)gM.MofHe=4g 4gofHe=6.022x1023 atoms
...26gmofHe=6.022x1023 x26 =3.91x1024 atoms

4 g 6AMassofamolecule isthatofasinglemoleculewhichisalso
knownasactualmass. mass

Molecularmass:Itisthemassof Avogadros number(6.022 ( x1023)ofmolecules.

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Q 4. 4.16 g of oxygen have same number of

molecules as in: a) 16g of CO b) 28g of Nitrogen c) 1 g of Hydrogen d) 14 g of nitrogen 5. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio Which of the following laws are related to the above statement. a) Law of conservation of mass b) Law of definite proportion c) Law of multiple proportions d) Avogadro law. Vikasana Bridge Course 2012

CHAPTER QUESTIONS II. Multiple p choice q questions: 1. One mole of oxygen atoms represents a) 16 g of oxygen, b) 6.022 x 10-23 atoms of oxygen c) 6.022 x 1023 molecules of oxygen, d) 32 g of oxygen. 2 Which one of the following contains the most 2. number of molecules? a) 1 mole of water water,b) b) 1g of hydrogen hydrogen, c) 1g of water d) 1g of methane 3. Which of the following has the least volume of gas at STP? Vikasana Bridge Course 2012 a) 5 g of HF, b) 5g of HBr, c) 5g of HI,d) 5 g of HCl.

II Answers to Multiple choice questions 1. (a ) 2. (a) 3.(C)

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