ScrollingtextinLEDdotmatrixdisplay

Introduction:
Multiplexeddisplaysareelectronicdisplayswheretheentiredisplayisnotdrivenatonetime.
Instead,subunitsofthedisplay(typically,rowsorcolumnsforadotmatrixdisplayorindividual
charactersforacharacterorientateddisplay,occasionallyindividualdisplayelements)are
multiplexed,thatis,drivenoneatatime,buttheelectronicsandthepersistenceofvisioncombine
tomaketheviewerbelievetheentiredisplayiscontinuouslyactive.
10x8LEDdotmatrixdisplay:
Belowfigureillustratestheconstructionofa10x8LEDdotmatrixdisplay.

Working:
Intheabovefigure,therowsarenegativeandcolumnsarepositive.Now,ifIconnectasinglecolumn
to positive 3V and a single row to negative (0v), then the LED in place of the intersection of the
correspondingrowandcolumnwillglow.Now,ifweselectasinglecolumn(meansa+voltatselected
column),saycolumn1andmultiplerows(meansconnect0Vtofewselectedrows),sayrow1,2&8,
thentheselected1,2and8LEDsincolumn1willglow.Nowifishiftthecolumn(meansshiftingthe
positivevoltagefromcolumn1tocolumn2),andifichangetherowdata,thenthenewdatawillbe
displayedincolumn2.
Now,ificontinuouslyshiftthecolumnandproviderowdatacorrespondingtoeachcolumn,theni
candisplaythedifferentrowdata(8bit)indifferentcolumns...
.So,ifoneframe(10columnshift)iscompletedwithin1/16thofasecond,thenduetothepersistence
ofvisionofoureye,wewillfeeltheentirecolumnsareactivatedatatime,andthuswewillseeallthe
ten8bitdatacorrespondingtothe10columns,atatime.........
Now,ifasetof8bitdata(say5x8)representsaletter,say,'F'thenwewillseeletter'F'inthe
display.
Circuitexplanation:

Intheabovecircuit,thePIC16F877Aprovidesthe8bitrowdata.CD4017isusedtoselectthecolumn
onebyone.Now,forshiftingthecolumnposition,aclockisprovidedbythePICtotheCD4017.On
everyclock,thecolumnisshifted.(fromrighttoleftinthiscase).
Note:
Here,IusedaPIC16F877AmicrocontrollerandaCD4017johnsoncounter.Butthe40pinPIC16F877Ais
havingmorenumberofPORTpins,andthusthereisnoneedoftheCD4017forthissmalldisplay,andi
couldusesomeotherportpinsofthePICtoworkasajohnsoncounter.Butanyway,iusedaCD4017just
because, in the same circuit board, i could use other free PORT pins for some other purpose like LCD
interfacing,USRT,SPI,PWMetclater...

Programming:
IamusingHiTechCcompilerwithMPLABIDEforcompilingtheembeddedCprogramandthereby
generatingthehexfilewhichistobeloaded/burnedtothePIC.TherearemanyotherCcompilers,but
istartedwithHiTechCandIlikeit.SoIamcontinuingwithit....

Beforedoingascrollingtext,whatididisastillletterdisplay.
Programtodisplayastillletter'F'inthedisplay(example)
/*Todisplayastillletter'F'inthedisplay*/
#include<pic.h>
#define_XTAL_FREQ20e6
__CONFIG(0x3F3A);
unsignedchari;
voidclock()
{
RB6=1;
RB6=0;
}
voidreset()
{
RB7=1;
RB7=0;
}
voiddisplay(unsignedcharc)
{
PORTD=c;/*todisplay1/5thofletter*/
__delay_ms(1);/*todisplaythedatainacolumnfor1ms*/
PORTD=255;/*toblankthedisplay*/
clock();/*togiveaclocktoCD4017forcolumnmultiplexing*/
}
voidpic_init()
{
TRISD=0;
TRISB6=0;
TRISB7=0;
}
/*MAINFUNCTION*/
voidmain()
{
__delay_ms(100);
pic_init();/*tosetoutports*/
while(1)
{
reset();/*tojumptofirstcolumnfromright*/
display(0x7f);/*1/5portionofletterF*/
display(0x6f);/*1/5portionofletterF*/

display(0x6f);/*1/5portionofletterF*/
display(0x6f);/*1/5portionofletterF*/
display(0x01);/*1/5portionofletterF*/
reset();/*tojumptofirstcolumnfromright*/
}
}
/*programend*/

Scrollingtextinthis10x8LEDdotmatrixdisplay:

Inthecaseofscrollingdisplayweneedtocreateabufferof10bytesandneedtostorethedatatobe
displayedinaframe.Thenafterdisplayingaframe,weneedtoshiftthedatawithinthearrayasshown
below.
?

1
2
3
4

for(i=9;i>0;i)
{
array[i]=array[i1];
}

Theabovecodeshiftthedatainthearraywhichistobedisplayedasnextshiftedframe.Now,array[0]
(thedatatobedisplayedinfirstcolumnfromtheright)isloadedwithnewdata,whichwillbeafraction
(1/5)ofa5x8font.Nowthenewframearrayisdisplayedforaparticularintervaloftime(depending
on
the
variable
speed
and
delays
used
in
the
program).
Brightness is equalized by activating the column LEDs one by one , using a scanning with in the
column.

1
2
3
4

for(j=0;j<9;j++)
{
PORTD=~(array[i]&(p));__delay_ms(.1);p<<=1;
}

/*Scrollingtextin10x8LEDdotmatrixdisplay*/
#include<pic.h>
#define_XTAL_FREQ20e6
__CONFIG(0x3F3A);
chararray[10],p,j,s,i,still;
voidclock(){RB6=1;RB6=0;}
voidreset(){RB7=1;RB7=0;}
voidscroll(chara,charb,charc,chard,chare)//displayfunction//
{
shortintcount=6;
while(count>0)
{
array[0]=~a;
a=b;b=c;c=d;d=e;e=255;
reset();
for(s=0;s<still;s++)
{
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
p=1;
for(j=0;j<9;j++)
{

PORTD=~(array[i]&(p));__delay_ms(.1);p<<=1;
}
clock();
}
}
for(i=9;i>0;i)
{
array[i]=array[i1];
}
count;
}
}
////////////////////////FONTDATA////////////////////////
voidA(){scroll(0xC1,0xB7,0x77,0xB7,0xC1);}//letterA
voidB(){scroll(0x01,0x6D,0x6D,0x6D,0x93);}//letterB
voidC(){scroll(0x83,0x7D,0x7D,0x7D,0xBB);}//"
voidD(){scroll(0x01,0x7D,0x7D,0xBB,0xC7);}
voidE(){scroll(0x01,0x6D,0x6D,0x6D,0x7D);}
voidF(){scroll(0x01,0x6F,0x6F,0x6F,0x7F);}
voidG(){scroll(0x83,0x7D,0x65,0x6D,0xA3);}
voidH(){scroll(0x01,0xEF,0xEF,0xEF,0x01);}
voidI(){scroll(0x7D,0x7D,0x1,0x7D,0x7D);}
voidJ(){scroll(0xF3,0x7D,0x7D,0x03,0x7F);}
voidK(){scroll(0x01,0xEF,0xD7,0xBB,0x7D);}
voidL(){scroll(0x01,0xFD,0xFD,0xFD,0xFD);}
voidM(){scroll(0x01,0xBF,0xDF,0xBF,0x01);}
voidN(){scroll(0x01,0xBF,0xDF,0xEF,0x01);}
voidO(){scroll(0x83,0x7D,0x7D,0x7D,0x83);}
voidP(){scroll(0x01,0x6F,0x6F,0x6F,0x9F);}
voidQ(){scroll(0x83,0x7D,0x75,0x79,0x81);}
voidR(){scroll(0x01,0x6F,0x6F,0x6F,0x91);}
voidS(){scroll(0x9B,0x6D,0x6D,0x6D,0xB3);}
voidT(){scroll(0x7F,0x7F,0x01,0x7F,0x7F);}
voidU(){scroll(0x03,0xFD,0xFD,0xFD,0x03);}
voidV(){scroll(0x07,0xFB,0xFD,0xFB,0x07);}
voidW(){scroll(0x01,0xFB,0xF7,0xFB,0x01);}
voidX(){scroll(0x39,0xD7,0xEF,0xD7,0x39);}
voidY(){scroll(0x3F,0xDF,0xE1,0xDF,0x3F);}
voidZ(){scroll(0x79,0x75,0x6D,0x5D,0x3D);}//letterZ
voidD0(){scroll(0x83,0x7D,0x7D,0x7D,0x83);}//NUM0
voidD1(){scroll(0xDD,0xBD,0x1,0xFD,0xFD);}
voidD2(){scroll(0xBD,0x79,0x75,0x6D,0x9D);}
voidD3(){scroll(0x7B,0x7D,0x5D,0x4D,0x33);}
voidD4(){scroll(0xCF,0xAF,0x6F,0xEF,0x1);}
voidD5(){scroll(0xB,0x5D,0x5D,0x5D,0x63);}
voidD6(){scroll(0x83,0x6D,0x6D,0x6D,0xB3);}
voidD7(){scroll(0x79,0x77,0x6F,0x5F,0x3F);}
voidD8(){scroll(0x93,0x6D,0x6D,0x6D,0x93);}
voidD9(){scroll(0x9B,0x6D,0x6D,0x6D,0x83);}//NUM9
voidSP(){scroll(255,255,255,255,255);}//SPACE
/////////////////////////////////////////
voidmain()
{
TRISD=0;
TRISB6=0;
TRISB7=0;
still=20;//SPEEDCONTROL

while(1)
{
A();B();C();D();E();F();G();H();I();J();
K();L();M();N();O();P();SP();SP();
/*etcetcetc*/
}
}
//PROGRAMEND//
Intheabovecode,wecanseethateachfontisafunction.Butthatisnotagoodway.Bettermethod
isalookuptableimplementationforthefontdatasothattheycouldbeeasilyfetchedwithoutanyif
elseconditionandthisdecreasetheaccesstimeandincreasetheefficiency..

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*Scrollingtextin10x8LEDdotmatrixdisplay*/
/*Improvedcodecomparedtopreviousone*/
/*Implementedalookuptableforfonttoincreasetheaccesstime*/
/*vinodstanur@gmail.comhttp://blog.vinu.co.in*/
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include<pic.h>
#define_XTAL_FREQ20e6
__CONFIG(0x3F3A);
chararray[10],p,j,s,i,still;
externconstcharfont_5x7[95][5];
voidclock(){RB6=1;RB6=0;}
voidreset(){RB7=1;RB7=0;}
voidscroll(chara,charb,charc,chard,chare)//displayfunction//
{
shortintcount=6;
while(count>0)
{
array[0]=a;
a=b;b=c;c=d;d=e;e=0;
reset();
for(s=0;s<still;s++)
{
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
p=1;
for(j=0;j<9;j++)
{
PORTD=~(array[i]&(p));__delay_ms(.1);p<<=1;
}
clock();
}
}
for(i=9;i>0;i)
{
array[i]=array[i1];
}
count;
}
}

voidprintf(constchar*p)
{
while(*p){
scroll(font_5x7[*p''][0],font_5x7[*p''][1],font_5x7[*p''][2],font_5x7[*p''][3],font_5x7[*p'
'][4]);
p++;
}
}
//SPACE
/////////////////////////////////////////
voidmain()
{
TRISD=0;
TRISB6=0;
TRISB7=0;
still=20;//SPEEDCONTROL
while(1)
{
printf("HELLOWORLD");
printf("Iamtestingfont..*!~_+=/\\,.7895WMvuy....");

}
}

//lookuptableforfont//
constcharfont_5x7[95][5]={
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},//
{0x00,0x00,0x7a,0x00,0x00},//!
{0x00,0x70,0x00,0x70,0x00},//"
{0x14,0x3e,0x14,0x3e,0x14},//#
{0x10,0x2a,0x3e,0x2a,0x04},//$
{0x64,0x08,0x10,0x26,0x00},//%
{0x14,0x2a,0x14,0x02,0x00},//&
{0x00,0x00,0x70,0x00,0x00},//'
{0x00,0x3c,0x42,0x00,0x00},//(
{0x00,0x42,0x3c,0x00,0x00},//)
{0x00,0x2a,0x1c,0x2a,0x00},//*
{0x08,0x08,0x3e,0x08,0x08},//+
{0x00,0x01,0x06,0x04,0x00},//,
{0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x00},//
{0x00,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x00},//.
{0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00},///
{0x00,0x3c,0x42,0x3c,0x00},//0
{0x00,0x22,0x7e,0x02,0x00},//1
{0x22,0x46,0x4a,0x32,0x00},//2
{0x44,0x52,0x52,0x6c,0x00},//3
{0x18,0x28,0x7e,0x08,0x00},//4
{0x74,0x52,0x52,0x4c,0x00},//5
{0x3c,0x52,0x52,0x0c,0x00},//6
{0x40,0x46,0x58,0x60,0x00},//7
{0x2c,0x52,0x52,0x2c,0x00},//8
{0x30,0x4a,0x4a,0x3c,0x00},//9
{0x00,0x36,0x36,0x00,0x00},//:
{0x01,0x36,0x34,0x00,0x00},//;
{0x00,0x08,0x14,0x22,0x00},//<
{0x14,0x14,0x14,0x14,0x00},//=
{0x00,0x22,0x14,0x08,0x00},//>

{0x00,0x20,0x4a,0x30,0x00},//?
{0x3c,0x42,0x5a,0x38,0x00},//@
{0x3e,0x48,0x48,0x3e,0x00},//A
{0x7e,0x52,0x52,0x2c,0x00},//B
{0x3c,0x42,0x42,0x24,0x00},//C
{0x7e,0x42,0x42,0x3c,0x00},//D
{0x7e,0x52,0x52,0x42,0x00},//E
{0x7e,0x50,0x50,0x40,0x00},//F
{0x3c,0x42,0x4a,0x2e,0x00},//G
{0x7e,0x10,0x10,0x7e,0x00},//H
{0x00,0x42,0x7e,0x42,0x00},//I
{0x04,0x02,0x02,0x7c,0x00},//J
{0x7e,0x18,0x24,0x42,0x00},//K
{0x7e,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00},//L
{0x7e,0x30,0x30,0x7e,0x00},//M
{0x7e,0x30,0x0c,0x7e,0x00},//N
{0x3c,0x42,0x42,0x3c,0x00},//O
{0x7e,0x48,0x48,0x30,0x00},//P
{0x3c,0x46,0x42,0x3d,0x00},//Q
{0x7e,0x48,0x4c,0x32,0x00},//R
{0x24,0x52,0x4a,0x24,0x00},//S
{0x00,0x40,0x7e,0x40,0x00},//T
{0x7c,0x02,0x02,0x7c,0x00},//U
{0x78,0x06,0x06,0x78,0x00},//V
{0x7e,0x0c,0x0c,0x7e,0x00},//W
{0x66,0x18,0x18,0x66,0x00},//X
{0x00,0x70,0x0e,0x70,0x00},//Y
{0x46,0x4a,0x52,0x62,0x00},//Z
{0x00,0x7e,0x42,0x42,0x00},//[
{0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x00},//"\"
{0x00,0x42,0x42,0x7e,0x00},//]
{0x00,0x20,0x40,0x20,0x00},//^
{0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00},//_
{0x00,0x40,0x20,0x00,0x00},//`
{0x0c,0x12,0x14,0x1e,0x00},//a
{0x7e,0x12,0x12,0x0c,0x00},//b
{0x0c,0x12,0x12,0x00,0x00},//c
{0x0c,0x12,0x12,0x7e,0x00},//d
{0x0c,0x16,0x1a,0x08,0x00},//e
{0x08,0x3e,0x48,0x20,0x00},//f
{0x0a,0x15,0x15,0x19,0x00},//g
{0x7e,0x10,0x10,0x0e,0x00},//h
{0x00,0x12,0x5e,0x02,0x00},//i
{0x00,0x02,0x01,0x5e,0x00},//j
{0x7e,0x08,0x14,0x02,0x00},//k
{0x00,0x42,0x7e,0x02,0x00},//l
{0x1e,0x08,0x18,0x0e,0x00},//m
{0x1e,0x10,0x10,0x0e,0x00},//n
{0x0c,0x12,0x12,0x0c,0x00},//o
{0x1f,0x12,0x12,0x0c,0x00},//p
{0x0c,0x12,0x12,0x1f,0x00},//q
{0x1e,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x00},//r
{0x0a,0x1a,0x16,0x14,0x00},//s
{0x10,0x7c,0x12,0x02,0x00},//t
{0x1c,0x02,0x02,0x1e,0x00},//u
{0x00,0x1c,0x02,0x1c,0x00},//v
{0x1e,0x06,0x06,0x1e,0x00},//w

{0x12,0x0c,0x0c,0x12,0x00},//x
{0x18,0x05,0x02,0x1c,0x00},//y
{0x12,0x16,0x1a,0x12,0x00},//z
{0x00,0x10,0x3c,0x42,0x00},//{
{0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00},//|
{0x00,0x42,0x3c,0x10,0x00},//}
{0x20,0x40,0x20,0x40,0x00},//~
};