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or process; but due to that specialization, you may never have seen or used one. It is, nonetheless, a keystone to the organized early development of any complex process and a valuable record of that process for strategic planning. They are invaluable project scope definition tools. These schematic representations are used by corporate managers, strategic planners, process designers and even regulatory agencies because they deal with the larger, macro information: "this much raw material is converted to this much product using this energy in these forms", all on a few neat and tidy drawing sheets and tables. In this chapter we will tend to refer to PFDs in a project or specific process context, buy they are used as much to record the function of an entire plant in a concise manner appropriate for purposes that dont require piping and control details. A PFD is the fundamental representation of a process that schematically depicts the conversion of raw materials into finished products without delving into the details of how that conversion occurs. It defines the flow of material and utilities such as water and electric power; it defines the basic functional relationships between major pieces of equipment. The PFD defines the capability of a system by listing minimum, normal and maximum conditions. They include rangers of flow, pressure, temperature, and possibly some other defining parameter for that process. PDFs are closely associated with material balances which are used to determine the raw material and utilities needed to achieve a desired result or product. A material balance is also referred to as a mass balance. PFDs can provide or infer information related to an energy balance as well; as it relates to utilities needed to perform the materials conversion. A material balance in mass units is preferred; engineering calculations at this macro level are typically done in mas units rather than engineering units, that is, pounds per hour rather than gallons per minute. The material balance starts with a mass calculation performed for a number of conditions; minimum, probably a few normal and the maximum conditions. The drawing that tha t ends up as the PFD records the results of those calculations which then serves to define the amount of product a product or facility will produce and the resources and utilities that are needed to achieve that desired result. These calculations dont address the specifics or pipe sizing, or process measurements or controls; instead they focus on how to achieve the end results without addressing the minutia of each step.
El balance de materia se inicia con un clculo de masas realizado para una serie de condiciones; mnimo, probablemente algunos " normal" y las condiciones mximas. El dibujo que eso termina como el PFD registra los resultados de esos clculos que luego sirve para definir la cantidad de producto de un producto o instalacin producirn y los recursos y servicios bsicos que se requieren para lograr ese resultado deseado. Estos clculos no se refieren a las caractersticas especficas o tamao de la tubera, o mediciones o controles de proceso , sino que se centran en cmo lograr el resultado final sin tener en cuenta los pequeos detalles de cada paso.