Cu 1: So vi cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, lp trnh ha LabVIEW c u im c bit g? 1.

. Tnh trc quan ca ngn ng ny nm ch thay v phi vit nhng dng lnh bng ch v s nh cc ngn ng lp trnh truyn thng. Cc cu lnh ca LabVIEW c lp trnh bng vic ko th cc Icon v ni dy trong mi trng pht trin m ngun. Cc icon, cc SubVI, cc dy ni c mu sc sc s. 2. Cng c g li c thc thi, tng tc mt cch trc quan. V hot ng ca chng trnh vit bng LabVIEW tun theo nguyn tc dng d liu (Data flow) nn cc gi tr u vo v u ra ca mt hm LabVIEW c truyn i trn cc dy ni. Khi cn kim tra mt gi tr ca mt bin no , mt v tr xc nh, ti mt thi im no th n gin l ch cn t cng c g li ca LabVIEW (Probes) ln dy ni bin ti im cn kim l xong. 3. d ng t hp gia LabView vi cc ngn ng p trnh hc. 4. n gi n ha vi cc tc v bc th p v c th can thip u v o m ngun. C th t ng th c thi r t nhiu nhng tc v m nu v i cc ngn ng p trnh truyn thng th ngi p trnh phi t mnh m y. V d nh v n ch nh b nh th bn phi u t i v n khai bo b nh tr c khi s dng v ng i khi khng cn cn thit na. Bn phi cn nhc ch nh b nh cho cc bin v s gp nhiu kh khn trong vic g i nu gp phi v n ny khi m vic v i ngn ng p trnh truyn thng. Tuy nhin, v i G code th bn b qua nhng v n ny v G t ng m y. B nh t ng c ch nh mi khi cc dng d iu truyn n cc bin (cc incon) v khi dng d iu i khi th b nh cng t ng c gii thot. Bn ch phi tp trung gii quyt cc v n phc tp hn, chnh yu hn ca p trnh. Nu bn mun can thip vo vic s dng b nh trong G code c p kim sot th p th ngn ng G cng cho bn can thip vo vic kim sot, khng ch b nh thng qua cc k thut p trnh nng cao.. 5. 6. h n ng t n i vi thit b ngo i vi t t Mt li ch ca LabVIEW trn cc mi trng pht trin khc l s h tr rng ri cho truy cp vo phn cng thit b o c Cho php thc hin cc thut ton iu khin nh PI , Logic m (Fuzzy Logic , X nh mt cch nhanh chng thng qua cc chc n ng tch hp sn trong LabVIEW Nhiu th vin vi mt s ng ln cc chc n ng thu thp d liu, h tn hiu, ton hc, thng k, iu ha tn hiu, phn tch..., cng v i giao din ha r t nhiu yu t c cung c p trong mt s l a chn gi LabVIEW Thuc tnh m-un ca m LabVIEW cho php ti s dng m khng cn s a i: min l cc loi d liu ca u vo v u ra ph hp, hai chng trnh VIs c hon i cho nhau. u 2: u im v nhc im ca LabVIEW l g?

7.

8.

T suy lun cu ny kh. C u 3: LabVIEW c s dng nhiu trong cc nh vc no?

Ch t nu thi trc nghim : ng dng o ng

in hnh ( theo ngi o n

LabVIEW c s dng trong cc nh v c o ng, t ng ha, c in t, robotics, vt , ton hc, sinh hc, vt iu, t, vv. Nhn chung: LabVIEW gip k s kt ni b t k cm bin, v b t k c c u ch p hnh no v i my tnh. - LabVIEW c th c s dng x cc kiu d iu nh tn hiu tng t (ana og), tn hiu s (digita ) hnh nh (vision), m thanh (audio), vv. - LabVIEW h tr cc giao thc giao tip khc nhau nh RS232, RS485, TCP / IP, PCI, PXI, v nh vy. - Bn cng c th to ra cc th c thi c p v cc th vin chia s (v d th vin in kt ng DLL), bi v LabVIEW mt trnh bin dch 32-bit. LabVIEW tr nn ph bin cc phng th nghim cc quc gia pht trin, . Phn ny trnh by mt s ng dng ca LabVIEW tiu biu trong cc nh v c khc nhau. ng dng o ng, trong hnh 1.2 giao din thu thp d iu cc thng tin cn thit ca tu v tr c nh ti c quan hng khng v v tr NASA, Hoa K.

Hnh 1. 2. Thu thp d liu ti C quan hng khng v v tr - NASA ng dng hnh 1.3 ny gi i thiu p dng ca vic s dng LabVIEW v card Hocde am USB 9001 hoc NI USB 6008 th c hin o tn hiu, v biu c tuyn cc cm bin trong t v th c nghim thut ton chuyn i cm bin nhm h gi thnh sa cha xe t. ng dng ny c th c hin ti i hc S phm K thut Tp.HCM nm 2008.

Hnh 1.3 Thu thp d liu t cm bin o gi trong t v th nghim thut ton chuyn i cm bin iu hin xe t t xa, hnh 1.4 giao din iu khin t by ch (xe Captiva ) t xa c th c hin bi thnh vin Hocde am Group ti phng th nghim Biorobotics, Hn Quc. Giao din ny hon ton c xy d ng trong mi trng p trnh LabVIEW c kh nng hin th cc thng s v tn hiu th c nh: vn tc xe, m c xng, v tr tay s ca xe, video truyn t xe qua mng khng dy, m thanh t ng c t thun v i v tr b m ga cng c gi p m cho vic iu khin xe t xa ging v i vic i xe tr c tip nhm nng cao ch t ng iu khin xe.

Hnh 1.4 Giao din li t t xa M phng 3 , hnh 1.5 m t ng dng m phng mt cnh tay robot n gin do Thc s Trung Hiu th c hin.

Hnh 1.5: iu khin tay Robot iu hin phng tin hng ngi i, hnh 1.6 m t ng dng LabVIEW iu khin robot khng ngi i nhm d tm v khm ph d i n c ca tp on Nexans.

Hnh 1.6 Robot di nc (Spider) c pht trin da trn ca cng ty Nexans Thu thp hnh nh v m phng ng c hc, hnh 1.7 trnh by ng dng m phng h thng i khng trc i trong t. ng thi, hnh nh t webcam (webcam thng thng gn qua cng USB) c thu thp v a n giao din ngi dng (Graphica User Interface GUI). Xem chi tit ti ny bng cch search goog e cm t sau: Steer-ByWire Systems with Rea istic Steering Fee . Xem video c ip Steer-by-wire.avi v file SteerBy-Wire Systems with Realistic Steering Feel.pdf trong CD km theo sch ny.

Hnh 1.7 H thng li khng trc li ti phng th nghim Biorobotics, KUT, Hn Quc Thut ton iu hin t ng v tr ng c C theo thut ton PI v giao din trc quan trong hnh 1.8 c Hocde am Group vit d a trn c s phn mm LabVIEW. V i giao din ny, ngi iu khin s d dng quan st gi tr v tr mong mun, v v tr th c t ca ng c, ng thi, so snh v nh gi c tc p ng, n nh ca ng c DC trong qu trnh vn hnh.

Hnh 1.8 iu khin ng c DC theo thut ton PID

o ng, gim t v iu hin h th ng cng nghip (SCADA), hnh 1.9 trnh by ng dng ca LabVIEW trong h thng iu khin v gim st dng trong cng nghip.

Hnh 1.9: o lng, gim st v iu khin trong cng nghip Cu 4: Trong LabVIEW, control l g? indicator l g? Control l nhp d liu => Input Indicator l xu t d liu => output

Control l cc i tng c t trn Front Pane cung c p d liu cho chng trnh. N tng t nh u vo cung c p d liu. Indicator l i tng c t trn Front Pane dng hin th kt qu, n tng t nh b phn u ra ca chng trnh. C u 5: nh d ng file m ngun trong LabVIEW

Khng hiu r cu ny lm nhng theo ngi son: Khi ta save file li nh dng l VI,VIT Cn cao hn C th thy hi v ngn Graphical anh em v t tm hiu thm Cu 6: Mt chng trnh LabVIEW gm nhng thnh phn no? Mt chng trnh trong LabView gm hai phn chnh: mt l giao din v i ngi s dng (Front Panel), hai l giao din dng s khi cung c p m ngun (Block Diagram) v cc biu tng kt ni (Icon/Connector). 1. Front panel l mt pane tng t nh pane ca thit b th c t. V d cc nt b m, nt bt, cc th v cc b iu khin. T Front Pane ngi dng chy v quan st kt qu c th dng chut, bn phm a d liu vo sau cho chng trnh chy v quan st. Front Pane thng gm cc b iu khin (Control) v cc b hin th (Indicator). 2. Block diagram ca mt VI l mt s c xy d ng trong mi trng LabVIEW, n c th gm nhiu i tng v cc hm khc nhau to cc c u trc lnh chng trnh th c hin. Block Diagram l mt m ngun ha ca mt VI. Cc i tng

trn Front Pane c th hin bng cc thit b u cui trn Block Diagram, khng th loi b cc thit b u cui trn Block Diagram. Cc thit b u cui ch m t i sau khi oi b i tng tng ng trn Front panel. C u trc ca mt Block Diagram gm cc thit b u cu i (Terminal), nt (Node) v cc dy n i (wire). 3. Icon (biu tng): l biu tng ca VI, c s dng khi t mt VI mun s dng chc nng ca mt VI khc. Khi VI c gi SubVI, n tng ng nh mt chng trnh con trong cc ngn ng khc. 4. Connector (u n i): l mt phn t ca Termina dng ni cc u vo v u ra ca cc VI v i nhau khi s dng. Mi VI c mt Icon mc nh hin th trong bng Icon gc trn bn phi ca s Front Palette v Block Diagram. Cu 7: Kiu d liu trong LabVIEW Double Precision, Unsigned Byte, Integer, Byte, Word, vv Ti liu ca thy:

Kiu Numeric dng Float (s 64 bit du phy ng) l kiu bin c di gi tr ln nht, vi chnh xc cao nht nhng tn nhiu dung lng chng trnh nht Cc kiu Numeric Integer: Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64 (s nguyn 8, 16, 32, 64 bit) v U8, U16, U32, U64 (s nguyn khng du 8,16,32,64 bit) Ngi vit.

C ch U l s nguyn c d u

C ch I l s nguyn khng d u

Extended-precision (EXT) kiu s dng d u ch m ng 128 bit Double-precision (DBL) kiu s dng d u ch m ng 64 bit Single-precision (SGL) kiu s dng d u ch m ng 32 bit Fixed-Point (FXP) kh ni cng chng hiu nn t tm hiu CXT-256 bit CDB-128 bit CSG-64 bit 3-Kiu ny l s phc-mun bit th xem ting anh

Ti liu ca hang

data type in a different way.

Terminal Numeric Data Type Bits of Storage on Disk Approximate Number of Decimal Digits Approximate Range

Single-precision, floating-point

32

Minimum positive number: 1.40e 45 Maximum positive number: 3.40e+38 Minimum negative number: 1.40e45 Maximum negative number: 3.40e+38

Double-precision, floating-point

64

15

Minimum positive number: 4.94e 324 Maximum positive number: 1.79e+308 Minimum negative number: 4.94e324 Maximum negative number: 1.79e+308

Extended-precision, floating-point

128

varies from 15 to 20 by platform

Minimum positive number: 6.48e 4966 Maximum positive number: 1.19e+4932 Minimum negative number: 6.48e4966 Maximum negative number: 1.19e+4932

Complex singleprecision, floatingpoint Complex doubleprecision, floatingpoint Complex extendedprecision, floatingpoint Fixed-point

64

Same as single-precision, floatingpoint for each (real and imaginary) part Same as double-precision, floating-point for each (real and imaginary) part Same as extended-precision, floating-point for each (real and imaginary) part varies by user configuration

128

15

256

varies from 15 to 20 by platform varies by user configuration 2 4 9 18 2 4 9

64, or 72 if youinclude an overflow status 8

Byte signed integer

128 to 127 32,768 to 32,767 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 1e19 to 1e19 0 to 255 0 to 65,535 0 to 4,294,967,295

Word signed integer 16 Long signed integer 32

Quad signed integer 64 Byte unsigned integer Word unsigned integer Long unsigned integer 8 16 32

Quad unsigned integer 128-bit time stamp

64 128

19 19

0 to 2e19 Minimum time: 01/01/1600 00:00:00 UTC maximum time: 01/01/3001 00:00:00 UTC

Cu 8: Hm Simulated signal, select, while loop, case structure, formula node trong LabVIEW 1 Hm Simulated signal C 4 loi xung in hnh: Sin,Square(vung),DC,triangle(tam gic), Sawtooth(rng ca)

C b n l th hng c sch rt chc

2.select

Nu thi bng 7 th => xu t hin ch u, bn di xu t hin 100

Nu thi nh hn 5 th => xu t hin ch Rt, bn di xu t hin 50

3. while loop

4. case structure

5. formula node Hm ny dng c u im ta khng phi tnh ton g nhiu in cng thc vo l c kt qu

C u 9: Cc php ton c b n trong LabVIEW, php chia ht, c n, tr tuyt i, vv Ch php chia l y d

Cu 10: in t c bn, in p, dng in, hin tng cm ng in t, nh lut Ohm (ng dng trong lp trnh) Qu rng thua! Cu 11: Kiu tn hiu s , tng t Tn hiu ana og tn hiu c gi tr thay i in tc theo thi gian, th biu din tn hiu ana og mt ng in tc (vd: ng c dng hnh sin, cos, ). Ana og c ngha l tng t , tn hiu c sau c dng tng t nh c tr c , tng t y khng c ngha y chang m tng t v bn ch t tn hiu, nhng khc v cng gia tn hiu c tr c v lc sau.

Th th THTT u, c th nhn, s, hoc cm nhn c khng? Trong cc thit b in t th THTT dng in; trong cuc sng th THTT m thanh, nh sng, nhit , m; trong vin thng th THTT sng in t; igita igna / Tn hiu / Tn hiu digita / THS

THS tn hiu c y mu (samp ing) t tn hiu tng t , ng t ha(quantization) v m ha (encoding). T t nhin cc tn hiu ny ch x p x bng cc tn hiu tng t ban u.

Hnh 2: Tn hiu s THS tn hiu ri rc theo thi gian, c dng biu din d iu d i dng cc con s. V d, thi tit hm qua 25 , hm nay 27.5 . 25 v 27.5 chnh biu hin ca tn hiu s, v t t nhin chng ta cng th y un s ri rc ca oi tn hiu ny.

Nh vy THS chng qua ch mt chui bit biu din cho mt gi tr ana og (gi tr ca tn hiu tng t ) ti mt thi im no . Tn hiu s l mt tn hiu trong cc thng tin ban u c chuyn i thnh mt chui cc bit tr c khi c truyn. Tn hiu bao gm ch hai trng thi, c din t l on hoc off, hay l 0 hoc 1. Trn card l trng thi 5v-0n v 0v-0ff. Cu 12: M ch n i tip, m ch ong ong trong in mt chiu

Mch in in Tr

</math>

T in
Mc Ni Tip Khi mc ni tip 2 t in cng gi tr li v i nhau , tng in dung s gim cn mt na ca in dung . in th s g p i

Mc Song Song Khi mc hai t in c cng gi tr song song v i nhau, Tng in Dung s tng g p i in dung . in th s gim mt na

Cu 13: Chc nng vo ra dng s (DI v DO hoc SW), PWM, AI, vv

Cu 14: Cc thnh phn c b n ca h th ng c in t C m bin Nhiu loi dng nhn bit s thay i ca mi trng bn ngoi Phn iu khin Phn cng+phn mm Phn cng vi iu khin Phn mm l thut ton C c u ch p hnh Led Motor DC Van t

Cu 15: C m bin

g? C c u ch p hnh l g ?

c m bin l thit b in t cm nhn nhng thay i t mi trng bn ngoi v bin i thnh cc tn hiu in iu khin cc thit b khc. Cm bin l mt trong ba thnh phn c bn ca h thng iu khin.C nhiu loi cm bin khc nhau nh cm bin nhit, cm bin quang, cm bin hng ngoi,... c c u ch p hnh l thit b in t to ra s thay i v v c, quang, in Cu 16: H th ng iu khin phun x ng in t c b n gm thnh phn no? m t chc n ng cc th nh phn.

INPUT (SENSORS)

OUTPUT (ACTUATORS)

Toc o ong c Tai ong c (MAP) Nhiet o nc lam mat

E
C

Kim phun nhien lieu

Nhiet o kh nap Nhiet o nhien lieu V tr bm ga Cam bien oxy ien ap accu Cac cam bien khac

He thong anh la

ieu khien cam chng

He thong chan oan

ieu khien hon hp cam chng

ieu khien toc o cam chng

He thong cap kh

Cam bien lu lng gio

Cam bien bm ga

ONG C

Cac cam bien khac

ECU

Kim phun nhien lieu

He thong cap nhien lieu

C u 17: Cc bc thc hin thu thp d liu vi c m bin: nhit , nh sng (quang tr), bin tr, vv

C u 18: iu khin t ng theo thut ton PID B iu khin PID l mt b iu khin vng kn c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip. S dng b iu khin PID iu chnh sai lch gia gi tr o c ca h thng (process variable) v i gi tr t (setpoint) bng cch tnh ton v iu chnh gi tr iu khin ng ra. S mt h thng iu khin dng PID:

Hnh 1 S h thng iu khin dng PID

Mt b iu khin PID gm 3 thnh phn: P (proportional) to tn hiu iu khin t l v i sai lch (error e), I (integral) to tn hiu iu khin t l v i tch phn theo thi gian ca sai lch, v D (derivative) to tn hiu iu khin t l v i vi phn theo thi gian ca sai lch. Cu 19: Khu P, I v D ca thut ton PI c c im g? 1.1. Khu P: Khu P t o ra tn hiu iu khin t l vi gi tr ca sai lch. Vic ny c th c hin bng cch nhn sai lch e v i hng s KP gi l hng s t l. Khu P c tnh d a trn cng thc:

V i:

Pout: gi tr ng ra KP: hng s t l e: sai lch: e = SP PV

S khi ca khu P:

Hm truyn:

Gp (s) = K p

Nu ch c khu P th trong mi trng hp sai s tnh un xu t hin, tr khi gi tr u vo ca h thng bng 0 hoc bng v i gi tr mong mun. Trong hnh sau th hin sai s tnh xu t hin khi thay i gi tr t.

Hnh 2 p ng ca khu P Nu gi tr khu P qu l n s lm cho h thng m t n nh. 1.2. Khu I: Khu I cng thm tng cc sai s trc v o gi tr iu khin. Vic tnh tng cc sai s c thc hin lin tc cho n khi gi tr t c bng vi gi tr t, v kt qu l khi h cn bng th sai s bng 0. Khu I c tnh theo cng thc:

V i: IOUT: gi tr ng ra khu I Ki: h s tch phn e: sai s: e = SP PV S khi khu I:

Hm truyn:

G(s) =

U(s) K I 1 = = E(s) s TI.s

Khu I thng i km v i khu P, hp thnh b iu khin PI. Nu ch s dng khu I th p ng ca h thng s chm v thng b dao ng. Hnh sau ch ra s khc bit gia khu I v PI:

Hnh 3 p ng ca khu I v PI

Ta c th nhn th y l khu I m cho p ng ca h thng b chm i r t nhiu, cn khu PI gip trit tiu sai s xc lp. 1.3. Khu D: Khu D cng thm t c thay i sai s vo gi tr iu khin ng ra. Nu sai s thay i nhanh th s t o ra thnh phn cng thm vo gi tr iu khin iu ny c i thin p ng ca h th ng, gip tr ng thi ca h th ng thay i nhanh chng v mau chng t c gi tr mong mu n. Khu D c tnh theo cng thc:

V i: DOUT: ng ra khu D KD: h s vi phn e: sai s: e = SP PV S khi khu D:

Hm truyn:
G( s) U ( s) Kd s E ( s)

Khu D thng i km v i khu P thnh b PD, hoc v i PI thnh b PID.

Hnh 4 p ng ca khu D v PD Theo hnh trn, b PD to p ng c thi gian tng trng nh hn so v i b P. Nu gi tr D qu l n s lm cho h thng khng n nh Cu 20: C u trc chung ca h th ng thu thp v iu khin thit b vi my tnh

Resource name: tn thit b card Configure/ inita ize: nh li thit b card

Task: vit chng trnh Execute: th c hin Error check: kim tra li C ose port: ng port Xem video Cu 21: Gi s c 3 LED n i tip vi nhau c iu khin bt/tt bi mt transitor

C u 22: Tnh ton c b n in p v dng in cho thit b in trong m ch in mt chiu

C u 23: C tnh ton ngun c p cho m ch in t c b n (V d: m ch iu khin cc LED) Tnh ton in tr u n i ed

Tnh in tr hn dng cho led Nh ti cp khng th u ni tr c tip mt ed v ngun m phi dng mt in tr hn dng. Chng ta s i chi tit cch tnh gi tr in tr ny. Cng thc: R = (Vs- VL) / I Vs : L in p ngun VL : L in p ri trn ed. Thng khong 2V v trn 2V cho ed mu xanh da tri v ed trng. I : L dng chy qua ed. Thng t 10-20 mA ph thuc vo thng s k thut ca con ed . Nhng thng th kt qu khng th tm ra gi tr in tr nh tnh ton, tt hn bn nn chn in tr c gi tr n hn gn nh t gim dng qua ed, nhng nh th ed s t sng hn. Hoc nu tm th y mt in tr c gi tr th p hn nhng khng nhiu, bn c th chn

nhng phi cn nhc k nh. V c ny dng qua ed t t nhin nhanh hng. t n i nhiu ed iu n i tip:

n hn tnh ton v ed s r t sng v

Bn c th kt ni nhiu ed kiu ni tip nh hnh bn. V dng chnh ci ngun nh u 1 ed vy nhng c ny phi tnh ton i gi tr in tr hn dng. Do cch u ni tip cc ed nn dng chy qua 3 ed nh nhau, v th ta dng 3 con ed cng oi tt nh t. Gi s in p ri trn ed 2V th 3 con s 3 x 2 = 6V. Gi tr in tr c ny : R = (Vs- 6) / I C u 24: Phng php tnh tch ph n trong i s v c n o tnh tch phn s trong LabVIEW Phng php tch ph n!
Bi ton din tch hnh thang cong

Cho hm s y = f(x) lin tc, n iu v khng m trn on [a; b]. Xt hnh thang ABCD c gi i hn bi cc ng thng x = a, x = b, trc Ox v ng cong y = f(x). Ta chia on [a; b] mt cch ty thnh n on nh bi cc im chia Trn mi on nh c chia [xi-1, xi] ta d ng mt hnh ch nht v i chiu rng l nht trn l: v chiu cao l (v i ). Tng din tch ca n hnh ch

(chnh l din tch hnh bc thang nh hnh v H 3.1).

Nhn xt: Din tch ca hnh bc thang gn bng din tch ca hnh thang cong ABCD khi n cng n v cc on c chia cng nh. Do din tch S ca hnh thang ABCD cho l:

b Hiu n gi n: a f ( x)dx x a

i (b a) n

Cu 25: Cc chc nng c ADC ca mt mch giao tip my tnh thng thng (nh card NI USB 600x, Advantech USB xx, Hocde am USB 9090, vv)

Cu 26: Chc n ng ca NI VISA, cc driver km theo thit b phn cng, LabVIEW, LabVIEW Runtime. NI-VISA l cng c Labview hiu c cc cng giao tip RS232,USB,PCI Driver km theo thit b phn cng gip WIN hay Labview giao tip thit b phn cng. Cu 27: Xu t tn hiu iu khin on/off, tuyn tnh t cc mch in v i my tnh.

Cu 28: Thanh ghi d ch (Shift-register) trong LabVIEW