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KAD]JTE^LDJA l TL]TAkADJA HE HPETEDR \EH_VLTHP^L DL ]LDdPJA VLDDEf
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ZVADDE\E XEHPLDE^NADJA[ XTL^JPANOHP^L +: EP 7 JmDd 2002 \. e395 (^
TAVLSKJJ XEHPLDE^NADJd XTL^JPANOHP^L +: EP 03.10.2002 \. e731).
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DJd J _HNE^Jd ^RVL@J NJKAD]Jf DL EH_nAHP^NADJA EKADE@DEf VAdPANODEHPJ
J EGTAVANdAP, @PE NJKAD]JTE^LDJA EKADE@DEf VAdPANODEHPJ EH_nAHP^NdAP
JDJHPATHP^E J[_nAHP^ADDRi EPDEkADJf +EHHJfHSEf :AVATLKJJ (NJKAD-
]JT_A[Rf ET\LD).
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11
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cET[A NJKAD]JTE^LDJd.
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^ADDEf HJHPA[A GATHEDLNODEf EP^APHP^ADDEHPJ ]L SL@AHP^E EKADSJ. % 2006
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DJd c_DVL[ADPLNODRi GEDdPJf, EPDEHdnJiHd S EKADSA J[_nAHP^L, J GTAV-
NL\LmP EHDE^DRA GTJDKJGR EH_nAHP^NADJd EKADE@DEf VAdPANODEHPJ.
%JHPA[L HPLDVLTPE^ EKADSJ, d^NddHO DAEPoA[NA[Ef @LHPOm DET[L-
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PLSZA AA TA]_NOPLPL[;
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XTJ[ADADJm DL PATTJPETJJ +EHHJfHSEf :AVATLKJJ GEVNAZLP:
1. AZV_DLTEVDRA HPLDVLTPR EKADSJ, J]VL^LA[RA AZV_DLTEVDR[
SE[JPAPE[ GE HPLDVLTPL[ EKADSJ J[_nAHP^L (International Valuation Stan-
darts Committee - IVSC), ECoAVJDdmnJ[ GTEcAHHJEDLNODRA ET\LDJ]LKJJ
EKADnJSE^ CENAA @A[ 50 HPTLD [JTL (+: ^ VLDDEf ET\LDJ]LKJJ GTAVHPL^-
NdAP +EHHJfHSEA ECnAHP^E EKADnJSE^).
2. )^TEGAfHSJA HPLDVLTPR EKADSJ, TL]TLCLPR^LA[RA )^TEGAfHSEf
>T_GGEf 2HHEKJLKJf EKADnJSE^ (The European Group of Valuuers Associa-
tions - TEGOVA). uNADL[J TEGOVA d^NdmPHd GTEcAHHJEDLNODRA EKADE@-
DRA ET\LDJ]LKJJ )^TEGAfHSE\E HEm]L H LSPJ^DR[ J ^E]TLHPLmnJ[ _@LHPJ-
A[ GLTPDATE^ J] HPTLD <ADPTLNODEf J -EHPE@DEf )^TEGR, ^SNm@Ld +EHHJm
(+EHHJfHSEA ECnAHP^E EKADnJSE^).
12
3. #LKJEDLNODRA HPLDVLTPR EKADSJ, ^ @LHPDEHPJ %PLDVLTPR EKADSJ,
ECd]LPANODRA S GTJ[ADADJm H_CoASPL[J EKADE@DEf VAdPANODEHPJ (_P^AT-
ZVADR XEHPLDE^NADJA[ XTL^JPANOHP^L +EHHJfHSEf :AVATLKJJ EP 6 JmNd
2001 \EVL e 519). 'TACE^LDJd HPLDVLTPE^ d^NdmPHd ECd]LPANODR[J GTJ
EGTAVANADJJ ^JVL HPEJ[EHPJ ECoASPL EKADSJ, GEViEVE^ S EKADSA J [APEVE^
EKADSJ, L PLSZA GTJ GTE^AVADJJ EKADSJ.
4. -D_PTADDJA HPLDVLTPR (GTL^JNL) EKADE@DEf VAdPANODEHPJ, _P^AT-
ZVLA[RA HL[ETA\_NJT_A[R[J ET\LDJ]LKJd[J EKADnJSE^ ^ HEEP^APHP^JJ H
#LKJEDLNODR[J HPLDVLTPL[J EKADSJ, ECd]LPANODRA S JHGENDADJm @NADL[J
HL[ETA\_NJT_A[Ef ET\LDJ]LKJJ.

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PRi HPTLDLi HNEZJNLHO VL^DE J GTJH_PHP^_AP GTLSPJ@AHSJ ^E ^HAi ECNLHPdi
ECnAHP^ADDEf ZJ]DJ.
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13
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24
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26
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27
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29
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HPEJ[EHPJW. %E\NLHDE :AVATLNODE[_ 4LSED_ +: Q/C EKADE@DEf VAdPANO-
DEHPJ ^ +EHHJfHSEf :AVATLKJJW (HPLPOd 3) 'C2%62"; 4%/$%4@ l DLJCE-
NAA ^ATEdPDLd KADL, GE SEPETEf VLDDRf ECoASP EKADSJ [EZAP CRPO EP@_Z-
VAD DL EPSTRPE[ TRDSA ^ _HNE^Jdi SEDS_TADKJJ, SE\VL HPETEDR HVANSJ
VAfHP^_mP TL]_[DE, TLHGENL\Ld ^HAf DAECiEVJ[Ef JDcET[LKJAf, L DL ^A-
NJ@JDA KADR HVANSJ DA EPTLZLmPHd SLSJA-NJCE @TA]^R@LfDRA ECHPEdPANO-
HP^L, P.A. SE\VL:
- EVDL J] HPETED HVANSJ DA ECd]LDL EP@_ZVLPO ECoASP EKADSJ, L VT_-
\Ld HPETEDL DA ECd]LDL GTJDJ[LPO JHGENDADJA;
- HPETEDR HVANSJ iETEkE EH^AVE[NADR E GTAV[APA HVANSJ J VAfHP-
^_mP ^ H^EJi JDPATAHLi;
- ECoASP EKADSJ GTAVHPL^NAD DL EPSTRPE[ TRDSA GEHTAVHP^E[ G_C-
NJ@DEf EcATPR, PJGJ@DEf VNd LDLNE\J@DRi ECoASPE^ EKADSJ;
- KADL HVANSJ GTAVHPL^NdAP HECEf TL]_[DEA ^E]DL\TLZVADJA ]L ECo-
ASP EKADSJ J GTJD_ZVADJd S HE^ATkADJm HVANSJ ^ EPDEkADJJ HPETED
HVANSJ H @OAf-NJCE HPETEDR DA CRNE;
- GNLPAZ ]L ECoASP EKADSJ ^RTLZAD ^ VADAZDEf cET[A.
- EGTAVANADJJ VLDDE\E PAT[JDL DA GEVTL]_[A^LmPHd SLSEf CR PE DJ
CRN SEDSTAPDRf GTEVL^AK JNJ SEDSTAPDRf GES_GLPANO EKADJ^LA[E\E
J[_nAHP^L. +A@O JVAP E \JGEPAPJ@AHSEf HVANSA [AZV_ PJGJ@DR[ GTEVL^-
KE[ J PJGJ@DR[ GES_GLPANA[ l TAGTA]ADPLPJ^DR[J \JGEPAPJ@AHSJ[J _@L-
HPDJSL[J TRDSL, @OJ ^]\NdVR J H_ZVADJd iLTLSPATDR VNd CENOkJDHP^L TA-
LNODRi _@LHPDJSE^ TRDSL, DL SEPETE[ HE^ATkLAPHd aPL HVANSL.
- HN_@LA AHNJ ^ DET[LPJ^DE[ GTL^E^E[ LSPA, HEVATZLnA[ PTACE^L-
DJA ECd]LPANODE\E GTE^AVADJd EKADSJ SLSE\E-NJCE ECoASPL EKADSJ, NJCE ^
VE\E^ETA EC EKADSA ECoASPL EKADSJ DA EGTAVANAD SEDSTAPDRf ^JV HPEJ[E-
HPJ ECoASPL, _HPLDE^NADJm GEVNAZJP TRDE@DLd HPEJ[EHPO VLDDE\E ECoAS-
PL.
/GTAVANADJA ^JVE^ HPEJ[EHPJ, EPNJ@DRi EP TRDE@DEf HPEJ[EHPJ,
]LcJSHJTE^LDDRi ^ TEHHJfHSJi HPLDVLTPLi EKADSJ (_P^ATZVADR XEHPLDE^-
NADJA[ XTL^JPANOHP^L +: EP 6 JmNd 2001 \EVL e 519), GTAVHPL^NADR ^
PLCN. 4., SNLHHJcJSLKJd ^JVE^ DL TJH. 6.
38bB;H8 4
+;GI c:o;7oc:;, D:B;<CI5 D: UICD<CD@
+;GI =:D;7D=:; r8U8?:5U;=:;?8
1. %PoJ[ocPO ECoASPL
EKADSJ H E\TLDJ@ADDR[
TRDSE[
gPE HPoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ, GTEVLZL SEPETE\E DL EP-
STRPE[ TRDSA DA^E][EZDL JNJ PTAC_AP VEGENDJPANODRi ]L-
PTLP GE HTL^DADJm H ]LPTLPL[J, DAECiEVJ[R[J VNd GTEVL-
ZJ H^ECEVDE ECTLnLmnJiHd DL TRDSA PE^LTE^

2. %PoJ[ocPO ]L[AnADJd gPE H_[[L ]LPTLP DL HE]VLDJA ECoASPL, LDLNE\J@DE\E
ECoASP_ EKADSJ, ^ TRDE@DRi KADLi, H_nAHP^_mnJi DL VLP_
GTE^AVADJd EKADSJ, H _@APE[ J]DEHL ECoASPL EKADSJ
30

3. %PoJ[ocPO ^EHGTEJ]-
^EVHP^L
gPE H_[[L ]LPTLP ^ TRDE@DRi KADLi, H_nAHP^_mnJi DL
VLP_ GTE^AVADJd EKADSJ, DL HE]VLDJA ECoASPL, JVADPJ@DE\E
ECoASP_ EKADSJ, H GTJ[ADADJA[ JVADPJ@DRi [LPATJLNE^ J
PAiDENE\Jf, H _@APE[ J]DEHL ECoASPL EKADSJ

4. %PoJ[ocPO ECoASPL
EKADSJ GTJ H_nAHP^_m-
nA[ JHGENO]E^LDJJ
gPE cPoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ, EGTAVANdA[Ld JHiEVd J]
H_nAHP^_mnJi _HNE^Jf J KANJ A\E JHGENO]E^LDJd

5 "D^AHPJKJEDDLd
cPoJ[ocPO
gPE cPoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ, EGTAVANdA[Ld JHiEVd J]
A\E VEiEVDEHPJ VNd SEDSTAPDE\E NJKL GTJ ]LVLDDRi JD^A-
HPJKJEDDRi KANdi

6. %PoJ[ocPO ECoASPL
EKADSJ VNd KANAf DLNE-
\EECNEZADJd
gPE cPoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ, EGTAVANdA[Ld VNd JH@JH-
NADJd DLNE\E^Ef CL]R J TLHH@JPR^LA[Ld ^ HEEP^APHP^JJ H
GENEZADJd[J DET[LPJ^DRi GTL^E^Ri LSPE^ (^ PE[ @JHNA
JD^ADPLTJ]LKJEDDLd cPoJ[ocPO)

7. rJS^JVLKJEDDLd
cPoJ[ocPO
gPE cPoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ ^ HN_@LA, AHNJ ECoASP
EKADSJ VENZAD CRPO EP@_ZVAD ^ HTES [ADOkA ECR@DE\E
HTESL aSHGE]JKJJ LDLNE\J@DRi ECoASPE^

8. 7PJNJ]LKJEDDLd
cPoJ[ocPO
gPE cPoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ, TL^DLd TRDE@DEf
cPoJ[ocPJ [LPATJLNE^, SEPETRA ED ^ HACd ^SNm@LAP, H _@A-
PE[ ]LPTLP DL _PJNJ]LKJm ECoASPL EKADSJ
9. %GAKJLNODLd
cPoJ[ocPO
gPE cPoJ[ocPO, VNd EGTAVANADJd SEPETEf ^ VE\E^ETA EC
EKADSA JNJ DET[LPJ^DE[ GTL^E^E[ LSPA E\E^LTJ^LmPHd _H-
NE^Jd, DA ^SNm@ADDRA ^ GEDdPJA TRDE@DEf JNJ JDEf
cPoJ[ocPJ, _SL]LDDEf ^ HPLDVLTPLi EKADSJ

31


J;=.6. 'B8==;j;?8H;W F;GDF =:D;7D=:;

PJ-%"-PO "#%'- -/]o#13+(

'AETAPJ@AHSEf CL]Ef GTEKAHHL EKADSJ J EHDE^Ef LDLNJPJ@AHSEf
VAdPANODEHPJ EKADnJSL d^NdAPHd DLCET EKADE@DRi GTJDKJGE^ (TJH. 7 J
PLCN. 5). gPJ GTJDKJGR GTAVHPL^NdmP HECEf PTLSPE^S_ ECnAaSEDE[J@A-
HSJi ]LSEDE^ H GE]JKJf _@LHPDJSE^ TRDSL. /KADE@DRA GTJDKJGR ^]LJ[E-
H^d]LDR J ^ ECECnADDE[ ^JVA _DJ^ATHLNODR. - GTEKAHHA EKADSJ VENZDR
CRPO ]LVAfHP^E^LDR ^HA GTJDKJGR, DE HPAGADO Ji ]DL@J[EHPJ [EZAP TL]-
NJ@LPOHd. %PAGADO ]DL@J[EHPJ SLZVE\E GTJDKJGL EGTAVANdAPHd SEDSTAPDEf
HJP_LKJAf, HSNLVR^LmnAfHd GTJ EKADSA PE\E JNJ JDE\E J[_nAHP^L.


-";?
+-*O 13--
/13-
+ X8F;=;7D=:; D: =:5A5C; UI-
CD<CD=:;:
+RDE@DLd
%PoJ[ocPO ECoASPL EKADSJ H
E\TLDJ@ADDR[ TRDSE[
#ET[LPJ^DE-TLHH@JPLDDLd (VNd
KANAf DLNE\EECNEZADJd)
+ X8F;=;7D=:; D: H5B5@ DH5C?; ;
ADBCD:I DH5C;F857If AU8F:
%PEJ[EHPO ^ EC[ADA (TRDE@DLd, NJ-
^JVLKJEDDLd, _PJNJ]LKJEDDLd)
%PEJ[EHPO ^ GENO]E^LDJJ (JD^AHPJ-
KJEDDLd, CLNLDHE^Ld, HPEJ[EHPO VNd
KANAf DLNE\E-ECNEZADJd)
1 :D<?; XU5C;W b`fd8B-
:5U=?DdD `<5:8:
XAT^EDL@LNODLd
-EHHPLDE^JPANODLd
/HPLPE@DLd
+ X8F;=;7D=:; D: ADUWG?8 DH5C?;:
%PEJ[EHPO ^EHGTEJ]^EVHP^L
%PEJ[EHPO ]L[AnADJd
+ X8F;=;7D=:; D: H5B; DH5C?;:
+RDE@DLd
"D^AHPJKJEDDLd
7PJNJ]LKJEDDLd
rJS^JVLKJEDDLd
%PoJ[ocPO VNd KANAf DLNE\EECNEZADJd
XTJDKJGR, EHDE^LDDRA DL GTAVHPL^-
NADJdi GENO]E^LPANd:
GENA]DEHPO
]L[AnADJA
EZJVLDJA
32














J;=.7. -]LJ[EH^d]O GTJDKJGE^ EKADSJ J[_nAHP^L
'LCNJKL 5
PU;CH;AI DH5C?;

PU;CH;A r8U8?:5U;=:;?8
1. PDB5XCD=:; XENA]DEHPO l aPE HGEHECDEHPO ECoASPL HECHP^ADDEHPJ _VE^NA-
P^ETdPO GEPTACDEHPJ GENO]E^LPANd ^ VLDDE[ [AHPA J ^ PA@ADJA VLD-
DE\E GATJEVL. -HdSJf ECoASP HECHP^ADDEHPJ ECNLVLAP HPEJ[EHPOm,
AHNJ ED GENA]AD VNd TALNJ]LKJJ EGTAVANADDRi c_DSKJf JNJ NJ@DRi
GEPTACDEHPAf.

2. N875i5C;W 4LSNm@LAPHd ^ PE[, @PE [LSHJ[LNODLd KADL EKADJ^LA[E\E ECo-
ASPL EGTAVANdAPHd [JDJ[LNODEf H_[[Ef, ]L SEPET_m [EZAP CRPO
GTJECTAPAD VT_\Ef LDLNE\J@DRf ECoASP H aS^J^LNADPDEf GENA]DE-
HPOm. "HGENO]_APHd ^E ^HAi PTAi GEViEVLi:
-HTL^DJPANODE[ - PJGJ@DRf CNL\ETL]_[DRf GES_GLPANO DA ]L-
GNLPJP ]L ECoASP CENOkA, @A[ HPEJ[EHPO LDLNE\J@DE\E ECoASPL EVJ-
DLSE^Ef GENA]DEHPJ DL [AHPDE[ TRDSA.
-]LPTLPDE[ - GES_GLPANO DA C_VAP GNLPJPO ]L HECHP^ADDEHPO
CENOkA, @A[ HPEJ[EHPO HPTEJPANOHP^L DE^E\E ECoASPL EVJDLSE^Ef
GENA]DEHPJ.
-VEiEVDE[ l GTJ GTE\DE]A C_V_nJi VEiEVE^ HECHP^ADDJS C_VAP
_@JPR^LPO VEiEVDEHPO LDLNE\J@DRi ECoASPE^.
3. h;G8C;W /ZJVLDJA l aPE _HPLDE^NADJA PAS_nAf HPEJ[EHPJ VEiEVE^ JNJ
VT_\Ji ^R\EV, SEPETRA [E\_P CRPO GEN_@ADR ^ C_V_nA[ EP ^NLVADJd
HECHP^ADDEHPOm. /ZJVLDJA C_V_nJi ^R\EV H^d]LDE H ^ATEdPDEHPO
XTJDKJGR,
H^d]LDDRA H aSHGN_LPLKJAf HECHP^AD-
DEHPJ:
EHPLPE@DLd GTEV_SPJ^DEHPO
^SNLV
^E]TLHPLmnLd J _[ADOkLmnLdHd
EPVL@L
HCLNLDHJTE^LDDEHPO
EGPJ[LNODRf TL][AT
TL]VANADJA (ECoAVJDADJA) aNA[AD-
PE^ ECoASPL J GTL^ HECHP^ADDEHPJ
DL DA\E
XTJDKJGR,
H^d]LDDRA H TRDE@DEf
HTAVEf:
]L^JHJ[EHPO
HEEP^APHP^JA
HEEPDEkADJA GTAVNE-
ZADJd J HGTEHL
SEDS_TADKJd
J][ADADJA

PU;CH;A C8;B`<n5dD ; C8;bDB55
ljj5?:;FCDdD ;=ADBYXDF8C;W =Db-
=:F5CCD=:;
33
J][ADADJd Ji ^ANJ@JDR J iLTLSPATL, L aPE, ^ H^Em E@ATAVO, [EZAP
GE^NJdPO DL DLHPEdn_m HPEJ[EHPO HECHP^ADDEHPJ. - EHDE^A GTJDKJ-
GL NAZJP PAETJd J][ADADJd HPEJ[EHPJ ^E ^TA[ADJ.

4. *Db8FD<CD@ (D=:8-
:D<CD@) AUDG`?:;F-
CD=:; X57B;
>NLHJP, @PE ^ EHDE^A HPEJ[EHPJ ]A[NJ NAZJP AA EHPLPE@DLd (VE-
CL^E@DLd) GTEV_SPJ^DEHPO, SEPETLd EGTAVANdAPHd @JHPR[ VEiEVE[,
EPDEHdnJ[Hd S ]A[NA, GEHNA SE[GADHLKJJ ]LPTLP DL PT_V, SLGJPLN J
_GTL^NADJA. ;ECL^E@DLd GTEV_SPJ^DEHPO [EZAP J[APO [AHPE, GE-
HSENOS_ ]A[Nd GE]^ENdAP GEN_@LPO VEGENDJPANODRA VEiEVR ]L H@AP
[LSHJ[J]LKJJ ^RT_@SJ EP GTEVLZ, [JDJ[J]LKJJ J]VATZAS JNJ
_VE^NAP^ETADJd EHECRi GEPTACDEHPAf.

5. +?B8G8 >NLHJP, @PE ^ TA]_NOPLPA JD^AHPJKJf VENZAD CRPO GEN_@AD VE-
iEV, EHPLmnJfHd GEHNA GESTRPJd J]VATZAS. -SNLV l aPE H_[[L DL
SEPET_m _^ANJ@J^LAPHd JNJ _[ADOkLAPHd HPEJ[EHPO ECoASPL JNJ
@JHPRf VEiEV EP DA\E ^HNAVHP^JA DLNJ@Jd JNJ EPH_PHP^Jd SLSE\E-
NJCE cLSPETL GTEJ]^EVHP^L.

6. +DXU8=:8ki5@ ;
`75CYn8ki5@=W D:-
G8<;
%EHPEJP ^ PE[, @PE _^ANJ@ADJA SLGJPLNE^NEZADJf ^ EHDE^DRA
HEHPL^NdmnJA GTEJ]^EVHP^L EC_HNE^NJ^LAP _^ANJ@ADJA PA[GE^ TEH-
PL GTJCRNJ NJkO VE EGTAVANADDE\E GTAVANL, GEHNA SEPETE\E GTJTEHP
GTJCRNJ HPLDE^JPHd [ADOkA, @A[ GTJTEHP SLGJPLNE^NEZADJf. ;LD-
DRf GTAVAN HEEP^APHP^_AP [LSHJ[LNODEf HPEJ[EHPJ ECoASPL

7. 1b8B8C=;UDF8CCD-
=:; (b8B8C=8)
>NLHJP, @PE [LSHJ[LNODLd HPEJ[EHPO ECoASPL HECHP^ADDEHPJ
VEHPJ\LAPHd JNJ HEiTLDdAPHd (GEVVATZJ^LAPHd) PE\VL, SE\VL cLSPETR
GTEJ]^EVHP^L aSEDE[J@AHSJ HCLNLDHJTE^LDR.

8. A:;78BYCDdD
U8X75U8 (l?DCD7;<5-
=?DdD U8X75U8 U5=`U-
=8)
>NLHJP, @PE GTJ HNEZJ^kJiHd DL TRDSA PADVADKJdi CENOkJ[
HGTEHE[ GENO]_APHd EGTAVANADDLd (EGPJ[LNODLd) ^ANJ@JDL ECoASPL
HECHP^ADDEHPJ VLDDE\E PJGL.
9. J8XG5B5C;W (Dbc5-
G;C5C;W) lB575C:DF
Dbc5?:8 ; AU8F =Db-
=:F5CCD=:; C8 C5dD
>NLHJP, @PE J[_nAHP^ADDRA GTL^L DL HECHP^ADDEHPO HNAV_AP
TL]VANdPO J ECoAVJDdPO PLSJ[ ECTL]E[, @PE HPEJ[EHPO HECHP^ADDEHPJ
GTJ aPE[ _^ANJ@J^LNLHO. EZAP CRPO:
-cJ]J@AHSEA TL]VANADJA
-TL]VANADJA GE ^TA[ADJ ^NLVADJd;
-TL]VANADJA HE^ES_GDEHPJ J[_nAHP^ADDRi GTL^ HECHP^ADDEHPJ;
-TL]VANADJA J[_nAHP^ADDRi GTL^ HTAVJ _@LHPDJSE^;
-TL]VANADJA GE ]LNE\E^R[ GTL^L[.

10.N8F;=;7D=:; >NLHJP, @PE HPEJ[EHPO EKADJ^LA[Ef HECHP^ADDEHPJ ]L^JHJP EP
iLTLSPATL J HPEJ[EHPJ EST_ZLmnAf HECHP^ADDEHPJ.

11. 1DD:F5:=:F;W >NLHJP, @PE [LSHJ[LNODLd HPEJ[EHPO ^E]DJSLAP PE\VL, SE\VL
_TE^ADO LTiJPASP_TR. 7VECHP^, iLTLSPATL JHGENO]E^LDJd HECHP^AD-
DEHPJ HEEP^APHP^_AP GEPTACDEHPd[ J EZJVLDJd[ [AHPDE\E TRDSL.
12.1DD:CDn5C;W
=AUD=8 ; AU5GBDh5-
C;W
>NLHJP, @PE KADL HECHP^ADDEHPJ EGTAVANdAPHd ^]LJ[EVAfHP^JA[
HGTEHL J GTAVNEZADJd DL LDLNE\J@D_m HECHP^ADDEHPO DL VLDDE[
TRDSA.

13. 'DC?`U5CH;; >NLHJP, @PE SE\VL GTJCRNO DL TRDSA GTA^RkLAP _TE^ADO, DAEC-
34
iEVJ[Rf VNd EGNLPR cLSPETE^ GTEJ]^EVHP^L, SEDS_TADKJd DL VLD-
DE[ TRDSA _^ANJ@J^LAPHd, @PE GTJ^EVJP S HDJZADJm HTAVDA\E _TE^-
Dd VEiEVE^.

14. -X75C5C;W /PTLZLAP cLSP DAGEHPEdDHP^L HPEJ[EHPJ ^E ^TA[ADJ. >NLHJP,
@PE HPEJ[EHPO GEHPEdDDE J][ADdAPHd SLS ^ TA]_NOPLPA J][ADADJd
HL[Ef HECHP^ADDEHPJ, PLS J ^ TA]_NOPLPA J][ADADJd ^DAkDJi _HNE-
^Jf.

15. %8;B`<n5dD ;
C8;bDB55 ljj5?:;F-
CDdD ;=ADBYXDF8C;W
#LJN_@kAA J DLJCENAA accASPJ^DEA JHGENO]E^LDJA l aPE ^ATE-
dPDEA JHGENO]E^LDJA H^ECEVDEf ]A[NJ JNJ HECHP^ADDEHPJ H _N_@kA-
DJd[J, SEPETEA:
-mTJVJ@AHSJ VEG_HPJ[E (P.A. TLHH[EPTADJA ]LSEDDRi HGEHECE^
JHGENO]E^LDJd, SEPETRA DA GTEPJ^ETA@LP VAfHP^_mnJ[ ^ VLDDEf
[AHPDEHPJ ]LSEDEVLPANODR[, GTL^JPANOHP^ADDR[ J [_DJKJGLNODR[
LSPL[);
- cJ]J@AHSJ EH_nAHP^J[E (P.A. TLHH[EPTADJA cJ]J@AHSJ TALNO-
DRi ^ VLDDEf [AHPDEHPJ HGEHECE^ JHGENO]E^LDJd);
-cJDLDHE^E KANAHEECTL]DE (P.A. TLHH[EPTADJA PAi cJ]J@AHSJ
EH_nAHP^J[Ri J TL]TAkADDRi ]LSEDE[ ^LTJLDPE^ JHGENO]E^LDJd,
SEPETRA C_V_P GTJDEHJPO GTJA[NA[Rf VEiEV ^NLVANOK_ ECoASPL);
-DLJCENAA TADPLCANODE (P.A. VLAP EGPJ[LNODRA HPEJ[EHPDRA TA-
]_NOPLPR J ECAHGA@J^LAP DLJ^RHk_m PAS_n_m HPEJ[EHPO ECoASPL)



PJ"#11 "#%'- %#*+-.-/13-

PUDH5== DH5C?; l aPE GEHNAVE^LPANODEHPO VAfHP^Jf, ECAHGA@J-
^LmnJi GTEKAHH HCETL J LDLNJ]L VLDDRi, GTE^AVADJd TLH@APE^ HPEJ[EHPJ
J[_nAHP^L J EcET[NADJA TA]_NOPLPE^ EKADSJ ^ EP@AP.
XTEKAHH EKADSJ GTAVHPL^NdAP HECEf SE[GNASH HJHPA[LPJ]JTE^LD-
DRi EGATLKJf, KANOm SEPETRi d^NdAPHd GEN_@ADJA EP^APL DL ^EGTEH ]LSL]-
@JSL: HSENOSE HPEJP DAV^JZJ[EHPO?
%PT_SP_TL GTEKAHHL EKADSJ DAV^JZJ[EHPJ GTAVHPL^NADL DL TJH. 8.
)HNJ GE HPLVJd[ 4 l 7 ]LSL]@JSL, ^ EHDE^DE[, C_V_P JDPATAHE^LPO TA]_NOPL-
PR, PE ^ TALNJ]LKJJ HPLVJf 1 l 3 ED VENZAD GTJDJ[LPO DAGEHTAVHP^ADDEA
_@LHPJA.
AZV_DLTEVDRA J #LKJEDLNODRA HPLDVLTPR EKADSJ (^ @LHPDEHPJ
%PLDVLTPR EKADSJ, ECd]LPANODRA S GTJ[ADADJm H_CoASPL[J EKADE@DEf
VAdPANODEHPJ) GTAV_H[LPTJ^LmP GTJ[ADADJA GTJ EKADSA DAV^JZJ[EHPJ
PTAi ECnAGTJDdPRi ^ GTEcAHHJEDLNODEf EKADE@DEf GTLSPJSA GEViEVE^:
VEiEVDE\E, ]LPTLPDE\E J HTL^DJPANODE\E (PLCN. 6).
35





























J;=.8. 1:U`?:`U8 AUDH5==8 DH5C?;
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nAGTJDdPRi GEViEVE^
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nOm TL]NJ@DRi GEViE-
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GEN_@ADDRi H JHGENO]E^LDJA[ PTAi GEViE-
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+AHJD [J VT.]. - .: ;ANE, 2000. - 327 H.













































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