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7.0 -
13 -"
25 -"
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> 200,000 -

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8.8 -
35 -"
95 -"
)'(
475 -

1906

M8

3,000

28,000

23,000
5,000

1985

MS = 8.1

10,000

7,000

10
20

,
1995

ML = 7.2

6,500

144,000

200 $

1999

ML = 7.4

40,000

20,000

8 4

Earthquakes do not kill people buildings do







 ) , ,(


'1994 ,

, 1995

'1994 ,

, 1995

780"

79

16

1556

*8

*530,000

1755

*8.6

60,000

1906

7.9

700

1925

6.3

13

1940

7.1

1960

'

9.5

2230

1964

9.2

131

1964

7.5

26

1976

7.8

700,000

,
Tangshan

1985

8.1

9,500

1994

',

6.8

65

1995

6,9

6500

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80%

15%

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2002

2002 M >7

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p
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, H.F. Reid
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Displacement
Time

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,

19.9.1985
30 -

2400"

) Ms = 8.1
.(20.9.1985 7.6

350" ,
.

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4 .


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6" /

20


f0 = 0.5Hz

 413 2009

 413 2009

 413 2009