LTE Functionalities and Features Overview

LTE Radio Parameters RL40

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Contents
1. LTE Functionalities & Features Overview 2. Parameters Structure & SIBs 3. Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access 4. UE State Handling 5. Bearer Management 6. Admission Control 7. Power Control & Power Setting 8. Adaptive Modulation & Coding 9. MIMO Mode Control 10. Idle Mode Mobility 11. Connected Mode Mobility 12. Scheduler 13. SON
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LTE/EPC Network Elements

Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

HSS eNB

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

Mobility Management Entity

S6a X2

MME

S10

Policy & Charging Rule Function S7 PCRF Rx+

S11 S1-U LTE-Uu S5/S8 SGi

PDN Serving Gateway PDN Gateway

LTE-UE

Evolved Node B (eNB)

S-GW /P-GW

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LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface

(E)-RRC
User PDUs

.. User PDUs

LTE-Uu interface
TS 36.300

PDCP
RLC MAC LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

Air interface of LTE Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in

UL FDD and TDD duplex methods Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz

eNB

LTE-Uu X2-UP (User Plane)

User PDUs

X2 interface
Inter eNB interface X2AP: special signalling protocol Functionalities: For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate
handover and provide data forwarding. In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well

X2-CP (Control Plane)

TS 36.423 TS 36.422 TS 36.421 X2-AP SCTP IP L1/L2

GTP-U UDP IP L1/L2 TS 36.421 TS 36.424

X2

TS 36.420

eNB
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S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces

S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME interface Control interface between eNB and MME S1AP:S1 Application Protocol MME and UE will exchange nonaccess stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates) S1-U interface User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
S1-MME (Control Plane)
NAS Protocols

TS 36.413 TS 36.412

S1-AP SCTP

MME

IP

eNB

L1/L2

TS 36.411 S1-U (User Plane)

User PDUs

GTP-U TS 36.414 UDP IP TS 36.411 L1/L2

Serving Gateway

TS 36.410 [currently in TS 36.300 19]

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Physical Layer Technologies

Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).
FDD Carrier Bandwidth [MHz] Number of Resource Blocks

1.4
3

6
15

Both FDD and TDD modes available.

Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz. Scalable bandwidth.

5
10 15 20

25
50 75 100

FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL40

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Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity (normal cyclic prefix case)

12 subcarriers (180 kHz)

Based upon 3GPP TS 36.211

Resource Block (RB) Basic unit of resource 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain 7 symbols long in the time domain Thus, 84 symbols per resource block
7 symbols (0.5 ms)

Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon

modulation scheme Symbol rate = 168 ksps QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps

Bit Rates per Resource Block

TTI is 1 ms, i.e. duration of 2 resource blocks
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Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink

Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks
Figures in Mbps
1.4 MHz 3 MHz QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM (22 MIMO) 64QAM (44 MIMO) 2.016 4.032 6.048 12.096 24.192 5.040 10.080 15.120 30.240 60.480 Channel Bandwidth 5 MHz 8.400 16.800 25.200 50.400 100.800 10 MHz 16.800 33.600 50.400 15 MHz 25.200 50.400 75.600 20 MHz 33.600 67.200 100.800

100.800 151.200 201.600 201.600 302.400 403.200

These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,
i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels
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LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates

Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz
Modulation coding QPSK 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 4/4 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 1.4 MHz 0.7 1.4 2.2 3.3 4.3 6.6 8.8 16.6 3.0 MHz 2.1 4.1 6.2 9.3 12.4 18.9 25.3 47.7 5.0 MHz 3.5 7.0 10.5 15.7 21.0 31.9 42.5 80.3 10 MHz 7.0 14.1 21.1 31.7 42.3 64.3 85.7 161.9 15 MHz 10.6 21.2 31.8 47.7 63.6 96.7 128.9 243.5 20 MHz 14.1 28.3 42.4 63.6 84.9 129.1 172.1 325.1

Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM

Modulation coding QPSK 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 16QAM 1/1 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 1/1 Single stream 64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell)
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1.4 MHz 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.2 4.3 8.6

3.0 MHz 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.1 9.1 12.1 24.2

5.0 MHz 3.5 6.9 10.4 13.8 15.6 20.7 41.5

10 MHz 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.2 31.8 42.3 84.7

15 MHz 10.8 21.6 32.4 43.2 48.6 64.8 129.6

20 MHz 14.3 28.5 42.8 57.0 64.2 85.5 171.1

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LTE UE Categories

All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 Class 6,7 &8 added for R10
Class 1 Peak rate DL/UL RF bandwidth Modulation DL Modulation UL Rx diversity MIMO DL 10/5 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes Optional Class 2 50/25 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 2x2 Class 3 100/50 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 2x2 Class 4 150/50 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes 2x2 Class 5 299/75 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 64QAM Yes 4x4 Class 6 301/50 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes Class 7 301/102 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 16QAM Yes Class 8 3000/1500 Mbps 20 MHz 64QAM 64QAM Yes 8x8

2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4

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RRM Framework
UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control

eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation)

RAN scope:Load Balancing

Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO

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RRM Framework
Functional Description of the different RRM Modules Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropriate target cell for HO and initiate mobility procedures.

Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.
AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible. MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback

Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference.
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RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions

Time Scale Traffic, Channel and Location Variations Call Duration Interhandover Time 1s L3 Signaling Delay Burst or Packet Duration Channel Fading Time 10 ms Slow UL Power Control (open/closed Loop) 100 s Radio Admission Control Connection Mobility Control 10 s Load Balancing , Congestion Control Layer 3 RRM

100 ms

Slow UL LA/AMC, Slow UL ATB

Dynamic MIMO Control

UE DRX/DTX Control

Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC) Fast DL AMC Layer 2 RRM

LTE TTI
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1 ms
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Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB

ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth

RL10 Features
BTS Site Solution LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100 LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900* LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1 LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800* LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU* LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU* LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE94 Feederless Site LTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module

RRM/Telecom
LTE70 LTE1 LTE3 LTE5
LTE20 LTE27 LTE28 LTE30 LTE31 LTE37 LTE38 LTE39 LTE40 LTE41 LTE45 LTE49 LTE50 LTE51 LTE53 LTE69 LTE788 LTE187 LTE423 LTE747 LTE749 LTE761 LTE762 LTE767 LTE43 LTE793

Transport LTE129 LTE131 LTE138 LTE707 LTE710 LTE711 LTE875 LTE132 LTE134 LTE713
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Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) Traffic shaping (UL) Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB Synchronization from PDH interface Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan VLAN based traffic differentiation Timing over Packet Synchronous Ethernet
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Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas S1/X2 data path management S1, X2 and RRC common signaling Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and release Admission control Open loop UL power control and DL power setting Closed loop UL power control CQI adaption (DL) Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL) Ciphering Integrity protection System information broadcast Physical & transport channels PDCP, RLC & MAC support Fair scheduler (UL/DL) Paging UE state management Cell selection and re-selection Intra and inter eNB handover with X2 Transmit diversity for two antennas Support of 16 QAM (UL) Single TX path mode RRC connection release with redirect Support of UE radio capabilities Link adaptation for PDCCH Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handover Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bands Support of aperiodic CQI reports Support of 64 QAM in DL Support of 16 QAM (DL)

RL20 Features
BTS Site Solution RRM/Telecom

LTE113 LTE447 LTE101 LTE104 LTE677

Transport

Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution Ethernet OAM FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity QoS aware Ethernet switching IPSec on FTIB Link Supervision with BFD SCTP multi-homing (MME) ANR System Upgrade Automatic iOMS resiliency SW Monitoring Module for LTE LTE Automatic Lock Cell Outage triggered reset Subscriber and Equipment Trace Cell Trace LTE User Event Log Management iOMS connectivity increase

LTE140 LTE491 LTE649 LTE564 LTE592 LTE775

Operability

LTE492 LTE185 LTE475 LTE559 LTE830 LTE502 LTE163 LTE433 LTE667 LTE796

LTE2 LTE4 LTE7 LTE9 LTE10 LTE11 LTE13 LTE22 LTE54 LTE55 LTE562 LTE703 LTE819 LTE870 LTE914

S1 Flex Multi-Operator Core Network Support of multiple EPS bearer Service differentiation EPS bearers for conversational voice Robust header compression Rate capping Emergency call handling Intra-LTE handover via S1 Inter-frequency handover CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas DL inter-cell interference generation Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD Graceful cell shut down

Performance Monitoring

LTE805

PM Counter Capacity I

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RL30 Features
BTS Site Solution
LTE89: Flexi RRH 2TX 2600 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE91: Flexi RRH 2TX 850 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE106: 6 Cells support with one System Module LTE452: Flexi RRH 2TX 2100 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE614: Distributed Site Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE921: Flexi 3-sector RF Module 760 LTE977: RF chaining Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE1101: FFCB TRS External Filter for FHCA LTE1106: Flexi low power RRH 850 2TX for optical repeater interface

RRM/Telecom
LTE0570 LTE0042 LTE0056 LTE0068 LTE0426 LTE0430 LTE0442 LTE0450 LTE0473 LTE0490 LTE0518 LTE0522 Periodic UE measurements Support of DRX in RRC connected mode Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA Support of Cell Based Location Service System Time Broadcast for SIB8 DL power boosting for control channels Network Assisted Cell Change to GSM MME capacity value change Extended DRX Settings Subscriber Profile Based Mobility Operator specifc QCI S1 Partial Reset

Operability
LTE424: Automatic interface alarm correlation LTE459: LTE Timing Advance Evaluation LTE482: DNS Support for Certificate Examination LTE510: Synchronization of InterRAT Neighbors LTE533: Mobility Robustness LTE581: PRACH management LTE602: Performance Management Administration LTE644: Configurable cell trace content LTE771: Optimization of neighbor relations LTE782: ANR Fully UE based Automated Neighbor Relation

LTE0571
LTE0572 LTE0616 LTE0619 LTE0735 LTE0807 LTE0829 LTE0971 LTE1034 LTE1035

Controlled uplink packet segmentation

IMS emergency session Usage Based PDCCH adaptation Interference aware UL scheduling RRC Connection Reestablishment Idle Mode Mobility From LTE To CDMA/1xRTTI Increased UL MCS Range Intra-LTE mobility offsets Extended Uplink Link Adaption Outer Loop Link Adaptation for PDCCH

LTE783: ANR InterRAT UTRAN LTE784: ANR InterRAT GERAN Automated Neighbor Relation LTE882: System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility

Transport
LTE144: Transport admission control
LTE574: IP Transport Network Measurements LTE931: Ethernet Jumbo Frames LTE Transport

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LTE866: Fast IP Rerouting

RL40 New Features

BTS Site Solution
LTE0179 Dual Band with One System Module LTE0621 Multiradio System Module basic LTE configurations LTE0763 FXFA Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1900 LTE0947 Flexi Multimode System Module FSMF LTE0949 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFD LTE0950 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFC LTE1040 FXEB RF Module 1800 MHz, 90 W LTE1072 Flexi Lite 750

RRM/Telecom
LTE0046 LTE0048 LTE0440 LTE0494 LTE0495 LTE0496 LTE0497 LTE0519 LTE0534 LTE0587 LTE0736 LTE0843 LTE0872 LTE0873 LTE0979 LTE0984 LTE1014 LTE1073 LTE1387 Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Support of high speed users S1 Overload Handling Commercial Mobile Alert System OTDOA Support of QCI 2, 3, and 4 Smart admission control eRAB modification ARP based admission control Multiple GBR EPS bearers per UE CS fallback to UTRAN ETWS broadcast SRVCC to WCDMA SRVCC to GSM IRC for 2 RX paths GSM redirect with system information X2 eNode B configuration update Measurement based redirect Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing

Operability
LTE0162 Cell trace with IMSI LTE0593 Security for Ethernet Ports on FCT/FSM3 LTE0622 Local Link Layer Security LTE0623 Crypto Agent LTE0877 Adjustable Performance Upload LTE0940 SW Verification Agent LTE0953 MDT (Minimization of Drive Test) LTE1045 Full SON Support for distributed sites LTE1078 System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility LTE1340 Trace-based Real Time Monitoring

Transport
LTE0612 LTE0628 Synchronization Hub Flexi Transport submodule FTIF

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LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview

01/2011 2007 2Q/2011 2008 4Q/20112 2009

Dec 2012 3Q/13 & 2014 2010

RL20
Quality of Service Network & RF Sharing
Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling Voice over LTE Solution Service Differentiation Rate Capping Intra LTE Mobility Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection) Multi-Operator Core Network Multiple EPS Bearers CS Fallback SON-BTS Auto Connectivity SON-BTS Auto Configuration SON-Central ANR SON-Self Healing Trace Solution RF Sharing GSM - LTE QoS Aware Ethernet Switching Ethernet OAM Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity Frequency Bands: 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz

RL30
Network Operations Enhanced IRAT Mobility
Interference Aware Scheduling UE Power Saving (DRX) Operator Specific QCIs Subscriber Profile Based Mobility Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA NACC to GSM SON-ANR Fully UE Based SON-Inter RAT ANR SON-Optimization Neighbor Relations SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO) Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS Fast IP Rerouting Frequency Bands: 760 MHz

RL40
Network Capacity Smart Phones
Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Smart DRX Smart Admission Control OTDOA Location Service CS Fallback Enhancements SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM SON-Minimization of Drive Tests SON Reports Time Based Power Saving Flexi Multiradio System Module Flexi Lite BTS 4-way RX Diversity Interference Rejection Combining Synchronization Hub Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing Frequency Bands: 1900 MHz 900 MHz

RL50
LTE - Advanced Carrier Aggregation
Carrier Aggregation MIMO 4x2 Flexi RF Module 6TX Load Balancing SON-MRO Evolution Real Time Monitoring High Capacity Site Configurations IPv6 Frequency Bands (MHz): 700 APT

RL60
LTE - Advanced
UL Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) UL MU-MIMO (4RX) Interference Coordination (eICIC) FDD-TDD Handover SON- Energy Savings Timing over Packet with Phase Synch

Available
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Contract

Under Planning

Study Item

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LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap (06.2013)

RL40 Available
Network Architecture S1 Overload Handling RAN Sharing Capacity / Coverage Services ETWS / CMAS GBR QoS Package QCI 2, 3 and 4 ARP at Admission Control Smart Admission Control Multiple GBR Bearers eRAB Modification OTDOA Location Services Capacity / Coverage Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) Mobility SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM Mobility Inter eNB Inter-Frequency Load Balancing Mobility RAN Information Management Support Downlink Carrier Aggregation 20 MHz TTI Bundling MIMO 4x2 IRC for 4 RX Paths Reduced Uplink Bandwidth Super Cell Capacity / Coverage Downlink Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz UL Intra eNB CoMP Interference Aware Uplink Power Control C-Plane Overload Handling

RL50 Ready for Contract

Services Smart DRX

RL60 Under Planning

Services Cell Resource Groups Multimedia Priority Service

Future Releases Study Items beyond RL60

Study Items Multiband Carrier Aggregation (3CC) eICIC Liquid Cell eMBMS

Idle Mode Load Balancing

FDD TDD Handover Home eNode B Mobility

Inter RAT Handover from WCDMA

eCS Fallback to CDMA/1xRTT Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD

CS Fallback Enhancements
Intra eNB Inter-Frequency Load Balancing High Speed User

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LTE (FDD) Operability & SON Roadmap (06.2013)

RL40 Available
Management Features Adjustable Performance Upload Cell Trace with IMSI Data Collector Suite Security Local Link Layer Security Crypto Agent SW Verification Agent* Security Certificate Enrolment (Rel9) & Multilayer Certificates

RL50 Ready for Contract

RL60 Under Planning

Management Features BTS Diagnostics Toolkit Real Time KPI -Monitoring

Future Releases Study Items beyond RL60

Study Items MDT Enhancements Inter RAT MRO Energy Efficiency

Security Revocation Management

SON
Self-Optimization Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) SON Reports SON Automation Modes

SON
Self-Configuration Cell-Specific Neighbor Relation / PCI Handling

SON
Self-Optimization Inter Frequency ANR UE based

Self-Optimization RACH Optimization Inter RAT Neighbor Relation Optimization

*RL40 Maintenance Release

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