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Calculation of Lattice Energies for Mono (M+) and Divalent Metals (M2+) with Halogens (X2)
Divalent Metal (M2+)
Sub Metal 1st Ionization 2nd Ionization Sub or Vap of X2 Break bonds Make X Form solid compound Overall
M(s)M(g) M(g) M+(g) + e M+(g) M2+(g) + e X2(l,s) X2(g) X2(g) 2X(g) 2X(g) + e 2X(g) M2+(g)+ 2X(g)
Hsub or vap,X2
BE 2*EA
Hsub or vap,X2 BE EA
EL
Hf
EL
Hf
Sublimation or vaporization of X2 only necessary in 4th step when standard state is either a liquid (Br2) or solid (I2).