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CDA.1 Illustration of Equal-Area Graphical Differentiation

To illustrate this technique, consider the following data from which we wish to determine d f / dx as a function of x:
x f (x ) 0 0 0.2 182 0.4 330 0.6 451 0.8 551 1.0 631

First we calculate f / x (Table CDA-1) and then plot in the manner shown in Figure CDA-1. After drawing the smooth equal-area curve, we can complete our table to nd d f / dx as a function of x (Table CDA-2). The function used in this example was f (x ) 1000(1 ex )
TABLE CDA-1

(CDA-1)

x 0.0

f (x ) 000

f -----x 182 0 ----------------- 910 0.2 0

0.2

182 330 182 ----------------------- 740 0.4 0.2

0.4 etc.

330

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1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Equal area f , df x dx 0.2 0.4 X
Figure CDA-1 Equal-area differentiation.
TABLE CDA-2 Fogler/PrenHall/CDA.1 S/S

1100

0.6

0.8

1.0

x 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

f (x ) 000 182 332 451 551 631

f -----x 910 740 605 500 400

df ----dx 1010 0805 0670 0550 0450 0360

df Actual ----dx 1000 0818 0670 0548 0449 0368

Differentiating Equation (CDA-1) with respect to x gives us df ----- 1000 e x dx The actual numerical values of the differential are given in the last column of Table CDA-2.