,

pk
qe-sne pnu
eu Lp

diss.rsl.ru
2007
, .
O x v q-xs
ix [Si ]:
... auvx : 08.00.12. - : B, 2007.
- (Hs q B).
Bx v,
Ru k: http://diss.rsl.ru/diss/07/0447/070447026.pdf
k enpsepn n sksrnnp, pnrn e
qp :
,
O x v
q-xs
ix
H H 2007
kn ppen k, 2007 (skpu k)
61:07-8/2738


. . .

a npanax pyxonncn
apnnnxax nernaa eatena
X
-X
BX T
nennantocrt 08.00.12 - yxranrepcxn yuer, crarncrnxa
ncceprannx a concxane yueo crenen xanara +xoomnuecxnx ayx
ayut pyxononrent
oxrop +xoomnuecxnx ayx, npo]eccop
]nm pamonnu
nxn onropo - 2007

4
1 :

1!1 " #$ 1%
1!& ' $($
&)
1!% $
41
& "

2.1 * $ +$
,1
2.2 " +$ $ $
-1
% .

%!1 . /&
%!& . 1&4
01 142
3+ 45 1,1
6 122

. acroxmee npemx n pasnnrtx crpaax

mnpa c]opmnponannct rpn cexropa +xoomnxn: rocyapcrnet, uacrt
(xommepuecxn) n enpannrentcrnet (exommepuecxn).
enpannrentcrnet cexrop cocrannxmr exommepuecxne opransannn, epexo nx rax
n astnamr - rpern cexrop. uncne exommepuecxnx opransann occnn, xax
cnnerentcrnyer o]nnnantax crarncrnxa xona 80-x roon 20-ro nexa n no acroxmee
npemx, anonee npecrannrenttmn xnnxmrcx omecrnete oenenx.
ax raxonte, omecrnete oenenx nsnecrt ano. occnn exoropte
omecrna crann yupexartcx eme n XIII nexe, n x 1896 roy nx acunrtnanoct 1404.
omecrnete oenenx cosanannct rontxo no pemenm H c
onpeeneo nonnrnuecxo anpanneocrtm n ]nacnponannct ns cpecrn
rocyapcrneoro mxera. acroxmee npemx n xapaxrep nx exrentocrn, n
ncrounxn ]nacnponanx nperepnenn panxantte nsmeenx. pn +rom
onpeenete cymmt nenenoro ]nacnponanx nocrynamr ns sapyextx ncrounxon,
n rom uncne a meponpnxrnx, n ro nnn no mepe npornnopeuamne rocyapcrnetm
nrepecam occnn. o pacueram concxarenx onx +rnx nocrynnen sa nocnene 10 ner
cocrannxer or 6 o 16 or ncex ncrounxon ]opmnponanx nx nmymecrna.
mecrnete oenenx, xax ocot connantt, +xoomnuecxn n
nonnrnuecxn ]eome, auan npnnnexart nnmane poccncxnx nccneonarene nnmt
n auane 70-x roon 20-ro cronernx, a auano nccneonan n onacrn yxranrepcxoro
yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx moxo orecrn x xony 90-x roon 20-ro nexa.
pn +rom ynomxyrte nccneonanx xacannct exommepuecxo orpacnn +xoomnxn n
nenom, es ntenenx cnenn]nxn ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn
omecrnetx oenen. axooarentcrno n +ro onacrn noxnnnoct n cepene
90-x roon 20-ro nexa.
4
acroxmee npemx rocyapcrneax n mynnnnantax nonnrnxa occnn crponrcx c
yuerom +xoomnuecxoro n nonnrnuecxoro norennana omecrnetx oenen.
nnmtmn ornnunxmn omecrnetx oenen () or opransann anonee
nsnecrtx orpacne +xoomnxn, a am nsrnx, xnnxercx xpxo ntpaxet neneno
xapaxrep ]nacnponanx nx exrentocrn n o]nnnantt sanper a pacnpeenene
uncro npntnn mexy nx yuacrnxamn. 3ro ocroxrentcrno no morom onpeenxer
saaun yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx, nocxontxy ouenna
eoxonmocrt ooconeoro yuera xax cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx, rax n
oxoon or pyrnx nnon exrentocrn, npnocxme oxo-axooarentcrno occnn o
omecrnetx oenenxx n narornopnrento exrentocrn nmeer onpeenete
eopaorxn, orpnnarento nnnxmmne a npaxrnxy yxranrepcxoro yuera
omecrnetx oenen, n, n xoeuom cuere, a ocronepocrt yxranrepcxo
n]opmannn. o morouncnetm nynnxannxm cnennanncron n anmenxm
ncceprara, cpen nx anontmee nnnxne oxastnamr cneymmne eocrarxn:
orcyrcrnne n ontmncrne opmarnntx npanontx axrax yn]nnnponao
repmnonornn n uerxnx onpeenen (e pacxptro, anpnmep, raxoe noxrne, xax
coepxarentax oruerocrt; er xcoro onpeenenx ycrano n no (nosmoxo
npenpnnmarentcxo) exrentocrn omecrneoro oenenx);
eocrarxn coepxarentoro xapaxrepa (anpnmep, orcyrcrnne nonoxen,
onpeenxmmnx nopxox ]opmnponanx n xomnerennm pyxonoxmnx, asoporo n
xorponto-pennsnooro opraon mpnnuecxoro nnna n nopxox npnxrnx nmn
pemen);
orcyrcrnne pexomeann no ]opmnponanm cmer e rontxo nx omecrnetx
oenen, o n narornopnrenttx opransann;
oroxecrnnene opmarnntmn oxymeramn, pernamernpymmnmn nopxox
neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera, repmna omecrneoe oenene c omecrneo
opransanne, ecmorpx a ro, uro +ro nnmt oa ns nx ]opm;
5
px rnnontx nonoxen no yxranrepcxomy yuery npeycmarpnnamr orpanuene nx
npnmeenx n pamxax xommepuecxnx opransann, rora, xax, anpnmep
npenpnnmarentcxax exrentocrt orocnrcx xo ncem orpacnxm +xoomnxn n a
npaxrnxe yunrtnaercx no entm npannnam, esanncnmo or opransannoo-npanontx
]opm.
onpemet yxranrepcxn yuer n occnn, ecmorpx a pacmnpene
camocroxrentocrn ero xosxcrnetx oexron, nce eme npoonxaer axonrcx no
cnnttm nnnxnem rpaxacxoro saxooarentcrna. cnxsn c +rnm ero eocrarxn,
ormeuete ntme n onpeeneo crenen oycnannnnamr eonpeeneocrn
cymecrnymmnx meronx yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx, ecrnymmnx a
npaxrnxe yuertx opmarnntx oxymeron, uro, n cnom ouepet, cepxnnaer pasnnrne
cncremt yxranrepcxoro yuera n ao orpacnn +xoomnxn occnn. o-cymecrny,
orcyrcrnymr pexomeannn n rnanom: no ]opmnponanm eranto n]opmannn, xax
npoyxra yxranrepcxoro yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon no crartxm
coornercrnymmnx cmer, a rax xe nororonxn oruera no nx ncnonenm nx pasnnutx
rpynn nontsonarene.
ce +ro npeonpeenxer opasonane pxa pncxon, cnxsatx c npnxrnem eaexnartx
+xoomnuecxnx pemen, cpen xoroptx a npaxrnxe emano rex, uro ]opmnpymr
omnouoe mene xax o exrentocrn oenenx n nenom, rax n o ero cnocoocrn
enpeptno npoonxart cnom exrentocrt n yymem. poneete amn
nccneonanx n pxe omecrnetx oenen, noxasann ouennym
esaxoueocrt ayuoro nsyuenx n ooconanx, xax reopernuecxnx, rax n
npaxrnuecxnx nonpocon opransannn yxranrepcxoro yuera n nyrpeero xorponx
nenentx oxoon n pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx, uro nouepxnnaer
axryantocrt ntpao remt ncceprannooro nccneonanx n cnnerentcrnyer o ee
npaxrnuecxo saunmocrn.
. reuecrnetmn n sapyextmn yuetmn
cosa px rpyon no nponemam yuera ]nacono-xosxcrneo
6
exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann, nx anropamn xnnxmrcx raxne cnennanncrt
xax arypna .., axatxona .., ponxna .., omontcxn .R., ocrarnona
., axantcxax .., npoxxona .., yaoncxn .. n .p.
rentte nonpoct, cnxsate c yxranrepcxnm yuerom cpecrn nenenoro
]nacnponanx orpaxet n paorax axaena .., espyxnx . , oraro ..,
namxennu .., ynnxono .., yrep .., apnoona .., entnx ..,
nsnxoncxoro .., npoono .., ononopcxoro .., crponcxoro .., ann
.., erpono .., oxonona .., emaa .. n p.
ecmorpx a saunmocrt nmemmnxcx nccneonan, ouenne eocrarox, a no
cymecrny orcyrcrnne saxouetx paspaorox n onacrn yxranrepcxoro yuera n
omecrnetx oenenxx.
ccneonanx, nponeete ncceprarom, noxasann, uro n acroxmee npemx nmeercx
oexrnnax eoxonmocrt n orpacnentx ayutx nccneonanxx, xacammnxcx
]opmnponanx yuero nonnrnxn n rpa]nxa oxymerooopora, oxymerantoro
oecneuenx nyrpnxosxcrneoro yxranrepcxoro xorponx. rcyrcrnymr erantte
pexomeannn no npnxrnm, ncnonenm n ]opme cmert oxoon n pacxoon
omecrneoro oenenx, cymecrnymr npornnopeunx n meroonornn yxranrepcxoro
yuera n oxymerantoro o]opmnenx nenentx oxoon n pacxoon. xasate
ocroxrentcrna oycnonnnn eoxonmocrt noncxa pemen nx conepmecrnonanx
yxranrepcxoro yuera nponemtx yuacrxon ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn
omecrnetx oenen n npeonpeennno ntop remt oexra, npemera n
oconte anpannenx ncceprannooro nccneonanx.
. Hentm ncceprannn xnnxercx yrouene
reopernuecxnx nonoxen n ntpaorxa npaxrnuecxnx pexomeann no ]opmnponanm
yuero nonnrnxn, cmer omecrneoro oenenx n oruera no ncnonenm cmert,
paspaorxa xomnnexca pexomeann no oxymerantomy o]opmnenm n neenm
yxranrepcxoro yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon.
7
coornercrnnn c nentm nccneonanx n paore crannnnct cneymmne saaun:
2.3 npoaannsnponart ocoeocrn exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen n
ntxnnrt nponemte acnexrt ee saxooarentoro perynnponanx;
2.4 nponecrn conocrannene cnocoon neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera, npaxrnxyemtx
nx xommepuecxnx n omecrnetx oenen n poccncxo n mexyapoo
npaxrnxe;
2.5 onenrt conpemeym npaxrnxy poccncxoro yxranrepcxoro yuera n
omecrnetx oenenxx;
2.6 ooconart npenoxenx no exoroptm nponemtm acnexram ]opmnponanx
yuero nonnrnxn omecrneoro oenenx n rpa]nxa oxymerooopora;
2.7 nponecrn cpannrentym xapaxrepncrnxy ncrounxon nenentx cpecrn n
pacmnpnrt ecrnymmym +xoomnuecxym xnaccn]nxannm nenentx oxoon n
pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx;
2.8 nccneonart nosmoxocrt n eoxonmocrt cocrannenx omecrnetmn
oenenxmn pasnnuoro nna cmer;
2.9 paspaorart rnnonym ]opmy n coepxane cmert opransannn n oruera no ee
ncnonenm;
2.10ntxnnrt ocoeocrn ]opmnponanx n yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon;
2.11yrounrt n ononnrt cocran n ]opmt oxymeron, pernamernpymmnx yuer
narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan omecrneoro oenenx;
2.12paspaorart pexomeannn no conepmecrnonanm yxranrepcxoro yuera n
omecrnetx oenenxx, ]opmnponanm perncrpon yuera nenentx pacxoon.
. pemerom nccneonanx xnnxmrcx
reopernuecxne n opransannoo-meronuecxne nonpoct yuera ]nacono-
xosxcrneo exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen.
xauecrne oexra nccneonanx ntpaa npaxrnxa ]nacono-xosxcrneo
exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen nxeropocxo, opoexcxo n
nanmnpcxo onacrn.
8
.
eroonornuecxo n reopernuecxo ocono nccneonanx nocnyxnnn rpyt
oreuecrnetx yuetx xax n onacrn omecrnetx oenen, rax n
exommepuecxnx opransann n nenom, ayute rpyt sapyextx n oreuecrnetx
yuetx no nponemam yxranrepcxoro yuera, aannsa, aynra n xorponx n yxasatx
opransannxx, pexomeannn npaxrnuecxnx cemnapon no ao nponeme, a raxxe
marepnant nepnonuecxo neuarn, amepnxacxne craaprt ]naconoro yuera nx
uacrtx exommepuecxnx opransann.
xauecrne n]opmannoo ast ncceprannooro nccneonanx ncnontsonannct
opmarnno-npanonte axrt no nponemam exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen,
neenm yxranrepcxoro yuera n ocymecrnnenx xorponx, pesyntrart ocneonanx
omecrnetx oenen.
xoe nccneonanx ncnontsonannct pasnnute merot ayuoro nosanx: aanns
n oomene, cpanene, rpynnnponxa, xnaccn]nxannx, ncnontsonaa anropcxax
meronxa axernponanx, crarncrnuecxax opaorxa n]opmannn, cncremt n
xomnnexct noxot.
! ocontx nonoxen ncceprannooro nccneonanx
saxnmuaercx n paspaorxe pexomeann no opransannn cmeroro nponecca n
cnennannsnponao eranto omexnarypt crare, npnmenrento x orpacnentm
ocoeocrxm omecrnetx oenen, a rax xe conepmecrnonanm conpemeo
npaxrnxn yxranrepcxoro yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon n omecrnetx
oenenxx.
nponecce nccneonanx nonyuet cneymmne pesyntrart, nxnmuammne
+nemert ayuo onnst:
ntpaorat anropcxne pexomeannn no anonee nponemtm nonpocam
yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx;
pexomeonat orpacnente yponn cmer, nx xoroptx npenaramrcx
opnrnantax cnennannsnponaax erantax omexnarypa crare n oruert no nx
ncnonenm, opnernponate a orpacnenym cnenn]nxy exrentocrn omecrnetx
oenen;
npenaramrcx yconepmecrnonate rpynnnponxn ncrounxon pecypcon
omecrneoro oenenx no ]opmam nx nocrynnenx nx aannrnuecxoro
yxranrepcxoro yuera; oocona n npenoxe pasentt cnrernuecxn
yxranrepcxn yuer nenentx oxoon, nonyuetx no oronopy noxeprnonanx n
cnocopcrna, conmemet c aannrnuecxnm yuerom;
pexomeonat cnennannsnponate cocran n ]opmt nepnnutx oxymeron nx
yuera narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan, nocrynammnx n omecrneoe oenene;
paspaorat anropcxne pexomeannn no yxranrepcxomy yuery oxoon n
pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx no cnennannsnponao eranto
omexnarype crare cmert, nonocrtm coornercrnymmnm rpeonanxm
npenapnrentoro n nocneymmero yxranrepcxoro xorponx sa ncnontsonanem
xosxcrnetx pecypcon no nx nenenomy asauenm;
pexomeonat orpacnente ]opmt perncrpon aannrnuecxoro yuera pacxoon
omecrneoro oenenx, npnmeene xoroptx nosnonnr necrn yuer ncnonenx
cmert no crartxm nenentx pacxoon.
paxrnuecxax saunmocrt ncceprannn saxnmuaercx n rom, uro npaxrnuecxoe
nepene pexomeonao concxarenem cnennannsnponao eranto
omexnarypt crare nenentx oxoon n pacxoon, nyrpnxosxcrnetx orueron o
ncnonenn cmer, a raxxe cocrana n ]opmt nepnnutx oxymeron no onepannxm,
cnxsatm c nnxenem cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx, perncrpon aannrnuecxoro
yuera nenentx pacxoon n nx npxmo nsanmocnxsn co crartxmn cmert nenentx oxoon
n pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx nosnonnr nontcnrt ocronepocrt yuero
n]opmannn.
penaraemt nopxox yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon no crartxm cmert
oecneunr cnoenpemeoe ntxnnene orxnoen ]axrnuecxnx pacxoon or
npeycmorpetx cmero, xorpont nx nenenoro coornercrnnx, ocronepocrt xax
nyrpee, rax n neme yxranrepcxo oruerocrn.
"#
tnot n npenoxenx, sanepmammne ncceprannooe nccneonane, moryr trt
ncnontsonat npn conepmecrnonann opmarnno ast yxranrepcxoro yuera
]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen (cocrannenn
orpacnentx uer pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx, uer oxoon
omecrneoro oenenx, yxranrepcxax oruerocrt omecrnetx
oenen), a raxxe n yueom nponecce nx nororonxn cryeron, oyuammnxcx
no cnennantocrn 080109 yxranrepcxn yuer, +xoomnuecxn aanns n aynr no
xypcam yxranrepcxn yuer n exommepuecxnx opransannxx, yxranrepcxn
(]nacont) yuer, yxranrepcxax (]naconax) oruerocrt" n nx nororonxn n
nepenororonxn cnennanncron n nxeropocxom reppnropnantom ncrnryre
npo]eccnoanttx yxranrepon n aynropon no xypcy yxranrepcxn (]nacont)
yuer.
penoxenx no conepmecrnonanm yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx
oenenxx moryr trt ncnontsonat c esaunrenttmn ononenxmn rax xe n
exommepuecxnx opransannxx nmtx opransannoo-npanontx ]opm.
. exomeannn, ntpaorate ncceprarom
n ncceprannoom nccneonann, nepet n npaxrnxy yuera omecrnetx
oenen nxeropocxo, opoexcxo n nanmnpcxo onacrn
(expernoantax monoexax omecrneax narornopnrentax opransannx
onoexoe npanosamnroe nnxene, n ee orenenx n opoexe, nxem
onropoe, nanmnpe, nanmnpcxoe pernoantoe orenene omecrneo
narornopnrento opransannn ncrema xoopnar, opoexcxn xny
xypanncron) n p. npanxn o nepenn pexomeann concxarenx npnnaramrcx.
conte nonoxenx, ntnot n npenoxenx no pesyntraram nccneonanx
oxnatnannct, a VIII exyapoo ayuo-npaxrnuecxo xo]epennn exy
npomntm n yymnm: connantte oromenx, neocrn n ncrnryrt n nsmexmmecx
occnn n ymanrapom ynnepcnrere r. xarepnypra (2005r.), a occncxo
ayuo-npaxrnuecxo xo]epennn e]rexamcxoro ]nnnana am (2005r.), a
exnysoncxo ayuo-
11
npaxrnuecxo xo]epennn "xryantte nonpoct crpaxonanx n ]nacon: reopnx n
npaxrnxa" r.nxn onropo (2005r.), a cepoccncxo ayuo-
npaxrnuecxo xo]epennn "xryantte nponemt rymanraptx n +xoomnuecxnx
ayx" 3 r.npon (2005-2006 rr.).
esyntrart ayuo-nccneonarentcxo paort nepet n 2004-2006 roax n
yuet nponecc a xa]epe yxranrepcxoro yuera, +xoomnuecxoro aannsa n aynra
nxeropocxoro rocyapcrneoro ynnepcnrera nm. .. oauencxoro npn
npenoanann xypcon yxranrepcxn yuer n exommepuecxnx opransannxx,
yxranrepcxn (]nacont) yuer, yxranrepcxax (]naconax) oruerocrt", a
raxxe ncnontsymrcx nx nororonxn n nepenororonxn cnennanncron n nxeropocxom
reppnropnantom ncrnryre npo]eccnoanttx yxranrepon n aynropon no xypcy
yxranrepcxn (]nacont) yuer.
o pesyntraram paort onynnxonao 8 neuartx paor (n r.u. n nsanxx,
pexomeonatx - 2 paort: x ornnun mexy opransanne yxranrepcxoro
yuera nroporo n rpertero cexropa, coeocrn yuera n xorponx pacxoon n
omecrnetx oenenxx) omnm oemom anropcxnx 2,2 n.n.
$ n . ncceprannx cocronr ns nneenx, rpex rnan,
saxnmuenx, cnncxa ncnontsonao nnreparypt, nxnmuammero 161 anmeonane.
aora nsnoxea a 150 crpannax mamnonncoro rexcra, coepxnr pncyxon 8,
rannn 6, npnnoxen 13.
"%
1 :

1!1 " #$
o nce nexa cymecrnonann encrna npnpoo-connanttx xonnexrnnon (omna,
cemtx) n ncropnuecxn cnoxnnmnxcx omocre, a rax xe connantte rpynnt,
oenxmmne nme e rontxo c nentm nonyuenx +xoomnuecxo ntrot, o n nx
pemenx nponem connanto c]ept nnn noepxxn omecrnetx nrepecon.
... erent n nnoco]nn npana yennn ocooe nnmane saunmocrn
cymecrnonanx esanncnmtx oenen, yrnepxax, uro xopnopannn xnnxmrcx
eoremnemo uacrtm rpaxacxoro omecrna n, a pxy c cemte, cocrannxmr
pancrnet xopet rocyapcrna. o-menm erenx: amnx conpemetx
rocyapcrnax rpaxae nnmt n orpanueo mepe npnnmamr yuacrne no ncex omnx
rocyapcrnetx enax; oaxo eoxonmo npeocrannrt pancrneomy uenonexy,
xpome ero uacro nenn, eme n nceomym exrentocrt. 3ro nceomee, xoropoe
rocyapcrno e ncera emy aer, o axonr n xopnopannn |73, c.275-277|.
occnn exoropte narornopnrentte omecrna crann yupexartcx eme n XIII
nexe, n x 1896 roy acunrtnanoct 1404 narornopnrentte opransannn. sanannct
cnennantte xypant ecrnx narornopnrentocrn n pyonax nomomt |150,
c.421|.
npnmepy, . Rpten n cnonx paorax ormeuaer, uro conercxax mpnnuecxax cncrema
o xona 80-x roon e ntenxna noxrne , e yenxnoct nnmanx +romy
ncrnryry n n ayxe; connanncrnuecxoe npano onepnponano xareropne omecrnete
opransannn, npanonoe nonoxene xoroptx eooxparo ocnemanoct n mpnnuecxo
nnreparype |146, c.7|.
13
onercxne mpncrt, nsyuann nponemt nontmenx connanto-nonnrnuecxo
axrnnocrn rpyxmnxcx, pasnnrnx cncremt omecrnetx opransann, opononttx
omecrn pasnnutx nnon, opraon omecrneo camoexrentocrn n
enocpecrneo emoxparnn.
syuenem omecrnetx opransann axrnno sanmannct .. ypxnnena, H..
mnontcxax, .. acnxen, .. pocnmona, .. acnnten, .. noxnmon, ..
onnmxon, .. ynapen, .. apancxn n p. 60-e rot moro nnmanx yenxnoct
noxrnm omecrneocrt, ]opmam ee npoxnnenx; nouepxnnancx naxemn
npnnnn ]yxnnonponanx n cosanx omecrnetx opransann - oponontocrt.
auane 70-x-80-x roon nccneonanx tnn cxonerpnponat a reopernuecxom n
ncropnuecxom oomenn ontra cosanx n exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen.
exy rem nsmeenx xona 80-x n auana 90-x roon n omecrneo-nonnrnuecxom n
+xoomnuecxom ycrpocrne oycnonnnn noxnnenx rpex cexropon +xoomnxn
(rocyapcrnet, xommepuecxn n exommepuecxn), pasnnrne saxooarentcrna n
nepemet mpnnuecxoro craryca exommepuecxnx opransann.
ax samernn . areneen, crpyxrypnponaax omecrneocrt camoonpeenxercx
xax enpannrentcrneax nnn nrerpnponaax c erocyapcrnetmn crpyxrypamn
|74, c.61|.
ymecrnyer moxecrno pacnpocrpaetx mexyapotx noxrn n onpeenen
nepnnutx xonnexrnnon rpertero cexropa: esanncnmte, enpannrentcrnete,
exommepuecxne opransannn. crane pransannn enetx ann n ee
cnennannsnponatx arercrn sanoxe repmn enpannrentcrnete opransannn
(non-governmental organizations), xoropt mnpoxo ynorpenxercx n mexyapotx
oxymerax n npane. pxe crpa, apxy c atm oosauenem, ncnontsymrcx n
raxne xax: social organizations - omecrnete opransannn, civil organizations -
rpaxacxne opransannn, non-proIit organizations - ecnpntntte,
exommepuecxne
"&
opransannn. conpemeo poccncxo npanono cncreme nx raxnx ennn npnxro
omee anmeonane exommepuecxne opransannn.
onnanto-+xoomnuecxax cymocrt exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann
onpeenea n eepantom saxoe exommepuecxnx opransannxx |52|. n xoropom
ronopnrcx, uro $ cosanartcx ocrnxenx connanttx,
narornopnrenttx, xyntryptx` opasonarenttx, ayutx n ynpanneuecxnx nene, n
nenxx oxpat sopontx rpaxa, pasnnrnx ]nsnuecxo xyntrypt n cnopra,
yonnernopen yxontx n ntx emarepnanttx norpeocre rpaxa, samnrt
npan, usaxotx nrepecon rpaxa n opransann, paspemenx cnopon n xo]nnxron,
oxasanx mpnnuecxo nomomn, a raxxe 7 7 anpannetx a ocrnxene
omecrnetx nar.
paxacxnm xoexcom onpeeneo, uro mpnnuecxnmn nnnamn moryr trt
opransannn, npecneymmne nsnneuene npntnn n xauecrne ocono enn cnoe
exrentocrn (xommepuecxne opransannn) nno e nmemmne nsnneuene npntnn n
xauecrne raxo nenn x e pacnpeenxmmne nonyueym npntnt mexy yuacrnxamn
(exommepuecxne opransannn) |2|.
a am nsrnx, eoxonmo ocoo ormernrt, uro exommepuecxne opransannn ()
raxxe moryr ocymecrnnxrt n npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt, o nnmt nocrontxy,
nocxontxy +ro cnyxnr ocrnxenm nene, pan xoroptx on cosat, n
coornercrnymmym +rnm nenxm.
"'
1 .RB
2.H
3.
4.0
5.
6.H
7. HR

nc. 1 ]ept exrentocrn

a pnc. 1 arnxo npecrannet anonee saunmte n ysanaemte omecrnom
c]ept exrentocrn . ax noxasano crarncrnuecxoe nccneonane, nponeeoe
anropom n 2005r. n nxeropocxo onacrn (npnn. 1, crp.168-178), ate
cnnerentcrnymr o rom, uro 84,21 omecrna saxpennxer sa npexe ncero c]epy
connantoro ocnyxnnanx, npnpoooxpaym exrentocrt (73,68) n samnry npan
uenonexa (58,89). ce +rn nenn no ncem mnpe ycnemo peannsymrcx nmeo
enpannrentcrnetmn exommepuecxnmn opransannxmn, noromy xax nent
exrentocrn nnn mnccnx (xax npannno, uerxo onpeeneax ycranom), cnxsaax c
pemenem connanttx nponem ecpaneo onee saunma nx nx, uem maxcnmnsannx
npntnn n ee nocneymmee pacnpeenene n nontsy yupenrene.
t cunraem, uro moroopasne, oxnartnaemtx c]ep n +xoomnxe occnn n
ocoeocrn nyrpnorpacneno cnenn]nxn nopoxamr eoxonmocrt
conepmecrnonanx yxranrepcxoro yuera oxoon n pacxoon n omecrnetx
oenenxx.
x npannrentcrnetx (mxertx opransannn) cosamrcx c nentm pemenx
connanttx nponem, ncrammnx nepe nmtm omecrnom, acxontxo ycnemo t oo
e tno. o, n ame crpae, nmemr mecro trt cnyuan exnarxn cpecrn mxera n
]nacnponann atx nporpamm, uro npnnonr x omemy or nx orxasy. 2006r, x
npnmepy, n nxeropocxo onacrn tn saxptr nxeropocxn ropocxo Herp
npo]opnerannn monoexn n ncnxonornuecxo noepxxn acenenx n cnxsn c
orcyrcrnnem ]nacnponanx ns pernoantoro mxera n nncrepcrna rpya.
16
o+romy , xax am xaxercx, xnnxmrcx rem camtm +nemerom "connantoro
xannrana", a xoropt onnpaercx pasnnrne omecrna. exommepuecxn cexrop cnyxn?'
nocpenxom mexy rocyapcrnom n acenenem. amecrnrent mnncrpa
+xoomnuecxoro pasnnrnx n ropronnx . mnrpnen, yxastnaer na ro, uro
epeansonaocr norennana nsanmoecrnnx mexy rocyapcrnom n omecrnom,
nopoxaer nponemt e rontxo nx rpaxa o n nx camo nnacrn. +rnm cnxsat
cneymmne nponemt; nsxax crenet onepnx omecrna x ncrnryram rocyapcrna;
rpyocrn n peannsannn connanto-+xoomnuecxnx npeopasonan n nx nontmeax
xo]nnxrocrt; nsxax +]]exrnnocrt rocyapcrneoro perynnponanx; nsxoe
xauecrno x eocrarouax ocrynocrt nynnutx ycnyr |74, c. 8 5|. ce
ntmenepeuncneoe yxe ceuac cepxnnaer +xoomnuecxoe n connmrtoe pasnnrne
occnn.
ate cnnerentcrnymr, uro onee nononnt onpometx (68,42) omecrna
cunramr, uro nomoramr opraam nnacrn n ocymecrnnenn connanttx ]yxnn, n
I,5& xocrarnpymr exym pasomeocrt exommepuecxnx opransann n nnacrn,
uro, a am nsrnx, cnnerentcrnyer o espenocrn nsanmoecrnnx mexy nmn.
npopa, x npnmepy, nonaraer, uro o ]opmantom oromenn co cropot nnacrn
saxnnxmr rc I-, xoropte e nmemr nocroxtx xoraxron, a rontxo pasonte a
ypone mynnnnanttx nnacre j74,c.9j.
70.00
60,00
60..00 40,00 30,00 20,00
10,00 0.00 u
2.13 R B
H H
2.14 R B
H H
2.15 ,
nc. 2. nexa exrentocrt n nenom
rmeuaem, uro cpen onpometx n amnoct nxoro, xro t cunran, uro
memamr rocyapcrnetm opraam (cm. pnc.2). et rocyapcrnetm crpyxrypam npn
nsanmoecrnnn c paorammnm exommepuecxnm cexropom yaercx pemart connanto-
saunmte nponemt onee +]]exrnno, cnnamn esanncnmtx ontrtx opransann,
nmemmnx onepne acenenx es cosanx ontx oporocroxmnx crpyxryp, nx
oyuenx n coepxanx.
t cunraem, uro npenmymecrno exommepuecxnx opransann saxnmuaercx n rom,
uro on npenaramr onte, pannoantte n onee emente noxot x pemenm craptx
nponem. ymecrneax +xoomnx mxertx cpecrn ocrnraercx sa cuer roro, uro
morne corpynxn paoramr a esnosmeso ocone, n npnnnexamr
saunrentte marepnanto-rexnuecxne pecypct ns nemxertx ncrounxon.
exommepuecxnm opransannxm yaercx ocrnut apecocrn nomomn rpaxaam sa
cuer sanx peanttx norpeocre n rpyocre mecrtx coomecrn n
enocpecrneoro yuacrnx n nx xnsn. orne npnxoxr n , noromy uro camn
cronxynnct c ro nnn no nponemo n ocxoanto samr ee nsyrpn. ce +rn
]axropt npnoperamr ocoeoe sauene n occnn n ycnonnxx eo]nacnponanx
connanttx nporpamm.
onom cronernn, axnernpyer .mnrpnen, rpaexropnn +xoomnuecxoro n
omecrneoro pasnnrnx yyr no morom npeonpeenxrtcx nce ontmnm nnnxnem
n]opmannotx rexonorn n nponecca rnoannsannn n nx crpyxryp
rocyapcrneo nnacrn +ro npexnnxer onte rpeonanx x cnocoocrn yunrtnart
nce onee pasoopaste omecrnete nrepect n npoxnnxrt maxcnmantym rnxocrt
n oneparnnocrt ecrnn |74, c. 15|.
. annnna, ormeuaer, uro n nanor nnacrn n , axrnno nxnmuaercx nsec - o
nce onee n onee craonnrcx connanto ornercrnetm |74, c.47|.
"(
apxy c pasontmn narornopnrenttmn axnnxmn nsec aunaer peannsontnart
camocroxrentte connantte npoexrt n onacrn opasonanx. oennranx, cnopra n
r.. anonee xpynte ]npmt aunamr ntcrpannart cnom cocrneym connantym
nonnrnxy (nnaxomnanx nnpt. emroprax asnpom, nmete
crnnenn oraxa n 798
cyxene ponn manoro n cpeero nseca n +xoomnuecxom pasnnrnx
emocrpnpyer, uro mxert xpnsnc xnnxercx naronpnxrtm ]oom nx nontmenx
ponn aoro cexropa n +]]exrnnom ncnontsonann cpecrn mxera oxasann ycnyr
acenenm. aunrentte nsepxxn npenpnxrn enocnntt nx mecrtx
mxeron- pecrnom cnxenx pacxoon xnnxercx cncrema rocyapcrneoro
(mynnnnantoro) saxasa, npnnnexammax mant n cpen nsec n cncremy
mynnnnantoro nopxa (pne.).
xoe onpoca ntxcnnoct, uro 52,63 acenenx e nmeer npecrannenx o
cymecrnonann connantoro saxasa, re xe, xro saer o em noepxnnamr (42 J 1)
aym nnnnarnny nnacrn.
romy xe e meee naxtm ]axropom pasnnrnx manoro n cpeero nseca xnnxercx
ero yuacrne n paore pasnnutx omecrnetx oenen, anenetx a
corpynuecrno c mecrtmn nnacrxmn n paspaorxe nnaon connanto-+xoomnuecxoro
pasnnrnx.
")
2.16 R
2.17 R
2.18 R
2.19 R o H
nc. 3. oepxxa n omecrne saxoa o connantom saxase
uenno, uro ponn rocyapcrnetx opraon, xommepuecxnx opransann n
exommepuecxnx opransann n pamxax connantoro naprepcrna eonaxont. cnn
"cnna" xommepuecxnx opransann saxnmuaercx rnantm opasom n nosmoxocrxx
]nacnponanx, a "cnna" rocyapcrnetx opraon - no nxnmuenn nnacrtx ptuaron,
ro pont cocronr n nyx nsmepenxx: oxpae n samnre nrepecon omecrna n
noepxxe n peannsannn connanto-saunmo nnnnarnnt.
1991-95 rr. tna n oconom cosaa npanonax cpea (rpaxacxoe, anoronoe n
"cnennannsnponaoe" (+xonornuecxoe, opasonarentoe n r.n. npano), xoropax
npeocrannxer ycnonnx nx exrentocrn n pacmnpenx nosmoxocre ]nacnponanx
. crnrynnoanto-npanonte ]opmt exommepuecxnx opransann n occnn
onpeenet n paxacxom xoexce , saxoax exommepuecxnx opransannxx,
narornopnrento exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx opransannxx,
omecrnetx oenenxx, cnooe conecrn n pennrnostx oenenxx,
opasonann n p.
oroopasne ]opm exommepuecxnx opransann n mecro, xoropoe sanmamr
omecrnete oenenx n +rom cexrope, arnxo npecranneo cxemo a pnc.4. s
mnpoxoro cnexrpa omecrneocrn naxo ntenxrt nmeo omecrnete
oenenx, noromy uro:
nx npanono craryc cnennanto yperynnpona orenttm npanontm axrom -
eepanttm saxoom;
cpen nx ycrantx nene n saau, xax npannno, nponosrnamaercx coecrnne
craonnenm npanonoro rocyapcrna;
aanns npaxrnxn noxastnaer, uro on anonee axrnno nyr a
nsanmoecrnne.
20
* + ,
orpenrentcxn xooneparnn (coms)
(xpenrt norpenrentcxn xooneparnn rpaxa)
exommepuecxoe naprepcrno
mecrneoe oenene;
:; omecrneax
opransannx ;
omecrneoe nnxene; ;
omecrnet ]o; <;
omecrneoe yupexene; ;
opra omecrneo
camoexrentocrn;
:; nonnrnuecxax
naprnx.
upexene
nroomax exommepuecxax opransannx
o ennrnosoe oenene (pennrnosax
rpynna, pennrnosax opransannx)
enene mpnnuecxnx nnn (acconnannx coms)
ocyapcrneax xopnopannx pyrne ]opmt, npeycmorpete
]eepanttmn saxoamn
(ronapnmecrna cocrnenxon
xnntx, caono-oroponuecxne n
aute exommepuecxne
oenenx)
nc 4. opmt exommepuecxnx opransann
o omecrnetm oenenem nonmaercx oponontoe, camoynpannxemoe,
exommepuecxoe ]opmnponane, cosaoe no nnnnarnne rpaxa, oennnmnxcx
a ocone omocrn nrepecon nx peannsannn omnx nene, yxasatx n ycrane
omecrneoro oenenx. |8, rn.1, cr.5|
mecrnete oenenx moryr cosanartcx n oo ns cneymmnx
opransannoo-npanontx ]opm:
2.20 mecrneax opransannx. mecrneo opransanne xnnxercx oconaoe
a unecrne omecrneoe oenene, cosaoe a ocone conmecro
exrentocrn nx samnrt omnx nrepecon n ocrnxenx ycrantx nene
oennnmnxcx rpaxa.
2.21 mecrneoe nnxene. mecrnetm nnxenem xnnxercx cocroxmee ns
yuacrnxon n e nmemmee unecrna macconoe omecrneoe oenene,
npecneymmee connantte, nonnrnuecxne n nte omecrneo noneste nenn,
noepxnnaemte yuacrnxamn omecrneoro nnxenx.
2.22 mecrnet ]o. mecrnet ]o xnnxercx onm ns nnon
exommepuecxnx ]oon n npecrannxer coo e nmemmee unecrna
omecrneoe oenene, nent xoroporo saxnmuaercx n ]opmnponann
nmymecrna a ocone opononttx nsocon, ntx e sanpemetx saxoom
nocrynnen n ncnontsonann aoro nmymecrna a omecrneo noneste
nenn. upenrenn n ynpannxmmne nmymecrnom omecrneoro ]oa e nnpane
ncnontsonart yxasaoe nmymecrno n cocrnetx nrepecax;
2.23 mecrneoe yupexene mecrnetm yupexenem xnnxercx e nmemmee
unecrna omecrneoe oenene, cranxmee cnoe nentm oxasane
xoxperoro nna ycnyr, orneuammnx nrepecam yuacrnxon n coornercrnymmnx
ycrantm nenxm yxasaoro oenenx;
2.24 pra omecrneo camoexrentocrn praom omecrneo
camoexrentocrn xnnxercx e nmemmee unecrna omecrneoe oenene,
nentm xoroporo xnnxercx conmecroe pemene pasnnutx
22
connanttx nponem, nosnxammnx y rpaxa no mecry xnrentcrna,
paort nnn yuet, anpanneoe a yonnernopene norpeocre
eorpanueoro xpyra nnn, utn nrepect cnxsat c ocrnxenem
ycrantx nene n peannsanne nporpamm opraa omecrneo
camoexrentocrn no mecry ero cosanx.
6. onnrnuecxax naprnx. onnrnuecxnm omecrnetm oenenem
xnnxercx omecrneoe oenene, n ycrane xoroporo n uncne ocontx
nene onxt trt saxpennet yuacrne n nonnrnuecxo xnsn omecrna
nocpecrnom nnnxnx a ]opmnponane nonnrnuecxo nonn rpaxa,
yuacrne n ntopax n oprat rocyapcrneo nnacrn n oprat mecroro
camoynpannenx nocpecrnom ntnnxenx xanaron n opransannn nx
npentopo arnrannn, yuacrne n opransannn n exrentocrn
yxasatx opraon.
pransannoo-npanontmn ]opmamn nonnrnuecxnx omecrnetx
oenen xnnxmrcx omecrneax opransannx (nx nonnrnuecxo
opransannn, n rom uncne nonnrnuecxo naprnn) n omecrneoe nnxene (nx
nonnrnuecxoro nnxenx).
cnonx paorax |46, 47, 143, 146, 147| .pocnmona, .. Rpten, .. yrpn,
opamamr nnmane a ocoeocrt omecrnetx oenen, cnxsaym c oxnarom
reppnropnn npn neenn exrentocrn n mecrom rocyapcrneo perncrpannn n
coornercrnnn c axoom omecrnetx oenenxx |8, cr. 14|, uro nosnonxer
xnaccn]nnnponart nx xax: mexyapote, omepoccncxne, mexpernoantte n
pernoantte.
.areneen, no pesyntraram, nponeeoro nm nccneonanx, npenonoxnn
nosmoxtm xnaccn]nnnponart nce nsyuete omecrnete oenenx no
cneymmnm xareropnxm |74, c.62|:
1. o npemen cosanx n ontry paort:
1.1. aee nsnecrte n ame crpae ]opmt omecrnetx
oenen, noccraannnnammne n pasnnnammne paee nsnecrte
23
rpannnn: monoexte cxayrcxne nnxenx, narpnornuecxne
noncxonte orpxt. 1.2. ont noxnnnmnecx oenenx, e
nmemmne nnrento
npetcropnn n amem omecrne: npanosamnrte oenenx,
reper-coomecrna. 2. o
nponosrnamaemtm npnopnreram:
2.25 ponosrnamammne n xauecrne oo ns cnonx ycrantx nene samnry
rpaxacxnx npan.
2.26 ponosrnamammne npnopnrert n ntx c]epax exrentocrn: rnopuecrno,
xyntrypa, cnopr, narornopnrentocrt,
nrepannoantte cnxsn.
. panomtcnona, . pyryx, R.auanona, .yptrna, . ononena, nonaramr,
uro c ocrarouo crenetm ycnonocrn moxo ntennrt uertpe rnna omecrnetx
oenen |120, c.43|:
2.27 enenx camo- n nsanmonomomn: opransannn nnannon,
npecrapentx, nerepaon, moroertx n enontx ceme.
2.28 pransannn, crpemxmnecx x connanttm pe]opmam: +xonornuecxne,
npanosamnrte, xecxne rpynnt.
2.29 pransannn xnyoro rnna: cnoprnnte, rypncrnuecxne, xnyt no
nrepecam.
2.30 opnoparnnte n npo]eccnoantte comst: oenenx nme oo
npo]eccnn, c nentm pacmnpenx nosmoxocre nx npo]eccnoanto
camopeannsannn, oenenx samnmammne xopnoparnnte nrepect.
pome n ]eepanttx saxoon, perynnpymmnx exrentocrt exommepuecxnx
opransann, cymecrnymr nte saxooarentte axrt, nmemmne enocpecrneoe
oromene x nx exrentocrn. pexe ncero, +ro eepantt saxo or 11.08.1995 N
135- narornopnrento exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx opransannxx. o
narornopnrento exrentocrtm nonmaercx oponontax exrentocrt rpaxa n
mpnnuecxnx nnn no ecxoptcro (esnosmeso nnn a ntrortx ycnonnxx)
nepeaue
24
rpaxaam nnn mpnnuecxnm nnnam nmymecrna, n rom uncne eextx cpecrn,
ecxoptcromy ntnonenm paor, npeocrannenm ycnyr, oxasanm no noepxxn.
anonee npnemnemym nx ac xnaccn]nxannm narornopnrenttx exommepuecxnx
opransann mt amnn n paore epemexo .R. |134|, xoropax oannna n omym
cxemy xnaccn]nxannn npnsax narornopnrentocrn. onropnmcx, uro aym ]opmy
moryr npnnmart rontxo omecrnete oenenx (cm. pnc.5).
narornopnrentte opransannn cosamrcx n ]opmax omecrnetx oenen,
]oon, yupexen n n ntx ]opmax, npeycmorpetx ]eepanttmn saxoamn nx
narornopnrenttx opransann. narornopnrentax opransannx moxer cosanartcx n
]opme yupexenx, ecnn ee yupenrenem xnnxercx narornopnrentax opransannx.
ax ormeuaer .. epera n cnoe crarte, nocnxmeo npanonomy nonoxenm
narornopnrenttx opransann: axo ocoeocrtm exommepuecxnx, n rom uncne
narornopnrenttx, opransann xnnxercx orcyrcrnne n , a raxxe n eepantom
saxoe narornopnrento exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx opransannxx,
uerxoro nepeux nx opransannoo-npanontx ]opm |139|.
ecrnnrento, n coornercrnnn c n. 1 cr. 6 eepantoro saxoa nneenn n
ecrnne uacrn nepno paxacxoro xoexca occncxo eepannn rpeonane o
cosann mpnnuecxnx nnn ncxnmunrento n rex opransannoo-npanontx ]opmax,
xoropte npeycmorpet rnano 4 , pacnpocrpaxercx nnmt a xommepuecxne
opransannn. exy rem, ncuepntnammn nepeuet opransannoo-npanontx ]opm
exommepuecxnx (narornopnrenttx) opransann e ycraonne. antemee
pasnnrne omecrnetx oenen (n r.u. n narornopnrenttx), nontmene nx
connanto saunmocrn yer sanncert n or n]opmnponaocrn acenenx. nx roro
urot nonee ncnontsonart nx xosxcrnet n connantt norennan, eoxonmo
onee mnpoxo pexnamnponart nx exrentocrt.
%'

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** - n a1ux qopuax uory1 m1u cospaum naro1nopu1enuume oprauusauuu
nc.5. nt exommepuecxnx opransann
ate connonornuecxnx nccneonan cnnerentcrnymr, uro n acroxmee npemx 3/4
acenenx e saer o cymecrnonann narornopnrenttx opransann n nx ropoe nnn
pernoe, a paornxn +rnx opransann eonontt rem, xax cpecrna maccono
n]opmannn ocnemamr nx exrentocrt.
anns noxastnaer, uro anontmax onx nocrynammnx omecrnetmn
opransannxmn cpecrn npnxonrcx a nnarym peannsannm ronapon n ycnyr tcrptmn
remnamn ynennunnaercx onx raxoro ncrounxa, xax nnnet or cocrneocrn n
npan. npoxo ncnontsyercx caua n apey axoxmerocx n pacnopxxenn opransann
nmymecrna.
o mornx sapyextx crpaax xpyntm ncrounxom ]nacnponanx
exommepuecxnx opransann raxxe craonnrcx nx xommepuecxax exrentocrt. oxot
or ee ycnnnnamr nx camocroxrentocrt n ycrounnocrt, nocxontxy ymetmaercx
sanncnmocrt or xonean ptoutx ne, yponx n]nxnnn, exerotx oemon
]nacnponanx, nsmeen n oxoax acenenx n xopnopann, n ]nacono,
anorono n connanto nonnrnxe npannrentcrna n r.n. +rnx ycnonnxx
exommepuecxne crpyxrypt npacramr n ptouym cpey.
. tmma, International Center Ior Not-Ior-ProIit Law (amnrro, ),
yrnepxaer, uro n crpaax Herpanto n ocrouo npont yxe cronxynnct c
nponemo yxoa nocrpatx oopon n ycnemo paoramr, onnpaxct a
cocrnete cnnt |50, c.23|. +rom cnnerentcrnyer nponeeoe nnepcnrerom
xoa Xonxnca nrepecoe nccneonane nonaxnn, exnn, erpnn n ymtnn,
xoropoe noxasano, uro:
21 oxoon nocrynaer or narornopnrento exrentocrn xax
nocrpatx, rax n oreuecrnetx oopon;
33 - ns rocyapcrnetx ncrounxon;
46 - or nsocon n xommepuecxo exrentocrn.
axo ecxorpontax co cropot rocyapcrna xommepuecxax exrentocrt moxer
npnnonrt n uacro npnnonr x xpnmnannsannn omecrnetx oenen. o+romy
epexo ntcxastnamrcx npenoxenx sanpernrt exoroptm ns nx raxym exrentocrt.
npnmepy, .. ]nmon, cunraer, uro
27
onxt sanmartcx rontxo exommepuecxo exrentocrtm, aprymernpyx +ro
rem, uro cerox npenaraercx nocrneax pont. oo cropot
npeocrannxercx saunrentax cnooa, nosmoxocrt nerxo nrerpnponartcx n
ptouym cncremy, c pyro saxo cepteso orpanunnaer npana norpenrenx,
xoropt sauacrym nnme nosmoxocrn ycraonnrt, n xaxnx oromenxx o axonrcx c
naprepom n ro nnn no cnryannn |76|.
. tmma, npornnonocrannxer ao rouxe spenx cnom, xoropax oconaa a
yrnepxenn, uro opransonat n ecrnymr npenmymecrneo nx nene, e
cnxsatx c nsnneuenem npntnn (noxasarent oconax nent - principal prpose
test) |50, c.25|. pxe crpa npont nponoxr pasrpanuene mexy exoroptmn
opransannoo-npanontmn ]opmamn n rom, uro xacaercx onycrnmocrn yuacrnx n
xosxcrneo exrentocrn. npnmepy, n nann, ]ot moryr necrn raxym
exrentocrt, o e n npane nonyuart npntnt. anpornn, n exnn n nonaxnn
narornopnrenttm ]oam sanpemeo neene ao exrentocrn, a oenenxm
+ro paspemeo.
am xaxercx, uro noote sanpert nnmar omecrnete oenenx oconoro
ncrounxa ]nacnponanx. a am nsrnx, eoxonmo nnmt ononnrt
ncrnrynnoanto-npanonte opmt, perynnpymmne xommepuecxym exrentocrt raxnx
opransann. anpnmep, n npannrentcrna mraron ycraannnnamr nepxn npeen
onn oxoon exommepuecxnx opransann, npn npentmenn xoroporo,
exommepuecxax opransannx npeopasontnaercx n xommepuecxym co ncemn
ntrexammnmn nocnecrnnxmn.
=& ' $($

ocyapcrneoe perynnponane exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann onxo
yunrtnart nx connanto-+xoomnuecxne ocoeocrn.
%(
onnuecrno saxoon n nosaxotx axron, coepxamnx opmt, perynnpymmne
exrentocrt opransann, ncuncnxercx rtcxuamn, camn +rn opmt orocxrcx x
pasnnutm orpacnxm saxooarentcrna. cnxsn c +rnm, aspena acymax
eoxonmocrt cncremarnsnponart pasnnunx n cxocrna mexy xommepuecxnmn n
exommepuecxnmn opransannxmn, xomnnexco npoaannsnponart acnexrt
]yxnnonponanx omecrnetx oenen, cncremarnsnponart nmemmymcx
opmarnno-npanonym asy yxranrepcxoro yuera n atx oenenxx.
s-sa pasnnun mexy exommepuecxnmn n xommepuecxnmn opransannxmn n
omecrnetx oenenxx onxt ncnontsonartcx conepmeo pyrne cnocot
]naconoro yuera n ynpannenx.
npetymem naparpa]e, e pas ormeuannct ocoeocrn npncymne omecrnetm
oenenxm. enept xe noxnnnact eoxonmocrt ntcrponrt n onpeeneym cxemy,
xax ornnunx, rax n cxocrna +rnx nyx nnon opransann. ax ate xpnrepnn, mt
cmoxem cenart ntno o rom, xaxne meronxn yxranrepcxoro yuera, npnmexemte n
nsece, moryr nmert mecro n +]]exrnno ncnontsonartcx n omecrnetx
oenenxx.
nnpaxct a aanns nnreparyptx n opmarnntx ncrounxon |47, 55, 70, 2, 11, 8, 12
n p.|, ornnune omecrnetx opransann or xommepuecxnx moxo oomnrt
cneymmnm opasom:
onyuene saunrenttx oemon pecypcon or nocranmnxa pecypcon, xoropt e
oxnaer sa nx onnart nnn +xoomnuecxo ntrot.
rcyrcrnne nrepeca x nnaenm raxo opransanne, xoropt moxer trt
nepea nnn npoa rpertnm nnnam.
conoe asauene ornnuaercx or npoaxn ronapon nnn ycnyr.
rcyrcrnne raxoro noxasarenx xax npntnt.
rnnute anoronte n mpnnuecxne acnexrt exrentocrn.
eennx trt opransannxmn, oxastnammnmn ycnyrn.
onee crporne orpanuenx n nenxx n crparernxx.
%)
etme sanncnmocrt or xnneron n xauecrne ]nacono noepxxn.
omnnponane npo]eccnoanon.
asnnunx n ynpannenn.
axocrt nonnrnuecxoro nnnxnx.
pannnx eaexnarocrn ynpanneuecxoro xorponx.
acro omecrnete oenenx e nmemr enoro nnxaropa no cpanenm c
xommepuecxnmn opransannxmn (anpnmep, npntnt nnn nnnet).
3]]exrnnocrt e moxer trt nsmepea nyrem npxmoro cpanenx c pyrnmn
opransannxmn.
neyer ormernrt ocoeocrn cocrana n ]yxnnn pyxonoxmnx opraon n
omecrneom oenenn. asenene ]yxnn pyxonocrna n ynpannenx
coornercrnyer rpeonanxm saxooarentcrna o exommepuecxnx opransannxx n
cnoxnnmecx npaxrnxe omecrnetx oenen.
ornnune or xommepuecxo opransannn, pyxonocrno omecrneoro oenenx,
xax npannno, ocymecrnnxercx onerom yupenrene, mnm copanem nnn
oneunrentcxnm onerom, uro sa]nxcnponao n crane oenenx.
npannene opransanne moxo ycnono pasennrt a na yponx -crparernuecxn,
re pemenx npnnmamrcx pannenem, onerom oenenx nnn cnonnrenttm
npexropom (uro raxxe ]nxcnpyercx n crane), n oneparnno-raxrnuecxn, re pemenx
npnnmamrcx amnncrpanne oenenx, nxnmuamme meexepon n
xoopnaropon (pnc.6).
axo opra ynpannenx, xax oneunrentcxn coner xapaxrepe rontxo nx
omecrnetx ]oon.
orponto-pennsnot opra (pennsnoax xomnccnx) ocymecrnnxer xorpont sa
]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrtm omecrneoro oenenx.
30
Rnuk
e (pn
qpe)
c en psp s pnuuk
qp, npn r ppr pr qp
pu nr nn,
nuser ppe qp, kpr
qpr skpue
u
u
p

np
e
n
Rn

pe

k
p
npe
n
(r
uu
npp
rp

u*
u

<
"3

e
:

e
p
p

.
n
u
u
p
npe
n
en
k
pkepe
pnu
uk
psu
, pu
enpe,
kpu
nn k
kku

krnu
pp
p
npen

pu
-
pe
s
u
p
en
kpu
s
qe-
sne-

pnu
uk
psu
nc. 6. prat ynpannenx exommepuecxo
opransanne
.. axatxona, .. axantcxax, .. anmuexo, ., cauena, n xnre
naconoe ynpannene npnmnn x ntnoy, uro xomnerennx ooro ns opraon
ynpannenx e onxa ynnponart nnn npornnopeunrt xomnerennn pyroro opraa
ynpannenx |136, .82,85|.
anpnmep, cocrannene n ncnonene mxeron xnnxmrcx ]yxnnxmn
amnncrpannn (ncnonnrento npexnnn), a paccmorpene, yrnepxene n xorpont
ncnonenx mxeron - ]yxnnxmn ntcmero opraa ynpannenx .
annsnpyx opmarnnte rpeonanx neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx
oenenxx am cneyer nponsnecrn cpanene ocontx rpeonan x neenm
yxranrepcxoro yuera a reppnropnn occnn npexnnxemtx x xommepuecxnm
opransannxm n omecrnetm oenenxm (ran. 1).
annna 1
panene ocontx rpeonan x neenm yxranrepcxoro yuera
xommepuecxnx n exommepuecxnx opransann
$
4 +

$6

" 2 3
exrt yuera exramn
yxranrepcxoro yuera
xnnxmrcx nmymecrno
opransann, nx
oxsarentcrna n
xosxcrnete
onepannn,
ocymecrnnxemte
opransannxmn n
nponecce nx
exrentocrn.
exramn
yxranrepcxoro yuera
xnnxmrcx nmymecrno
opransann, nx
oxsarentcrna n
xosxcrnete
onepannn,
ocymecrnnxemte
opransannxmn n
nponecce nx
exrentocrn. pn +rom
on e moryr trt
nerapnsannx pononrcx. pononrcx.
nerapnsannx
nmymecrna, nocrynnnmero
no oronopy apenx
nponsnonrcx orento.
na cueron cnontsonane
craaproro nnaa
cueron yxranrepcxoro
yuera.
cnontsonane
craaproro nnaa cueron
yxranrepcxoro yuera.
32
poonxene ran.1
1 2 3
oxymernponane
xosxcrnetx
onepann
oxymert cocrannxmrcx
no yn]nnnponatm
craaprtm ]opmam,
yrnepxetm
ocxomcrarom , a npn
nx orcyrcrnnn
-paspaartnartcx camo
opransanne.
oxymert cocrannxmrcx
no yn]nnnponatm
craaprtm ]opmam,
yrnepxetm
ocxomcrarom , a npn nx
orcyrcrnnn
-paspaartnartcx camo
opransanne. e
cymecrnyer
yn]nnnponatx ]opm
oxymeron no orpaxenm
pxa nenentx
nocrynnen.
annrnuecxn yuer eercx. ate
aannrnuecxoro yuera
coornercrnymr ooporam
n ocrarxam no cueram
cnrernuecxoro yuera.
eercx. ate
aannrnuecxoro yuera
coornercrnymr ooporam
n ocrarxam no cueram
cnrernuecxoro yuera.
asentt yuer eercx pasentt yuer
nmymecrna, axoxmerocx
n cocrneocrn ao
opransannn, n
nmymecrna pyrnx
mpnnuecxnx nnn,
axoxmerocx y ee;
rexymnx sarpar a
nponsnocrno npoyxnnn
n xannranttx nnoxen.
eercx pasentt yuer
nmymecrna, axoxmerocx
n cocrneocrn ao
opransannn, n
nmymecrna pyrnx
mpnnuecxnx nnn,
axoxmerocx y ee;
rexymnx sarpar a
nponsnocrno npoyxnnn
n xannranttx nnoxen.
eercx pasentt yuer
npenpnnmarentcxo n
ocono (ycrano)
exrentocrn.
pnmenmocrt pnmexmrcx nce. e npnmexmrcx 7/98,
8/01,/00,12/00,13/00,
14/00,16/02,17/02,20/03.
yxranrepcxax oruerocrt peocrannxercx
cornaco 4/99.
peycmorpe
ynpomet nopxox
]opmnponanx
oruerocrn nx .
peocrannxercx cornaco
4/99.
peycmorpe
ynpomet nopxox
]opmnponanx oruerocrn
nx omecrnetx
oenen.
nennannsnpona
ax oruerocrt
peocrannxercx n
nnnesnpymmn opra,
npn ocymecrnnenn
nnnesnpyemtx nnon
exrentocrn.
peocrannxercx n
nnnesnpymmn opra,
npn ocymecrnnenn
nnnesnpyemtx nnon
exrentocrn.
oepxarentte n
]naconte oruert
npecrannxmrcx
xeprnonarenxm n n
perncrpnpymmn opra.
33
poonxene ran. 1
1 2 3
pnmeene xsarento npn xsarento npn
ocymecrnnenn nmn ocymecrnnenn nmn
annutx eextx annutx eextx
pacueron n cnyuaxx
npoaxn
pacueron n cnyuaxx
npoaxn ronapon, ntnonenx
paor
ronapon, ntnonenx paor
nnn oxasanx ycnyr. nnn oxasanx ycnyr.
e npnmexmrcx
npn nocrynnenn
nsocon,
onopx o cxocrnax xommepuecxnx opransann n omecrnetx oenen,
nsyuax re xe ncrounxn, moxo ntnecrn cneymmee:
onyuene pecypcon nyrem ometx onepann nponsnonrcx a ptxe:
npnoperene rpya, marepnanon, oopyonanx nnn npana nx
ncnontsonanx nyrem onnart nnn cornamenx onnarnrt nx nosxe
nonyuene samon.
ontmncrno onepann xommepuecxnx opransann ntnonxmrcx c
ncnontsonanem ptoutx ne.
eannsannx npoyxnnn n ycnyr (nora no sanxetm neam).
axnm opasom, mt moxem saxnmunrt, uro npanonoe oecneuene exrentocrn
nmoro mpnnuecxoro nnna oxnartnaer pasnnute acnexrt ]nacono-xosxcrneo
exrentocrn opransannn n nxnmuaer ]opmnponane n neene yxranrepcxoro yuera.
nce xe acxontxo eoxonm yxranrepcxn yuer exommepuecxnm opransannxm?
ax noxastnaer ontr ecrnymmnx a reppnropnn nxeropocxo onacrn,
omecrnete oenenx ocymecrnnxmr xosxcrneym exrentocrt (nponsnonr
pacxot a ocymecrnnene npoexron, auncnene sapaoro nnart, npou.), xorx e
ncera ocymecrnnxmr npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt. neyx nornxe
saxooarentcrna |8|, omecrnete oenenx moryr ecrnonart es perncrpannn,
r.e. e onaart crarycom mpnnuecxoro nnna. aom cnyuae oenenx e
nmemr npano a ocymecrnnene oonx nnon exrentocrn n yxranrepcxn yuer e
neyr, r.x. n coornercrnnn c N129 |13| yxranrepcxn yuer neercx
opransanne c momera
34
rocyapcrneo perncrpannn. exrom xe yxranrepcxoro yuera xnnxercx
enocpecrneo xosxcrneax exrentocrt. neonarento, omecrnetm
oenenxm, n cnyuae npnxrnx pemenx o neenn nocroxo ]nacono-
xosxcrneo exrentocrn mt pexomeonann t saperncrpnponartcx n
ycraonneom saxooarentcrnom nopxxe.
yxranrepcxn yuer epasptno cnxsa c saxooarentcrnom n perynnpyercx
opmarnntmn oxymeramn.
npnmepy, yxranrepcxn yuer n omecrnetx oenenxx
ocontnaercx a cneymmnx npannnax:
(inancial cconting tanars oar) nsaer craaprt nx uacrtx
exommepuecxnx opransann
orne npannna yxranrepcxoro yuera nnsxn x npannnam nx
xommepuecxnx opransann
epeuncnnm oconte craaprt yuera n : CN4 - Henn ]nacono
oruerocrn nx exommepuecxnx opransann -93 - pnsane amoprnsannn nx
exommepuecxnx opransann -99 - aepxxa art npnsanx amoprnsannn
exommepuecxnmn opransannxmn -116 - uer cenatx n nonyuetx
noxeprnonan -117 - naconax oruerocrt exommepuecxnx opransann
-124 - uer onpeenetx nnecrnnn n exommepuecxnx opransannxx IN-42
- uer nepeaun axrnnon nx exommepuecxnx opransann t moxem cxasart, uro n
occnn, opransannx yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx
ocymecrnnxercx a oconann entx npanontx n meroonornuecxnx ocon
yxranrepcxoro yuera, ycraonnetx a reppnropnn occncxo eepannn, xoropte
onpeenet eepanttm saxoom " yxranrepcxom yuere" or 21 oxpx 1996r.
N129- n onoxenem no neenm yxranrepcxoro yuera n oruerocrn n ,
yrnepxetm npnxasom n]na
7'
or 29 nmnx 1998r. N34 (c nsmeenxmn n ononenxmn) - nepnt yponet cncremt
nsanmocnxsatx opmarnntx axron.
onoxenx no yxranrepcxomy yuery cocrannxmr nropo yponet cncremt
opmarnnoro perynnponanx, n rom uncne n n omecrnetx oenenxx.
annsnpyx moxo ormernrt, uro a npaxrnxe omecrnetmn
oenenxmn e npnmexmrcx cneymmne otrnx nocne oruero art
( 7/98), cnonte ]axrt xosxcrneo exrentocrn ( 8/01), ]opmannx
o a]]nnnponat nnnax ( 11/2000), ]opmannx no cermeram ( 12/2000),
uer rocyapcrneo nomomn" ( 13/2000), uer emarepnantt axrnnon
(14/2000), "]opmannx no npexpamaemo exrentocrn (16/02), "uer
pacxoon a ayuo-nccneonarentcxne, ontro-xocrpyxropcxne n rexonornuecxne
paort" ( 17/02), "]opmannx o yuacrnn n conmecro exrentocrn" (
20/03).
.. axatxona, .. axantcxax, .. anmuexo, .. cauena, conocrannxnn
, npnmexemte n omecrnetx oenenxx, n npnmnn x aanornuomy ntnoy.
.R. omontcxn cunraer |70, c.21-22|, uro 9/99 n 10/99 npnmexmrcx
rontxo npn ocymecrnnenn npenpnnmarentcxo n no exrentocrn. o menm
anropa, no repmnom nax exrentocrt paspaorunxn nmenn n nny
exrentocrt, npnocxmym oxo, o e oreceym ]eepanttm saxooarentcrnom
x npenpnnmarentcxo. anpnmep, oconym nnarym exrentocrt omecrnetx
opasonarenttx yupexen n oconym nnarym exrentocrt opransann
xyntrypt.
pn +rom oxoom n 9/99 npnsaercx ynennuene +xoomnuecxnx ntro n
pesyntrare nocrynnenx axrnnon n (nnn) noramene oxsarentcrn, npnnoxmee x
ynennuenm xannrana +ro opransannn, sa ncxnmuenem nxnaon yuacrnxon
(cocrneoro nmymecrna), a no pacxoamn cornaco 10/99 nopasymenaercx
ymetmene +xoomnuecxnx ntro n pesyntrare nttrnx axrnnon (eextx
cpecrn, noro nmymecrna) n (nnn) nosnxonene
78
oxsarentcrn, npnnoxmee x ymetmenm xannrana +ro opransannn, sa
ncxnmuenem ymetmenx nxnaon yuacrnxon (cocrneoro nmymecrna).
axnm opasom, mt roront cornacnrcx c rouxo spenx, uro npn ocymecrnnenn
ocono ycrano enpenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn rontxo sa cuer nenenoro
]nacnponanx e npnmexmrcx ate .
neyer ormernrt, uro omecrnete oenenx n mxerte opransannn
npecrannxmr coo paste cexropt +xoomnxn. nna cueron, yrnepxet nx
mxertx opransann, n omecrnetx e npnmexercx, axe npn yuacrnn
mxeron pasnnuoro yponx n nx ]nacnponann.
na cueron yxranrepcxoro yuera, ncrpyxnnx no ero npnmeenm, npoune
ncrpyxnnn n meronuecxne yxasanx cocrannxmr rpern yponet cncremt.
erneprt yponet cncremt cocrannxmr: yuerax nonnrnxa oenenx n pyrne
nyrpene oxymert, xax-ro rpa]nx nponeenx nnerapnsannn, oxymerooopora,
npoune npnxast.
ocxontxy yxranrepcxn yuer xnnxercx cncremo copa, perncrpannn n oomenx
n]opmannn oo ncex xosxcrnetx onepannxx oenenx, ro n pamxax
yxranrepcxoro yuera nosnxaer nonpoc pacuera n yuera anorontx nnarexe. onopx o
yxranrepnn, enosmoxo oorn nonpoc o anoroonoxenn.
ncrema anoroonoxenx oxastnaer ceptesoe nnnxne a ]naconoe cocroxne
omecrneoro oenenx - no-nepntx, n uacrn yuera pacxoon, no-nroptx, xax on
ns meroon mornnannn exrentocrn, n-rpertnx, xax on ns norennanttx, cxptrtx
ncrounxon ]nacnponanx omecrneoro oenenx.
mecrnete oenenx, apane c opransannxmn pyrnx opransannoo-
npanontx ]opm ecrnymr n coornercrnnn c anorontm oexcom .
.R. omontcxn, npn pemenn nonpoca o ntope opransannoo-npanono ]opmt
npn cosann onoro mpnnuecxoro nnna, pexomeyer yunrtnart nent px ]axropon:
nporpammo-crparernuecxne nenn; annune anorontx ntror;
37
nmnx ro nnn no ]opmt n macconom omecrneom cosann; nosmoxocrt
npnnneuenx ononnrentoro ]nacnponanx or uneon oenenx
mpnnuecxnx n ]nsnuecxnx nnn n cnyuae cosanx unecxo opransannn; nosmoxocrt
nnxnnannn oenenx no pemenm yupenrene; npano a saxrne
npenpnnmarentcxn exrentocrtm; oxsarentocrt aynra; nosmoxocrt npnsanx
oenenx ecocroxrento (axporom); npocrora ynpannenx, n rom uncne nerxocrt
nnn cnoxocrt nponeypt costna omero copanx, noro ntcmero opraa ynpannenx,
n morne pyrne. |70, . 18|
ro rouxy spenx, noepxnnaer n cnoe xnre .R. epemexo, npana, oa
ntenxer cemt acnexron ntopa ro nnn no opransannoo-npanono ]opmt |134, c.
16|.
axooarento onpeeneo npano anoronnarentmnxon nontsonartcx ntroramn no
ynnare anoron n npeocrannxrt anorontm opraam oxymert, nornepxammne
npano a ntrort. , nocxontxy, npnmeene ntror - +ro npano omecrneoro
oenenx, n n nrepecax exommepuecxo opransannn ncnontsonart +ro npano.
auacrym a npaxrnxe o 90 omecrnetx oenen e moryr nocnontsonartcx
atmn ntroramn, uro cnxsao, npexe ncero, c onnnem rpeonan opmarnntx
axron n ornnunem meronx nx npnmeenx n xaxom pernoe. ecrnymmee anoronoe
saxooarentcrno e npeycmarpnnaer eno cncremt ntror nx omecrnetx
oenen.
nepno c anpenx no nmt 2003 roa, npononnact cepnx uertpex pernoanttx
xpyrntx cronon yrn nsanmoecrnnx n opraon rocyapcrneo nnacrn n
ropoax axr-erepypr, aparon, amapa, xarepnypr, opransonatx conmecro c
pecrannrentcrnom annoantt emoxparnuecxn ncrnryr mexyapotx
oromen (), occncxnm npecrannrentcrnom narornopnrento opransannn
apnrns 3 ayem (ennxopnranx) n cconnanne n samnry npan
nsnparene onoc. x nentm tno amernrt nosmoxte ]opmt n mexansmt
nsanmoecrnnx exommepuecxnx opransann c enyraramn n
38
nonnrnxamn no nponemam conepmecrnonanx npanono ast exrentocrn
exommepuecxnx opransann n ycnnenx nx ponn n saxooarentom nponecce. tnn
ntenet cneymmne nponemt saxooarentoro perynnponanx exrentocrn
exommepuecxnx opransann:
2.31 axot e paoramr: er mexansmon peannsannn saxoon n cnyuaxx, xora on
e xnnxmrcx saxoamn npxmoro ecrnnx (npnmep axo r. aparona
rocyapcrneo noepxxe )
2.32 er coornercrnnx mexy eepanttm n pernoanttm saxooarentcrnom
2.33 rcyrcrnyer npanonax asa nsanmoecrnnx opraon rocyapcrneo nnacrn
() n a ]eepantom ypone
2.34 axooarento e saxpenne mexansm yuacrnx n saxoornopuecrne,
no+romy saxooarentte nnnnarnnt n npenoxenx e ncera
paccmarpnnamrcx n yunrtnamrcx
2.35 eoxonma cncremarnsannx saxooarentcrna, perynnpymmero exrentocrt
(moxer trt, n nne cnoa saxoon nnn xoexca )
2.36 ponet mpnnuecxo rexnxn saxoon ouet nsxn.
2.37 ymecrnyer nponema anoroonoxene rparon
2.38 e nce moryr nonyuart noxeprnonanx n coornercrnnn c (nponema
anoroonoxenx nenentx nocrynnen cr. 251 )
2.39 ymecrnyer nponema anoroonoxenx anorom a oanneym cronmocrt
() esnosmeso nomomn n ycnyr, oxastnaemtx
R.rcyrcrnne anorontx ntror xommepuecxnm opransannxm-narornopnrenxm
(anoronoe saxooarentcrno e crnmynnpyer pasnnrne narornopnrento
exrentocrn xommepuecxnx xomnan)
.ymecrnyer nponema anoroonoxenx oxoon , nonyuaemtx or
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn n anpannxemtx sarem a ocymecrnnene
ycrano exommepuecxo exrentocrn
12.ymecrnyer nponema saxooarentoro perynnponanx ocryna x
n]opmannn
39
I.memrcx eocrarxn npanonoro perynnponanx paort opraon nnacrn c
opamenxmn rpaxa 14.ymecrnyer nponema npanonoro perynnponanx
nponeypt nponeenx
nynnutx axnn (mecrnn, mnrnron, emocrpann n r.n.) `.axooarentcrno
e npeocrannxer npano ecrnonart n samnry
omecrnetx nrepecon ( ) I.ymecrnyer nosmoxocrt
npnocraonnenx exrentocrn omecrnetx
oenen es cyeoro pemenx 17.e saxpenneo n saxooarentcrne npano
ocymecrnnxrt xorpont sa exrentocrtm (coornercrnymmax nonpanxa n
saxo e npomna). axooarentoe ycraonnene cncremt
omecrneoro xorponx, n r.u. nneene noxrnx omecrnet
xorpont (coornercrnymmax nonpanxa n omecrnetx oenenxx tna
npnxra n rpex urenxx n 1999 roy, o orxnoea ) 18.ymecrnyer
nponema npanonoro perynnponanx oponontuecrna 19.xecrouene nonoxen
saxoa memaer xypanncram ocnemart
exrentocrt n oocnrt nonnrnuecxym n]opmannm o rpaxa
20.3axooarento e yperynnponao noxrne connantoe naprepcrno (nmeercx n
nny naprepcrno nnacrn n ), e onpeenet mexansmt paspaorxn n
peannsannn connanttx nporpamm. 21.rcyrcrnyer ]eepantt saxo
connantom saxase. 22 .e paspaorat n e yrnepxet craaprt connanttx
ycnyr
anns onocre saxooarentcrna noxastnaer, uro n]n occnn cunraer
nosmoxtm n nepcnexrnne cosart cnennantt anoront pexnm nx exrentocrn
narornopnrenttx n exommepuecxnx opransann. +rom a ncrpeue c uneamn
amepnxacxo roprono nanart n occnn saxnnn nepnt samecrnrent mnncrpa
]nacon epre aranon,
axo o nouepxyn: "axo pexnm yer nosmoxe rontxo npn nono
npospauocrn exrentocrn +rnx opransann n ynepeocrn rocyapcrna n rom,
40
uro o yer ncnontsonartcx rontxo +rnmn xomnanxmn". raxxe ormernn, uro noxa
xaxnx-nno cymecrnetx nsmeen n pexnme anoroonoxenx raxnx opransann
n]n e npenaraer.
s +roro cneyer, uro omecrnete oenenx, ocymecrnnxmmne cnom
exrentocrt a nenente cpecrna, onxt trt npeento nnmarentt n axxypart
n neenn yxranrepcxoro yuera n cocrannenn oruerocrn: npn apymenn anoronoro
saxooarentcrna n npnmeenn mrpa]tx caxnn nponcxonr ornneuene nenentx
cpecrn.
esmmnpyx aym remy, xorenoct t ormernrt, uro omecrnete oenenx
crapamrcx onrtcx xcocrn n nonpocax opmarnno-npanonoro perynnponanx nx
exrentocrn.
npnmepy, omnrer ocyapcrneo ymt no enam omecrnetx oenen n
pennrnostx opransann n naprepcrne c pecrannrentcrnom porpammt asnnrnx
pransannn enetx ann n occncxo eepannn c max 2003 roa
npncrynnn x ocymecrnnenm poexra oecrnne n conepmecrnonann n pasnnrnn
saxooarento ast erocyapcrnetx exommepuecxnx opransann n
exommepuecxoro (rpertero) cexropa.
1!% $

yxranrepcxn yuer npecrannxer coo naxt +nemer n]pacrpyxrypt

+xoomnxn, cnxstnammn noeno nce rpn cexropa - rocyapcrnet, xommepuecxn n
exommepuecxn.
rnnune cncremt neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx or
xommepuecxnx opransann cnxsao, npexe ncero, co cnenn]nxo nx exrentocrn n
ocoeocrxmn ee anoroonoxenx. eoxonmo oparnrt nnmane a ro, uro
saauamn yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx xnnxmrcx yuer n
xorpont sa nenentm
&"
ncnontsonanem nonyuetx cpecrn, neene pasentoro yuera ocono n
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, ecnn raxonax n oenenn nmeer mecro.
e cexper, uro n ornnune or xommepuecxnx crpyxryp, n exommepuecxnx opransannxx
er cnennanto ntenetx ]nacontx, pacuero-nnaontx orenon n yxranrepnn.
anonee pacnpocrpaeo cnryanne xnnxercx ra, xora n oenenn ecrt on
cnennanncr c +xoomnuecxnm opasonanem, xoropt otuo sanmaer onxocrt
rnanoro yxranrepa.
paxrnxa noxastnaer, uro n xpyntx omecrnetx oenenxx, c pasnernneo
crpyxrypo, nomnmo rnanoro yxranrepa moxer trt ononnrentt
ncnomorarentt nepcoan yxranrepnn- yxranrept orenttx npoexron, xaccnp.
nennanttx corpynxon, sanmammnxcx ]nacontm ynpannenem npocro er, nopo
+ry ]yxnnm eper a cex pyxononrent, uacrt ]yxnn nepeaercx xoopnaropam
orenttx npoexron n r.. ontmncrne xe cnyuaen nce ]yxnnn nepeamrcx
yxranrepnn. acnpocrpaeo omnxo xnnxercx conmemene onxocrn xaccnpa n
rnanoro yxranrepa n omecrneom oenenn. ornaco ecrnymmemy
poccncxomy saxooarentcrny nant yxranrep moxer ntnonxrt oonpemeo
oxsaocrn xaccnpa rontxo n mantx npenpnxrnxx, xoropte n coornercrnnn c
onpeenenem, npeycmorpeom saxooarentcrnom, xnnxmrcx xommepuecxnmn
opransannxmn. rouxn spenx oopon, ]nacnpymmnx npoexrt omecrneoro
oenenx raxxe conmemene rnantm yxranrepom ]yxnnn xaccnpa, yxranrepa
npoexra n cnonx ocontx oxsaocre raxxe xnnxercx ]axropom pncxa. cnn on n
ror xe corpynx ntnonxer nce ]yxnnn, ro a ero nosnoxea cnnmxom ontmax
ornercrneocrt, +ro cnxaer ycrounnocrt oenenx n crannr no yrposy
ntnonene npoexra. orpont sa nenentm ncnontsonanem cpecrn npaxrnuecxn
enosmoxe, ecnn on corpynx orneuaer sa cosane nepnnutx oxymeron,
cocrannene oruerocrn no atm +rnx nepnnutx oxymeron n xorpont sa
npannntocrtm cocrannenx oruerocrn.
42
e nponemt ontmncrna omecrnetx oenen annune
econepmeo opransannoo crpyxrypt, orcyrcrnne onoxenx o
opmmsannono crpyxrype, uerxo pernamernpymmero saaun, oxsaocrn, pana n
cormunnenocrt pyxononrene n yuacrnxon orenttx npoexron, nporpamm n
amnncrparnntx corpynxon. axoe cocroxne en erarnno orpaxaercx a
exrentocrn oenenx n npnnonr, c oo cropot, x opasonanm "ysxnx mecr'" n
nnae npeocrannenx n aannsa n]opmannn, c pyro - ynnponanx atx (xora
paste nmn sanmamrcx nororonxo oo n ro xe n]opmannn).
a at acnexr nponemt yxastnaer n ,, yrpn |143, c.9

134-137|,
ncnontsonanmn nx onexn cnryannn ate axernponanx o cocroxnn
yxranrepcxoro yuera n , nponeeoro n 2000 roy ocyntrannot
nerp no npany n anoroonoxenm.
onyuete pesyntrart axernponanx noxastnamr oromene yxranrepcxomy
yuery n *'"! esyntrart cnnerentcrnymr, uro uacrt opransannn (19), nmex
cnoxocrn c nocraonxo n neenem yxranrepcxoro yuera, e yxaercx, o nx
cnonam, n nponeenn nponepxn ero npannntocrn.
i L nuue L nuue Rp
. 7. nuue R k pk
r
exoroptx axerax tno npxmo yxauao, uro yxranrepcxn yuer e neercx nnn
xe omecrnete oenenx yxranrepcxn yuer e neyr (. pn +rom axert
sanonxnnct pyxonoxmnm cocranom cymecrnymmnx ecxontxo ner opransannn.
43
unrtnax, uro y pyxononrene sanxeoe oromene x naxocrn saau
yxranrepcxoro yuera n onee 73 onpometx e nmemr nosmoxocrn onnaunnart
nontmene xnann]nxannn yxranrepa, n exommepuecxom cexrope cnoxocrn c
yxranrepcxnm yuerom ncntrtnaer nononna onpometx (cm. pnc.7). rpa]e
npouee yxastnanoct nnn anmeonane xoxpero nponemt n yxranrepcxom yuere,
c xoropo ecrt cnoxocrn, nnn yxastnancx npemeo nepno (anpnmep, croxno
nora). ontmncrno onpometx (48) onennamr nocraonxy n neene
yxranrepcxoro yuera n cnoem oenenn xax yonnernopnrentoe, n nnmt 10 - xax
ornnuoe.
coornercrnnn c saxooarentcrnom |12, rn.6, cr.32|, pasmept n crpyxrypa oxoon
omecrneoro oenenx, a raxxe cneenx o pasmepax n cocrane ero nmymecrna, o
ero pacxoax, uncneocrn n cocrane paornxon, o onnare nx rpya, o ncnontsonann
esnosmesoro rpya rpaxa n exrentocrn omecrneoro oenenx e moryr
trt npemerom xommepuecxo rat.
. panomtcnona, . pyryx, R.auanona, .yptrna, . ononena npnnoxr
px npnun, nouemy morne omecrnete oenenx e pacnpocrpaxmr cnon
oruert sa npeenamn cnonx oenen |120, c.4|. nropt cunramr, uro, no-nepntx, n
occnn e cymecrnyer rpannnn oxsarento orxptro oruerocrn omecrnetx
opransann. o-nroptx, ontmncrno ns nx nmeer nectma esaunrentte anoronte
ntrort nnn e nmemr nx nonce, no+romy e cunraer eoxonmtm npeanart ornacxe
cnon ]naconte ena. axoen, morne oenenx e a]nmnpymr cnon oxot,
onacaxct sanncrnnnoro n eopoxenarentoro oromenx. ncremy ynpannenx
raxxe noxa entsx cunrart emoxparnuo n orxptro.
ccneonane opmarnntx axron noxasano, uro n occnn nce oenenx, sa
ncxnmuenem mxertx, npecrannxmr roonym yxranrepcxym oruerocrt n
coornercrnnn c yupenrenttmn oxymeramn yupenrenxm, yuacrnxam oenenx
nnn cocrnenxam ee nmymecrna, a raxxe reppnropnanttm opraam rocyapcrneo
crarncrnxn no mecry nx perncrpannn.
44
opxox npeocrannenx n
cocran yxranrepcxo
oruerocrn
> 1'
mecrnetmn
oenenxmn,
ocymecrnnxmmnmn
npenpnnmarentcxym
exrentocrt
mecrnetmn
oenenxmn, e
ocymecrnnxmmnmn
npenpnnmarentcxym
exrentocrt
.9:;;;;;;;;;
"
oonax
yxran
oruerocrt
npe; reuene
90 e 60
e)
xnaprantax
-e no
oxoua
ocran
yxranr
oruerocrn
am
>(- --------?@
.@----------
repcxax
ycrannxercx n A
(o e paee
couamm roa,
n reuene 30
|n xnaprana,
rpcxo mrnue
mepuecxo
oonax yxranrepcxax
oruerocrt
npecrannxercx on pas n ro.
cocran yxranrepcxo oruerocrn
nxnmuamrcx:
1. yxranrepcxn anac
2. ruer o npntnxx n
ytrxax
3. ruer o nenenom
ncnontsonann nonyuetx
cpecrn.
nc. 8. opxox npeocrannenx n cocran yxranrepcxo oruerocrn
omecrnetmn oenenxmn
&'
coeocrn npeocrannenx oruerocrn omecrnetmn oenenxmn
paccmorpnm a pnc.8.
mecrneoe oenene npeocrannxer n]opmannm o cnoe exrentocrn
opraam rocyapcrneo perncrpannn, crarncrnxn n anorontm opraam, yupenrenxm
n ntm nnnam n coornercrnnn c saxooarentcrnom occncxo eepannn n
yupenrenttmn oxymeramn omecrneoro oenenx. ntm nontsonarenxm
yxranrepcxo oruerocrn moxo orecrn rparoarene, narornopnrene, uneon
oenenx.
coornercrnnn c or 23 nmnx 1998 roa N 123- necenn nsmeen n
ononen n ]eepantt saxo " yxranrepcxom yuere" |13| omecrnete
opransannn (oenenx) n nx crpyxrypte nopasenenx, e ocymecrnnxmmne
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn n e nmemmne xpome nttnmero nmymecrna
ooporon no peannsannn ronapon (paor, ycnyr), npecrannxmr yxranrepcxym
oruerocrt rontxo on pas n ro no nroram orueroro roa n ynpomeom cocrane.
+ro crpouxe saxnmuaercx saxooarentt nponycx, a raxxe nornepxenx
nocpecrneoro sanx exommepuecxnx opransann saxooarenem. saxoe yxasao
omecrnete oenenx (opransannn). o, cneyx rexcry exommepuecxnx
opransannxx n mecrnetx oenenxx |8, 12|, omecrneax opransannx -
oa ns opransannoo-npanontx ]opm omecrnetx oenen. osnxaer
nonpoc: nce nn omecrnete oenenx nonaamr no ntrory, nnn xe rontxo
opransannn? nnxercx nn cnono n cxoxax yrouxmmnm?
pnxas n]na or 22.07.2003 N 67, rax xe e nocnr xcocrn n aym
cnryannm |44|. penonaraem, uro aax ]opmynnponxa orocnrcx xo ncem
omecrnetm oenenxm.
mecrnete oenenx, ocymecrnnxmmne npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt,
a raxxe omecrnete oenenx (esanncnmo or ocymecrnnxemo exrentocrn),
xoropte e xnnxmrcx omecrnetmn,
46
npeocrannxmr yxranrepcxym oruerocrt exexnapranto. xauecrne npnmepa, n
]naconym oruerocrt exommepuecxnx opransann n nxnmuaercx:
ruer o rexyme exrentocrn (perating statements);
anac (alance eet);
ruer o nnxenn eextx cpecrn (Cas low tatement).
anonee naxtm yxranrepcxnm oruerom nx exommepuecxnx opransann
xnnxercx ruer o rexyme exrentocrn (perating statements). 3ror oruer noxastnaer
cymmt oxoon n pacxoon n reuene orueroro nepnoa a ocone meroa auncnenx.
nxxx nnnx oruera - nsmeene n uncrtx axrnnax (aanor uncro npntnn nx
xommepuecxnx opransann).
naconax oruerocrt exommepuecxnx opransann orpanuea n cnoe
nosmoxocrn npeocrannxrt npxmte xpnrepnn onexn xauecrna ronapon n ycnyr ns-sa
orcyrcrnnx onpeenetx ptoutx ne nnn crenen yonnernopenx norpeocre
norpenrene.
ruerocrt exommepuecxnx opransann n moxer ornnuartcx, rax xax
cymecrnymr paste rnnt exommepuecxnx opransann.
cnxsn c nenentm xapaxrepom nonyuaemtx cpecrn (n ornnune or xommepuecxoro
cexropa), ]opmnpyemte n yxranrepcxom yuere n oruerocrn omecrneoro
oenenx ate e ocrarout nx ]opmnponanx menx o nx +]]exrnnom
ncnontsonann n opransannn ocrarouoro xorponx sa atmn cpecrnamn.
ax npannno, napannento c ]nacontm oruerom narornopnrenm npeocrannxercx
n coepxarentt oruer, xoropt coepxnr onncane nponeetx meponpnxrn n
onexy nx +]]exrnnocrn. peonanx noooro poa saxooarentcrnom npexnneo
nnmt x narornopnrenttm opransannxm. |11,.4,cr.19,n.2|
mecrneoe oenene, ecnn no nopxox e ycraonne ]eepanttmn
saxoamn o orenttx nnax omecrnetx oenen, npecrannxer n
ynonomouet opra (ero reppnropnantt opra, x xomnerennn xoroporo oreceo
npnxrne pemenx o rocyapcrneo perncrpannn +roro
47
oenenx), oxymert, coepxamne oruer o ee exrentocrn, cneenx o
nepcoantom cocrane ee pyxonoxmnx opraon. raxxe oxymert, coepxamne
cneenx o pacxoonann eextx cpecrn n ncnontsonann noro nmymecrna, n rom
uncne nonyuetx or mexyapotx n nocrpatx opransann, nocrpatx
rpaxa n nnn es rpaxacrna, exeroo, e nosee 15 anpenx roa, cneymmero sa
oruertm.
e cmorpx a rpeonanx saxooarentcrna n npeocrannenn raxo n]opmannn, a
ceroxmn et oenenx cnoot n ntope ]opm n meroon oneenx o
ynonomoueoro opraa, cnonx narononyuarene, oopon n omecrna e]nacono
n]opmannn o cnoe exrentocrn.
naconax (yxranrepcxax) n]opmannx, coepxamaxcx n yuere n oruerocrn,
moxer trt orxptro n saxptro nx onpeenetx rpynn nontsonarene.
conoe ornnune mexy opransanne yxranrepcxoro yuera nroporo n rpertero
cexropa saxnmuaercx n cnocoe nonyuenx pecypcon. nmeo, xommepuecxne
opransannn npecrannxmr cnon ycnyrn xnnery, xoropt npnoperaer nx no ptoutm
neam. +ro, n omem cnyuae, ]opmnpyer pecypct nsec crpyxryp.
mecrnete oenenx nonyuamr saunrentte oemt pecypcon or
nocranmnxon (oopon, xeprnonarene, narornopnrene), xoropte e oxnamr sa nx
onnart nnn +xoomnuecxo ntrot.
ornnune or xommepuecxnx opransann, re ontmncrno onepann ntnonxercx c
ncnontsonanem ptoutx ne, omecrnete oenenx npnmexmr ocoym
neonym nonnrnxy nx cnonx nenentx rpynn nnn oxastnamr cnon ycnyrn a
esnosmeso ocone - nx cnonx nenentx rpynn. pn +rom c +xoomnuecxo rouxn
spenx, ycnyrn e xnnxmrcx ecnnartmn, o nnarnr sa nx rpertx cropoa, a nmeo
nocranmnx pecypcon, o xoropom ronopnnoct ntme.
sop saxoon n opmarnntx axron, perynnpymmnx yxranrepcxn yuer n
omecrnetx oenenxx, cnnerentcrnyer o moroopasnn nx connanto-
+xoomnuecxnx ]yxnn n npannn nx yuera. noxo ycraonnrt ente opmt,
48
anpnmep, nx norpenrentcxo xoonepannn, re uacrt npntnn moxer pacnpeenxrtcx
mexy namnxamn n nne oxoa a naente nsoct, n omecrnetx opransann, re
raxo npaxrnxn e cymecrnyer. o+romy naxer saxoon oexrnno eoxonm.
nepcnexrnne yxpennene ncrnrynnoanto-npanontx ocon ]yxnnonponanx
exommepuecxnx opransann norpeyer ntpaorxn n omnx saxooarenttx opm.
nx nenecoopasocrn cnnerentcrnyer sapyext ontr.
anpnmep, no ]panyscxom saxooarentcrne ntenxmrcx exommepuecxne omecrna,
exommepuecxne mpnnuecxne nnna: acconnannn n omecrna nsanmonomomn, aercx nx
xparxax xapaxrepncrnxa. axnm opasom, conepmecrnonane ncrnrynnoanto-
npanontx opm npenonaraer, c oo cropot, oomene npannn exrentocrn
pasnnutx exommepuecxnx opransann, a c pyro, - uerxym ]opmynnponxy nx
cnenn]nxn.
o menm .. oxca, ontrte omecrnete oenenx samr, uro pecypct
ncera orpanuet n uro nxora e tnaer ocrarouo npemen n cpecrn, urot
peannsonart ro, uro opransannx xorena t cenart |75, c. 134-135|. pn +rom, cunraer
oxc, pyxonocrno oenenx onxo xco nonmart, uro nce cpecrna, xoropte
nocrynamr n ee pacnopxxene, yt ro rpart, eexte noxeprnonanx nnn noapxn,
npeasauamrcx nx peannsannn ocono nenn exrentocrn oenenx. o+romy
nmte cpecrna onxt ncnontsonartcx a naropote nenn n rparnrcx pasymo.
ce ntmecxasaoe npenonaraer, uro opransannx onxa paspaorart rmarentym
nponeypy onpnxoonanx, ncnontsonanx n oruerocrn no ncnontsonanm ncex
nocrynammnx n ee pacnopxxene cpecrn. ce narornopnrenn (narornopnrentte
]ot, xommepuecxne n rocyapcrnete crpyxrypt) nmemr npano rpeonart or cnonx
narononyuarene eoxonmym oruerocrt, nxnmuax onncane roro, xax n a uro tnn
norpauet cpecrna n xaxont tnn pesyntrart peannsonatx npoexron.
opax penyrannx oenenx xnnxercx onm ns ee naxemnx pecypcon n nmeo
no+romy cneyer ee ncxuecxn epeut n noepxnnart. pransannx
4/
moxer sacnyxnrt nsnecrocrt cnoe noneso n naxo paoro, a raxxe pasymtm n
xopomo oxymernponatm ncnontsonanem pecypcon.
opransannxm c nooo penyranne, cpen nsnecrtx n amem ropoe n onacrn
exommepuecxnx opransann onaaer acconnannx "nyxene". prat nnacrn
acrpoet a nsanmoecrnne co "nyxenem", nocxontxy mexy nmn ycraonnncx
xopomn, xocrpyxrnnt nanor. ax ronopxr roccnyxamne, nnept "nyxenx"
npenaramr connantte npoexrt, xoropte on n cocroxnn peannsonart n xorxr nnmt
noepxxn marepnanto (nomemenx, connantax pexnama), a ]naconte pecypct
on nonyuamr ns rparon nocrpatx ]oon, a e or opraon nnacrn.
srnxt a ]naconoe nonoxene n meexmer cxoxrcx n rom, uro oprat
nnacrn e nmemr o nx npecrannenx. ensnecre roono mxer , ensnecro,
orxya epyrcx etrn n ensnecre yponet npo]eccnoannsma nnepon .
uenno, +ro ronopnr o crenen n]opmannoo orxptrocrn no oromenm x
opraam nnacrn.
uenno, uro y omecrnetx oenen n ame crpae, e c]opmnponaa
xyntrypa nynnuo oruerocrn n orxptro exrentocrn, uro no morom cnxsao, c
orcyrcrnnem uerxnx saxooarenttx craapron. exomeyercx, omecrnetm
opransannxm npononrt oxsarentym nponepxy ]nacontx oxymeron n cocroxnx
yxranrepcxo oruerocrn y cnennanncron-aynropon n oxsarentym nynnxannm
oruerocrn, nxnmuamme n coepxarentte acnexrt exrentocrn. .x. nx
npnnneuenx pecypcon oenenm eoxonmo nmert nxrym nent exrentocrn n
xopomym penyrannm. es +roro emorne cornacxrcx xeprnonart cnoe nnuoe npemx n
cepexenx.
50
& "

&!1 * $ +$

ont yxranrepcxoro yuera n, n xoeuom cuere, ]nacontx orueron cocronr n rom,
urot nomorart nmxm ntpaartnart xnann]nnnponate cyxenx n pemenx
orocnrento xosxcrneo ennnt. o cymecrny, yuerax n ]naconax
n]opmannx - +ro cnennantt nn ycnyr. ymecrnymr uertpe oconte xauecrnete
xapaxrepncrnxn ]nacono n]opmannn n coornercrnnn c I, nxnmuammne
noxrocrt, coornercrnne, aexocrt n cpannmocrt.
nnnute pemenx, npnnmaemte orenttmn nmtmn, xacamrcx raxnx nonpocon,
xax; ntenxrt nn etrn oenenm nnn er, ncxart nn paory n oenenn,
ocymecrnnxrt nn conmecrte npoexrt c atm omecrnetm oenenem n r..
osmoxo, exoropte ns +rnx pemen yyr npnnmartcx es ncnontsonanx
]nacono n]opmannn. axo ee ncnontsonane nontcnr xauecrno npnnmaemoro
pemenx.
e paspaoran orenttx npnnnnon yuera nx pasnnutx nnon exommepuecxnx
opransann, xoropte yunrtnann t cnenn]nuecxn craryc raxoro poa cyexron
xosxcrnonanx, sacrannxx nx n onacrn yxranrepcxoro yuera nontsonartcx
opmarnno aso, npeasaueo nx xommepuecxnx npenpnxrn nnn rontxo
mxertx yupexen, mt pncxyem nonyunrt or raxnx opransann eaexnarym
]naconym n]opmannm.
.. enma n cnoe paore 20-x roon ypc cueronocrna, nocnxmeo
cueronocrny omecrnetx xosxcrn, cunraer omecrnete xosxcrna
norpenrenttmn, rax xax oconax nx saaua ncxnmunrento yonnernopene
norpeocre, n npnoperene nar cnyxnr nx nx e nentm, a cpecrnom. s +roro
norpenrentcxoro xapaxrepa omecrnetx xosxcrn n
51
ntrexamr ocoeocrn yuera n nx. ro npemx xax naronpnxrt pesyntrar
uacroxosxcrneo exrentocrn ntpaxaercx n ynennuenn nepnoauantoro
xannrana, ycnemax exrentocrt omecrnetx xosxcrn ntpaxaercx n noxptrnn es
e]nnnra ncex eoxonmtx pacxoon, a rnanoe asauene yuera n oruerocrn n
raxnx xosxcrnax noxasart, xaxnmn cpecrnamn on pacnonarann n xax nx
ynorpennn, a raxxe conocrannrt cmerte npenonoxenx c ncnonenem c nentm
ntxcenx pesyntraron n npnun oxasanmecx pasnnt.
oexc +rnxn yxranrepa rpertero cexropa (exommepuecxo opransannn) rnacnr, uro
narornopnrentte oenenx ornercrnet sa crporn yuer nocrynammnx
noxeprnonan eextx n ntx marepnanttx cpecrn, nx aexoe xpaene,
cnpanennnoe pacnpeenene n ncnontsonane n coornercrnnn c nponosrnametmn
nenxmn.
pnuem onr yxranrepa omecrneoro oenenx ncemepo cnococrnonart
pemenm +rnx saau.
mecrnete oenenx nx ocymecrnnenx nocraonxn yxranrepcxoro yuera,
pyxonocrnyxct saxooarentcrnom occncxo eepannn o yxranrepcxom yuere,
opmarnntmn axramn nncrepcrna ]nacon occncxo eepannn n opraon,
xoroptm ]eepanttmn saxoamn npeocranneo npano perynnponanx yxranrepcxoro
yuera, camocroxrento ]opmnpymr cnom yuerym nonnrnxy c yuerom cnoe crpyxrypt,
orpacneno npnanexocrn n pyrnx ocoeocre exrentocrn.
nccneonanxx omecrnetx oenen, xax axaemnuecxoro xapaxrepa, rax n n
npnxnatx paorax npeonaamr nccneonanx nx n cocrane exommepuecxnx
opransann, pexe - paor, anpannete a nsyuene omecrnetx opransann
(xoropte, xax mt saem, xnnxmrcx uacrtm omecrnetx oenen). rex n pyrnx
ncnontsymrcx npaxrnuecxn onaxonte merot nccneonan.
esaunrento uncno paor ocnr uncro reopernuecxn xapaxrep - nx ocontm
nrorom epexo xnnxercx reopernuecxoe ocmtcnene ocoeocre
52
yueroro nponecca c yuerom orpacneno cnenn]nxn, nneene n ayut oopor ontx
repmnon n e]nnnn.
ontmncrno xe paor nmeer npnxnao xapaxrep, nosnonxmmn ntxnnrt n
npoaannsnponart cnenn]nxy opransannn yueroro nponecca n exommepuecxnx
opransannxx. o, x coxanenm, es onxoro nnmanx x nonpocam yxranrepcxoro
yuera nosnxammnx enocpecrneo n omecrnetx oenenxx. o+romy, n
antemem, npn paccmorpenn men anropon no pasnnutm nonpocam yuera n
omecrnetx oenenxx, n cctnxax sauacrym yer ]nrypnponart nmeo repmn
exommepuecxne opransannn.
onpoct ]opmnponanx yuero nonnrnxn omecrneoro oenenx .
axantcxo, .. npoxxono, .. axaptntm, R. arneentm, ..
nanmnpono, .R. oxontm |97, 98, 101, 67, p.| paccmorpet c rouxn spenx
rpeonan 1/98, es nsnoxenx cnenn]nxn oxymerantoro orpaxenx n ntopa
cnocoon yuera, onepann, xoropte e pernamernponat opmarnno-
saxooarenttmn axramn.
xnre naconoe ynpannene nx .. axatxono n pyrnmn anropamn
yrnepxaercx, uro yxranrepcxax onexa xnnxercx npensxro n oruerocrt
oenenx e coornercrnyer ecrnnrentocrn, ecnn raxonax onexa saunrento
santmea nnn sanxea. pensxrocrt ee noxnnxercx ns-sa enpannntoro ntopa
meroa nno ymtmneo, nno ns-sa orcyrcrnnx onxtx san y ncnonnrenx.
ntmeynomxyro paore exnapnpyercx, uro cymocrt yuero nonnrnxn n
]nacontx nponeyp xnnxercx xnmuentm momerom +rana opransannn n
xoopnannn, saxnmuammemcx n paspaorxe meronx n nponeyp npnnneuenx n
pacxoonanx cpecrn, pacnpeenenx nx no orenttm anpannenxm exrentocrn.
ecomet nrepec npecrannxmr cneenx, nsnoxete n paorax omontcxoro
.R., xoropt npenoxnn e rontxo pexomeannn no ]opmnponanm, o n opasen
yuero nonnrnxn exommepuecxo opransannn.
53
ronr ormernrt, uro rpamoro o]opmneax yuerax nonnrnxa, xoropax yunrtnaer
ocoeocrn neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx, a npaxrnxe
ncrpeuaercx pexo. ax npannno, npnnmaercx x ecrnnm yuerax nonnrnxa
xommepuecxnx opransann.
ax yrnepxaer .. omxna |88| - ommepuecxnm opransannxm, a am nsrnx,
nonesno ecxontxo ontme. Xorx t n oromenn nenenoro ]nacnponanx co cropot
rocyapcrna on moryr nocnontsonartcx meroonorne yxranrepcxoro yuera,
nsnoxeo n 13/2000 uer rocyapcrneo nomomn, yrnepxeo pnxasom
n]na N 92 or 16.10.2000r |33|.
t cunraem, uro yrnepxene yuero nonnrnxn omecrneoro oenenx a
ase yuero nonnrnxn xommepuecxo opransannn, cnxsao, npexe ncero, c
orcyrcrnnem opmarnno ast, yunrtnamme ocoeocrn exrentocrn
exommepuecxnx opransann, onxo xnann]nxannn cueroro nepcoana n
nosmoxocrn nontcnrt ero xnann]nxannm. exne xypct nontmenx xnann]nxannn
yxranrepon npenaramr nsyunrt ocoeocrn neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera n
omecrnetx oenenxx.
cocrane yuero nonnrnxe omecrneoro oenenx yrnepxamrcx:
"paoun nna cueron yxranrepcxoro yuera, coepxamn cnrernuecxne n
aannrnuecxne cuera, eoxonmte nx neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera n
coornercrnnn c rpeonanxmn cnoenpemeocrn n nonort yuera n oruerocrn;
]opmt nepnnutx yuertx oxymeron, npnmexemtx nx o]opmnenx
xosxcrnetx onepann, no xoroptm e npeycmorpet rnnonte ]opmt
nepnnutx yuertx oxymeron, a raxxe ]opmt oxymeron nx nyrpee
yxranrepcxo oruerocrn;
nopxox nponeenx nnerapnsannn n merot onexn nnon nmymecrna n
oxsarentcrn;
npannna oxymerooopora n rexonornx opaorxn yuero n]opmannn;
'&
nopxox xorponx sa xosxcrnetmn onepannxmn, a raxxe pyrne
pemenx, eoxonmte nx opransannn yxranrepcxoro yuera" |13, cr.6, n.|. (
npnmepy, nopxox neenx pasentoro yuera oxoon n pacxoon or
xommepuecxo exrentocrn n nenentx nocrynnen (nenentx pacxoon).
aauncxn .. nonaraer, uro n auane tno t npannnto noxasart n yuero
nonnrnxe opransannoym crpyxrypy aoro exommepuecxoro yupexenx (orpasnrt
nce crpyxrypte nopasenenx, ouepne opransannn, ]nnnant, npecrannrentcrna n
r.., npn annunn raxontx). yuero nonnrnxe eoxonmo noxasart mexansm
nsanmooromenx mexy ncemn crpyxrypamn n nopasenenxmn opransannn |123|.
am xaxercx aoe npenoxene nnone ooconatm npn annunn pasnernneo
crpyxrypt nopasenen oenenx.
onaraem, uro orcyrcrnne, opransonaoro n coornercrnnn c onoxenem o
oxymerax n oxymerooopore, yrnepxetm nncrepcrnom ]nacon 29 nmnx
1983 r., N 105 oxymerooopora n yxranrepnn, xnnxercx omnxo e rontxo
omecrnetx opransann. axo, yunrtnax neneno xapaxrep n uerxne cpoxn
]nacnponanx n ]nacono oruerocrn omecrnetx oenen,
pyxononrenxm n yxranrepam +rnx opransann, pexomeyercx, oparnrt a +ry uacrt
yuero nonnrnxn ocooe nnmane.
ate ntnot noepxnnamrcx xax pexomeannxmn saxooarene, rax n
paoramn .R. omontcxoro, .. axatxono, .. axantcxo, .. anmuexo,
.. caueno .., .. npoxxono, R. arneentm, .. aauncxnm, ..
axaptntm, .. nanmnpono, .R. oxona n p.
acroxmemy npemen nponecc ]opmnponanx rpa]nxa oxymerooopora c yuerom
cnenn]nxn exrentocrn omecrnetx opransann nsyue e ocrarouo.
memmnecx n nnreparype pexomeannn no cocrannenm yuero nonnrnxn oxoxr
cropoo oxymerooopor.
e ymanxx saunmocrn paor .R. omontcxnm, xoroptm tno npenoxeo
nonoxene o yuero nonnrnxe oenenx, cronr ormernrt, uro n nx
55
nonpoc opransannn oxymerooopora e amen orpaxenx |70|. acmraee
cnenn]nxa neenx oxymerooopora n orpaxea n paorax .. axatxono n
.. aauncxoro |136,123|.
.. axaptn n R. arneen |101| paccmarpnnann ocrarouo nopoo nonpoct
]opmnponanx yuero nonnrnxn, o oxymerooopor nmn tn, nnmt ncxontst
ynomxyr.
ax mt saem, nce xosxcrnete onepannn, npononmte opransanne, onxt
o]opmnxrtcx onpanarenttmn oxymeramn. 3rn oxymert cnyxar nepnnutmn
yuertmn oxymeramn, a oconann xoroptx neercx yxranrepcxn yuer. n
onxt coepxart ocronepte ate n cosanartcx cnoenpemeo, xax npannno, n
momer conepmenx onepannn. peonanx rnanoro yxranrepa no oxymerantomy
o]opmnenm xosxcrnetx onepann n npecrannenm n yxranrepcxym cnyxy
oxymeron n cneen oxsarentt nx ncex paornxon oenenx.
nnxene nepnnutx oxymeron n yxranrepcxom yuere, (cosane nnn nonyuene
or pyrnx npenpnxrn, npnxrne x yuery, opaorxa, nepeaua n apxnn-
oxymerooopor) pernamernpyercx rpa]nxom.
aory no cocrannenm rpa]nxa oxymerooopora opransyer rnant yxranrep.
pa]nx oxymerooopora paspaartnaercx n xone roa nx roro, urot npnmexrt ero
n cneymmem oonpemeo c yuero nonnrnxo, rax xax o xnnxercx ee eoremnemo
uacrtm. pa]nx yrnepxaercx npnxasom pyxononrenx oenenx. cex paornxon
oenenx saxomxr c pa]nxom.
pa]nx npeasaue nx ycraonnenx n oenenn pannoantoro
oxymerooopora, r.e. o npeycmarpnnaer onrnmantoe uncno nopasenen n
ncnonnrene nx npoxoxenx xaxtm nepnnutm oxymerom, coepxnr
n]opmannm o ornercrnetx sa cosane, nno o]opmnene xaxoro oxymera.
axoe nepememene oxymera onpantnaercx rontxo enono eoxonmocrtm. o
oxymerooopor yxe e rontxo nx roro, urot onpeenxrt ncrannn nnxenx
oxymeron, o n cxopocrt +roro nnxenx,
56
r.e. mnnmantt cpox axoxenx oxymera n nopasenenn nno y ncnonnrenx.
axax xosxcrneax onepannx conponoxaercx cosanem nepnnuoro oxymera,
nepeaue ero n yxranrepnm, a sarem nx yrnepxenx pyxononrenm. neonarento,
cxopocrt nepememenx oxymera n xauecrno ero ntnonenx oxastnamr cymecrneoe
nnnxne a ]naconoe ynpannene n nenom.
nanoe npannno oxymerooopora - oneparnnoe nnxene oxymeron no
anonee xoporxomy nyrn c mnnmanttmn sarparamn npemen n rpya.
pa]nx oxymerooopora moxer trt o]opmne n nne nepeux paor no cosanm,
nponepxe n opaorxe oxymeron, ntnonxemtx xaxtm nopasenenem, a raxxe
ncemn ncnonnrenxmn c yxasanem nx nsanmocnxsn n cpoxon ntnonenx paor.
cnontsyx apaorxn cnennanncron omecrnetx oenen, nccneonarene n
cocrneym npaxrnxy, rpa]nx oxymerooopora moxo c]opmnponart n nne
cneymme rannnt (ran.2):
annna 2
pa]nx oxymerooopora omecrneoro oenenx
Herp
]opmnponanx
oxymeron
Herp
opaorxn
oxymeron
ora nepeaercx oxymer
cnonnrent
uacrn
narornopnrento
nporpammt
oopnarop
+narornopnrento
nporpammt
1-ro uncna
xaxoro mecxna
oxymer 1
oopnarop
narornopnrento
nporpammt
yxononrent
5narornopnrento
nporpammt
3-ro uncna
xaxoro mecxna
oxymer 1
n oxymer
2
yxononrent
narornopnrento
nporpammt
nacont
meexep,
yxranrep
6-ro uncna
xaxoro mecxna
oxymer 1,
oxymer 2,
oxymer 3
a xonnuecrno ypone rpa]nxa oxymerooopora nnnxmr opransannote
oxymert n opransannoax crpyxrypa oenenx, xonnuecrno,
57
ocymecrnnxemtx npoexron n nporpamm, npn +rom yunrtnamrcx rpeonanx
saxooarentcrna. anpnmep, n opmarnntx axrax xecrxo ycraonnet cpoxn
npeocrannenx anacontx orueron nocne nosnpamenx ns cnyxeo xomanponxn (e
nosee rpex e nocne nosnpamenx), a nor cpoxn oruerocrn no ntatm cpecrnam
a xosxcrnete yxt moxo onpeennrt n yuero nonnrnxe.
aornxn oenenx cosamr n npecrannxmr oxymert, orocxmnecx x c]epe
nx exrentocrn, no rpa]nxy oxymerooopora. neyer n auane xaxoro roa,
xaxomy ncnonnrenm npyunrt ntnncxy ns rpa]nxa, n xoropo nepeuncnxmrcx
oxymert, orocxmnecx x c]epe exrentocrn ncnonnrenx, cpoxn nx npecrannenx n
nopasenenx oenenx, n xoropte npecrannxmrcx yxasate oxymert.
rnercrneocrt sa conmene rpa]nxa oxymerooopora, a raxxe
ornercrneocrt sa cnoenpemeoe n xauecrneoe cosane oxymeron,
cnoenpemeym nepeauy nx nx orpaxenx n yxranrepcxom yuere n oruerocrn, sa
ocronepocrt coepxamnxcx n oxymerax atx ecyr paornxn, cosanmne n
nonncanmne +rn oxymert.
orpont sa conmenem ncnonnrenxmn rpa]nxa oxymerooopora no
oenenm ocymecrnnxer rnant yxranrep. peonanx rnanoro yxranrepa,
xacammnecx nopxxa o]opmnenx onepann n npecrannenx n yxranrepnm
eoxonmtx oxymeron n cneen oxsarentt nx ncex nopasenen n cnyx
npenpnxrnx.
pome cnennanttx oxymeron, npnmexemtx n nporpammax n npoexrax
xoxperoro omecrneoro oenenx, cymecrnymr oxymert, eoxonmte nx
neenx oxymerooopora, npnmexemtx nx o]opmnenx ]axron xosxcrneo
exrentocrn, no xoroptm e npeycmorpet rnnonte ]opmt nepnnutx yuertx
oxymeron, a raxxe ]opmt oxymeron nx nyrpee yxranrepcxo oruerocrn.
axnmn oxymeramn xnnxmrcx: yxranrepcxne cnpanxn, cmert meponpnxrn,
neomocrn cnncanx
58
n]opmannotx marepnanon, axoxmnxcx n orxptrom ocryne, xora pasaua
marepnanon nponcxonr esnosmeso n oesnnueo n r..
rpa]nx oxymerooopora nomnmo oxymeron, eoxonmtx c rouxn spenx
yxranrepcxoro yuera n opm poccncxoro saxooarentcrna omecrneoe oenene
onxo necrn n ]opmt oxymeron, orpaxammne cnenn]nxy ee exrentocrn.
penoxet nopxox cocrannenx rpa]nxa oxymerooopora tn npnmee n
exyapoo monoexo omecrneo narornopnrento opransannn
onoexo npanosamnroe nnxene. neamn pransannn xnnxmrcx rpaxae, n
nospacre c 14 o 30 ner, n omecrnete oenenx, xnnxmmnecx mpnnuecxnmn
nnnamn, npnsammne cran n pasenxmmne nenn exrentocrn pransannn.
nocnene na roa, c ynennuenem macmraon exrentocrn, noxnnenem ontx
orenen, n r.u. sa pyexom, oem opaartnaemo oxymerannn crpemnrento
nospoc, nosnxna eoxonmocrt pacnpeennrt n nepepacnpeennrt nonomounx. pome
+roro, yxranrep e ncera mor rpamoro onenrt cocran n coepxane oxymerannn, x
npnmepy, coepxarento uacrn rparontx cornamen.
ce ntme nepeuncneoe npnneno x romy, uro ]naconte oruert rparoarenxm,
cnoenpemeo e cocrannxnnct, uro nnnxno a rparonym penyrannm opransannn n
nnexno sa coo orpanuenx o saepxxy ]nacnponanx.
tn nponee aanns nosnxmnx nponem, n pesyntrare xoroporo tno ntxnneo, uro
ontmo oem paort yxranrepa cnxsa c rem, uro yxranrepne cosanannct n
opaartnannct nepnnute oxymert, xoropte onxt tnn enart xoopnaropt
nporpamm, anmanoct ontmoe nosnparoe nnxene oxymeron, cnxsaoe c
omnxamn n o]opmnenn oxymeron, npeocrannxemtx corpynxamn, a raxxe c rem,
uro corpynxn e tnn osaxomnet c rpeonanxmn x o]opmnenm oxymeron.
aepxxa n npeocrannenn oxymeron n yxranrepnm cnxsaa c eocneomneocrtm
59
corpynxon o cpoxax nx npeocrannenx n nonmanx oxsarentocrn nx conmenx n
nepeyromnenem.
pomno non roa c momera auana paort no onomy rpa]nxy oxymerooopora.
esyntrart ero nepenx nosnonnnn cenart ntno o rom, uro oxymerooopor,
opransonat no rpa]nxy nosnonnn ycxopnrt npoxoxene xaxtm nepnnutm
oxymerom nect nyrt - or o]opmnenx n nponepxn o opaorxn, ycnnnn xorpont a
oxymeramn n cnococrnonan panomepomy pacnpeenenm yuero paort co
cpecrnamn nenenoro ]nacnponanx omecrneoro oenenx n reuene ncero
paouero npemen.
saxnmuene xorenoct t ormernrt, uro rpa]nx oxymerooopora n ]opmt
oxymeron, npnmexemte n oenenn xnnxmrcx naxtm ncrpymerom nx
xorponx n ]naconoro aannsa exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen, o xaxax
opransannx onxa n nepnym ouepet ncxonrt ns npnnnna nenecoopasocrn.
sanncnmocrn or oema opransann, pecypcon, xoroptmn oa pacnonaraer, xonnuecrno,
n oem o]opmnxemtx oxymeron moxer pasnnuartcx. pransannx nnpane cama
ntpart ror oem oxymeron, xoroporo yer ocrarouo nx orpaxenx ncex ]axron
exrentocrn aoro oenenx. aora oenenx yer e+]]exrnna, axe
ecnn oa paspaoraer ncuepntnammn naxer oxymeron, o nx ero o]opmnenx
corpynxn yyr rparnrt onee nononnt cnoero paouero npemen. pyro cropot,
paora yer nnoe e+]]exrnno, ecnn nx xaxoro orentoro npoexra n
meponpnxrnx oenenx eoxonmo yer paspaartnart ont naxer oxymeron,
npannna nx sanonenx, onpeenxrt ornercrnetx sa nx paspaorxy n cocrannene - +ro
roxe sanmaer moro paouero npemen n npnocraannnnaer ocymecrnnene
exommepuecxnx npoexron n nporpamm.
aspaorat rpa]nx oxymerooopora, a raxxe aoun nna cueron, ]opmt
nepnnutx yuertx oxymeron, perncrpon yuera, cocrannxemtx n nponsnonto
]opme, nenecoopasee o]opmnxrt n nne npnnoxen x npnxasy oenenx o
yuero nonnrnxe nx nene yxranrepcxoro yuera.
60
n ns +nemeron meroonornuecxoro pasena yuero nonnrnxn - na cueron
yxranrepcxoro yuera. mecrnete oenenx onxt pyxonocrnonartcx
ecrnymmnm naom cueron, yrnepxetm npnxasom n]na occnn or 31.10.2000
N 94. cnny cnenn]nxn ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn omecrnetm
oenenxm cneyer orxptrt ononnrentte cycuera, n rom uncne aannrnuecxoro
yuera, n yrnepnrt paoun na cueron |19|.
ocemcx ocoeocre nponeenx nnerapnsannn n omecrnetx oenenxx.
n saxnmuamrcx n rom, uro n opransannxx, paorammnx a ycnonnxx nenenoro
]nacnponanx, e pexn oronopt esnosmesoro nontsonanx nmymecrnom, nno
oronopamn nenenoro ]nacnponanx oronopeo orcyrcrnne cocrneocrn a
nmymecrno, npnoperaemoe nx ocymecrnnenx npoexra, nocne ero sanepmenx, nno
oronopom nenenoro ]nacnponanx (xax npannno, aoe npannno xacaercx
narornopnrenttx nporpamm) orpanuea nosmoxocrt ncnontsonanx aoro
nmymecrna (x npnmepy, entsx ncnontsonart n npenpnnmarentcxo ycrano
exrentocrn). raxnx cnyuaxx nnerapnsannx aoro nmymecrna npononrtcx
orento or npouero.
anee opransannx onxa orpasnrt n yuero nonnrnxe cnocot neenx
yxranrepcxoro yuera |21, n.12|. craonnmcx a orpaxenn n yuero nonnrnxe
oenenx pxa oexron yxranrepcxoro yuera.
mecrneomy oenenm n yuero nonnrnxe cneyer yxasart raxne +nemert
yuera ocontx cpecrn, xax:
nopxox ]opmnponanx nepnoauanto cronmocrn oexron ocontx cpecrn;
nopxox onpeenenx cpoxa nonesoro ncnontsonanx n cnoco auncnenx nsoca no
oexram ocontx cpecrn (nsoc orpaxaercx a saanaconom cuere);
nopxox yuera pacxoon a pemor ocontx cpecrn;
61
pyrne cymecrnete momert yuera ocontx cpecrn |26|.
t xorenn t ormernrt, uro oexrt, xoropte nonaamr no onpeenene
ocontx cpecrn, o c nepnoauanto cronmocrtm e onee 20 000 pyne sa ennny,
moryr trt yuret xax marepnanto-nponsnocrnete sanact. oxperym nennuny
nnmnra n npeenax ao cymmt oenene camocroxrento onpeenxer n yuero
nonnrnxe. pome roro, yxo onpeennrt, a xaxom cuere yer yunrtnartcx xynneax
ennxnmocrt, oxymert no xoropo nepeat a rocperncrpannm: 01 "conte
cpecrna" nnn 08 "noxenx no neooporte axrnnt".
arepnanto-nponsnocrnete sanact n omecrneom oenenn
npecrannet, xax npannno, marepnanamn. yuero nonnrnxe omecrneoro
oenenx ycraannnnaercx nopxox:
onexn nocrynammnx marepnanon;.
yuera n cnncanx rpacnopro-saroronnrenttx pacxoon no marepnanam;
onexa ornycxa marepnanon;
cosane pesepna no cnxene cronmocrn marepnanttx neocre.
arepnant npnoperamrcx omecrnetmn oenenxmn a ocymecrnnene
nenentx nporpamm nnn amnncrparnnym exrentocrt. pn eoxonmocrn
ncnontsonanx marepnanon a ntnonene meponpnxrn no npoexry, pexomeyercx
cocrannxrt orentte perncrpt yuera nocrynnenx n cnncanx marepnanon a xaxt
+ran meponpnxrnx. nocnecrnnn, ate ns +rnx perncrpon yer ecnoxo nepeecrn
n oruert no npoexram, npeocrannxemte narornopnrenxm.
npaxrnxe omecrnetx oenen anonee uacro nosnxamr nonpoct
onpeenenx ]axrnuecxo ceecronmocrt neocre, nonyuetx no oronopy apenx
nnn esnosmeso, a raxxe marepnanon ocrammnxcx or nttrnx ocontx cpecrn n
noro nmymecrna. exomeannn saxooarene cnoxrcx x romy, urot onennart raxne
marepnant no ptouo nee a ary npnxrnx nx x yuery |25, n.9|. t xornm
oannrt, uro nx nornepxenx npannntocrn
8%
onpeenenx ptouo cronmocrn, omecrnetm oenenxm pexomeyercx
nocnontsonartcx ycnyramn onemnxa. cnn xe aax crartx pacxoon orcyrcrnyer n
cmere oenenx, am xaxercx onycrnmtm, opamene c sanpocom x pernoanttm
opraam crarncrnxn.
o mepe annunx rex nnn ntx oexron yuera n exrentocrn oenenx, n ero
yuerym nonnrnxy cneyer nxnmuart nopxox yuera: emarepnanttx axrnnon, samon n
xpenron, ntnycxa npoyxnnn, ]nacontx nnoxenn, pacxoon yymnx nepnoon,
pesepnon n pyrne pemenx, eoxonmte nx neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera.
aunrenttm +nemerom yuero nonnrnxn xnnxercx nopxox orpaxenx n
yxranrepcxom yuere nenentx oxoon omecrneoro oenenx.
.x. exrentocrt poccncxoro rpertero cexropa anpannea a npnnneuene cpecrn n
anpannene nx nx ocrnxenx omecrneo nonestx nene. onpoc
]nacnponanx rpertero cexropa - +ro nonpoc, or xoroporo anpxmym sanncnr ero
yymee. arepnantoe n ]naconoe nonoxene omecrneoro oenenx no
morom onpeenxercx nx ocoeocrxmn. pnnneuene cpecrn ns pasnnutx
ncrounxon, c oo cropot, oecneunnaer esanncnmocrt rpertero cexropa, c pyro,
neer x ecranntomy xapaxrepy ]nacnponanx, nocroxo orpanueocrn
eextx cpecrn n enosmoxocrn cosanx crannto marepnanto ast. npono
ontr ]yxnnonponanx rpertero cexropa cnnerentcrnyer: n pasnnutx crpaax
saunmocrt rex nnn ntx ncrounxon ero ]nacnponanx omyrnmo pasnnuaercx.
as yx mt saronopnnn o mnponom ontre, cneyer anomnrt, uro exommepuecxne
opransannn n occnn noxrne enernuoe sapyexomy aanory enpntntte
opransannn (not-Ior-proIit). ornaco ]eepantomy saxoy " exommepuecxnx
opransannxx" (eepantt saxo N7- or 12.01.96) "exommepuecxo opransanne
xnnxercx opransannx, e nmemmax nsnneuene npntnn n xauecrne ocono nenn
cnoe exrentocrn n e pacnpeenxmmax nonyueym npntnt mexy yuacrnxamn".
63
crnrynnoanto-npanonte ocont exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann
nosnonxmr nm onee nono, uem pyrnm crpyxrypam, saecrnonart camte
pasoopaste ncrounxn ]nacnponanx (nsoct uacrtx nnn, ]npm, rocyapcrna,
oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn).
ce ntmecxasaoe, nornepxaer npannntocrt ntnoon o rom, uro yuery oxoon
onpeenxercx ocooe mecro n yuero nonnrnxe omecrneoro oenenx. ro, n
cnom ouepet, npnnonr ac x eoxonmocrn nsyuenx saxooarento paspemetx
ncrounxon ]nacnponanx omecrneo exrentocrn.
axooarentcrno, onpeenxer pasnnute ncrounxn ]opmnponanx nmymecrna
exommepuecxnx opransann (n rom uncne n omecrnetx oenen).
crarte 26 n.1 ]eepantoro saxoa " exommepuecxnx opransannxx" npnnonrcx
nepeuet ncrounxon ]opmnponanx nmymecrna exommepuecxo opransannn n
eexo n ntx ]opmax, o o e xnnxercx ncuepntnammnm |12|.
axooarentcrno onycxaer nocrynnene cpecrn n ns pyrnx ncrounxon, e
sanpemetx saxoom. opmt cnennanttx saxoon oannxmr x nocrynnenxm n
raxne, xax: nocrynnenx ns ]eepantoro mxera; mxeron cyexron , mecrtx
mxeron; nemxertx ]oon; rpy oponontnen (cr. 15 " narornopnrento
exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx opransannxx"); oxot or nponeenx norepe n
ayxnnoon (cr. 15 " narornopnrento exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx
opransannxx", cr. 31 " omecrnetx oenenxx"). pyrnm, e
sanpemetm saxoom nocrynnenxm exommepuecxnx opransann moxo orecrn n
oxot or ncnontsonanx ncxnmunrenttx npan, n nmymecrno nnxnnnponao
exommepuecxo opransannn, nepeaoe nnxnnannoo xomnccne exommepuecxo
opransannn, ocymecrnnxmme ry xe exrentocrt.
mymecrno omecrneoro oenenx ]opmnpyercx a ocone
ncrynnrenttx n unecxnx nsocon, ecnn nx ynnara npeycmorpea ycranom;
64
opononttx nsocon n noxeprnonan; nocrynnen or npononmtx n coornercrnnn c
ycranom omecrneoro oenenx nexnn, ntcranox, norepe, ayxnnoon,
cnoprnntx n ntx meponpnxrn; oxoon or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn
omecrneoro oenenx; rpaxacxo-npanontx cenox; neme+xoomnuecxo
exrentocrn omecrneoro oenenx; pyrnx e sanpemetx saxoom
nocrynnen.|8, cr.31|
mecrnete oenenx, ycrant xoroptx npeycmarpnnamr yuacrne n ntopax n
pe]epeymax n nopxxe, ycraonneom saxooarentcrnom occncxo eepannn,
moryr npnnmart noxeprnonanx n nne eextx cpecrn n noro nmymecrna a
exrentocrt, cnxsaym c nororonxo n nponeenem ntopon, rontxo n nopxxe,
npeycmorpeom eepanttm saxoom " nonnrnuecxnx naprnxx" n
saxooarentcrnom occncxo eepannn o ntopax.
aee mt ronopnnn, uro omecrnete oenenx moryr cosanartcx n ]opme
narornopnrenttx opransann.
anomnm, uro narornopnrentte opransannn cosamrcx n ]opmax omecrnetx
opransann (oenen), ]oon, yupexen n n ntx ]opmax, npeycmorpetx
]eepanttmn saxoamn nx narornopnrenttx opransann.
crounxamn ]opmnponanx nmymecrna narornopnrento opransannn moryr
xnnxrtcx:
2.40 nsoct yupenrene narornopnrento opransannn;
2.41 unecxne nsoct (nx narornopnrenttx opransann, oconatx a
unecrne);
2.42 narornopnrentte noxeprnonanx, n rom uncne ocxmne neneno xapaxrep
(narornopnrentte rpart), npeocrannxemte rpaxaamn n mpnnuecxnmn
nnnamn n eexo nnn arypanto ]opme;
2.43 oxot or nepeannsannotx onepann, nxnmuax oxot or netx ymar;
65
2.44 nocrynnenx or exrentocrn no npnnneuenm pecypcon (nponeene
xamnan no npnnneuenm narornopnrene n oponontnen, nxnmuax
opransannm pasnnexarenttx, xyntryptx, cnoprnntx n ntx maccontx
meponpnxrn, nponeene xamnan no copy narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan,
nponeene norepe n ayxnnoon n coornercrnnn c saxooarentcrnom occncxo
eepannn, peannsannm nmymecrna n noxeprnonan, nocrynnnmnx or
narornopnrene, n coornercrnnn c nx noxenanxmn);
2.45 oxot or paspemeo saxoom npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn;
2.46 nocrynnenx ns ]eepantoro mxera, mxeron cyexron occncxo
eepannn, mecrtx mxeron n nemxertx ]oon;
2.47 oxot or exrentocrn xosxcrnetx omecrn, yupexetx
narornopnrento opransanne;
2.48 rpy oponontnen;
R.nte e sanpemete saxoom ncrounxn.|11, cr.15|
axo nxeropocxo onacrn or 26 ]enpanx 2002 r. N 9-3 " narornopnrento
exrentocrn" no nomy npnnonr cnncox nosmoxtx ncrounxon ]nacnponanx
exrentocrn:
a) unecxne nsoct;
) nsoct yupenrene narornopnrento opransannn;
n) narornopnrentte noxeprnonanx, n rom uncne ocxmne neneno
xapaxrep, npeocrannxemte rpaxaamn n mpnnuecxnmn nnnamn n eexo n
(nnn) arypanto ]opme;
r) nocrynnenx or meponpnxrn no npnnneuenm pecypcon, nxnmuax
opransannm pasnnexarenttx, xyntryptx, cnoprnntx n ntx maccontx
meponpnxrn;
) nmymecrno n (nnn) eexte cpecrna, nonyuete npn nponeenn
xamnan no copy narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan, norepe, ayxnnoon n
coornercrnnn c saxooarentcrnom;
66
e) eexte cpecrna, nonyuete or peannsannn nmymecrna n
noxeprnonan, nocrynnnmnx or narornopnrene, n coornercrnnn c nx
noxenanxmn;
x) nocrynnenx ns ]eepantoro n (nnn) onacroro mxeron, mecrtx
mxeron;
s) oxo or exrentocrn xosxcrnetx omecrn, yupexetx
narornopnrento opransanne;
n) oxot or nepeannsannotx onepann, nxnmuax oxot or netx ymar;
x) rpy oponontnen;
n) rpart, n rom uncne ns sapyextx ncrounxon;
m) nte e sanpemete saxoom ncrounxn.|18, cr.9|
ax mt nnnm, npnxrte xnaccn]nxannn saxooarentcrnom xnaccn]nxannn
ncrounxon ]nacnponanx, xorx n nmemr pernoantte pasnnunx, nce xe
paspaartnannct xax cpecrno caxnnonponatx nocrynnen n xorponx sa
atmn nocrynnenxmn.
axo mt nonaraem, uro +rn rpannnote ]naconte xnaccn]nxannn, xorx n
ntnonxmr xoxperym ]yxnnm, ouet orpanuet nx nene ome onexn. es
ncrpymeron nsmepenx crenen, n xoropo nporpamma ocrnraer cnoe nenn, rpyo
c]opmnponart ooconate cyxenx orocnrento roro, cneyer nn npeocrannrt
ononnrentym ]naconym noepxxy npenpnxrnm, ncnontsymmemy
omecrnete u ]ot, cneyer nn yconepmecrnonart ero exrentocrt nnn
nonocrtm npexparnrt ee.
cnexr nponemt ]opmnponanx cmert, uacrnuo paccmorpe n saxooarentcrne o
narornopnrenttx opransannxx, xoroptx oxsymr necrn cnom exrentocrt n
coornercrnnn c narornopnrento nporpammo.|11, cr.15|
coornercrnnn c repmnonorne, nneeo atm saxooarenttm axrom,
narornopnrento nporpammo xnnxercx xomnnexc meponpnxrn, yrnepxetx
ntcmnm opraom ynpannenx narornopnrento opransanne n anpannetx a
pemene xoxpertx saau, coornercrnymmnx ycrantm
67
nenxm +ro opransannn.
narornopnrentax nporpamma nxnmuaer cmery npenonaraemtx nocrynnen n
nnanpyemtx pacxoon (nxnmuax onnary rpya nnn, yuacrnymmnx n peannsannn
narornopnrento nporpammt), ycraannnnaer +rant n cpoxn ee peannsannn.|11, cr.17|
nepnte n saxooarentcrne, pernamernpymmem exrentocrt omecrnetx
oenen, saxpennea eoxonmocrt cocrannenx cmert. opmnponane cmert nnn
mxera xnnxercx eoxonmtm ycnonnem nx nonyuenx nenenoro ]nacnponanx
nx mornx xeprnonarene (rparoarene). ymecrnymr nn pasnnunx mexy
noxrnxmn cmera n mxer?
arnncxom xstxe, anpnmep, nosmoxt cnryannn, xora cnona cmera n
mxer nepenoxrcx onm n rem xe cnonom get.
.x. oenenx, pacnpeenxmmne rpart, n ontmncrne cnoem -nocrpate
mpnnuecxne nnna. x oxymerannx (n rom uncne onncane saxnox a rpart)
nsauanto cymecrnyer a nocrpaom xstxe, a a pyccxn nepenonrcx
cnennanncramn, xoropte e ncera eranto saxomt c ]nacono-+xoomnuecxo
nexcnxo.
t cxnoxemcx x oenenm noxrn mxer n cmera nx ncnontsonanx nx n
omecrnetx oenenxx. prymernpyem cnom nosnnnm rem, uro npaxrnxa
nonyuenx cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx, ronopnr o rom, uro xeprnonarenn
oenxmr ate noxrnx n oo, cneonarento, nx nocrpoenx mxera nnn
cmert npnnnnt mt yem ncnontsonart roxecrnete.
t cunraem, uro nosmoxocrt npnnneuenx cpecrn ns pasnnutx ncrounxon
enocpecrneo cnxsaa c npo]nnem omecrneoro oenenx, c
npo]eccnoannsmom, ontrocrtm n nnnnarnnocrtm ee corpynxon, a raxxe
nonnrnuecxo n +xoomnuecxo cnryanne n pernoe, ero orxptrocrtm nx
mexyapotx cnxse, orpacneno cnenn]nxo reppnropnn, uro onxo orpaxartcx n
yuero nonnrnxe oenenx.
8(
neymmnm +nemerom yuero nonnrnxn omecrneoro oenenx, nnano
ntrexammem ns eoxonmocrn ]opmnponanx cmert, xnnxercx nopxox orpaxenx
nenentx pacxoon sa cuer cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx n yxranrepcxom yuere.
coornercrnnn c naom cueron n crpyxnne no ero npnmeenm |19| pacxot sa
cuer cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx cauana orpaxamrcx a cuere 20 "conoe
nponsnocrno" nnn cuere 26 "mexosxcrnete pacxot", a sarem cnnctnamrcx n
eer cuera 86 "Henenoe ]nacnponane".
eoxonmo oparnrt nnmane a ro, uro cuera 20 n 26 npeasauet nx
oomenx n]opmannn o pacxoax no otutm nnam exrentocrn. coornercrnnn c
10/99 "acxot opransannn" |30|, pacxot npnnoxr x ymetmenm
+xoomnuecxnx ntro opransannn. +ro saunr, uro pacxot sa cuer cpecrn nenenoro
]nacnponanx e xnnxmrcx pacxoamn no otutm nnam exrentocrn n nonoxenx
10/99 a ate pacxot e pacnpocrpaxmrcx. axnm opasom, pacxot,
enocpecrneo cnxsate c neenem ycrano exrentocrn, moryr orpaxartcx
nymx cnocoamn: a cuere 20 (cycuer "acxot no ycrano exrentocrn") c
nocneymmnm orecenem a cuer 86 n enocpecrneo a cuere 86 "Henenoe
]nacnponane".
yuero nonnrnxe omecrneoro oenenx, orenttm +nemerom eoxonmo
paccmorpert nopxox neenx yuera oxoon n pacxoon or xommepuecxo exrentocrn,
ecnn raxonax n oenenn nmeer mecro. neyer ormernrt, uro yuer orenttx
oexron yxranrepcxoro yuera, n cnyuae neenx npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn,
yer ornnuartcx or nopxxa npnsaoro rontxo nx ycrano enpenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn (n uacrocrn, nopxox noramenx cronmocrn ocontx cpecrn, p.).
penpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt n omecrnetx oenenxx mt
pexomeyem ntenxrt n orentoe nopasenene nyrpn oenenx, n nnanponart
mxer xax y ncex npounx nporpamm.
esanncnmo or ncrounxa ]nacnponanx nporpamm n npoexron pacnpeenene
pecypcon n omecrneom oenenn ocnr neneno xapaxrep.
69
axe npn neenn omecrnetm oenenem npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn
nx oecneuenx pasentoro yuera oxot n pacxot no +ro exrentocrn
yunrtnamrcx orento, ro ecrt pacnpeenxmrcx nenentm opasom.
pn opransannn yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrneom oenenn, nomnmo
rpeonan, npexnnxemtx amnncrparnntmn crpyxrypamn, camoro oenenx
naxo yunrtnart oxnanx nemnx nontsonarene.
e pexo ycnonnem ntenenx nenentx cpecrn a ocymecrnnene nporpamm n
npoexron co cropot oopon uacro xnnxercx annune ]nacontx nonnrnx n nponeyp,
orpaxammnx mexansm copa n opaorxn ]nacono n]opmannn n oenenn.
nx rparoarene nponeypt xnnxmrcx raparom roro, uro n omecrneom
oenenn cymecrnyer pasentt yuer n ncnontsonane nenentx cpecrn ns pastx
ncrounxon, uro n oenenn cymecrnymr cncremt xorponx sa enenentm
ncnontsonanem cpecrn n r..
o ns nepnnutx saau omecrneoro oenenx, xnnxercx opransannx
]naconoro xorponx sa nenentm ncnontsonanem cpecrn, nx ee pemenx
eoxonmo oecneunrt oneparnnoe nocrynnene n oomene eoxonmo
]nacono n]opmannn. coeo naxo ocrnut conpxxenx ynpanneuecxoro,
]naconoro yuera n yxranrepcxoro, nocxontxy ocontm ncrounxom ]axrnuecxo
]nacono n]opmannn xnnxercx yxranrepnx.
pransannxm cneyer yunrtnart cnenn]nxy cnoe exrentocrn npn cosann
yuero nonnrnxn. ame rouxn spenx, ]opmy cmert, cnenn]nxy nponecca
]opmnponanx cmert oenenx cneyer nxnmuart n yuerym nonnrnxy, rax xax
at oxymer xnnxercx ocontm oxymerom ]naconoro ynpannenx n
onpeenxer opransannm neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera.
a am nsrnx, cosane rpamoro n n onxo mepe pacxptro yuero nonnrnxn,
nosnonxer ocrnut omecrneomy oenenm cneymmnx pesyntraron:
1) nenocrocrt yueroro nponecca,
70
2.49 meronuecxym npannntocrt neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera;
2.50 oneparnnoe npecrannene n]opmannn o rexymem cocroxnn
marepnanttx n ]nacontx noroxon, cneen o enropax n xpenropax;
2.51 eonymene npornnopeunnocrn aanornutx cneen, nocrynammnx ns
pasnnutx crpyxryptx nopasenen n cnyx npenpnxrnx;
2.52 ycrpaene ynnponanx onepann no yxranrepcxomy yuery;
2.53 coxpamene rpyosarpar a neene yxranrepcxoro yuera;
2.54 ymetmene cpoxon ]opmnponanx oruerocrn;
2.55 nonoe coornercrnne yxranrepcxoro yuera conpemetm rpeonanxm n
nosmoxocrt ero aanrannn x mexyapotm craapram
2.56 onpeenete cpoxn ]opmnponanx n nopxox npecrannenx
yxranrepcxo oxymerannn no cnoemy asauenm.
anonee, a am nsrnx, ocrooe onpeenene yuero nonnrnxn ao n
paore .. axatxono, .. axantcxo, .. anmuexo, .. caueno |136|,
xoropoe rnacnr, uro uerax nonnrnxa - +ro cnenn]nuecxne merot yxranrepcxoro
yuera, ntnpaemte n nocneonarento npnmexemte opransanne, xoropte, no
menm pyxonocrna , coornercrnymr ycnonnxm ee exrentocrn n annyumnm
opasom noxoxr nx nonoro npecrannenx ee pesyntraron n ]naconoro
nonoxenx. ocxontxy npononmax yuerax nonnrnxa moxer saunrento nnnxrt a
oxnnxemte pesyntrart n ]naconoe nonoxene, nonnrnxa n oromenn
cymecrnetx crare oxoon n pacxoon onxa oxcxrtcx, ee ncrpymerom n
moxer cnyxnrt cmera omecrneoro oenenx n oruer o ee ncnonenn. opoee
a cnenn]nxe ]opmnponanx atx oxymeron am t xorenoct ocraonnrtcx n
cneymmem naparpa]e.
&!& " +$ $
$
<"
xoe ocymecrnnenx nenentx nporpamm n omecrnetx oenenxx
cocrannxercx cmera (mxer) oxoon n pacxoon, paccunraax a onpeenet
nepno (mecxn, xnapran, ro nnn nmo pyro onee nnrentt cpox).
mecrnete oenenx moryr nmert onee uem oy nenenym nporpammy.
+rom cnyuae cmera cocrannxercx no xaxo ns nporpamm. porpammt moryr nmert
paste cpoxn nx peannsannn.
.. ononopcxn n .. ep]nnten n cnoe crarte uer n exommepuecxnx
opransannxx: conpemete acnexrt pasnnrnx xamepantoro cueronocrna enamr
ntno, uro cmera, nnn npenapnrentoe ncuncnene oxoon n pacxoon, cocrannxer
rnanoe oconane amnncrparnno exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann. n
opamamr nnmane, uro eme n XVIII nexe n paorax ancrpncxoro yxranrepa .
y+xepra tna paspaoraa ]opma cueronocrna, nosnonxnmax necrn yuer ntnonenx
cmert. a nonyunna asnane xamepanto |114|.
eoxonmocrn n nenecoopasocrn cocrannenx cmert, ronopnnoct n rpyax
omontcxoro .R., ocrarnono ., axantcxo .., npoxxono .., ..
axaptna, R. arneena, .. aauncxoro, .. axatxono n pyrnx.
.R. omontcxn n cnoe xnre exommepuecxne opransannn: anoroonoxene n
yxranrepcxn yuer n 2002 roy |70|, nncan, uro xoe ocymecrnnenx nenentx
nporpamm n cocrannxercx cmera oxoon n pacxoon, paccunraax a
onpeenet nepno. oxoo uacrn cmert nm tnn yxasat cneymmne nnt
oxoon: ncrynnrentte nsoct, unecxne nsoct, oponontte nenente nsoct
]nsnuecxnx nnn n oponontte nenente nsoct mpnnuecxnx nnn.
yxonocrnyxct xonennne, uro exrentocrt omecrneoro oenenx, moxo
onpeennrt ]opmyno H X - H X. s uero
cneyer, uro oxot n omecrnetx oenenxx onxt coornercrnonart pacxoam.
72
t cornact c rouxo spenx .R. omontcxoro, uro cxasaoe concem e osauaer,
uro no cocroxnm a 1 xnapx roa nce nenente cpecrna onxt trt nspacxoonat.
anpornn, nosmoxa cnryannx, xora nenente nporpammt paccunrat a px ner. ora
n pacxoonane nenentx cpecrn yer nponcxonrt n reuene ncero cpoxa peannsannn
nporpammt. osmoxe n pyro napnar: cpecrn, nonyuetx a nporpammy, e xnaraer
nx ee ncnonenx. +rom cnyuae uacrt pacxoon yer noxptra n reuene cneymmnx
xaneaptx ner. nanoe, o uem eoxonmo nomnrt: cpecrna, nonyuete a
xoxperte nenn, onxt trt nspacxoonat nonocrtm rontxo a +rn nenn. es
nnctmeoro cornacnx xeprnonarenx (cnocopa, rparoarenx) nsmeene nenenoro
asauenx cpecrn enosmoxo. cnyuae ecnn +ro cornacne e nonyueo, cpecrna
cneyer nepyrt.
onopx o cmere, .. axaptn opamaer nnmane, uro at oxymer
cocrannxercx, xax npannno, exeroo, npnuem oem oxotx crare n npenoxeo
nm cmere coornercrnyer ncrounxam ]nacnponanx ntenetm n saxoe o , uro
pacxonrcx c rouxo spenx .R. omontcxoro. a am nsrnx, nepeuet oxotx
crare cmert e rpeyer nxnmuenx ncex ncrounxon ]nacnponanx, yrnepxetx
saxooarenem, noromy xax, ncnecrnne cnenn]nxn exrentocrn omecrneoro
oenenx pasnnutx opransannoo-npanontx ]opm, y ero moxer orcyrcrnonart
ror nnn no oxot noxasarent cmert.
.. axaptn cunraer, uro ]opma cmert, cocran n crpyxrypa noxasarene, a raxxe
cncrema rpynnnponxn n erannsannn atx onxt paspaartnartcx camo
exommepuecxo opransanne. xommerapnn x cmere npnnoxrcx xparxne
pexomeannn n oromenn xaxoro nna oxoon n pacxoon.
.. nanmnpona n .R. oxon cornamamrcx c ntme npnneetmn ntnoamn,
nonarax |67|, uro xaxo-nno yn]nnnponao ]opmt cmert oxoon n pacxoon,
yrnepxeo a ]eepantom ypone n oxsarento x npnmeenm ncemn
exommepuecxnmn opransannxmn, e cymecrnyer. 3ro n saunrento crenen
oycnonneo rem, uro omecrnete oenenx moryr
73
cosanartcx nx ocrnxenx pasnnutx saau n ntnonxrt nectma pasnnute ]yxnnn
axe n pamxax oo ]opmt cmert oxoon n pacxoon. neonarento, ]opma cmert,
cocran n crpyxrypa noxasarene, a raxxe cncrema rpynnnponxn n erannsannn atx
onxt paspaartnartcx camo exommepuecxo opransanne (opraamn ynpannenx)
ncxox ns nocrannetx saau.
mecrneoe oenene moxer cornacontnart cnon cmert rontxo co cnocopamn,
xeprnonarenxmn n rparoarenxmn, a raxxe yupenrenxmn (uneamn, yuacrnxamn).
neyer yunrtnart, uro cmera yrnepxaercx ntcmnm opraom ynpannenx
omecrneoro oenenx.
pn eoxonmocrn omecrneoe oenene moxer nepecmarpnnart cnon cmert,
conmax eoxonmte ]opmantocrn.
.R. omontcxn, .. axaptn, R. arneen n .. aauncxn n cnonx rpyax
opamamr nnmane, uro cmera yrnepxaercx ntcmnm opraom ynpannenx, oaxo
orcyrcrnyer yxasane a oxymer, xoroptm o]opmnxercx ee npnxrne. coeocrn
cocrana n ]yxnnn pyxonoxmnx opraon n omecrneom oenenn
paccmarpnnannct amn n nepno rnane nccneonanx.
t cunraem, uro nsmeenx moxo o]opmnrt, x npnmepy, nporoxonom copanx
oopnannooro conera oenenx. pn +rom cneyer e satnart, uro e
onycxaercx ncnontsonane cpecrn oo neneno nporpammt nx pyro es
nnctmeoro cornacnx xeprnonarenx, sa ncxnmuenem cnyuax, xora cpecrna
nepeuncnet c ]opmynnponxo "a ycrante nenn oenenx". nnreparype,
onnctnamme ocoeocrn exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen aax
nosmoxocrt anropamn e amna orpaxenx.
o oxouann orueroro nepnoa mt pexomeyem cocrannxrt oruer o ncnonenn
cmert n yrnepxart ero rem xe opraom, uro n cmery. ax yxe
74
ormeuanoct, cmera moxer trt paccunraa a px ner. aym rouxy spenx
noepxnnaer n .R. amontcxn.
cnyuae ecnn narornopnrenem nnn narornopnrento nporpammo e ycraonneo
noe, e meee 80 nponeron narornopnrentoro noxeprnonanx n eexo ]opme
onxo trt ncnontsonao a narornopnrentte nenn n reuene roa c momera
nonyuenx narornopnrento opransanne +roro noxeprnonanx |11|.
narornopnrentte noxeprnonanx n arypanto ]opme anpannxmrcx a
narornopnrentte nenn n reuene ooro roa c momera nx nonyuenx, ecnn noe e
ycraonneo narornopnrenem nnn narornopnrento nporpammo.
ocrynnenx ns mxera n ntx ncrounxon onxt trt nspacxoonat a
narornopnrentte nenn nonocrtm.
narornopnrentax opransannx e nnpane ncnontsonart a onnary rpya
amnncrparnno-ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana onee 20 nponeron ]nacontx cpecrn,
pacxoyemtx +ro opransanne sa ]nacont ro.
rpanuene, yxasaoe n acroxmem nyxre, e pacnpocrpaxercx a onnary rpya
nnn, yuacrnymmnx n peannsannn narornopnrenttx nporpamm.
pecrna, sarpauete a nynnxannm oruera n n]opmannn o exrentocrn
narornopnrento opransannn, sacunrtnamrcx n xauecrne pacxoon a
narornopnrentte nenn.
narornopnrentax opransannx e nnpane pacxoonart cnon cpecrna n ncnontsonart
cnoe nmymecrno nx noepxxn n oxasanx nomomn xommepuecxnm npenpnxrnxm,
nonnrnuecxnm naprnxm, nnxenxm n rpynnam rpaxa a nponeene nsnparenttx
xamnan (meponpnxrn).|18, cr. 10|
peonanx x xnaccn]nxannn ncrounxon ]nacnponanx n ocoeocrn
exrentocrn narornopnrenttx opransannn a reppnropnn occnn no morom
onpeenxmr cocran crare cmert omecrneoro oenenx.
ornaco onpocy, nponeeomy oom narornopnrento nomomn (C) n 1995r., x
cnocoam nononenx mxera n occnn orocxrcx: cop noxeprnonan 87,5;
75
nonyuene ]nacono nomomn rocyapcrna 65;
xommepuecxax exrentocrt 35,6;
cop unecxnx nsocon 23;
nonyuene sapyextx rparon 15,7 ;
oxasane nnartx ycnyr 14.
pn +rom, ate nccneonanx cnnerentcrnymr, uro onee 60 opransann
nontsymrcx nymx n onee ncrounxamn ]nacnponanx |120, c.46-47|.
ornaco nccneonanm, npononnmemycx H n 2000r. crounxn
]opmnponanx nmymecrna cnycrx 5 ner pacnpeennnnct cneymmnm opasom:
oponontnt 20;
rocyapcrno 13;
cocrnete oxot n unecxne nsoct no 12;
noxeprnonanx 11;
nsec 9;
occnn 8;
nocrpate ]ot 6;
pyrne ncrounxn 4.
s uncna onpometx oxono 5 saxnnnn, uro e nonyuamr nxaxo noepxxn.
cxox ns atx nccneonan moxo cenart ntno o rom, uro c xaxtm room
npnnnexamr n cnoe exrentocrn nce ontme ncrounxon ]nacono
noepxxn.
..oxc, paccmarpnnax pecypct omecrneoro oenenx ntenxer na xnacca:
etrn n marepnantax nomomt. pn +rom nouepxnnaercx, uro etrn moryr nocrynart
ns pasnnutx ncrounxon: unecxne nsoct, nnara sa oxasate ycnyrn, oponontte
noxeprnonanx (noapxn), rpart |75, c. 129-130|.
<8
.. yrpn |143, c. 13| crpynnnponan nce ncrounxn ]opmnponanx nmymecrna n
ecxontxo ontmnx xnaccon:
esnosmesoe nnn co cxnxamn nonyuene nmymecrna (paor, ycnyr) no
npemeoe nnn nocroxoe nontsonane;
oxot or paspemeo saxoom npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn;
pyrne e sanpemete saxoom nocrynnenx.
ononnrento o nouepxyn raxym nosmoxocrt nx ]opmnponanx nmymecrna,
xax npnnneuene oponontnen (ncnontsonane rpya oponontnen).
onnexrnn anropon n xnre naconoe ynpannene nx , opamamr
nnmane, uro, n sanncnmocrn or nontsonarenx, mxer moxer trt c]opmnpona c
paso crenetm erannsannn. npnmepy, roono mxer n oxoo uacrn
moxer nxnmuart n cex oxot or cocrneo exrentocrn n nenente cpecrna, a n
pacxoo - pacxot a nponsnocrno ycnyr n nenente pacxot.
.R. amontcxn n cnoe xnre npnnonr npnmep cmert oxoon n pacxoon n
paspese cneymmnx crare:
1. oxot :
2.57crynnrentte nsoct.
2.58necxne nsoct.
2.59oponontte nenente nsoct ]nsnuecxnx nnn.
2.60oponontte nenente nsoct mpnnuecxnx nnn.
2. acxot :
2.61apaorax nnara ncnonnrene nporpammt.
2.62runcnenx no nemxerte ]ot.
2.63omanponoute pacxot.
2.64anenxpcxne n xosxcrnete pacxot.
2.65pnoperene ocontx cpecrn.
2.66acxot a apey n coepxane san n nomemen.
2.67mnncrparnnte pacxot.
77
2.8. enpennete pacxot.
.. axaptn, n cnoe xnre, n oxoym uacrt cmert npenaraer nxnmuart nsoct
yupenrene, nenenoe ]nacnponane n nocrynnenx or npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn. pacxoo uacrn ntenxmrcx xommyantte nnarexn,
xosxcrnete pacxot n pacxot a pemor ocontx cpecrn, pesepn
enpennetx pacxoon n nenente pacxot.
mera - +ro n nna, n cnoco opransannn xorponx, n cmere npnnoxrcx oxot n
pacxot, n a ero ocone opransyercx xorpont pacxoonanx cpecrn n coornercrnne c
yrnepxeo cmero. mera nomoraer nnanponart exrentocrt oenenx, cnecrn
no eno nce nen, nosnxammne n oenenn, nomoraer onpeennrt peantocrt nx
nonnomenx.
ymecrnymr na noxoa x cosanm cmert:
a ocone ocymecrnnxemtx nporpamm, a
ocone pacxoon.
cmere a ocone nporpamm opransannx cauana onpeenxer anpannenx
nporpammo exrentocrn, a norom paccunrtnaer pacxot nx ocymecrnnenx
ntpao exrentocrn.
cmere a ocone pacxoon opransannx cauana onpeenxer, cxontxo cpecrn yer
(nmeercx) n annunn, a sarem pemaer, xax nx ncnontsonart.
raaprom -117 naconax oruerocrt exommepuecxnx opransann,
pernamernpymmem nopxox ee ]opmnponanx, ocooe nnmane yenxercx nonpocy
orpanuenx ncnontsonanx cpecrn, nonyuetx omecrnetm oenenem.
oxeprnonanx atm craaprom enxrcx no crenen orpanuenx a 3 xnacca:
eorpanuete;
npemeo orpanuete (xax ontmncrno rparon);
nocroxo orpanuete.
pamaem nnmane, uro npemeo orpanuete axrnnt yyr
ocnooxet or orpanuen npn npoxoxenn exoroporo npemen nnn npn
78
ntnonenn exommepuecxo opransanne exoroptx ecrnn. nocroxo
orpanuete axrnnt yyr nmert orpanuenx n reuenn cpoxa cymecrnonanx
omecrneoro oenenx.
anonee naxtm yxranrepcxnm oruerom nx exommepuecxnx opransann
xnnxercx ruer o rexyme exrentocrn (cm. npnn. 2, crp.179). 3ror oruer noxastnaer
cymmt oxoon n pacxoon n reuene orueroro nepnoa a ocone meroa auncnenx.
nxxx nnnx oruera - nsmeene n uncrtx axrnnax (aanor uncro npntnn nx
xommepuecxnx opransann). nxnmuaer:
1. rpoxn:
- nepannoax exrentocrt:
oxot
acxot
eonepannoax exrentocrt
smeenx n uncrtx axrnnax
2. onoxn:
rpanuete
pemeo orpanuete
ocroxo orpanuete
paspese atx crare, c nopotm nx onncanem n ]opmnpymrcx cmert
, c yuerom pasnnunx rnnon opransann.
exoropte poccncxne anropt nnreparypt, npeasaueo nx exommepuecxnx
opransann pexomeymr nx roro, urot onerunrt ]opmnponane oruera o nenenom
ncnontsonann cpecrn (]opma N6), ncrounxn nocrynnenx cpecrn pasenxrt no
crartxm oxoon, coornercrnymmnx crpoxam, npeycmorpetm oruerom:
crynnrentte nsoct
necxne nsoct
oponontte nsoct
oxot or exrentocrn
79
poune
o amemy menm, npnmeene ao xnaccn]nxannn n cmere eocrarouo nx
opransann, npnnnexammnx n cnoe paore pasoopaste ncrounxn ]nacnponanx
n ocymecrnnxmmne sarpart, cnxsate c nyrpnorpacnentmn ocoeocrxmn
exrentocrn oenenx, peannsymmnx ecxontxo nporpamm. romy xe, nsnnmee
oomene n]opmannn npnnonr x romy, uro sanrepeconatm nontsonarenxm
cnoxo cenart ntnot a ocone nsnnme yxpyneo ]nacono n]opmannn.
enxx saxooarentym asy, nccneonanx nnreparyptx ncrounxon n
npaxrnuecxn ontr, nxe, n rannne 3, amn npenoxea roonax cmera omecrneoro
oenenx c yuerom orpacneno cnenn]nxn exommepuecxoro cexropa +xoomnxn.
annna 3
rnepxeo poroxonom N or 200r.
mero copanx oopnannooro conera
penaraemax roonax cmera omecrneoro oenenx sa 200ro
anmeonane oxoa/pacxoa ymma, pyne
anto oxoon ()/pacxoon(-) a auano roa: ;
1. oxot
1.1. necxne nsoct 50000
1.2. crynnrentte nsoct 50000
1.3. oponontte noxeprnonanx 300000
1.3.1. opate uepes xmnx narornopnrenttx
noxeprnonan
10000
1.3.2. opate n pesyntrare nponeenx
narornopnrenttx axnn, norepe, npounx meponpnxrn
90000
1.3.3.0r ]nsnuecxnx nnn 20000
1.3.4. onmte noxeprnonanx or ]nsnuecxnx nnn 2000
1.3.5. r mpnnuecxnx nnn 178000
1.4. part 500000
1 B! 1. r nocrpatx rparoarene 300000
1.4.2. r poccncxnx rparoarene 200000
1.5. oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn 50000
1.5.1. poneene cemnapon 30000
1.5.2. xasane ycnyr 20000
(#
poonxene ran. 3
1.6. onoxnrentax xypconax pasnna 2000
1.7. py nonorepon (oponontnen) 3000
1.8. ccnronanx ns mxera 10000
roro oxot: )8'###
2. acxot
2.1. nnara rpya 50000
2.2. c sapaoro nnart 13000
2.3. omanponoute pacxot 200000
2.4. pea 100000
2.5. ommyantte nnarexn 20000
2.6. acxot a cnxst 82000
2.7. acxot a npnoperene n pemor oopyonanx 60000
2.8. acxot a nynnxannn 10000
2.9. Henente pacxot a orentte nporpammt 130000
2.10. acxot a ocymecrnnene npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn
10000
2.11. rpnnarentax xypconax pasnna 1000
2.12. cnyrn axa 5000
2.13. acxot a oecneuene exrentocrn nonorepon
(oponontnen)
3000
2.14. acxot a aynr nporpamm 5000
2.15. mnncrparnnte pacxot 270000
2.15.1. nnara rpya amnncrparnno-ynpanneuecxoro
nepcoana
70000
2.15.2. runcnenx a connantte yxt c sapaoro
nnart amnncrparnno-ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana
18200
2.15.3. anenxpcxne o]ncte pacxot 11800
2.15.4. acxot a cnyxete xomanponxn 100000
2.15.5. acxot a coepxane n pemor nmymecrna
omexosxcrneoro asauenx
15000
2.15.6. acxot a cnxst 50000
2.15.7. poune amnncrparnnte pacxot 5000
2.16. poune nenente pacxot 6000
roro pacxot: )8'###
yxononrent omecrneoro oenenx//
t ormeuaem, uro, n sanncnmocrn or ocontx anpannen ycrano exrentocrn,
omecrneoe oenene moxer ncxnmunrt ns npecranneo cmert rpa]t, nno
pasyxpynnrt exoropte n paspese ntnonxemtx npoexron.
("
aom cnyuae mt npeamepeo e crann yunrtnart n cmere nsoct yupenrene
n orento rpa]e. nt opransannoo-npanontx ]opm omecrnetx oenen
npenonaramr annune omecrneoro yupexenx, o a npaxrnxe aax
pasonnocrt ncrpeuaercx xpae pexo, r.x. saxooarentcrno o exommepuecxnx
opransannxx npeycmarpnnaer yupexene, xax orentt nn, ornnut or
omecrneoro oenenx. romy xe, oxot +roro nna e moryr trt nocroxtmn
- on nosnxamr rontxo npn cosann omecrneoro yupexenx n npn ynennuenn ee
ycranoro ]oa sa cuer ononnrenttx nsocon. omem cnyuae npeentt cpox
necenx nsocon yupenrenxmn e moxer npentmart neanarn mecxnen c momera
rocyapcrneo perncrpannn oenenx n xauecrne mpnnuecxoro nnna.
neonarento, a ouepeo ]nacont ro nocrynnenx no ao crpoxe moxo
nnanponart n pasmepax, pantx saonxeocrn yupenrene no cocroxnm a auano
nnanpyemoro roa, a nepno, n xoropom on moryr nocrynnrt, e onxe ntxonrt sa
npeent cpoxa necenx nsocon, orpanueoro saxooarentcrnom. conanem nx
nnanponanx xnnxmrcx ate, nsxrte ns yupenrenttx oxymeron, n n]opmannx o
saonxeocrn yupenrene (ecnn raxonax nmeercx) no cocroxnm a auano
nnanpyemoro roa
rmernm eme oy ocoeocrt, npncymym omecrnetm oenenxm. nx
pacnopxxene moryr nocrynart eeexte oxot n nne noxeprnonaoro
nmymecrna n ycnyr n paort oponontnen.
pn nororonxe pacxoo uacrn mxera paora oponontnen n pyrne
eeexte ]opmt oxoon onpeenxmrcx n npnoperamr eext +xnnnaner xax
pacxot. oponontnt n eeexte oxot cunramrcx ouet naxtmn nx ycnemo
paort oenenx. o sa xaxt pacxo nnarnrcx ns xaxoro-nno ncrounxa
oxoa, no+romy eeexte pacxot cneyer ypanonemenart noxeprnonanxmn or
uacrtx nnn nnn opransann.
ecmorpx a ro, uro eeexte pacxot e rpeymr ntnnart eextx cpecrn,
yxo nonmart, uro eeexte pacxot craonxrcx nosmoxtmn rontxo ecnn
cymecrnymr eeexte oxot. o+romy eexoe ntpaxene
82
paort oponontnen n eeextx noxeprnonan onxt trt nxnmuet n mxer
xax oxot.
penapnrentax ]asa nororonxn cmert axonrcx n xomnerennn pyxonocrna
oenenx n xoopnaropon nporpamm, xoropte onnctnamr meponpnxrnx,
nonexamne peannsannn n yymem roy n cocrannxmr nx xaneapt nna. cono
saaue xaneaporo nnaa xnnxercx pasecene meponpnxrn no npemen nx
+]]exrnnoro ncnontsonanx marepnanttx, rpyontx n npounx pecypcon
oenenx.
ononnrento x roono cmere mt pexomeyem cocrannxrt cmert nporpamm n
npoexron. aym rouxy spenx noepxnnamr .R. amontcxn, .. axatxona,
arneen R |136,101,78, 79|.
nropamn ypca nexnn nx pexomeyercx, npn cocrannenn mxeron n
ocymecrnnenem nnarexe no npoexram/nporpammam pyxonocrnonartcx
cneymmnmn xpnrepnxmn n meroamn onycrnmocrn pacxoon:
2.68 acxot ooconat nx ntnonenx paor no npoexry/nporpamme.
2.69 acxot coornercrnymr nmtm orpanuenxm nnn ncxnmuenxm,
ycraonnetm ]nacnpymme opransanne.
2.70 acxot onpeenet n coornercrnnn c npnnnnamn opransannn
yxranrepcxoro yuera .
2.71 acxot aexnaro o]opmnet.
am t xorenoct yrounrt at cnncox raxnm xpnrepnem xax nyrpnorpacnente
ocoeocrn onycrnmocrn roro nnn noro oxoa nnn pacxoa. npnmepy, crarte 582
onpeeneo, uro rontxo ne opransannoo-npanonte ]opmt omecrnetx
oenen moryr nonyuart noxeprnonanx - omecrneax opransannx n
omecrnet ]o. eprnonarent oxsa onpeennrt nenenoe ncnontsonane raxoro
nmymecrna, naue oo cunraercx otutm apenem. neonarento, n pacxot no
ncnontsonanm aoro nmymecrna xnnxmrcx crporo nenentmn.
(7
axxe, omecrnete oenenx, n ornnune or ocranttx , nmemr
ononnrentoe orpanuene - reppnropnx, a xoropo omecrneoe oenene
nnpane ocymecrnnxrt cnom exrentocrt. |8, cr. 14| 3ro reppnropnantoe orpanuene
xacaercx n npana necrn npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt n ocymecrnnxrt pacxot c
e cnxsate.
nx npnmepa mt xornm npnnecrn cmery, peannsyemo onoexo npanosamnro
rpynno, nporpammt nponeenx cemnapon no asnanem: "rapr - mxona
rpaxacxo axrnnocrn n connanto apxnrexrypt"
porpamma oyuenx n xone paxacxo xrnnocrn n onnanto pxnrexrypt
cocronr ns rpex xypcon. cono npnnnn nporpammt -"oyuene uepes ontr".
uet nponecc nocrpoe a couerann rpenr-cemnapon c ncnontsonanem
nrponoro moennponanx n nnnnyanto craxnponxn no pyxonocrnom xyparopa a
ase exommepuecxnx opransann. axnm opasom, cryert nporpammt "rapr" moryr
e rontxo nonyunrt onte sanx, o n npnopecrn peantte npaxrnuecxne antxn
paort.
aunax c 1997 roa, opasonarentax nporpamma "rapr" npononnact no mornx
ropoax occnn. pen nx opoex, ocxna, ocron, nxn onropo, xsat,
nanmnp. a ceroxmn et yuacrnxamn nporpammt crann onee nxrncor uenonex.
pnmepo 20 ns nx npoonxamr yuacrnonart n paore omecrnetx n
exommepuecxnx opransann. "rapronnt", npomemne oyuene n uncne nepntx,
npoonxamr coecrnonart pasnnrnm nporpammt n opransymr nponeene rpenron
y cex n pernoax.
mae 2002 roa xona paxacxo xrnnocrn n onnanto pxnrexrypt
"rapr" nonyunna npnsane onoexo porpammt onera npont
"panosamnroe opasonane".
exomeyemax amn ]opma cmert aoro npoexra npecrannea amn n rannne 4.
annna 4
84
rnepxeo poroxonom N or 01 xnapx 2006r.
mero copanx oopnannooro conera
mera npoexra "panosamnroe opasonane"
anmeonane oxoa/pacxoa ymma, py.
anto oxoon ()/pacxoon(-) a auano roa:
1. oxot
1.3. oponontte noxeprnonanx 100000
1.3.1. opate n pesyntrare nponeenx
narornopnrenttx axnn, norepe, npounx meponpnxrn
1.3.2.0r ]nsnuecxnx nnn 10000
1.3.3. r mpnnuecxnx nnn 90000
1.4. part 200000
1.4.1. r nocrpatx rparoarene 200000
1.6. onoxnrentte xypconte pasnnt no rparam,
nonyuetm n nanmre
5000
1.7. py nonorepon (oponontnen) 50000
roro oxot: 7''###
2. acxot
2.1. mnncrparnno-ynpanneuecxne pacxot 10000
2.2. Henente pacxot a nporpammy rapr 345000
2.2.1. anronapt n pasaroute marepnant 140000
2.2.1.1. anronapt n pasaroute marepnant nx mxonttx
nporpamm rpenron "oneparocrt: mo mar"
100000
2.2.1.2. ]opmannote marepnant nx cepnn xoxypcon
(oxnnenx n r.n.)
7000
2.2.1.3. anronapt n pasaroute marepnant nx
cemnapon pernoanttx xoopnaropon
30000
2.2.1.4. arepnant n]opmannoo xamnann (crnxept,
nocrept, nncronxn)
3000
2.2.2. pea 60000
2.2.2.1. pea o]nca npoexra n opoexe 10000
2.2.2.2. pea o]nca npoexra n nxem onropoe 9000
2.2.2.3. pea o]nca npoexra n ocrone-a-oy 5000
2.2.2.4. pea nomemenx nx mxonttx nporpamm
rpenron
16000
2.2.2.5. pea nomemen nx cemnapon "rapr" 20000
2.2.3. omanponoute pacxot 70000
2.2.3.1. acxot no npoesy n npoxnnanm xoopnaropon
nporpammt
20000
2.2.3.2. acxot no npoesy n npoxnnanm yuacrnxon
cemnapon
27400
('
poonxene ran. 4
2.2.3.3. acxot no npoesy, npoxnnanm n nnranm
nonorepon
10000
2.2.4. ommyantte nnarexn 5000
2.2.5. acxot a cnxst 10000
2.2.6. nnara rpya 30000
2.2.7. c sapaoro nnart 7800
2.2.8. rpnnarentte xypconte pasnnt no rparam n
nanmre
5000
2.2.9. cnyrn axa 3000
2.2.10. acxot a oopyonane 30000
2.2.10.1. pnoperene xcepoxca 25000
2.2.10.2. po]nnaxrnxa n pacxote marepnant nx
xcepoxca
5000
2.2.11. poune pacxot no nporpamme 6800
roro pacxo: 7''###
cnonnrentt npexrop.. epepona
mera oxoon n pacxoon no nporpamme cocrannxercx a npemx ecrnnx
nporpammt, oa moxer ponrtcx a metmne cmert, xacammnecx nponeenx, x
npnmepy, ooro cemnapa. mera erannsnpyercx ncxox ns npnnnna
nenecoopasocrn pasnenx crare. ax mt nnnm n rannne 4, rpa]a apea
nopasenxercx xax a orentte nnt anpannenx apet (nx o]nca, nx cemnapa,
mxonttx rpenron), rax n no reorpa]nuecxomy npnnnny. Henecoopaso raxxe
ntennrt ns ao cmert n metmym cmery oxot n pacxot, orocxmnecx x
xaxomy nopasenenm.
nt, cpoxn n nopxox cocrannenx cmer, no amemy menm, cneyer saxpennrt
nporoxonom omero copanx ntcmero opraa ynpannenx omecrnetm
oenenem (oopnannooro conera).
accmarpnnax sapyexym npaxrnxy exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen, mt
oparnnn nnmane, uro n sanat crpaax otuo coner npexropon nosnaraer
ornercrneocrt sa ntnonene perynxptx ceptestx nponepox ]nacono
exrentocrn oenenx a ]nacont xomnrer, xoropt raxxe xorponnpyer
nponecc cocrannenx mxera, oruera no ero
(8
ncnonenm n nponeene aynra, a rax xe aannsnpyer exrentocrt no copy cpecrn,
npaxrnxy npnema a paory, ocymecrnnenm nnecrnnn.
..enma nsnaraer, uro n omecrnetx xosxcrnax npnxonrcx n xone roa
yuecrt ynennuene nnn ymetmene cocroxnx, o +ro nsmeene cocroxnx nmeer n
omecrnetx xosxcrnax concem pyro ncrounx, exenn n uacrtx. uacrom
xosxcrne ytrox nnn npntnt xnnxmrcx cnecrnnem npentmenx sarpar a ntpyuxo
nnn aoopor, ronopnrcx n ero rpye, ro, n omecrnetx xosxcrnax, n ontmncrne
cnyuaen, npntnt oxastnaercx cepexenem npornn npeycmorpetx pacxoon nnn
nsnnmxom nocrynnen, cnepx oxnanmnxcx, ytrox cnecrnnem nepepacxoa nnn
eoopa n oxoax.
.. naron astnaer cmery rnantm oconanem amnncrparnno exrentocrn
omecrneoro xosxcrna, rax xax rnanax saaua cueronocrna omecrneoro
xosxcrna noxasart, xaxnmn cpecrnamn oo pacnonarano n xax oo nx ynorpenno.
axxe eoxonmo conocrannene cmertx npenoxen c nx ncnonenem n
ntxcene npnun pasnnun. |58, c.370|
ruer no cmere no nrorom roa, paccmarpnnaemt ocontm opraom ynpannenx
oenenx, xnnxercx ocono nx onexn ee exrentocrn. opma aoro oruera n
paorax, nocnxmetx yuery n omecrnetx opransannxx, e amna orpaxenx. pn
+rom, px anropon |70, 97, 98, 101, 123, 95 n p.|, nornepxaer nenecoopasocrt ero
]opmnponanx. npnmepy, .. aauncxn nonaraer, uro aanns oruera,
cocranneoro n paspese sarpar, nosnonxer onenrt +]]exrnnocrt npoexra, n
ncnontsonart ero xax asy cpanenx.
t npenaraem oruer ncnonenx cmert n nne cneymmero oxymera (ran.5).
annna 5
(<
ruer ncnonenx cmert
anmeonane oxoa/pacxoa
peycmorpe
oe n cmere,
pyne
axrnuecxoe
nocrynnene/pac
xo,pyne
rxnoen
e, pyne
anto oxoon ()/pacxoon(-)
a auano roa:
1. oxot
1.1. necxne nsoct
1.2. crynnrentte nsoct
1.3.
oponontte
noxeprnonanx 1.3.1. opate uepes xmnx
narornopnrenttx
noxeprnonan
1.3.2. opate n pesyntrare
nponeenx narornopnrenttx
axnn, norepe, npounx
meponpnxrn
1.3.3.0r ]nsnuecxnx nnn
1.3.4. onmte
noxeprnonanx or ]nsnuecxnx
nnn
1.3.5. r mpnnuecxnx nnn
1.4. part
1.4.1. r
nocrpatx
1.4.2. r
poccncxnx
1.5. oxot or
npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn
1.5.1. poneene cemnapon
1.5.2. xasane ycnyr
1.6. onoxnrentax
xypconax pasnna
1.7. py nonorepon
(oponontnen)
1.8. ccnronanx ns mxera
roro oxot:
2. acxot
2.1. nnara rpya
88
poonxene ran. 5
2.2. c sapaoro nnart
2.3. omanponoute pacxot
2.4. pea
2.5. ommyantte nnarexn
2.6. acxot a cnxst
2.7. acxot a npnoperene n
pemor oopyonanx
2.8. acxot a nynnxannn
2.9. poune nenente pacxot a
nporpammt
2.10. acxot a ocymecrnnene
npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn
2.11. rpnnarentax xypconax
pasnna
2.12. cnyrn axa
2.13. acxot a oecneuene
exrentocrn nonorepon
(oponontnen)
2.14. acxot a aynr
nporpamm/npoexron
2.15. mnncrparnnte
pacxot
2.15.1. nnara rpya
amnncrparnno-
ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana
2.15.2. runcnenx a
connantte yxt c sapaoro
nnart amnncrparnno-
ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana
2.15.3. anenxpcxne o]ncte
pacxot
2.15.4. acxot a cnyxete
xomanponxn
2.15.5. acxot a coepxane n
pemor nmymecrna
omexosxcrneoro asauenx
2.15.6. acxot a cnxst
2.15.7. poune
amnncrparnnte pacxot
2.16. poune nenente pacxot
roro pacxot:
3xoomnx ()/epepacxo(-):
()
mxeroe nnanponane aunaercx c aannsa exrentocrn n oruera o ntnonenn
cmert sa npomnt nepno, onpeenenx npnopnrertx anpannen exrentocrn
oenenx a cneymmn ro.
aora no cosanm mxera rpeyer nepcnexrnnoro mtmnenx, nccneonan,
earon n xomnpomnccon. cnn opransannx mana nnn mxer ee enennx, ro
pacnpeenene pecypcon anpanneo a orpaxene npnopnreron oenenx.
mera n oruer no ee ncnonenm ntpaxamr nonnrnxy oenenx c nomomtm
]nacontx repmnon. em npecrannet onpeenete rnnt, xauecrna n xonnuecrna
ycnyr nx ocrnxenx nene oenenx. ]opmannx, npecranneax n cmere, aer
nosmoxocrt npoaannsnponart, cxontxo n xaxnx ncrounxon nocrynnen ncnontsyercx
n oenenn, xaxne sarpart nosnxamr npn ocymecrnnenn nporpamm n xaxona onx
xaxo crartn pacxoon. ro, n cnom ouepet, nontmaer crenet ocronepocrn
nporoson a ocone ao n]opmannn.
narornopnrenn, npexe ncero, opamamr nnmane a ro, xax rpamoro o]opmnea
cmera n oruer no ee ncnonenm, nce nn pacxot n e yuret. onmene ncex
npnnnnon cocrannenx cmert, nosnonnr nsexart nosnxonenx esannanponatx
pacxoon. penoxete amn cmera n oruer o ee ncnonenn moryr xnnxrtcx
ooconanem norpeocrn oenenx n pecypcax n nnnmcrpnponart oconte
anpannenx ee exrentocrn.
npnmepy, no cymmonomy noxasarenm crartn, moxo cxasart npenpnnmarentcxo
nnn no exrentocrn (rparonoe ]nacnponane) yenxercx n oenenn ontmee
nnmane n aom roy.
ax tno cxasao paee, ocono ynop n yuere exommepuecxo exrentocrn
enaercx a yuere nenentx oxoon n pacxoon n nornepxenn nenenoro
pacxoonanx nonyuetx a ntnonene onpeenetx nporpamm cpecrn.
penoxeax anropamn cmera oxoon n pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx, a rax
xe oruer o ee ncnonenn, nosnonxer +]]exrnno pemnrt
90
aym nponemy. a oconann atx npenoxetx orueron, moxo
]opmnponart ]naconte oruert nx pastx rpynn nontsonarene.
]opmannx, coepxamaxcx n cmere n oruere no ee ncnonenm yer nonesa npn
]opmnponann coepxarento oruerocrn, xax nx xeprnonarene, rax n nx
xorponnpymmnx opraon.
romy xe onexa +]]exrnnocrn mexansma oxasanx connanttx ycnyr
npenonaraer yuer n conocrannene pacxoon no ocymecrnnenm aoro nna
exrentocrn c nonyuaemtm connanto-+xoomnuecxnm +]]exrom, nx uero ate
npenoxetx orueron yyr npecrannxrt cymecrneym nonesocrt.
syuax anee nosnxmym n acroxmee npemx y omecrnetx oenen,
acymym norpeocrt n nonyuenn ncecropoe n]opmannn o xosxcrnetx
nponeccax, r.x. pyxonocrno opransann npenonaraer npnxrne rexymnx pemen a
pastx yponxx ynpannenx. t npnmnn x ntnoy, uro nx ntopa onrnmantoro c
rouxn spenx +]]exrnnocrn n nonesocrn pemenx nponemo cnryannn c
nonyuenem ]nacnponanx nnn xorponx sarpar, eoxonmo nmert nenocro
npecranneym no nm n]opmannm c onxo crenetm erannsannn xaxoro
acnexra.
exy rem, cnoxnnmaxcx meroonornx yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx e
coornercrnyer atm rpeonanxm. npncymn ynpomenx n yuere, xoropte e
onpanat n conpemeo +xoomnxe n neyr x nsxo crenen ocronepocrn,
oexrnnocrn yuero n]opmannn, e oecneunnaer xorpont sa coornercrnnem
]axrnuecxnx pacxoon cmertm. ce ntme cxasaoe, nouepxnnaer eoxonmocrt
conepmecrnonanx meronxn yxranrepcxoro yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon n
omecrnetx oenenxx.
rperte rnane am t xorenoct npnnecrn pexomeannn n oromenn nopxxa
yxranrepcxoro yuera xaxoro nna nenenoro oxoa n pacxoa n omecrneom
oenenn.
91
% .
%!1 .
xone 80-x auane 90-x roon, xora n ycnonnxx saxooarentoro naxyyma
sapoxannct nepnte omecrnete oenenx, ontmncrno ns nx crponno yuert
nponecc n coornercrnnn c npnnnnamn mxeroro yuera, a ror momer nopoo
pernamernponaoro co cropot rocyapcrna. nocneee npemx nponemam pasnnrnx
omecrnetx oenen, nontmenx nx +]]exrnnocrn n nocrpoenm mexansmon
mexcexroporo nsanmoecrnnx n ao c]epe yenxercx ocrarouo ceptesoe
nnmane co cropot npecrannrene rocyapcrneo nnacrn n exommepuecxoro
cexropa. conte anpannenx paspaorxn ao remt cnxsat c nsyuenem ee
npanontx, opransannotx, connanttx acnexron. mecre c rem nce onee ouenno
craonnrcx eoxonmocrt yrnyneoro aannsa meroonornn yxranrepcxoro yuera
cexropa xax asono cocrannxmme, es xoropo enosmoxo nocrpoene
ntcoxo+]]exrnnoro mexansma npeocrannenx omecrnetmn oenenxmn
connanttx ycnyr. eocrarouax paspaorxa reopnn n meroonornn npnmenrento x
c]epe omecrnetx oenen e nosnonxer ntxnnrt oexrnno oycnonnete
+xoomnuecxne saxoomepocrn n mornnannn, a rax xe nocrponrt cncremy paorammnx
meronx n cxem yxranrepcxoro yuera nx ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn.
npetyme rnane npnnonnact xnaccn]nxannx oxoon, xoropax ncnontsyercx npn
cocrannenn cmer n omecrnetx oenenxx, o xax rontxo cpecrna nenenoro
]nacnponanx aunamr nocrynart n opransannm, y ee nosnxamr onte nonpoct.
ax npannnto o]opmnrt n orpasnrt +ry onepannm, e apymnn ecrnymmero
saxooarentcrna, rpeonanx xorponnpymmnx opraon, xoropte npncranto cnexr sa
exrentocrtm omecrnetx oenen? ax cenart rax, urot cpecrna etnn
npnsat enenentmn n e tnn nstcxat n oxo mecroro mxera |11, rc.20,
n.4|?
92
conte npnunt orcyrcrnnx ayuoro noxoa x yuery n omecrnetx
oenenxx, no amemy menm, saxnmuamrcx n cneymmem:
no-nepntx, no sarpoyrtm amn nonpocam opransannn n neenx yxranrepcxoro
yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx cymecrnyer ysxn xpyr cnennanto nnreparypt,
e nsnecrt mnpoxomy xpyry yxranrepon;
no-nroptx, n nnaono +xoomnxe e tno omecrnetx opransann e
noxorponttx mxery. pn nepexoe a +xoomnxy ptouym n nosnxonenn
erocyapcrnetx exommepuecxnx oenen, cnennanncrt, paorammne n ao
orpacnn, nepnoauanto nsxnn ontr cncremt yuera, npnxro n mxertx
yupexenxx. o, xax nosee oxasanoct, no mornx cymecrnetx acnexrax nepeecrn
ero a yuert nponecc omecrnetx oenen oxasanoct e nenecoopastm;
n-rpertnx, n acroxmee npemx orcyrcrnymr xaxne-nno o]nnnantte nnn
nyrpncncremte meronuecxne pexomeannn no cocrannenm cmer n neenm
yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx, uro orpnnarento cxastnaercx a
cocroxnn yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx;
n-uerneprtx, npn nsyuenn yuetx ncnnnnn no yxranrepcxomy yuery, xax
npannno, e axnernpymr nnmane a cnenn]nxe yuera n omecrnetx
oenenxx;
n-nxrtx, oconoe nnmane conpemeoro yxranrepa cocpeoroueo a npannntom
ncuncnenn anoron, r.e. anoroonoxene n acroxmee npemx cronr a nepnom mecre n
paore yxranrepa, a meronxa yxranrepcxoro yuera orxonr a nropo nna.
orne omecrnete oenenx n auane cnoe exrentocrn, cnpanennno
nonarax, uro nx exrentocrt (n ]nacono uacrn) nmeer moro omero c mxertmn
opransannxmn, npnmexmr mxert nna cueron. axym omnxy, n uacrocrn,
onycxann exoropte orenenx occncxoro ercxoro oa, occncxo opoo
cnoprnno-rexnuecxo opransannn () n p. orouncnete pasxcenx no
+romy nonpocy, ate n]nom cnnerentcrnymr o rom, uro mxert
nna cueron
)7
ncnontsyercx rontxo mxertmn opransannxmn. anomnm onpeenene mxero
opransannn: mxero xnnxercx opransannx, "oconax exrentocrt xoropo
]nacnpyercx sa cuer cpecrn mxera". axnm opasom, ocono meroonornuecxo
aso yuera omecrnetx oenen xnnxmrcx na cueron yxranrepcxoro yuera
]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn npenpnxrn n ncrpyxnnx no ero
npnmeenm.
nx oomenx n]opmannn o nnxenn cpecrn, npeasauetx nx
ocymecrnnenx meponpnxrn nenenoro asauenx, cpecrn, nocrynnnmnx or pyrnx
opransann n nnn, mxertx cpecrn n p. npeasaue cuer 86 "Henenoe
]nacnponane". onom cuerom nnae cuer "Henenoe ]nacnponane" nepeece n
pasen VII "annran" n rem camtm npnpane x cocrannxmmnm xannrana oenenx.
|19|
aunrentoe xonnuecrno rpyon |70, 71, 97, 98, 95 n p.| nocnxmetx yuery
]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann axnernpyer
nnmane unrarene a eoxonmocrn orxptrnx cycueron x cuery 86, oaxo xaxnmn
nmeo on onxt trt e noxcxmr.
. arypna |55| npenoxnna nx erannsannn n]opmannn no cuery 86
ncnontsonart 3 xareropnn ]oon omecrnetx oenen n coornercrnne c
yxranrepcxnm craaprom N 7 naconax oruerocrt exommepuecxnx
opransann ( inancial tatements oI Not-Ir-ProIit rganizations:
2.72 rpanuete x pacxoonanm (permanentl restricte);
2.73 pemeo orpanuete x pacxoonanm (temporaril restricte);
2.74 eorpanuete x pacxoonanm (nrestricte).
.. xonnen n cnoe crarte coeocrn yura nmymecrna npn
ocymecrnnenn ecxontxnx nnon exrentocrn | 149| yxasan, uro nenecoopaso
orxptrt a cuere 86 orentte cycuera, xaxt ns xoroptx orpaxaer onpeeneym
cnenn]nxy nocrynnnmero nmymecrna. anpnmep: 1 -ocrynnene cpecrn; 2 -
esepn cpecrn a npnoperene nmymecrna; 3 -mymecrno n +xcnnyarannn.
)&
rouxn spenx .. anxono |112|, cymecrnyer na noxoa x pemenm
nponemt ooconeoro yuera. epnt saxnmuaercx n rom, uro nce amnncrparnnte
pacxot yunrtnamrcx a orentom cycuere x cuery 96 nenente ]nacnponanx n
nocrynnenx (n onom nnae cueron +ro cuer 86), n n xone xaxoro mecxna pacxot
nenentx nporpamm pacnpeenxmrcx nponopnnoanto yentomy necy cpecrn,
nocrynnnmnx a xaxym nporpammy. ropo noxo cocronr n rom, uro x 96 cuery
orxptnamrcx cycuera no xaxo ns nporpamm. pn +rom, n copnxe oronapnnaercx,
uro nosmoxt n pyrne napnart.
. . yaoncxn n cnoem ]yamerantom rpye pnnnnt omecrneoro
cueroneenx, nsaom n ocxne n 1913 roy, ormeuan, uro yuer, e ntxoxmn sa
pamxn npocroro conocrannenx ooro mxera es xrnna n accnna co cmerom,
npecrannxer enont aannrnuecxn (xorpontt) yuer n astnaercx npocro
xamepanto yxranrepne |125|.
.. arypna n cnoe crarte mecrnete opransannn n yuer n nx:
ncropnuecxn osop nnmer cneymmee: ocrarout nrepec npecrannxer n
npnmeene xamepanto cncremt yuera nx exommepuecxnx opransann. 3ra
cncrema nnone morna t npnxnrtcx n n conpemetx ycnonnxx xosxcrnonanx
exommepuecxnx opransann. |54|
pamaxct x ncropnn pasnnrnx exommepuecxoro cexropa n x rpyam rex anropon,
xoropte paorann a nponemamn yuera n nx n auane XX nexa, .. ononopcxn n
.. ep]nnten oapyxnnn, uro n exommepuecxo opransannn nx nononeoro
yxranrepcxoro yuera ncex xosxcrnetx onepann onxt couerartcx na nna
cueronocrna: xamepantt (nx exommepuecxo exrentocrn) n narpnmonantt
(nx xommepuecxo exrentocrn).
.. ononopcxnm n .. ep]nntentm |114| npecrannxercx eoxonmtm
paspaorxa enoro nnaa cueron nx poccncxnx exommepuecxnx opransann, o a
ocone pacmnpeo xon]nxannn cueron (yaut napnar raxoro poa
)'
pemenx moxo npoemocrpnponart a npnmepe poccncxoro axoncxoro nnaa
cueron c 14-sauo xon]nxanne).
accmorpnm npenoxeym +rnmn anropamn cxemy nocrpoenx nnaa cueron
exommepuecxo opransannn. em axoxr orpaxene rontxo uertpe oconte
nn]pt omepa cuera. ax xax xonnuecrno nn]p n omepe cuera ocraercx a ycmorpene
nontsonarenx, ro nx ouet manetxnx opransann c eontmnm uncnom
ocymecrnnxemtx nporpamm, oxastnaemtx ycnyr, rpex- nnn uertpexpaspxte cuera
tnn t camtm onrnmanttmn. o ecnn opransannx ocymecrnnxer moxecrno
npoexron, neer mororpaym exrentocrt, ro uertpex paspxon yer mano.
rpyxrypy nnaa cueron n camom npocrom napnare moxo nponnnmcrpnponart
cneymmnm opasom. epnax nn]pa n cuere noxastnaer npnanexocrt x ocono
rpynne cueron. axnx rpynn y exommepuecxo opransannn moxo ntennrt nxrt:
or 1000-00 o 1999-00 uera axrnnon;
or 2000-00 o 2999-00 uera naccnnon;
or 3000-00 o 3999-00 uera uncrtx axrnnon;
or 4000-00 o 4999-00 uera oxoon;
or 5000-00 o 5999-00 uera pacxoon.
ocneymmne rpn nn]pt noxastnamr ]yxnnoantym npnanexocrt cueron.
raxom noxoe ecrt +nemer rnxocrn. Hn]pt moryr oannxrtcx nx anteme
xnaccn]nxannn nnn oecneuenx ononnrento erannsannn. npnmepy, 10 +ro
xnaccn]nxannooe sauene sapnnart, 12 nooxooro anora, 14
pasnnutx nocon, 16 sarpar a nontmene xnann]nxannn. ora xonponxa
nropo uacrn omepa cuera, aunammaxcx c 2, npecrannxmmax paort no
nponeenm xaxoro-nno copanx yupenrene (cesa yuacrnxon) yer osauart nce
onepannn c +rnm cnxsate: 210 sapnnara corpynxon, yuacrnonanmnx n
opransannn copanx, 212 c +rnx ntnnar, 214 noconx n npouee.
ame rouxn spenx, raxo noxo cosaer nosmoxocrt oosauo,
nern]nnnponart coepxane xaxoro cuera nepnoro nopxxa, maxcnmanto
96
ynennunrt npospauocrt oruerocrn, rax xax pacxptnaemax n]opmannx, x npnmepy,
rpeyemax , yer nonyuea n cncreme cnrernuecxoro yuera nourn n nonom
oeme. axo, nce napnart xosxcrnetx onepann enosmoxo npeycmorpert.
o+romy mexyapote craaprt yxranrepcxoro yuera e cnyuao e
npeycmarpnnamr omeoxsarentoro nnaa cueron, a npenaramr rontxo omne
npnnnnt, xoroptmn onxe pyxonocrnonartcx yxranrep. romy xe, raxo noxo x
]opmnponanm cueroro nnaa nneuer nx yuertx paornxon onpeenete
cnoxocrn n sanomnann n nocneymmem axoxenn yxo yuero n]opmannn.
osmoxo, n ycnonnxx ome anromarnsannn xax yueroro, rax n cmeroro nponecca o
yer pannoane.
o amemy menm, x cuery 86 nenecoopaso orxptnart cycuera nroporo n rpertero
nopxxa ncxox ns cnenn]nxn ocymecrnnenx opransanne ocono exrentocrn n
ocoeocre oxymerooopora. pn +rom cycuera ooro yponx npeasauet nx
erannsannn nocrynnnmnx cymm no ncrounxam nocrynnenx, a pyroro yponx - nx
orpaxenx onepann no cnncanm cymm nenenoro ]nacnponanx n coornercrnnn c
ntnonxemtmn nporpammamn n meponpnxrnxmn. ro xacaercx cymm oxoon,
nonyuetx or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, ro n coornercrnnn c ecrnymmnm
saxooarentcrnom on onxt anpannxrtcx a ]nacnponane ycrano
exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann, n, cneonarento, npanomeptm xnnxercx
nx sauncnene raxxe a cuer 86. ax xax npn ocymecrnnenn npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn ncnontsyercx cxema yxranrepcxnx nponoox, npnmexemax n
xommepuecxnx opransannxx, ro anonee npannnttm yer nxnmuene n cocran
oxoon, npeasauetx nx ncnontsonanx n ocono exrentocrn (c orecenem
nx a cuer 86), rontxo cymm nonyueo npntnn. o+romy nx yuera oxoon or
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn eoxonmo raxxe orxptrt coornercrnymmne
cycuera.
)<
coornercrnnn c xnaccn]nxanne oxoon, npnneeo n npetymem naparpa]e
ncceprannn, moxo pexomeonart orxptrne x cuery 86 cneymmnx cycueron:
2.75 necxne nsoct
2.76 crynnrentte nsoct
2.77 oponontte noxeprnonanx
2.78 opate uepes xmnx narornopnrenttx
noxeprnonan
2.79 opate n pesyntrare nponeenx narornopnrenttx
axnn, norepe, npounx meponpnxrn
86.3.3.0r ]nsnuecxnx nnn
2.80 onmte noxeprnonanx or ]nsnuecxnx nnn
2.81 r mpnnuecxnx nnn
86.4. part
86.4.1. o xaxomy rparoarenm
2.82 oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn
2.83 poune oxot
2.84 py nonorepon
2.85 ccnronanx ns mxera
ycuera rpertero nopxxa orxptnamrcx n aom cnyuae x cycueram nroporo
nopxxa n npeasauamrcx nx yrouenx ncrounxon ]nacnponanx orenttx
nporpamm.
pecrna nenenoro asauenx, nonyuete n xauecrne ncrounxon ]nacnponanx
rex nnn ntx meponpnxrn, orpaxamrcx no xpenry cuera 86 "Henenoe
]nacnponane" n xoppecnoennn co cuerom 76 "acuert c pastmn enropamn n
xpenropamn". |19|
.. omxna, cunraer nponemo yuera cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx n
exommepuecxnx opransannxx xnnxercx orpaxene nx nocrynnenx n yxranrepcxom
yuere. |88| a rpaxryer ncrpyxnnm no npnmeenm nnaa
98
cueron raxnm opasom: ncrpyxnnn cxasao, uro nonyuete n xauecrne ncrounxon
]nacnponanx rex nnn ntx meponpnxrn cpecrna nenenoro asauenx orpaxamrcx
no xpenry cuera 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane n xoppecnoennn co cuerom 76
acuert c pastmn enropamn n xpenropamn, ns uero cneyer ntno: yxranrepcxax
nponoxa
eer cuera 76 acuert c pastmn enropamn n xpenropamn
penr cuera 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane
moxer trt cenaa nnmt no ]axry nonyuenx cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx, ro
ecrt e patme, uem nponoxa
eer cuera 51(50,52,.........) acuert cuer (acca, anmrt cuer,...)
penr cuera 76 acuert c pastmn enropamn n xpenropamn.
o, a am nsrnx, +ro npxmo npornnopeunr oconomy npnnnny yxranrepcxoro
yuera npnnnny auncnenx, npenonarammemy yuer oxoon n pacxoon n momer
nx nosnxonenx, esanncnmo or art onnart.
..axaptn, .R. omontcxn, .. axantcxax, ntpaxamr raxym rouxy spenx,
uro yuer nocrynnenx cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx nenecoopaso necrn n
nopxxe, ycraonneom nx xommepuecxnx opransann, ro ecrt no nocrynnenn
ocronepo n]opmannn o rom, uro eoxonmte cpecrna yyr ntenet n nonyuet
opransanne. +rom cnyuae eeryercx cuer 76 "acuert c pastmn enropamn n
xpenropamn" n xpenryercx cuer 86 "Henenoe ]nacnponane". ocne ]axrnuecxoro
nonyuenx eextx cpecrn nnn noro nmymecrna eerymrcx cuera yuera axrnnon n
xpenryercx cuer 76.
t cunraem, uro ]axrt xosxcrneo exrentocrn oenenx orocxrcx x romy
orueromy nepnoy, n xoropom on nmenn mecro, esanncnmo or ]axrnuecxoro npemen
nocrynnenx nnn ntnnart eextx cpecrn, cnxsatx c +rnmn ]axramn (onymene
npemeo onpeeneocrn ]axropon xosxcrneo exrentocrn). omem cnyuae
no +rnm onymenem nonmaercx ncnontsonane meroa auncnenx npn onpeenenn
ntpyuxn or peannsannn npoyxnnn, paor nnn ycnyr n ]naconoro pesyntrara
(npntnn nnn ytrxa) npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn. ecrnymmne oxymert
99
cncremt opmarnnoro perynnponanx yxranrepcxoro yuera n anoroonoxenx e
ncxnmuamr ncnontsonane xacconoro meroa. nx omecrnetx oenen aoe
onymene nmeer cymecrneoe sauene rontxo n cnyuae, ecnn +rn oenenx
ocymecrnnxmr npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt. cnn xe opransannx sanmaercx
rontxo ycrano exrentocrtm, aoe onymene osauaer eoxonmocrt orpaxenx
n yuere opasonanx xpenropcxo nnn enropcxo saonxeocrn esanncnmo or roro,
xora peanto nponcxoxr pacuert.
anpnmep, cuer 86 "Henenoe ]nacnponane" onxe xpenronartcx e n momer
nocrynnenx eextx cpecrn, a n momer nonyuenx exommepuecxo opransanne
coornercrnymmero oxymera, x npnmepy, rparonoro cornamenx nonncaoro oenmn
cropoamn, cnnerentcrnymmero o rom, uro sannanponate pacxot yyr
npo]nacnponat. aax opma oxcxercx rem, uro npannnamn yxranrepcxoro
yuera ycraonnea cxema, n coornercrnnn c xoropo cuer 86 xpenryercx, xax npannno, n
xoppecnoennn co cuerom 76 "acuert c pastmn enropamn n xpenropamn", a e co
cueramn yuera eextx cpecrn nnn ntx axrnnon.
ax noxasano nsyuene npaxrnxn, ontmncrnom omecrnetx oenen
ncnontsyercx xaccont)) mero yuera nocrynnnmnx cpecrn, +ro oycnonneo, npexe
ncero, ocoeocrxmn poccncxo ecrnnrentocrn. tnaer, npoxonr e on ro c
momera nonncanx oronopa o momera nocrynnenx nenentx cpecrn. ax xe,
xeprnonarenxmn npnxra npaxrnxa saxnmuenx oronopon nenenoro ]nacnponanx n
nocrpao nanmre, uro nneuer sa coo nosnxonene pasnn. oxnnxercx
ononnrentax cnoxocrt n neenn yxranrepcxoro yuera n ]opmnponann
oruerocrn, nnmc, nepoxra cnryannx, nosnxonenx oexra anoroonoxenx
anorom a npntnt, uro, npn orcyrcrnnn ononnrenttx ncrounxon
]nacnponanx, moxer n xoeuom nrore ntnnrtcx n eynnary anoron n nocneymmee
auncnene nen.
pyro cropot, yuer nocrynnenx nenentx cpecrn no mepe onnart a npaxrnxe
npnnonr x enosmoxocrn orpaxenx n yxranrepcxom yuere
100
onepann no ncnontsonanm cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx n rex cnyuaxx, xora
momer enocpecrneoro nx nonyuenx omecrnetm oenenem a pacuert
cuer (nno n xaccy, nno a nanmrt cuer n r.n.) saunrento orcraer no npemen or
oxnaemo, ro ecrt sa]nxcnponaoro oronopeocrtm mexy ]nacnpymme
cropoo n cropoo-nonyuarenem +rnx cpecrn, art. et, n coornercrnne c
ncrpyxnne, ncnontsonane nenenoro ]nacnponanx onxo trt orpaxeo no
eery cuera 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane n xoppecnoennn c xpenrom cueron: 20
conoe nponsnocrno, 26 mexosxcrnete pacxot n r.n. (n sanncnmocrn or
xapaxrepa ncnontsonanx). o+romy n cnryannn ecnoenpemeoro nocrynnenx cpecrn
nenenoro ]nacnponanx orpaxene nx ncnontsonanx n yxranrepcxom yuere npnneer
n nrore x orpnnarentomy canto a cuere 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane, uro tno t
ncxnmueo n cnyuae yuera ncrounxon nenenoro ]nacnponanx e no ]axry onnart, a
no ]axry auncnenx. 3ro anromarnuecxn nponsoer no npnune orcyrcrnnx
xpenronoro oopora a cuere 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane, orpaxammero annune
ncrounxa nx nocneymmero ncnontsonanx cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx.
oxnnxercx nonpoct no cnocoy orpaxenx n yxranrepcxom anace, nooo
cnryannn. a n n oruere o nenenom ncnontsonann noxnnxercx orpnnarentt nror.
pesyntrare moxer nosnxyrt noxoe npecrannene o peanto cnryannn:
ncrounxa nenenoro ]nacnponanx er, a ero ncnontsonane ocymecrnnxercx. a
camom ene, ncrounx xoeuo xe ecrt, sanastnaer nnmt ]axr onnart.
oot cnyua nosnx n nxeropocxom pernoantom orenenn, omecrneo
narornopnrento opransannn pynna cnootx nme. (m. npnn. 3, crp. 180-182)
aomy oenenm mt t pexomeonann npn nosnxonenn nooo
cnryannn orpaxart nosnxmn eeront oopor e n crpoxe 240 enropcxax
saonxeocrt, nnarexn no xoropo oxnamrcx n reuene 12 mecxnen nocne
101
oruero art, a n crpoxe 270 poune ooporte axrnnt n, nce xe, yunrtnart
nenente cpecrna no mepe nonncanx oronopon noxeprnonanx.
accmorpnm ocoeocrn nocrynnenx nenentx oxoon oenenx, nx +roro
cneyer cncremarnsnponart ncrounxn pecypcon, npecrannn nx nepeuet n ran. 6.
annna 6
crounxn pecypcon omecrneoro oenenx
ecypc opma nocrynnenx
nacont
(eext)
- epeuncnene eer a cuer narononyuarenx n nne
pasonoro
narornopnrentoro nsoca;
- erynxpte eexte nepeuncnenx exemecxute,
exexnaprantte n r. .);
- soct n nne exemecxutx oruncnen co cuera n axe;
- op eextx cpecrn cpen corpynxon oenenx;
- trort n cxnxn a ronapt n ycnyrn nx opransannn-
narononyuarenx;
- xnmuene n ney ronapa onn a narornopnrentte
nenn;
arepnanto-
rexnuecxn
(nemt)
- epeaua (n rom uncne cnncaoro) nmymecrna:
meent, rpacnopr,
oprrexnxa n np.;
- epeaua npoyxron nnranx, ronapon, pacxotx
marepnanon;
- peocrannene nomemen;
- pransannx copa neme cpen corpynxon
enoneuecxn - nnara rpya npnnneuetx n narornopnrentym
opransannm paornxon;
- tnonene paor cnnamn paornxon opransannn-
narornopnrenx (pemor
nmnonnuecxn
- nctma noepxxn, pexomearentte, raparnte
nnctma n npoune
]opmt xoaracrn;
- mecrneax (nynnuax) noepxxa, nponnxene; n
rennexryantt
- ocyntrannoax npo]eccnoantax
noepxxa (mpnnuecxax,
yxranrepcxax, opransannoax n np.)
- aspaorxa pexnamtx xamnan;
- ]opmannoax noepxxa n np.
ocne raxo rpynnnponxn, npnneeo nx arnxocrn, nepeem x ntpaorxe
pexomeann no yuery xaxoro nna oxoa.
rax, unecxne nsoct. necxne nsoct, nopxox perynxptx nocrynnen or
yupenrene (uneon, yuacrnxon) onpeenxercx yupenrenttmn oxymeramn
omecrneoro oenenx. ycrane sapaee onxt trt oronopet cymmt
eextx nocrynnen, nx pasmept n ]opmt. necxne nsoct moryr trt
enonpemetmn (npn ncrynnenn n opransannm) n
102
nocroxtmn (perynxptmn): roontmn, mecxutmn, xnapranttmn, n r.. t
pexomeym n auane roa a copann ntcmero opraa ynpannenx
oenenx nporoxonom yrnepnrt xareropnn n pasmept unecxnx nsocon.
cnn orenttm xareropnxm nme npeocrannxercx cxnxa x cymme nsoca,
cneyer n rom xe nporoxone oronopnrt pasmept cxnox n xareropnn rpaxa, x
npnmepy, ern, nnannt, necnoept, r.. cx +ra n]opmannx moxer
orpaxartcx n raxom oxymere xax onoxene o unecrne n
oenenn.
a cymmy nocrynnnmnx unecxnx nsocon cornaco nonoxenm o unecrne
sanonxercx npnxot xaccont opep, n yxranrepcxax onepannx orpaxaercx n
xaccono xnre.
ora, a npaxrnxe, uame ncero cnoprnnte oenenx, raxnm opasom, moryr
cxptnart cnom xommepuecxym exrentocrt.
anpnmep, n rpeaxepom sane omecrneoro oenenx epyrcx exemecxuo
unecxne nsoct. aax ]opma nocrynnenx nenentx oxoon o]opmnea esaxoo,
r.x. no cyrn, nmeer mecro oxasane ycnyr. cnn camo opransannoo-npanono ]opmo
oenenx npeycmorpe cop unecxnx nsocon, orxas or aoro nna oxoa, e
cneyer orpasnrt n nporoxone copanx c yxasanem npnunt orxasa.
ax n unecxne, ncrynnrentte nsoct, n ornnune or nsocon yupenrene at
nn oxoon moxer nocrynart n exommepuecxym opransannm n reuene ncero cpoxa ee
]yxnnonponanx. ouoe nnanponane +roro nna oxoon ononto
sarpynrento. axo npn onpeeneo nocraonxe aannrnuecxo paort a
oconann atx o xonnuecrne ontx uneon n npetymne rot moxo cenart
ocrarouo yonnernopnrentt nporos. asmep ncrynnrenttx nsocon, eoxonmo
oronopnrt n nporoxone copanx ntcmero opraa ynpannenx opransanne.
a cymmy nocrynnnmnx ncrynnrenttx nsocon cornaco nonoxenm o unecrne
sanonxercx npnxot xaccont opep, n yxranrepcxax onepannx orpaxaercx n
xaccono xnre.
103
oxeprnonane, npnsaercx raxontmn n coornercrnnn c paxacxnm oexcom
occncxo eepannn (anee - ) - nn.1 n. 2 cr. 251 .
coornercrnnn co cr. 582 noxeprnonanem npnsaercx apene nemn nnn
npana n omenonestx nenxx. oxeprnonanx moryr enartcx rpaxaam, neuetm,
nocnnrarenttm yupexenxm, yupexenxm connanto samnrt n pyrnm
aanornutm yupexenxm, narornopnrenttm, ayutm n yuetm yupexenxm,
]oam, mysexm n pyrnm yupexenxm xyntrypt, omecrnetm n pennrnostm
opransannxm, a raxxe rocyapcrny n pyrnm cyexram rpaxacxoro npana, yxasatm
n crarte 124 paxacxoro xoexca.
coornercrnnn c anorontm oexcom x nenentm nocrynnenxm a coepxane
exommepuecxnx opransann orocxrcx:
noxeprnonanx,
nmymecrno, nepexoxmee exommepuecxnm opransannxm no sanemanm n nopxxe
acneonanx;
cymmt ]nacnponanx ns ]eepantoro mxera, mxeron cyexron
occncxo eepannn, mecrtx mxeron, mxeron rocyapcrnetx
nemxertx ]oon, ntenxemte a ocymecrnnene ycrano exrentocrn
exommepuecxnx opransann;
cpecrna, nonyuete n pamxax narornopnrento exrentocrn; ncnontsonate
no nenenomy asauenm nocrynnenx or cocrnenxon cosatm nmn
yupexenxm;
cpecrna, nocrynnnmne npo]comstm opransannxm n coornercrnnn c
xonnexrnntmn oronopamn (cornamenxmn) a nponeene npo]comstmn
opransannxmn connanto-xyntryptx n pyrnx meponpnxrn, npeycmorpetx
nx ycrano exrentocrtm.|5| 5
ect xe cronr ormernrt, uro cymecrnymr ornnunx mexy noxrnem
noxeprnonane n cnocopcrno. coornercrnnn co cr. 3 eepantoro saxoa
pexname N38-3 or 13.03.06r. cnocopom npnsaercx nnno, npeocrannnmee cpecrna
nno oecneunnmee npeocrannene cpecrn nx
104
opransannn n (nnn) nponeenx cnoprnnoro, xyntryporo nnn nmoro noro
meponpnxrnx, cosanx n (nnn) rpacnxnnn rene- nnn panonepeaun nno cosanx n
(nnn) ncnontsonanx noro pesyntrara rnopuecxo exrentocrn. cnocopcxax
pexnama - pexnama, pacnpocrpaxemax a ycnonnn oxsarentoro ynomnanx n e o
onpeeneom nnne xax o cnocope. o ncrynnenx n cnny N38, cnocopcrno
onpeenxnoct cr. 19 eepantoro saxoa pexname or 18 nmnx 1995r. N 108-, n
xoropom oo onpeenxnoct, xax uacrt cnyua pexnamo exrentocrn n
npenonaranoct, uro cnocnpyemoe nnno oxastnaer cnocopy ycnyrn pexnamoro
xapaxrepa, ro ecrt cnocop npeocrannxer cnon cpecrna a ycnonnxx oxasanx raxnx
ycnyr. axnm opasom, moxo cenart ntno o rom, uro orte "cnocopom" moxer
ntcrynart ]nsnuecxoe nnn mpnnuecxoe nnno, a e nponsnonmax npoyxnnx.
pn +rom narornopnrentax exrentocrt e cnxsaa anpxmym c pexnamo
exrentocrtm, ns uero n ntrexamr pasnnunx mexy oronopom noxeprnonanx n
cnocopcrna, xoropte npnneet n rannne cpanenx +rnx nyx nnon oronopon. (m.
npnn. 4, crp.183-184). t npenaraem nenente oxot, nosnxammne n pesyntrare
npnnneuenx cnocopcxnx cpecrn, yunrtnart a cycuere rpertero nopxxa x
npenaraemomy amn cuery 86.5 oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn,
nocxontxy cnocopcxn nxna npnsaercx nnaro sa pexnamy, a cnocop n
cnocnpyemt - coornercrneo pexnamoarenem n pexnamopacnpocrpanrenem, r.e.
nnnom oxastnammem ycnyrn no pasmemenm pexnamt.
oponontte noxeprnonanx moxo npnnnexart pasnnutmn cnocoamn:
uepes xmnx narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan;
conpart npn nponeenn nponeenx narornopnrenttx axnn, norepe, npounx
meponpnxrn;
nonyuart or ]nsnuecxnx nnn, npnuem nosmoxt aonmte
noxeprnonanx or ]nsnuecxnx nnn;
nonyuart or mpnnuecxnx nnn n r..
105
anepoe, camtm pennm n pacnpocrpaetm ncrpymerom copa noxeprnonan
xnnxercx xmnx nx uacrtx noxeprnonan.
coeocrt xaccontx onepann n omecrnetx oenenxx saxnmuaercx n rom,
uro omecrnete oenenx e onxt npnmexrt xorponto-xacconte mamnt
() nx npnema eextx cpecrn or ]nsnuecxnx nnn n xauecrne noxeprnonan,
ncrynnrenttx n unecxnx nsocon. 3ro ntrexaer ns crartn 1 axoa "
npnmeenn xorponto-xaccontx mamn npn ocymecrnnenn eextx pacueron c
acenenem" n npnmeenn xorponto-xaccono rexnxn npn ocymecrnnenn
annutx eextx pacueron n (nnn) pacueron c ncnontsonanem nnarextx xapr:
"rartx 1. eexte pacuert c acenenem npn ocymecrnnenn roprontx
onepann nnn oxasann ycnyr a reppnropnn occncxo eepannn nponsnoxrcx
ncemn... opransannxmn... c oxsarenttm npnmeenem xorponto-xaccontx mamn.
pnem narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan e orocnrcx x roprontm onepannxm n
x onepannxm no oxasanm ycnyr, no+romy xacconte annapart npn npneme
noxeprnonan, ncrynnrenttx n unecxnx nsocon e npnmexmrcx".
neyer ormernrt, uro npn neenn omecrnetm oenenem xommepuecxo
exrentocrn no peannsannn sa nnary ronapon, paor, ycnyr, npnmeene
oxsarento, axe ecnn ropronax onepannx nnn onepannx no oxasanm ycnyr ocnr
ennut xapaxrep. rot nsexart mrpa]tx caxnn, n +rom cnyuae moxo
nopexomeonart canart annute etrn, nonyuete or ]nsnuecxoro nnna, n
yupexene eperarentoro axa or nmen +roro ]nsnuecxoro nnna.
copnxe marepnanon n oxymeron n noepxxy narornopnrentocrn ntcxasaa
raxax rouxa spenx, uro npn npneme uacrtx noxeprnonan nx omecrnetx
oenen uepes xmnxn apymaercx opxox neenx xaccontx onepann n ,
yrnepxet pemenem onera npexropon H 22 cerxpx 1993 r. N 40.|128, c.27|
ornaco n. 1% asnaoro opxxa npnem annutx eer xaccamn opransann
nponsnonrcx no npnxotm xaccontm
106
opepam, nonncatm rnantm yxranrepom nnn nnnom a +ro ynonomouetm
nnctmetm pacnopxxenem pyxononrenx oenenx. npneme eer nnnam,
canmnm +rn etrn, ntaercx xnnrannx x npnxoomy xacconomy opepy sa
nonncxmn rnanoro yxranrepa nnn nnna, a +ro ynonomoueoro, n xaccnpa,
sanepeax neuartm (mramnom) xaccnpa nnn orrncxom xacconoro annapara.
onnexrnn anropon onepnpyer rem, uro otuo nponcxonr cop eextx cpecrn c
nomomtm oneuaraoro xmnxa, xoropt ycraannnnaercx n omecrneom mecre. ora
nmn xnayr etrn n xmnx, xnnrannn x npnxoomy xacconomy opepy nm nxro e
ntaer n camn opepa nxro e o]opmnxer (+ro cenart enosmoxo npn ncnontsonann
aoro cnocoa copa eer). pesyntrare apymaercx n. 13 yxasaoro opxxa, n,
cneonarento, omecrneomy oenenm rposnr amnncrparnnax
ornercrneocrt.
t cunraem, uro, onxtm opasom o]opmnn ycraonxy xmnxa, onpeennn nopxox
ero ncxptrnx n onpnxoonanx eextx cpecrn, moxo nsexart ornercrneocrn sa
aoe apymene, camo nosnxonene xoroporo noponno econepmecrno
saxooarentcrna, a e amepete ecrnnx omecrneoro oenenx.
onoxenem, nno pyrnm pacnopxnrenttm oxymerom oenenx
yrnepxaercx ycraonxa xmnxa no onpeeneomy apecy, uro moxer trt raxxe
nornepxeo oronopom a apey nnoman nomemenx no ycraonxy xmnxa nx
narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan (m. npnn. 5, crp. 185-186) rom xe nonoxenn
ycraannnnaercx nopxox ncxptrnx xmnxa, cocran xomnccnn, ynonomoueo
nponsnonrt ncxptrne, nopxox onpnxoonanx cpecrn n xaccy oenenx.
anee nnctmeo n]opmnpyercx ax n anoronte oprat o annune xmnxa n mecre
ero pacnonoxenx. ax moxer cornacnrtcx, orxasart, nnn cornacnrtcx c oronopxo.
ronopxa moxer nmert cneymmym ]opmy: cxptrne nponsnonrtcx on pas
(xaxoro 10 uncna) n mecxn n npncyrcrnnn npecrannrenx axa.
107
acarento o]opmnenx noxeprnonanx, cronr samernrt, uro rnnontx ]opm nx
o]opmnenx atx onepann saxooarentcrnom e npeycmorpeo.
mecrneoe oenene moxer npnmexrt cneymmne ]opmt nx o]opmnenx
atx cnenn]nuecxnx onepann:
xr npnema noxeprnonan or xoxperoro ]nsnuecxoro nnna.
xr npnema noxeprnonan or aonmoro ]nsnuecxoro nnna (m. npnn. 7, crp.
188).
xr npnema noxeprnonan c ncnontsonanem xmnxa noxeprnonan (m. npnn. 6,
crp. 187).
opma axra npnema noxeprnonan or xoxperoro ]nsnuecxoro nnna ornnuaercx or
]opmt axra npnema noxeprnonan or aonmoro ]nsnuecxoro nnna nnmt rem, uro n
e ononnrento yxastnamrcx ]amnnnx, nmx, oruecrno ]nsnuecxoro nnna, ero apec
n, npn nosmoxocrn, nacnoprte ate.
nnreparyptx n saxooarenttx ncrounxax opasnt nootx oxymeron
npaxrnuecxn e paccmarpnnannct, n nyumem cnyuae, mt ncrpeuann yxasanx a
eoxonmocrt oxymerantoro o]opmnenx nootx nocrynnen axramn.
penpnnmannct nontrxn paspaorart ntmenepeuncnete ]opmt mpncramn
occncxoro npecrannrentcrna ]oa "Carities i onation" .. ypneno n ..
pocnmono.
rpyxrypy atx oxymeron mt pexomeyem ononnrt raxnm
pexnnsnrom, xax: ocrynnene n xaccy orpaxeo npnxotm opepom N
or 200r. nant yxranrep/pacmn]ponxa
nonncn/ n npnxo no xoam nenentx oxoon, xo npenonaraemoro nenenoro pacxoa
no cmere, p..
cnn tn saxnmue oronop a apey nnoman nomemenx no ycraonxy xmnxa
nx narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan, n rexcr axra oannrt crpouxy:
acroxmn axr cocranne n nonnca n coornercrnnn c oronopom N
or 200 r..
108
a cymmy nocrynnnmero noxeprnonanx cornaco axry sanonxercx npnxot
xaccont opep, n yxranrepcxax onepannx orpaxaercx n xaccono xnre.
onmoe noxeprnonane moxer nocrynnrt n enocpecrneo n xaccy
oenenx; n +rom cnyuae n npnxoom xacconom opepe enaercx sannct aonmoe
noxeprnonane, n nacnoprte ate xeprnonarenx e yxastnamrcx. annct
yxranrepcxo onepannn no nocrynnenm aonmoro noxeprnonanx raxxe orpaxaercx
n xaccono xnre.
oxeprnonane moxer nocrynnrt n e aonmo. +rom cnyuae sanonxercx oronop
noxeprnonanx (m. npnn. 8, crp. 189-190), c ]nsnuecxnmn nnnamn nosmoxo
o]opmnenx rontxo saxnnenx o noxeprnonann, axr npnema noxeprnonan or
xoxperoro ]nsnuecxoro nnna n n xacce oenenx o]opmnxercx npnxot
xaccont opep c yxasanem xeprnonarenx. a oconann +rnx oxymeron
enaercx nponoxa n orpaxaercx nocrynnene eer n xaccono xnre. ect xe cronr
ormernrt, uro xeprnonarent - ]nsnuecxoe nnno, moxer nonyunrt ntrory n nne
ocnooxenx or anora a oxot c ]nsnuecxnx nnn rex cpecrn, xoropte nepeat a
narornopnrentym exrentocrt.
rocnrento ont, o yxe xopomo cex sapexomeonanmn ncrpymer copa
cpecrn - nepeuncnenx eer no axoncxnm xnnrannxm. nantm eyocrnom +roro
cnocoa xnnxercx orocnrentax cnoxocrt ecrnn norennantoro oopa nx
conepmenx noxeprnonanx. et axe urot nepeuncnnrt pynt eoxonmo nonyunrt
xnnrannm, sanonnrt ee, nosmoxo, axe ntcroxrt ouepet, n, n xone xonon,
nepeuncnnrt noxeprnonane. pn +rom nosmoxt omnxn n sanonenn rpa]t
asauene nnarexa corpynxamn axa (n pastx ropoax tnn cnyuan nepeuncnenx
onnart xommyanttx ycnyr) n/nnn cxrne c cymmt nepeuncnxemoro noxeprnonanx
nponeron sa axoncxoe ocnyxnnane.
sexart uacrn sarpyen nosmoxo camnm, orneuaran naxn xnnrann c
sapaee sanonetmn nonxmn. nm ns nnoepon anaxnnanx ycnemtx
109
oromen c axoncxnmn crpyxrypamn cran reenpeace-occnx. xe n 1996 roy
epax occnn nonncan cornamene o ecnponerom ocnyxnnann opononttx
noxeprnonan rpaxa n reenpeace, nonoxnn auano moronerero pasnnrnx +roro
ncrpymera.
eoxonmo oparnrt nnmane a npannntocrt o]opmnenx nnarextx
oxymeron npn nocrynnenn nenentx cpecrn. 3ro xacaercx xax rouocrn
]opmynnponox, rax n camnx oromen, nosnxammnx n xoe ncnonenx cornamen o
nenenom ]nacnponann n noxeprnonanxx. eoxonmo yunrtnart nonoxenx
o mnmtx n npnrnoptx cenxax.
rmernm, uro n omecrnetx opransannxx xonoccantym naxocrt npnoperaer
rouocrt ]opmynnponox npn o]opmnenn pacuero-nnarextx oxymeron.
mnxn, conepmete npn o]opmnenn oxymeron, moryr npnnecrn x camtm
erarnntm nocnecrnnxm.
cnn nnarentmnx yxasan n rexcre nnarexoro nopyuenx asauene nnarexa
nnara sa yuacrne n cemnape, ro exrentocrt omecrneoro oenenx pncxyer
trt oxnneo xommepuecxo, ecnn xe anncart Heneno nsoc a opransannm
paort cemnapa, ro +roro e nocneyer.
pn nonyuenn noxeprnonan n pyrnx nenentx nsocon n onycrnmt
cneymmne ]opmynnponxn:
neneno narornopnrentt nsoc a nporpammy (...);
ncrynnrentt nsoc;
unecxn nsoc n r. .
cnyuae ecnn noxeprnonane nocrynaer a cuer oenenx n axe, oconanem
nx sannce n xypane xosxcrnetx onepann yyr cnyxnrt re xe oxymert, uro n
npn npnxrnn noxeprnonanx n xaccy oenenx, ncxnmuax npnxot xaccont
opep. ameo xoropomy, cnyxar axoncxne xnnrannn, nnarexte nopyuenx rpertnx
nnn n ntnncxa axa.
oporxo paccmorpnm raxo nn oxoa, xax cpecrna copate n pesyntrare
nponeenx narornopnrenttx axnn, norepe, npounx meponpnxrn.
R
asonte axnnn npxmoro copa noxeprnonan ocrarouo uacro cnxsat c xmnxamn
nx noxeprnonan. ecxoeuom moxecrne napnaron axnn moxo ntennrt xax
mnnmym re, xoropte anpannet a enocpecrnet, npxmo cop eer n re,
xoropte onaamr orcpouetm +]]exrom nocrynnenx cpecrn.
pn nepnom rnne naxo yuecrt, uro e xaxax rema, r.e. nponema, nx pemenx
xoropo eoxonmo copart onpeeneym cymmy eer sect n ceuac, noxonr npn
ncnontsonann aoro ncrpymera. anonee peantte copt moxo oxnart, ecnn
nponema xacaercx rpynn, oosauo e cnocotx nomout camnm cee. pnuem +ro
npannno pacnpocrpaxercx e rontxo a nme, o n a xnnort n pacrnrentt mnp.
neymmn nonpoc - nponepxa pncxonaocrn n onpanaocrn axnnn. acxontxo
oa ]nacono ntroa, cxontxo rpeyercx pecypcon n cxontxo yer nonyueo c oo
cropot, n acxontxo nponepea esonacocrt yuacrnxon n ncex nonneuetx n axnnm
nnn c pyro cropot.
anpnmep, yxe ocrarouo pacnpocrpaetm crano mene o enenecoopasocrn
nponeenx narornopnrenttx xonepron c rouxn spenx copa cpecrn, rax xax a
nororonxy n opransannm cotrnx exommepuecxo opransanne, xax npannno,
pacxoyercx ropaso ontme pecypcon, uem npnnnexaercx. aro npn cnennanto
nororonxe, xax cnnerentcrnyer ontr ranpononx, moxo nonyuart saunrentte
cymmt a narornopnrenttx oeax c xonepro nporpammo. nx npxmtx axnn
xapaxreptmn xnnxmrcx enocpecrnet xoraxr c neneno aynropne, ee
nonneuene n pemene nponemt. ax exeroax nxeropocxax axnnx acconnannn
nyxene ent nnerox, npoxoxmax n camtx maccontx rouxax ropoa, nosnonxer
cenart ee yuacrnxamn ecxontxo rtcxu ropoxa, xoropte nonyuamr nncronxn c
n]opmanne o nponeme ryepxynesa n ropoe, nosmoxocrt ryr xe noxeprnonart
etrn n nonyunrt eontmo cynenp (axnexy) n sax naroapocrn. pyro
axnnn, anpanneax a cop eer nx crponrentcrna naycon nx nnannon
xonxcounxon, opransaropt opamannct x nonrenxm
111
c npnstnom noepxart nnaentnen camtx rnxoxotx rpacnoprtx cpecrn,
nonnexax, raxnm opasom, nenenym rpynny n ecrnnx no copy uacrtx noxeprnonan.
pnmepom axnnn nroporo rnna, xora etrn e nocrynamr n opransannm cpasy,
moxo asnart nmo ayxnno npoexron, npenoxen n r.. oot ontr ecrt n
pacoape, re n 2000 roy npomen opym exommepuecxnx opransann crt nex,
no nanmnpe n no mornx pyrnx ropoax, re connantte npoexrt npecrannxnnct n
pamxax pmapox connanttx npoexron n ycnyr, oonx cnyuaxx roronnncx naxer
npenoxen, ntcrannxemt a cnennanto opransonaom cotrnn nx ntopa n
noepxxn norennanttmn cnocopamn.
conanem nx npnxrnx atx oxoon x yuery yyr xnnxrtcx onoxenx o
nponeenn atx meponpnxrn.
onopx o noxeprnonanxx, cronr orento cxasart o raxo ero ]opme, xax
noxeprnonane nmymecrnom.
pn paore catm nnom noxeprnonanx nosnxaer cneymmax nponema yuera.
eno n rom, uro ]naconoe saxooarentcrno ouet econepmeo n omecrnete
oenenx, ocoeo narornopnrentte, oxsat xaxt nonyuet ap, xoropt
cena e etramn, a n arypanto ]opme, onenrt no ptoutm neam. oxo
nonpoonart onenrt nonyueoe n ap nmymecrno npn nomomn xomnccnooro
marasna n nonyunrt or nx cnpanxy nnn nocnontsonartcx ycnyramn +xcnepra, nnn
nocnart sanpoc n oprat crarncrnxn.
anncn yxranrepcxoro yuera ao onepannn noxeprnonanx nponsnoxrcx a
oconann oronopa apenx (noxeprnonanx), axra npnemxn-nepeaun ocontx
cpecrn, emarepnanttx axrnnon, axnate, cnpanxn ns xomnccnooro marasna,
o]nnnantoro ornera opraon crarncrnxn nnn saxnmuenx onemnxa.
oro nonpocon ntstnann nsnoxete n npetyme peaxnnn 6/01 ycnonnx
npnxrnx axrnnon n xauecrne ocontx cpecrn y exommepuecxnx opransann. cnxsn
c rem, uro nsnneuene npntnn e xnnxercx ocono
112
nentm exrentocrn omecrneoro oenenx, ate oenenx npn npnxrnn x
yxranrepcxomy yuery ocontx cpecrn, ncnontsyemtx enocpecrneo nx
ocrnxenx nene nx cosanx, cranxnnannct c enosmoxocrtm conmenx xpnrepnx
r n. 4 6/01, xoropt npeycmarpnnaer cnocoocrt oexra npnocnrt
oenenm +xoomnuecxne ntrot (oxo) n yymem. peaxnnn or 2005r. n. 4
6/01 onone xpnrepnxmn npnsanx oexron ocontx cpecrn nx exommepuecxnx
opransann. exommepuecxax opransannx npnnmaer oexr x yxranrepcxomy yuery n
xauecrne ocontx cpecrn, ecnn o npeasaue nx ncnontsonanx n exrentocrn,
anpanneo a ocrnxene nene cosanx aoro omecrneoro oenenx (n
rom uncne n npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, ocymecrnnxemo n coornercrnnn c
saxooarentcrnom occncxo eepannn), nx ynpanneuecxnx yx omecrneoro
oenenx, a raxxe, ecnn ntnonxmrcx ycnonnx, ycraonnete n n.n. n n n. 4
6/01 |26|.
pnxrte nsmeenx sarpoynn n nonpoct amoprnsannn ocontx cpecrn. o
oexram ocontx cpecrn exommepuecxnx opransann amoprnsannx e auncnxercx.
ono peaxnne n. 17 6/01 npeycmorpeo, uro no nm a saanaconom cuere
nponsnonrcx oomene n]opmannn o cymmax nsoca, auncnxemoro nnetm
cnocoom. pn +rom nopxox auncnenx amoprnsannn nnetm cnocoom onpeene n
n. 19 6/01. nnxene cymm nsoca no yxasatm oexram yunrtnaercx a
orentom saanaconom cuere 010 |19, 26|.
onyuete n xauecrne narornopnrentoro noxeprnonanx oconte cpecrna
entsx ncnontsonart nx nsnneuenx npntnn. ocrarouo nrepeco c rouxn spenx
oxasarentcrn ncnontsonane +roro nmymecrna n npenpnnmarentcxnx nenxx.
acro nosnxaer nonpoc, moxer nn omecrneoe oenene, e ocymecrnnxmmee
npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt, peannsonart nepeate emy n xauecrne
noxeprnonanx ronapt n o]opmnrt nocne npoaxn nocrynnene eer xax
noxeprnonane? pnxrt noxeprnonane n ]opme nmymecrna
113
omecrneoe oenene moxer, moxer axe ero peannsonart, o rontxo ecnn
narornopnrent (ror, xro apnr +ro nmymecrno) paspemaer ero npoaxy.
]opmnene raxoro noxeprnonanx ocymecrnnxercx c nomomtm oronopa
narornopnrentoro noxeprnonanx, n xoropom npxmo yxastnaercx, uro noxeprnonaoe
nmymecrno narononyuarent nmeer npano peannsonart n nonyuete cpecrna
anpannrt a narornopnrentte nenn.
anee, peannsyx noapeoe nmymecrno, omecrneoe oenene rem camtm
yer ocymecrnnxrt npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt. anpannrt ntpyuete or
raxo peannsannn etrn a narornopnrentte nenn moxo yer rontxo nocne ynnart
eoxonmtx anoron. auncnnrt ntpyuxy xax narornopnrentoe noxeprnonane n
raxo cnryannn enosmoxo.
neonarento, amoro nenecoopasee narornopnrenxm camocroxrento
peannsonart nmymecrno n nepeuncnnrt omecrneomy oenenm ntpyuete
eexte cpecrna.
epeem x paccmorpenm cneymmero nna nocrynnen a yxt omecrnetx
opransann - rpart.
nanmnp aep, o rparernx cunraer onm ns camtx necomtx n
nonynxptx ncrpymeron npnnneuenx pecypcon xnnxercx anncane saxnxn a rpar.
anonee omee onpeenene rpara, xoropoe moxo ncrpernrt n nnreparype
cneymmee:
par - cpecrna, esnosmeso nepeanaemte apnrenem (]oom, xopnopanne,
npannrentcrnetm yupexenem nnn uacrtm nnnom) omecrneomy oenenm
nnn uacromy nnny nx ntnonenx xoxpero paort. ornnune or sama cpecrna,
nonyuete no rpary e yxo nosnpamart.
o cnoemy coepxanm rpar xnnxercx pasonnocrtm noxeprnonanx,
npeycmorpeoro paxacxnm oexcom (cr. 582).
orocnr rpart x cpecrnam nenenoro ]nacnponanx - nn. 14 n. 1 cr.
251.
114
coornercrnnn c m. 14 n. 1 cr. 251 rparamn npnsamrcx eexte cpecrna
nnn noe nmymecrno n cnyuae, ecnn nx nepeaua (nonyuene) yonnernopxer
cneymmnm ycnonnxm;
rpart npeocrannxmrcx a esnosmeso n esnosnparo oconax ]nsnuecxnmn
nnnamn, exommepuecxnmn opransannxmn, n rom uncne nocrpatmn n
mexyapotmn opransannxmn n oenenxmn no nepeum raxnx
opransann, yrnepxaemomy pannrentcrnom occncxo eepannn;
rpart npeocrannxmrcx a ocymecrnnene xoxpertx nporpamm n onacrn
opasonanx, ncxyccrna, xyntrypt, oxpat oxpyxamme cpet, a raxxe a
nponeene xoxpertx ayutx nccneonan;
rpart npeocrannxmrcx a ycnonnxx, onpeenxemtx rparoarenem, c
oxsarenttm npeocrannenem rparoarenm oruera o nenenom ncnontsonann
rpara.
axnm opasom, saxooarentoe onpeenene noxrnx rpar saunrento yxe,
uem-ro, uro otuo omecrnete oenenx n rparoammne ]ot nonmamr no
cnonom rpar. anpnmep, ncxox ns aoro saxooarenem onpeenenx, rparom e
cunramrcx esnosmeso nepeate rparoammnm ]oom omecrneomy
oenenm eexte cpecrna nx peannsannn npoexra no esnosmesomy
npeocrannenm manonmymnm ecnnartx mpnnuecxnx nnn ncnxonornuecxnx
xocyntrann, peannsannx npoexron n onacrn connanto samnrt n macca pyrnx.
pome +roro, nocrpaax nnn mexyapoax opransannx, ntammax rpart, onxa
trt nxnmuea n cnennantt nepeuet, yrnepxaemt pannrentcrnom occncxo
eepannn |42|.
nx nonyuenx rpara ]apasep onxe nporn cnoxym nponeypy
npeocrannenx saxnxn a nonyuenx rpara, n nrore xoropo moxer oxasartcx noea n
xoxypce, xoropt opransonan oop, n nonyuene cpecrn.
115
momera nonyuenx rpar, xax n nmoe pyroe noxeprnonane, xnnxercx
cocrneocrtm rparononyuarenx. pransannx, nonyunnmax rpar, oxsaa
ncnontsonart ero no nenenomy asauenm n npecrannrt oruer o nenenom
ncnontsonann rparoarenm.
nxaxne pyrne oxsaocrn e moryr trt nosnoxet a rparononyuarenx,
anpnmep: e crannrt a anac nmymecrno, npnopereoe no rpary, nosnparnrt
nmymecrno, npnopereoe n xoe ncnontsonanx rpara, no rpeonanm rparoarenx,
coomart no ncex nynnxannxx, xacammnxcx nporpammt, ]nacnpyemo no rpary,
cneenx o rparoarene, nepeanart esnosmeso rparoarenm n]opmannm,
cosaym n xoe paort no rpary, n xnnxmmymcx nrennexryanto cocrneocrtm,
e onycxart samet cnennanncron (n rom uncne pyxononrene npoexra), paorammnx
no rpary, npeocrannrt nonnnxn nepnnutx oxymeron.
tmecxasaoe cneyer ns n.1 cr.572 , re cxasao, uro "npn annunn
ncrpeuo nepeaun nemn nnn npana nno ncrpeuoro oxsarentcrna" raxo oronop e
npnsaercx apenem.
coxanenm, morne rparoarenn nocnpnnmamr oronop o rpare e xax oronop
o noxeprnonann, a xax oronop a oxasane ycnyr, re cropot xnnxmrcx
coornercrneo saxasunxom n ncnonnrenem, a nocnen sa nnary oxsyercx ntnonnrt
onpeeneym paory (oxasart ycnyry).
tnonene exoroptx esaxotx rpeonan rparoarene moxer npnnecrn x
erarnntm nocnecrnnxm. ax, anpnmep, enocraonxa a anac nmymecrna,
npnopereoro a cpecrna rpara, moxer npnnecrn x sanxenm anoroonaraemo
ast no anory a nmymecrno. xsaocrt coomart n o opransannn-
rparoarene moxer trt pacneeo xax pexnama, n rora - n cyeom nopxxe -
oronop o rpare moxer trt npnsa npnrnopo cenxo. cnom ouepet, npnsane
oronopa o rpare npnrnopo cenxo nonneuer anoroonoxene cymmt rpara, xax
onnart sa ycnyry.
e pexomeyercx nepeanart nonnnxn nepnnutx oxymeron rparoarenm no
nsexane yrpart oxymeron. cnn rparoarent acrannaer
116
a nponepxe nmeo nonnnxon nepnnutx oxymeron, rparononyuarenm cneyer
oecneunrt nosmoxocrt nponepxn oxymeron a cnoe reppnropnn.
yxranrepcxn yuer rpara nponsnonrcx a oconann rparonoro cornamenx,
nnctma-nsnemenx o nepenoe eer, nnarexoro nopyuene, ntnncxn axa.
cnn cpecrna or rparoarenx nocrynamr n nanmre pyro crpat omecrneomy
oenenm eoxonmo cenart orapnantt nepeno rparonoro cornamenx.
rot nornepnrt saxoocrt onepannn no nonyuenm rpara, rparononyuarent
oxsa npeocrannrt n ocnyxnnammn ax xomnnexr oxymeron. xomnnexr moryr
nxonrt:
a) xonnx oronopa o rpare,
) saxnnene no cnooo ]opme nnn no ]opme, ycraonneo
ocnyxnnammnm axom o rom, uro cpecrna, nocrynnnmne n xauecrne rpara,
e xnnxmrcx nanmro ntpyuxo. 3ro saxnnene onxo nocrynnrt n ax e
nosee, uem uepes 7 e c momera nonyuenx nsnemenx or axa o
sauncnenn cpecrn a rpasnrt nanmrt cuer,
n) pyrne oxymert:
cnnerentcrno o perncrpannn nnn no aanornut oxymer, nnn ntnncxa ns ero,
sanepeax xomnerertm opraom, ycran nocrpao narornopnrento
opransannn, nnn ntnncxa ns ero, oxymer, nornepxammn narornopnrentt
craryc nocrpao opransannn. xaxom rocyapcrne ncnontsyercx cocrneax
]opma nornepxenx craryca narornopnrento opransannn. ax, n ennxopnrann
+ro - ntnncxa ns peecrpa narornopnrenttx opransann, xoropt neercx c 1896 roa;
n - ceprn]nxar opransannn, ocnooxeo or anoron n r..
r) nx mexyapoo rymanrapo n rexnuecxo nomomn (coecrnnx) -
nornepxene omnccnn no nonpocam mexyapoo rymanrapo n
rexnuecxo nomomn npn pannrentcrne , xoropax ocymecrnnxer
117
xoopnannm exrentocrn opraon rocyapcrneo nnacrn n opraon mecroro
camoynpannenx, mpnnuecxnx n ]nsnuecxnx nnn no nonyuenm n pacnpeenenm
mexyapoo rymanrapo n rexnuecxo nomomn (coecrnnx), nocrynamme n
. omnccnx npnnmaer pemenx o nornepxenn (enornepxenn)
npnanexocrn x rymanrapo nnn rexnuecxo nomomn (coecrnnm)
npeocrannxemtx nonyuarenxm cpecrn n ronapon, a raxxe ntnonxemtx nx nx paor
n oxastnaemtx nm ycnyr a esnosmeso ocone nocrpatmn rocyapcrnamn, nx
]eeparnntmn nnn mynnnnanttmn opasonanxmn, mexyapotmn n
nocrpatmn yupexenxmn nnn exommepuecxnmn opransannxmn, nocrpatmn
]nsnuecxnmn nnnamn.
cnyxnnammn ax, xax arer nanmroro xorponx paccmarpnnaer nce oxymert,
nonyuete or rparononyuarenx, n nepenonr cpecrna c rpasnroro nanmroro cuera
a rexymn nanmrt cuer nx nocneymmero camocroxrentoro ncnontsonanx
cpecrn opransanne-rparononyuarenem.
acxoonane cpecrn rpara nponsnonrcx n coornercrnnn c mxerom,
yrnepxetm n rparonom cornamenn. o oxouann ecrnnx oronopa o rpare,
rparononyuarenn onxt npecrannrt rparoarent oruer o ncnonenn rpara n
cpoxn n ]opme, npeycmorpeo atm oronopom.
ema yxranrepcxoro yuera cpecrn, nocrynaemtx n nocrpao nanmre,
epasptno cnxsaa c ocoeocrxmn yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx npounx
oxoon.
s ncex npnneetx n 9/99 nnon npounx oxoon n omecrnetx
oenenxx, e neymnx npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt, moxo ntennrt
axrnnt, nonyuete esnosmeso, n rom uncne no oronopy apenx n xypconte
pasnnt |29|. axo nn, xax esnosmeso nonyuete axrnnt tn amn paccmorpe
paee.
nx omecrnetx oenen neymnx nanmrte onepannn, npnnnnnanto
naxtm xnnxercx nonpoc yuera xypcontx pasnn.
118
exrentocrn omecrneoro oenenx raxax pasnna moxer nosnxyrt,
ncxox ns ycnonn 3/2006 "uer axrnnon n oxsarentcrn, cronmocrt xoroptx
ntpaxea n nocrpao nanmre", n rpex cnyuaxx:|23|
2.86 enropcxax n xpenropcxax saonxeocrt nooruertx nnn no
sapyextm xomanponxam.
2.87 crarox nanmrtx cpecrn n xacce oenenx n a nanmrtx cuerax.
2.88 crarxn cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx, nonyuetx ns mxera nnn
nocrpatx ncrounxon n pamxax rexnuecxo nnn no nomomn occncxo
eepannn n coornercrnnn c saxnmuetmn cornamenxmn (oronopamn).
epecuer cronmocrn raxnx cpecrn n pynn onxe nponsnonrtcx a ary
conepmenx onepannn n nocrpao nanmre, a raxxe a oruerym ary cocrannenx
yxranrepcxo oruerocrn.
ypconax pasnna nonexnr sauncnenm a ]naconte pesyntrart
oenenx xax npoune oxot nnn npoune pacxot.
cnn xypc nocrpao nanmrt ynennunncx, no ocrarxy cpecrn a nanmrom cuere
nosnxaer nonoxnrentax xypconax pasnna. onoxnrentte xypconte pasnnt
ynennunnamr anoroonaraemym npntnt oenenx. |5, cr.250, n.|
crt ecxontxo rouex spenx, xax n antemem ner yuer oxoon no ao
onepannn.
epnax, cnonrcx x romy, uro nonexnr nepeonexe e rontxo cuer 52 anmrt
cuer, o n cuer 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane, a canto no cuery 99 pntnn n
ytrxn yer ynentm.
ropax rouxa spenx, orpnnaer nosmoxocrt nepeonexn cuera 86 Henenoe
]nacnponane nx ncex omecrnetx oenen, xpome nonyuammnx cpecrna
nenenoro ]nacnponanx, orecete x esnosmeso nomomn, n coornercrnnn c
eepanttm saxoom or 4 max 1999r. N95- esnosmeso nomomn
(coecrnnn) occncxo eepannn |14|. cnn cuer 86 Henenoe ]nacnponane
e nonexnr nepeonexe, ro npn pocre xypca
119
nocrpao nanmrt no oromenm x pynm n annune xorx t eontmoro ocrarxa
cpecrn a nanmrom cuere moxer nosnxyrt nonoxnrentoe canto no cuery 99
pntnn n ytrxn. axym rouxy spenx noepxnnaer .R. omontcxn |70|.
am xe xaxercx, uro nropax rouxa spenx n oromenn omecrneoro oenenx,
ntxnnnmero nonoxnrentym xypconym pasnny, xnnxercx e npanomepo.
mecrneax opransannx moxer ocymecrnnxrt npenpnnmarentcxym
exrentocrt nnmt nocrontxy
s
nocxontxy +ro cnyxnr ocrnxenm nene, pan xoroptx
oa cosaa. axo exrentocrtm npnsamrcx npnocxmee npntnt nponsnocrno
ronapon n ycnyr, orneuammnx nenxm cosanx omecrneoro oenenx, a raxxe
npnoperene n peannsannx netx ymar, nmymecrnetx n enmymecrnetx npan,
yuacrne n xosxcrnetx omecrnax n yuacrne n ronapnmecrnax a nepe n xauecrne
nxnaunxa |12|.
nncox nnon npnocxme npntnt exrentocrn, xonmn moryr sanmartcx
omecrnete oenenx, xnnxercx saxptrtm, cneonarento, orpaxene
nonoxnrenttx xypcontx pasnn a cuere 99, camo asnane xoroporo pntnn n
ytrxn, npn orcyrcrnnn y omecrneoro oenenx npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn e npecrannxercx am npannnttm.
romy xe, xaxym t exrentocrt omecrneoe oenene e ocymecrnnxno,
nce pano oa moxer trt anpannea rontxo a ocrnxene rex nene, nx xoroptx
oo cosao.
ect xe cronr ormernrt, uro crpyxnne no npnmeenm nnaa cueron, e
npeycmorpea xoppecnoennx, nx orpaxenx oxoon n oxoon or
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn n cocrane cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx.
prat rocyapcrneo nnacrn n oprat mecroro camoynpannenx n npeenax
cnoe xomnerennn moryr oxastnart omecrnetm oenenxm +xoomnuecxym
noepxxy n pasnnutx ]opmax |12|.
ocrynnene eextx cpecrn ns mxera orpaxaercx no penry cuera 86
120
n xoppecnoennn co cueramn yuera pacueron a oconann oronopa o ntenenn
cpecrn mxera, saxnmuetm mexy omecrneo opransann n opraamn nnacrn.
anomnaem, uro yxranrepcxn yuer atx nocrynnen neercx n omecrneom
oenenn es npnmeenx mxeroro nnaa cueron.
oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, xax yxe ormeuanoct, nosnxamr
anexo e no ncex omecrnetx oenenxx. axo cnoco nononenx oxoo
uacrn oenenx ncnontsyercx n cnyuae, ecnn npoune ncrounxn eocrarout nx
oecneuenx ncex norpeocre oenenx nnn ecnn +rn ncrounxn xnnxmrcx
eperynxptmn. oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn raxxe nnanpymrcx a
ocone atx ecxontxnx paounx oxymeron: nsec-nnaa nnn noro aanornuoro
oxymera, n xoropom yuret pacxot, nxnmuaemte n ceecronmocrt npoyxnnn, paor
nnn ycnyr, cnxsate c ee peannsanne, a raxxe oxot or peannsannn pesyntrara
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn (npoyxnnn, paor nnn ycnyr). onyueax
npntnt raxxe moxer anpannxrtcx ncxnmunrento a ycrante nenn. pn +rom
omecrneoe oenene moxer ncnontsonart rontxo cymmt uncro npntnn,
ocrammnecx n ee pacnopxxenn nocne ynnart anoron. anoroonoxene npntnn or
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen n ontmncrne
cnyuaen ocymecrnnxercx a omnx oconanxx.
ocrneax exrentocrt opransann rpertero cexropa xax ncrounx
]opmnponanx nmymecrna moxer trt npecrannea cneymmnmn ocontmn nnamn:
2.89 caua nmymecrna n apey,
2.90 oxasane nnartx ycnyr,
2.91 peannsannx npoyxnnn cocrneoro nponsnocrna,
2.92 nonyuene nponeron no enosnrtm cueram,
2.93 nonyuene oxoa no netm ymaram,
2.94 nonyuene npntnn or yuacrnx n xosxcrnetx omecrnax.
121
mecre c rem, nnaex axnnxmn, omecrneoe oenene nonyuaer nnnet, n
npx nn moxo ronopnrt o rom, uro nnaene axnnxmn +ro npenpnnmarentcxax
exrentocrt. axo axnnoep e yuacrnyer enocpecrneo n n nontsonann
nmymecrnom, n n npoaxe ronapon, n n ntnonenn paor nnn oxasann ycnyr.
pano crenen e xnnxercx npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrtm n orxptrne
pacuertx cueron n axax, a ocrarox xoroptx auncnxmrcx nponert. oonx
cnyuaxx exommepuecxax opransannx e xnnxercx cyexrom npenpnnmarentcxnx
oromen: npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt ocymecrnnxmr axnnoepoe omecrno
n ax. s nonyueo npntnn axnnoepoe omecrno ntnnaunnaer nnnet, a ax
auncnxer nponert. nx omecrneoro xe oenenx nnnet n nponert
xnnxmrcx, no cymecrny, e npntntm or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, a
naccnntm oxoom, npnpamenem nmymecrna.
pntnt npecrannxer coo xoeuym nent ocymecrnnenx npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn, xnnxercx onm ns eoxonmtx ee npnsaxon. o+romy nx
xommepuecxo opransannn npenpnnmarentcxax exrentocrt onxa trt ocontm
nnom exrentocrn, nx exommepuecxo eocontm. oxrnx oconax nent
exrentocrn, ocono nn exrentocrn oneout: saxooarentcrno e coepxnr
npnsaxon, c nomomtm xoroptx moxo tno t orennrt oconoe or
eoconoro. axo annune axe raxnx npnsaxon e raparnponano t
nosmoxocrn onpeenenx roro, xnnxercx nn oconax exrentocrt oenenx
ncxnmunrento npenpnnmarentcxo nnn enpenpnnmarentcxo: on n ror xe nn
exrentocrn moxer trt anpanne oonpemeo n a ocrnxene nene cosanx
omecrneoro oenenx, n a nsnneuene npntnn. anpnmep, omecrneoe
oenene, n xauecrne nenn cosanx xoroporo onpeeneo pasnnrne exrentocrn n
c]epe opasonanx, ayxn, xyntrypt, ncxyccrna, npocnemenx n yxonoro pasnnrnx
nnuocrn;, moxer ocymecrnnxrt cnom exrentocrt a nnaro (nnarte cemnapt,
xpyxxn, r..), ro ecrt a npntnto, ocone. +rom cnyuae ncx exrentocrt
oenenx, xnnxxct no
122
cyrn npenpnnmarentcxo, oonpemeo peannsyer n omecrneo nonesym nent
exrentocrn n c]epe opasonanx, ayxn, xyntrypt, ncxyccrna, npocnemenx n
yxonoro pasnnrnx nnuocrn. nent nsnneuenx npntnn, n omecrneo nonesax
nent axoxrcx, no xpae mepe, n pantx nponopnnxx, ro ecrt ntennrt, xaxax ns
+rnx nene xnnxercx ocono, a xaxax eocono, sarpynrento.
ronr nouepxyrt, uro yxranrepcxn yuer npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn
cneyer necrn orento. yxranrepcxn yuer npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn n
omecrneom oenenn nponsnonrcx a oconann rex xe oxymeron n c
ncnontsonanem rex xe cueron, uro n y xommepuecxnx opransann.
t t pexomeonann, npn neenn ao exrentocrn, omecrnetm
oenenxm cosanart orentoe nopasenene, c nentm ynpomenx orecenx
pacxoon a pasnnute nnt exrentocrn.
accmorpet n aom naparpa]e xpyr nonpocon orpaxaer oconte noxn
yuertx nponem n omecrnetx oenenxx, rpeymmnx reopernuecxoro
paccmorpenx c nentm ntpaorxn npaxrnuecxnx pexomeann no conepmecrnonanm
cncremt yxranrepcxoro yuera nenentx oxoon.
nropamn tnn npenoxet pexomeannn no opransannn aannrnuecxoro yuera c
ncnontsonanem cycueron x cuery 86 n paspese crare cmert, uro aer nosmoxocrt
orcnexnnanx yuertx sannce no ncrounxam nonyuenx cpecrn, nporpammam, nenxm
n ]opmnponanx orueron no +rnm noxasarenxm n sanncnmocrn or rpeonan pasnnutx
rpynn nontsonarene sa nmo nepno. pn +rom rax xe noxnnxercx nosmoxocrt
orcnexnnanx xoa ntnonenx oxsarentcrn nepe xeprnonarenxmn no ncnontsonanm
nenentx cpecrn.
tnn nsyuet rouxn spenx pasnnutx anropon, xacammnxcx momera orpaxenx
nocrynnenx nenentx oxoon n yxranrepcxom yuere omecrneoro oenenx n
ooconao cnoe mene o eoxonmocrn yuera raxnx oxoon no meroy
auncnenx, c ncnontsonanem atx npaxrnuecxo cnryannn.
123
enaa nontrxa cncremarnsnponart ncrounxn pecypcon omecrneoro
oenenx c nosnnnn ]opmt nx nocrynnenx, nsyuet n cncremarnsnponat
pasnnunx mexy nenentmn oxoamn, nonyuetmn no oronopy noxeprnonanx n
cnocopcrna.
tpaorat pexomeannn no oxymerantomy o]opmnenm npnema
narornopnrenttx noxeprnonan, a rax xe yuery xaxoro nna nenenoro oxoa.
tcxasao mene o orpaxenn nonoxnrenttx xypcontx pasnn n yxranrepcxom
yuere omecrneoro oenenx.
syuene n meronuecxoe ooconane saxoomepocre ]opmnponanx n
ncnontsonanx yuero n]opmannn o nenentx oxoax n nocrpoenn conpemeo
xonennnn pasnnrnx exommepuecxo c]ept, a am nsrnx, xnnxercx eoxonmtm xax
c rouxn spenx onrnmnsannn n pannoannsannn ncnontsonanx pecypcon omecrneoro
oenenx, rax n c rouxn spenx nontmenx xauecrna connanttx ycnyr n pocra
crenen yonnernopenx norpenrene or nx ncnontsonanx.
%!& .
conax saaua yuera pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx cocronr n rom, urot
nocne opaorxn atx nepnnuoro yuera moxo tno t es rpya onpeennrt, x
xaxo pacxoo crarte cmert on orocxrcx, rem camtm, oxastnax neneno xapaxrep
nx ocymecrnnenx. ocronepocrt ncnonenx cmert xax roono rax n xaxoro
npoexra/nporpammt ocrnraercx npn orxase or yuera conoxyntx pacxoon a oom
cnrernuecxom cuere n neenn pasentoro yuera pacxoon no xaxomy ns npoexron.
pn pacxoonann cpecrn pexomeyercx ntnpart orrouete, esynpeute
]opmynnponxn. enarento yxastnart, sa cuer xaxnx cpecrn (xaxo nporpammt)
pacxoymrcx etrn, a raxxe yxastnart omep crartn n
124
cmere. +ro cnryannn nepoxrocrt onnen n enenenom ncnontsonann cpecrn
mnnmanta.
nx ntnonenx +rnx rpeonan eoxonmo opransonart yuer raxnm opasom,
urot pacxot moxo tno t rpynnnponart xax no crartxm cmert, rax n no xaxomy
nny exrentocrn.
o nneenx n ecrnne onoro nnaa cueron, n rex cnyuaxx, xora omecrneoe
oenene e sanmanoct xommepuecxo exrentocrtm, a ecrnonano rontxo n
pamxax ycrano enpenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, ncnontsonane cueron 20 n 26
(a raxxe aanornutm nm cueron II pasena naa cueron) tno xareropnuecxn
eonycrnmo. nomxyrte cuera (20, 23, 25, 26, 29, 43, 44 n p.) tnn npeasauet
nx oomenx n]opmannn o sarparax xommepuecxnx opransann. cuepntnammn
nepeuet pacxoon, orpaxaemtx a +rnx cuerax, tn nepeuncne n "onoxenn o
cocrane sarpar, nxnmuaemtx n ceecronmocrt..." (ocraonnene pannrentcrna N
552 or 05.08.92). ontmncrno pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx +romy nepeum e
coornercrnonano.
acroxmee npemx nx yuera sarpar n omecrneom oenenn ncnontsymr cuer
20 conoe nponsnocrno.
+xoomnuecxo nnreparype paccmarpnnaercx na anpannenx opransannn yuera
pacxoon:
2.95 penonaraer opransannm a cnrernuecxnx cuerax aannrnuecxoro yuera no
nnam pacxoa, npn xoropom a xaxt pacxo orxptnaercx orentt
aannrnuecxn cuer nx ncex, ocymecrnnxemtx opransanne nnon
exrentocrn.
2.96 penonaraer orxptrne cnrernuecxnx cuerax aannrnuecxnx cueron no nnam
pacxoon n nnam exrentocrn, ocymecrnnxemo opransanne.
ropoe anpannene yuera pacxoon am xaxercx npenournrentee, no npnune
]opmnponanx erantoro xorponx no ncem nnam exrentocrn oenenx.
125
onaraem, uro yuer nenentx pacxoon n omecrneom oenenn onxe necrnct
c ncnontsonanem cuer 20 conoe nponsnocrno nx pacxoon e nonexamnx
pacnpeenenm, mexy ecxontxnmn nnamn exrentocrn n cuere 26
mexosxcrnete pacxot - nx opransannn yuera xocnetx pacxoon.
uer npxmtx pacxoon n paspese crare cmert, npenoxeo amn n naparpa]e 2.2 n
rnnam ]nacnponanx eoxonmo ocymecrnnxrt a orenttx cycuerax x cuery 20
conoe nponsnocrno.
nx ocrnxenx nocranneo nenn cneyer orxptrt cycuera nepnoro nopxxa n
coornercrnnn c remn rnnamn ]nacnponanx, xoropte annuecrnymr n aom
omecrneom oenenn. roporo nopxxa - nx nepeux npxmtx pacxoon.
annrnuecxn yuer no cuery 20 conoe nponsnocrno onxe trt
opransona n paspese ncrounxon ]nacnponanx.
2.97 nnara rpya
2.98 c sapaoro nnart
2.99 omanponoute pacxot
2.100 pea
2.101 ommyantte nnarexn
2.102 acxot a cnxst
2.103 acxot a npnoperene n pemor oopyonanx
2.104 acxot a nynnxannn
2.105 Henente pacxot a orentte nporpammt
20.10.acxot a ocymecrnnene npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn
2.106 rpnnarentax xypconax pasnna
2.107 cnyrn axa
20.13 .acxot a oecneuene exrentocrn nonorepon
(oponontnen) 20.14. acxot a aynr nporpamm
126
20.16. poune nenente pacxot
annrnuecxn yuer ynpanneuecxnx n xosxcrnetx pacxoon, e cnxsatx
enocpecrneo c ocymecrnnenem nenentx nporpamm oenenx, neercx a cuere
26 mexosxcrnete pacxot n coornercrnnn c npnmepo omexnarypo atx
crare, npecranneo n cmere n naparpa]e 2.2.
anee, pacxot, copate a cuerax 20 n 26, yyr orocnrtcx a cuer C2 Henenoe
]nacnponane, c pacnpeenenem a ntenete no ncrounxam ]nacnponanx
cycuera, orxptrte x aomy cuery.
ccneonane yxranrepcxo npaxrnxn omecrnetx oenen, nosnonnno
anropam npnrn x ntnoy o eoxonmocrn paspaorxn nx yuera pacxoon a
ocymecrnnene ycrano exrentocrn n paspese coornercrnymmnx aannrnuecxnx
cueron cnennantoro perncrpa, xoropt t coornercrnonan rpeonanxm,
npexnnxemtm cmero n ocoeocrxm ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn
omecrnetx oenen.
acroxmee npemx at perncrp nx yuera nenentx pacxoon n omecrnetx
oenenxx orcyrcrnyer. amn paspaoraa rannuax ]opma erncrp yuera npxmtx
pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx (m. npnn. 9, crp. 191), npnmeene xoroporo
nosnonxer opransonart yuer pacxoon n paspese crare cmert, nontmaer
oneparnnocrt yuero n]opmannn.
o ropnsorann aoro perncrpa onxt sanonxrtcx crartn pacxoon, a no
neprnxann - ncrounxn nx ]nacnponanx. penmymecrnom aoro perncrpa xnnxercx
npocrora ero cocrannenx n n]opmarnnocrt noxasarene.
a ocone aoro perncrpa moryr, npn ycnonnn ncxnmuenx nnmnx crpox n
cronnon, cocrannxrtcx noote perncrpt yuera sarpar pyxononrenxmn xaxoro
nopasenenx nnn xoopnaropamn npoexron/nporpamm.
ocnete pacxot mt t pexomeonann ntennrt n orentt perncrp-rannny c
nentm eoxonmocrn nocroxoro xorponx sa ao crarte pacxoa. (m. npnn. 10,
crp. 192),
erncrp cnooro yuera oxoon n pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx,
npnneet amn n (m. npnn. 11, crp. 193), aer arnxym xaprny
127
ncnonenx xax ome cmert, rax n cmer orenttx npoexron omecrnetm
oenenem sa pasnnute oruerte nepnot n oneparnno nonyuart ate o
noxnnenx nepepacxoa/+xoomnn no xaxo. pn eoxonmocrn, no xaxomy
ncrounxy oxoa, yxasaomy n aom perncrpe moxo yxasart nepno ncnontsonanx
nenentx cpecrn.
pnmeene atx perncrpon n npaxrnuecxo exrentocrn omecrnetx
oenen, no amemy menm, nosnonnr nontcnrt oneparnnocrt n]opmannn nx
xorponx sa cmero n xax saxooarento, rax n ycraonnetmn xeprnonarenxmn,
nnmnramn orenttx ee crare.
anee paccmorpnm ocoeocrn yuera xaxo crartn pacxoa omecrneoro
oenenx.
omecrneom oenenn ntenxmr uertpe xareropnn paorammero nepcoana:
2.108 ocroxte paornxn, paorammne no oconomy mecry paort.
2.109 onmecrnrenn.
2.110 aornxn, c xoroptmn saxnmuet rpaxacxo-npanonte oronopt.
2.111 oponontnt.
mecrnete oenenx ononto uacro ]nacnpymrcx sa cuer rparon,
ntanaemtx nocrpatmn opransannxmn, a raxxe sa cuer ntx nenentx cpecrn,
ntenxemtx, xax npannno, a ocymecrnnene xaxoro-nno npoexra nnn nporpammt, cpox
xoroptx orpanue. +rnx cnyuaxx c paornxamn moxer trt saxnmue cpout
rpyono oronop.
ononto uacro narornopnrentte oenenx saxnmuamr oronopt nopxa nnn
oronopt nosmesoro oxasanx ycnyr c ]nsnuecxnmn nnnamn. +rom cnyuae nce
]opmynnponxn nyxron oronopa onxt cnnerentcrnonart o ero rpaxacxo-
npanonom xapaxrepe n npnnnnnanto ornnuart ero or ncex pasonnocre rpyontx
oronopon. axocrt +roro nponxronaa cneymmnmn npnunamn. o-nepntx, e
nonocrtm connaamr oruncnenx no nemxerte ]ot c sapaoro nnart n
oruncnenx c nosarpaxen no
128
rpaxacxo-npanontm oronopam. anpnmep, c nocnenx oruncnenx n
ocyapcrnet ]o connantoro crpaxonanx noome e enamrcx. o-nroptx,
rpaxana, ntnonxmmero nx oenenx paory nnn oxastnammero e ycnyrn,
entsx nocnart n xomanponxy n, coornercrneo, xomnecnponart xomanponoute
pacxot. -rpertnx, ornercrneocrt paoroarenx, r.e. oenenx, saxnmunnme
rpyono oronop, mnpe n ceptesee, uem ornercrneocrt saxasunxa. axoen, n-
uerneprtx, nopxox npnema a paory n ynontenx ornnuaercx or ycnonn saxnmuenx
n pacropxenx rpaxacxo-npanonoro oronopa. cnn npnpoy nonncaoro oronopa
rpyo onpeennrt, xo]nnxrt c nponepxmmnmn rocyapcrnetmn opraamn
ensext, a c paornxamn - ononto nepoxrt.
uero nonnrnxo moxer trt npeycmorpea nouaconax nnn centax onnara, nnn
napnart npn xoroptx saxnmuaercx ror nnn no oronop. anpnmep, nx nepenounxa-
npn nnctmeom nepenoe onnara yer cento n onpeenxrtcx no xonnuecrny
neuartx nncron, a npn ycrom nepenoe, onnara yer nouacono. apaorax nnara n
omecrnetx oenenxx, xax npannno, n rneptx oxnaax, n pynxx.
romenx omecrneoro oenenx c nepntmn nymx xareropnxmn
perynnpymrcx pyontm oexcom n pyrnmn opmamn rpyonoro saxooarentcrna.
romenx oenenx c nnnamn, saxnmunnmnmn oronopt nopxa, oronopt
nopyuenx n oronopt nosmesoro n esnosmesoro oxasanx ycnyr, perynnpymrcx
paxacxnm xoexcom ( ).
coornercrnnn c rpyontm saxooarentcrnom omecrneoe oenene oxsao
exemecxuo auncnxrt sapaorym nnary nocroxtm corpynxam n conmecrnrenxm.
mxer n nemxerte connantte ]ot npexnnxmr xecrxne mrpa]te caxnnn
n nne nen sa ecnoenpemeoe nepeuncnene crpaxontx nsocon, xpome roro cneenx
o opransannxx, apymammnx rpyonoe saxooarentcrno, moryr trt anpannet n
npoxyparypy. cnyuae orcyrcrnnx cpecrn at nonpoc: moxo pemnrt ecxontxnmn
napnaramn:
129
moxo ornpannrt n amnncrparnnt (eonnaunnaemt) ornycx,
cornaco saxnnenx paornxa,
corpynxn moryr trt nepeneet (c nx cornacnx) a paory c enontm
paounm em (1/2, 1/3 cranxn),
nora omecrneoe oenene ncex corpynxon o]opmnxer n
xauecrne oponontnen, es onnart.
axoen, rpy oponontnen n acroxmee npemx perynnpyercx axoom "
narornopnrento exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx opransannxx". pome roro,
roronnrcx npnxrne cnennantoro saxoa " oponontnax (nonorepax)". aora
nonorepon nponsnonrcx a esnosmeso ocone, sanncn n rpyonte xnxxn e
nponsnoxrcx.
axo ormernrt, uro axe ecnn n oenenn pyxononrent oenenx n
npoexra/nporpammt - +ro oo n ro xe nnno no cyrn pacxoa - +ro nemn paste. cxox
ns ntmecxasaoro, onnara rpya yxranrepa, cexperapx, accncrera n pyxononrenx
npoexra moxer trt orecea x npxmtm nporpammtm pacxoam. axo, onnara rpya
pyxononrenx oenenx yer xocnetm pacxoom (r.e. omnm nx ncex nporpamm)
n nonexnr pacnpeenenm mexy npoexramn n coornercrnnn c yuero nonnrnxo,
npnxro n oenenn.
a oconann npnxason pyxononrenx n rpyontx oronopon, a raxxe raene yuera
paouero npemen, yxranrepnx nponsnonr auncnenx sapaoro nnart n oruncnenx
no nemxerte ]ot. acuer atx auncnen nponsnonrcx n pacuero
neomocrn rnnono ]opmt.
et ntnnart sapaoro nnart ycraannnnaercx npannnamn rpyonoro nyrpeero
pacnopxxa oenenx. ax npannno, ax omecrneoro oenenx
n]opmnpymr o npnxrom e n]opmannotm nnctmom.
apaorax nnara no pyonomy oexcy onxa ntnnaunnartcx e meee nyx pas n
mecxn. rom cnyuae, ecnn oxnat esaunrentt n e nmeer cmtcna nx pasnnart n
sarpyxart yxranrepa pacuerom anacon, paornxam omecrneoro oenenx
npenaraercx anncart saxnnenx c npocto e ntnnaunnart anac. a oconann
atx saxnnen, ntnycxaercx omn
130
npnxas no oenenm, uro n yer nx yxranrepa xnnxrtcx oconanem e
ntnnaunnart anac. tnnara sapaoro nnart moxer nponsnonrtcx nymx cnocoamn:
uepes xaccy oenenx;
uepes ax.
nepnom cnyuae cocrannxercx nnarexax neomocrt a ntnnary sapaoro nnart.
o nropom cnyuae - o]opmnxercx cnncox nonyuarene sapaoro nnart uepes ax.
peonanx x opransannn ntnnart sapaoro nnart n omecrnetx
oenenxx aanornut npannnam, npnxrtm nx ncex ocranttx opransann.
eoxonmocrt pasenenx pacxoon a onnary rpya n auncnen a +rn pacxot
a na orenttx nna pacxoon oycnonnea npnxrtmn npnnnnamn ]opmnponanx
yxranrepcxo n crarncrnuecxo oruerocrn, a raxxe rem, uro nonyuarenxmn cpecrn
xnnxmrcx npnnnnnanto paste apecart (paornxn omecrnetx oenen n
mxert).
pn paccmorpenn ao crartn cmert n exoroptx cnyuaxx cronr oparnrt
nnmane a cneymmne acnexrt:
ranxa n nponer saxrocrn no npoexry
npanneuecxn nepcoan n npoexre, xaxnm opasom yer paccunrtnartcx ero
nxna. yer nn o pacnpeenxrtcx xax pyrne omeamnncrparnnte
pacxot nno yer onennartcx ]axrnuecxn nxna amnncrparnnoro
nepcoana n npoexr n o yer orocnrtcx a pacxot no npoexry npxmtm
opasom.
neymmax rnnonax crartx pacxoon nx omecrnetx oenen
-xomanponoute pacxot. ornnune or opm poccncxoro saxooarentcrna, xoropoe
e npeycmarpnnaer oxsarentoro pasenenx nenentx sarpar no xomanponxam, n
moxer n oo crarte oenxrt pacxot a npoes, npoxnnane n cyroute,
rpeonanx ontmero uncna rparoarene pasenxmr n
131
mxerax npoexra pacxot a xomanponxn a:
npoes;
npoxnnane;
cyroute/nnrane.
pome roro, n cmere npoexra pacuer pacxoon moxer nponsnonrtcx no corpynxy
nnn no mecry xomanponanx. pn +rom nx nene ynpanneuecxoro yuera, ocoeo n
cnyuae ]opmnponanx orenttx mxeron no xomanponoutm pacxoam eoxonmo
conmart ent noxo no nxnmuenm pacxoon a xomanponxn.
epe rem xax anpannrt paornxa n xomanponxy, eoxonmo o]opmnrt:
cnyxeoe saane nx anpannenx n xomanponxy n oruer o ero ntnonenn no
]opme N -10a pn anpannenn paornxa n xomanponxy sanonxrt pasen
"parxn oruer o ntnonenn saanx" ]opmt N -10a e yxo. 3ror pasen
sanonxercx paornxom nocne nosnpamenx ns xomanponxn; npnxas o anpannenn
paornxa n xomanponxy no ]opme N -9 (ecnn n xomanponxy anpannxercx on
paornx) nnn N -9a (ecnn n xomanponxy anpannxmrcx ecxontxo paornxon);
xomanponouoe yocronepene (]opma N-10).
ce +rn ]opmt yrnepxet nocraonnenem ocxomcrara occnn or 6 anpenx 2001 r.
N26.
o nosnpamenn ns xomanponxn noorueroe nnno onxo npecrannrt n
yxranrepnm anacont oruer no ]opme N -I (yrnepxea nocraonnenem
ocxomcrara occnn or 1 anrycra 2001 r, N 55).
anaconomy oruery npnnaramrcx nce oxymert, nornepxammne pacxot
paornxa no npemx xomanponxn (npoeste nnert, cuera a onnary xnntx n r..).
rnnnutm omnxam neenx yuera xomanponoutx pacxoon n omecrnetx
oenenxx xnnxercx orcyrcrnne xypanon yuera paornxon, nttnammnx n
xomanponxn n yuera paornxon, xoropte npntnn n xomanponxy ns pyro
opransannn.
132
omanponaomy paornxy nosmemamrcx pacxot no amy xnnoro nomemenx n
npoesy x mecry xomanponxn n oparo x mecry nocroxo paort, a raxxe
ntnnaunnamrcx cyroute.
pn ntaue cpecrn a xomanponxy n nocrpao nanmre yxranrepy cneyer:
onpnxoonart annuym nocrpaym nanmry, nonyueym n axe, no
o]nnnantomy xypcy a et onpnxoonanx;
ntart nocrpaym nanmry paornxy no o]nnnantomy xypcy a et ntaun;
orpasnrt pacxot xomanponaoro nnna no o]nnnantomy xypcy a et
yrnepxenx anaconoro oruera;
cxoppexrnponart (ynennunrt nnn ymetmnrt) saonxeocrt noorueroro nnna
ncxox ns o]nnnantoro xypca nocrpao nanmrt, ecrnymmero a et
yrnepxenx anaconoro oruera nnn a et cocrannenx yxranrepcxo
oruerocrn (ecnn x +romy npemen saonxeocrt e tna noramea).
cnn a ary yrnepxenx anaconoro oruera (ary cocrannenx oruerocrn) xypc
nanmrt oxasancx ntme, uem a ary ee ntaun, ro n yuere nosnxaer nonoxnrentax
xypconax pasnna: eer 71 penr 91-1.
cnn a ary yrnepxenx anaconoro oruera (ary cocrannenx oruerocrn) xypc
nanmrt oxasancx nxe, uem a ary ee ntaun, ro n yuere nosnxaer orpnnarentax
xypconax pasnna: eer 91-2 penr 71.
ornnune or xommepuecxnx opransann, yunrtnammnx npn anoroonoxenn
npntnn pacxot a xomanponxn rontxo n npeenax ycraonnetx opm, n
omecrneom oenenn nce sanoxete n cmere xomanponoute pacxot
xnnxmrcx nenentmn. o cymma npentmenx atx pacxoon a opmamn, xax n y
xommepuecxnx opransann, xnnxercx anorono aso nx auncnenx n n
coornercrnnn c .
Xorenoct t ormernrt, uro a aym crartm orocxrcx e rontxo pacxot a
xomanponxn ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana, cnxsate c ntnonenem
133
amnncrparnntx oxsaocre, o n cnxsate c ocymecrnnenem
npoexra/nporpammt, ro sarpart onxt trt orecet x npxmtm pacxoam no npoexry
(anpnmep, a cycuer 20.9 Henente pacxot a nporpammt)
cnyuae ntnonenx omecrnetm oenenem ecxontxnx nnon exrentocrn,
y ero nosnxamr cnoxocrn c orecenem a xaxt ns nx n coornercrnymmnx onxx
raxne pacxot, xax: pacxot no apee o]ncoro nomemenx, onnara xommyanttx
ycnyr, pacxot a cnxst.
ate pacxot npnnmamrcx x yuery a oconann saxnmuetx oronopon
apet nomemenx, npou.
nx pemenx nosnxme nponemt, moxo nponsnecrn npxmo pacuer no ]axrnuecxn
sanmaemtm nnomaxm, pacxot a cnxst orocnrt a xaxt nn exrentocrn n
coornercrnnn c nonyuaemtmn nmecre co cuerom pacneuarxamn pasronopon. cnyuae,
xora opransannx nx cex cunraer atm mero epannoanttm, ate pacxot
cneyer pacnpeenxrt aanornuo amnncrparnntm pacxoam.
auncnene pacxoon cornaco crartxm cmert nponsnonrcx nponoxo: eer 20.4,
20.5, 20.6 penr 76.
nexa n yuer ocontx cpecrn n omecrnetx oenenxx aanornut onexe
n yuery +roro nna axrnnon n opransannxx, saxrtx npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrtm.
cnn oexr ocontx cpecrn e ncnontsyercx ontme n exrentocrn
omecrneoro oenenx no npnune nonoro ]nsnuecxoro nnn mopantoro nsoca,
nonpexenx, yrpart n r.n., o onxe cnnctnartcx c anaca oenenx.
cnn cnncane oexra ocontx cpecrn nponsnonrcx n pesyntrare ero npoaxn, ro
ntpyuxa or peannsannn npnnmaercx x yxranrepcxomy yuery n cymme, cornaconao
cropoamn n oronope. omecrnetx oenenxx nonyuete cymmt (sa mnycom
pacxoon, cnxsatx c peannsanne oexron ocontx cpecrn) orocxrcx a
ynennuene oxoon no crarte "poune oxot" nnn "oxot or peannsannn
nmymecrna".
134
oxot, pacxot n norepn or cnncanx c yxranrepcxoro anaca oexron ocontx
cpecrn orpaxamrcx n yxranrepcxom yuere n oruerom nepnoe, x xoropomy on
orocxrcx.
axnm opasom, npn nttrnn oexron ocontx cpecrn omecrnetx
oenen uame ncero moxer nmert mecro ymetmene oxoon (ynennuene
pacxoon), uro n xommepuecxnx opransannxx pacnennaercx xax opasonane ytrxa.
ymma auncneoro nsoca n cncremom yuere e orpaxaercx, a exexnapranto
orocnrcx a saanacont cuer 010 "soc ocontx cpecrn".
omecrnetx oenenxx pemor ocontx cpecrn nponsnonrcx n pamxax
ocymecrnnenx ycrano exrentocrn n coornercrnnn c cymmamn, yxasatmn n cmere
oxoon n pacxoon. occraonnene ocontx cpecrn, n pesyntrare xoroporo nx
nepnoauantax cronmocrt onxa ynennunrtcx (moepnsannx, pexocrpyxnnx n r.n.),
xnnxercx orenttm nenentm meponpnxrnem n onxo ]nacnponartcx raxxe
orento. acxot no ncem nnam pemora yunrtnamrcx apane c pacxoamn pyrnx
nnon.
nx ntenenx enocpecrnetx nenentx pacxoon a nporpammy yxo
pyxonocrnonartcx rpeonanxmn rparoarene no xnaccn]nxannn atx pacxoon.
nenxx nsexanx nponem, cnxsatx c orcyrcrnnem crartn n crpyxrype pacxoon,
onpeenetx yuero nonnrnxo, n ]nacontx nponeypax eoxonmo yxasart, uro
nepeuet crare moxer ononxrtcx crartxmn, n coornercrnnn c rpeonanxmn
rparoarenx.
sanncnmocrn or ocontx nene exrentocrn omecrneoro oenenx, nm
moryr ntnonxrtcx pasnnute nporpammt. npnmepy, ynomxyrax paee nporpamma
n cnom cmery nxnmuaer nponeene cemnapon, c onnaro npoesa ero
yuacrnxam n npoune meponpnxrnx. neonarento, nenentmn pacxoamn,
nonexamnmn orpaxenm n eere cuera 20.9 Henente pacxot a nporpammt nx
omecrneoro oenenx, peannsymmero aym nporpammy, yyr: pacxot no
apee nomemenx nx cemnapon, pacxot no
135
onnare nnranx yuacrnxon, nx npoesa x mecry cemnapa n oparo

pacxot a
rpeepon/xocyntraron, r..
Henecoopaso a at cycuer orocnrt pacxot a xoxperte nenente
meponpnxrnx, c nosmoxocrtm ntenenx xaxoro noooro meponpnxrnx a
aanornut emy no asnanm cycuer rpertero nopxxa.
pn cocrannenn cmert npoexra nx nene ]naconoro ynpannenx eoxonmo
onpeennrt nponeypy onexn n pacuera cocrneoro nxnaa no +nemeram:
` py oponontnen
naane ecnnartmn npanamn (apea)
D pecrna pyrnx npoexron
u mymecrno oenenx
D peocrannene ecnnartx ycnyr rpertnmn nnnamn
cnontsonane nnuoro nmymecrna yuacrnxon npoexra
ontxo +ror mexansm nosnonxer onpeennrt ]axrnuecxym ceecronmocrt npoexra, ro
ecrt ry cymmy ]nacnponanx, xoropax norpeonanact t a npoexr, ecnn t sa nce
eoxonmo tno sannarnrt. 3ro naxo nx aannsa exrentocrn omecrneoro
oenenx n onexn +]]exrnnocrn npoexra.
onmene npnnnnon yxranrepcxoro yuera n rpeonan rparoarenx onxo
orpasnrcx n nroronom ]naconom oruere. Hent ]naconoro oruera -orpasnrt nenenoe
ncnontsonane cpecrn.
cnn omecrneoe oenene ocymecrnnxer npenpnnmarentcxym exrentocrt,
yxranrepcxn yuer oxoon n pacxoon neercx n nopxxe, ycraonneom nx
xommepuecxnx opransann, a cycuerax, orxptnaemtx x cuery 20. nncane
c]opmnponao a cuere 20 ]axrnuecxo ceecronmocrn npoyxnnn, paor nnn ycnyr
nponsnonrcx raxxe n nopxxe, npnmexemom n xommepuecxnx opransannxx, a cuer
yuera rorono npoyxnnn nnn a cuer yuera npoax.
nx yuera sarpar a nponsnocrno ycnyr, oxasane xoroptx xnnxercx nentm cosanx
oenenx, n yxranrepcxom yuere npnmexercx cuer 20 conoe
136
nponsnocrno. |19|
o eery cuera 20 orpaxamrcx npxmte pacxot, cnxsate enocpecrneo c
oxasanem xocyntrannotx ycnyr, no xpenry cuera 20 - cymmt ]axrnuecxo
ceecronmocrn sanepmetx ycnyr. crarox no cuery 20 a xoen mecxna noxastnaer
cronmocrt esanepmeoro nponsnocrna. unrtnax, uro ycnyrn no nponeenm
omecrneo opransanne xocyntrannotx cemnapon xnnxmrcx ycnyramn
emarepnanto ]opmt n, xax npannno, ocxr eonronpemet xapaxrep, mana
nepoxrocrt roro, uro a xoen orueroro nepnoa n yuere oenenx yyr
esanepmeoe nponsnocrno (esaxouete paort, e npnxrte saxasunxom) n
sarpart esanepmeoro nponsnocrna.
annrnuecxn yuer no cuery 20 moxer ocymecrnnxrtcx no nnam sarpar n nnam
ycnyr, no nopasenenxm oenenx.
yrem conocrannenx oxoon n pacxoon onpeenxercx ]nacont pesyntrar ee
xosxcrneo exrentocrn.
rpaxacxom npane, xax nsnecro, pasnnuamr omym n cnennantym
npanocnocoocrt mpnnuecxnx nnn. epnax ns nx, cnocrneax ontmncrny
xommepuecxnx opransann, osauaer nosmoxocrt nmert rpaxacxne npana n ecrn
rpaxacxne oxsaocrn, eoxonmte nx ocymecrnnenx nmtx nnon
exrentocrn, e sanpemetx saxoom |2, cr.49|. mecrnete xe oenenx
onaamr cnennanto npanocnocoocrtm, r.e. moryr ocymecrnnxrt rontxo re ns e
sanpemetx saxooarentcrnom occncxo eepannn nnt exrentocrn, xoropte
coornercrnymr nenn nx cosanx n npeycmorpet n nx yupenrenttx oxymerax |12,
cr.24, n.1|. s +roro ntrexaer naxt nx yxranrepcxoro yuera ntno: nce nmymecrno
exommepuecxnx opransann, nce nocrynammne x nm eexte n nte cpecrna,
nxnmuax npntnt or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, moryr ncnontsonartcx rontxo
n onpeenetx nenxx n n +rom cmtcne xnnxmrcx nenentmn.
137
yxranrepcxom yuere n oruerocrn aoe ocroxrentcrno n coornercrnnn c
npnxro meroonorne n ycraonnetmn npannnamn ]nxcnpyercx orpaxenem ncex
nocrynammnx cpecrn a cuere ;2 "Henente ]nacnponane n nocrynnenx" n no
crarte anaca "Henenoe ]nacnponane" |19, cr. 24|.
coornercrnnn c nenentm asauenem npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn
omecrneoro oenenx nonyueax npntnt raxxe xnnxercx ncrounxom
]nacnponanx ocono ycrano exrentocrn n no+romy, n xoeuom cuere,
nonexnr nxnmuenm n cocran npeasauetx nx +roro nenentx cpecrn. onxo
+ro enartcx exexnapranto nnn on pas n xone roa - opmarnntmn oxymeramn e
ycraonneo. osmoxo, cneyx omnm npnnnnam n npannnam yxranrepcxoro yuera,
+ro nenecoopaso enart rontxo npn pe]opmannn anaca saxnmunrenttmn
ooporamn exapx (eer 99 penr 84, eer 84 penr 86). +rom cnyuae pacxot
a oconym ycranym exrentocrt, nponsneete ]axrnuecxn sa cuer npntnn or
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn, yyr yunrtnartcx n reuene roa no eery cuera
86 "Henenoe ]nacnponane", a eeronoe canto no aomy cuery, opasymmeecx a
xoen xaxoro orueroro nepnoa, - orpaxartcx n npomexyrouo oruerocrn no crpoxe
270 poune ooporte axrnnt yxranrepcxoro anaca.
rmernm, uro axoom N 82- npeycmorpea nosmoxocrt pacxoonanx npntnn
or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn e rontxo a ]nacnponane ocono
ycrano exrentocrn, o n a npnoperene nmymecrna, npeasaueoro nx
neenx npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn |8, cr.37|.
axo nomnrt, uro nx amnncrparnntx pacxoon onxe cymecrnonart
mexansm pacnpeenenx pacxoon mexy npoexramn n nnamn exrentocrn.
ymecrnyer ecxontxo ocontx cnocoon pacnpeenenx xocnetx pacxoon:
nponopnnoanto oxoy no npoexry n ennny npemen (m. npnn. 12, crp. 194);
nponopnnoanto cymme npxmtx pacxoon no npoexry n ennny npemen;
138
nponopnnoanto npemen ecrnnx npoexra n ennny npemen. anpnmep, on
npoexr nnrcx 2 mecxna n roy, a nropo ntnonxercx n reuene ncero roa, r.e. 12
mecxnen. +rom cnyuae cymma roontx amnncrparnntx pacxoon ennrcx a 14,
a npn pacnpeenenn a nepnt npoexr npnxonrcx 2/14, a a nropo 12/14
roontx amnncrparnntx nsepxex) 3ror cnoco nenecoopaso npnmexrt,
ecnn xparxonpemet npoexr xnnxercx sarpartm, o e rpeyer a cex
ornneuenx omexosxcrnetx pecypcon oenenx, a onronpemet npoexr
xnnxercx manomxertm. npornnom cnyuae nponcxonr ncxaxene
oruerocrn;
pantmn onxmn mexy npoexramn (pacnpocrpaeo n opransannxx usornuoro
rnna)
no ycraonnetm opmam. pn +rom opmt moryr trt paccunrat ecxontxnmn
cnocoamn, on ns xoroptx ]axrnuecxn yuer pacxoonanx n reuene ontroro
nepnoa. anpnmep, na mecxna neercx crporn yuer rene]otx neperonopon no
ncem npoexram n onpeenxercx ]axrnuecxax cymma, pacxoyemax exemecxuo a
xaxt npoexr, pacnpeenxmrcx nnoman apeyemoro nomemenx a xaxt ns
npoexron, yunrtnaercx npemx saxrocrn ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana no nncram
yuera paouero npemen. o oxouann ontroro nepnoa ycraannnnamrcx
opmt pacxoonanx no xaxo mxero crarte amnncrparnnoro mxera
a xaxt ns npoexron. eyocrno +roro cnocoa saxnmuaercx n rom, uro npn
noxnnenn onoro npoexra nce opmt onxt trt nepecmorpet.
ooromene cpecrn anpannxemtx a amnncrparnnte yxt n a npxmte
nporpammte nenn xnnxercx cymecrnetm ]axropom npn onpeenenn ]nacontx
crparern oenenx.
anpnmep, saxoom o narornopnrento exrentocrn ycraonnet orpanuenx a
ncnontsonane narornopnrenttm ]oom cpecrn a onnary rpya amnncrparnno-
ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana - 20 ]nacontx cpecrn,
139
pacxoyemtx ]oom sa ]nacont ro. +rom cnyuae oa ns ]nacontx saau
onpeenea saxooarento: e onee 20 cpecrn anpannxercx a sapaorym nnary
amnncrparnno-ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana. nx pyrnx omecrnetx oenen
noot xpnrepn moxer trt ycraonne ntcmnm opraom ynpannenx,
pyxonocrnom oenenx n r..
a pacnpeenene amnncrparnntx pacxoon nnnxmr raxne ]axropt xax
+xoomnuecxn cmtcn, pannoantocrt, ocoeocrn xoxperoro nna exrentocrn,
annune ecxontxnx nnon exrentocrn, a rax xe anoronte rpeonanx. anpnmep,
nx npannntoro ncuncnenx anoroonaraemo npntnn n cocrane oxoon n pacxoon
omecrnetx oenen e yunrtnamrcx nenente nocrynnenx n ]nacnponane,
a raxxe pacxot, nponsnonmte sa cuer atx ncrounxon, cnxsate c
ocymecrnnenem ycrano exrentocrn. uer nocrynnen n pacxoonane nenentx
cpecrn, a raxxe cymm oxoon n pacxoon no npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn
omecrnetx oenen onxt ocymecrnnxrtcx pasento.
poneeoe nccneonane, nosnonnno ntxnnrt anropam ncceprannn nponemt
pacnpeenenx xocnetx pacxoon, xoropte cnxsat c ntopom ast nx
pacnpeenenx.
pn neenn ecxontxnx nnon exrentocrn, yxranrept uacro cranxnnamrcx c
nponemo ntopa ast nx pacnpeenenx omexosxcrnetx pacxoon, n nx cocrane
moxo ntennrt sapaorym nnary amnncrparnno-ynpanneuecxoro nepcoana n
oruncnenx c ee, xanenxpcxne pacxot, pacxot a coepxane nomemen n p.
roono cmere oenenx ntenxercx amnncrparnnax crartx, n ro npemx xax
orento exrentocrn no amnncrparnnomy anpannenm moxer n e trt.
nxsao +ro c rem, uro, xax npannno, omecrnete oenenx, ocymecrnnxmmne
cnom exrentocrt a nenente cpecrna, e moryr nxnmuart n mxer npoexra crartm
amnncrparnnte pacxot nnn nponer axnatx pacxoon. neanto cnryannn
npn ntenenn amnncrparnnoro mxera orento crpoxo opransannx
npeycmarpnnaer ncrounxn ]nacnponanx
140
+ro crartn, xoropte e orpanuet xecrxo oopom. raxnm cpecrnam moryr trt
orecet unecxne nsoct, noxeprnonanx a ycrante nenn a coepxane
omecrneoro oenenx nnn oxot or npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn.
axo n peantocrn noote ncrounxn n poccncxnx exommepuecxnx opransannxx
esaunrentt n e moryr noxptrt ncex amnncrparnntx pacxoon. o+romy
axnate (amnncrparnnte) pacxot onxt pacnpeenxrtcx mexy npoexramn.
xasane nnartx ycnyr nx ynpomenx meroa pacnpeenenx paccmarpnnaercx xax
orentt npoexr.
+ro cnxsn eoxonmo ormernrt nnmt ro, uro orecene omexosxcrnetx
pacxoon a ceecronmocrt peannsyemo npoyxnnn (paor, ycnyr) n omecrneom
oenenn nponsnonrcx aanornuo orecenm nootx pacxoon n xommepuecxnx
opransannxx. pn +rom entsx satnart o rom, uro raxne pacxot, xax onnara rpya
pyxononrenx, yxranrepa omecrneoro oenenx, onnara apet n pyrne
aanornute sarpart cnxsat c ]yxnnonponanem omecrneoro oenenx n
nenom. ax xax ocono nentm cosanx oenenx xnnxercx exommepuecxax
exrentocrt, ro omeopransannote pacxot e moryr trt nonocrtm nxnmuet n
ceecronmocrt paor (ycnyr). n moryr trt orecet a ceecronmocrt uacrnuo,
ecnn mexansm pacnpeenenx xocnetx pacxoon uerxo nponnca n yuero nonnrnxe
oenenx. cnn noooe onncane orcyrcrnyer, ro anoronte oprat moryr
ooconao nocunrart, uro ceecronmocrt santmea a cymmy pacxoon, orocxmnxcx
x exommepuecxo exrentocrn.
narornopnrentte ]ot (xeprnonarenn, rparoarenn) npn orcnexnnann
nenenoro ]nacnponanx raxxe opamamr nnmane a pacnpeenene axnatx
(amnncrparnntx) pacxoon mexy npoexramn, ocymecrnnxemtmn opransanne. pn
eocrarouom ooconann +rn pacxot moryr trt npnsat enenentmn n e
sauret n oruere o nenenom ncnontsonann cpecrn no npoexry.
pn paccmorpenn ncex npounx pacxoon n omecrneom oenenn mt onxt
pyxonocrnonartcx onycrnmocrtm atx pacxoon.
141
.x. opransannx, x npnmepy, nonyunnmax rpar n nocrpao nanmre, ecrnyer n
pamxax mxera (cmert), yrnepxetm oronopom. mera yrnepxaercx n nanmre
crpat rparoamme opransannn n nx auncnenx pacxoon n cocrannenx
nocneymmero ]naconoro oruera ncnontsyercx xypc, ecrnymmn a momer
nocrynnenx cpecrn a cuer oenenx. acxo, nponsneet no rpary, onxe
coornercrnonart oxoy, a, enosmoxocrt ntnonnrt xaxoe-nno oxsarentcrno, no
aomy rpary, n cnecrnnn coxpamenx cymmt ntpaxeo n pynxx, onxo
orpasnrcx n ]naconom oruere rparoarenm, xax enpennet pacxo.
coornercrnnn c ntenxemtmn cpecrnamn, pacxot cunramrcx onycrnmtmn, ecnn
on:
ooconat nx ntnonenx paor no npoexry/nporpamme;
coornercrnymr nmtm orpanuenxm nnn ncxnmuenxm,
ycraonnetm ]nacnpymme opransanne;
onpeenet n coornercrnnn c npnnnnamn yxranrepcxoro yuera ,
aexnaro o]opmnet.
xauecrne npnmepa npnneem nepeuet eonycrnmtx pacxoon npn peannsannn
exrentocrn n pamxax ]nacnponanx, nonyueoro or crnryra rxptroe
mecrno o oecrnnx. ornaco rparonomy cornamenm (m. npnn. 13, crp. 195-
202) cpecrna ]nacnponanx e moryr trt ncnontsonat a:
. onponane, ro ecrt crpemnene nonnnxrt a ncxo rex nnn ntx
omecrnetx ntopon nnn oxasart nnnxne a saxooarentcrno, anpnmep,
noepxnnax npnxrne nnn orxnoene saxoon, npnstnax nnn noyxax
omecrneocrt opamartcx x npecrannrenxm saxooarenttx opraon n
nenxx nororonxn npenoxen n noepxxn saxoon nnn npornnoecrnnx nx
npnxrnm.
. poneene xamnan no perncrpannn nsnparene n npxmo nnn
xocneo ]opme.
142
. uacrne n nponarancrcxo nnn nonnrnuecxo exrentocrn a ute-nno
cropoe nnn oxasane noepxxn nonnrnuecxnm naprnxm, nnxenxm, rpynnam nnn
xamnanxm.
. peocrannene rparon orenttm nnnam nnn pyrnm
opransannxm es nnctmeoro cornacnx a +ro crnryra n oxsarentcrn co cropot
narononyuarenx cneonart ycraonnetm npannnam nponeypt.
. oepxxy xommepuecxnx npenpnxrn c nentm nonyuenx npntnn nnn
ncnontsonane cpecrn nacnponanx nx nsnneuenx oxoon n xaxo-nno
]opme.
orpont ncnontsonanx narornopnrenttx cpecrn omecrnetmn
oenenxmn xnnxercx oo ns camtx cnoxtx saau pasnnrnx
narornopnrentocrn. oo cropot, raxo xorpont ensexo neer x
orpanuenxm n exrentocrn yuacrnxon n x nontmenm nsepxex, c pyro, -
omecrno onxo nmert raparnn nenenoro ncnontsonanx cpecrn. omnmo uncrtx
pacxoon yuacrnxn omecrnetx oenen ecyr saunrentte conyrcrnymmne
rpart. erxax cncrema yuera n xnaccn]nxannn pacxoon narornopnrentoro
opransannn n saunrento mepe sanncnr or npannn nx cosanx n perncrpannn.
exansmt npospauocrn exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen nxnmuamr
cneymmne xomnoert:
cncrema oxsarentoro yuera exrentocrn opransonaa n craaprtx n
yotx nx anmenx, cpanenx n nponepxn ]opmax;
uacrt oxymerannn ntneea sa pamxn nyrpeero nontsonanx, ycraonne
cocran n nepnonuocrt nynnxannn orenttx yuertx ]opm;
oecneue nemn ocryn x oxymerannn narornopnrento crpyxrypt
esanncnmo or ee xenanx. ocran orxptro oxymerannn mnpe, uem aop
oxsarenttx yuertx n oruertx oxymeron;
nyrpen n nemn xorpont nnnnnpyercx xax nsne, rax n camo
narornopnrento crpyxrypo;
143
- cosamrcx npo]eccnoantte oenenx, sanmammnecx nponepxamn n
oneoutmn nccneonanxmn.
pnmeene mexansmon npospauocrn onxo trt oecneueo saxooarento.
axomy ns nepeuncnetx ntme nyxron coornercrnymr onpeenete npanonte
opmt, raparnpymmne nepene mexansmon npospauocrn n eoxonmym samnry
noxorponto crpyxrypt.
acroxmee npemx rpern cexrop e onaaer n omeannoanttm nepnonuecxnm
nsanem, eoxonmocrt xoroporo nectma axryanta, n, xoropoe morno t
coecrnonart oennrenttm reennxm.
asnnrne narornopnrentocrn - +ro e rontxo ornercrneocrt omecrna n
rocyapcrna. mecrnete oenenx oxsat camocroxrento cenart pemammne
marn, xoropte sarem onxt trt +]]exrnno n npoymao noepxat
rocyapcrnom.
npeenene n nponecce nccneonanx eocrarxon yxranrepcxoro yuera n
omecrnetx oenenxx n aete nyrn nx ycrpaenx, nosnonnno anropam
ncceprannn paspaorart meronuecxne pexomeannn no yuery nenentx oxoon n
pacxoon n omecrneom oenenn.
ate pexomeannn tnn anponponat n pxe ecrnymmnx omecrnetx
oenen nxeropocxo, opoexcxo n nanmnpcxo onacrn, n uacrocrn,
expernoantax monoexax omecrneax narornopnrentax opransannx
onoexoe npanosamnroe nnxene, n ee orenenx n opoexe, nxem
onropoe, nanmnpe, nanmnpcxoe pernoantoe orenene omecrneo
narornopnrento opransannn ncrema xoopnar, opoexcxn xny
xypanncron n p.
aspaorate amn a ocone atx reopernuecxoro n npaxrnuecxoro
nccneonanx pexomeannn no yuery oxoon n pacxoon n omecrnetx
oenenxx, a npaxrnxe nosnonxr cnoenpemeo n n nonom oeme ocymecrnnxrt
xorpont xax sa cmero oenenx n nenom, rax n cmeramn orenttx
nporpamm/npoexron, rem camtm, xorponnpyx exrentocrt xaxoro
144
nopasenenx, ]opmnpymr asy nx nponeenx ]naconoro aannsa
exrentocrn oenenx n orenttx ee nnon.
145
01
pomno onee ecxrn ner or art npnxrnx ocontx ]eepanttx saxooa-
renttx axron, perynnpymmnx exrentocrt omecrnetx opransann. nooa
exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen n npano rpaxa a oenene
raparnponat ocrnrynne occncxo eepannn, ]eepanttmn saxoamn
omecrnetx oenenxx, exommepuecxnx opransannxx,
narornopnrento exrentocrn n narornopnrenttx opransannxx n p., nmeo
+rn npanonte axrt nernn n ocony saxooarentoro perynnponanx exrentocrn
erocyapcrnetx omecrnetx oenen, n rom uncne narornopnrenttx.
a npomemne rot cexrop omecrnetx oenen saunrento ntpoc n
yxpennncx n +xoomnxe occnn, cran nrpart cymecrneym pont n omecrneo xnsn
crpat n pemenn acymtx connanto-+xoomnuecxnx nponem, axonnncx
cymecrnet ontr npanonpnmenrento npaxrnxn n ncnontsonanx ecrnymmero
saxooarentcrna. ro xe npemx, pacmnpene uncna n moroopasnx omecrnetx
oenen, pasnnrne pasnnutx nnon nx exrentocrn n noxnnene ontx
ncrounxon ee ]nacnponanx, rpeymr ontx noxoon x saxooarentcrny,
pernamernpymmemy nopxox neenx yxranrepcxoro yuera nx ]nacono-
xosxcrneo exrentocrn. axooarentcrno occnn o omecrnetx oenenxx
n narornopnrento exrentocrn nmeer onpeenete eocrarxn, orpnnarento
nnnxmmne a npaxrnxy, n, n xoeuom cuere, a ocronepocrt yxranrepcxo
n]opmannn.
s osopa saxooarenttx axron, anropt saxnmunnn, uro npnxrte
saxooarentcrnom xnaccn]nxannn ncrounxon ]nacnponanx, xorx n nmemr
pernoantte pasnnunx, nce xe paspaartnannct xax cpecrno caxnnonponatx
nocrynnen n xorponx sa atmn nocrynnenxmn. axo, mt nonaraem, uro +rn
rpannnote ]naconte xnaccn]nxannn, xorx n ntnonxmr xoxperym ]yxnnm,
ouet orpanuet nx nene ome onexn ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn
omecrnetx oenen.
146
erox n yuere n oruerocrn omecrnetx oenen er ocrarouo uerxoro
pasenenx ocono exommepuecxo n paspemeo saxoom npenpnnmarentcxo
ycrano exrentocrn (no exrentocrn npnocxme oxo), aoe npornnopeune
nrepecon saxooarentcrna n omecrnetx oenen, npnnonr x
morouncnetm nponemam, xax nx nx camnx, norpenrene connanttx ycnyr n
xeprnonarene, rax n nx opraon rocyapcrneoro asopa. axo noxo npnnonr x
romy, uro omecrnete oenenx ntyxet orxastnartcx or oxasanx
nosmestx ycnyr. pesyntrare uero, cymecrneo coxpamamrcx ncrounxn nx nenenoro
]nacnponanx n nosmoxocrn nx camo]nacnponanx ocono ycrano
exrentocrn, uro noptnaer nx ]naconym ycrounnocrt n ntyxaer nepexonrt a
enpo]eccnoantym, nonocrtm oponontuecxym exrentocrt, a +ro cymecrneo
ymetmaer nosmoxocrn omecrnetx oenen n pemenn connanttx nponem
occnn.
eocrarouo nsyuet acnexrt ]opmnponanx yuero nonnrnxn n onacrn
yxranrepcxoro yuera cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx n oxoon or no,
npnocxme oxo exrentocrn, onpeenenx n pxe cnyuaen momera orpaxenx
nenentx oxoon, nponeenx nnerapnsannn esnosmeso nocrynnnmero nmymecrna
n nmymecrna, ncnontsyemoro nx neenx npenpnnmarentcxo ycrano
exrentocrn. ponox aanns ncrounxon, mt ormernnn, uro nponecc ]opmnponanx
rpa]nxa oxymerooopora c yuerom cnenn]nxn exrentocrn omecrnetx
opransann nopoo e nsyue. rcyrcrnymr yn]nnnponate ]opmt oxymeron
no yuery nenentx nocrynnen omecrneoro oenenx, e ocrarouo onpeene
nx cocran.
npaxrnxe omecrnetx oenen, sanmammnxcx narornopnrentocrtm,
anonee uacro nosnxamr nonpoct orpaxenx n yuere n cmere oxoon n pacxoon
oenenx n]opmannn o cronmocrn nxnaa oponontnen (nonorepon). a
conpemeom +rane pasnnrnx narornopnrentoro nnxenx mt nonaraem, uro yer
npanomepo mpnnuecxn npnpanxrt oponontnen x aemtm paornxam, uro
oxsyer narornopnrentoe omecrneoe
147
oenene saxnmuart c nmn rpyono oronop n nosnonnr ynopxounrt yuer
oponontuecxoro rpya, necrn ero +xnnnaner n oxot n pacxot oenenx,
samnrnrt rpyonte npana oponontnen.
nnpaxct a aanns opmarnntx n nnreparyptx ncrounxon, moxo ntennrt na
napnara yuera nenentx pacxoon a cuerax yxranrepcxoro yuera: c ncnontsonanem
cuera 20 conoe nponsnocrno n enocpecrneo a cuere 86 Henenoe
]nacnponane. acroxmee npemx orcyrcrnymr aannrnuecxne perncrpt nx yuera
nenentx pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx.
onepmecrnonane yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx nmeer cnon
ocoeocrn, xoropte oycnonnet annunem pasnnutx anpannen exrentocrn,
crpyxrypo, reppnropnanto cnenn]nxo exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen.
rparernuecxoe anpannene pasnnrnx nonnrnxn n oromenn narornopnrenttx
omecrnetx oenen onxo npeycmarpnnart uerxoe pasenene ocono n
npenpnnmarentcxo ycrano exrentocrn, orecene uacrn npntnn or nnartx
ycnyr x nenentm nocrynnenxm, npn nontmenn xorponx sa nenentm pacxoonanem
cpecrn n nontmenn npospauocrn oruerocrn. yxranrepcxn yuer n oruerocrt
cneyer crponrt raxnm opasom, urot oecneunrt nponepxy npannntocrn
ncnontsonanx ntror, n rom uncne esanncnmtmn anmarenxmn.
poneete amn nccneonanx n pxe omecrnetx oenen, noxasann
ouennym esaxoueocrt ayuoro nsyuenx n ooconanx, xax reopernuecxnx, rax
n npaxrnuecxnx nonpocon opransannn yxranrepcxoro yuera n nyrpeero xorponx
nenentx oxoon n pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx, uro nouepxnnaer
axryantocrt ntpao remt ncceprannooro nccneonanx n cnnerentcrnyer o ee
npaxrnuecxo saunmocrn.
ncremt noxo x nsyuenm cnenn]nxn exrentocrn nccneyemtx oexron an
nosmoxocrt onpeennrt oconte anpannenx conepmecrnonanx yxranrepcxoro
yuera oxoon n pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx.
148
tnot no nponeeomy ncceprannoomy nccneonanm coepxar
cneymmne nonoxenx:
1. ycnonnxx ptouoro perynnponanx xosxcrnetx oromen nororonxa
pemen o ncrounxax ]nacnponanx exrentocrn n ncnontsonann cpecrn
nenenoro asauenx rpeyer antemero pasnnrnx orpacnenoro yxranrepcxoro yuera.
e paspaoran orenttx npnnnnon yuera nx pasnnutx nnon omecrnetx
oenen, xoropte yunrtnann t cnenn]nuecxn craryc raxoro poa cyexron
xosxcrnonanx, xeprnonarenn, norpenrenn connanttx ycnyr n rocyapcrnete
oprat pncxymr nonyunrt or raxnx opransann eaexnarym ]naconym
n]opmannm.
2.112 neene n npaxrnxy pexomeann no cocrannenm pasnnuoro yponx cmer, c
yuerom npenoxeo cnennannsnponao eranto omexnarypt crare, n orueron
no ncnonenm cmer, opnernponatx a orpacnenym cnenn]nxy exrentocrn
omecrnetx oenen cnococrnyer nontmenm +]]exrnnocrn oneparnnoro
nyrpnxosxcrneoro xorponx ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn atx
oenen.
2.113 ecrnymmax npaxrnxa yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx
anpannea a eooconaoe yxpynene yuertx oexron, uro xnnxercx cnecrnnem
eocrarouo ocronepocrn n oexrnnocrn yuero n]opmannn. o+romy
ocontm anpannenem conepmecrnonanx yueroro nponecca n omecrnetx
oenenxx eoxonmo npnsart oecneuene yxranrepcxoro xorponx sa
coornercrnnem ]axrnuecxnx pacxoon cmertm.
2.114 onepmecrnonane yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx nmeer
cnon ocoeocrn, xoropte oycnonnet annunem pasnnutx anpannen
exrentocrn, opransannoo-npanono ]opmo n crpyxrypo omecrneoro
oenenx, +nemert meronxn neenx xoroporo, amnn cnoe orpaxene n
ncceprannn n anrope]epare.
2.115 nx yxranrepcxoro yuera nenentx oxoon n pacxoon
omecrnetx oenen nenecoopaso npnmexrt
npenaraemte amn yconepmecrnonate ]opmt nepnnutx oxymeron yuera
nenentx oxoon, a c nentm xomnnexcoro oomenx n]opmannn o nx
ncnontsonann- perncrpon aannrnuecxoro yuera.
npoannx atx ncceprannoo paort n omecrnetx oenenxx
nxeropocxo, opoexcxo n nanmnpcxo onacrn (expernoantax
149
monoexax omecrneax narornopnrentax opransannx onoexoe
npanosamnroe nnxene, n ee orenenx n opoexe, nxem onropoe,
nanmnpe, nanmnpcxoe pernoantoe orenene omecrneo narornopnrento
opransannn ncrema xoopnar, opoexcxn xny xypanncron) n p.,
nornepnna nx ooconaocrt, uro nosnonxer pexomeonart oconte nonoxenx no
conepmecrnonanm yxranrepcxoro yuera oxoon n pacxoon nx ncnontsonanx n
pyrnx omecrnetx oenenxx. penoxenx no conepmecrnonanm
yxranrepcxoro yuera n omecrnetx oenenxx moryr trt ncnontsonat n
exommepuecxnx opransannxx pyrnx opransannoo-npanontx ]opm.
neene n npaxrnxy pexomeann no cocrannenm cmer, ]opmnponanm yuero
nonnrnxn n npenoxen no conepmecrnonanm yxranrepcxoro yuera oxoon n
pacxoon n omecrnetx oenenxx yer cnococrnonart nontmenm
ocronepocrn n]opmannn nx npnxrnx ynpanneuecxnx pemen n nontmenm
+]]exrnnocrn ]nacono-xosxcrneo exrentocrn atx oenen.
150
3+ 45
2.116 ocrnrynnx occncxo eepannn: pnxra a nceapoom
ronoconann 12 exapx 1993 r.// occncxax rasera. - 1993. - 25 exapx.
2.117 paxacxn xoexc occncxo eepannn (uacrt nepnax) (n pe. or
05.02.2007).//panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.118 paxacxn xoexc occncxo eepannn (uacrt nropax) (n pe. or
26.01.2007).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.119 anoront xoexc occncxo eepannn (uacrt nepnax) (n pe. or
30.12.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.120 anoront xoexc occncxo eepannn (uacrt nropax) (n pe. or
30.12.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.121 eepantt saxo opasonann or 10 nmnx 1992r. N 3266-1 (n pe. or
09.02.2007).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.122 eepantt saxo npnmeenn xorponto-xaccontx mamn npn
ocymecrnnenn eextx pacueron c acenenem or 18 nmx 1993r. N5215-1.//
panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.123 eepantt saxo omecrnetx oenenxx or 19 max 1995 r. N
82- (n pe. or 02.02.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
2.124 eepantt saxo rocyapcrneo noepxxe monoextx n ercxnx
omecrnetx oenen or 28 nmx 1995 r. N 98- (n pe. or 22.08.2004).//
panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
R.eepantt saxo pexname or 18 nmnx 1//,! N 108- (pe. or
21.07.2005).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 11.eepantt saxo
narornopnrento exrentocrn n
narornopnrenttx opransannxx or 11 anrycra 1995r. N 135- (n pe.
or 30.12.2006)7/ panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 12.eepantt saxo
exommepuecxnx opransannxx or 12 xnapx
1996 r. N 7-.//opane saxooarentcrna - 1996. - N3.
151
13.eepantt saxo yxranrepcxom yuere or 21 oxpx 1996 r. N 129- (n
pe. or 03.11.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
.eepantt saxo esnosmeso nomomn (coecrnnn) occncxo
eepannn n necenn nsmeen n ononen n orentte saxooarentte
axrt occncxo eepannn o anorax n o ycraonnenn ntror no nnarexam n
rocyapcrnete nemxerte ]ot n cnxsn c ocymecrnnenem esnosmeso
nomomn (coecrnnx) occncxo eepannn or 04 max 1999 r. N 95- (n pe.
or 22.08.2004).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
15.eepantt saxo aynropcxo exrentocrn or 07 anrycra 2001 r. N 119-
(n pe. or 03.11.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
I.eepanttm saxo npnmeenn xorponto-xaccono rexnxn npn
ocymecrnnenn annutx eextx pacueron n (nnn) pacueron c ncnontsonanem
nnarextx xapr or 22 max 2003r. N54-.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar
nmc.
17.eepantt saxo pexname or 13 mapra 2006r. N38-3 (pe. or
09.02.2007).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
18.axo nxeropocxo onacrn narornopnrento exrentocrn or 26
]enpanx 2002 r. N 9-3 (n pe. or 28.09.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar
nmc.
19.na cueron yxranrepcxoro yuera xosxcrneo exrentocrn opransann n
ncrpyxnnx no ero npnmeenm, yrn. pnxasom n]na or 31.10.2000
N94.//panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
20.onoxene no neenm yxranrepcxoro yuera n oruerocrn n occncxo
eepannn, yrn. pnxasom n]na or 29 nmnx 1998 r. N 34.// panonax
cncrema; ocyntrar nmc.
21 .onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 1/98 "uerax nonnrnxa opransann", yrn.
pnxasom n]na or 09.12.1998 N60 (n pe. or 30.12.1999).// panonax
cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
152
22.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 2/94 "uer oronopon (xorpaxron) a
xannrantoe crponrentcrno", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 29.12.1994 N167.//
panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
23.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 3/06 "uer axrnnon n oxsarentcrn,
cronmocrt xoroptx ntpaxea n nocrpao nanmre" , yrn. pnxasom
n]na or 27.11.06 N 154.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
24.onoxenc no yxranrepcxomy yuery 4/99 "yxranrepcxax oruerocrt
opransannn", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 06.07.1999 N43 (n pe. or
18.09.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
25 .onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 5/01 "uer marepnanto-nponsnocrnetx
sanacon", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 09.06.2001 N44 (n pe. or 27.11.2006).//
panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
26.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 6/01 "uer ocontx cpecrn", yrn.
pnxasom n]na or 30.03.2001 N26 (n pe. or 27.11.2006).// panonax
cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
27.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 7/98 "otrnx nocne oruero art", yrn.
pnxasom n]na or 25.11.1998 N56.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
28.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 8/01 "cnonte ]axrt xosxcrneo
exrentocrn", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 28.11.2001 N96 (n pe. or
18.09.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
29.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 9/99 "oxot opransannn", yrn. pnxasom
n]na or 06.05.1999 N32 (n pe. or 27.11.2006).// panonax cncrema:
ocyntrar nmc.
.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 10/99 "acxot opransannn", yrn.
pnxasom n]na or 06.05.1999 N33 (n pe. or 27.11.2006).// panonax
cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
31 .onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 11 /00 "]opmannx o a]]nnnponatx
nnnax", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 13.01.2000 N 5 (n pe. or 30.03.2001).//
panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
153
32.onoxenc no yxranrepcxomy yuery 12/00 "]opmannx no cermeram", yrn.
pnxasom n]na or 27.01.2000 N 11 (n pe. or 18.09.2006)).// panonax cncrema:
ocyntrar nmc. .onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 13/00 "uer
rocyapcrneo nomomn", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 16.10.2000 N92 (n pe.
or 18.09.2006).//panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 34.onoxenc no
yxranrepcxomy yuery 14/00 "uer emarepnanttx axrnnon", yrn. pnxasom
n]na or 16.10.2000 N91 (n pe. or 27.11.2006).//panonax cncrema:
ocyntrar nmc. 35.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 15/01 "uer samon n
xpenron n sarpar no nx ocnyxnnanm", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 02.08.2001
N60 (n pe. or 27.11.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. .onoxene
no yxranrepcxomy yuery 16/02 "pexpamaemax exrentocrt", yrn.
pnxasom n]na or 02.07.2002 N66 (n pe. or 18.09.2006).// panonax cncrema:
ocyntrar nmc. 37.onoxenc no yxranrepcxomy yuery 17/02 "uer pacxoon a
ayuo-nccneonarentcxne, ontro-xocrpyxropcxne n rexonornuecxne paort",
yrn. pnxasom n]na or 19.11.2002 N11 (n pe. or 18.09.2006).// panonax
cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 38.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 18/02 "uer
pacueron no anory a npntnt", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 19.11.2002 N114.//
panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 39.onoxene no yxranrepcxomy yuery 19/02
"uer ]nacontx nnoxen", yrn. pnxasom n]na or 10.12.2002 N126 (n pe.
or 27.11.2006).// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 40.onoxene no
yxranrepcxomy yuery 20/03 "]opmannx o yuacrnn n conmecro exrentocrn",
yrn. pnxasom n]na or 24.11.2003 N105 (n pe. or 18.09.2006).// panonax
cncrema: ocyntrar nmc. 41.ocraonnene pannrentcrna occncxo
eepannn or 17 cerxpx 1999 r. N 1046 yrnepxenn nopxxa perncrpannn
npoexron n
154
nporpamm rexnuecxo nomomn (coecrnnx), ntaun yocronepen,
nornepxammnx npnanexocrt cpecrn, ronapon, paor n ycnyr x
rexnuecxo nomomn (coecrnnm), a raxxe ocymecrnnenx xorponx sa ee
nenentm ncnontsonanem.// opane saxooarentcrna . - 1999. -N39.
42.ocraonnene pannrentcrna occncxo eepannn or 24 exapx 2002 r. N
923 nepeue nocrpatx n mexyapotx opransann, rpart xoroptx e
yunrtnamrcx n nenxx anoroonoxenx n oxoax poccncxnx opransann -
nonyuarene rparon.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
43.ocraonnene pannrentcrna occncxo eepannn or 23 nmnx 2004 r. N 377
yrnepxenn onoxenx o omnccnn no nonpocam mexyapoo
rymanrapo n rexnuecxo nomomn npn pannrentcrne occncxo
eepannn.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
44.0 ]opmax yxranrepcxo oruerocrn opransann, yrn. pnxasom n]na or
22.07.2003 N67.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
45.opxox neenx xaccontx onepann n , yrn. pemenem onera npexropon
H or 22.09.1993 r. N 40.// panonax cncrema: ocyntrar nmc.
46.pocnmona .. narornopnrenttx opransannxx n // ocyapcrno n
npano. - 1992. - N1. - .24-17
47.pocnmona .. Rpnnuecxne acnexrt exrentocrn exommepuecxnx
opransann: nonpoct n ornert. - : s-no apc, 2000. - 230 c.
48.ranon .. exoropte nponemt n]opmannoo-npanonoro oecneuenx
exrentocrn omecrnetx oenen n occncxo eepannn //
ocyapcrno n npano. - 1994. - N2. - .98-105.
49.ranon .. coeocrn yuera n anoroonoxenx erocyapcrnetx
opasonarenttx yupexen // yxranrepcxn necrnx. - 2000. - N5. -.24-26.
155
50.xryantte npanonte nponemt pasnnrnx n pernoax occnn //
arepnant xo]epennn mpncron exommepuecxnx opransann,
cocroxnmecx n ocxne 28-29 xnapx 2002 roa. - .:000 apr. -
2002.-282 c. 51.axaen .. n p. yxranrepcxn yuer: uenx /.. axaen,
..
espyxnx, .. pynencxn n p./ o pe. .. espyxnx. 5-e ns.
.: yxranrepcxn yuer, 2004. 736 c. 52.axaen .. onxont
yxranrepcxn cnonapt. .: s-no
"yxranrepcxn yuer", 2006. 176 c. 53.arypna . annran, pesepnt,
]ot n exrentocrn n yuere //
exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - 2005. - N2. - .21-29. 54.arypna ..
mecrnete opransannn n yuer n nx: ncropnuecxn
osop// exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - 2004. - N5. - . 15-22.
55.arypna .. uerax nonnrnxa: ornnunx xommepuecxoro n
exommepuecxoro yuera // exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - 2003.
-N6.-.31-38. 56.arypna .. Rpnnuecxne acnexrt exrentocrn
exommepuecxnx
opransann // exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - 2003. - N1. -
.20-31. 57.espyxnx ., namxennu .. n p. yxranrepcxn yur: uenx. -
2-oe
ns. - .: yxranrepcxn yur, 1996. - 576 c. 58.naron . . ueronocrno
omecrnetx xosxcrn. -: sarentcxn
xooneparnnt coms, 1924.-220c. 59.orarax .., Xaxoona ..
yxranrepcxn yuer. - ocron /:
enxc, 2004. - 796 c. .ponxna .. yxranrepcxn yuer n exommepuecxnx
opransannxx: rpeonanx mexyapotx craapron n sapyext ontr
// exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. -2001. -N 5.-.8-13.
156
I.ponxna .., axmapna .. yxranrepy exommepuecxo opransannn:
ocoeocrn nponeenx aynra // naconax rasera. - ernoantt
ntnycx. - 2000. - N 26. - .3-6. 62.ponxna . yxranrepcxn yuer n
exommepuecxnx opransannxx:
nosmoxt napnart // 3xoomnxa n xnst. - yxranrepcxoe . - 2000. - N
22.-.6-7. 63.pomnn . uenx no saxooarentcrny n onacrn
narornopnrentocrn
aat. - axynep, 1997. - 332 c. 64.aep nanmnp opxuax ecxrxa
ncrpymeron poccncxoro
]apasepa. - .: o rparernx, 2000. - 107 c. 65.amexo ..
pransannote n +xoomnuecxne ]axropt pasnnrnx
xooneparnnoro opasonanx. ncc. ...x.+.. 08.00.05. - .:, 1997. -
160 c. .xna erocyapcrnetx exommepuecxnx opransann n
pemene
connanttx nponem n occnn. asnnrne connanttx ycnyr. opnx
crare n marepnanon /o pe. asaxona .. - ., 2003. - 57 c. 67.nanmnpona,
oxon .R. yxranrepcxn yuer n anoroonoxene n
exommepuecxnx opransannxx. eronuecxoe nocone nx yxranrepon n
pyxononrene omecrnetx opransann. - .,1995. - 115 c. 68.aapon ..
coeocrn opransannn yuera n narornopnrento
opransannn.//naconax occnx. - pnnoxene "uer. anorn n pano.
-1999.-N50.-.7 69.amontcxn .R. anoronte ntrort nx
xeprnonarene
narornopnrenttx nporpamm exommepuecxnx opransann //
yxranrepcxn mnneret. - 2000. - N 2. - .6 70. amontcxn .R.
exommepuecxne opransannn: anoroonoxene n
yxranrepcxn yuer n 2002 roy. ( .: s-no "yxranrepcxn yuer", 2002.
- 240 .
157
71.amontcxn .R. coeocrn yxranrepcxoro yuera n anoroonoxenx
n erocyapcrnetx opasonarenttx yupexenxx // 3xoomnxa n
xnst. - yxranrepcxoe npnnoxene. - 1999.- N 21. - .10-11 72.amontcxn .
R., onmacona . . exommepuecxne opransannn;
yxranrepcxn yuer, anoroonoxene n npanono craryc. - .: s-no
"yxranrepcxn yuer", 2004. - 400 c. 73.erent ... nnoco]nx npana. - .:
tcnt, 1990. - 524 c. 74.paxacxn ]opym. o cnycrx. - ., 2003. - 84 c.
75.mxapen . n p. onnantt mapxernr nx exommepuecxnx
opransann. paxrnuecxoe nocone./mxapen ., oxc . ., Xonmc .,
3ep .. - .:Herp pasnnrnx opasonanx, 2000. - 196 c. 76.]nmon ..
Henenoe ]nacnponane, xax cnoco nrerpannn
omecrnetx nponeccon // exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. -
2005.-N4. -.5-8. 77.nntnon .. 3xoomnxa omecrneoro cexropa n
exommepuecxnx
opransann: ueoe nocone. - .: s-no , 1995. - 185 c. 78.axaptn ..
yxranrepcxn yuer n anoroonoxene exommepuecxn
opransann. - .: anoront necrnx, 2003. - 224 c. 79.namxennu . .,
ynnxona . . yxranrepcxoe eno. - .: 3xoomncra,
2007.-523 c. 80.nuexo . penpnnmarentcxax exrentocrt
exommepuecxnx
opransann nnpcxoro pernoa. ouxa onopt. - onocnnpcx, 2000. -
83 c. 81.annaa .. yxranrepcxn yuer oxoon n pacxoon n
erocyapcrnetx opasonarenttx yupexenxx., ncc. ...x.+..;
08.00.12.-., 2002.-156 c. 82. osnona .., auexo .., anana ..
yxranrepcxn yuer n
opransannxx. - .: nact n crarncrnxa, 2001. - 720 c.
158
2.125 ommerapnn x onomy nnay cueron yxranrepcxoro yuera/.. axaen, ..
nsnxoncxn, .. crponcxn n p./ o pe. .. axaena. - .:
]opmannooe arercrno - , 2001. - 435 c.
2.126 ommerapn x eepantomy saxoy omecrnetx oenenxx.
- .: -pnr, 1996. - 160 c.
85.ommerapn x eepantomy saxoy narornopnrento exrentocrn n
narornopnrenttx opransannxx - .: -pnr, 1996.-136 c.
86.ommerapn x eepantomy saxoy exommepuecxnx opransannxx
- .: -pnr, 1996. - 136 c.
87.opaxon .. yxranrepcxn yuer: yueoe nocone. - 3-e ns. - .:
-,2001.-635c. 88.omxna .. exoroptx ocoeocrxx
anoroonoxenx n
yxranrepcxoro yuera cpecrn nenenoro ]nacnponanx, nocrynammnx n
apec exommepuecxnx opransann // exommepuecxne opransannn n
occnn. -2003. - N1. - .32-37. 89. omxna .. coeocrn ]opmnponanx
anacono cronmocrn
ocontx cpecrn n exommepuecxnx opransannxx // exommepuecxne
opransannn n occnn. - 2003. - N4. - . 12-19. 90.ypxnnena ..
arepnantax ocona exrentocrn omecrnetx
opransann a conpemeom +rane: panono acnexr. - : ayxa. - 1998.
-172c. 91.ypxnnena .. mymecrnete npana opraon omecomstx ]oon n
nnxen // onercxoe rocyapcrno n npano. - 1990. - N4. - c.47-52. 92.ysn ..
anarcxax ncceprannx. eronxa anncanx, npannna
o]opmnenx n nopxox samnrt. paxrnuecxoe nocone nx acnnparon n
concxarene yueo crenen. - .: ct-89. - 1997. - 208c. 93.yrep .. eopnx
yxranrepcxoro yuera. uenx nx on. - .:
nact n rarncrnxa, 2004. - 591 c.
159
94.apnoon . ., eunrano . . yxranrepcxn yuer. - .: pocnexr,
2007. - 360 c. 95.onarnxon .., opnrec-eac ..
anoroonoxene n
yxranrepcxax oruerocrt exommepuecxnx opransann // ynropcxne
neomocrn.- 1999. -N1. -.30-35. 96.mymn .. n p. eopnx yxranrepcxoro
yuera: ueoe nocone nx
yson/ .. mymn, .. apnon, .. opona./ o pe. npo].
.. mymna. - .: Rnrn - , 2002. - . 312. 97.axantcxax ..,
npoxxona .. exommepuecxne opransannn n
occnn. osane. pana. anorn. uer. ruerocrt. - 5-e ns. - .: .
-2001.-768c. 98.axantcxax .. amoyunrent no yxranrepcxomy
yuery n
exommepuecxnx opransannxx. - .: , 2006. - 144 c. 99.axapucna ..
crounxn ]nacnponanx ntcmnx yuetx saneen
n occnn., ncc. ....3..: 08.00.05. - aparon. - 1998.
2.127 axonenxn .., nontcxax .. exommepuecxne opransannn;
perncrpannx, npanono craryc, anoroonoxene. paxrnuecxoe nocone. -.-
2000. -80c.
2.128 arneen R. exommepuecxne opransannn. - : eparop, 2004. -354 c.
2.129 arepnant exyapoo xo]epennn narornopnrenttx ]oon n
opransann paxacxoe omecrno n narornopnrentocrt or 23-27 oxrxpx
1995r. - xarepnypr. - 1995. - 76c.
2.130 arepnant cemnapa-npaxrnxyma 3]]exrnnoe pyxonocrno
exommepuecxo opransanne. ocone nx yuacrnxon. - .:o aprep.
- Conterpart Intern. - 1999. - 124c.
2.131 arepnant exyapoo xo]epennn asnnrne nnartx ycnyr - nyrt
x ]nacono esanncnmocrn or 9-11 ]enpanx 2000r. -onocnnpcx. - 2000. - 201
c.
160
2.132 entnx .., yxranrepcxn yuer: yuenx/ o pe. npo]. ..
entnx, npo]. .. nsnxoncxoro. - : 3xoomncrt, 2006 - 383 c.
2.133 entnx .. ayuax xnst. // ynropcxne neomocrn. - 2006. -N3.-
.81-83
2.134 nsnxoncxn .. yxranrepcxn yuer: oppecnoennx cueron. -.:
nact n crarncrnxa, 1999. - 544 c.
2.135 npoona, . . Xaa]een .. anoronoe amnncrpnponane: yue.
nocone. - .: mera-, 2005. - 408 c.
2.136 ocxanena .. coeocrn xospacuero exrentocrn npenpnxrn
enponsnocrneo c]ept. ueoe nocone. - .: s-no .-1987.-124 c.
. ynnnnantt rpar n ropoe mmen/ ocrannrenn: .. oxo, ..
ypouxna n p.; no ome pe. .. epertena. - onocnnpcx: nnpcxn
nerp noepxxn omecrnetx nnnnarnn. - 1999. - 54 c.
2.137 aptmxna .. : ocyapcrno n uacrt cexrop. paxacxo-
npanonte oromenx. - .: Rpnnuecxax nnreparypa. - 1976. - 128 c.
2.138 acrontax xnra nnepa : eronuecxoe nocone./ nrop-
cocrannrent ..anxona. - epmt:pantcxn nerp noepxxn . -2000.-
187 c.
2.139 nxnrn .. uer n anoroonoxene n exommepuecxnx opransannxx //
nanyx. - 1999. - N 24. - . 22-29.
2.140 ononopcxn .. ep]nnten, . . pnsaxn
npenpnnmarentcxo exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann //
exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - 2004. - N3. - . 26-33.
2.141 ann . . onpemet yxranrepcxn yuer. - .:s-no
"yxranrepcxn yuer
1
', 2003. - 792 c.
2.142 ann . ., ann . . nacont yuer: ueoe nocone.- 2- e ns. -
.: -, 2001. - 672 c.
2.143 erpona .., ycaxon , yrpen xorpont sa ]nacontm
cocroxnem opransannn. - .: apxernr, 2005. - 283 c.
161
2.144 erpona .., pemn .. nsnronte onepannn: npanonoe perynnponane,
yuer n anoroonoxene // yxranrepcxn yuer. - 1999. -N10.-C.18-25
2.145 erpona .., axoncxax .. crnrynnoannsm n ]opmnponane
yxranrepcxoro yuera n occnn // ynropcxne neomocrn. - 2005. - N 7. -. 23-31
2.146 onoxene ere n monoexn n occnn. ponemt, nonnrnxa,
narornopnrentax exrentocrt. sop. - .,1998. - 80 c.
2.147 oomapen .. coeocrn yxranrepcxoro yuera n anoroonoxenx n
omecrnetx n pyrnx exommepuecxnx opransannxx // ocyntrar. - 2000. - N
7. - .32-36.
2.148 xron .. pnmeene saxooarentcrna n yxranrepcxo npaxrnxe.
.: yxranrepcxn yuer. - 2002. - 367 c.
2.149 aauncxn .. yxranrepcxn yuer n exommepuecxnx opransannxx. -
"nt]a-pecc", 2005. - 256 c.
2.150 occncxn crarncrnuecxn exeronx. 2005.: rar. c./ ocxomcrar
occnn.-., 2005.-703 c.
2.151 yanoncxn .. pnnnnt omecrneoro cueroneenx. . -1913.-
238 c.
2.152 yxonocrno no paspaorxe n npnmeenm saxoon, perynnpymmnx
exrentocrt enpannrentcrnetx opransann (poexr nx ocyxenx)./ ep.
c. arn. .. oxoorona. - amnrro: cemnpt ax.-1997.-139 c.
2.153 txona .. mymecrno exommepuecxnx opransann n ntrort nx
xommepuecxnx crpyxryp, yuacrnymmnx n ero ]opmnponann // onpemet
yxyuer. - 2000. - N 1.-. 11-17.
2.154 opnx marepnanon n oxymeron n noepxxy narornopnrentocrn
xonnexrnn anropon-cocrannrene: artxa opona, axcnm ontron, nexce
pmxon, nxrop crpexo, ntra npoxxona, artxa nxanona, en nocepr. -
cxon, 2000. - 330 c.
162
2.155 nopxna . . paxrnuecxoe nocone no yxranrepcxomy yuery n
anoroonoxenm omecrnetx oenen. - .: . - 1996. -164 c.
2.156 xpnxanna .. trort, npeocrannxemte exommepuecxnm
opransannxm, nonyuammnm cpecrna n nne nenentx nsocon // yxranrepcxn
necrnx. - 2000. - N 1. - . 36-42.
2.157 osane exommepuecxo opransannn () n ee nepnte marn.
paxrnuecxoe nocone./ nropt-cocrannrenn: .. axonnu, .. axonnu. -
nannocrox, 2002. - 226 c.
2.158 oxonon ,. uera yxranrepcxoro yuera: coepxane n npnmeene/ E!!
oxonon, !! arpon, .. apsaena. - .: nact n rarncrnxa, 2006. - 576 c.
2.159 npanounx xoppecnoennn cueron yxranrepcxoro yuera /..axaen,
.. nsnxoncxn, .. crponcxn, .. ema n p./ o om. pe.
axaena .. - .: ]opmannooe arercrno -, 2002. - 608 c.
2.160 epemexo .R. panonte acnexrt cosanx exommepuecxnx
opransann. - .: C, 2003. - 124 c.
2.161 onmacona .. ponemt anoroonoxenx exommepuecxnx opransann.
- .: cnexr pecc, 2003. - 175 c.
2.162 naconoe ynpannene : xypc nexnn. xona ynpannenx .
nra /o.pe.Herpa noepxxn . - .:s-noo3, 2002.-288c.
2.163 Xonxnc .. ax cosart enpntntym opransannm n ynpannxrt em
(mpnnuecxoe pyxonocrno). - .: onpnuacrocrt-Rare + repemn,
1991.-221 c.
2.164 Hnpyntnxon .. eene naccnno +xoomnuecxo exrentocrn
// exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - 2004. -N3.-. 23-28.
163
2.165 epera .. panonoe nonoxene narornopnrenttx opransann
//exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn.-2003. -N5.-. 30-33.
2.166 ycn .. nact nx : xomy ocrayrcx pecypct // exommepuecxne
opransannn n occnn. -2004. -N1. -. 10-17.
2.167 cxona .. nonpocy o onrnmnsannn crpyxrypt xannrana
exommepuecxo opransannn // nacont meexmer. - 2002. - N5. -. 20-25.
2.168 ema .. exomeannn no nepexoy a ont na ueron. -.:
s-no "yxranrepcxn yuer", 2001.-96 c.
2.169 yrpn .. Henenoe ]nacnponane (rpart) n npenpnnmarentcxax
exrentocrn exommepuecxnx opransann. eronuecxoe nocone. sane
nropoe, ncnpanneoe n ononeoe. -onocnnpcx: ocyntrannot
nerp no npany n anoroonoxenm, 2001. - 182 c.
2.170 Rptena .. enpntntt cexrop (antreparnna nsecy n rocyapcrny).
- ., 1994. - 209 c.
2.171 Rptena .. 3xoomnxa exommepuecxnx opransann. ueoe nocone. -
.: Rpncr, 2002. - 320 c.
2.172 Rpten !! panonoe perynnponane exrentocrn exommepuecxnx
opransann n occncxo eepannn. - : , 1999. - 322 c.
2.173 Rpten .. panono craryc omecrnetx oenen. -.,1995.-298c.
2.174 xoco .. exommepuecxn cexrop +xoomnxn: nponemt npanonoro
perynnponanx. - .: Xosxcrno n npano, 1992. - 250 c.
2.175 xonnen .. coeocrn yura nmymecrna npn ocymecrnnenn
ecxontxnx nnon exrentocrn // panonax cncrema: apar.
2.176 oncxn .. mecrneoe npnspene n narornopnrentocrt n
occnn// x.: occnx. 3nnxnonenuecxn cnonapt. -., 1991.-421 c.
164
151. exommepuecxne opransannn n occnn. - ypan; nsaercx c
2001r.
2.177 cconting Ior overnmental an NonproIit ntities, 13t eition, arl ilson
& san attels. - craw-ill. - 2004. - 172c.
2.178 eon te agic llet: N PerIomance an ccontailit in te Post-Col
ar orl. ite . wars an . lme.- . artIor: marian Press. -
220c.
2.179 inancial anagement Ior evelopment: cconting an inance Ior te Non-
specialist in evelopment rganisations (N anagement an Polic) Jon
Cammac. - PlisenlNC. - 2000. - 312c.
2.180 anagement oI Non-overnmental evelopment rganizations: n
Introction (otlege ties in te anagement oI Volntar an NonproIit
rganizations) avi Lewis. - Pliser: otlege. - 2001. - 405c.
2.181 Ns, tates an onors. ite . lme an . wars. - New-or:
t.artin's Press. - 1997. - 114c.
2.182 tatement oI inancial cconting Concepts No. 4 jectives oI inancial
eporting Nonsiness rganizations. - ecemer 1980.
2.183 tatement oI inancial cconting tanars No. 93 ecognition oI
epreciation Not-Ior-ProIit rganizations. - gst 1987. - 22c.
2.184 tatement oI inancial cconting tanars No. 99 eIerral oI te IIective
ate oI ecognition oI epreciation Not-Ior-ProIit rganizations an amenment
oI tatement No. 93. - eptemer 1988. - 56 c.
2.185 tatement oI inancial cconting tanars No. 116 cconting Ior
Contritions eceive an Contritions ae. - Jne 1993. - 78 c
2.186 tatement oI inancial cconting tanars No. 117 inancial tatements
oINot-Ior-ProIil rganizations. - Jne 1993. - 110 c
165
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80
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00
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;
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sxnantrom saxase n nxeropocxo onacrn?
60.00''.
u n;v:
40.00v
o y i\
20. Df}';
t-

poonxene apn
2.1--
. nonocrtm
, P8L..AAZ: DJ ( . o connanto" saxase?
(.0.00%; 00 00%-'
V
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I nonooxoto
4.-
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;;;; `-xm
2.0';`: ?`'\
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4.cxopna-:no`
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19. unraere ;m w. nro opr-aat nnacrn corpynuart?
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u
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pnnoxene

ua 31 ekapn 2004 .
psun 'pnn
epu kp"
pqkuu rp
nuk
pr N1 n
(p,
rnu, )
n

071000
1
20M|12|
31
866
31
52601076
43
n
p pnu neuu np p,
ek. e pp.pnnp
psu-npeen qpr qpr
e
nkR/

es
1.33
so
[\]V
pu srpn
Mp (pp)
603ODD, . . epp, . Rke,
p. 3, kpn.1, ke. 30
n
3S4

epp

npek /
npnn
^B

k
u

i 2 *
1. ueoopo1ume ak1unm
eu ppe
n psp 1
120 - 30
190 30
. pu keu
pkn spu
(n n kp pkn e
12 rnue n
pu) -iui
ppe
n psp
240 - ' 3
260 -
20 - 9
300 - 3
f-.
H O
u u
HXu Lg
H&ua
179
poonxene npnn.
pr 0710001
.2
R
p
p
k

ku

i 2 3 A
. n pspeu
neu kn
n psp (
V. pu
nsue
n psp V
V. pkpu
nsue
pppkn spu e kr
: spu npp
npr psu
spu npp
ppeur ekpur
420 - 30
40 - 30
0 - u
620 -
622 -
623 - 2
624 - 1
62 - 1
60 - S
700 - 3
| R -
. -M (
i s eu ppe 1 2|
eu p
/ inpnk)
Rppe
pue
(ruq* npn!
180
poonxene npnn.
R RRL
RRY sa nepuop
c 1 unapn no 31 ekapn 2003 r.
pr N
n
(p, rnu,
)
_______ nR

pqkuu rp nuk
kop
m
rL
n"
12
68
8831
'%8#"#
<8&7
7"
p pu np
p, ek. e pp.pnnp n
pi.ik-peen qpr
qpr
e
ep/! u u
______________psu
____________________nR/
n
p . srpn
83
1.33
M
0
Rksu
e

u

npp
up- uauueuonauue i kop
i J 4
ppe - -
Rn ppe
Rp-s 2 - 113
nn ppe 2 - 113
nuse ppe
pu ueu rpnpnn
3
1
. (116)
e r :
npep kqpu, e, 3 - (116)
Rp 3 - -
nuse ppe 3 - 116)
k ppe ku p 4 - (3)
Rppe

pue
(piu
qpu
npn)
eu

/*
kupi}
Rppe
pue
(puqpek
np)
2003
Oprh sun 'pnn epu kp*
u. p.
pnnoxene 4
pannrentax rannna oronopon noxeprnonanx n cnocopcrna

U

$;

T_

O
paxacxn xoexc occncxo
eepannn (cr.cr. 572-582),
eepantt saxo
narornopnrento exrentocrn n
narn nepnrenttx opransannxx
(cr. ! ,7 15)
oxeprnonanem npnsaercx
apene nemn nnn npana n
omenonestx nenxx.
eprnonarent n
apxemt.
oxeprnonanx moryr enartcx n
oromenn
rpaxa, neuetx,
nocnnrarenttx
yupexen, yupexen connanto
samnrt n
pmx aanornutx
yupexen,
nm m nepnrenttx, ayutx n
yuetx yupexen, ]oon, myseen
n pyrnx yupexen xyntrypt,
omecrnetx n pen nostx
opransann, a raxxe rocyapcrna,
cyo.exron , mynnnnanttx
opasonan.
emn n nmymecrnete npana,
ncxnmuax octomxene or
oxsaocrn.
pemerom oronopa
noxeprnonanx e mo:y ntcrynart
raxne oexrt rpaxacxnx np,:; xax.
anpnmep, paort nnn ycnyrn.
o'.moxo apene pesyntrara paor.
o enosmoxo apene camoro
nponecca ns oronnenx nemn n
pesyntrare paort.

eepantt saxo pexname

N38-3 or13.03.06r(n. 1,2,5,6, 8 cr. 3,
10, 14, a raxxe
cr. 39 n p.).
nocopom npnsaercx
nnno,
npeocrannnmee cpecrna nno
oecneunnmee npeocrannene
cpecrn nx opransannn n (nnn)
nponeenx cnoprnnoro, xyntryporo
nnn nmoro noro meponpnxrnx,
cosanx n (nnn) rpacnxnnn rene-
nnn panonepeaun nno cosanx n
(nnn) ncnontsonanx noro pesyntrara
rnopuecxo exrentocrn.
xauecrne cnocopa e moxer
ntcrynart ronap nnn cpecrno ero
nnnnyannsannn, a moxer trt
yxasao nno ]nsnuecxoe, nno
mpnnuecxoe nnno. axo o pexname
e sanpemaer n cnocopcxo pexname
yxastnart n]opmannm o
nponsnonmtx cnocopom ronapax.
nocopcxax exrentocrt
cnococrnyer ]opmnponanm n
nontmenm nmnxa cnocopa n
rnasax ero norennanttx xnneron.
nocop n nocnpyemt
(exnamoarent n
pexnamopacnpocrpanrent) -
mpnnuecxne n ]nsnuecxne nnna:
pexnamoarent - nsroronnrent nnn
npoanen ronapa nno noe
onpeennnmee oexr pexnamnponanx
n (nnn) coepxane pexnamt nnno;
pexnamo nponsnonrent -
nnno,
ocymec anxmmee nonocrtm nnn
uacrnuo npnneene n]opmannn n
roronym nx pacnpocrpaenx n nne
pexnamt ]opmy;
pexnamopacnpocrpanrent - nnno,
ocymecrnnxmmee pacnpocrpaene
pexnamt
nmtm cnocoom, n nmo ]opme n c
ncnontsonanem nmtx cpecrn.
nocopcxn nxna npnsaercx
nnaro sa
pexnamy, a cnocop n cnocnpyemt -
coornercrneo pexnamoarenem n
pexnam `pacnpocrpanrenem.
exnama - n]opmannx,
pacnpocrpaeax
nmtm cnocoom, n nmo ]opme n c
ncnontsonanem nmtx cpecrn,
apeconaax
eonpeeneomy xpyry nnn n
anpanneax a
npnnneue
ne
nnmanx
x oexry
pexnamnpo
nanx,
]opmnponane nnn
noepxane nrepeca x emy n ero
nponnxene a ptxe. exrom
pexnamnponanx npnsaercx ronap,
cpecrno ero nnnnyannsannn,
nsroronnrent nnn npoanen ronapa,
pesyntrart nrennexryanto
exrentocrn nno meponpnxrne (n
rom uncne cnoprmmoe copenonane,
xoxypc, p.)
182
poonxene npnn.4
poonxene ran.
ymecr-
nete
ycnonnx
*

V
a npnxrne noxeprnonanx e
rpeyercx ut.-1 o-nno paspemenx
nnn cornacnx.
I Ioxeprnonane nmymecrna
rpaxany
onxo trt, a mpnnuecxnm nnnam
moxer
t n. oycnonneo
xeprnonarenem
ncnontsonanem +roro nmymecrna no
onpeeneomy asauenm. o
moxer trt raxxe ncnontsonao no
nomy asauenm, ncnecrnne
nsmennmnxcx ocroxrentcrn, o
ronxo c cornacnx xeprnonarenx, a n
cnyuae cmeprn rpaxana-
xeprnonarenx nnn nnxnnannn
mpnnuecxoro nnna-xeprnonarenx -
n pemenm cya.
pn orcyrcrnnn raxoro ycnonnx
noxeprnonanx nmymecrna
rpaxany
cunraercx otutm apenem, a n
ocranttx
cnymx noxeprnonaoe
nmymecrno
ncnontsyercx oapxemtm c
asauenem nmmnecrna.
nnctmeo ]opme onxt
saxnmuartcx oxumpt noxeprnonanx
a cymmy onee 5 ', n xoroptx
xeprnonarenem ntcrynaer
mpnnuecxoe nnno nnn oronop
coepxnr oemane apenx n
yymem.
ce npoune peantte oronopt
noxeprnonanx moryr saxnmuartcx n
ycro
jio p m !
Rpnnuecxoe nnno,
npnnmammee
noxeprnonane, nx ncnontsonanx
xoroporo
yctonneo onpeeneoe asauene,
onxo
ncnn ooconet yuer ncex
onepann no
ncnontsonanm noxeprnonaoro
nmymecrna.
cnn xe n oronope noxeprnonanx e
ycraonneo ycnonne ncnontsonanx
oapxemtm - mpnnuecxnm nnnom
noxeprnonaoro nmymecrna no
onpeeneomy asauenm,
oxsaocrt
neenx ooconeoro yuera
onepann c
+rnm nmymecrnom y ero e nosnxaer.
oco
nate
a
pncxe
nrpt,
napn),
a
npnnneu
ene
nnma
nx x
xoropt
m
anpann
ea
pexnama
. pn
+rom
no
ronapom
nonma
ercx
npoyxr
exrent
ocrn (n
rom
uncne
paora, ycnyra), npeasauet nx
npoaxn, omea nnn noro nneenx
n oopor.
eanexamax pexnama - pexnama,
e
coornercrnymmax
rpeonanxm
saxooarentcrna occncxo
eepannn.
ponsnonrenxm nnna sanpemeo
cnocopcrno cnoprnntx
meponpnxrn.
oronope cnocopcrna onxo
trt nonocrtm nponncat:
2.196 n nxnaa cnocopa
nopxox, cpoxn n ycnonnx ero
npeocrannenx;
2.197 opxox, cpoxn,
xauecrno, nn n mecro
pacnpocrpaxemo cnocopom
n]opmannn;
2.198 xasane a
n]opmannm, xoropym cnocnpyemt
e pacnpocrpaxer n npn xaxnx
ycnonnxx;
2.199 nocop e nnpane
nmemnnartcx n ycranym
exrentocrt cnocnpyemoro.
ponsnonrenxm nnna
sanpemeo
cnocopcrno cnoprnntx
meponpnxrn.
xsarentoe saxnmuene
nnctmeoro oronopa, esanncnmo or
roro, xem xnnxmrcx cropot oronopa.
Rpnnuecxoe nnno, npnnnexammee
cnocopon, neer yuer atx
xosxcrnetx onepann nooo
yuery npenpnnmarentcxo
exrentocrn.
183
pnnoxene 5
0$^$$] `aaaaa
ua apeupy nnomapu nouemeuun np
yc1auonky nmuka pnn naro1nopu1enuumx
noxep1nonauu
pp Rke, ________________2000 .
e Lp epuu________________qp
__________________________{
s-
qui), rrn e puur p, e u npsp
__________________________(H
O.H.O.)___________________, pek e e,
kpu
kup e peu up, rr e puur peu
up, e u
pu ppkp
(H
O.H.O.)__________________________, pek e
e
Lpn, skk n pep pkr:
1. peu up e epue e N ____
_________ nppen p e sesrsp nuse pek
npu
psrpr___ r. ke., p e ee pur npen p
(P
k su s-
qui )
N 4 ________ 1 . pp s np r pn p
npee.
2. ksn npu nppenn e per s
rs
___________________ n pp:__________________ pk
_______________n________________.
2.200 p pp r pn p npee er r
s e . e ppen ep nk pn p ppe,
nu pr, kpkun kp pnk
kupe sLnn p. k p uu skpn kr
psr, u kku eu s rs.
2.201 peu up sn p nk pn p
npee r, r er re, euer e per
s. peu up ee s pu ppr
nk pn p npee.
2.202 M /!.n p npee p ppu qpruk
p, e r pp, q, qrk pkepn,
pnu kkpu rpnpnn, k r pn kk u
pkn ppe e n eprn.
6. peu up p u, npeen e rs
p pun pn pk u:
.
(s )
2.203 , p e, p npep p
ppe ppp rs pn u, epu e nk
n pep. peu up r ppu n pep
ppr npnpk.
2.204 e nru nppen p p nru
nppeu
pe up pe, s kkr eupu npspu p, e_
e (s u siu us u) npsepn
ekpu nk pn p ppe, r enk eek k,
nppk pu ppe e pk p. Rppe p
n kp ekpun nk nuek , npe nppen
pe up.
. rnu n kn pk sesrsp nusen
nrr
(nk 2 n pep) p nppen per up
pu
rr, r nuse ( ksr pke), n rp
ppen -
ppe.
10. pu n esrr k r eu srn
pnn e
"(&
poonxene npnn.5
n pep.
:
(re, pp
psu)
(pkesu 6k/ pu )
(..., npnu nr
u)
r. n.
____ _____2000 .
:
(re, pp
Lpn)
(pkesu k, pu )
(..., npnu
nr
u)
r. n.
_______________2000 .
pnnoxene 6
V'cd
6 O,L
. !.!
200, r.
acroxmn axr cocranne n nonnca n coornercrnnn c oronopom Nor
200 r.
xomnccnx n cocrane
nponsnena ncxptrne xmnxa nx noxeprnonan, ycraonneoro n
n nontsy
(anmeonane oenenx, nporpammt)
mnx nx noxeprnonan tn ycraonne n
no pemenmor e 200 r.
o pesyntraram ncxptrnx oapyxeo noxeprnonan n cymme
pynexoneex.
eexte cpecrna nepeat n yxranrepnm
(anmeonane
oenenx) net xomnccnn:
ocrynnene n xaccy orpaxeo npnxotm opepom Nor 200r.
nant yxranrep/pacmn]ponxa nonncn/
npnxo no xoam nenentx oxoon:
xo npenonaraemoro nenenoro pacxoa no cmere:
186
pnnoxene 7
afg\
npnema eextx cpecrn or aonmoro xeprnonarenx
r. .onropo 200 r.
t, nxenonncanmnecx,
cocrannnn acroxmn xr n rom, uro amn cero uncna tno npnxro narornopnrentoe
noxeprnonane
(yxasart a xaxne nenn)
cymmeor
]nsnuecxoro nnna, noxenanmero ocrartcx ensnecrtm.
onncn:
ocrynnene n xaccy orpaxeo npnxotm opepom Nor 200r.
nant yxranrep/pacmn]ponxa nonncn/
npnxo no xoam nenentx oxoon:
xo npenonaraemoro nenenoro pacxoa no cmere:
187
pnnoxene 8
N____
naro1nopu1enuuoro noxep1nonauun
pp epp ________________ 200_.
_____________,_______________________________, rrn e
puur
(u )
epu, e u_______________________________,
(, O.H.O.)
pek e_______________________,_________________,
(, s, )
p pu, krrpkn
psun
(u)
rrn e puur nu, e u_____.__________________,
(, O.H.O.)
pek e__________________________, pp
pu,
(, s,
) skk n pep
pkr:
I. mue nonoxeuun
1.1. epu npp nk pu
ppe (epu npee) pn psu
epu npprru:
(s uui i si
uui),
1.2. npprru:______________________________
( sv uui)
2.205 Rpprr kp npkn k pep nenkn
Lrrur nr n pep.
2.206n pep
peeu ____________________________________200 _ .
kn pep n p nppen e
epk.
II. Ropnpok npepoc1anneuun u pacxoponauun noxep1nonauun
2.1.n rr epu npeen en________
___,
___________________________________________________________
p.
(s qu k)
2.207 ppe, nppenru n nr pep, pu
ppeun e ee kpr e pk, npprpu
npprr.
2.208 pr nppnpp pu ppe s p
u kp e ppk nu spu ek uk
pp, sru pk psu sne npprru, p
nu nur epn.
2.209 nu p e pkk pkruk e
ee penr, nppLnenrur pkr
skpuer.
nu ne pn nppen epn k
e pkru, ens psu npr npprru.
2.210 Rpep pu ppe nn
enn e npprru r k np n
eunr.
2.211
rr npe npn en______________________________
p npepn epr nn e __
188
poonxene npnn. 8
kek p n npnn n pep.
2.7. kuu npep ppe nn
npsepn e
_____kek p n nn .
2.212 kpkn pk nppen e
nppeu u eek kp npprr.
epu r n er rpk npeu npep
pu ppe nn, nur epre sr.
2.213 ppe, nu nr nuseu
psuk npr npprru e epu pk, pu uu
esepu epk ( r uu nuseu pp u
nur n epn).
III. 1ue1uoc1u
3.1. u nppen .epk_______________
(puu, rnu, kepuu pp.) u pu psu e
10 p n kn kp pk nppen .
3.2. 20 p n pu sepun e npprru
nu
nppen eu epk.
IV. Ropnpok usueueuun u pac1opxeuun poronopa
2.214 sr pp pep esru n uk
p. u sr pp pep epun e
nur qpr.
2.215 nu enpe e k eprn p npp r
npeen ksun. sr pep n
ppur.
2.216 epu r ppu sru n
pep e k eprn nuk n nur
eprn nn, p e, np
eunn kk- en n pep.
n pep e e pe sksrnnp, n pr pn kp
pu, en e pn npnn.
V. ppeca, peknusu1m u nopnucu c1opou
naro1nopu1enu: narononyua1enu:
(re, pp psu) (re, pp
Lpn)
(pkesu k, pu ) (pkesu k, pu )
(..., npnu nr u) (..., npnu nr
u)
r.n. r.n.
__________________200 . ___________________200 .
189
pnnoxene 9
erncrp yuera npxmtx pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx sa 200r.
n pynxx
N
n/
n
rartx pacxoa
cmert/crounx
oxoa
porpa
m ma 1
porpa
m ma2
cero,
ocon
ax
ycran
ax
exren
penp
n
nmare
nt
exax
ycrana
cero
npxmt
x
pacxo
o n
1. nnara rpya 30000 20000 50000 3000 53000
2. c sapaoro nnart 7800 5200 13000 780 13780
3. omanponout
e pacxot
100000 100000 200000 5000 205000
4. pea 50000 50000 100000 ; 100000
5. ommyantte nnarexn 12000 8000 20000 ; 20000
6. acxot a cnxst 80000 2000 82000 1000 83000
7. acxot a
npnoperene n pemor
oopyonanx
; 60000 60000 ; 60000
8. acxot a nynnxannn 7000 3000 10000 220 10220
9. poune nenente
pacxot a nporpammt
65000 65000 130000 ; 130000
10. rpnnarentax
xypconax pasnna
1000 ; 1000 ; 1000
11. cnyrn axa 3000 2000 5000 ; 5000
12. acxot a
oecneuene
exrentocrn
nonorepon
3000 3000 3000
13. acxot a aynr
npoexron/nporpa
; 5000 5000 ; 5000
14. esannanpona
te pacxot
; 6000 6000 ; 6000
358800 326200 685000 10000 695000
nant yxranrep//
190
pnnoxene 10
erncrp yuera xocnetx pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx
sa 200 r.
n pynxx
N rartx porpam porpam penpnnmaren
tc
cero
n/n amnncrparnnoro
pacxoa
cmert/crounx
ma ma2 xax
ycranax
exrentocr
xocnet
x
pacxoon
1. poner
pacnpeenenx (asa
nx pacnpeenenx cu.
20.1 nnara rpya
cmert)
57 37 6 100
2. nnara rpya
amnncrparnn
o-
ynpanneuecxoro
nepcoana
39900 25900 4200 70000
.3 runcnenx a
connantte yxt
c sapaoro
nnart
amnncrparnno-
ynpanneuecxoro
nepcoana
10374 6734 1092 18200
4. anenxpcxne
o]ncte pacxot
6726 4366 708 11800
5. acxot a
cnyxete
57000 37000 6000 100000
6. acxot a
coepxane n pemor
nmymecrna
omexosxcrneoro
asauenx
8550 5550 900 15000
7. acxot a cnxst 28500 18500 3000 50000
8. poune
amnncrparnnte
pacxot
2850 1850 300 5000
: 153900 99900 16200 270000
nant yxranrep//
191
pnnoxene 11
erncrp cnooro yuera oxoon n pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx sa 200r.
n pynxx
N
n/
n
rartx
cmert/crounx
oxoa
porpa
m ma 1
porpam
ma2
penpnnmarentcx
ax
ycranax
exrentocrt
cero
1. Heneno oxo
(cuer h
700000 215000 50000 965000
2. pxmte
nenente
pacxot (cuer
358800 326200 10000 695000
3. mexosxcrne
te pacxot (cuer
153900 99900 16200 270000
4. 3xoomnx
/
nepepacxo
187300 -211100 23800 ;
nant yxranrep//
192
pnnoxene 12
acuer pacnpeenenx xocnetx pacxoon omecrneoro oenenx
anmeona
ne
npoexra
asa pacnpeenenx
omexosxcrnetx
pacxoon: cymma oxoa
no xaxomy nny
exrentocrn (xpenr
cuera 86), pyne
entt nec xaxoro
nna exrentocrn n
ome ase
pacnpeenenx,
mexosxcrnete
pacxot (e onee 20
or ncex cpecrn), pyne
ymma cnncanx
omexosxcrnetx pacxoon,
pyne
porpamma 1 100000 37 40500 14985
porpamma 2 120000 44 40500 17820
penpnnm
arentcxax
exrentocrt
50000 19 40500 7695
: 270000 100 ; 40500
Rp 13
Y " .
___________H" /Rpepc1anu1enuc1no n /
___________
11184 Mke, spkekn pn, 8 .(0)787-88-
16, k (0)787-88-22
24 pkpn 2002 .
D$ V 47
651 3 . ei ( j!
1 $:
2.217 k #5$ .
2.218 U$ +
2.219 6 +
2.220 6d 1
2.221 U$ /%l I5 m
6.7 7 #5$ .7 4
$$ en j oo #5$7
4 #5$ +$$ Ioom! 35 .
$ $$ 4 +! 6. d 1
. $$! p 4 4 57
54 +$ ?b cdZ eNfg )7# (]opma npnnaraercx). $$ 51
NV! 5 #7
+$7 $ n$ .! * $ 54
1 $$ 5!
1 $$ 5
5 +$ ?b cdZ eNfg )7#
6. 4 5 $ $7
$ $ $ ! D4 4
547 5 +
F o" o!
" $ 4 + ! "
45 $ 4$ !
'4 +1 +$ $ $ 4
+ $ F '$! H + Il/,m -)-())(l%7 + Il/,m
-)-())(&&7 q(rTst uvrTRvwTxvSs!Ry? " $7
5 57
54 4 1 $ 14
+ !


,


!.
i +: Il/,m -)-())(12 (
rTsztSqrs{T I|]}vSs!Ry
$7 B F
$7
$$ >n o
on
194
poonxene npnn. 13
Y
n, 11 1 84, Mke,
spkekn ., 8 .;
(70) 767 88 11 k: (70)
787 8811
pr-2
pe u
:
10/11/2002
pp Mke
pn epun psun " kpu
e. p pen/ p pen", e u nu
pkp npprr k "eu pep" " kpu
e. p pen" r ne ee, pek
e ep 1 7/01 /2002, p epu, p
pu,
"ppk pu p Mpu
rp e epu psu Mpn
npesn pnn",
p nu, e u epepono uum anepuenum,
pek e ee nrnr, pur e
pep, pp pu, e n u
pkr.
pu n un n ksk sesrsp nr e
prk epu Rpk "pu: r u" Lpnk
e n e un en nprk n pk
nsue.
nu nsn nuseu nu sesrsp
ppe n p N 3222 e psrp $10 000.00 (p
pe Rpk) uk psuk Rpk "pu:
r u".
epu, e pu, en n e prk
pen Rpk ksue psuk npppk
en, ksu e u, k e ee pekr
pkr skpuer, prpkr epuk
pnuu, , nennu p (rppp) epu
krrpk psu, en ek pnuu e
ee unr, spr e prk p nk kpu
e.
R R
1. pk nusen ppe:
ppe e prk pen nppenkn npp
01/12/2002 n 01 /1 2/2003 pu uu sppeu nuk p ku
ks npp e ee eppur kpr unr
Rpk. sppeu e pk e ee eppur
kpr ppe q pu uu esepu e . p
pen, e 1 rnu n pu, npp pn p
e qe .'
2. kp Rpk.
195
poonxene npnn.13
kp Rpk s pk eu :eppu
puu kp p ppn e Rp nenn
Lrr uk p un,
3. ppe, eupu n
p,
r uu nuseu
uk e
pr ee
ppur
unr, pprn e
pur
kp p (Rp
).
sr psrp ep
pp
(kpn pesn) r
uu
npsep uk
nur
n p.
4. R pu
ppe
nr p
pseur
nsnur (e

ppe ppe, nu n q, p pk euu

p kep). R npsepnn e nur
snp nn, n npnn n un
r pr, e pn, n kp pu npep ppe.
. u nppenn n r p (en
u)
nsn (Rprn u). eu u
(eu
ppuu) nppenkn nsp p rnu
pu sepun pk Rpk.
R -
se u npp

nppe
n
Rpru/ppuu

01/12/2002-
01/06/2003
01/07/2003
Rpru /qeu 01/12/2002-
01/06/2003
01/06/2003
eu /ppuu * 01/12/2002
-01/12/2003
01/01/2004
eu /qeu 01/12/2002-
01/12/2003
01/01/2004
prpeu np
ppu ppe
nek ppu
rppe-pnpu
ppu pepun
qen npppk :
6. nu p nuseu ppe, nppu e
prk eup
pen, u p nppe nu u
ppe ppe
e ee eur euu pqkr nper ,
epu
en s npe kpu nuk
npkpu pe nn e ppr npnpk,
k nppu qpruk n e eu pu .
7. ppk "p pen" enpe npe qek
ppuk npepk
pnu nn e prk qpr npk. Rp sr
"p pen"
ns s pe p p npepn npepk nur epru sr
nn.
196
poonxene npnn.13
8. nu nsn pu qk npppk npk r
"kpu e" (p p) e e ep pkru n npk,
ek n psu epe, e p npsuu
rpnpn, ensu npkr, e ee npr k
qer uk (r. Rp 1).
nu nsn, e prk ppu ,
nppeu qpruk nuse nr sen
"kpu e" (p p) rek.
kp nr nsue, n pk qk
npppk npk r "kpu e" (p p), e s
ks pu "kpu e" puu
ppe.
M R :
. pe, u pr nenu p u
eu eupe
ksu en skpue, nprp, npppen npn
k ske,
npsuen npn eu pun k nppenr
skpuu pe e
un npek npp npppk ske npepen
npnk.
. Rpep krn n ppu sp e npnr
ke
qpr.
. e npnpk nk pnu
u-
p ks npppk nkr npnr, penr,
pnnr
krnnr.
0. Rppe pe puur ur ppr
psunr s
nur n s nsue pu
nn
peu eur nper npuppu.
. Rpppk krrpk nppnpn uuk nn npu

nuse ppe pen pn sen ppe e kk-

qpr.
Rpanuna u 1peonauun no ocymec1nneuum u ucnonusonauum rpau1onoro
quuaucuponauun, coc1anneuum quuaucono u copepxa1enuuo
o1ue1uoc1u
1. pepc1na rpau1a ponxum m1u ucnonusonaum:
e pk, nppu pn nn npk e per u
e ee eppur unr ppe Lrr
e ee nper prr nusen peu ppe
e ee unr npk
2. pen pn psu n nusek pe qpen
epk
peu ppe
peu ppe, nnk pu psu, pu
ueun
e qpe ( n rp p).
psu nsu e pu qpr ppe e
prk nnk qeu ppe.
qpr npsep ppe e prk qe
qpen p
eeeu penr n epk pk npu,
eppu e .
pe peu ppe npsepn e pn, np sr pn
n ppe en qe p
nuseun puu kp npep ppe.
ppe, npp ppe p, r uu
nuse pn sen
pp e r r ep (ekkn npp ppen) - p
e p. Rpp
197
poonxene npnn. 13
ppen e pp psu n kn pk pen p
r uu npsep uk nur qpr pspun .
en s npe npe ppkk npepk psu,
neu qe
qpe (e 3 rr eupn p).
3. npe n ek pe qpen
* pe n pr npsepn eppur
kpr, nppur
unr eur pkr nper. npu, ensu
er
qpen n pr: npep ppe, rpr pe,
kupe n peur
enpr, npn qe , npsepn e per
pnpr (nppsp
), s kkr enpuppu enpe, pk n
ppke npprr (p e
k ru enpu, n kpur p ks p e
npprru).
pe n qr r uu e uk n
nn pe un, npn pnr.
pe n pr npsepn nkepu. kkr
nenn un ppe. ppe n p u r uu
npepu e nr Lr ppe, eppu n p u e
prk eunu npe sn qpen. , esk
pru srn Lre npepru ppe e prk
npp sn, pr qpru snp e nurr ep rn
pkp npprru , n kp u epp pu p,
Lnr np. R psur prpn p snp r
uu npsep sr nsnu pke Lre qpen.
pu Lrr qpen pn psu p 000 (pn
qsk u 3000)
nekn e p sn, ser pk pen p.
npepu n qr upkn pnr np
p e peu npr qprnkn snpr n
qpr (Rp: qpru, eppu , e ee nr
eunu).
peu pnpr npr snpu, npu n qk, er
puk
p.
Rpep ppe n pr psunr npsepn uk
pu , ksu
e per u ( pn npprru, n kp eup p,
npp n
npupp npepn qpen). srn kek
pkese
pnu ns nppeu e peu pnpr
pkru, npeppk
srn.
* Rpep peu ppe npsepn e pn.
4. e qe
en u nprn, en) p uu nppe e
peu npr e pk, nppu e per u.
n npk pu npsepn uk n nppen
qe e psrp r 80% ppe nppup
pu. en u n pr ekk: npeu pkru,
npeppk npsep pp e prk pe qpen
(, pep, keu, k, nu pkru, epr
n eunu spnu, npek n e
, kpu, ku npr-p p .p..), Osvx
i u, s - : * puu
kppeu n qpr (Rp fi_rp.do);
198
poonxene npnn. 13
np u ppe - p npek npeppn
nek eu ruu ppe, npp e
prk p ppen re;
krrp n .
e npuuuuam1cn k o1ue1y cnepymmue nupm pacxopon
pacxopm, cnnsauume c kanu1anuumu c1pou1enuc1nou
pacxopm, cnnsauume c npuope1euueu an1o1paucnop1umx cpepc1n
cyuum auop1usauuu coc1neuuoro oopyponauun u uuymec1na
pacxopm, cnnsauume c npuope1euueu cpepc1n uounuuo cnnsu
pacxopm, cnnsauume c noespkauu sa pyex
pacxopm, cnnsauume c onna1o kouuepueckoro oyueuun npu nonyueuuu
nmcmero
opasonauun (nce qopum oyueuun) *
n u Rp ppu (s pu eppn) rru euu
100
ppu, npsepu ep pree, eppu (ppu
nspk) **
ppu, npsepu e pk, u pk pen
p ***
uppu n e (kpr e n )
eppu e r p ppu ****
rru ppe, npeuuk Lr eppu ppe n pr
ep pp
Repnme mec1u nyuk1on ue quuaucupym1cn
* pru, eu n u pu nspk
eupn qpe e prk p u pk epu
ppe: nknk pnpu e (e, /p, e, epu pnp)
e - euu pen skr.k /p - euu pen kn ppu,
ensu nuser e pnp k, k
nprkn
npe
uu k euu ***
ppp 70 e k
pn pu ke npk ppp -
130 e k
n p 2 k
pnuu u k nprkn
u (pn ppke psu-n) e
npp pree, eu e
n nn (pn ke peu npke, nenkn
ppkr
psu-pn, p 10
u ppu n eser ek - pn pu ke
npk k nprn n pkp esu
pnuu ppu n nspkr
pnpn pek nuu
npp
pnpu pu
nsun rpukn pek

,
! , " #" ,
, " $
%&
*** , ppu u npsepu s eu ppe e
pke pen p np esrk, pr qpru
snp e nurr ep rn pkp npprru , n kp u
epp pu p, Lnr np. R psur prpn
p snp ksu ppu r uu npnu k .
199
poonxene npnn. 13
**** , e npu npepn npk esk pru e
npep ppe, p eppu np eup p,
Lr ppe n eppr ep ppe srn, pr
qpru snp e nurr ep rn pkp npprru , n
kp u epp pu p, kse rr kp pes, epu
ppe, np pes, Ln np esken. R
psur prpn p snp ksu ppu r uu
npnu k . qpr pes r uu npsep 2
ps e npp pen p.
. e ppu
ppuu enn e ep qpr e Lr p 10
pu p ppu pkk qpruk:
nk rpnpn p, npsepu n npk ( ksr p
ke)
n psu en npk
ks k, nusk nu, rpk pp psuu,
nu np e npk
ks esr rnu nppu p e
npppr
npe e npkr ppu r uu
npu pnuu pkru:
spn
ppeu nur
kk npk e ppe re qpru
6. kpu pe '
Rppe e (n qe ppu)
npsepn e p kpp rnu n pk n
p.
, pnu r n Lkeur npr sku
p n npk un e pk, pr pun k pkp
npprru, n kp u epp p, nur npu
npp pk pen p ksr np, n kpur s
npsu.
sppeu e pk e ee eppur kpr
ppe p pu uu esepu e ( pu
4081810200002606) e 1 rnu n pu, npp pn
p e qe .
nppen e nppu pk en
s npe nppu qpruk e eu pu p
kpeu npk eup pe (l list).
200
poonxene npnn.13
npsep skpu p e p p n p n
. kpu p qprnn eprr e pp
pnn. nn eprn s pnr n
nsue n ppk .
e ppu
ppuu enn e ep qpr e Lr p !
pu p ppu pkk qpruk:
n psu en npk ( u p e p
npk, r sepun, kk p p npp kk kr p
nuseu psuu);
nu np eun npk k, kk npeu, n kkr
npr kk r uu pu s s euepu;
nk rpnpn p (e .. sp, nku, npsep),
eu n npk ( ksr npprru, p ke);
kpk nuse n n p ppen.
ppu pu uu npu kn
rpe, spu, seu pnppu e p
npk, k r uu peu pnuu pkru:
ppeu nur
kk npk e ppe re qpru
Rpprr npr ppuu np e
s euu qpru, nn k eunr npk.
, pk, snpeu e npk psuu su
kn nu np e, ppuu
n npk r uu nps peepuur. sr n
puk Rpen pkepe npprru enpe npeu
epe npk nu nr uk qek npppk
e spn, nkun npsepn, nu e p
psu npk.
pn, su nuseeu ppe p ueur
psr nppeeu, rpn pekp nr,
eu ppuu n npk n pr qpr, r uu
n nppek npprru puk eek Rpen
ekku e -pu nk.
201