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- 1 -
CHUYN 2
HIDROCACBON NO - ANKAN (P N)

Cu 1: Hp cht hu c X c tn gi l: 2 - clo - 3 - metylpentan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH(Cl)CH(CH
3
)
2.
B. CH
3
CH(Cl)CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3
.

C. CH
3
CH
2
CH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
2
Cl. D. CH
3
CH(Cl)CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
3
.
2 - clo - 3 metylpentan nh s gn halogen trc => Cl s 2 ; Metyl s 3 ; pentan => Mch chnh c 5C
1 2 3 4 5
CH3 CH(Cl) CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
Cu 2: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C
5
H
12
?
A. 3 ng phn. B. 4 ng phn. C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn
SGK 11 nng cao 139 Nh 4 thng u tin => C5H12 c 3 ng phn
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH3;
Cu 3: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C
6
H
14
?
A. 3 ng phn. B. 4 ng phn. C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn
SGK 11 nc 139 => C6H14 c 5 ng phn. => C
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3 ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3; CH3 CH(CH3) CH(CH3)-CH3 ;
CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) - CH2 CH3 => 5 p => C
Cu 4: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C
4
H
9
Cl ?
A. 3 ng phn. B. 4 ng phn. C. 5 ng phn. D. 6 ng phn.
C4H9Cl c k = (2.4 9 +2 -1)/2 = 0 Tnh lin kt pi + vng bt bo ha
C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
X
u
Na
v


k =(2x-y+t+2 u v )/2 X l halogen
khng c lin kt pi hay vng
CH2(Cl) CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(Cl) CH2 CH3 ; CH2Cl CH(CH3) CH3 ;
CH3 (CH3)CCl CH3 ; => 4 p => B
Cu 5: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to c cng thc phn t C
5
H
11
Cl ?
A. 6 ng phn. B. 7 ng phn. C. 5 ng phn. D. 8 ng phn.
C5H11Cl c k = (2.5 11 + 2 1)/2 = 0 => khng c lin kt pi hay vng;
CH2(Cl) CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(Cl) CH2 CH2 CH3 ;
CH3 CH2 CH(Cl) CH2 CH3 ; CH2(Cl) CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 ;
CH2(Cl) CH2 (CH3)CH CH3 ; CH2(Cl) CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 ;
CH3 CH(Cl) CH(CH3) CH3 ; CH2(Cl) (CH3)C(CH3) CH3 ;
Xem theo th t t tri sang phi
Cu 6: Phn trm khi lng cacbon trong phn t ankan Y bng 83,33%. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C
2
H
6
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
4
H
10
. D. C
5
H
12
.
Cch 1 mo m p n : % C = MC / MY Thy D tha mn : %C = 12.5.100%/(12.5 + 12) = 83,33 %
Cch 2: Ankan => CTTQ: CnH2n+2 => %C = MC/MY = 12n . 100% / (14n+2) = 83,33%
14,4n = 14n +2 n = 5 => C5H12 Ly 100% / 83,33% . 12 cho d
Cu 7: Cng thc n gin nht ca hirocacbon M l C
n
H
2n+1
. M thuc dy ng ng no ?
A. ankan. B. khng d kin xc nh.
C. ankan hoc xicloankan. D. xicloankan.
(CnH2n+1)m CnmH2nm + m => vi m = 2 => CnmH2nm+2 => Ankan => A
Cu 8: a. 2,2,3,3-tetrametylbutan c bao nhiu nguyn t C v H trong phn t ?
A. 8C,16H. B. 8C,14H. C. 6C, 12H. D. 8C,18H.
2,2,3,3 tetrametyl butan ; tetrametyl => 4 CH3 ; butan => 4C mch chnh ; 2,2,3,3 => V tr CH3
1 2 3 4
CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) (CH3)C(CH3) CH3
m => 8C v 18H => D. Cch khc thy ui an => CnH2n+2 K = 0 ko cha lin kt pi => D tha mn
b. Cho ankan c CTCT l: (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
C(CH
3
)
3
. Tn gi ca ankan l:
A. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan. B. 2,4-trimetylpetan.
C. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan. D. 2-imetyl-4-metylpentan.
5 4 3 2 1
(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
C(CH
3
)
3


Hay CH3 (CH3)CH CH2 (CH3)C(CH3) CH3
Quy tc c tn SGK 11 nc- 138. nh s th t gn C phn nhnh nhiu nht
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S v tr Tn nhnh Tn mch chnh + an
V tr nhnh 2,2,4 c 3 CH3 => 3metyl => Trimetyl 1 l mono ; 2 l i ; 3 l tri ; 4 l tetra
Mch chnh 5 C => penta => 2,2,4 trimetyl pentan =>A
Cu 9: Phn ng c trng ca hirocacbon no l
A. Phn ng tch . B. Phn ng th. C. Phn ng cng. D. C A, B v C.
Hidrocacbon no c p tch , th , cng nhng c trng nht l phn ng th => B
Cu 10: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl
2
theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Iso pentan : iso dng : CH3 CH(CH3) ; pentan => c 5C Tnh c mch nhnh Nu l danh php thay th th
ch mch chnh
CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 tc dng vi Cl2 => To ra mono hay 1Cl th 1H
Sp to thnh c th l:

CH3 CH CH2 CH3 4 mi tn hay 4 ch Cl c th th c => ti a 4 sp => D

CH3

Mo : Dng bi iso - Ca ankan => S monoclo hoc monobrom to thnh = s C 1
S C l s C trong cht .
Cu 11: Iso-hean tc dng vi clo (c chiu sng) c th to ti a bao nhiu dn ut monoclo ?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6
Iso hexan => CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH CH3 Tng t bi 10


CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 => Ti a 5 sn phm => C Hoc ADCT bi 10 = 6 1 = 5 6C

CH3
Cu 12: Khi cho 2-metylbutan tc dng vi Cl
2
theo t l mol 1:1 th to ra sn phm chnh l:
A. 1-clo-2-metylbutan. B. 2-clo-2-metylbutan. C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan. D.1-clo-3-metylbutan.
Sn phm chnh => Cl th vo H C bc cao nht SGK 11 nc 144
2 metyl butan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3
I III II I
Vit li: CH3 CH CH2 CH3 Cl
1 2 3 4
CH3 => Cl th vo C bc III => CH3 C CH2 CH3

CH3 => 2 clo 2 metyl butan => B
Cu 13: Khi clo ha C
5
H
12
vi t l mol 1:1 thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Danh php IUPAC ca ankan
l:
A. 2,2-imetylpropan. B. 2-metylbutan. C. pentan. D.2-imetylpropan.
C5H12 th clo t l 1 : 1 thu c 3 sn phm monoclo Ti a
Xt p n : Lm nhiu s quen v dng ny c th loi p n
A. 2,2 imetyl propan : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-CH3 Ch to ra 1 monoclo
CH3
CH3 C CH3 Th vo 1 trong 4 CH3 u nh nhau ht
CH3
B. 2 metylbutan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 iso pentan => 4 sp bi 10 ADCT
C. Pentan : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 => 3 sp Tha mn => C

D. 2 imetyl propan p n cho nhm C5H12 ch c 3 p SGK nng cao 11- 139
Cu 14: Khi clo ha metan thu c mt sn phm th cha 89,12% clo v khi lng. Cng thc ca sn
phm l: A. CH
3
Cl. B. CH
2
Cl
2
. C. CHCl
3
. D. CCl
4
.
Metan CH4 P clo ha tng qut : i vi ankan : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl
CH4 + xCl2 => CH4-xClx + xHCl => Sn phm : CH4-xClx
% Cl(CH4-xClx) = 35,5.x .100% / (16 + 34,5x) = 89,12% x = 3
Cch bm : Ly 35,5.100/89,12 - 34,5 sau ly 16 chia cho s . => C.
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Cu 15: Cho 4 cht: metan, etan, propan v n-butan. S lng cht to c mt sn phm th monoclo duy
nht l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Metan CH4 to ra 1 sn phm
Etan C2H6 hay CH3 CH3 ch to ra 1sp
Propan C3H8 hay CH3 CH2 CH3 to ra 2 sp

n butan n k hiu mch thng CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 to ra 2 sn phm

=> Ch c 2 cht metan v etan to ra 2 sn phm => B
Cu 16: khi clo ha mt ankan c cng thc phn t C
6
H
14
, ngi ta ch thu c 2 sn phm th monoclo.
Danh php IUPAC ca ankan l:
A. 2,2-imetylbutan. B. 2-metylpentan. C. n-hexan. D.2,3imetylbutan.
Xt A. 2,2 imetylbutan : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3 => 3 sn phm th.=> Loi
CH3
B.2 metyl pentan : CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3 iso hexan => sp = 6 1 =5 ADCT => Loi


C. n hexan : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 => 3 sn phm th => Loi

D ng A,B,C sai
D. 2,3 imetylbutan ; CH3 CH CH CH3 => 2 sn phm th => D
CH3 CH3
Cu 17: Khi clo ha hn hp 2ankan, ngi ta ch thu c 3 sn phm th monoclo. Tn gi ca 2 ankan
l: A. etan v propan. B. propan v iso-butan.
C. iso-butan v n-pentan. D. neo-pentan v etan.
Xt A. Etan => Thu c 1 ; propan thu c 2 => 3 sn phm => A ng Xem bi 15
Cu 18: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn ut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i vi hiro l
75,5. Tn ca ankan l:
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. C. isopentan.
B. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan
Xem bi 13 => B . 2,2 imetylpropan => B
Cu 19: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc dng vi clo theo t
l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn ut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l:
A. 3-metylpentan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. 2-metylpropan. D. butan.
Ankan : CnH2n+2 =>%C = MC / MX = 12n .100% / (14n + 2) = 83,72% n = 6 => C6H14
Loi C v D
Xt A. 3 metylpentan : CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 => 4 sn phm => Loi
CH3

B.2,3 imetylbutan : CH3 CH CH CH3 => 2 sn phm => B
CH3 CH3
Cu 20: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc ba trong
mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO
2
( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi
cho X tc dng vi Cl
2
(theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn ut monoclo ti a sinh ra l:
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Ch cha lin kt + mch h => Ankan. CnH2n+2 ; n = VCO2 / VX = 6 => C6H14
C 2 nguyn t C bc 3 => C dng

2,3 imetylbutan : CH3 CH CH CH3 => 2 sn phm => B Bi 19
CH3 CH3
Cu 21: Khi tin hnh phn ng th gia ankan X vi kh clo c chiu sng ngi ta thu c hn hp Y ch
cha hai cht sn phm. T khi hi ca Y so vi hiro l 35,75. Tn ca X l
A. 2,2-imetylpropan. B. 2-metylbutan. C. pentan. D. etan.
PT : CnH2n+2 +xCl2 => CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl Xem bi 14 => sn phm : CnH2n+2-xClx v HCl
Chn 1mol CnH2n +2
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nCnH2n+2-xCl = 1 ; nHCl = x mol
M hh Y = (mCnH2n+2-xClx + mHCl) / (nCnH2n+2 xClx + nHCl)
35,75.2 = (14n+2 +34,5x + 35,5x) / (1 + x) 0,5x + 69,5 = 14n => n> 69,5/14 =4,96
p n => n = 5 V A,B,C u c n =5 => n =5 => x =1 => C5H12
Do ch to ra 1 sn phm mono => A: 2,2 imetylpropan Tn khc l neo-pentan
CH3
CH3 C CH3 Th vo 1 trong 4 CH3 u nh nhau ht
CH3 => A
Cu 22: Ankan no sau y ch cho 1 sn phm th duy nht khi tc dng vi Cl
2
(as) theo t l mol (1 : 1):
CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
(a), CH
4
(b), CH
3
C(CH
3
)
2
CH
3
(c), CH
3
CH
3
(d), CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH
3
(e)
A. (a), (e), (d). B. (b), (c), (d). C. (c), (d), (e). D. (a), (b), (c), (e), (d)
CH4(b) ; c l neo-pentan Bi 21 CH3CH3(d) to ra 1 sn phm => B ng
(a) to ra 2 ; e to ra 2
Cu 23: Khi th monoclo mt ankan A ngi ta lun thu c mt sn phm duy nht. Vy A l:
A. metan. B. etan C. neo-pentan D. C A, B, C u ng.
Chnh l bi 22 => D
Cu 24: Sn phm ca phn ng th clo (1:1, nh sng) vo 2,2- imetyl propan l :
(1) CH
3
C(CH
3
)
2
CH
2
Cl; (2) CH
3
C(CH
2
Cl)
2
CH
3
; (3) CH
3
ClC(CH
3
)
3

A. (1); (2). B. (2); (3). C. (2). D. (1)
Chnh l neo pentan => 1 sn phm duy nht bi 21 ; Th bt k 1 trong 4CH3
=> 1 tha mn : CH3 (CH3)C(CH3)-CH2CL => D
Cu 25: C bao nhiu ankan l cht kh iu kin thng khi phn ng vi clo (c nh sng, t l mol 1:1) to
ra 2 dn ut monoclo ?
A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3.
Cht kh => C t 1 n 4 SGK 11 nng cao - 141
Xem bi 15:
CH4 => c 1 ; C2H6 c 1 ; C3H8 c 2 ;C4H10 c n butan c 1 ; CH3 CH(CH3)-CH3 c 1
=> c 3 cht cho ra 2 sn phm => D
Cu 26: Ankan Y phn ng vi brom to ra 2 dn ut monobrom c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 61,5. Tn ca
Y l:

A. butan. B. propan. C. Iso-butan. D. 2-metylbutan.
PT : 2CnH2n+2 + 2xBr2 => CnH2n+2 xBrx + CnH2n+2-xBrx + 2xHBr
Ta c do to ra monobrom => x = 1 => Sn phm CnH2n+1Br
2 sn phm c cng khi lng phn t => M CnH2n+1Br= 61,5.2 14n + 81 = 123 n = 3 => Y l C3H8
hay propan => B Tha mn to ra 2 dn xut monobrom
Cu 27: t chy mt hn hp gm nhiu hirocacbon trong cng mt dy ng ng nu ta thu c s mol
H
2
O > s mol CO
2
th CTPT chung ca dy l:
A. C
n
H
n
, n 2. B. C
n
H
2n+2
, n 1 (cc gi tr n u nguyn).
C. C
n
H
2n-2
, n 2. D. Tt c u sai.
Ta lun c x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O 2x : y = nCO2 : nH2O
bi cho nH2O > nCO2 => 2x : y < 1
p n A . CnHn => 2x : y = 2n / n = 2 >1 Loi
B.CnH2n+2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n+2) < 1 => Tha mn => B Thc cht l ankan
C.CnH2n-2 => 2x : y = 2n / (2n-2) > 1=> Loi => B ng
Tng hp thm : i vi cht CxHyOz Da vo cch 2 phn xc nh cng thc chuyn 1 bi 36
TH1 : CT : CnH2n+2Oz c k = 0 k = (2x y + 2)/2 => nH2O > nCO2 v nX = nH2O nCO2
VD: C2H6 ; C2H5O ; C4H9O2 - thay n v z vo Min l k = 0 vi mi cht
TH2 : CT : CnHnOz c k =1 => nH2O = nCO2 VD: C4H8 ; CnH2nOz c k =1
VD : C3H6 ; C3H6O ; C4H8O2 thay n v z Min l k = 1 vi mi cht
TH3 : CT : CnH2n-2Oz ; c k =2 => nH2O < nCO2 v nX = nCO2 nH2O
VD: C3H4 ; C6H10O3; C5H8O Min l k =2 vi mi cht
Chng minh cng thc: nX = nH2O nCO2 nH2O = nCO2 ; nX = nCO2 nH2O
TH1 : CnH2n+2Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
Gi x mol =>nx mol (n+1)x mol => nH2O > nCO2
Ly nH2O nCO2 = (n+1)x nx = x = nCnH2n+2Oz
TH2 : CnH2nOz + O2 => nCO2 + nH2O
Gi x =>nx mol nx mol => nH2O = nCO2 = nx mol hay nH2O = nCO2
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TH3: CnH2n-2Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n-1)H2O
Gi x => nx mol (n-1)x mol => nCO2 > nH2O
Ly nCO2 nH2O = nx -(n-1)x = x = nCnH2n-2Oz
Ngoi ra c th chng minh trng hp k =4 ca aren CnH2n 6Oz: nX = (nCO2 nH2O)/3
Cu 28: t chy cc HC ca dy ng ng no di y th t l mol H
2
O : mol CO
2
gim khi s cacbon tng.
A. ankan. B. anken. C. ankin. D. aren
nH2O : nCO2 gim khi s C tng Ly s liu bi 27
Xt A.Ankan k=0 =>nH2O / nCO2 = (n+1)x/nx = 1 + 1/n => n tng => T l gim do 1/n gim => A ankan
Xt thm cc trng hp khc thy r hn.
B.Anken k = 1 => nH2O / nCO2 = nx / nx =1 Ko tng ko gim Khng thay i
C.Ankin k=2 => nH2O / nCO2 = (n-1)x / nx = 1 1/n => n tng => T l tng do -1/n
D. tng t nh C => 1 3/n
Cu 29: Khi t chy ankan thu c H
2
O v CO
2
vi t l tng ng bin i nh sau:
A. tng t 2 n +. B. gim t 2 n 1. C. tng t 1 n 2. D. gim t 1 n 0.
Bi 28 => T l=1+1/n Ta bit n 1 =>vi n=1 =>T l=2 => vi n n v cng =>T l ~ 1Gim t2 n1 =>B
Cu 30: Khng th iu ch CH
4
bng phn ng no ?
A. Nung mui natri malonat vi vi ti xt. B. Canxicacbua tc dng vi nc.
C. Nung natri axetat vi vi ti xt. D. in phn dung dch natri axetat.
P A.
2 4 2 3
2 2
o
t
Na O C CH C O Na NaOH CH Na CO
O O
+ +

P C.
,
3 4 2 3
o
CaO t
CH COONa NaOH CH Na CO + +

P D.
dpdd
3 2 4 2 2
1
2 2 2 2
2
CH COONa H O CH CO NaOH H + + + + |
Thy ngay B : CaC2 + H2O => Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 SGK 11 nng cao 178=> B khng c p to ra CH4 => B
Cu 31: Trong phng th nghim c th iu ch metan bng cch no sau y ?
A. Nhit phn natri axetat vi vi ti xt. B. Crackinh butan
C. T phn ng ca nhm cacbua vi nc. D. A, C.
Cu 32: Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l:
A. metan. B. etan. C. propan. D. n-butan.
SGK 11 nng cao 202 => A.Metan => 70 95%
Cu 33: Xicloankan (ch c mt vng) A c t khi so vi nit bng 3. A tc dng vi clo c chiu sng ch cho
mt dn ut monoclo duy nht, c nh cng thc cu to ca A ?
A.
CH
3
. B. . C.
CH
3
C H
3
. D.
CH
3
CH
3
C H
3
.
Xicloankan :CnH2n . MA = 28.3 = 84 V t khi vi N2 = 3 = 14n => n= 6

Xt A.
CH
3
=> C th to ra 4 sn phm. => Loi
Xt B. => C th to ra 1 sn phm Th v tr no cng ging nhau => B

Xt C.
CH
3
C H
3
=> C th to ra 3 sn phm => Loi 1 CH3 , 1 CH2

Xt D.
CH
3
CH
3
C H
3
=> C th to ra 2 sn phm => Loi 1 CH3 , 1 CH
Cu 34: Hai icloankan M v N u c t khi hi so vi metan bng 5,25. Khi tham gia phn ng th clo (as, t
l mol 1:1) M cho 4 sn phm th cn N cho 1 sn phm th. Tn gi ca cc icloankan N v M l:
A. metyl xiclopentan v imetyl xiclobutan. B. Xiclohexan v metyl xiclopentan.
C. Xiclohexan v n-propyl xiclopropan. D. C A, B, C u ng.
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M xicloankan = 5,25.16 = 84 = 14n => n = 6 V t khi vi CH4 = 5,25
Xt A. metyl xiclopentanN v imetyl xiclobutanM

N : CH3 - CH2 CH2 CH2 => To ra 3 sn phm mono => Loi V to ra 1
CH2 CH2

M : CH3 CH CH - CH3 Hoc trng hp 2 CH3 cho nhau => To ra 3 sn phm.
CH2 CH2
Xt B. XiclohexanN v metyl xiclopentanM
N . => C th to ra 1 sn phm Th v tr no cng ging nhau => B Bi 33

M. Xt A.
CH
3
=> C th to ra 4 sn phm. => Loi Bi 33 => Tha mn => B ng
Xt C. XiclohexanN v n-propyl xiclopropan M
N tha mn B

M. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 => 5 sn phm => Loi 4 sp
CH2

Cu 35: (A) l cht no trong phn ng sau y ? A + Br
2
Br-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-Br
A. propan. B. 1-brompropan. C. xiclopropan. D. A v B u ng.
Thy ngy: A , B loi v y l p cng Br2 ko phi phn ng th Th th phi to ra Axit HX X l halogen => D
loi lun V A,B sai => C ng
SGK 11 nc 149
Ch ch c vng 3 cnh mi c phn ng cng m vng Cng Br2 , HBr, X2 ,H2
Trng hp c bit vng 4 cnh ch cng H2 SGK
Cu 36: Dn hn hp kh A gm propan v iclopropan i vo dung dch brom s quan st c hin tng
no sau y :
A. Mu ca dung dch nht dn, khng c kh thot ra.
B. Mu ca dung dch nht dn, v c kh thot ra.
C. Mu ca dung dch mt hn, khng cn kh thot ra.
D. Mu ca dung dch khng i.
A ng lun . Propan p th ; xiclopropan Vng 3 cnh p cng C 2 p u khng to ra kh
Cu 37: Cho hn hp 2 ankan A v B th kh, c t l s mol trong hn hp: n
A
: n
B
= 1 : 4. Khi lng phn
t trung bnh l 52,4. Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan A v B ln lt l:
A. C
2
H
6
v C
4
H
10
. B. C
5
H
12
v C
6
H
14
. C. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
. D. C
4
H
10
v C
3
H
8
T l nA : nB = 1 : 4 => chn nA = x => nB = 4x Mnh thng ly x nhn vi t l => PT 1 n
mA + mB x.MA + 4x.MB MA + 4.MB
M 52, 4 MA+ 4MB = 262
nA + nB x +4x 5
= = = =

Mo : Th p n => A. C2H6 30 v C4H10 58 vo (I) => Tha mn => A ng

B,C,D u sai Mnh ngi vit th Hoc c th gi A , B l CnH2n+2 ; CmH2m+2
=> 14n + 2 + 4.(14m + 2) = 262 14n + 64m = 252 ri th n,m t cc p n
Cu 38: Khi tin hnh craking 22,4 lt kh C
4
H
10
(ktc) thu c hn hp A gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
,
H
2
v C
4
H
10
d. t chy hon ton A thu c gam CO
2
v y gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca v y tng ng l:
A. 176 v 180. B. 44 v 18. C. 44 v 72. D. 176 v 90.
BT nguyn t ca mt cht trc v sau p khng quan trng trung gian .
Ban u l C4H10 v cui cng l CO2 ; H2O .
BT Nguyn t C : 4nC4H10 = nCO2 nCO2 = 4 mol => m = 176 g
V C4H10 c 4C => 4nC4H10 ; CO2 c 1C => nCO2
BT Nguyn t H : 10nC4H10 = 2nH2O nH2O = 5 mol => m = 90 g => D
V C4H10 c 10H => 10nC4H10 ; H2O c 2H => 2nH2O
Cu 39: Craking n-butan thu c 35 mol hn hp A gm H
2
, CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
v mt phn butan
cha b craking. Gi s ch c cc phn ng to ra cc sn phm trn. Cho A qua bnh nc brom d thy cn
li 20 mol kh. Nu t chy hon ton A th thu c mol CO
2
.
a. Hiu sut phn ng to hn hp A l:
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- 7 -
A. 57,14%. B. 75,00%. C. 42,86%. D. 25,00%.
Tng qut : Ankan => Ankan + Anken : CnH2n+2 => CmH2m +2 + Cn-mH2(n-m) (1)
Hoc CnH2n+2=> CnH2n + H2 (2)
Trng hp c bit : 2CH4 => C2H2 + 3H2 P iu ch axetilen
Cracking ankan lun to ra anken Tr CH4 CnH2n VD: VD: C4H8 => C2H6 + C2H4
Hoc C4H8 => CH4 + C3H6 ; C4H8 => H2 + C4H8
V nAnkan cracking = nAnken to thnh. (ci ny p dng)
Ngoi ra cn CT .
X
X
Y
Y
M nY
d "V mX = mY"
nX M
= =
X l trc p , Y l sau p Bo ton khi lng
S mol kh tng sau p chnh bng s mol ankan tham gia p. V Theo PT : 1 v 2
Ly mol hn hp sau p - mol hn hp trc p = n hn hp cracking
VD : C4H10 => CH4 + C3H6 Gi s ban u c 1 mol C4H8
Ban u: 1mol
P : x mol => xmol xmol
Sau p : 1 x => x x => n Sau p = 1-x + x + x = 1 +x
n trc p = 1 mol => nSau p - n Trc p = (1+x) 1 = x = nAnkan cracking
Gii: Khi cracking th sn phm ca cc phng trnh u cha anken.
Khi cho hn hp qua nc Br2 => Ch c anken p
nAnken p = nhn hp n cn li = 35 20 = 15 mol = nAnkan Cracking Cng thc
T CT : nsau n trc = n cracking 35 n trc = 15 n Trc = 20
H% = n cracking.100% / n ban u = 15.100%/20 = 75%

Phn ny c CT gii dng.
n sau n trc = n cracking ;
X
X
Y
Y
M nY
d "V mX = mY"
nX M
= =
; n cracking = n anken
H% = ncracking .100% / n ban u
T l th tch = t l s mol => C th thay mol bng Th tch
b. Gi tr ca l:
A. 140. B. 70. C. 80. D. 40.
Bo ton nguyn tt C : 4nC4H10 ban u = nCO2 = 20.4 = 80 mol
V nC (trong C4H10) =

nC(trong hn hp A) m

nC = nCO2 => 4nC4H10 = nCO2

V C4H10 c 4C => 4nC4H10 ; CO2 c 1C => nCO2
Cu 40: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o
cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
6
H
14
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
4
H
10
. D. C
5
H
12
.
Ta c mX = mY BT khi lng T l th tch bng t l s mol
=> 3VX = VY 3nX = nY
mX mY
3.
MX MY
=
MX = 3MY v mX = mY
M MY = 12.2 = 24 T khi vi H2 = 12 => MX = 72 = 14n+2 Ankan : CnH2n+2 n = 5 => D :C5H12
Cu 41: Khi crackinh hon ton mt ankan X thu c hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit
v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H
2
bng 29. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
6
H
14
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
4
H
10
. D. C
5
H
12
Bi ny thiu d kin : Cracking hon ton 1 ankan X thu c hn hp Y ; Th tch X bng tch Y.
Lm nh bi 40 => MX = MY = 58 = 14n+2 n = 4 => C : C4H10
Cu 42: Craking 8,8 gam propan thu c hn hp A gm H
2
, CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
v mt phn propan cha b
craking. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 90%. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca A l:
A. 39,6. B. 23,16. C. 2,315. D. 3,96.
n propan C3H8 ban u = 0,2 mol ; nPropan cracking = 0,2.90%/100% = 0,18 mol V H% = 90%
AD: n sau p n trc p = n craking n sau = n trc + ncracking = 0,2 + 0,18 = 0,38 mol
m sau = m trc = 8,8g => M sau = 8,8/0,38 = 23,16 => B
Cu 43: Craking 40 lt n-butan thu c 56 lt hn hp A gm H
2
, CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
v mt phn n-
butan cha b craking (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Gi s ch c cc phn ng to
ra cc sn phm trn. Hiu sut phn ng to hn hp A l:
A. 40%. B. 20%. C. 80%. D. 20%.
ADCT : Vsau p - V trc p = V cracking V cracking = 56 40 = 16 lt
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- 8 -
=> H% = V cracking.100% / V ban u Hay V trc = 16.100% / 40 = 40%
Cu 44: Craking m gam n-butan thu c hp A gm H
2
, CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
v mt phn butan
cha b craking. t chy hon ton A thu c 9 gam H
2
O v 17,6 gam CO
2
. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,8. B. 11,6. C. 2,6. D. 23,2.
Ta lun c mhidrocabon = 12.nCO2 + 2. nH2O
V nC trong CxHy = nCO2 ; nH trong CxHy = 2nH2O Bo ton nguyn t C, H
P dng cng thc trn => m = 12.0,4 + 2.0,5 = 5,8 g => A
Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oi khng kh (trong
khng kh, oi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh (
ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
Bo ton nguyn t O trc v sau p :
2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O trong O2 c 2O ; trong CO2 c 2O ; trong H2O c 1O
2nO2 = 2.0,35 + 0,55 nO2 = 0,625 mol => VO2 p = 14 lt => Vkk = 5VO2 = 70 lt V Oxi chim 20% kk
hay 1/5 khng kh
Cu 46: t chy mt hn hp hirocacbon ta thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O th th tch O
2

tham gia phn ng chy (ktc) l:
A. 5,6 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
Cu 47: Hn hp kh A gm etan v propan. t chy hn hp A thu c kh CO
2
v hi H
2
O theo t l th
tch 11:15. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp l:
A. 18,52% ; 81,48%. B. 45% ; 55%. C. 28,13% ; 71,87%. D. 25% ; 75%.
Xem li bi 27 => Ankan c k = 0 => nhn hp ankan = nH2O nCO2
CT ankan = CnH2n+2 => n = nCO2/nankan = nCO2/(nH2O nCO2)
Khi hn hp ankan th
n
= nCO2/(nH2O nCO2)
T l nCO2 : nH2O = 11 : 15 => Chn nCO2 =11 mol => nH2O = 15mol
=>
n
= 11/(15 11) = 2,75 => 0,25n Propan = 0,75n Etan hay nPropan = 3nEtan
Chn netan = 1 => nPropan = 3 => % theo khi lng Propan = 3.44.100%/ (1.30 + 3.44) =81,48% => A
Mi ngi nn xem qua phn phng php gii nhanh => T l s mol hoc %V nhanh t
n

i vi 2 cht lin tip
n
= n, => S ng sau => chnh l %V Cht c C ln v 1 0, . n B (C ln) = . nA (C nh)
V nu
n
= 3,4 => n = 3 v n = 4 V lin tip c th l ankan => %V C4H10 = 40% => %V C3H8 = 60 % ;
( 1- 0,4).nC4H10 = 0,4nC3H8 0,6 nC4H10 = 0,4 nC3H8 3 nC4H10 = 2nC3H8 T l
Cu 48: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO
2
v 0,132 mol H
2
O. Khi X
tc dng vi kh clo thu c 4 sn phm monoclo. Tn gi ca X l:
A. 2-metylbutan. B. etan.
C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylpropan.
Gi CT : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,11 : 0,264 = 5 : 12 => X l C5H12 (p n 5C )
X tc dng to ra 4 sn phm monoclo .
Xt A. 2 metyl butan :
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 => To ra 4 sp => A ng
CH3
B , C , D u ch to ra 1 .
Cu 49: Mt hn hp 2 ankan lin tip trong dy ng ng c t khi hi vi H
2
l 24,8.
a. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
. B. C
4
H
10
v C
5
H
12
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
. D. Kt qu khc
Ankan => CT trung bnh :
n 2n
C H +2 => M = 14n 2 = 24,8.2 <=> n 3,4 =>n = 3 v n =4 + =
Do lin tip => C3H8 v C4H10
b. Thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca 2 ankan l:
A. 30% v 70%. B. 35% v 65%. C. 60% v 40%. D. 50% v 50%
AD bi 47 => n 3,4 = => %V C4H10 C ln = 40% ; %V C3H8 = 60%
Cu 50: iu kin tiu chun c 1 hn hp kh gm 2 hirocacbon no A v B, t khi hi ca hn hp i vi
H
2
l 12. a. Khi lng CO
2
v hi H
2
O sinh ra khi t chy 15,68 lt hn hp ( ktc).
A. 24,2 gam v 16,2 gam. B. 48,4 gam v 32,4 gam. C. 40 gam v 30 gam. D. Kt qu khc.
Hn hp 2 hidrocacbon no => CT:
n 2n
C H +2
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M = 12.2 = 24 Do t khi vi H2 = 12 = 14 n + 2 => n =; => CT :
11 36
7 7
C H
Mo: PT p :
11 36
7 7
11 18
C H + O2 => CO2 + H2O
7 7

Ta c 0,7 mol => 1,1mol 1,8 mol => mCO2 = 48,4g ; mH2O = 32,4 g => B
b. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. CH
4
v C
3
H
8
. C. CH
4
v C
4
H
10
. D. C A, B v C.
Ta c 1 < n = 11/7 => Chc chn hn hp s c CH4 => A , B , C tha mn
Cu 51: t 10 cm
3
mt hirocacbon bng 80 cm
3
oi (ly d). Sn phm thu c sau khi cho hi nc ngng
t cn 65 cm
3
trong c 25 cm
3
oi d. Cc th tch trong cng iu kin. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C
4
H
10
. B. C
4
H
6
. C. C
5
H
10
. D. C
3
H
8
Gi CT : CxHy
Ngng t hi nc => Cn 65cm
3
m c 25cm
3
oxi d => 65 cm
3
l ca CO2 v O2 d
VCO2 = 65 25 = 40 cm
3
=> x = VCO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 40 / 10 = 4
VO2 p = 80 25 = 65 cm
3
=> x + y/4 = VO2 / Vhidrocacbon = 65 / 10
4 + y/4 = 6,5 y = 6 => C4H6 => B
Cu 52: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai ankan k tip trong dy ng ng c 24,2 gam CO
2
v 12,6
gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t 2 ankan l:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
. D. C
4
H
10
v C
5
H
12
Ankan => ADCT :
nCO2 0,55
n= = =3,67=> n =3 (C3H8) v n =4 (C4H10) =>C
nH2O - nCO2 0,7-0,55

Cu 53: X l hn hp 2 ankan. t chy ht 10,2 gam X cn 25,76 lt O
2
(ktc). Hp th ton b sn phm
chy vo nc vi trong d c m gam kt ta.
a. Gi tr m l:
A. 30,8 gam. B. 70 gam. C. 55 gam. D. 15 gam
Mo . Mnh hay dng cch ny ch bm my tnh :
Gi x ,y l s mol CO2 v H2O => m hn hp X = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = 12x + 2y = 10,2
CT xem pp gii nhanh hoc => m hn hp X = mC + mH M nC = nCO2 ; nH = 2nH2O
BT nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2x + y = 2,3
Gii h => x = 0,7 ; y = 0,9 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 Kt ta = 0,7 => m kt ta = 70g
b. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH
4
v C
4
H
10
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
4
H
10
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
. D. C A, B v C.
ADCT :
nCO2 0,7
n= = 3, 5
nH2O - nCO2 0,9-0,7
= A, B , C u ph hp v n nm gia s C 2 cht . => D
Cch khc vit PT :
(3n+1)
CnH2n+2 + O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O
2
;
2, 3
(3n+1)
mol<=1,15 mol
10,2
=> M CnH2n+2 = 14n +2 = 2,3.(14n +2) = 10,2(3n+1) <=> n = 3,5
2,3
3n+1

Th vo PT : C3,5H9 + 5,75O2 => 3,5 CO2 + 4,5H2O
1,15 => 0,7 =>0,9 Cch ny c th tm c n lun nhng mt nhiu cng
Cu 54: Hirocacbon X chy cho th tch hi nc gp 1,2 ln th tch CO
2
(o cng k). Khi tc dng vi clo
to mt dn ut monoclo duy nht. X c tn l:
A. isobutan. B. propan. C. etan. D. 2,2- imetylpropan.
Gi CT : CxHy => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH
2
O = VCO
2
: 2 VH
2
O = 1 : 2,4 = 5 : 12 => C5H12 => Loi B v C
Ch to ra mt dxut monoclo duy nht => D ; A c th to thnh 4dxut monoclo duy nht CT : iso.. = s C 1
Cu 55: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip, sau phn ng thu c
VCO
2
:VH
2
O =1:1,6 (o cng k). X gm:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. C. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
6
. D. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
.
VCO2 : VH2O = 1 : 1,6 nCO2 : nH2O = 1 : 1,6 Chn nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = 1,6
ADCT :
nCO2 1
n= = =1,67=>n=1v n = 2
nH2O - nCO2 1,6- 1
=> A T l th tch = t l s mol => Thay n = V
Cu 56: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo nc vi trong c
20 gam kt ta. c b kt ta ri un nng phn nc lc li c 10 gam kt ta na. Vy X khng th l:
A. C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
4
. C. CH
4
. D. C
2
H
2
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- 10 -
Xem bi 97 chuyn 1 => nCO2 = nCaCO3 + 2nCaCO3 nung = 0,2 + 2.0,1 = 0,4
=> x = nCO2 / nX = 2 S C trong X => A , B , D u tha mn => C sai Khng th 1C
Cu 57: n gin ta em ng l hn hp cc ng phn ca hean v khng kh gm 80% N
2
v 20% O
2

(theo th tch). T l th tch ng (hi) v khng kh cn ly l bao nhiu ng c chy hon ton trong
cc ng c t trong ?
A. 1: 9,5. B. 1: 47,5. C. 1:48. D. 1:50
ng phn hexan => Tng l hexan : c CT : C6H14
x + y/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 6 + 14/4 = nO2 / nC6H14 = 9,5 nkk / nC6H14 = 5.9,5 = 47,5 => B
V Vkk = 5VO2 VO2 = Vkk / 5 hay nO2 = nkk /5= nkk / 5.nC6H14 = 9,5 => nkk / nC6H14 = 47,5
=>B T l V = t l s mol
Cu 58: t chy hon ton hn hp hai hirocacbon ng ng c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 vC,
ta thu c 4,48 l CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4 gam H
2
O. CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon trn l:
A. C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. B. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
.

C. C
3
H
4
v C
5
H
8
. D. CH
4
v C
3
H
8
.
Mo : Ta c nH2O > nCO2 0,3 > 0,2 => k = 0 => Loi A , B , C A c k =1 ; B v C c k = 2 => D
Cch khc: ADCT :
nCO2 0,2
n= = =2
nH2O - nCO2 0,3- 0,2
=> Chc chn c n =1 Khng th c n =2 c v 2 cht hn
km nhau 28vc; = 2 khi v ch khi c 2 cht l phn Vi n=1 => CH4 v C
3
H
8
v hn km nhau 28 => D ng
Cu 59: Cho 224,00 lt metan (ktc) qua h quang c V lt hn hp A (ktc) cha 12% C
2
H
2
;10% CH
4
;
78%H
2
(v th tch). Gi s ch y ra 2 phn ng: 2CH
4
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2
(1) CH
4
C + 2H
2
(2)
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 407,27. B. 448,00. C. 520,18. D. 472,64.
Cu 60: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v
7,2 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 5,60. B. 6,72. C. 4,48. D. 2,24.
Hn hp A u l ankan hay c k = 0
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp 0,4 nCO2 = 0,1 nCO2 = 0,3 => V = 6,72 lt => B
Cu 61: t chy hon ton 6,72 lt hn hp A (ktc) gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
, C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
, thu c 11,2 lt kh
CO
2
(ktc) v 12,6 gam H
2
O. Tng th tch ca C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
(ktc) trong hn hp A l:
A. 5,60. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 2,24.
Hn hp A gm ankan CH4;C2H6;C3H8 v anken C2H4 v C3H6
nH2O nCO2 = nhn hp ankan V nH2O = nCO2 trng hp anken t chy => tr cho nhau trit tiu =>
cn li nH2O nCO2 = n ankan => nhn hp ankan = 0,7 0,5 = 0,2 mol
n hn hp anken = nhn hp A nhn hp Ankan = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol => V = 2,24 lt
Cu 62: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
thu c mol CO
2
v 18x gam H
2
O. Phn
trm th tch ca CH
4
trong A l:
A. 30%. B. 40%. C. 50%. D. 60%.
Thu c x mol CO2 v 18x g H2O => nCO2 = nH2O = x mol => ging trng hp k = 1
Hn hp A cha ankan l CH4 k=0 v ankin :C2H2 ; C3H4 ; C4H6 k=2
thnh k =1 => nCH4 = nC2H2 + nC3H4 + nC4H6 => %CH4 = 50% Mt na
Cu 63: t chy hon ton hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip thu c 96,8 gam
CO
2
v 57,6 gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
. D. C
4
H
10
v C
5
H
12
nH2O > nCO2 => k = 0 ankan ADCT => n => B ng
Cu 64: Hn hp kh X gm 2 hirocacbon A v B l ng ng k tip. t chy X vi 64 gam O
2
(d) ri dn
sn phm thu c qua bnh ng Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 100 gam kt ta. Kh ra khi bnh c th tch 11,2 lt
0
o
C v 0,4 atm. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
. D. C
4
H
10
v C
5
H
12

Kh thot ra khi bnh l O2 d V sn phm c CO2 v H2O b hp th ht khi qua Ca(OH)2 cn li O2
nO2 d = PV/T.0,082 = 0,4.11,2 / 273.0,082 = 0,2 mol => nO2 p = 2 0,2 = 1,8 mol
p n => A, B u l Ankan ; nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 1 mol
PT :
(3n+1)
CnH2n+2 + O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O
2

Ta c: 1,8 1
(3n+1)
=> 1. = 1,8n <=> n=1,67=>n=1v n =2 =>A
2
Nhn cho
Cu 65: Khi chy hton V lt hh kh CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
(ktc) thu c 44 gam CO
2
v 28,8 gam H
2
O. Gtr ca V l:
A. 8,96. B. 11,20. C. 13,44. D. 15,68.
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Hn hp kh u l ankan => n hn hp = nH2O nCO2 = 1,6 1 = 0,6 => V = 13,44 lt = > C
Cu 66: Khi t chy hon ton 7,84 lt hn hp kh gm CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
(ktc) thu c 16,8 lt kh CO
2

(ktc) v gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca l:
A. 6,3. B. 13,5. C. 18,0. D. 19,8.
Tng t bi 65 => D nH2O = nhn hp ankan + nCO2
Cu 67: Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9,0
gam H
2
O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l:
A. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
. B. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
. C. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10
. D. C
4
H
10
v C
5
H
12
.
Ankan => ADCT tnh
nCO2
n=
nH2O - nCO2
=> B
Cu 68: Np mt hn hp kh c 20% th tch ankan A v 80% th tch O
2
(d) vo kh nhin k. Sau khi cho
n ri cho hi nc ngng t nhit ban u th p sut trong kh nhin k gim i 2 ln. Thit lp cng
thc phn t ca ankan A.
A. CH
4
. B. C
2
H
6
. C. C
3
H
8
. D.C
4
H
10
.
Hn hp 20% V ankan A v 80% V O2 => T l th tch = t l s mol => 4nA = nO2
chn nA = 1 mol => nO2 = 4 mol
PT :
(3n+1)
CnH2n+2 + O2 => n CO2 + (n+1)H2O
2

Ban u: 1 mol 4mol
P 1 mol =>
(3n+1)
2
mol => n mol n+1 mol
Sau p 4
(3n+1)
2
n mol n+1 mol
Sau khi ngng t hi nc => n hn hp sau = nO2 d + nCO2 to thnh = 4
(3n+1)
2
+ n
n trc p = nAnkan + nO2 = 1 + 4 = 5 mol
Ta c : n hn hp ban u / n hn hp sau =
P1.V
n1 P1 P1 T.0,082
= = = =2
P2.V P1
n2 P2
T.0,082 2

V th tch khng thay i + Nhit khng thay i + p sut gim 1 na
=> 5 10
=2<=> =2 <=> n= 2
(3n+1) 7 - n
4 - +n
2
=> C2H6
Bi ny tng qut mnh qun l 1 cht => khng phi n m l n nh

Cu 69: t chy mt s mol nh nhau cua 3 hirocacbon K, , M ta thu c lng CO
2
nh nhau v t l s
mol nc v CO
2
i vi s mol ca K, , M tng ng l 0,5 : 1 : 1,5. Xc nh CT K, , M (vit theo th t
tng ng):
A. C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
. B. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
4
, C
2
H
4
. C. C
3
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
3
H
8
.D. C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
Ta thy t cng 1 s mol to ra cng 1 lng CO2 => K, L , M cng s C.
K => nH2O / nCO2 = 1/2 => chn nH2O = 1 => nCO2 = 2 nCO2 > nH2O Ankin CnH2n-2
ADCT : => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 2 / (2 -1) = 2 => C2H2
TH2 : nH2O / nCO2 = 1 => nH2O = nCO2 => anken => C2H4 v K,L,M cng s C
TH3 : nH2O / nCO2 =3/2 => chn nH2O = 3 => nCO2 = 2 nH2O > nCO2 Ankan CnH2n+2
ADCT => n = nCO2 / (nH2O nCO2) = 2 / (3-2) =2 => C2H6 Hoc thy cng s C => n=2 =>D
Cu 70: Nung m gam hn hp X gm 3 mui natri ca 3 ait no n chc vi NaOH d thu c
cht rn D v hn hp Y gm 3 ankan. T khi ca Y so vi H
2
l 11,5. Cho D tc dng vi H
2
SO
4

d thu c 17,92 lt CO
2
(ktc). a. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,0. B. 84,8. C. 42,4. D. 71,2.
Axit no n chc => k = 0 Gc hidrocabon ; m = 1 S chc
=> CnH2n +2 - 1 COOH Xc nh theo cch 1 Hay CnH2n +1 COOH
=> Mui : CnH2n +1 COONa SGK 11 nc 252 Tnh cht ha hc nh axit
PT : CnH2n +1 COONa +NaOH => CnH2n +2 (hhY) + Na2CO3 (D) (1)P iu ch ankan SGK 11nc 146
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- 12 -
Ta c Na2CO3 + H2SO4 => Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
nNa2CO3 = nCO2 = 0,8 mol Th vo PT 1 => nNa2CO3 = nhhY = nNaOH = 0,8 mol
BT khi lng => m + mNaOH = mhh Y + mNa2CO3
m + 0,8.40 = 0,8.11,5.2 + 0,8.106 V t l khi Y so vi H2 = 11,5 => m = 71,2 g => D
b. Tn gi ca 1 trong 3 ankan thu c l:
A. metan. B. etan. C. propan. D. butan.
Ta c M hh Y = 11,5 . 2 = 23 = 14n +2 => n = 1,5 => Chc chn phi c n =1 => CH4 => A


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