KGOA Souvenir 2013 Part 3 Pages 121-192

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-ô-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI
2013
kmn
IhnX
hnt\mZv sshimJn
s-dnp
hnfn--h s]ns\
{]W-b-ap-{Z-bn
]qp-t]m-bv, ]n-h
honse
P\]m-fn-bn Imp-t]m
sXmp-\n-evpp
a-cw-t]m-e-h
s]n-\p-n
]qNq-SnSpw ]pg
an-ep
angn-n-cn-h-n-I
Dn-tep Wn-tWm!
C-se,
I-am-{X
sXmSp-sm-cm-IjWw
th! HmSp Xohn
]nsmcp
s]p hoWp
acn Pem-ibw
tX-bmse arKw
P\ In-ta
aon-Sp-p,
tXmp-t]m-Im-X-h
C hmXn Xpd-n-,
hm-bn
\-ambn InS-p-hm
h-h...
H-bm-\mbv aS-pp
asm-cp,
honse P\
n-I aop-hm
123

2013
kmn
IY
. Fw.-F.-hn-\-b-Ip-am
-bpsS Fgpv tai-p-dv InS-p-p.

HcmgvN ap]mWv AXv h-Xv. ]{mw
XobXn IpSpw-_-k-taXw \mn-se-m-\mbn
Sn-s-Sp-n-cp--Xm-Wv. Znh-ka-Sptm
]cn-]mSn amn.
A-c- Xn sXmSmsX Ip\pIp\m FgpXn \nd-n-cn-p-p. CS-Xp-h-ipw
apI `mK-p-ap amPn-\n-tepw ]Xn-hpt]mse kzc-fpw hyRvP-\-fpw k-Sfpw Ib-dn-n-Sn-n-pv.
CuhI Fgp-p-Ismpw Fs
kzm[o-\n-m Ign-bn-sv ]e-X-hW ]dn-p--Xm-Wv. IpWp-p-I-fn-m `mjbmWv F\n-n-w. C-bv-X-dn-bp-Ibpw
sNmw. ]ns IYtbm Ihn-Xtbm Fgp-Xm\-dnp IqSm--Xn-\mepw a\v Xpd-m
Hcmsf Inm--Xn-\mepw a\-n sIn\nn-b-sXmw CeUv Inp-tm Xpdp-hn-Sp-p.
C Pmtem-dn-emWv cmP-m-\nse Hcp
Pnm Bm-\-am-sW-nepw \psS Hcp
{Kma-tmfw t]m ]-Ww. Hcp kn\nam
Xntb--dn-. Hcp tImtf-Pn-. henb Bip-]{Xn-bn-. BsI Ipdv s]mSn-]n-Sn km
sIn-S-fpw Hcp aotKPv sdbnth-tj\pw H cm{Xn-smv Al--Zm-_m-Znsemw FXv `mKyw. cm{Xn-sImv Fp
]d-bp-tm ]I hn Inn F-Xp-Xs-bmWv [cn-t--Xv. s]mp NqSp-\n-an-amtWm Atmv ]I _pw Xoh-nbp-an-m-Xv Fv kwibw tXmn-bn-cp-p.
tam\p a\-n-em-hm-n-m, ChnsS hp\nv A\p-`-hn--dn-bWw hon-\-I-n-cp-m
Xe-bv-Iv Ftm ]pI-p-I-bdpw
AXn-cm-hn-se-s ]pd-n-d-n-bmtem
hkv{X--Sn-bn-eqsS Hmtcm \nan-jhpw
Hmtcm IpSw sh-amWv Dun-d-p-I.
C-s\-sbm-s-bmWv C FgpXp-I. XWp-n-s\-p-dn-m-bmepw C{X

ISp `mj-Xs D]-tbm-Kn-pw.
\mn- Pohn-p--hv F-s\bm-bmepw CsXmpw a\-n-em-hn.
Hcp Znhkw Fs Xebvv s\mmhpw.
AXp-Xs kw`-hn-p. tPmenmcnbmb Cbvv apn Hcp Znhkw
temIw Iogvta adn-p. NnInbvv \mn htc-n-h-p.
]no-Sp Fgp-p-Iv aq
IqSn-sm-n-cp-p. Bsctbm tXmnm thn-sb-tmWw XpS-bmbn
C-sb-gp-Xn.
Ctm tai-p-d-p Iv Iqn-sem-mbn Icp-Xn-b-Xm-bn-cp-p.
""ao tKPv sse s]mfn-n-cn-pIbmWv. ]Wn \S-p-p. Hcp hjambn CXp-hgn Xohnbn.'' ap]v
]e-X-hW Fgp-Xnb kwK-Xn-I
hopw Hman-n-p-I-bm-Wv.
""Al--Zm-_m-Zn _n-dn \Kcw apgp-h Npn thWw sdbnth-tj-\n-se-m-. ss^k-en-s\bpw
ssk\-_-tbbpw sImv Ctm
Al--Zm-_m-Zn-eqsS k-cn-m
ss[cyw t]mcm. A-Xp-sImv Snv
Imk sNp-p. C\n ASp
sImw hcmw.'' C{X-bp-amWv Inse
hnh-c- Bsctbm Ipn t\mhn-m\mbn a\:]qw Fgp-Xnb Nne hcnIfpw IqsS-bp-v.
""C F-s\-bm-Wn-hnsS Ign-bp-sXv \n\--dn-bn tamt\. tKm{[sbpw k_a-Xn-sbpw apw ]{X-
125
kmn
tIc-f K-kUv Hm-ô-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013
-fn hmbn-p-tm \n-f-hnsS-bn-cpv FmWv a\-n-em-p-sXv F\n--dn-p-IqSm.

C\nbnsm bp-am-Wp-t]m-epw.''
C A-co--n \nv
Hmtcmv hen-q-cn-X-e-bn
shbvp-I-bm-Wv. ]pw CXm-bncpp kz`m-hw. bm{X amn-shbvp hnh-c-n\v Is-gpXnbXv D In-n-. tai-p-dp-s-nepw \S-m hm-Xn-\m AXv In s]n-.
C-bpsS Fgpv ImWmmTw ]Tnv AY-a-dn-bmsX Dcphn-S-em-bn-cpp D-bpsS ]Wn.
CSbvv In \nv ]Tn
Nne kwK-Xn-I tNmZy-cq-]n FSpnSpw. e-Ime
_--fn-m tNmZy--fmhpw AXv.
Hcp-Zn-hkw apv Ifn-p IpnI-fpsS CSbn-tev Ib-dn-sv Atms Dcw
Int ASn-b-c {]m[m-\y-ap hnj-b-sa
\nebn D tNmZn-p.
""atf Cu s]mJvdmp-hm m hteyt_mw_m?
126
Ipn-I Aev]-t\cw Aw hnp-\n-p. ]ns

Iq-tmsS Nnn-p.
In\v henb {]m[m-\y-sampw Rm Iev]n-n-cpn-. Cbpw Ipn-Ifpw sIm-n-sem-cn- hp
t]mhp-Xv apS-n. AXn-semcp hnj-a-ap-mbn Fpam-{Xw.
""ss^k anTmbn hmm t]mb-Xm-bn-cp-p.
cp-aqv t] tNv Ahs ssI ]nSnv sRcn-p.
ssIbnse Nnd \mW-b- hmn HmS-bn-te-s-dnp. C\n anTmbn hmn-m htczm-Sm-\m-bns
tamt\'' Fv t]Sn-n-p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]Xnqv hbm Ah\v. Rms\p sNpw?
Cs\ ss^k-en-s\-p-dn-s-gp-Xp--Xn\p ]Icw
Nne-tm H-I-ns Inse ssZ\y-s-p-dnmhpw Fgp-Xp-I. a\p-jyp thn am_nfpw
{Kmss\pw Npa-p H-Iw. ]ns aqhm-bncw ASn
Db-c-n-tev ]Sn-I Ibdn ]gb sImmcw \npn-S-tv Iv Npa-p-I-b-p a\p-jy. Acn-sSp am_n ImWv Ah Npa-p-sIm-p-t]m-hpI. Hcp Iv apI-fn-se-n-m Ahsp Inpw?
Bthm. B-dn-bmw. Nne-tm ]W-ambn Hpw
Inp-p-m-hn-. ]ucm-Wn-I-`m-h- In\-, H-In-sbpw Iv Npap Ib-p a\p-jy-sbpw apJm-Wv.
""Zmcn-{Zy-n\v Hcp \nd-ap-v. ChnsS Pmtem-dn

2013
kmn
hm AXv ImWmw. CSp-p-h-gn-bn-tev Xpd-psh Iq-kp-I-fp-ambn \np hoSp-I. B hgnbn-eqsS amen-\y- ]pXv \S-p-t]m-Ip a\pjy. ]t, hni-n-s\-n Ah kwkm-cn-p-Itb
C.. Ah-X-dn-p-Iq-Sm-bn-cn-pw. a\-n-em-bn-t.
Rm Fhn-sS-bmWv Pohn-p--sXv''
sjmWq sdbnth-t-js ]miz-n HcpI-\-Imw-_-c-apv. anp a-q--fp-ambn Xfnta\n-bp-ev Ftmgpw Imn-t\mSv IpWp-p I\Imw-_cw BIm-iv Ipfnv \oe-\n-d-am-bn-o
]qm--I GXp-t\-chpw AXns\ hebw sNbvXv
\npw. AXns\ Hv t\mp-Itbm AXn-s\-pdnv Hcp \ hmNIw ]d-bp-Itbm sNp-Xv
sdbnth tj-\n-se-p ]e-cp-tSbpw Pohn-Xns `mK-am-Wv.
F\nv Csb Hmm\pw Xmc-Xayw sNm-\pap--XmWv I\Imw-_cw. ]q \nd-bp-tm
AXns apn sNp-\np-Xv kpJ-am-Wv.
\ntXy\ Ggp aWn-q Xoh-n-bn AsXmcp
sNdnb Imcy-a-. F\nv t]m--Sn-msc Im
a\-n-em-hp-sa-m-bn. A-\s ]e kwL-fpv.
Ah-cn Nne FtmSv kabw tNmZn-p-Itbm
Ctm GXv tj-\mbn Fv tNmZn-p-Itbm
sNp-tm Adv tXmm-dp-v. Xo-bmbpw Ah
km[m-cW a\p-jy-c-.
hf aqv, Npns Akm-[m-cW \ndw, sNhn
Btcm ]nSnv Xncp-n-bm-se hn[-ap Nph-v.
Cs\ ]e Xc-n Ah- ap{Z-sh-bv-s-n-p-v.
Xnc-p hn-bn Ah \S-p KqVm-temN-\-I ASp-p-\nv tIm Nne-tm-sgms
F\nv Ah-kcw e`n-n-cp-p. _mKv sbvUp-shv
Iodp-Xv Rm t\cnp In-p-v. AsXms
hnfnp ]d-bm ]mSn-sv F\n--dn-bmw. PohnXw
\ne-\n-p-t]m-I-W-a-tm. Cse asmcp ImgvN
ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn.
t]m--Sn-m-cn Nne thjw amdn-bn-cn-p-p.
s\n-bnIpdn, Imhn-h-kv{Xw, Imhn-sIm-smcp Xtespw Ah aqp-t] kwLw-tNv I-tm
F\nv BZyw Akz-X tXmn. Ah-cpsS apJn\v Ctm h amw `b-ap-f-hm-p--Xm-Wv.
]t, ]ns Rm k-ev]n-Xv GsX-nepw kocnb A`n-\-b-n-\p thj-am-hp-sa-mWv jqnMv
sbvkn \nv A`n-\-bn-p thj-n NmSn-p-ds-p-t]m-cm Chsmcp aSn-bp-an-?
C-es ImgvN C-s\-bm-bn-cp-p. \mbn

hkv{Xw [cn Hcp s]Ipn Ah-cpsS Acn-In-eqsS
Bfp-I hI-p-amn \Sp \op-I-bm-bn-cp-p,
B Ipn-bpsS _p- ASp Imvsantem
atm Dm-bn-cp-n-cn-mw. sXsmcp IuXp-I-tmsS
Cdn \S--Xm-bn-cpp Ah.
B ]pXnb thj-m-cn-sem-cm Ahsf tNp
]nSn-Xpw Npn Npp-tNXpw Hcp-anv Ignp. s]Ipn Ad-tmsS ]nd-tImv amdp-Ibpw
Ae-dn--c-bm-\mbn hm Xpd-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. iw
]pd-p-h-n-.
Snv ]cn-tim-[n-m-s\-nb tImpw kyqp-an
Hcm Ah-cpsS ASp-p-IqsS \S-p-t]m-hp-p-m-bncp-p. Abmfpw Ahcpw Xn Fs-nepw kwkmcn-n-p-m-h-Ww. Cm-cy-n CS-s]-S-cpXv Ftm
atm Ah hmin-]n-Sn-n-p-m-h-Ww. DtZym-K-
A\p-k-c-W-tSv ImWn-n--cn-pw.
Ccp Imhn-h-kv{X--I-p-\nv Ah
sNdnb iqe- ]pd-s-Sp-p. HXp--apXpw
]pXn-b-Xp-am-bn-cpp Ah. Bbp[w Fp ]d-bm-\n-.
at\m-l-c-amb ImgvN-X-s-bm-bn-cp-p.
Ah-cn-sem-cm Abmsf Hma-\nbvpw hn[w B
sNdnb iqew-sImv Xtem-Sn. ]ns Abm-fpsS
Nn\v Ipn. tNmc s]mn-m-Sn-. hmXn\nv
Abm ]pd-tbvv hogp-Ibpw sNbvIp. Cu
sNbvXn-Iv Aev]-k-a-bta thn-h-p-q.
Cs ]{X-n AXn-s\--n-bp hmsbmpw In-. Hcp-]t GsX-nepw Hcp-aq-e-bn
B hm-am\w InS-p-m-Ipw. {i-bns-Sm--Xmhmw.
I\-Imw-_cw Xsm-Snpw hmSnbpw \np-p.
Cv Btcm AXns\ t{Zmln-n-p-v. apdp-m Xptev AXv A]-am-\n-X-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXnpv.
BIm-i-p-\nv hncp-p-h-cm-dp ]qm--I,
Ctm AXns\ h-anv ]d-p-n-.
C Fgp-Xnb h-am-\- Ctm ]pXnb
coXn-bn Fs knc-I-fn-eqsS k-cn-m XpS-nbn-p-v. Hcp \oe shfnw Xe-bv-Iv Xfw-sIn
\np-v. bm{X-n-S-bn- Rm A]-cn-Nn-X-cn \nv
Hgn-p-am-dp-p. sdbnth tj-\n apg-p
ap-dn-bn-p-I IrXy-ambn ]men-p-p. Bfp-Isf
kwi-b-tmsS hon-p-Xv ioe-ambn amdn-bn-cn-pp. C-bpsS AkpJw Fsbpw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bm-hWw.
127

2013
kmn
IY
hn
tUm. ]n.-k-Pohv Ipam
ZymnIfpw, Aym-]-Icpw kvIqfn-\-Itv tNt-dn--gn ka-b-m-bncpp Iogvp-f-c AmSnbpsS s\t-v, AhnSp-Imv A]-cn-Nn-X-\mb
Hcm a-\n-d-n-ep \mt\m Imdp-ambn
hXv Imdns apI-fn D-`m-jn-Wn-bpw,
s\n-bn "en-m' tem-dn-sbp Xnfp ndpw Dm-bn-cp-p. ssan-eqsS
]pd-t-sm-gp-Inb A\ukvsan\v
AmSn samw ImXp-Iqn-s-nepw
Am-Sn-bnse ncw temdn hn-\-mcmb A_vZp-hn-t\bpw, i-c-t\-bpw, tPmWnp-n-tbbpw AXv A-cm-n
sRn-p.
Izmdn ]Wn-m-c-\m-bn-cpp A_vZp. Hc]-I-S-nsv, he-t-m apn\p
Iosg apdnpam-s--Xns\ XpSmWv
GXm\pw h-j--fmbn temdn hnev-\-bntev Xncn-X.v ssIsImv Xncn-mhp Hcp ap-{I-ssk-n-fn ""{]hm-N-I''
F Hcp t_mUpw hmWv A_vZp
temdn hnn-cp--Xv. Dbpw, `mcy-bpw, cp
s]a-fpap A_vZp-hns IpSpw_w
Cu hcp-am-\s B{i-bn-mWv Ign-p-
Iq-Snb-Xv.
sNdpw apXse Bkva tcmKn-bm-bn-cp i-c
asmcp ]Wnbpw \mfn-Xp-hsc sNbvXn-n-. IogvIp-fc Am-Sn-bnse Ghpw ]gw sN temdn
hn-\-m-c-\mbncpp Abm. \mfn-Xp-hsc
Abmfpw PohnXw aptmp sImp-t]m-bXv temdn-hSm-em-bn-cp-p. Abmpw `mcybpw afpw
Dm-bn-cp-p.
Iq-n H--Sn-bm-bn-cp-p. tPmWn-pn.
Abmv Znh-tk\ sshIp-tcw tkh-\-_m-dn
\npw shn-cp-s t]cn-ep hne-Ip-d hntZ-iaZyw AI-m-m\pw, aqp-t\cw Am-Sn-bnse
Ipq-m-c hdo-Xns tlm-en\npw `Ww
Ign-p--Xn-\pw, amk-n Htm ctm XhW
Xs Bk-n-I Hgp-n-I-f-bm \mS thiy
X-a-Wn-bpsS AcnsI t]mIp-hm\pw tem-dn-hn\
Xs-bm-bn-cpp B{i-bw.
Am-Sn-bnse Hmtm-dnm t]-bnse ]pt]cpw \mt\m-Im-dn\p ]nmse IqSn. aqp ]e-N-cp-I-S-mcpw, \mep tj-\-dn--^mkn tjmpImcpw Anfn keq-Wnse apSn-sh-p-Im-c \mcm-bW\pw, cp tlm-ep-Imcpw XpSn Am-Sn-bn-ep
kI-e-am-\-s]nS-m hsc \mt\m-Im-dns\
kmIpXw honp Cubn-sS-bmbn s]n-I-S--mv
129
kmn
\m-bp ka-c-ns \ne-]m-Sp-X-d-bn Ah aqp]pXnb GXp hml\w Am-Sn-bn, hmepw `b-amt]cv Dd-p-\n-p.
Wv. ]m, ]ma-kme ]pI-bne D-- XpSHmtcm-cp-cpw ]e-X-c-n-ep ]I-t]m- \S-]n-bh \ntcm-[n--Xns\ XpSv, Btcm-Ky-h-Ippw
Sn-I XpS-n. Fmw mkn aqp-X-hW tXmv,
t]meokpw IS-I-fn sdbvUv \S-n-bn-cp-p. Nne
kvIq ]T\-n\v hncm-a-an-v, Ih-e-bn Id-n-\-Ss]n--S-m Ctmgpw ]e D--fpw cl-kyp cp{Zm-\v ]p-cq] sImSp-m-sav ]dambn hnn-cp-p.
mWv Hcm bp-apJw Xpd--Xv.
Imdn\v Nppw IqSn \n-Nn-e, \mfp XpSn
A-s\-bmWv Hcp Znhkw cp{Zm-s ""Hm-tdPmXIw hsc ASn-s-Sp-p. Ipd-p-Zqsc \nm-W-t{X
j \mt\m-Im'' F ]cn-]mSn Ac-t-dn-b-Xv. Xs
Abm-fpsS hc-hv, bqk^v Gsd \m {]hm-kn-bm-bn-cpa \mt\m-Im tdmUns Hcp-h-iv ]mp-sNp. \mn Xncn-s-n-bnv Hcp hj-am-bn. \mn
bvXp, bqk^v DuWp-I-gn-m FXn-sc-bp tlmXs Hcp tPmen Xc-s-Sp--W-sav IcpXn, temdn
en t]mb ka-b-mWv IrXyw \S-m cp{Zm-
hn-\-bn-tev Xncn--XmWv. ]pXnb Bfns
Xnc-s-Sp--Xv. `Wtijw Hcp hnkv knK-cv
AcnsI ]ecpw `mKyw ]co-n-m Xp\n-p. AhInv ]IpXn ]pI AI-tv hen-pw, ]IpXn
cpsS t]m-n \nv temdnv ]Ww \Ip-Xv
]pI A-co--n-tev DuXn-I-fpw cknv
ncw hn-\-m aqp-t]cpw Ip. Ah-cpsS
XncnsI h bqk^v I-Xv, Xs \mt\m-Im-dns
Dn tZjyw Ae-b-Sn-p. Xv e`n-t-n-bnCS-t-h-iv s]bn v Cf-Inb \ne-bn Hcp henb
cp I-h-Sw, AXm Hcp ]p Ip-Im-c ASn-st]md BWv. AXp-I Abm-fpsS a\v ]nSSp-p-p. ""Chs\ Fn-\mtm C_-Sv sIn-sb-Spp. B t]md Abm-fpsS a\-n Bg-n
t. Rs Ioev ]m hogvm. Am-s]Xn-p. ASp-p Hmtm-dn--m-tcmSpw apw
ms Imc-qcv X-sf. Chs\ Xpc-m
CXv BcmWv sNbvXXv Fv Bcm-q, Fm
Rv Fs-nepw hgo-m-hns'' A_vZp a\AXv I-h-cmbn Bcpw Dm-bn-cp-n-. AXp
n]-d-p.
sNbvX--h A{Xpw ka-am-bmWv IrXyw
Atcw i-c Xs X-Is ssZhs
\nln-Xv. Ap ]noSv temdn hnm
Xr-tms tXhsc hnfn-p, kSap-Wn--gnAbmv sXpw Xmev]cyw Dm-bn-. k-Sn-cp-p. Hcp i{Xp kwlm-c-]q-Pbpw t\p.
tmsS Abm hml-\-hp-ambn ewhnp. AXntPmWn-pn Koho-kp-]p-Wy-hm-f-s\-bmWv hnfn--Xv.
\m sshIp-t-cs IhSw es {][m-\nHcp IqSp sagp-Ip-Xncn cq]-q-Sn-\p-ap-n
I am{X-ambn \S-n.
Inmsav t\-bpw. AXn-\p-tijw \ne-\nn-
130

2013
kmn
ASp--Zn-hkw bqk^v temdn

hml-\-hp-ambn Ime-p-Xs hp.
Abm km[m-cW Im ]mp
sNm-dp ev Hcm ]mb
hncnv Ccn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp
Atm. AXn-\m \mt\m Im
sXp Zqsc amn \nn.
]mb-bn Ccn-p B Iodn-]dn jpw Nfn-]n-Sn app-amWv
[cn-n-cp--Xv. PS-]n-Sn \of apSn.
\c XmSnbpw aoibpw AbmcnsI Ipsd ]g-b-am-dm-p-I.
Iogvp-f--cbnse {`m, t]mfmbn-cpp AXv.
bqk^v temdn A\ukvsa v
XpS-n-b-tXmsS {`m Bt{Im-inm XpSn ""\ns-Sm, \mtb!
\obm-cmSm ChnsSh-cm'' {`ms\
ItXmsS thsd Bcpw B
`mKtv hn-. Fm-hcpw hgnamdn \Sp. AXn-\m bqk-^ns
As IhSw Hpw Xs \Sn-. {`m Xs Bt{Imiw XpScp-Ibpw CS-nsS Ak-`y-
hnfnp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-p-m-bncp-p. D-bm-b-tm tPmWn-pn Hcp s]mXn-tmdv
{`m\p sImSp-p. AXv Bcpw Adn-bm-sX-bmWv
Abm sImSp--Xv. AXnse \Sp t]mIp-I-bmsWv `mhnv, {`ms ASps-n-b-tm
s]mXn ssIam-dn.
\mep-aWnv Nmb IpSnv hcp-tm bqk^v
IXv {`m Xs \mt\m-Im-dns ]nn\nv
Imdn-t-tev aq{Xw Hgn-p--Xm-bn-cp-p. AXp-I
Abm {`ms\ Xpdn-p-t\m-n. Hpw ]d-bm-\p
ss[cyw Abmp-m-bn-cp-n-. C\n h Itm
atm, FSpv Fdn-m-tem. AXn-\m A[nIw
kabw If-bmsX Abm hml-\-sa-Sp-p
ewhnp. Abm-fpsS ]mn I-tm ZqschnsStbm amp \nn-cp tPmWn-pn s]mn-n-cnp-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
Iogvp-f-c Am-Sn-bn X\nv c-bn-sv
bqk-^n\p tXmn. Fm s]sv tXmp-sIm-Spp-hm a\v k-Xn-m--Xn-\m Xs hml\hpw, A\ukv sap-samsbmbn ASp
Znhkw Abm Fn. asmcp e-mWv Abm
hml\w ]mv sNbvX-Xv. {`mt\m atm

AhnsS Dtm, Fv Abm kkqvaw
]cn-tim-[n-p.
]Xn-s\m-p-aWn ka-bw, \-t]mse
XSn Idp kv{Xo Abm-fpsS hml-\n-\-Sp-tv hp. Xnfp kmcnbpw
_vfukp-amWv Ah [cn-n-cp--Xv. \
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A\m-hr-X-am-bn-cp-p. hmen-s-gp-Xnb hiy-Xbm Ip-I, s\n-bn h-sm-v,
app-n, apdp--n-p-h Npp-I.
bqk^v hnNm-cn--Xv, Ah temdn Snv
hmmh--Xm-sW-mWv. AXn-\m
Abm Nncn-p sImmWv Ahsf kzoIcn--Xv. Imdn-\-Sp-tv hv, Hpw
anmsX Ah Gsd t\cw t\mn-\np. Ah-fpsS \mSy- I-tm bqk^n\v PmfyX tXmn. ""tO. \mp-Im
Im Fm tXmp-I. Chsf Inv
\ eWw A-tm.'' Abm BKXw sNbvXp. Ah Iptd-t\cw AhnsS
Xs IpWp-n-Ip-Wpn \np. AIse
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hn-.
DuWp-I-gn-m tlm-en Ib-dn-b-tm ]cn-N-ban-m Hcm Abm-tfmSv ]dp: ""Bims\ AhfpsS ASpv km[m-cW Bm cm{Xn-bm-hp-tmgmWv temlyw IqSmdv. Cfv ]m]-I Xs...
sImmw.............''
Iogvp-f-c Am-Sn-bnse {]kn--amb sseKnI-sXm-gn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp at\m-a-Wn-bm-bn-cp-t{X B
kv{Xo. DuWp-I-gnp Xncn-sI-h bqk^v ]ns
A\ukvsa v Hm^m-n. Abm thKw Xs
Imdp-ambn ew Imen-bm-n.
\mcm-b-Ws keq-Wn \nn-cp i-c
Dn IpSp-IpsS Nncn-p. AXp cq]-bmWv Abm
at\m-a-Wnv \In-b-Xv.
Iogvp-f--c-bn-epw, AXn\Sp-p Am-Sn-I-fnepw ]nt temdn I-h-S-n-\mbn bqk^ns
\mt\m-Im hn-.
(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-mw kwm\ kt-f-\-tmSv
A\p--_-np \S-nb Iem--k-ln-Xy-a--c-n
Poh-\-m-cpsS hn`m-K-n Hmw m\w t\Snb
IY)
131
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132

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ARTICLE: M.P. AJITH KUMAR

Introduction
The transport system in Kerala is one of the developed
of such systems in India. However, due to the nonavailability of efficient and convenient transport facilities, the people lack trust on the system as the present
system cannot provide them a full fledged and convenient passenger friendly atmosphere where they can
depend up on. This paper tries to bring in to light some
of the important features of public transport system in
Kerala and the deficiencies suffering by it and the consequent transit of the people in to the personalised
vehicles.
Present Scenario
Total vehicle population in Kerala is 70.00 lakh. Vehicle
population is increasing by 25% in every year in most
of the districts in the state and 20% in backward districts. But, the notable feature is that the increase is
only the number of personalised vehicles instead of
increase of the number of buses which constitute the
major part of public transport system in Kerala. At
present, the condition of public transport system in
Kerala is as follows:
increasing, the public transport system cannot reach

up to the level and lag behind due to the wide use of
personalised vehicles.
Recently, in order to have control the over crowding in
the buses, seating capacity of Private Stage carriages
has reduced considerably resulting in the lack of
comfortability to passengers. This in turn results in
the irritability among the passengers towards the public transport system and the buses.
Insurance premium for buses have steadily increased
resulting in the decrease in the number of vehicles.
Cost of having a bus increased and the owners who
are profit seekers than service providers turned down
by cutting down the number of buses. This not only
caused for the reduction in the income of government,
Stage carriages: 14000

KSRTC Vehicles:6000
Due to the continuous increase in price of fuel, there a
decreasing tendency in the number of vehicles in public transport system. But as population is going on
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but the accessibility of public in to the transport system have reduced significantly.
The youth in Kerala are white collar job seekers. The
employment availability in public transport sector, especially in the private bus operating sector has steadily
increased but unfortunately, the availability of drivers
has decreased. Due to the non-availability of drivers,
trips of private buses cut-down to minimum, especially
in evening times. This throws light in to the fact that
attraction of youngsters in to the sector is diminishing.
The parallel service in Kerala is in a non-ceasable position. Parallel Service Operation in nationalised roads is
charging fair equal or above to that of bus and it became part of the life of people. Wherever the public
transport system find it difficult to operate for the benefit of the public, the parallel trip operators are exploiting the chance and charging heavily for carrying passengers from one place to the other.
* Bus fare is relatively higher in Kerala than that in
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
* Most of the owners of private buses in Kerala are marginal or nominal having one or two buses. They are
ignorant about cost saving techniques and methods.
Projection to 2020
Vehicle Population will be 2.00 crore by 2020. It will be
a world record. In this, 65% will be motor cycles as a
134
second hand two wheeler will now cost wages equal to

10 days and it will be equal to wages of 5 days after 10
year.
* Kerala will be the first state to have minimum peoplevehicle ratio.
* As a costal area, road development will not be possible in Kerala and existing roads will be hugely congested resulting in traffic block, accident etc.
* Economic Loss by accident: 2013?
50,000 X 1,00,000 = 50,000,00,000
2020? ? ??
200,000,00,000
* Economic Los by income: An average of 20% of the
wages earned by a labourer will cost for his vehicle per
day.
* Economic Loss by pollution:
In a verdict of the
High Court of Kerala, it has been directed that a new
vehicle on first time of registration should remit a tax
equal to Rs.1.50 lakh toward the cost of pollution. When
we take in to consideration the verdict, we can assume
that the owner of a new vehicle should pay huge amount
of tax towards the cost of pollution. If the person avoids
taking a new vehicle, the tax amount will be saved.
* Economic Loss by Infrastructure: When we consider
the cost of infrastructure cost for public transport system and that with the cost for a personalised vehicle,
we can deduce that the amount invested for the construction of road and other related infrastructure will

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be very high. If the people made aware about the public transport system, the cost incurred on the development of infrastructure can be utilised to the maximum
and the
* Opportunity cost of maintaining a personalised vehicle
for a family will be 20% of his wages. Opportunity cost
means the cost of the next best alternative that has
foregone. This implies that the cost that a person incur
for maintaining a car will be the cost that he can invest
for a next best alternative, if he use the public transport
system.
Measures and Suggestions
*
*
*
*
*
*
Policy measures
*
* A transport policy should be formulated.
Objective: 10% increase of public transport system year.
To this extent;
Formulate and implement safe and economic transport
facility as to attain the notion of Right to mobility.
* Involvement of local bodies in the development of PTS
which is about to start vigorously in Wayanad District
after getting approval in DPC
* Infrastructure: Safe and economic transport systems
and a fair and just transport facility to be availed to
public.
* Luxury transport services to be availed to public as
they desire.
This will be an additional income source to the govt.
* Car & Bike Passengers are attracted to the buses.
* An international/world standard criteria for pollution
which will be
that existing in the least polluted nation in the world.
* Night travelling will be encouraged thereby reduction
in traffic block, saving energy and fuel.
* Campaign for use of PTS
* Separate track for buses/PTS where traffic blocks where
traffic blocks will not be occurred and this will attract
the public and those who use the personalised vehicles.
E.g.: A Municipality in Britain encouraging travelling
in PTS by giving incentives.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Fuel
Conversion into CNG for minimising pollution.
Green tax to vehicles in accordance with oldness.
This fund can be used to take-up measures to reduce
pollution, eg. CNG Conversion.
Collection of infrastructure fund along with vehicle tax
and the fund will be used for infrastructure in the concerned district itself.
Being a tourist destination, a cess of 50ps may be
charged as road safety cess and the fund can be used
to implement sophisticated road safety measures like
Intelligent Automated Enforcement system.
Eg: Cess collected from luxury marriages are used to
finance marriage of poor girls.
The of fund so collected will be a huge amount and
can be used for infrastructural development.
Complete tax exemption for carriages in PTS (ordinary
services only) and increase of tax by 10% to Moto
Cycles and personalised vehicles.
The fund can be used for HRD by establishing sophisticated training centres for drivers in international standard.
R&D for KSRTC
PTS should be rooted among drivers and employees.
The awareness
regarding benefits of PTS should be imparted to the
laymen in society.
Permit system
Permit system through bidding shall be introduced.
Those who quote the lowest be allowed the permit.
E.g. Thomas Isaac's policy of introducing system on
weigh bridges at Check posts
Due to the inefficient management and defective permit policies, one stage carriage wastes Rs.1000/- per
day.
* Up gradation of Bus stands in international standard

so that access to passengers is safe. A 24x7 police
service introduced.
* GPS may be installed in all buses, which will help the
people to locate the bus from any where.
135

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Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb kt -f\w
tI
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ta-bv- 17-\v- cm-hn-se- 9.-30\v- Fw- hm-kp-tZh\Kdn- (sXm-Sp-]p-g- Ir-jvW-Xo-w- Hm-Un-tm-dn-bw)-Im-k-tKm-Uv- ap-X- Xn-cph-\--]p-cw- h-sc-bp-- hnhn-[- Pn--I-fn- \n-s-nb- \q-dp-I-W-n-\v- {]-Xn-\n[n-I-fp-sS- I-Wv-T--fn- \np-b-- B-th-i-I-c-am-bap-{Zm-hm-Iy--sIm-v- apJ-cn-X-am-b- A--co-n- kw-km-Y-\- {]-kn-U v- k.-Sn.-sI.- kp-`m-jv- ]-XmI- D-b-n-b-tXm-sS-bm-Wv-.47mw- kw-m-\- k-t-f-\n-s- \-S-]-Sn-I-v- Xp-S-am-b-Xv.-
Uv- ap-X- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw- h-sc-bp-- hn-hn-[- Pn--Ifn- \n-s-n-b- \q-dp-I-W-n-\v- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS- I-WvT--fn- \n-p-b-- B-th-i-I-c-am-b- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-sIm-v- ap-J-cn-X-am-b- A--co--n- kw-km-Y-\- {]kn-U- v- k.-Sn.-sI.- kp-`m-jv- ]-Xm-I- D-b-n-b-tXm-sSbm-Wv-.- 47mw- kw-m-\- k-t-f-\-n-s- \-S-]-Sn-Iv- Xp-S--am-b-Xv.- h-en-b- tXm-Xn-ep-- km--n-I- {]Xn-k-n-bn- A-I-s-v- hn-hn-[- cm-Py--fn-se- `-c-Wm-[nIm-cn-I- A-[n-Im-cw- \-jv-S-s-Sp-- km-l-N-cy-n-epw- CsXm-pw- X--v- _m-[-I-a-s-- \n-e-]m-Sn-em-Wv- bp.]n.-F- t\-Xr-Xzw- ap-tm-v- t]m-Ip--Xv.- C--s- kml-N-cy-n- P-\-hn-cp-- \-b--fp-am-bn- ap-tm-v- t]m-Ip- tI-{- kw-m-\- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-s-Xn-sc- i- h-c-hv- sN-e-hv- I-W-pw- Iu--kn- sF-I-I-Wv-tT-\- Aw-am-b- {]-tm-`-- D-b-n-sm-v- h-c-W-sa-v- Ko-I-cn-p.Xp-S-v- kw-m-\ Iu--kn- Aw-Kfp-sS lmAtlw- A-`y-n-p.P- hm-bn-v- 2013 se kw-m-\ Iu--kn \n-ehn-Xp-S-v- k-t-f-\- \-K-dn- {]-tXy-Iw- X-m-dm-n-bc--km-n- a-Wv-U-]-n- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I- ]p-jv-]m-- hXm-bn- P\d- sk{Idn- {]Jy-m-]n-p.- k.- ]n- Sn- am[hs A[y-Xbn \S sXcsSp-n- ]p-Xn-b
\- \-S-n.- Xp-S-v- tN- 2012 se Iu--kn- tbm-K`m-chm-ln-Isfbp-w- sk{Itdn-bv- Aw-Ksfbpw- kw-mn- a-e-p-dw- k-t-f-\-n-\p- ti-j-ap-- H-cp- h-j\ In-n-bw-Ksfbp-w- Hm-Un-- am-scbp-w- D-sm-pm-e-s- {]-h--\-n-\p-- k-a-{K-am-b- ]-cn-tim-[-\ ]m-\e Iu-kn- sFII-Wv-tT\ Aw-Ko-Icn-p.I-v- hn-t[-b-am-n-sIm-p-- {]-h--\- dn-tm-v- Pssh-In-v- \-S-- {]-I-S-\w- sI.-Pn.-H.-F.-bp-sS- I-cp-pw\-d- sk-{I--dn-p-th-v- kw-m-\- sk-{I--dn- F-kv.F-Un-k-- A-h-X-cn-n-p.- kw-m-\- {S-j-d- tUm.-sI.- h-f--bpw- sX-fn-bn-p-- H-m-bn- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- C-Spn- Pn-bpw- kao-] Pn-Ifpw- am-{Xw tI-{o-I-cn-v- \-SFw.- Zn-eo-]v- h-c-hv- sN-e-hv- I-W-v- A-h-X-cn-n-p.- Xp-S-v\-S-- N--bn- F-kv- t{]w-em,- F-kv- P-bn-Ip-am,- hn-- {]-I-S-\-n- \q-dp-I-W-n-\v- K-k--Uv- Po-h-\-mk-m- k-o-kn-s\- X-I-m-\p-- bp.{]-Im-in-\n,- Fw- k-enw-Ip-n,- F-kv- cm-tP-jv,- tUm.- Pn-]-s-Sp-p.apIp--\m-b,- B- th-Wp-tKm-]m,- Sn- F-kv- cm-Pp,- kn-Un.-F-^v.- k-m-cn-s- {i-a--sf- sN-dp-p-tXm-ev-]n-pB- tkm-a-,- Fw- F- hn-P-b-,- F-v- sj-do-^v,- hn- kn- -sa-pw- {]-Xn-tem-a- \-b--s-Xn-sc- I-cp-p-- t]mi--c-\m-cm-b-W-,- ]n- ]n- kp-Z-i-\-,- sI- in-h-Zm-k-,- C-ap-J-- Xo-p-sa-pw- {]-Jym-]n-p-sIm-v- \-S-- {]P-\m--\-,- sI- kp-[m-I-c-,- F-n-h- ]-s-Sp-p.- N-- I-S-\-n- kw-m-\- t\-Xm-- t\-Xr-Xzw- \-In.I-p-ti-jw- P-\-d- sk-{I--dn-bpw- {S-j-d-dpw- \-In-b- h\n--XI-fp-sS- h-n-- km-n-yw- {i-t-b-am-bn.hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-- \-In.- Xp-S-v- hm-jn-I- dn-tm-pw- {]-I-S-\w- I-S-p-t]m-b- ho-Yn-I-fn- h-- _-lp-P-\-
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kw-L-S-\-I-fp-tS-bpw- k-o-kv- kw-L-S-\-I-fp-tS-bpw- {] v,- tIm--s^-U-td-j- Hm-^v- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-n- Fw-tmh--I- A-`n-hm-Zy--f-n-p.- F-.-Pn.-H.-bq-Wn-b-,bo-kv- Hm-K-ss\-tk-j-),- hn- _n- a-\pmp-am- (P-\-d- sksI.-F-kv.-Sn.-F.,- Un.-ssh.-F-^v.-sF.,- F-kv.-F-^v.sF.,- P- {I--dn- ]n-F-kv-kn-C-bp-),- sI- Fw- tkm-^n- (sk-{I--dn- sI\m-[n-]-Xy-a-ln-fm- A-tm-kn-tb-j-,- sI.-Fw.-kn.-F-kv.- Pn-F-F-),- B- F-kv- k-tm-jv-Ip-am- (P-\-d- sk-{I-bp.,- sI.-Pn.-F-.-F.,- Aw-K-hm-Un- Po-h\m,- sIFkv- dn- sI-F-F-kv-F-kv-F-),- s{]m-^.- Pn- cm-a-Zm-k- (sshFkv-]n-bp,- sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n.- h-t-gv-kv- A-tm-kn-tb- kv- {]-kn-U- v,- F-sI-Pn-kn-Sn-),- tUm.- sI- ]n- kp-Ip-am-c-
j- Xp-S-n-b- \n-c-h-[n- kw-L-S-\-I-fm-Wv- A-`n-hm-Zy-a\m-b- ({]-kn-U- v- F-sI-]n-kn-Sn-F-),- sP- tam-l-Ip-amn-m-s\-n-b-Xv.(P-\-d- sk-{I--dn,- sI-U-n-bp-F-C-bp-)- F-n-h-cpw- D-Zv]--Ww- Np-n- sXm-Sp-]p-g- ap-\n-kn-- ssa-Xm-\n-bn-seLm-S-\- k-t-f-\-n- {]-kw-Kn-p.- sI.-Pn.-H.-F.- kw-m]n.-tKm-hn---- \-K-dn- {]-I-S-\w- k-am-]n-- ti-jw- s]m- \- sk-{I--dn-tb-v- Aw-Kw- s{]m-^.- F.- kp-lr-v-Ip-amXp- k-t-f-\w- B-cw-`n-p.- \n-b-a-k-`m- {]-Xn-]-- D-]-t\- F-gp-Xn- s{]m-^-k- hn.-sI.-i-in-[-c- Nn--s-Sp-n-b- kzmXm-hv- sIm-Sn-tb-cn- _m-e-Ir-jv-W- k-t-f-\w- D-Zv-Lm-SK-X-Km-\-tm-sS-bm-Wv- D-Zv-Lm-S-\-k-t-f-\w- B-cw-`n--Xv.
\w- sN-bv-Xp.- hn-I-kn-X- ap-X-em-fn-- cm-Py--fn-epw\-S- ssh-kv- {]-kn-U- v- tUm.- sI.-Sn.- {io-e-Xm-Ipkw-m-\m-n- ]-cm-P-b-s-- ]-m-fn-- s]-j- ]--Xn- C-hnam-cn- c--km-n- {]-ta-b-hpw- kw-m-\- sk-{I--dn- ]n.sS- \-S-m-p--Xv- Po-h-\-m-cp-sS- s]-j- Xp-I- X-n- kn.-c-ho-{- A-\p-tim-N-\- {]-ta-b-hpw- A-h-X-cn-n-p.- kzmsb-Sp-m- tIm--td-p-I-v- A-h-k-c-sam-cp-m-\m-sW-K-X- kw-Lw- sN-b-t]-gv-k-- sI.-]n.- ta-cn- kzm-K-X-am-iwv- sIm-Sn-tb-cn- ]-d-p.- bp.-Un.-F-^v.- 2002- \-S-mkn-p.- I--ho-\- sI.-Fw.-cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zv- \-n- tc-Jm- {i-an-v- ]-cm-P-b-s-- ]--Xn-bm-Wv- Po-h-\-m-cps-Sp-n.- 3 a-Wn-v- A-Jn-te-ym- kv-t-v- K-h--sa- vsS- A-ss\-Iy-s- Xp-S-v- Ctm- \-S-m-n-b-Xv.- kFw-tm-bo-kv- s^-U-td-j- P-\-d- sk-{I--dn- B.- apo-kv- ta-J-e-bn-se- Nn-e- kw-L-S-\-I- ap-X-em-fn-- G-p-kp--cw- {]-`m-j-Ww- \-S-n.P-p-am-cm-bn- {]-h-n--Xn-s- ^-e-am-Wn-Xv.- A-t-lwkm--tZ-io-b- - tZ-io-b- kw-`-h-hn-Im-k--sf- k-aIq-n-t-p. sI.-{]-Im-iv- _m-_p,- Fw.-F.-F.- am-cm- {K-am-bn- ]-cn-tim-[n-p-sIm-p-- kw-L-S-\m- {]-ta-bw- Pb- am-Xyp.- Sn- tXm-a-kv,- F.-F.- A-ko-kv,- sI- sI- P-b-N\-d- sk-{I--dn-k.-sI.-in-h-Ip-am- A-h-X-cn-n-p.- F-kv{- F-n-h- {]-kw-Kn-p.- kzm-K-X-kw-Lw- sN-b- t]-k-c-kz-Xn,- F-kv- A-c-hn--,- F- _n-p,- A-p-k-emw,gv-k-- Fw.-]n.- ta-cn- kzm-K-X-hpw- P-\-d- I--ho-\-kn- sI- jn-_p,- Sn- D-kv-am-,- hn- sF- Xm-Pp-o- A-l-sI-.- in-h-Ip-am- \-n-bpw- ]-d-p.- Xp-S-v- s{]m-^.- Zv,h- Sn- F- kp-[o-jv,- F- Fw- {io-Im-v,- ]n- hn-P-b-Ip-am-c-,k--Ip-am- kmw-_-in-h-s- "-B-bn-j-'- I-Ym-{]-kw-Kw- A-sI- _m-_p-cm-Pv,- sI- Fw- ]-hn-{X-,- hn- hn-P-b-Ip-am,c-t-dn.kn- Fw- kp-\n-Ip-am,- sI- c-ho-{- F-n-h- N-{]Xn-\n-[n- k-t-f-\-n-s- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- 18-\v- cm-hnbn- ]-s-Sp-p.- P-\-d- sk-{I--dn-bp-sS- a-dp-]-Sn-pse- 10 a-Wn-v- ap- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-v- a-{n- k.- Fw.ti-jw- dn-tm-v- k-t-f-\w- sF-I-I-Wv-tT-\- Aw-Ko-I-cnF.- t_-_n- \n--ln-p.- hn-t\m-tZm-]m-[n-I-tf-bpw- I-fn-p.m-tc-bpw- I-tm-f- aq-e-[-\- kzm-[o-\-n-s- H-Sp-hn-e- kw-m-\ h\n-Xm- k_v-In-n- cq-]o-IcW \n-tiws- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv- {In--v- Xm-cw- {io-im-s-vFw.-sI Sn- {io-eX AhXcn-n-p.- 63 Aw-K h\n-XmtUm.F.- t_-_n- ]-d-p.- {io-im-n-t\-m- h-en-b- A-gn-a- k_v-In-n-v- ktf\w- cq-]w- \-In.- 18-\v- ssh-In-vXn-m-cm-Wv- tI-{-a-{n- ]-Z-hn-bn-ep--Xv.- H-cp- e--n6 a-Wn-v- \-jv-S-am-Ip-- \-thm-m-\- aq-ey-- F-sb--]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- I--cn-m-Sw- Ahn-j-b-s- A-[n-I-cn-p-sIm-p- \-S-- km-kv-m-cn-Ign-a-Xn,- kv-s]-Iv-{Sw- A-gn-a-Xn- F-n-h-bn-eq-sS- A-hk-t\m-Sn-f-\w- a-e-bm-f-n-s- {]n-b-s-- I-hn- k.-G-gm-ts\- sIm--b-Sn-p-I-bm-Wv.- tI-c-f-n-em-I-s- kzm-{i-b- cn- cm-a-N-{- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- `q-X-Im-e-n-s- \hn-Zym-`ym-k- ta-J-e-bn- F.-Un.-F-^v.- k-m- sIm- -I- Hm-s-Sp-m- I-gn-bm-- A-jn-ta-gv-kv- tcmp-h-- \n-b-{-Ww- bp.-Un.-F-^v.- C-m-Xm-n-bn-cn-p-p.Kn-I-fm-bn- tI-c-f- k-aq-lw- am-dp-I-bm-sW-v- A-t-lw- ]`-c-W-L-S-\- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-bv-X-Xn-\pw- \n-t-in--Xn-\pwA-]p-Xn-b- X-e-ap-d- b-{- \m-K-co-I-X-bp-sS- B-kp-cd-p.p-dw- ASn-m-\X-e-n- km--{Xn-I- ku-P-\y-hn-Zym-k--Xn-I-fm-bn- am-dp-I-bm-Wv.- A-\m-Y- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A`ym-k-am-Wv- F.-Un.-F-^v.- k-m- \-S-n-em-n-b-Xv.- bpgp-In-b- P-U-- \n-d-bp-- ]p-Wy-\-Zn-I-fp-sS- \m-Sm-bnUn-F^n-s P-\-hn-cp-- \-S-]-Sn-I-s-Xn-sc- i--am-b- `m-c-Xw- am-dp-I-bm-Wv.- a-lm-m-Km-n-bpw- c-ho-{-\m-Y{]-Xn-tcm-[w- D-b-p-h-tc--Xm-sW-v- Fw.-F.-t_-_n- ]-dSm-tKm-dpw- I-b-dn-s-- \-thm-m-\- \m-b-I-\m-b- {io-\mp.cm-b-W- Kp-cp-hn-s- km-n-y-n-em-Wv- tam-Un-sb- F.-{io-Ip-am- (tI-c-f- F-.-Pn.-H.-bq-Wn-b-),- hn.-{ioWn-m- in-h-Kn-cn-bn-se- k-\ym-kn-am-v- I-gn-bp-v.- CIp-am- (tIm--s^-U-td-j- Hm-^v- sk-{S- K-h-Xp-sIm-m-Wv- \n-m-eyw- t]m-sem-cp- kn-\n-a- \n-n-msa- v- Fw-tm-bo-kv- B- v- h-t-gv-kv,- Fw.-jm-P-lm-,- I-gn-bm--Xv.- \-p-sS- \m-Sn-s- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- a-Wv(sI.-F-kv.-Sn.-F.-)- Ip-cy- sk-_m-kv-y- (tkm-W- sk- U-ew- Np-cp-n-tm-bn-cn-p-p.- G-gm-t-cn- ]-d-p.- ]p{I--dn,- sI-F-kv-C-_n-H-F-),- sI- D-- (P-\-d- sk-{I--dn- tcm-K-a-\- I-em-km-ln-Xy-kw-Lw- kw-m-\- ssh-kv- {]sI-F-kv-C-F-),- sI- P-b-tZ-h- (P-\-d- sk-{I--dn- sI- kn-U- v- F-kv.-c-ta-i- A-y--X- h-ln-p.- Fw.-BFw-kn-F-kv-bp-),- F-kv- k-Xo-jv-_m-_p- (ssh-kv- {]-kn-U-P-b-Ko-X- {]-kw-Kn-p.- F-kv.-F-Un-k-- kzm-K-X-am-iw-
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kn-- N-S-n-\v- tUm.- {io-e-Xm-Ip-am-cn- \-n- tc-J-sk-m-cn-s-SpP-\-hn-cp-- \-b--s-Xn-sc- A-Wn-tN-cpn.- Xp-S-v- Ip-a-fn- sh--b--Wn- ]-c--cm-K-X- \r-- I,- km--tZ-io-b- sXm-gn-em-fn- {]-tm-`--v- I-cp-kw-Lw- ]-fn-b-\r-w- A-h-X-cn-n-p.]-I-cp-I,- hn-e--b-w- X-S-bp-I,- s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-W- kw-hn19-\v- cm-hn-se- 10 a-Wn-v- kn.-sF.-Sn.-bp.- A-Jn-te[m-\w- kw-c-n-p-I- Xp-S-n-b- 40 {]-ta-b--fpw- ky- {S-j-d- k.- c-Rv-P-\- {Xn-X-e- t{S-Uv- bq-Wn-b- {]-`mt-f-\w- Aw-Ko-I-cn-p.j-Ww- \-S-n.- I-cp-p--h- am-{Xw- A-Xn-Po-hn-m- a- k-t-f-\- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS- {I-U-jy- dn-tm-v- kwXn-sb-- Im-p-\o-Xn-bm-Wv- ap-X-em-fn--s- \-bn-p-m-\- sk-{I-t-dn-b-v- sa-- Fw.-F.- e-o-^v- k-t-fsX-pw- C-Xv- ]-cn-jv-Ir-X- k-aq-l-n-\v- A-\p-tbm-Py-a-s\-n- A-h-X-cn-n-p.pw- A-h- ]-d-p.k-o-kn- \n-v- hn-c-an-- t\-Xm--fm-b- sI.-B.11 a-Wn-v- \-h-en-_-d- \-b--fpw- tI-c-f- hn-I-k-\- cm-P-,- _n.-k-Xn-Ip-am-cn,- ]n.-tkm-a-cm-P-]n-,- sI.-hn.hpw- F-- hn-j-b-s- A-[n-I-cn-p-\-S-- sk-an-\m- tUm.- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-,- sI.-]-c-ta-iz-c-,- a-m-bn- tbm-l-m,sk-_m-y- t]m- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- B-I-j-I- km-_p- A-e-Iv-kv,- ]n.-sI.-sse-e,- ]n.-c-ho-{-\m-Yv,- C.-sP.am-b- t]-cp-I-fn- A-h-X-cn-n-p-sIm-v- s]m-Xp- k-aq-lkp-Zm-_o-ho- F-n-h-v- k-t-f-\-n- h-v- lr-Zy-amn-\p-- \n-b-{-Ww- ]q--am-bn- H-gn-hm-n- kzm-Im-cyb- bm-{X-b-b-v- \-In.- 47 kw-m-\ ktf\w- Ahnaq-e-[-\-n-\v- b-tY-jv-Sw- em-`w- h-n-n-m-\p-- {]-h- kv-acWo-bam-b A\p-`ham-n-b kw-Lm-SIcm-b kzm-\--fm-Wv- \-h-en-_-d- \-b--fp-sS- `m-K-am-bn- \-S-KXkw-Lw- {]h-I-pw- Pn-bn-se kw-LS\m- {]hp--sX-v- tUm.- sk-_m-y- t]m- ]-d-p.- `-cI-p-a lr-Zy-am-b \n- Adn-bn-p-sIm-p-
Wm-[n-Im-cn-I- km--n-I- im-kv-{X-n-s- `m-j-bn- {]tabw- ]n- kn- cho-{- AhXcn-n-Xv IctLm-jtmam-{Xw- kw-km-cn-p-I-bpw- C-y- B-tKm-f- km--n-IsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I- Aw-Ko-Icn-p.- {]-kn-U- v- Sn.-sI.-kpi-n-bm-bn- h-f-cp-I-bm-sW-v- A-h-Im-i-s-Sp-I-bpw- sN-`m-jn-s- k-am-]-\- {]-kw-K-tm-sS- 5 a-Wn-v- k-t-fp-tm- cm-Py-v- km--n-I- A-\p-`-hpw- ]m-h-s-- \w- k-am-]n-p.h-p-- \o-Xn-\n-tj-[-hpw- ap--t-m-fpw- Xo-{h-am-IpSn.-sI.-kp-`m-jv,- tUm.- sI.-Sn.-{io-e-Xm-Ip-am-cn,- tUm.I-bm-Wv.- cm-Py-n-s- ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw- ]-W-b-s-Sp-p-sI.-F.-Zn-eo-]v,- tUm.- c-am-Ip-am-cn- F-n-h-c-S-n-b- {]-ko`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- \-b-- hn-a-i-\-]-c-am-bn- ]-Tn-pUn-b-am-Wv- k-t-f-\- \-S-]-Sn-I- \n-b-{n--Xv- sI.-in-hI-bpw- P-\--sf- ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw- sN-t--Xv- Cu- Im-e- Ip-am,-]n.-kn.-c-ho-{-,- Sn.-F-kv.-c-Lp-em,- F-kv.-F-UnL--n-s- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- A-t-lw- Hm-n-n-p.- s{]m-k-,- tUm.- sI- Fw- Zn-eo-]v- (n-b-dnw-Kv- I-n-n-)- ]-kn^.-kn.- c-ho-{-\m-Yv- Fw.-F.-F.- A-y--X- h-ln-p.- c-ho-{- (I--ho-\-),- F-kv- F-Un-k-,- Sn- ]n- am-[-h-,sI.-sI.- e-Xn-I- Fw-F-F- kw-km-cn-p.- kw-m-\- sks{]m-^.- F- kp-lr-Xv-Ip-am,- tUm.- F-kv- B- tam-l-\{I--dn- ]n.-kn.- c-ho-{- kzm-K-X-hpw- Sn.-F-kv.-c-Lp-emN-{-,- ]n- F-kv- kp-[o-jv-Ip-am,- ({]-ta-bw-)- _n- k-Xn\-n-bpw- ]-d-p.Ip-am-cn- (I--ho-\-),- tXm-a-kv- Fw- ssh-Zy-,- Sn- cm-[m47mw- kw-m-\- k-t-f-\- kv-a-c-Wn-I- "-km-n-'- k.- Ir-j-W- (an-\n-v-kv-)- sI- t_-_n- kp--cm-Pv- (I--hoF-kv- cm-tP-{- Fw-F-F- {]-Im-i-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- k.- \-),- ]n- hn- Pn-cm-Pv,- Fw- hn-iz-\m-Y-,- F- j--ap-JsI- ]n- ta-cn- B-Zy-{]-Xn- G-p-hm-n.- k-t-f-\- `m-K-am-bnZm-kv,- tUm.- Pn- F-kv- a-[p- (ao-Un-b),- Fw- F- e-o-^v\-S-n-b- B-Zn-hm-kn- Du-cv- k--i-\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bp-sS-(I--ho-\-),\ntUm.- Fw- B- ss_-Pp,- sI- ]n- k-enw-IpK-a-\-n-s- A-Sn-m-\-n,- ap-S-n-tm-b- hn-Zym-`-bmam,- tUm.- sI- Sn- c-Pn-tam-,- Sn- F- an-\n,- Fw- jm-P-lmkw- Xp-S-cp--Xn-\v- X-m-dm-b,-- aq-v- hn-Zym-Yn-I-p-
,- sI--Zm-tam-Z-c-,- ]n- sI- _m-_p-({I-U-jy-)- Xp-Shy-n-K-X- [-\-k-lm-bw- k.- F-kv- cm-tP-{- Fw-F- n-b- hn-hn-[- k-_v-I-n-n-I-fpw- k-t-f-\- hn-P-b-n-\mF- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xp.- k-t-f-\- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fn- \n-vbn- {]-h-n-p.k-am-l-cn-- B-Zn-hm-knhn-I-k-\- ]n-p-Wm-\n-[n- P-\-d- tI-c-f-n- G--hpw- ]n-tm-w- \n-p-- Pn--Isk-{I--dn- tZ-hn-Ip-fw- Fw-F-F-v- ssI-am-dn.- sI-Pn-Hfn-sem-m-Wv- C-Sp-n.- `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-b- {]-tXy-I-XF-bp-sS- N-cn-{X-n-se- H-cp- \m-gn-I--m-bn- Cu- k-I-sIm-v- ssZ-\w-Zn-\- kw-L-S-\m- {]-h--\-n-\p-t]m`w- Im-Wmw.- k-t-f-\- tem-tKm- cq-]-I-]-\- sN-bv-X- epw- A-Xy-[n-Iw- hn-j-aw- t\-cn-Sp-- Pn--I-fn-sem-m-Wns_-n- C- bp,- am-Xr-Im- {]-th-i-\- ]-co-m- hn-P-bn-I,- Xv.- F-m- C--c-n-ep-- ]-cn-an-Xn-I-sf-bm-sI- A-XnI-em-km-ln-Xy- a--chn-P-bn-I- F-n-h-p-- D-]-lmPo-hn-m-\pw- 47mw- kw-m-\- k-t-f-\w- D-z-e-hn-Pc-- k-m-\n--s-p.b-am-m-\pw- sI.-]n.- ta-cn sN-b- t]-gv-k-\m-b,-- hn-hn-[A-Sp-- H-cp- h-j-s- {]-h--\--fp-sS- Zn-im-kq- k-o-kv- t{S-Uv- bq-Wn-b- kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS- \q-dp-I-WN-I-am-b- ]-cn-]m-Sn- {]-ta-bw- kw-m-\- sk-{I--dn- Sn.-Fn-\v- {]-h--I- A-Wn-\n-c-- kzm-K-X-kw-L-n-skv.-c-Lp-em- A-h-X-cn-n-p. k-Po-h-am-b- N--I-pwNn--bm-b- {]-h--\--v- I-gn-p.P-\-d- sk-{I--dn-bp-sS- a-dp-]-Sn-pw- ti-jw- "tI-{- kw- Pn--bn-se- hn-hn-[- {]-tZ-i--fn-em-bn- hn-hn-[- A-\pm-\- k-m-cp-I-fp-sS- P-\-hn-cp-- \-b--s-Xn-sc_-- ]-cn-]m-Sn-I- k-t-f-\-n-s- `m-K-am-bn- \-S-p.bp-- t]m-cm-w- i-n-s-Sp-p-I,- ]-m-fn-- s]-jam-Xr-Im- {]-th-i-\- ]-co-,- h-\n-Xm- I--sh-j-,- ssh ]n-h-en-p-I,- i--f- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W- \-S-]-Sn-I- B-cw- Zyq-Xn- K-Xm-K-X- ta-J-e-I- kw-_-n-- Hm-- t^m`n-p-I'-- F-- ]-cn-]m-Sn-{]-ta-bw- k-t-f-\w- sF-I-I-Wv- d-,- CSp-n- ]m-tPv- sk-an-\m---,- P-e-k-`,- sa-Un-tT-\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-p-.- ]-cn-]m-Sn-{]-ta-b-n-\v- ]p-d-ta-Iym-v,tI-{- Nn-{X-c-N-\m- a--cw,- B-Zn-hm-kn- Du-cv- k--i\w- Xp-S-n-b- {i-t-b-am-b- coXn-bn- \-S-n-b- A-\p-_-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-bn-cp-p.D--S-w-sIm-pw- ]-mfn-w-sIm-pw- D-b-- \n-ehm-cw- ]p-e-n-b- k-t-f-\am-bn-cp-p.- 47mw- kw-m-\k-t-f-\w.-- tI-{- kw-m\- k-m-cp-Ifp-sS- P-\-hn-cp- \-b--s-Xn-sc- hn-]p-
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hy-Xy--am-bn- Po-h-\-m-cpw- A-ym-]-I-cpw- I-Sp-- Ie-am-b- sN-dp-p-\n-ev-]v- kw-L-Sn-n-v-,- B-tKm-f- ap-e-[-\i-n-I-fp-sS- ]n-p-W-tbm-sS- \-S-n-em-p-- km--n- S-m-{I-a-W--sf- t\-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-- A-h-k-c-nI- cm-jv-{So-b- \-b--sf- ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-p-hm- k-t-f- em-Wv- sI.-Pn.-H.-bp-sS- 47mw- kw-m-\- k-t-f-\w- tN\w- B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- P-\--n-S-bn- h-f-p-h-cp- -Xv.- C--c-sam-cp- km-l-N-cy-n- tI-{- kw-m-\- sF-Iy-s- X-f-p--Xn-\pw- A-h-cp-sS- {]-tm-`- k-m-cp-Ifp-sS- P-\-hn-cp-- \-b--s-Xn-cm-b- sN-dpp- \n-]pw- t]m-cm---fp-sS- i--f- ]-cn-jv--c-W-a-S-ps- in-Yn-e-am-p--Xn-\pw- km-[m-c-W- P-\--fn- cq-Vap-- B-\p-Iq-ey-- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-m-\p-- `m-hn- {]-tmaq-e-am-bn-p-- Pm-Xn-a-X- Nn--I-sf- D-]-tbm-Kn-- Po-h-\`--pw- Ir-Xy-am-b- Zn-im-t_m-[-hpw- I-cp-pw- ]-Im-tc-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tf-bpw- `n-n-n-m-\p-ap-- kwL-Sn-X- \o--n-s\-Xn-sc- Pm-K-cq-I-cm-Im- k-t-f-\w- p- \-Im- F-m- A--n-epw- k-lm-b-I-c-am-bn- kpK--hn-f-I-fp-sS- \m-n- \-S-- Cu- kt-f-\w.
Po-h-\-m-tcm-Sv- B-h-iy-s-p. sIPn-HF \yq-kv- k-ho-kv\m-fn-Xp-h-sc-bp-- Im-e-L--n- \n-pw- Xn-I-pw-
s]m
cpXn Pbn-m kJm-sf Blzm\w

sNp A`n-hm-Z-\-Km\w sI.-Pn.-H.F kwm-\-kt-f-\-ns {]Xn-\n[n kt-f-\-\-K-dn DWp]m-mbn Hgp-In--c-p. kwm-\-k-t-f\w \S-p
sXmSp-]pg IrjvW-Xow HmUn-tm-dn-b-nse
\nd kZ-n Kmb-I-kwLw ]mSnb al-mb
Poh-\-kw-{Km-a-kw-Ko-X-ns hoNn-I ]IXv
ka-c-Xo--W-XbpsS A\p-`q-Xn-bp-sSbpw hnIm-c-a-e-.
sI.-Pn.-H.F kwm\ sk{I--dn-AwKw F. kplrXvIp-am cNnv s{]m^. sI. iin-[-c Nn-s-Sp-nb
Km\w hnhn[ ]ptcm-K-a-\-{]-m-\--fqsS {]h-IcmWv Ben-]n--Xv. Kmb-I-kw-L-n\v Bem-]-\-an-Ihv
]I-cm hn.-sI. iin-[-c t\cn-s-p-Ibpw "Ah-\-h\--]-c-p-am-{i-b-am-Ip-hm Hnp ]mSp-hn sFIyKoXw' F ktiw A\p-hm-N-I-cn-tev kw{I-an-n Km\w Bth-i-]qh-amWv {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]qtcm-K-a\-{]-h-\--fpsS {]h-Icpw kzoI-cn--Xv.
DZvLm-S-\-k-t-f-\-n\p Xs \mp-Im-c IqSn-bmb
hn.-sI.-i-in-[-cs\ Fw.F t__n BZ-cn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
141
kmn
142
kmn
2013
Sn- sI kp-`m-jv{]kn-U v-
sI in-hIp-amP\d- sk{Idn-
F hn- N{sshkv- {]kn-U v-
tUm.- sI Fw- Zn-eo-]v-{Sjd-
Fkv- FUn-ksk{Idn-
]n- kn- cho-{sk{Idn-
tUm.- sI Sn- {io-eXIp-amcnsshkv- {]kn-U v-
Sn- Fkv- cLp-emsk{Idn-
143
tUm.-B.-i-in-Ip-am
tUm.-Fw.-F.-\m-k
tUm.-hn.-c-a-Ip-am-cn
kmn
kn.kptc-i
tUm.-kn.-kp--tc-i
Sn.-]n.-am-[-h
s{]m^.F.-kp-lr-Xv Ip-am
tUm.- Fkv- B- tam-l\N{
sI sI hn-Pb
144
Fw.-F.-e-o^v
sI t__n-kp--cm-Pv
tagv-kn-p-n- tPm-Pv-
]n.-hn.-c-Xv\m-I-c
F.-A-\nIp-am
tPmPvIpn tP-_v
sI.-Fw.-P-am-ep-o
Pb ]n.hnP-b,
tPmk^v tPmPv
sI.-a-c-m
sI.-]n.-k-enw-Ip-am
kn.-A-\n N{
sI.-P-b
tPmk^v amfn-tb-
Sn.-am-bm-h-Xn
sI.-sF.-k-enw
]n.-F-kv.-kp-[o-jvIp-am tXmakv Fw sshZy
sI.-t__n sFkvIv
Fkv.-_n-atLm-jv
F.-P-b-Ip-am
sI.-Fw.-Ip-p-tam
sI.-Fw.-ap-l--Zv
Fw.-F.-i-c-XvN-{-em
tUm.-F.-hn-P-b-`m\p
_n.-_n-\p
hn.-P-b-Ip-am
Ipcy tPm
]n.-\m-cm-b-W
tUm.-sI.-sI.-jm-Pn
Sn.-]n.-Ko-hokv
kn.-P-b-e-van
Sn.-Pn.-Ip-cy
Sn.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW
F.-jap-J-Zm-kv
kn._n.ssi-e-P
tUm.-F-kv.-{io-Ip-am
]n.-F-kv.-in-h-{]-kmZv
tUm.-bp.-k-en,-
145

2013
kmn
hn.-Fw.-kp-\n
hn.-]n.-In-c
kmn
sI.-Fw.-cm-tP-{-{]-kmZv
Ipn-ap ]d-h-v
tUm.- Fw- B- ss_Pp
tUm.- _n- F- jm-Pn
tdm_vk F.
146
]n.tIma-f
Fw.-sI.-cm-P
kn.-k-Xy-Ip-am
Fw.kptcjv Ipam
sI.-k-Xo-i
Fw- hn-iz-\m-Y
Pn.-hn-P-b-Ip-am
hn- Fkv- ao-cm-kp-aw
]n.-hn.-Pncm-Pv
sI.-]n.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW
bp- kp-[m-Ic
tUm.- C Sn- _n-p
F.-tPm-k^v hnP-b tUm.-F.-F.-e-van-{]-`,
Pn.{]-kmZv
]n- kp-lm-kn-\n
hn.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW
C P\m-\
hn- F- ]o-Xmw-_c
sI kp-tcjv-Ip-am
Pn.-D-jm-Ip-amcn sI.-F-kv.-{]o-X, _pjvd Fkv., {ioIe B, im-Ip-amcn.kn.-Pn,

(Xn-cp-h-\--]pcw kuv) kpteJ djo-Zv, ]n.-{]-Im-in-\n, tUm.Fkn.Un tPmbn,
-Pn.-F Ip-i-e-Ip-amcn, hn.-kp-ja (Xn-cp-h-\--]pcw t\mv), imcn Fw.-hn, tUm.]n.-sI.-Nn-{X, F.-_n-p, F.-jo-e, (sIm-w), ]n.-hn.-ssP-\-, tUm.-knPn tkmacm-P, Sn.-tcJ, kn.-Fw.-C-n-cm-tZhn (B-e-p-g), kpa.-F.-F-kv,- tUm.-Pn.-Aw-_nIm-tZ-hn, Sn.-{io-Ip-amcn, jo\ cmP (]--\w-Xn-), {]oX.-Fw.-\m-b, B.-_n-\p,
sPn tPmk^v, kn\n-tam. sI.Pn (tIm--bw), Iym]v jo_m chn, tUm.sI.-F.-tim-`-\, ssje tKm]m (C-Sp-n), tUm.-A-\nX Fw.-hn., Sn]n,-kn-_n,
hn.-Pn.-D-am-tZ-hn, Bim chn, Fw.-F-kv.ssee (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw), ]n,-hn.-h-\P, Sn.F.-Fkn, Pn.-D-jm-Ip-amcn, F.-k-c-kzXn (Xr-iq), ]n.-F.-]-, sI.-Pn.-e-fnXmw-_n-I, tUm.-sI.-Sn.{iotZ-hn, tUm.-]n.-{io-tZhn (]m-e-m-Sv), Fw.-sI.-tZ-h-In,
cP\n Fw.-sI, jo_ apwXmkv (a-e-p-dw), ]n.-Pn.-tKm-]n-I, sI.-Fw.-tIm-a-f-h-n,
sI.-X--a-Wn, Sn.-b-timZ (tIm-gn-tm-Sv), kp`{Zm \mb, Sn.-]n. tIma-f-h-n, Sn.-tPymXn
(h-b-\m-Sv), sI.-c-am-h-Xn, tUm.-sI.-kn-.hke, B.-kp-[, ]n.-sI.-t__n do\
(I-q), Un.-F.-kp-a, F^v.-ta-gvkn, Fw.-Pn-{]-aof (Im-ktKm-Uv).
HmUn--am-:
]n- Fkv- jm-Pn-Ip-am,- F- Kn-cn-[c-\m-b-

2013
kmn
Poem . Prof. Dr. K. V. Dominic
Chilly freezing Line of Control
Two Indian soldiers shot dead

by Pakistan counterparts
A body even beheaded and mutilated
Similar accusations from Pakistan soldiers
Precious human lives little value there
Values frozen with passionless life at high altitude
When billions of compatriots
live peacefully with their families
on either sides of LoC
thousands of soldiers patrol day and night
deprived of warmth of love
from their spouses and children
How their families long to meet them
counting down months and days!
How these guardian angels
thirst for communion with their families!
How much of a countrys revenue
allotted for its defence every year!
Total money spent on defence
can wipe out poverty from the planet for ever
Is human species so belligerent and destructive?
Arent the masses peace lovers,
benevolent and compassionate?
Why then such a huge waste
for defence unnecessary?
Why create tension at the borders?
A means to divert subjects attention
and muffle mass protest against corruption?
153
kmn
154

2013
kmn
{]`m-jWw
tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW
tI-
{- k-m-cn-s- ]m-X- ]n-Xp-S-v- tIm--td-p-I-fp-sS- Xm-]-cyw- am{Xw- kw-c-n-p-- tI-c-f-n-se- bp.-Un.-F-^v- k-m- c-p-h-jwsIm-v- tI-c-f-n-s- k-a-kv-X- ta-J-e-I-fpw- X-I-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.k-m-cn-s- ]n-Sn-p-tI-Sp-sIm-v- h-c-- Zp-cn-Xm-izm-k- {]-h--\wt]m-epw- \-S-m- I-gn-bm-- kw-m-\-am-bn- tI-c-fw- am-dn-bn-cn-p-Ibm-Wv-.- Cu- K-h--sa-n-s\- A-[n-Im-c-n- sIm-p-h-p-sh-v- A-hIm-i-s-Sp-- F-.-F-kv.-F-kv,- F-kv.-F-.-Un.-]n- Xp-S-n-b- km-ap-Zm-bnI- kw-L-S-\-I-fpw- bp.-Un.-F-^n-se- ]-e- L-S-I- I-n-I-fpw- k-m-cns\-Xn-sc- ]-c-ky-am-bn- cw-K-p- h-cp-- n-Xn-bm-Wn-tm-gp--Xv.- tI-cf-n-se- P-\--sf- Cu- k-m- ]n-gn-bp-I-bm-Wv.- 3600 tIm-Sn-bp-sSA-[n-I- \n-Ip-Xn- P-\--fp-sS- ta- A-Sn-t-n-- k-m- ssh-Zyp-XnNm-v- h--\-hn-eq-sS- 600 tIm-Sn-bp-sS- A-[n-I-_m-[y-X- A-Sn-tn-m-\m-Wv- C-tm- {i-an-p--Xv.- P-\--v- Np-cp-n-b- sN-e-hnIp-Sn-sh-w- e-`y-am-p-- hm-- A-tXm-dn-n-sb- X-I-p-sIm-v- kzIm-cy-I--\n-sb- G-ev-n-v- Ip-Sn-sh-w- hn-X-c-Ww- hn-ev-]-\-bv-p- h-n-cnp-I-bm-Wn-tm.- bp.-Un.-F-^v- `-c-W-n- kv-{Xo-I-v- \n-`-b-ambn- k--cn-m- t]m-epw- I-gn-bm-- kw-m-\-am-bn- tI-c-fw- am-dn.{]m-b-]q-n-bm-hm-- s]--Ip-n-I- t]m-epw- ]o-U-\-n-\n-c-bm-hp- kw-m-\-v- kv-{Xo-]o-U-\-tI-kp-I-fn- t]m-eo-kp-Im-X-s- {]Xn-I-fm-Ip-- tI-kp-I- hym-]-I-am-Wv.- hn-gn-w- lm-_,- I-q- hnam-\-m-h-fw,- kv-am-v- kn-n,- ]m-e-m-Sv- tIm-v- ^m-Iv-S-dn,- tN--ehm-K-- ^m-Iv-S-dn- Xp-S-n- F.-Un.-F-^v- k-m- Xp-S-w- Ip-dn-- ]-Xn-I- t]m-epw- ap-tm-p- sIm-p-s]m-Ip--Xn- bp.-Un.-F-^v- ]q- ]-cm-P-b-am-Wv.-
155
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156

2013
kmn
p-Xv Poh-\-m-cpsS s]jXpI Xn-sb-Sp-m

tIm-td-p-Iv Ah-k-c-sam-cp-m-\m-Wv.
1967 se C.-Fw.-Fkv km-cmWv Poh-\- Poh-\-msc \nb-an-m-Xn-cn-m-\mWv s]j
{]mbw Dbp--Xv. ko-kn-en-cn-p ka-b-mv ma-_ BZy-ambn A\p-h-Zn--msX D-c-hm-Znw Gs-Sp-m Xm-d-s kti-amWv CXp \Ip--Xv. ]m-fn s]j ]Xn
Xv. Hmtcm Ap-hjw IqSp-tmgpw
\S-m-nb cmPy--fn {]Xn-kn a\-n-emn HSpif ]cn-jv-cWw sImp-h-Xv CS-Xp- hn thsp hp. bp.-Un.-F^v 2002 \S-m-m
] ]ptcm-K-a\ km-cm-Wv. {ian-Xv ]cm-P-b-s ]-Xn-bmWv Poh-\-m-cpsS
Ass\-Iy-s-p-Sv \S-m-n-b-Xv. kokv taJe-bnse Nne kwL-S-\-I apX-em-fn GPp-am-cmbn
{]hn--Xns ê-am-Wn-Xv. 1967 se C.-Fw.-Fkv
Poh-\-mv ma-_ BZy-ambn
tem-I-v- G--hpw- Iq-Sp-X- A-gn-a-Xn- \-S-p--km-cmWv
cmA\p-h-Zn--Xv. Hmtcm Ap-hjw IqSp-tmgpw if
Py-am-bn- C-y- am-dn-bn-cn-p-p.- t_m-t^m-gv-kv- A-gn-a-Xn]cn-jv-cWw sImp-h-Xv CS-Xp-] ]ptcm-K-a\
64 tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-s-n- a-tam-l- knw-Knkm-cm-Wv.
s\-Xn-sc- 1.-86e-w- tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- I--cn- Ipw-`-tImDZm-c-h-c-W-ns
`mK-ambn myq-dn
Ww,- 1.-76tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- 2 Pn- kv-s]-Iv-Sw- A-gn-a-Xn,373
tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- sl-en-tIm-]v-- A-gn-a-Xn- XpS-n- 8e-w- tIm-Sn-bn-e-[n-Iw- cq-]-bp-sS- Agn-a-Xn-bm-Wv- C-tm- ]p-d-p-h-n-cn-p--Xv.{]-[m-\-a-{n-X-s- A-gn-a-Xn-I-v- Im-n-IXzw- h-ln-p-p.- Cu- A-gn-a-Xn--Ww- G.-sF.kn.-kn-bn-te-m-Wv- H-gp-In-sb-p--Xv.- sX-cs-Sp-p-I-fn- A-gn-a-Xn-bn-eq-sS- t\-Sn-b- tImSn--W-n-\v- cq-]- D-]-tbm-Kn-v- P-\m-[n-]-Xys-X-- A-n-a-dn-p--Xn-\m-Wv- {i-an-p-Xv.- tIm--{K-kpw- _n.-sP.-]n-bpw- tIm--tdp-Xm-]-cy--sf-bm-Wv- kw-c-n-p--Xv.ap-X-em-fn-- cm-Py--fn- h-f-p-h-cp- km--n-I- {]-Xn-k-n-bp-sS- `m-cw- sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- Po-h-\-m-cp-sS-bpw- ta- ASn-t-n-p--Xn-s- `m-K-am-bm-Wv- s]-j {]m-bw- h-n-n-p-I-bpw- s]-j- ^v- kz-Im-cy- ta-J-e-bv-v- ssI-am-dp-I-bpw- sNp--Xv.- hn-I-kn-X- cm-Py--fn- s]-j-
^-p-I-fm-sI- X-I-cp-- L--n-em-Wv- ]-mfn-- s]-j- ]--Xn- cm-Py-v- \-S-m-p-Xv.- tIm--td-p-I-fp-sS- Xm-]-cy-- kwc-n-p-- \-b-n-s- `m-K-am-bm-Wv- bp.-Un.F-^v- k-m- tIm--{Sn-_yq--dn- s]-j- ]--Xn- Poh-\-m-cp-sS- ta- A-Sn-t-n-n-cn-p--Xv.- Cu- P-\-s]j k{-Zmbw An-a-dn-p-I-bm-Wv. \mSns
kv hIn-S-m-cn-se-n-p `c-W-am-Wn-tm.
hn-cp-- \-b-n-s\-Xn-sc- cm-Py-m-sI- cm-jv-{So-b- t`-Z-a2 Pn kvs{]w, Icn tImashv sKbnw-kv,
t\y- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS- tbm-Pn-- {]-tm-`w- h-f-p-hslen-tm-]vS XpS-nb CS-]m-Sp-I-fn-embn
cn-I-bm-Wv.- Cu- km-l-N-cy-n-epw- tI-c-f-n-se- H-cp-Un^kv
hnFp
ew
tImSn Agn-aXn \S--tm apn-b-]v
`m-Kw- Po-h-\-m-cp-sS- kw-L-S-\-I- tIm--td-v- G-PtIm{Kkv
p-am-cm-bn- {]-h-n--Xn-s- ^-e-am-bm-Wv- 2002\-S- Bm-\-s-n. Cu Agn-a-Xn--W-amWv
Xnc-s-Sp-n thmamsc kzm[o-\n-m D]-tbm-Knm-m- I-gn-bm-sX- t]m-b- ]-m-fn-- s]-j- ]-Xn- G-{]n- 1 ap-X- \-S-m-m- bp.-Un.-F-^v- k-m-cn-p--Xv.
Fm taJ-e-bnepw tIc-fs ]ntm--Sn
\v- k-lm-b-I-am-b-Xv.D
Nmn
km IpSn-sh-w -hsc apn-p. kzImcy
F-m-ta-J-e-I-fn-epw- _-Z- \-b--fp-b-n-n-Sn-pIp-Sn-sh I-\nv hnX-c-W-n-\p A[n-Imcw
sIm-p-- tbm-Pn-- t]m-cm--- h-f-n-sm-p-h\Ip--Xn-s\-Xnsc teJ-\-sa-gp-Xp Fw.-]n. hotc-{cp--Xn-eq-sS- am-{X-ta- tI-{--kw-m-\- k-m-cp-I-fpsS- P-\-hn-cp-- \-b--sf- ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\pw- P-\-- Ip-am Bm-X-bp-s-n kzw ]mSn-bpsS
{]Xn-\n-[nsb a{n-k-`-bn \nv ]nh-en-p-I-bmWv
v- {]-Xo-- \-Im-\pw- I-gn-bq-.
th-Xv. bp.-Un.-F^v A[n-Im-c-n h-tijw 75
Irjn-m B-lXy sNbvXp. t]mj-Im-lm-c-p-d-hp]m-fn s]j ]Xn Poh-\
- m-cpsS
aqew 35 Ipn-I-fmWv A-mSn taJ-e-bn acn--Xv. 34,000
tImSn cq]-bpsS A[n-I-\n-IpXn tIcf P\-X-bn ASnXpI Xn-sb-Sp-m
tn bp.-Un.-F^v km FUn-F^v XpS-nhnI-knX apX-em-fn cmPy--fn \S-mn ]cmh hnI-k-\-t\--sf XIs-dn-bp-I-bm-Wv.
P-b-s ]m-fn s]j ]Xn ChnsS \S-m-
157
kmn
158

2013
kmn
{]`m-jWw
Fw F t__n
ap
-X-em-fn-- hy-h-- F-m- k--n-s-bpw- ]p-n-I- C-tm-gpw- tI-{-Im-_n-\-n- Xp-S-cp-I-bmaq-e-t{km-X-kp-I-fm-b- `q-an-tb-bpw- sXm-gn-emsW-v- a-d-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.fn-I-tf-bpw- Du-n- h-n-p-sIm-m-Wv- hn-IB-tKm-f-h-Xv-I-c-W-n-s- \o-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- am-[ykn-p--sX-pw- kz-X-{- I-tm-f-hy-h-a--sf-bpw- _m-[n-p-p-v.- I-gn-- sX-c-s-Sp-nap-X-em-fn-- Nq-j-W-n-s- ]p-Xp- cq-]-amc-v- Nm-\-ep-I- bp.-Un.-F-^v- A-\p-Iq-e- {]-N-c-WwsW-pw- ap- hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip-p-a-{n- Fw.\-S-n-sb-v- sh-fn-s-p.- am-[y-a- cw-K-s- aq-ey-t_mF- t_-_n- ]-d-p.- sXm-Sp-]p-g-bn- \-S- [-ap--h-cm-Wv- C-Xv- ]p-d-p-sIm-p-h--Xv- F--Xpw- tI-c-f- K-k--Uv- Hm-ô-tk-gv-kv- A-tkmA-`n-\--o-b-am-Wv.kn-tb-j- 47mw- kw-m-\- k-t-f-\-n]-Xn-\m-ep- h-b-kp-h-sc-bp-- Ip-n-I-v- ku-Ps- {]-Xn-\n-[n- k-t-f-\w- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-\y-hpw- km--{Xn-I-hp-am-b- hn-Zym-`ym-k-sa-- `-c-W-Lp-I-bm-bn-cp-p- A-t-lw.- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpS-\-bn-se- \n-t-i-I-X-Xzw- C-v- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-am-bnsS-bpw- Po-h-\-m-cp-sS-bpw- Zo-L-Im-e- t]mam-dn-bn-cn-p-p.- C-Xn-\p- ap-p-X-s- C-S-Xp-]-- kcm---fn-eq-sS- t\-Sn-b- s]-j-\-S--ap-- m-cp-I- tI-c-f-n- C-Xv- {]m-h-n-I-am-n.- bpkm-aq-ly- kp-c-m- kw-hn-[m-\-- I-h- Un- F-^v- k-m- A-- F-bv-U-Uv- kv-Iq-fp-Is-Sp-p-sIm-m-Wv- ap-X-em-fn-w- h--hym-]n-n-p-sIm-v- `-c-W-L-S-\m-ew-L-\-am-Wv- \-S-pam-\-Im-e- {]-Xn-k-n- ]-cn-l-cn-p--Xv.- -Xv.- bp-Un-F-^v- k-m-cn-s- hn-Zym-`ym-k- I-cm- aq_-lp-`q-cn-]--s-bpw- Nq-j-Ww- sN- ew- kzm-{i-b- F-n-\o-b-dnw-Kv- m-]-\--v- I-gnbv-Xv- sN-dn-sbm-cp- \yq-\-]--n-s- ssI- - h-jw- 22tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- A-[n-I-h-cp-am-\w- eI-fn-te-v- k--v- tI-{o-I-cn-p-- A-ta`n-s-v- \n-b-a-k-`-bn- \-In-b- I-W-v- hy--am-pcn-- k--Zv- hy-h-- Nn-e- s]m-Sn-s-Ip.- tI-c-f- k-m- Ip-Sn-tb--m-v- ]--bw- \sIm-v- Du-Xn- ho-n--Xn-s- `m-K-am-bn-Im-sXkm- ssI-t--m-sc- kw-c-n-p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.-n-I-ti-jn- C-m--h-p-t]m-epw- hA-h-Im-i--fpw- I--hy--fpw- X-n-ep-- s]mtXm-Xn- hm-bv-]-I- \-In.- C--s\-bp- cp-w- kw-L-S-\-bn- am-{X-a-- k-aq-l-n-epw- {]-[m- h-f-- im-iz-X-a-s-v- A-ta-cn--bp-sS- \-am-sW-pw- Ip-Spw-_m--co--n-epw- P-\m-[n-]-Xykm--n-I-am-y- A-\p-`-hw- sX-fn-bn-p-p.-]-c-am-b- Po-hn-X-ssi-en- A-\p-h-n-m- I-gn-tb-ssk-{]-kn-ep-m-b- cq--am-b- km--n- Xm-sW-pw- A-t-lw- Po-h-\-m-sc- Hm-n-n-p.I- {]-Xn-k-n- bq-tdm-n-s\-bm-sI- _m-[n"-]p-g-I- Im-v- h-gn-I- ho-p-sXm-Sn-I- Ip-pp.IIm-bn-I- cw-K-s- tI-fo-X-Xz--fp-sSa-en-\-am-n-Sm-sX- \n-Xy-ap-d-hn-S--fnbpw- aq-ey--fp-sS-bpw- {]-Xo-I-sa-v- I-cp-X- N-h-d-I- th-Xn-cn-v- th-sd-th-sd-bm-p-Ins-Sp-\-\- k-n- sS-p--sd- t]m-epw- teXp-S-n-h-p- k-m-fm-Zy- Np-h-Sp- `w-Kn-bn-'-'e-h-kv-Xp-hm-p-I-bm-Wv- Xp-d-- I-tm-f- hy- F-- A-\n-Xm-X-n-bp-sS- h-cn-I- D--cn-v- ]-cnh-.- C-Xn-s- C-c-bpw- Kp-W-t`m-Xv-Im-hpn-Xn- kw-c--W-n-s- {]m-[m-\yw- Po-h-\-m-cp-sSam-Wv- {io-im-v.- F-m- {io-im-n-t\- {i--bn-s-Sp-n-sm-m-Wv- A-t-lw- {]-kw-Kw- Am- h-en-b- A-gn-a-Xn-m-cm-b- F-{X-tbmh-km-\n-n--Xv.-
159

2013
kmn
{]`m-jWw
sI {]Im-iv-_m-_p-
tI
cfn- bp-Un-F^v- k-m- cp- h-jw- Xn-I-p.- tIm--{Kp-Im-v- B-izm-kw- `m-hn-m-sa-n-epw- c-p-h-j-am-bn- A-an-X`m-cw- t]-dn- X-f-- P-\-X- B-izm-k-\n-izm-k--v- C-Sw- In-msX- X--sf- h-n-- k-m- ]p-Xn-b- G-Xp-X-cw- Nm--hm-dm-Wv- X-s-Xn-sc- D-]-tbm-Kn-m- t]m-Ip--sX-v- `-b-tm-sS- t\mp-I-bm-Wv.- cm-Py-n-\m-sI- am-Xr-I-bm-b- tI-c-f- hn-I-k-\-s]p-d-tIm--Sn-v- kz-Im-cy- I--\n-I-m-bn- \m-Sn-sd- hn-`-h--sfmw- Cu- k-m- Im-gv-N-h-p.a-tX-X-c-Xz-n-\v- ap-dn-th-- C-y-bp-sS- C-X-c-`m-K--sf-tm-setI-c-f-n-epw- \yq-\-]-- - `q-cn-]-- h-o-b- Xo-{h-hm-Z- {Kq-pI- i-n-{]m-]n-p.- hn-Zym-`ym-k-s- hm-Wn-Py-h-I-cn-- bp-UnF-^v- k-m- C-tm- B- ta-J-e-sb- ]--]p-X-n-p.- k-h-I-emim-e-I-fp-sS- `-c-W-n- A-l-X-bn-m--h-sc- hm-gn-p-sIm-pwk-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- A-[o-\-X-bn-ep-- G-- I-W-n-\v- h-cp-`q-an- ap-ow-eo-Kn-sd- {]-am-Wn-am- \-bn-p-- {S-kv-p-I-fp-sS- t]cn- ]-Xn-s-Sp-p-hm-\p-- lo-\-am-b- {i-a-hpw- \-S-n.hy-h-km-b-h-Ip-n-sd- Io-gn-ep-- C-sI- F-- kv-Ym-]-\n-sd- a-d-hn- s]m-Xp-ta-J-emkv-Ym-]-\--fp-sS- `q-an- F-kv-t-vam-^n-b-I-v- ssI-h-i-s-Sp-p-hm-\pw- k-m- I-f-sam-cp-n.A-[n-Im-c- hn-tI-{o-I-c-W-s- i-n-s-Sp-n- X-t-i- kz-bw-`-cW- kv-Ym-]-\--sf- sa--s-- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- kw-hn-[m-\-am-n-b- tIc-f-n- {Km-a-hn-I-k-\-s- {Xn-X-e- ]-m-b-p-I-fn-\n-pw- ]dn-s-Sp-v- ho-pw- {]-tXy-I- h-Ip-m-n.- ]-m-b-v- ^-n-\npw- h-Ip-v- a-{n-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-sd- {S-kv-n-te-v- ]-Ww- H-gp-In.cm-Py-n-\p- am-Xr-I-bm-b- Ip-Spw-_-{io- ^-v- tIm--{K-kvkv-t]m-tk-Uv- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- P-\-{io-bn-te-v- h-I-am-n- \-In.tI-c-f-n-sd- s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-W-cw-Kw- C-v- G-sd- Zp-_-e-ambn.- A-cn,- ]-e-hy-Rv-P-\-- F-n-h-bv-s-mw- hn-e- {I-am-Xo-X-ambn- h-[n-p.- bp-Un-F-^v- k-m- A-[n-Im-c-n- h-cp-tmA-cn- hn-e- In-tem-bv-v- 14-16 cq-]-bm-bn-cp--Xv- 35 cq-]-bn-e-[n-I-ambn- D-b-p.- ]-e-tm-gpw- A-cn- Hm--- am--n- In-m-\n-m-Xmbn.- td-j- A-cn-bp-sS- hn-e-bpw- \n-tXym-]-tbm-K- km-[-\--fp-sShn-e-bpw- {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn- h-[n-p.- k-m-cn-sd- I-tm-f- C-S-s]-
163
kmn
S- Xo-sc- C-m-Xm-bn.- F-m-n-\p-ap-]-cn- s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-Wcw-Kw- A-gn-a-Xn- Iq-m-c--sIm-v- \n-d-p.- a-{n-bpsS- t]-cn- X-s- H-n-e-[n-Iw- hn-Pn-e-kv- tI-kp-I- cPn-kv-- sN--s-p.tI-c-f-n-sd- Im-jn-I-ta-J-e- X-I-cp-I-bm-Wv.- FUn-F-^v- `-c-W-Im-e-v- C-m-Xm-b- I-j-I- B-Xv-a-l-XyC-tm- ho-pw- Xp-S-n-bn-cn-p-p.- Im-jn-I- hn-e-XI--bpw- Im-em-h-kv-Ym- hy-Xn-bm-\-hpw- sIm-Sn-b-h-c-bpw- Cu- ta-J-e-sb- X-I-p-I-bm-Wv.- C-Sp-n,- h-b-\m-Sv,Ip--\m-Sv- ]m-t-Pp-I- H-pw- Cu- k-m-cn-\v- ]q-am-bn- \-S-n-em-m- I-gn-bp-n-.- ]p-Xn-b- tI-{- k-lmbw- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-m-\pw- I-gn-bp-n-.- {]-Jym-]-\--fp-sSs]-cp--d- ap-g-m-\-m-sX- {In-bm-Xv-a-I-am-bn- H-pw- X-s\-S-n-em-m- k-m- {i-an-p-n-.]m-h-s-- P-\--sf- k-lm-bn-p-- B-tcm-Ky- C-jpd-kv- ]--Xn-bn-\n-pw- s]m-Xp-ta-J-e-bn-ep-- bp-ssW-Uv- C-ym- C-jp-d-kv- I--\n- H-gn-hm--s-p.- _-lpcm-jv-{S- Ip--I- I--\n-bm-b- dn-e-b-kn-s\-bm-Wv- Cuh-jw- ap-X- ]--Xn- G-]n-n-cn-p--Xv.- ]-e- \-S-]-SnI-fp-sS- Ip-cp-n-s-v- B-tcm-Ky- C-jp-d-kv- ]--Xn- bn-p-- sI-F-kv-B-Sn-kn- _-p-I- an--hm-dpw- \n-cA-\n-iv-Nn-X-Xz-n-te-v- \o-p-p.- tI-c-f-n-\n-v- Xp-n-en-d-m-sX-bm-bn.- tI-{- k-m- s]-t{Sm,- Uo-k,S-p-\o--s-- a-te-dn-b,- a-v- Xp-S-n-b- tcm-K-- C]m-N-I-hm-X-I- hn-e- h-[n-n--tm- sI-F-kv-B-Sn-kntm- Xn-cn-p-h-cp-p.- sU-n--\n-bpw- F-en--\n-bpw- a-pbpw- sd-bn-sh-bpw- Uo-k-en-sd- k-_v-kn-Un- ]q--amssh-d--\n-I-fpw- A-Xn-s\- Xp-S-p-- a-c-W--fpw- Xp- bn- H-gn-hm-n.- en--dn-\v- 15 cq-]- h-sc- A-[n-Iw- \-tI-S--Y-bm-Ip-p.- B-Zn-hm-kn-ta-J-e-bn- t]m-j-Im-lm- K-Xn-tI-Sn-te-v- sI-F-kv-B-Sn-kn- F-n-b-tm- {]-Xnc-p-d-hp-sIm-p-t]m-epw- Cu- tI-c-f-n- Ip-p-- am-kw- tIm-Sn--W-n-\v- cq-]-bp-sS- A-[n-I-_m-[y-X- sIa-cn-p-- A-h-kv-Y- ho-pw- D-m-Ip-p.F-kv-B-Sn-kn-v- D-m-bn.- A-]w- B-izm-kw- \-IntI-c-f-n-se- km-[m-c-W- P-\-- bm-{X-bv-v- B-{i- b- ssl-tm-S-Xn- hn-[n- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- kv-t- sN-bv-
164

2013
kmn
Un-s\- hn-`-Pn--W-sa-v- tI-{w- B-h-n-p- ]-d-bp-pv.- sXm-gn-em-fn- bq-Wn-b-\p-I-fp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sp-I- hn-`-P\-n-\-\p-Iq-e-a-m--Xp-sIm-v- am-{Xw- C-Xv- \o-p-t]mhp-I-bm-Wv.- Po-h-\-m-sc-bpw- P-\--sf-bpw- ]p-Xn-b- {]Xn-k-n-bn-em-p-- Cu- Xo-cp-am-\w- C-\n-bpw- k-mD-t]-n-n-n-.- C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-n- t_m-Un-\v- 1300 tIm-Sncq-]- ]n-cn-p- In-m-\p--tm- t_m-Un-\p-m-Ip-[-\--n- \n-I-m-s\-- t]-cn- ssh-Zyp-Xn- Nm-Pv- ASn--Sn- h-[n-n-p-I-bpw- sN-p-p.- a-Wn-q-dp-I- \ofp-- ]-h-I-pw- tem-Uv-sj-Unw-Kpw- tI-c-f-n- ho-pwXn-cn-p-sIm-p-h--Xm-Wv- Cu- k-m-cn-sd- t\-w.- Fn-pw- km-[m-c-W-m-v- Xm-m- I-gn-bm-- \n-e-bnssh-Zyp-Xn- Nm-v- F-m-h-j-hpw- Iq-p-I-bpw- sN-pp.- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X- ]--Xn-I-sf- B-{i-bn-msX- ku-tcm-- ]--Xn-I- t]m-se-bp-- ]m-c--tcyX-c- Du--t{km-X-p-I-sf- sI-F-kv-C-_n- B-{i-bn-p-tX-bn-.Ip-Sn-sh-- hn-X-c-W-n-ep-- G-I- s]m-Xp-ta-J-emkv-Ym-]-\-am-b- tI-c-f- hm-- A-tXm-dn-n-sb- sh-m-\-bmXp.- C-tm- sI-F-kv-B-Sn-kn- Po-h-\-m-v- i--fw- n- am-n.-P-\--fn- \n--I-n.- ss]-v- s]m--epw- ip--Pe-hn-X-c-Ww- ap-S--epw- \n-Xy-kw-`-h--fm-bn- am-dn--gn-p.\-Im-\pw- kv-s]-b-]m-Sv-kv- hm-m-\pw- S-b- hm-mC-Xn-sd- a-d-hn- Ip-Sn-sh-- hn-X-c-W-n-\m-bnkz-Im\pw- I-gn-bm-- A-h-kv-Y-bm-Wv.- hn-c-an-- Po-h-\-m-vcy- I--\n- cq-]o-I-cn-m- k-m- Xo-cp-am-\n-p-I-gn-p.s]-j-t]m-epw- \-Im- I-gn-bp-n-.- k-m- _51\i-X-am-\w- kz-Im-cy- Hm-l-cn-bp-- tI-c-f- {Unw-nw-Kvkv- Hm-Sp-- dq-p-I- kz-Im-cy-_-kv- Hm--td--am-vhm-- I--\n-m-bn-cn-pw- ip--P-ew- hn-X-c-W-n-\p-In- am-{Xw- {]-iv-\w- ]-cn-l-cn-m-\m-Wv- k-m- {i-an-pNp-a-X-e.- Hm-tcm- Xp-n- sh--n-\pw- tI-c-f-n-se- P-\-Xv.- I--\n-bp-sS- em-`w- Iq-Sn- I-W-n-se-Sp-p-sIm-pssh-Zyp-Xn-ta-J-e- G-sd- {]-Xn-k-n-bn-em-Wv.- tI-{- ò-a-am-bssh-Zyp-Xn- \n-b-aw- A-\p-k-cn-v- tI-c-f- C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-nt_m- hn-e- \-tI-n-h-cpw.- iz-kn-p-- hm-bp-hn-
165
kmn
166

2013
kmn
\p-t]m-epw- hn-e- \-tIp-- \n-e-bn-te-v- {]Ir-Xn-bp-sS- h-c-Zm-\-sf- bp-Un-F-^v- km- hn--\--c-p-Ifm-n- am-n-sm-n-cnp-p.tI-c-f-n-se- {Km-aoW- k--Zv-L-S-\-sb- XI-p-- \n-e-bn- kl-I-c-W- _m-p-I-fp-sS{]-h--\w- X-S--s-Spm- Cu- k-m- If-sam-cp-n.- k-mPo-h-\-m-cp-sS- s]-j A-h-Im-iw- H-cp- a-coNn-I-bm-n.- ]-m-fn-s]-j- ]--Xn- Po-h\-m-cp-sS-ta- A-Snt-n-p.- F-a-Pnw-KvtI-c-f-sb-- am-am-- pw- hm-Kv-Zm-\--sIm-pw- P-\--sf- h-n-- H-cp- k-m- c-p- h-jwn- Iq-Sn- dn-b- F- tI-c-f- `-c-W-n- Xn-I-p- F--Xv- P-\-hn-cp--am-bn- X-s- `-c-Ww- Xp-S-cm-sakv-t-v- D-s-sS-bp--- k-t-i-am-bn- Zp-hym-Jym-\w- sN-m-\m-Wv- ap-Jy-a-{n-bpw- Iq--cpw- {i-anam-^n-bm- kw-L--v- p--Xv.- k-m-cn-sd- P-\-t{Zm-l- \-S-]-Sn-I-s-Xn-sc- D-z-e-am-b- P-\\m-Sn-sd- hn-`-h-- Io-b- sN-dp-p-\n-pw- {]-tm-`-W--fpw- \m-Sn-sd- \m-\m-`m-K-pw- ]-esIm--b-Sn-m- A-hco-Xn-bn- i-n- {]m-]n-p- h-cn-I-bm-Wv.- Cu- `-c-W- \-S-]-Sn-I-s-Xn-sc- _k-c-sam-cp-n.A-Wn-\n-c-n- Iq-Sp-X- i--am-b- {]-tm-`-W--v- h-cpw{]-Jym-]-\--sIm- lp-P-\--sf\m-fp-I-fn- C-S-Xp-]-- cm-jv-{So-b {]kv-Ym-\- t\Xr-Xzw- sIm-Sp-pw.-
167
kmn
168

2013
kmn
Ihn-X . BWn ap\n-bd
\ndnbmw
mhp ]nSn Hmp ]{X-
Hm-I-fpsS \Sp--f-nse
KX-Ime Nn--fm-Wv,
shfp-n-s-Sp-m ]mSp-s]-tSn hcpw
]gb ]mp-t]m-se-bm-hn-,
tI-dn-hp-t]m-ep-an-m ISw IY-I
Ip angn-n-cn-p-tm
Cgp hcpp
`qX-Ime kvarXn-bpsS \qm-e-n-eqsS
Hcp lcn-X-{Kmaw
B{mIvkv
sImp-m-bn-cpp
aqp-I-b-dp-m-bn-cpp
Fn-pw...........
]Wn-sp c-sa-Spp
]-Sn-bm-g-n Ipgn-n-p.
Ggmw \m
In-m-smcp Igp-X-p-n,
cmb- s]n-bn-eqsS
apSn \op-p.
AXnn IS--cp-Xv,
Imn-eq-sSbpw ]Scpw
C\n izmk-\n-izm-k--f-cp-Xv,
amwk-s-p-dn-smpw ]d-b-cp-Xv,
\ma--n IpdpIn
\mp-h-gn-I-fn apSn
{Up sNm t\cw,
anmw apn ]Xp-p-p.
k-S-P---fpsS
t\ kmy-
169
kmn
170

2013
kmn
{]`m-jWw
Ggm--tcn cma-N-{
tIc-fs a\p-jy-tI-{o{`m m-e-b-am-Ip
Ir-X-amb ]pXnb kwkvIr-Xn-bn-tev
ssI]n-Snp-bnv \thm-m\ aqey-

A]-N-bs Sp ]pXnb Ime-ns
Nn{Xw A\m-hrXam--s, \jvS-s,
\-I-sf-p-dnv BIp-e-s -Sp-Ibpw
Ahsb Xncnp sImp-h-cm-\p ]cn-{ia--fpsS A\n-hm-cyX Hm-s-Sp-pIbpw sN-Ww.
`qX-Im-e-ns \-I Hms-Spm Ign-bm Ajn-tagvkv tcmKn-Ifmbn tIcf kaqlw amdp-I-bm-Wv. ]pXnb
X-e-apd b{-\m-K-cn-I-X-bpsS Bkpc k-Xn-Ifmbnamdp-p. hniz-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-msc kzw IpS-Dw_mw-K--embn I kwkvm-c-k---amb Hcp Xeap-d-m-cpsS h-am-\-Ime Nn{X-am-Wn-Xv.
A\m-Y-kv{Xo-I-fpsS Agp-Inb PU- \nd-bp
]pWy \Zn-I-fpsS \mSmbn `mcXw amdp-I-bm-Wv. almm-Km-nbpw cho-{-\m-Y-Sm-tKmdpw Ib-dn-s, \thmm\ \mb-I-\mb, {io\m-cm-bWKpcp-hns kn-[n-bntev tamUnsb Wn-m inh-Kncnbnse k\ym-knamv Ign-bp-Xv CXp-sIm-m-Wv. \nameyw
t]msemcp kn\na \nan-m Ign-bm hn[w \psS
\mSns kmwkvm-cn-I-a-ew Npcp-n-tm-bn.
ae-bmfw `c-W-`m-j-bm-IpXns\bpw AXn\v
mknIv ]Zhn e`n-p--Xn-s\bpw AwKo-I-cn-p-tm
Xs AXn\papdw kw`-hn-t-Xv ae-bmfw lrZ-b`m-j-bm-hp-I-sb--Xm-Wv. a\p-jy\v kwkvmc hnthIw
km-\n-p-Xv Ah-cpsS `mj-bmWv.
Fkv. cta-i
`m
t]
jbp-sSbpw kwkvm-c-n-sbpw \-I-fn-tev ]pXnb Xe-apd Xncnp \S-p-Xp-S-p-p-sh-Xns kqN-I- ipt`mZm-amWv. ae-bmfw ]Tnv amXr-`m-j-bn ]co--sb-gpXnb Ipn sFFF-kn Hmw m\-m-cn-bm-hp-Xv Cu Xncn-p-\-S--ens \ sImm-Wv. BtKm-f-h-c-Wns PoW-kw-kvIr-Xn-Isf ]n]-p--h-c X-sfv sXfn-bn-p ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS kmwkvmcnI t_m[w ]pXnb {]Xo--bmWv \Ip--Xv.
Fw.-B. Pb-KoX
cp-I-fn \nv hmep-I apdn-p-\o--s Ime-n\p ]Icw a\p-jy-in-c-kp-I-fn PmXn-sm-p-I
apf-bvp Ime-mWv \mw Pohn-p--Xv. Cu sImp-I sImp Ipp--fpsS t]mepw lrZ-b Iodn-ap-dn-p-p. C-se-I-fn \nv apf-p-s]m-n-b-XmWv Cns imkv{Xw. AkwJyw tNmZy-fn \nmWv \thm-m-\-aq-ey- Dcp-n-cn--Xv. kwkvIm-cw a\p-jys am{Xw khn-ti-j-Xbm-Wv. AXns B-cn-I-ku-cyw tNmp t]mhp-Ibpw henb hoSp-I-fn Xma-kn-p Xosc
sNdnb IpSp-_-fmbn \mw Npcp-n-tm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. \-bpsS ]p\x-m-]-\-n-eq-sStb
\jvS-s aqey-sf \apv Xncn-p-]n-Sn-m-\mhpw. AXn\v "kmd--ns t]mgw' shSnv
Htc a\-kp kJm--fmbn amdm \apv Ign-b-Ww.
171
kmn
172
{]`m-jWw
tUm. sk_m-y t]m
{io
im-n-s\- A-d-v- sN-bv-X-tm-gm-Wv- sF.-]n.-F.-se- A-gn-a-Xn-bpw- Hp-I-fn-bpw- a-\-n-em-m- I-gn-bp--Xv.- F-m- cm-Py-v- tIm--tdp-I-fp-am-bn- tN-p-- F-m- H-p-I-fn-bp-sS-bpw- B-Nm-cy- {]-[m-\-a{n- a-tam-l-knw-Km-sW-pw- am-v- ^n-Iv-knw-Kv- \-S-p--Xm-I-s- Ata-cn--bn-ep-am-W.v- B-I-j-I-am-b- t]-cp-I-fn- A-h-X-cn-n-p-sIm-v- s]mXp-k-aq-l-n-\p-- \n-b-{-Ww- ]q-W-am-bn- H-gn-hm-n- kz-Im-cy- aq-e-[\-n-\v- b-tY-jv-Sw- em-`w- h-n-n-m-\p-- {]-h--\--fm-Wv- \-h-en_-d- \-b--fp-sS- `m-K-am-bn- \-S-p--Xv.- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I- km--nI- im-kv-{X-n-s- `m-j-bn- am-{Xw- kw-km-cn-p-I-bpw- C-y- B-tKm-fkm--n-I- i-n-bm-bn- h-f-cp-I-bm-sW-v- A-h-Im-i-s-Sp-I-bpw- sNp-tm- cm-Py-v- km--n-I- A--c-hpw- ]m-h-s--h-p-- \o-Xn\n-tj-[-hpw- ap-s--s-m-fpw- Xo-{h-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv.- cm-Py-n-s- ]-cam-[n-Im-cw- ]-W-b-s-Sp-p-- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- \-b-- hn-a-i-\]-c-am-bn- ]-Tn-p-I-bpw- P-\--sf- ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw- sN-t--Xv- Cu- Ime-L--n-s- B-h-iy-am-W.vCy-bn G-sd- {]-Io-n--s-- am-Xr-I-I- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-Xkw-m-\-am-Wv- tI-c-fw.- F-m- C-v- tI-{- \-b--sf- ]n-]-n- tI-cf- hn-I-k-\- am-Xr-I-I- X-I--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- tI-c-f--X-an-gv-\m-Sv- \-Zo-Pe- X--n- X-an-gv-\m-Sn-\v- A-\p-Iq-e-am-bn- Nn-e- am-[y-a-- \n-e-]m-SpI- kzo-I-cn-p-sh-- C--en-P-kv- dn-tm-v- ]p-d-p-h-p.- ap-Jy-a-{nCu- dn-tm-n- tJ-Zw- {]-I-Sn-n-p-sh-n-epw- C--c-sam-cp- dn-tm-v- Dm-b-Xn-s- A-Sn-m-\w- F-s-v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-m- X-m-dm-bn-n-.- hnPn-e-kn-s- {]-h--\w- sX-m-b- co-Xn-bn-em-tWm-sb-v- ap-Jy-a-{n- hy-am--Ww.- ]-c-ky--fn-eq-sS-bpw- a-pw- tIm--td-p-I-fn- \n--S-wh-Xp-I- k-am-l-cn-v- A-h-sc- a-l-Xv-h--cn-p-- am-[y-a-- F-s\- P-\--v- h-gn-Im-n-bm-Ip-sa-- Im-cyw- h-f-sc- {]-k--amWv. tImtdv Ip-I-Ifpw am[y-ap-X-em-fn-amcpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-cpw tNcp
Nm apX-em-fn--ns {]tbm-m-fpw {]Nm-c-I-cp-amWv Cv
cmPy-ns t\Xm-. Chsc Xncn--dnv {]Xn-tcm-[n-p-tm am{XamWv Hp-I-fn-bpsS BNm-cy-m-cn\nv hkvXp-X-I-fpsS temI-tv
\apv kzbw hntam-Nn-n--s-Sm-\m-Ipw.
173
kmn
{]`m-jWw
cRv-P\ \n-cp-e
sXm-
174
gn-seSp-p-hcp-sS {]m-\n-s `m-Kam-bn- AWn-tNcp-,- kaqln-se DX hn-`m-Kn-sSp- KkUv- Po-h\m-cp-sS

{]m-\s Cy- sXm-gn-em-fn-h- {]m-\am-b kn-sFSnbp-hn-s t]cn- A`n-hm-Z\w- sNp-p.- sXm-gn-ehIm-iw- kw-cnm-\p- t]m-cm-n- AWn-tN-p-\n-m- Ign-bp-,- t\XrXzw- \-Ip- kw-LS\sb \n-ebv-v- A`n-\n-p-p.- Hw- Nne {]kam-b Im-cy-- {ibn-sSp-p-p.k-m- k-o-kv- h-en-b-tXm-Xn- kz-Im-cy-h--cn--s-Sp-p.kp-c-n-X-sa-v- I-cp-X-s-- hn-`m-K--fp-sS-t]m-epw- \n-e-\n-]v- C-mXm-Ip-p.- sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-- ]p-dw-I-cm- h--cn--s-Sp-p.- tkh-\-h-Ip-p-I-fp-sS- m-\-v- k-am--c- an-j-\p-I,- k--- kwhn-[m-\-- hy-h-m-]n-X-am-Ip-p.- n-c-\n-b-a-\-- A-{]-Xy-am-Ip-p.- Xm-m-en-I--I-cm- tk-h-\- kw-hn-[m-\w- k-Ym-]n-X-amIp-p.- dn--b-sN-p--h-v- ]-I-cw- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-\-an-m-Xm-bn-cn-pp.- t{S-Uv-bq-Wn-b--kw-L-S-\m- {]-h--\w-X-s- tNm-Zyw-sN--sSp-p.s{]m-^-j-W- ta-J-e-bn- tUm-,- F-n-\o-b- Xp-S-n-b-h.-

2013
kmn
sXm-gn- D-d-p--h- F-v- I-cp-Xn-b-h-cp-sS- Im-b-Sn-p-I-bm-Wn-h.- C-Xn-s\- sN-dp-m- Ccyw-t]m-epw- A-\n-n-X-am-Ip-p.- ssh-Im-sX- `-cy-m-sI- am-Xr-I-bm-tI--Xv- tI-c-f-n-se- PoW-Im-cy- \n--l-W- hn-`m-K-s- Cu- A-c-n-Xm-h-\-m-cp-sS- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS- I-S-a-bm-Wv.- hh-- {K-kn-pw.- `-c-W-Iq-S-Xm-]-cyw- aq-e-[-\- i-\n-X-I- A-S-w,- s{]m-^-j-W-ep-I- D-sn-I-fp-sS- Xm-]-cy- kw-c--W-am-bn- ]-cn-W-ansS- K-k--Uv- Po-h-\-m-cpw- Cu- I-S-a- G-sd-Spp-p.p-sa-m-Wv- {]-Xo-.kzm-X-{ym-\--cw- cm-{w- cq-]-s-Sp-n-b- t- sam-w- _m-[n-n-cn-p-- km-aq-ly-Po-Wa-cm-{- k--]-\-hpw- sXm-gn-em-fn- t-a- \-S-]-SnX-bpw- aq-ey-Nyp-Xn-bpw- Po-h-\-m-cp-sS- ta-J-eI-fpw- d-m--s-Sp-I-tbm- ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-I-tbm- sN-bn-epw- hym-]n-p-p.- h-\n-Xm- Po-h-\-m-tcm-Sp-s-Sp-p.- B-tKm-fo-I-c-W- [-\-aq-e-[-\- Im-e-L- - k-ao-]-\-n-en-Xv- {]-I-S-am-Wv.- I-q-p--n- k-m- tk-h-\-ta-J-e-t]m-epw- kz-Imh- \n-e-\n-p-I-b-sb--;- i-- A-Xn-Po-hncy-h--cn--s-Sp-p.- I-tm-f-h--cn--s-Spp-I- F-- Im-p-\o-Xn- \-S-m-m-\m-Wv- C-tmp.- A-kw-L-Sn-X--A-hn-Z-Kv-[- sXm-gn- ta-J-e-IA-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- {i-aw.- Zp-_-e,- \n-cm-{i-b,Xn-I-- A-cm-P-I-Xz-n-te-v- \o-p-p.- A-- Nq-jn-X- F-mw- Xn-c-kv-Ir-X-am-Ip-- km-aq-lymhm-Sn- Po-h-\-m,- B-jm- {]-h--I,- ]m-N-I- h--bm-Wv- kw-Pm-X-am-Ip--Xv.sm-gn-em-fn-I,- Km-ln-I- tPm-en-m,- kz-bw- a-X-hpw- cm-{o-b-hpw- Iq-n-p-g-bv-p-,- ksXm-gn- kw-cw-`-I- Xp-S-n- h-\n-X-I- K-Wy-amZm-Nm-c- s]m-eo-kp-s-sS- A-Xn-{I-a--sf- Xmbn- ]-s-Sp-p-- cw-K--sf-mw- I-Sp-- sXm-gn-tem-en-p-,- an-{i-hn-hm-l-hpw- a-X-\n-c-t]-- k\-- th-X-\-\---ò-j-Wn-I- t\-cn-Sp-I-bm-Wv.aq-l-_--- A-n-a-dn--s-Sp-- n-Xn-h-ntI-c-f-n-s- sXm-gn-]-c-am-b- t\--,- Fcn-p-p.- ^yq-U- h-tc-Wy- kw-kv-Im-c-hpw- hoUn-F-^v- k-m- ap-tm-p-h-- \--I-sf-mw- bp--W-hpw- ]p-\x-m-]n--s-Sp-p.- kv-{Xo-]p-cpUn-F-^v- ]q--am-bn- X-I-p-I-bm-Wv.- ssh-c-\nj- _---sf,- th-j-sb,- `m-j-sb,- sXm-gn-encym-X-\-_p-n-tbm-sS- F-m-n-s\-bpw- A-n-a-dn-ps\- F-mw- C-Xv- _m-[n-p-p.- k-- kr-n-II-bm-Wv- C-h- sN-p--Xv.sf-tm-epw- A-h- \n-b-{n-p-p.- C--c-samtI-{--kw-m-\- k-m-cp-I- ]m-e-sa-ncp- A-[-:-]-Xn-- n-Xn-bn-\n-v- \-ap-v- hn-tams\-bpw- tIm-S-Xn-sb-bpw- A-gn-a-Xn- h--cn-n-cnNn-X-am-Im- I-gn-bp-I- sF-Iy-tm-sS-bp-- Ip-p.- A-gn-a-Xn-sb- hy-h-km-b-am-n- am-p-I-bmcp-p-- t]m-cm--n-eq-sS- am-{X-am-sW-v- HmWn-v.- cm-Py-s,- P-\-X-sb,- X-e-ap-d-I-sf- sIm--s-Sp--s.-
175
kmn
176

2013
kmn
{]`m-jWw
B. app-kp-cw
tem
I-pmIp km-nI amy-ns BZy Cc-I-fmWv sXmgn-emfn-Ifpw Poh-\-mcpw.

km-nI amys XpSv sF.Fw F^pw temI-_mpw
]e ]cn-lm-c-am-fpw \nt-in-s-nepw sXmgn-en-mbva cq-ambn
hn-p. hne--b-hpw if timj-Whpw Dm-bn. sXmgnseSpp-h hym]-I-ambn ka-c-n hp. hmkv{Sov {]tm`w AhnsS
am{Xw HXp-n-bn-.
tI{-km Hmlcn hn-gn-epw hntZi {]Xy \nt-]hpw
IqSp-X XzcnXsSp-n. CXns\ sXmgn-em-fn-hw cmjv{Sobw adv
H-s-mbn t\cnSm Xm-dm-bn. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Bh-iy- hfsc
Kuc-h-ambn ImWp-p-shv {][m-\-a-{nv ]d-tb-n-h-p. Fm
Ah-iym-[n-jvTnX an\naw thX\w \S-n-em-p Imcyw ]d-bp-n-.
tZio-b-X-e-n "^vtfm eh an\naw thPkv' \S-n-em-p-sav
]d-bp-p-sh-nepw "enhnwKv thPkv' FXv shdpw kz-]v\-ambncnpw.
Cy-bn sXmgn-emfn h-ns Dev]m-Z\ aX hfsc DbXm-Wv. 1980 sXmgn-emfnIv e`n-n-cp samw hnlnXw Pn.-Un.]n
bpsS 30% Bbn-cp-p. Cv CXv 9.4% ambn Ipd-p. AtX kabw
apX-em-fn-am-cpsS em`w 56% ambn hn-p. ]e kwm-\--fnepw ncw
tPmen-Iv ]Icw GPkn-I hgn Icm tPmen-I-fmWv \S-n-emp-Xv. Hmw bp.-]n.F km-cns Imev CS-Xp-]--ns
k-^-e-ambn ]m-fn s]j hym]-I-ambn \S-n-em-bn-.
Fm Ctm F.-Un.-F-bpsS klm-b-tmsS ]n.-F-^v.-B.-Un.F
_n ]mmm\p ]cn-{i-a-n-emWv cmw bp.-]n.F km ]mfn--s]j FXv Poh-\-m-cpsS thX\w ]nSn-p-h-bv-em-Wv. CXns\-Xnsc i-amb XpS{]-tm-`- \S--Ww. hne--bw sImv
\w Xncn-bp-tm Cv e`n-p Iqen-smv Cse Pohn--a-nse-nepw \msf Pohn-m-sa C hnizmkw XI-cp-I-bm-Wv.
thebpw Iqenbpw Cm-Xm-Ip--Xp-hgn AXn-Po-h\ Ah-Imiw Xs
XI-cp-I-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-Xn-sc-bp t]mcm--nse sFIyhpw AXns\mw sFIy-n-\m-bp t]mcm-hpw \mw XpSp-sIm-tbn-cn-Ww.
177
kmn
178

2013
kmn
IhnX
sI Sn- cm-Po-hv-
sm-cp-Im-ew\m-Xp-tIm-Sn- P\Xbv-m-bnkz-w- \m-Sn- [a\n-I-tXm-dpwtZikv-t\l Nm-ep-I-Io-dn]\Zo-XS ]p-{Xmkz-w- {]m-W\pw- chp-taInAhcp-sS ap-{Z Xem-hnh-Ictbgpw- hms-Wm-cp-hsc
sIm-p-ap-dn-p- `KXv-tk\
Csm-cpIm-ew
P\m-[n-Im-cShp-I-Xm-nAdp-]p-Ign-tmC{{]Iq-Sm-cnASn-bdhn-s Xem-hvA[-a]m-e\ ]m-hnA[o-c\n-i_v-Z tabv-m-bnA[o-ihm-gv {]m-n-Sn-bI\n-p-\-In- s]m-Xq-h
[-a[zw-k\ aq-Sp-]SwkNn-hm-cmw- _nw-_-pwkNn-thm-a cq-]-pw]I-p-\n-dv- A[n-Im-cW
kl{ktIm-Sn-bgn-aXn-sbm-m-bn\m-Snlr-n- kn-cI-tXm-dpwIp-n-sbm-gp-n- ]m-bv-tm]p-n-cn-Xq-In- Xem-hv\m-Sn- -ktm-tcmm-bn\q-dm-bvIo-dn- hn-p-tm-gpwIpw-Im-Xpw- hm-bpw-aq-SnXgp-hf-p- Xem-hv--
179
kmn
IY
kp`mkv. kn.-Fkv
180
\-p-s]-p ag. B Abpw afpw apgpn-Wn-bm-bn-cpp. t\cw shfp-mepw ia-\-an-m ag ]I-en-t\bpw Gsdpsd \\pXop sImn-cp-p. P\- ]pd-n-d-m-\mhmsX Imp-sInnSp. hgn-h-nse Hgn aqe-bn
shdpw \nev ac-pIfn sIn \nnb Iodnb
mnIv Ih ta IpSn-en-\p-n asf Acn-In
tNn-cp-n, hndp hnd-env B A Ipn-bn-cp-p.
]gb km[-\- s]dp---n-hn-n-cp Ahv
sXmgnseSpm ]msX ag hw-\n-p. \K-c-nse amen\y- ag Hgp-n-\on asm-cn-Sv sImp-sN-n-p.
AsXmcp ae-t]mse Dbp-hv shw XSv \nn.
"ASn-b-n-c-ambn amen-\y-q-mcw tImcn am-Ww.' A[nIm-cn-I D]-I-c-W--fp-ambn Xnpw Xncpw Iqn. Asn \Kcw sh-n-\-Sn-bn-em-hpw. hymIp-e-X-I ]cn-jvmc-n-Sv aqSn--f `qan \K-c-n-\n-Sbn shw
Zmlnv he-p. sjns\ Npn ac--p-I-fn tNv
\nn-bn-cp ImUv t_mUpw ]g-b-Nmpw sImp

2013
kmn
Nphcv IpXnv \nev hoWp. ]pds

XWp-nepw hniv sImv NqSp-]n-Sn IpnI A-p-n-em-bn. ag Aev]w Ipd-tm asf sjn-en-cpn apjn-v
Iodnb kn-bp-ambn kuP-\y-td-j sImSpp IS-bn-tev \S-p. ]g-b-km-[-\-
s]dpn \S-p-tm Ah-cSw In-pm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\-ap-nse hf-v
Xncnv \nevp hcn-bn Ib-dn-\n-p.
henbI-S-bn taevqc app--hsc NmpI An-bnv hn-cp-p. hb-n icnpw
Xobm-fpXpt]mse Ahp-tXm-n.
asftbmv hogmsX ]nSnv \nevm
Ah-cm-hXp {ian-p. Bfp-I hopw
hopw Iyqhn-tev Fn-sm-t-bn-cp-p.
hn[n Ipn-p-d-s-Spv sImv
t]mb sIn-b-hs t{]Xw Ah-cnepw Ipn-Ifnepw kn-th-in-n-cp-p. s]mp-m-an-sb
sIn-b-h ssZh-cq-]--fp-mn Ipd
hnev IhSw sNbvXp Pohn-pXn\nSbvv cw-Onv acn--tm, AtX
{]Xn-a-I-fn Nmbw tXp ]Wn-am{Xw
Adn-bm-hp Ah Ipn-I-fp-ambn Ip angnn-cp-p. B ac-W-tijw PohnXw hc-pt]m-b-Xn-te-mWv Ime-hjw ]n-Wn-hm-cn-henn-Xv.
\oIyq-hn ag-h--tm Fm-hcpw
IpS\n-hn \np. Aev Xncn-bp
Ahv tdjImUv, IpS Fn-h-bn-m-Xn-cp--Xn\m Iyqhn ]nn-tev ]nn-tev amdn-amdn

\nevt-n-h-p. Bcpw Ah-tcmSv IpS-bnI-bdn
\nevm ]dbm-t\m, Fs-nepw anmt\m Iqmn-bn-. Ah smcp ]g-Inb aW-ap-m-bn-cp--Xn\m Cu-I Ah-sc-Npnn \nn-cp-p. apjn-v
XmW Ip-I-fn hoW shw XpS-p-I-f-bm Hcp
ssh t]mse AhcpsS ssI Dbp-Xm-Wp.
Iyqhnse Xnc-n Xmsg Xfw sIn-\n-evp
sNfn-sh--n-tev Btcm Ahsc Xn-bnv
apn Ib-dn-\n-p. ]c-kv]cw Adn-bm--h Iyqhn
Dpw XpwIq-Sn. \nev hoWpInS Ahv
Fgp-t-ev-W-sa-p-m-bn-cp-s-nepw hniv InS-
InS-p-In-S-msX Ahsc hnn-. izmk-n\v ]Icw
sNfn-shw AIv Ib-dn. Hcp tXc--sb-tmse
Ah Npcp-p-Iq-Sn. "Imev Xs IpSnv ]m-bnn-S--W-Xm.. Ch--Isf Cu \mo-tm-Sn--Ww.'
Iyqhn ]nn-em-bn-tmbh t\c-tm-n\v Ah-sct\mn ]v ISn-p. izmk-n\v ]Icw AI-tp
Ib-dn-tmb shw Xncn-n-d-m-\m-hmsX, Hgp-p-\ne ]pg-bm-bn t]mf-hop. ]no-Sv s]mn]c-p.
Hcp-izm-k-n-\mbn AhcpsS Np-]n-Sp. ImUp-Isfm-p-an-msX, Hc-S-bmf Nn-fpw Ah-ti-jn-nmsX A-m-X-h-ambn Ah-c-ns\ InS-p.
Asb ImWmsX aqv Ipn-I ag-bn-te-n-dn. apXn Ipn-bpsS ssI]n-Snv Xmsg-bp--h
Gn-h-env \S-p. hgn-h-nse Db sIn-S-fnse P\-ep-I Fmw ASv InS-p-Ibpw Fm-
181
kmn
n-\p-n \npw Db
Iqw hen tIp-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cp--Xn-nSbn
ag-Im-ns\ Dn-n mnIv
jonsjv Xn adnnv FXn
Zni-bn-tev ]d-p-t]m-bn.
Nm-ep-I-fn apgp-h shw
Ib-dn. Iyma-d-bpsS mknhoW
ag-p-n-n-S-bn-eqsS Hc-m-Xihw Hgp-In\Sp--Xv annamp. \K-c-ncn-tev Ibdn
\nevm Hcp ]oSn-I-n-bpw
Hgn-hp-m-bn-cp-n-. Bdv IpI A-sbtSn \\p
IpXnp. \Sv \Sv henb aXnep Hcp sIn-S-n\v ap]nsenb Ah-cpsS aqn-tev
Acn-sh--t]mse Hcp aWw Ib-dnbn-d-n. Ah aXn-en\p ap]nse
IqtK-n Imv \np. B
aWw Ahsmcp {]Xn-tcm-[-ambn. Ah-c-sb Hcp-\n-anjw ad-p.
sNdn-b-Ip-n-I-fpsS ssI aq-bmfn apdp-In.
"hm..... AI-tv t]mhzmw'
AIv, ag-\-\ an
182
Ipgn-sb-Sp-p sPkn-_n-bpsS sNdnb i_vZn-ep apc-f. S IW-n\v Acn Inb

Nmcw Ipgn-bn-env aqSn-sm-n-cp-p. Ahn-sSbmsI AcnIcn--aWw ag-bn IpXnv I]n-Snp
ap\nknm-ennbpsS ih-h-n-bn AmX-hiw Ibn thK-n ]mp-t]m-bn, Nmcn-tep hoW Acn-bn Hv t]mepw apf-n. tKv Xpd-p-Xpw Imv aqv Ipn-I
At\ym\yw sIn-n-Sn-n-cp-p. Acn-sh aWhpw, Acn-I-cn aWhpw Xn t\cnb hyXymksa Dm-bn-cp-pqshv Ah-c-dn-bmsX
t]mb-Xn\v \nc-h[n Imc-W--fp-m-bn-cp-p.
thdn Nne ImgvN-I t]mse Dbp \nevpp.
ag tXm--tm BtK-n-te-p-h hensbmcp {]Xn-tj[ PmY Ahsc tImcn-sb-Sp-p.
AXn\n-p-b sImbvp-]mv tIv Fpnb B sNdnb Ipn-I Hv Nncn-p. ]ns,
hni--hv A\y-am-Ip Hcn-S-tv PmY
Ahsc \bn-p. Hcp hnip-n-bn-te-v......
(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-mw kwm\ kt-f-\-tmSv A\p-_-np \S-nb Iem--km-lnXy -a--c-n Poh\-m-cpsS hn`m-K-n cmw m\w t\Snb IY)

2013
kmn
teJ\w
sIm
. sI. Fw.-ap-l-Zv
tfm-Wn-b Ime-L--n-em-cw-`nv kzmX-{y-Cy P\-X-bpsS ta-Xm-ev]-cy-v bmsXmcp

hnebpw Iev]n-n-cp-n-. P\- Zp-cnXw t]dp-tmgpw
\-c `mc-X-n hfv \h-en-_-d Ime]c-am-h[n \nIpXn ]ncn-pI F-Xm-bn-cpp apJy
s-n-\n-evp-I-bmW v
Cy
AP. Av Cy--bn kw`-hn Ap-X-]qhpw
knhnkokv. Cwojv Cuv Cym I\n-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn _wKm-fns `c-W- òI-c-hp-amb tKv, ]n-Wn, ac-W- Cmcyw kmyta-s-Sp hmdtl-nwKvkv XpSv s-Sp-p-p. 1943 am{Xw _wKm-fnse ]n-Wn-aqew 15ew P\--fmWv ac-W-sXv. {_no-jp-Im `c-W-samtImhm-enkv {]`p Fn-h Cy-bn
gn-bp-tm Cybnse icm-icn BbpssZLyw 32
DtZym-K `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-n\v ASn-d
hbpw km-cX 10 iX-am-\-hp-am-bn-cp-p.
]mIn. ]noSv Cy `cn KhWam
As knhnkokv Cy tZiob {]mIqSmsX ssht{km-bn-am N--fpsS ASn\-sf ASn--ap Np-Ibpw {]hn-p. temIm-\-n \oXn-\ymbw, dh-\yq, t]meokv
sXm-gn-emfn {]m\w tkmjy-env Bi-b--fn
ASn-m\ kuI-cy- XpS-nb taJ-e-Ifn hn]p-e-ambn DtZym-K-sc \nb-an-p. BIr-jvS-cm-b-tm AXn\npw hnp-amdn ^yqU-env
Nqj-W-hy-h-n-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn Ah \ne-sIm-p.
]t As Db XkvXn-I-I-sfmw
Fm Xmsg Xn-ep Cy in]m-bn-Ifpw apw
hntZ-in-Ipw Xmgv XkvXn-I-I am{Xw
kaql apt-s kzmKXw sNbvXn-cp-p. Ahv
Cy-mp-am-bn-cp-p.
kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn-mt\m cmjv{So-b tbm K-fn
sImtfm-Wn-b DtZym-K kwhn-[m\w
183
kmn
184

2013
kmn
kw_-n-p-hmt\m A\p-hm-Z-ap-m-bn-cp-n-.
Hmtcm-cp-cpw apI-fn-ep DtZym-K--tbpw
km-cn-tbpw kq-{]o-Xnv ]m{X-am-thnbncpp.
kzmX-{ym-\--c`mc-X-n N--fn Imcy-amb
am-ap-m-bn-snepw knhn ko-kns {]h\--fn Ipsd am-ap-m-bn. ]-h-c ]-Xn-I-fn-eqsS-bp P\t {]h-\--fpsS Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-Iambn AXp-am-dn. P\m-[n-]Xy auenI Ah-Imi t_m[apsIm-p-sImv AXv hfp. Ah-Imi [zwk-\-fp-m-b-tm IqSp-X IqSp-X kwL-Sn-X-cm-Im\pw
{]tm-`--fn ]s-Sp-p-hm\pw Poh-\-m
apXnp. Bh-iym-[n-jvTnX an\n-aw-Iq-en, sXmgn kpcn-XXzw, t_mWv XpS-nb ap{Zm-hm-Iy- 1970-IfnXs Poh-\-m-cpsS kwL-S-\-I apg-n-bn-cp-p.
1982 P\p-h-cn-bn Cy sXmgn-emfn h-tm-sSmw
sFIy-ZmVyw {]I-Sn-nv Poh-\-mcpw ka-c-n-en-dn-bXv Hcp sFXn-lm-knI XpS--am-bn-cp-p. _mv
Poh-\-mcpw F.sF. kn DtZym-K-cpw B ka-cn ]sSpn-cp-p. ]no-Sp-Xp-hsc ]e L--fnembn Iqmbpw Am-sXbpw Poh-\-m {]tm-`-
\S-n-b-Xns ê-ambn sa-s tkh-\-th-X\ hyh-I A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambn s]mXp-hn-X-cW k{-Zm-bw
in-s-Sp--Xn\pw, Icn--bpw ]qgvn-shbv]pw hneb-hpw X-S-bp--Xn\pw `q]-cn-jvI-cWw \S-n-em-p-Xn\pw kokv kwL-S-\-I i_vZ-ap-bn-bn-pv.
kzmX-{y-n-\p-tijw `tym-ev]m-Z\w, Btcm-Kyw,
hnZym-`ym-kw, ASn-m\ kuI-cy- XpS-n-b-h-bn

Cy ssIh-cn t\- Fm-hp-sa-n-bn-.
t]mj-Im-lm-cw, IpSnsh-w, ]mn-Sw, Btcm-Ky-kwhn-[m\w XpS-nb ASn-m\ D]m-[n-I _lp-`q-cn]w t]pw e`y-am-bn-. Ign cv ]Xn-m-p-Ifn \nm-W-cw-K-sm-gnsI as-m-bn-Spw hfmap-c-Sn-p-m-bn. ImjnI hf 1.8% am{Xw sXmgnhf1% nepw Xmsg. am\h hnI-k-\-kq-Nn-I-bnepw
Pohn-X-\n-e-hm-c-kq-Nn-I-bn-epw. Cy ]nd-tIm-p-t]m-bn.
km[m-c-W-m-cs hm tijnbn CSnhpmbn.
s]mXp-ta-J-e-bvpw ]c--cm-KX hyh-km-b-pw
Du \jvS-s-p. Agn-a-Xnbpw aqe-[-\ inIfpsS
Nqj-Whpw km-{Xn-I-ambn hn-p. cmPyw cq-amb
hne--b--nsv Dg-ep-tm \nw-K-cmbn t\mn\n-evpp tI{-`-c-W-Iq-Sw. ]p km-nI ]cnjvI-c-W- Ak-aXzw Iqp-I-bm-Wp-m-bXv. Ccw
\b-]-cn-]m-Sn-I \S-m-m knhnkokv \n_n-X-am-bn.
`-c-W-t\-XrXzw Xs Adn-p-sIm-p Agn-aXn-I cmPy-ns apJw IqSp-X hnIr-X-am-n. ew
tImSn-I-fpsS Agn-a-Xn-t]mepw ap-a-e-bpsS Aw
tip(
of the icebery) FmWv hnti-jn-n--s--Xv. ncw
sXmgn-ep-I hym]-I-ambn CmXmp-Xpw ]pdw Icm
sXmgn-em-fn-Isf sImv ]Wn-sb-Sp-n-p-Xpw Cu
Ime-L--ns {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv. Hgn-hp-h-cp XkvXnI-I thK-n \nI--s-Sp-n-. dbnth-bn Hcpew XkvXn-I-I Av hj-ambn Hgnp InSp-p. s]mXp-ta-Je m]-\--fn sXmgn-e-h-k-c-
185
kmn
fn Hcp ]v Chn-Sps knhnko-kn\pw Ah-Imfpw bYm-Iq-enbpw ( real wage) hfsc Ipd-p.

i-s-Smw. kpXm-cyX Dd-p-h-cpn, ^b \op XptIm{SmIvSv \nb-a-\w, ]pdw ]Wn-tb-ev]n-, Icm
I Ipdv, P\-]-m-fn--tmsS AXn-\nbpw aptmv
sXmgn-ep-I Fn--s\-bmbn knhnko-kv timjnt]mtI--Xp-v. Imcy--a-amb knhn kokv kwXrp-h-cpp.
sXmgn-se-Sp-p 40 tImSn-bn 34-tIm-Snbpw h- ]vX-amb knhn ko-sk--Xn X-an-. tkh-\th-X\ hyh--I kwc-nv, ew-am am\-Z-n-p Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse nXn Zb-\o-b-a ]men-p-thWw AXns\ in-s-Sp-m. Pohs{X. AhnsS Inp Iqen `-W-n-\p-t]mepw aXn\-m-cpsS myq-dn s]j An-a-dn--s --Xv.
bm-Im nXn-bm-Wv. Akw-L-SnX hn`m-K- A[nAXns\ Xopw A\m-Ij-amn Fv ]d-bmsX
Ihpw ]Wn-sb-Sp-p-Xv sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kwcw-`-fnepw sNdp-InS hym]mc taJ-e-bn-ep-amWv AXp- h.
knhnko-kns `mhn `mkp-c-am-I-W-sa-n-
sImv sNdp-InS hym]m-c-ta-J-e-bnse hntZ-i-]-m-fnw
Bi-m-P-\-I-amWv. sXmgn-se-Sp-p kv{XoI-fpsS _Z\-b- A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. hmjnI ]Xn
hnlnXw samw B`y-c Dev]m-Z-\-ns 10% Bbn
nXnbpw `n-a-. Ah Htsd hnth-N\ pw
]oU-\-pw Cc-bm-Ip-p. P HmUn-nwKv (kv{Xo]- Dbt-n-bn-cn-pp. Imjn-I-ta-J-ebpw s]mXp-taJ-ebpw in-s-Sp-p-Ibpw DZm-c-h-c-W-\-b-
Zhn Ah-tem-I-\w) \S-]-Sn-I C\nbpw sshIn-q-S.
Dt]-n-p-Ibpw sNt--Xpv. tI{-kw-m\
knhn kokv taJ-e-bnepw kv{XoI-fpsS {]tXyI
km-nI _--fn s]mfn-s-gp-p-m-I-Ww.
{]iv\-v kXz-c-]-cn-lm-c-ap-m-I-Ww.
Bkq-{X-W-n-tebpw \n-l-W-n-tebpw Imcy-knhn kokv Pt\m-p-J-a F ]cmXn \neaX \n-m-b-L-SIw Xs. AXn-\p-thn Ime-l-c\n-evp-p-v. s]mXp-P-\--fpsS Aaj-n\pw AhW-s N- amntb Xocq.
bvpw AXv CS-bmp-p-v. IrXy-\n-jvT-bn-mbva,
""amp-hn N--sf, kzb-a-s-n
ssIqen, s]cp-am--Zqjyw, Ime-Xm-akw Fnh ]cnamp-a-Xp-Ifo \nsf Xm'' F Ihn-hmIyw
l-cn--s-tS {]iv\--fm-Wv. ssIq-env ASn-a-shfsc {]k-w.
Sp-Xv Hcp sNdnb hn`m-K-am-sW-nepw samw IfnX-am-m Aha-Xn.
(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-mw kwm\ kt-f-\-tmSv A\pCX-c-kw-m-\-sf At]-nv knhnko-_-np \S-nb Iem--k-ln-Xy-a--c-n Pohkns P\m-[n-]-Xy-h-cWw sa-s-n-cn-p-Xv tIc\-m-cpsS hn`m-K-n Hmw m\w t\Snb
f-n-em-Wv. hntI-{o-Im-kq-{XWw, hnZym-`ymkw, BtcmteJ\w)
Kyw IpS-nb taJ-e-I-fn tIcfw ssIh-cn t\--
186

2013
kmn
IhnX . ]n.-Fw.-tZ-h-cm-P
Du
nf
Hpw tNmZn-n
hkn-jvT-t\mSv, Zi-c-Y-t\m-Sv,
cma-t\m-Spw.
Dunf
hnem]w ]d-n
Iuk-ey-tbmSv, ssItI-bn-tbmSv
kpan-{X-tbmSpw.
Dunf
tZzjw sNmn-bn
am-hn-tbm-Sv, {ipX-IontbmSv,
koX-tbm-Spw.
hevew [cn-n-d-nb eva-Ws\
t\mpI am{Xw sNbvXp
Hscm--t\m-w.
187
kmn
188

2013
kmn
IY
]hn{X. sI
K-c-ns NqSn-\pw, Xnc-n\pw CS-bn

Xmm-en-I-ambn sIn-sm-nb Db
tPn \nv Hcp hyn- tLm-c-tLmcw
{]kw-Knv P\-{i--]n-Snp ]p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
PohnXns Hm-m-n-en-\n-S-bn Fmhcpw Ahn-tSv Hcp \nanjw I-b-p.
Imcyw Fs--dn-bm kPo-h Imdn
\npw ]pd-n-d-n. Fb Io-j-W-dp
Imdn-\p-n \npw Npp-s]m-p \K-cn-te-n-d-n-b-tm-gp hnnw AbmfpsS apJv hy-ambn {]Xn-^-en-p-pm-bn-cp-p. ]pXnb hr-k-Z-\-ns
DZvLm-S-\-amWv \S-p--Xv. Hcp {]hIs ssIbn \npw hmnb t\mokn \npw Ah Gsd-psd {Kln-s-Spp. Hcp kmaqly {]h-I-\mWv kwkmcn-p--Xv. AhnsS-bp B hn ]pcpjm-c-n `qcn-`mKhpw hr-am-Xm-]n-Xm-tfbpw sIms-nb a-fm-sWv Iv
Ah `b-p. \K-c-n ]pXp-Xmbn
\nn--s \mem-as hr-k-Z-\-am-WnXv. a\p-jy-\n{X ITn\ lrZ-b-\mtWm Fh in-p. amf-n-tev hen-bp ]mns\-tmse Ah Imdn-tev \qp-I-b-dn.
Abm A-sb-n Nnnp.
honse tKv Xpdp Xcp--Xn-\n-S-bn
189
kmn
skIyq-cnn tNmZn-p.
""Fm km tev BbXv?''
""SuWn-sems t{]m{Kmw, Hcp hr-k-Z-\ns DZvLm-S\w. Ipd-p-t\cw AhnsS \np.''
skIyq-cnn Hp Nncn-p. B Nncn-bn Hcp ]cnlmkw Hfnp InS-p--Xmbn Abmv tXmn.
""an hnt kqcPv? kPo-h tNmZn-p.''
""C. ] an tev BIp-sap ]dv hnfn-ncp-p. Hmô-kn \npw eXm-n-bpsS IqsS ntev t]mIpw Fpw ]d-p.''
Sn.-hn-bn \npw Is-Sp-msX bm{n-I-ambn
Ah ]d-p.
""A--sb-hnsS?''
""In-Wn-ep-v.''
_mvSnse NqSp-sh--n Hcp Impfn
Ipfnv {Up-am-dn. tImWn--Sn-I in-bmbn Nhnn
Xmtg-bvn-dn tkm^-bn-tev Nmp. Fbo-j-W-dn \np XWp--hmbp Ahs a\kns\ XWp-n-p. samss_-se-Spv ]cn-tim-[n-tm `mcy-bpsS ankvUvtIm s]mSp-s\ Abm
samss_ev tkm^-bn-tev henv Fdn-p. "`mcy
shdpw Hc-e-m-c-n\v am{X-samcp `mcy' Abmv
kzbw ]pw tXmn.
""\o htm tamt\, A Nmb-bnp sImp-hcmw.'' ASpf hmXn-en \npw Fn-t\mn A
]d-p. Xm A\p-`-hn-p AXp-ey-amb Cu
190
kvt\l-n-t\-m hep-Xmbn asmpw Cu temIn-en-sv Ah a\-kn-emn. Cu kaq-l-n

\npw \-jvS-s-p-sIm-n-cn-p \-bp-sSbpw
kvt\l-n-sbpw hm {]hm-l-amWv B A
Fh\v tXmn.
B \ni-_vZX `RvPn-psImv Hcp Im B
hop-ap-v hp-\n-p. tImfnwMv s_ i_vZn-p.
kqc-PmWv hmXn Xpd--Xv. ""], an hp.''
aSp-p-f-hm-Ip kzc-n Ah ]d-p.
Ah\v shdp-sam-c-Xn-Yn-bm-bn-cpp A. A ]etmgpw \Im kvt\l-hpw, hmeyhpw Ah-\\p-`-hn-p-Xv A--bn \np-am-bn-cp-p.
""\o n t]mbnt?'' kPo-h tNmZnp.
""C. sNdn-sbmcp slUv Gv.''
""\ns Imsd-hnsS?'' ""Cs\ Izkvy
tNmZnv F\nv Un_kp-m--t. Imdv hgnbn tISm-bn. ]ns eX-bpsS lkvs_Uns
IqsS Cp t]mp.''
IqSp-X-sempw Ah tNmZn-n-. ""`Ww
Igntm tamtf?'' A tNmZn-p. ""Ignp'' tImWn-Sn-I Ib-dpXn\n-S-bn apJw XcmsX Ae-k-ambn
Ah ]d-p.
Ahv ]t A-tbmSv shdp-mbn cpp.
F Imcyw Ah ZpxJ-tmsS Hmp. Abvv
mkv Fm-sW--dn-bn-t{X. Asb {^ vkn\p
apn ImWn-m Ahv aSn-bm-Wv. A-bpsS

2013
kmn
Imcyw ]dv Ah Ftmgpw hg-nSm-dpv.

Ahsf Xpd a\-tkmsS B A kvt\ln-p-pm-bn-cp-p. Fm B[p-\nIXbp-sSbpw ]cn-jvImc-n-sbpw \ne-bn-m Ib-fn \ocm-Sp B
kv{Xov kpXm-cy-amb B kvt\lw Xncn--dn-bm
Ign-n-. ap kvt\l- Im]-Sy-am-sWv
Ah Xncn--dn--Xp-an-.
Av Xom-\p Xnc-n tPmen-I
Ignnn-m--Xn-\m t\cw Hcp-]mSv sshIn-bnpw
kPo-h Dd-n-bn-n-m-bn-cp-p. ]pdv \nd \nemhn-tev Abm t\mn.
""\n-p-d-m-dm-bn-nt?'' AXv `mcy-bm-bn-cpp.
""\osbm Dd-ms..? tam\p-d-ntbm?''
""Ah-\p-d-n. F\nv \n-tfmSv Ipdp Imcy kwkm-cn-m-\pv.'' ""Fm-Wmthm?''sXsmcp
]cn-lm-k-tmsS Abm tNmZn-p.
""\ap-sb Ipd-p-Imew Ftm-s-nepw
amn \nn-bmtem?''
""A-bvnhnsS Fm {]iv\w? As-n
Xs Ftmv amp Imcyam \o ]d-bpt?''
""SuWn ]pXn-sbmcp hr-k-Z\w XpS-n-bn-pv. A Ipdv AhnsS \n-s. Abvpw Hcp
tNv Bh-iy-am-Wtm.'' s]sv kPo-h-s\mcp
Dn-Sn-e-ap-m-bn.
""Fm \o ]dt? F-sb Rm ChnsS
\npw.''
""F\n-bv-hsc t\mm h.''

""\osb-tmgm Asb t\mn-bXv? A
\ns-bt t\mp-t. C\n ann-tm-I-cp-Xv.''
Hcp Xpdnp t\m-hp-ambn Ah \S-p-t]m-bn.
Ie-nb a\-kp-ambn kPo-h InS-p. As acW-tijw B Ipd-h-dn-bn-msX A tNmc \ocmn
A[zm-\n--Xns -^-e-am-bmWv Xm Cn-hnsS Fnb-Xv. cm{Xn-bpsS GtXm bma-n Ddw Ahs\
A\p-{K-ln-p.
]nt-s \\p--{]-`mXw. D-d-sn
{]`mXs Xs Rc-p-I--fn-te-bvm-hm-ln-p.
""At Rm \S-m-\n-dp-I-bm.'' Ah
hnfnp ]d-p. ]Xn-hp- adp]Sn tIn-. Ah AItv Ibdn-t\m-n.
""At....'' Ah hopw hnfn-p. adp-]-Sn-bn.
Ah sXsm-cm--i--tbmsS hoSp apgp-h Asb
Xnc-p.
Atm-tgbvpw Ah-s\m-cn-epw Is-m
Ign-bm A\--am-sbmcp temI-tv Ah bm{Xbm-bn-cp-p.
(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-mw kwm\ kt-f-\-tmSv
A\p--_-np
\S-nb Iem--k-ln-Xy-a--c-n kvIq hn`m-Kn Hmw m\w t\Snb IY)
191

KGOA Souvenir 2013 Part 3 Pages 121-192

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tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

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tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

ARTICLE: M.P. AJITH KUMAR

increasing, the public transport system cannot reach

Stage carriages: 14000

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

second hand two wheeler will now cost wages equal to

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

* Up gradation of Bus stands in international standard

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

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tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

F hn- N{sshkv- {]kn-U v-

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tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tUm.- Fkv- B- tam-l\N{

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tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tUm.- Fw- B- ss_Pp

tUm.- _n- F- jm-Pn

hn- Fkv- ao-cm-kp-aw

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tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

Poem . Prof. Dr. K. V. Dominic

Chilly freezing Line of Control

Two Indian soldiers shot dead

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

p-Xv Poh-\-m-cpsS s]jXpI Xn-sb-Sp-m

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI

tIc-f K-kUv Hm-^o-tk-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j kva-cWnI 2013