13-th International Mathematical Olympiad

Bratislava Zilina, Czechoslovakia, July 1021, 1971

First Day July 13 1. Prove that the following statement is true for n = 3 and for n = 5, and false for all other n > 2: For any real numbers a1 , a2 , . . . , an , (a1 a2 )(a1 a3 ) (a1 an ) + (a2 a1 )(a2 a3 ) (a2 an ) + . . . (Hungary) +(an a1 )(an a2 ) (an an1 ) 0. 2. Given a convex polyhedron P1 with 9 vertices A1 , . . . , A9 , let us denote by P2 , P3 , . . . , P9 the images of P1 under the translations mapping the vertex A1 to A2 , A3 , . . . , A9 , respectively. Prove that among the polyhedra (Soviet Union) P1 , . . . , P9 at least two have a common interior point. 3. Prove that the sequence 2n 3 (n > 1) contains a subsequence of numbers (Poland) relatively prime in pairs. Second Day July 14 4. Given a tetrahedron ABCD all of whose faces are acute-angled triangles, set = DAB + BCD ABC CDA. Consider all closed broken lines XY ZT X whose vertices X, Y, Z, T lie in the interior of segments AB, BC, CD, DA respectively. Prove that: (a) if = 0, then there is no broken line XY ZT of minimal length; (b) if = 0, then there are innitely many such broken lines of minimal length. That length equals 2AC sin(/2), where = BAC + CAD + DAB. (Netherlands)

5. Prove that for every natural number m 1 there exists a nite set Sm of points in the plane satisfying the following condition: If A is any point in Sm , then there are exactly m points in Sm whose distance to A equals 1. (Bulgaria) 6. Consider the n n array of nonnegative integers a11 a12 . . . a1n a21 a22 a2n , . . . . . . . . . an1 an2 . . . ann with the following property: If an element aij is zero, then the sum of the elements of the ith row and the j th column is greater than or equal to n. 1 Prove that the sum of all the elements is greater than or equal to n2 . 2 (Sweden)

The IMO Compendium Group, D. Djuki c, V. Jankovi c, I. Mati c, N. Petrovi c www.imo.org.yu