1: Pg. 65- The corn plant has colonized how much of the American continent?

120,000 square miles 2: Pg. 66-67- How have Americas food animals undergone a revolution in lifestyle? The population left the country side and entered into the city life, after World War 2. Animals left widely spread farms to live in densely populated new animal cities. 3: Pg. 67- What is a CAFO? Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 4: Pg. 67- What happened to the all of the farmland once the animals left? Where did all of the corn go? They were being used to grow corn. Then the corn went to paddocks, pastures and barnyards 5: Pg. 68- What is the idea of a closed ecological loop? Waste ceases to exist 6: Pg. 68- What are the two main problems with animal feedlots? A fertility problem in animal feedlots and another problem is the pollution on the feedlot. 7. Pg 70- What is the co-evolutionary relationship between cows and grass? Explain. The cow maintains the grass by preventing trees and shrubs from socking up all of the sunlight. in return, the grass supplies food for the cow. 8. Pg. 71- Why would pastures become the great American desert without ruminant animals? Without cattle the pastures will not be able to grow. 9. Pg. 71- What gets a steer from 80 to 1,000 pounds in just 14 months? Huge amounts of corn, protein and steroids. 10. Pg. 71- Why is weaning the calves the most traumatic time on the ranch? Causes claves to mope and bellow for days. 11. Pg. 73- What is the only reason contemporary animal cities arent as plague-ridden or pestilential as their medieval human counterparts? The only reason contemporary animal cities aren't plague-ridden or pestilential as their medieval human counterparts are because of the modern antibiotic. 12. Pg. 73- So if the modern CAFO is a city built upon commodity corn, it is a city afloat on an invisible sea of petroleum 13. Pg. 75- Why is corn fed meat less healthy for us? More saturated fat and less omega-3 fatty acids than regular meat.

14. Pg. 75- What practice of feeding cows led to the Mad Cow Disease? By feeding cow parts back to cows. 15. Pg. 77- How are we choosing which cows we want to select to breed? Based on eating large quantities of corn and effectively converting it into protein without getting ill. 16. Pg. 77- What is the #1 ailment found with cows fed on corn? Why- explain. Bloat is the number one aliment found in cows. Since it produces copious amounts of gas and is expelled by belching during rumination. The rumen inflates and presses against the animal lungs. 17. Pg. 78- What is acidosis and what does it cause in the cow? Acidosis is when the stomach of the animal is too acidic, causing the animal to get very sick and sometimes even leading them to their death. 18. Pg. 78- What percentage of cows at slaughterhouses are found to have abscessed livers? 15-30% 19. Pg. 78- What is the leading causes of the evolution of antibiotic resistant superbugs? Antibiotics that are being sold here in the United States end up in the animal feed. 20. Pg. 79- What chemicals are found in the manure lagoon on CAFOs? Heavy metals, hormone residue, persistent chemicals, nitrogen and phosphorus. 21. Pg. 80- How many pounds of corn does it take to make 4 pounds of beef? What is the ratio for chicken? 32 pounds of corn for 4 pounds of beefs, only takes 2 pounds of corn for chicken. 2:1 22. Pg. 82- How has the new strain of E. Coli (O157: H7) evolved and what is the problem with it? How can this problem be fixed? E. coli thrives in the feedlot cattle, 40 percent of which they carry in their gut. It may produce a toxic that can destroy human kidneys. 23. Pg. 82- How is the costs associated with the CAFOs externalized? Explain. They are externalized based on environmental costs. There are things that are not added in the cost of buying corn. These costs include spraying fertilizer, pesticides, and using water to grow the corn. If these externalized costs are included, corn would be a lot more expensive. 24. Pg. 83- Discuss the path of corn backward from the corn fields and discuss the implications. First starting at the fields of corn, follow the nitrogen into a runoff of a fertilizer down the Gulf of Mexico. Then follow the fertilizer which is essential to grow the corn. 25. Pg. 83- How much of Americas petroleum usage goes to producing and transporting our food?

1/5 of American's petroleum goes to producing and transporting food. 26. Pg. 84- If a cow reaches his full weight- how much oil will he have consumed in lifetime? 35 gallons of oil. 27. 27. Pg. 84: You are what you eat is a truism hard to argue with, and yet it is, as a visit to a feedlot suggests, incomplete, for you are what you eat eats, too. And what we are, or have become, is not just meat but number 2 corn and oil- Discuss.