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El and la are called definite articles and are the equivalent of the in English. El is used with masculine nouns; la is used with feminine nouns. Youve already seen words with definite articles: el libro la carpeta the book the folder
Un and una are called indefinite articles and are the equivalent of a and an in English. Un is used with masculine nouns; una is used with feminine nouns: un libro una carpeta a book a folder
el la
the the
un una
a, an a, an