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CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO
DESCRIPTION
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ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
WORKING OPERATION
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PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
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1. ABSTRACT:
Now the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a
suitable hydraulic unit has been designed. Such that the vehicles can be stand the
floor land without application of any impact force. By pressing the button in the
dashboard, the solenoid valve activates the hydraulic jack automatically. The
fabrication part of it has been considered with almost case for its simplicity and
economy, such that this can be accommodated as one of the essential tools on
automobile garages.
2. INTRODUCTION
This device the two wheeler Pneumatic stand for standing the
vehicle garages has been developed to later the needs of two wheeler automobile
garages. In most of the garages the vehicles are standing by using spring with liver
stand. This needs high man power requirement and impact forces.
In order to avoid all such disadvantages, this two wheeler pneumatic stand
has been designed in such a way that it can be used to stand the vehicle very
smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made be simple that even
any person can handled, by just pressing the button.
3. WORKING OPERATION
The dash pad switch was activated at the time of any breakdown
condition. The control signal is given to the solenoid valve, when the button is
activated. The oil is goes from the compressor to the solenoid valve through flow
control valve.
The solenoid valve is activated at the time of dash pad button ON.
The compressed fluid (air) goes to the hydraulic cylinder. The compressed air
pusses the pneumatic cylinder piston and move forward. The RAM is fixed at the
end of the single acting pneumatic cylinder. The piston moves towards the ground
and the ram is standing the vehicle. The solenoid valve is deactivated at the time
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of dash pad button OFF. The pneumatic cylinder fluid (air) goes to the
atmosphere through solenoid valve.
4. TYPES SIDE
STAND
A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side, usually the
non-drive side, and the bike then leans against it. Side stands can be mounted to the chain
stays right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. Side
stands mounted right behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the
chain stays, or to the bracket between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the
frame.
Center stand
A center stand kickstand is a pair of legs or a bracket that flips straight down and lifts the
rear wheel off the ground when in use. Center stands can be mounted to the chain stays
right behind the bottom bracket or to the rear dropouts. Many motorcycles feature center
stands in addition to side stands. The center stand is advantageous because it takes most
of the motorcycle's weight off its tires for long-term parking, and it allows the user to
perform maintenance such as chain adjustments without the need for an external stand.
Center stands are found on most "standard" and "touring" motorcycles, but are omitted on
most high-performance sportbikes to save weight and increase ground clearance.
Flick stand
While not strictly a kickstand, a flick stand is a small bracket that flips down from the
down tube and engages the front tire to prevent the front end from steering and thus
enabling the bike to be safely leaned against an object without danger of the front end
turning and the bike subsequently falling to the ground.
Construction
Materials
Kickstands can be made of steel or cast aluminum.
There may be a rubber cap on the end.
Locking mechanism
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A spring that is stretched when the kickstand is partway deployed and less
stretched when it is stowed or all the way deployed.
5.Pneumatic Systems
1 Pneumatic systems
A pneumatic system is a system that uses compressed air to transmit and control
energy. Pneumatic systems are used in controlling train doors, automatic production
lines, mechanical clamps, etc (Fig. 1).
(v) Safety
Pneumatic systems are safer than electromotive systems because they can work in
inflammable environment without causing fire or explosion. Apart from that,
overloading in pneumatic system will only lead to sliding or cessation of operation.
Unlike electromotive components, pneumatic components do not burn or get
overheated when overloaded.
(viii) Economical
As pneumatic components are not expensive, the costs of pneumatic systems are quite
low. Moreover, as pneumatic systems are very durable, the cost of repair is
significantly lower than that of other systems.
(v) Noise
Noise will be produced when compressed air is released from the pneumatic
components.
pneumatic diagram describes the relations between each pneumatic component, that
is, the design of the system.
(a) Compressor
A compressor can compress air to the required pressures. It can convert the
mechanical energy from motors and engines into the potential energy in compressed air
(Fig. 2). A single central compressor can supply various pneumatic components with
compressed air, which is transported through pipes from the cylinder to the pneumatic
components. Compressors can be divided into two classes: reciprocatory and rotary.
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Filter can remove impurities from compressed air before it is fed to the
pneumatic components.
(ii)
(iii)
Fig. 3
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five positions can be represented by the drawing in Fig. 8, as well as its own unique
pneumatic symbol.
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(c) Pneumatic
A pneumatic circuit diagram represents the circuit in static form and assumes
there is no supply of pressure. The placement of the pneumatic components on
the circuit also follows this assumption.
2.
Arrows "" are used to indicate the flow direction of air current. If the external
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port is not connected to the internal parts, the symbol is used. The symbol
underneath the square represents the air input, while the symbol
represents the exhaust. Fig. 17 shows an example of a typical pneumatic valve.
4.
(a) Standard
(b) Lever
(c) Button
push
Fig. 19 Manually operated pneumatic components
5.
Pneumatic operation signal pressure lines should be drawn on one side of the
squares, while triangles are used to represent the direction of air flow (Fig. 20).
Fig. 20 Pneumatic operation signal pressure line
2. From the position of the spring, one can deduce that the block is operating. The
other block will not operate until the switch is pushed.
3. Air pressure exists along this line because it is connected to the source of
compressed air.
4. As this cylinder cavity and piston rod are under the influence of pressure, the
piston rod is in its restored position.
5. The rear cylinder cavity and this line are connected to the exhaust, where air is
released.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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control the time of pneumatic operation. Delay functions can be divided into two
classes: ON-signal delay and OFF-signal delay.
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restored to its original position, the release of air is slowed down by the one way flow
control valve, resulting in a persistent OFF-signal.
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(ii) OR Function
The single acting cylinder in Fig. 29 can be operated by two different circuits.
Examples include manual operation and relying on automatic circuit signals, that is,
when either control valve or control valve is operated, the cylinder will work.
Therefore, the circuit in Fig. 29 possesses the OR function. However, if the output of
two 3/2 directional control valves are connected through the port of a triode, the air
current from control valve will be released through the exhaust of control valve ,
and so the cylinder will not work. This problem can be solved by connecting a
shuttle valve to the port of the triode.
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system
Fig. 34
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(a) Compressor
Fig. 36
(a) Compressor
Fig. 37 (a) Pressure regulating component (b) Cross section of pressure regulating
component
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2.
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(c) Pneumatic
(c) Pneumatic
Shuttle valve
A
P1
Other component
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P2
(c) Pneumatic
Exercise
1. List six advantages of using pneumatic systems.
2. State the limitations of using pneumatic systems.
3. What are the components that regulate the pressure?
4. State the difference(s) between a single acting cylinder and a double acting cylinder.
5. State the functions and classification of directional control valves.
6. What are the basic functions of a pneumatic control system?
7. Draw the following symbols of the pneumatic components:
Type
Symbol
Type
(a) Compressor
(b) Cylinder
(c) Filter
Symbol
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7. Advantages:
1.
2.
8. Applications
It is very much useful for vehicle Owners & Auto-garages. This automatic
hydraulic stand is used for standing the vehicles.
Thus it can be useful for the all types of two wheelers.
10. Conclusion:
The project has come out as a grand success.
We learn more and more in our project.
It is different experience to our self we well
Successfully finish the project.
We well to step by step testing in that the
Result all so very well.
This project is useful for all the peoples.
11. REFERENCES
E.sundaramoorthy, (2006) Design of Machine Elements,
Balachitra publishers, Madurai
R.S.Khurmi, J.k.Gupta, A Text book of Machine Design,
Eurasia publishing house(pvt.)ltd.,New Delhi
Dr.R.K.Bansal, A Text book of Strength of Materials,
Laxmi publications (P)LTD.
Design Data, data book for engineers, compiled by PSG College of
Technology, Published by Kalaikathir Achchagam, Coimbatore.
Bible , Ellen Finkelstein, Autocad 2007 and Autocad LT 2007
David Frey, Autocad 2007 and Autocad LT 2007
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