Author as part of sentence: Yukl (2006) argues that the main ingredients of effective ethical leadership are to walk

the talk and create an environment of collaboration minimizing politics and secrecy.

Author in parentheses: The main ingredients of effective ethical leadership are to walk the talk and create an environment of collaboration minimizing politics and secrecy (Yukl, 2006).

Two authors as part of sentence: Indirect negative relationships are characterized by, what Bass and Steidlmeier (1999) named, pseudo-transformational leadership, a form of unethical leadership.

Two authors in parentheses:

Indirect negative relationships are characterized by pseudotransformational leadership, a form of unethical leadership (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999).

Three authors as part of sentence: We can conclude from Meindl. Ehrlich, and Dukerich (1985) that in order to grasp possible links between unethical leadership and increased performance, it is useful to look at the romance of leadership debate

Three authors in parentheses:

In order to grasp possible links between unethical leadership and increased performance, it is useful to look at the romance of leadership debate (Meindl, Ehrlich, & Dukerich, 1985).

Three authors as part of sentence subsequent use: As Meindl et al. (1985) said, perception of leadership may be influenced by past performance.

Three authors in parentheses subsequent use: Perception of leadership may be influenced by past performance (Meindl et al., 1985).

Conger, J.A. (1998). Qualitative research as the cornerstone methodology for understanding leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 9, 107-121. Bass, B.M. & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181217. Meindl, J.R., Ehrlich, S.B., & Dukerich, J.M. (1985). The romance of leadership. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30(1), 78-102. Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in Organizations, 6th ed. New Jersey: Pearson. Craig, J. (2006, June 17). The cons of being a pro. Guardian. Retrieved June 26, 2006, from http://money.guardian.co.uk/print/0,,329506605117763,00.html.