Terminology

Number and Place Value

Place Value:
The value of where the digit is the number, such as ones, tens, hundreds, etc Example: In 352, the place value of the 5 is tens In 17.591, the place value of the 9 is hundredths

Value/Meaning/Worth:
The amount the digit is worth. Example: In 352, the value of the 5 is fifty in digit form 50 In 17.591, the value of the 9 is 9 hundredths in digit form 0.09 or

Factors:
Any whole number that can be exactly divided into another number. Example: Factors of 8 are 1;8;2 and 4

Product:
This is the answer to a multiplication sum. Example: The product of 6 and 7 is 42

Commutative Property:
Two numbers can be multiplied in any order and the product(answer) will be the same. Example: 4 x 5 = 5 x 4

Zero Property of Multiplication:

The product of any number and zero is zero. Example: 6 x 0 = 0

Identity Property of Multiplication:

The product of any number and one is that number. Example: 7 x 1 = 7

Associative Property of Multiplication

You can change the grouping of the factors. Example: (2 x 3) x 4 = 2 x (3 x 4) 6 x 4 = 2 x 12 24 = 24

Array
An array is a set of objects organised in columns and rows.

Example:

2 x 5 array

Prime Number
A prime number is a counting number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. Example: 5 = 1 x 5 19 = 1 x 19

Composite Number
A composite number is a whole number with more than two factors. Example: 16 = 1 x 16 =4x4 =2x8

Square Number
A square number is the answer to a multiplication sum where you times a number by itself. Example: 16 is a square number because 4 x 4 = 16 36 is a square number because 6 x 6 = 36 Improper Fraction An improper fraction is when the numerator is greater than the denominator. Example:

Proper Fraction A proper fraction is when the numerator is less than the denominator. Example: Mixed Fraction/Mixed Number A mixed number has both a whole number and a fraction. Example: 3

Geometry
Line Segment:
A part of a line. It has two endpoints. This is line segment XY

Example: X Ray:
A part of a line. It has one endpoint and goes on and on in one direction. This is ray AB

Example: A B
3

Parallel Lines: lines that are always the same distance

apart and will never meet.

Perpendicular Lines: lines that meet or intersect at right angles.

Angle:
The amount of turning between two arms about a vertex.

Example:

Right Angle:
A right angle is an angle that measures exactly 90

An Acute Angle:
An acute angle is greater than 0 but smaller than 90

An Obtuse Angle:
An Obtuse angle is greater than 90 but smaller than 180

A Straight Angle:
A Straight angle measures exactly 180

A Reflex Angle:
A reflex angle is greater than 180 but less than 360

Types of Triangles:
Triangles Sorted according to their sides:

Isosceles Triangle

Equilateral Triangle

Scalene Triangle
No equal sides No equal angles

2 equal sides 3 equal sides 2 equal angles 3 equal angles Triangles sorted according to their angles:

Acute Angled
All 3 angles are Acute angles

Right Angled Triangle

Has 1 right angle and 2 acute angles

Obtuse Angled
Has 1 obtuse angle 2 acute angles

Angles of a Triangle:
The sum of the interior angles of any triangle is 180

Example:

35 + 70 + 75 = 180

Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is a polygon that has four sides. The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360

Names of quadrilaterals Square

All four sides equal in length Has 4 right angles 4 lines of symmetry Diagonals bisect each other Right angles formed where diagonals intersect 2 pairs of parallel lines

Rectangle -

Opposite sides are equal Has four right angles Two lines of symmetry 2 pairs of parallel lines

Parallelogram - Opposite sides are equal - Has 2 obtuse angles and 2 acute angles - No lines of symmetry - 2 pairs of parallel lines

Rhombus

All four sides are equal Has 2 obtuse and 2 acute angles 2 lines of symmetry 2 pairs of parallel lines

Trapezium
1 pair of parallel lines

Kite

- no parallel lines
-

adjacent sides equal opposite angles equal 1 line of symmetry intersection of diagonals form right angles

Three-dimensional figure. A three-dimensional figure is a geometric figure that occupies space and has volume. Also called a solid. Prisms A prism is a 3D shape with two parallel bases that are polygons of the same size and shape. These shapes are connected by rectangles.

Pyramids A pyramid is a space figure that has any polygon for a base and triangles for all other faces.

Circumference Circumference is the distance around a circle. Perimeter Perimeter is the distance around a shape or figure. Perimeter of a Rectangle = 2L + 2 W = 2 x length + 2 x width = 2 x 5 cm + 2 x 2 cm = 10 cm + 4 cm = 14 cm 5 cm 2 cm 8

Area The surface covered by any 2D shape. Area is expressed in square units. Area can be measured in mm, cm, m and km 2 cm 3 cm Area = Length x breadth = 3 cm x 2 cm = 6 cm

3D Shapes
Three-dimensional figure
A three-dimensional figure is a solid that occupies space and has volume. Face A face can be any polygon used in forming a solid. Edge An edge is a line segment formed where two faces meet. Vertex (plural Vertices) A vertex is a point at which two or more sides of a solid meet. edge

face

vertex 9

Nets A flat shape can be folded to make a 3D shape.

Types of Graphs
Bar Graph

Line Graph

Pie Chart

Survey: a collection of questions designed to gather data. Data information 10

Mean = Average : calculate average To calculate Probability:

sum of results Number of tests

Number of favourable outcomes Number of possible outcomes

Probability: describes how likely it is that an event will happen Descending Order: arranging numbers from largest to smallest . Ascending Order: arranging numbers from smallest to largest . Equivalent Fractions: fractions that have the same value.
Example: =

Reflection: is a flip, a mirror image

Example:

Rotation: is a turn, when an object turns around a point.

Translation: is a slide, when an object moves from one place to another. Lines of Symmetry: lines that divide a symmetrical
shape into congruent halves.

Congruent: shapes that have the same size and shape 11

Tessellations: a tessellation is made by reflecting, rotating and or

translating different shapes to form a pattern.

Axis of Symmetry An imaginary line that divides a shape exactly in half.

Compass Points The cardinal points are north, south, east and west.

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