CAC VAN E CAN TM

HIEU
OTAM QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC NGHIEN
CU CHONG AN MON KIM LOAI
OAN MON KIM LOAI VA PHAN LOAI AN
MON KIM LOAI
OPNG PHP BO V & NG DNG
CA TNG PHNG PHP
TAM QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC NGHIEN
CU VE CHONG AN MON KIM LOAI
Ngay nay vat lieu kim loai chiem v tr quan
trong nhat trong nen kinh te quoc dan, do co
hoat tnh cao chung b moi trng tac ong
lam pha huy dan t ngoai vao trong.
cac nc cong nghiep phat trien, ngi
ta c tnh thiet hai do an mon chiem khoang
3% tong san pham quoc dan, thiet hai se
ln hn neu tnh ca cho chi ph bao dng,
thay the vat lieu va hau qua cua an mon
lam o nhiem moi trng va mat can bang
sinh thai.
Viet Nam, do co kh hau nong am, ty le
s dung vat lieu kim loai con cao. V vay
thiet hai do an mon con co the ln hn.
Nc bien co cha muoi hoa tan (nc
man) nen dan ien tot, bi vay cac
cong trnh bien b an mon manh do cac
dong ien hoa tang cng, khong ch
be mat kim loai tiep xuc vi nc bien
ma ca trong cot be tong
An mon bien con ac trng bang cac
lp sinh vat bam nh: hau, ha, rong,
reuV bien ngay cang c khai thac
nhieu hn, cac cong trnh bien nh: cang,
dan khoan dau, khSo lng tau
thuyenngay cang nhieu nen an mon
bien thiet hai rat ln.
Cac cong nghe e phong, chong va
giam tac hai cua an mon bien chu yeu
la tao cac lp vat lieu bao ve ben, cac
lp bao ve ac hieu, cac phng phap
dien hoa vi ien cc hi sinh.v.v.
S phn b thit hi theo tc dng n mn
34%
28%
11%
4%
6%
5%
12%
n mn u n mn di p sut n mn khc n mn tinh gii
n mn mi mn n mn cc b n mn mi
BIEU O VE S PHAN BO THIET HAI
n Mn Kim Loi L G?
n mn kim loi l: s pha huy kim loai
hoac hp kim do tac dung hoa hoc
cua moi trng xung quanh (theo ngha
rng l s ph hy vt liu), trong o
nguyen t kim loai b oxy hoa thanh
ion dng kim loai.
M - ne M
n+

n mn kim loi
Theo
c ch n mn
Theo
mi trng n mn
Theo
phm vi n mn
n
mn
in
ha
n
mn
ha
hc
n
mn
khng
kh

n
mn
t


n
mn
nc
bin

n
mn
Cc
b

n
mn
ton
b


BNG PHN LOI N MN KIM LOI
O nh ngha: S ph hy kim loi do kim loi phn
ng ha hc vi cht kh hoc hi nc nhit
cao.
O Qu trnh n mn l kt qu ca phn ng d th
V d: Fe b n mn bi khng kh
3Fe + 2CO
2
= Fe
3
O
4
+ 2C
3Fe + 4H
2
O = Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2
^
AN MON HOA HOC
Onh ngha: An mon ien hoa la s
pha huy kim loai do kim loai tiep xuc
vi dung dch chat ien ly tao nen
dong ien.
OC che an mon ien hoa
Gom ba qua trnh c
ban la:
Qua trnh Anod
Qua trnh Catod
Qua trnh dan
ien
n Mn in Ha
Qua Trnh Anod
Qua trnh Anod: la qua trnh oxy hoa
ien hoa trong o kim loai chuyen vao
dung dch di dang ion va giai phong
ien t:
M M
n+
+ ne
ac biet khi trong dung dch co nhng
ion kim loai co ien the cc dng hn
kim loai b an mon th qua trnh xay ra:
M M
n+
+ ne
M
n+
M
n+
+ ne

Qua trnh Catod: la qua trnh kh ien
hoa, trong o cac chat oxy hoa nhan
ien t do kim loai b an mon giai
phong ra.
Ox + ne Red
Neu Ox la H
+
th qua trnh catod xay ra:
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
Neu Ox la O
2
th qua trnh catod xay ra:
* Vi moi trng acid:
O
2
+ 4H
+
+ 4e 2H
2
O

* Vi moi trng trung tnh hoac baz:
O
2
+ 2H
2
O + 4e 2OH
-
Qua Trnh Catod
Qua Trnh Dan
ien
Cac dien t do kim loai b an
mon giai phong ra se di
chuyen t ni co phan ng
Anod ti ni co phan ng
Catod, con cac ion dch
chuyen trong dung dch.
Hai ien cc cung chat
Kim loi khng b an mn

Th nghim 1:
ieu kien an mon ien
hoa:
Th nghim 2:
Khi khong co
day dan
Khi hai kim loai tiep
xuc nhau
Khng xy ra
qu trinh n mn
xy ra qu
trinh n mn
Th Nghim 3:
* Thay dung dch in ly bng dung dch khong
in ly
Dung dch
khong din
ly.
Khng xy ra
qu trinh n mn
Th nghim 4: (m t)
xy
ra qu
trinh n
mn
+ Cac ien cc phai khac nhau.
+ Cac ien cc phai tiep xuc vi
nhau.
+ Cac ien cc phai cung tiep
xuc vi mot dung dch chat ien
ly.

Nguyn Tc:
Lm th no gim ti a dng n mn kim loi
khi kim loi tip xc vi mi trng.
Cc phng php:
Chn v ch to vt liu chng n mn cao
To lp ph b mt bng kim loi hoc phi kim
X l mi trng
Bo v in ha
Cc phng php chng n
mn ha hc
Sn xut cc hp kim bn vi nhit,
chng g.
Ph lp bo v chng n mn nh sn,
m Crom, m Nhm, m Niken
Dng cht c ch n mn.
To mi trng kh tr xung quanh
bo v kim loi nh N
2
, Argon, Heli
Nhng kim loi c tnh th ng hoc hp
kim cha Cr nh: Cr, Thp cha Ti-Al
Nhng kim loi c kh nng to sn phm
chng n mn khi tip xc vi mi trng
nh: Cu, Zn, Pb, Al
Trong qu trnh SX c th thm ph gia
to san phm chng n mn tt nh: Al-Cu,
Cu-Zn
+ Mc ch: tng v p cho vt liu v chng n
mn
+ Lp ph anod (protct): c tc dng ngn cn s
tip xc ca kim loi cn bo v vi mi trng,
c ch l dng kim loi c th thp hp lm vt hi
sinh.
+ Lp ph catod: ch c th chng n mn kim loi
khi lp ph kn. Khi kim loi ph c th dng
hn
+ Ngoi ra cn c lp ph hu c nh: sn, du,
nht
C ch:
- Thm vo mi trng cht ha hc vi mt
lng nh c th km hm cc qu trnh
phn cc.
Phn loi:
- cht c ch catot: gim tc qu trnh canot.
- Cht c ch anot, catot: gim c 2 qu trnh.
- Cht c ch anot: gim tc qu trnh anot.
* Bo v Catod:
Bo v Catod bng in cc hi sinh:kim loi bo v c
th thp hn v b n mn, h hi dn bo v kim
loi cn bo v.
VD: bo v v tu bng ng, ngi ta ph mt
lp km bn ngoi.
Bo v catod bng dng in ngoi: gim ha th
ko theo gim dong n mn, KL cn bo v c ni
vi cc m, KL bo v ni vi cc dng.
VD: bo v ng ng dn du trong lng t. Ni
ng ng ny vi cc m ca ngun 1 chiu, cc
dng c ni vi thp ph liu.




*Bo v anod:
- Phn cc anod to mt lp th ng lm dng
n mn gim mt cch ng k. Khi th ca
kim loi s chuyn dch t th m sang th dng.

ng Dng Chng n Mn
Kim Loi
c ng dng trong cng ngh m in ln b mc
kim loi nh: M km, m ng, m vng, nikenva
chng an mn kim loi va lm p b mc vt liu
c m.
c ng dng trong cc cng trnh xy dng nh:
Cu, cng, cc cng trnh ven bin, nh nh vic la
chn vt liu tt, m, sn bn ngoi vt liu mt lp
lm tng tui th ca vt liu
V tu thuyn c m mt lp ng bn ngoi nhm
chng n mn do nc bin.
Xin Chn
Thnh
Cm n
C V
Cc Bn
Nguyn Hong Duy MSSV: 2092123
Nguyn vn chnh MSSV:
2092120
Nguyen Minh Lut MSSV: 2092139
Danh Si Ra MSSV:
2092156
Hunh Th Bch Ngc MSSV: 2092144