CTT105 3.2 Application Layer

Chng 03 Tng ng dng
MNG MY TNH Thng 09/2011
Mc tiu
Cung cp cc dch v mng cho ngi dng cui Cc ng dng mng ph bin: Application
E-mail Web Instant Message Telnet, SSH FTP, P2P file sharing Networked Games Video conference Presentation Session Transport
Network Data link Physical
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh
Ni dung
Cc khi nim Mt s dch v mng Lp trnh ng dng
Process - 1
Process = tin trnh
chng trnh chy trn my Nhiu lung cng vic (thread tiu trnh)
Lin lc gia cc tin trnh:

Trn cng 1 my:
h iu hnh
Chia s b nh Truyn thng ip gia cc tin trnh
User Process
User Process
OS - Kernel
shared resources
4
Process - 2
Trn 2 my khc nhau:
truyn d liu qua ng mng
VD: socket, name pipe,
User Process OS-Kernel
User Process OS-Kernel
Network
ng dng mng
Chy trn cc end-system Lin lc vi nhau qua mng Kin trc:
Server-client Peer-to-peer
Server - client
Server:
Lun lun sng Chy trn 1 a ch c nh Nhn v x l yu cu t client
Client:
Lin lc v gi yu cu cho Server C th dng IP ng 2 client khng th lin lc trc tip vi nhau
VD:
Web: WebServer (IIS, Apache, ), web browser (IE, FireFox, ) FTP: FTP Server (ServerU), FTP Client
Peer-to-peer
ng dng c c hai chc nng ca server v client Cc client lin lc trc tip Dng a ch ng Qun l kh VD: Skype, Bittorrent
Process - 3
a ch ca mt ngi:
a ch nh Tn ngi
a ch ca tin trnh:
a ch IP Port:
0..1023: port chun 1024..49151: port c nh, ng k trc : port linh ng
Mt s khi nim khc - 1

Giao thc tng ng dng:
Do ngi ci t ng dng xy dng VD: HTTP, FTP,
Nhng yu cu dch v ca tng ng dng:

Truyn d liu ng tin cy Thi gian Bng thng Bo mt d liu
10
Mt s khi nim khc - 2

Cc dch v tng transport cung cp:
TCP service
Dch v hng kt ni truyn d liu ng tin cy
UDP service
Dch v hng khng kt ni d liu truyn khng ng tin cy nhanh hn TCP
11
Mt s khi nim khc -3
Tham kho thm: http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers http://www.bctes.com/network-applications-tcp-udp-port-numbers.html

12
Ni dung
13
Ni dung
Cc khi nim Mt s dch v mng
DHCP DNS
Lp trnh ng dng
14
DHCP - t vn
Cu hnh IP???
15
DHCP - t vn
16
DHCP - t vn
Gii quyt???
17
DHCP gii thiu

DHCP = Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Tin thn: BOOTP Hot ng tng ng dng
RFC 1533, 1534, 1541, 1542, 2131
Chc nng: cp pht a ch IP ng M hnh Client - Server:

Server
Giao thc hot ng tng Transport: UDP
Client:
Port: 67 Cung cp a thng tin cu hnh TCP/IP cho cc client Port: 68 Yu cu server cp thng tin cu hnh TCP/IP
18
DHCP - M hnh hot ng - 1

DHCP Discover UDP Broadcast DHCP Offer UDP Broadcast
MAC: bit IP: cha xc nh
DHCP Request
IP Address, subnet mask Lease time DHCP Ack DHCP sever IP Address
Default Gateway DNS Server

19 Tham kho: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2131.txt
19
DHCP - M hnh hot ng - 2

Xin cp mi:
Discover: client tm DHCP Server Offer: DHCP gi mt a ch IP Request: Client yu cu cp 1 a ch IP Ack: Server xc nhn ng v gii phng a ch IP Nak: Server t chi a ch IP m client yu cu
Xin cp li:
Request Ack/ Nak
Hu thng tin c cp:

Release
20
DHCP s hot ng
21
DHCP Format message
22
DHCP Format message

Op Htype Hlen 1 1 1 Loi thng ip Loi a ch vt l Kch thc 1 a ch vt l
Hops Xid
Secs Flags Ciaddr
1 4
2 1 4
Client set l 0, dng cho relay agent Transaction ID,

c in bi client Cho bit gi tin ny c phi l gi tin broadcast khng a ch ca Client, dng trong cc trng hp renew,..
Yiaddr
Siaddr Giaddr Chaddr
4
4 4 16
a ch ca i tc
a ch ca next server miv c dng trong cc thng ip DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK a ch ca relay agent a ch vt l ca client
23
DHCP lnh console

Kim tra thng tin cu hnh IP: Ipconfig /all Xin cp mt IP mi: Ipconfig /renew Tr a ch IP ang dng: Ipconfig /release
24
Ni dung
Cc khi nim Mt s dch v mng
DHCP DNS
Lp trnh ng dng
25
DNS - t vn - 1
Internet
26
DNS - t vn - 2
Domain Name IP
27
DNS gii thiu

DNS = Domain Name System Rfc 1034, 1035 Chc nng
Dng phn gii tn min thnh a ch IP v ngc li
Lch s:
u tin, lu tr bng file hosts Ngy nay, lu tr bng 1 CSDL phn tn
To thnh cy domain Mi node
Name Server (NS) C mt tn min (domain name) C th c sub domain
28
DNS m hnh hot ng

Hot ng tng Application Tng Transport:
UDP: truy vn (query) port 53 TCP: cp nht thng tin (zone transfer)
M hnh Client Server

Server:
Primary NS
Cha thng tin v mt zone
Secondary NS
Backup ca primary NS
Client - Resolver
Port linh ng
29
Internet domain space

.
Top Level Database (TLD)
Name space
com
edu
gov
vn
fr
uk
Second Level Database
Domain
vnn
com
Zone
edu
gov
30
Tham kho thm: http://www.icann.org/en/registries/about.htm
DNS thut ng
Name space: Domain: Zone:
Tp cc tn min trn Internet l mt nhnh trong name space L mt vng domain tng ng vi bin qun l trong DNS Phn loi:
Primary zone Secondary zone Stub zone
Root
.
vn
edu khtn cntt vatly bachkhoa
com
FQDN (Fully Qualitified Domain Name)

Tn y <hostname> + <domain name> + . VD: www.cntt.khtn.edu.vn.
31
DNS Internet domain space thng k
32
DNS v d
.
vn edu
172.29.70.254
www mail ftp 172.29.70.253 172.29.70.252 172.29.70.252
khtn
172.29.70.200
cntt
ftp 172.29.70.4
vatly
www 172.29.10.2
33
LU TR
Lu d liu di dng cc resource record RR (name, value, type, ttl)
SOA: thng tin cho ton b 1 zone MX: thng tin ca server nhn mail ca min NS: thng tin cc name server qun l zone
Name: tn min Vaule: a ch NS ca min
Name: hostname Value: IP address
A: dng phn gii tn my thnh a ch IP

CNAME: lu tn ph ca 1 my PTR: dng phn gii a ch IP thnh tn my

Name: IP addr. Value: hostname
Name: tn alias Value: tn tht
34
DNS phn gii - 1

qui (recursive query)
Server nhn cu truy vn phi tr li thng tin cui cng: phn gii c hay khng? VD: my cl1.khtn.edu.vn truy vn tn min
2
root DNS server
3 7 6
local DNS server

dns.khtn.edu.vn
TLD DNS server 5 4
8
authoritative DNS server dns.cs.umass.edu
gaia.cs.umass.edu
cl1.khtn.edu.vn
gaia.cs.umass.edu
35
DNS phn gii - 2

Tun t (iterated query)
Server nhn cu truy vn khng phi tr li thng tin cui cng, ch tr li thng tin v NS gn nht VD: my cl1.khtn.edu.vn truy vn tn min
2
root DNS server
3 4 5 local DNS server

dns.khtn.edu.vn
TLD DNS server
authoritative DNS server dns.cs.umass.edu cl1.khtn.edu.vn gaia.cs.umass.edu
gaia.cs.umass.edu
36
DNS Phn gii - caching

Lu tm kt qu truy vn trong cache
Caching Table
Host Name IP Address TTL
clientA.contoso.msft. 192.168.8.44 28 seconds

ClientA is at 192.168.8.44 Request: ClientA? Request: ClientA? Client1
Internet
ClientA is at Wheres 192.168.8.44 Client A?
37
Client2
DNS phn gii - v d

Request Reply
.
Address of com server Address of yahoo.com server
vn
com
vnn
Address of www.yahoo.com
yahoo
Address of www.yahoo.com
38
Ni dung
TCP UDP
39
socket
Socket
Cnh ca gia ng dng v giao thc tng transport (TCP, UDP) cung cp interface lp trnh mng ti tng Transport Mt socket l mt end-point ca mt lin kt gia hai ng dng
Windows Socket Application Programming Interface (Winsock API)

th vin cc hm socket xy dng cc ng dng mng trn nn TCP/IP
40
Lp trnh ng dng mng

1. Xc nh kin trc mng: Client Server, Peer-toPeer 2. Giao thc s dng tng Transport: TCP, UDP 3. Cc port s dng Server v Client 4. Giao thc tng ng dng khi trao i d liu gia hai end-host 5. Lp trnh
41
Lp trnh ng dng TCP - 1

Giai an 1: Server to Socket v lng nghe yu cu kt ni ti PORT
SERVER To socket lng nghe kt ni socket() ng k tn cho socket bind() Lng nghe kt ni t client listen() CLIENT
42
TCP - 2
Giai an 2: Client to Socket, yu cu thit lp mt ni kt vi Server CLIENT SERVER
To socket lng nghe kt ni socket() ng k tn cho socket bind() Lng nghe kt ni t client listen() To socket kt ni n server socket() i 1 kt ni n t Client Chp nhn mt kt ni t Client (socket mi c to) accept()
Kt ni n server connect()
43
TCP - 3
Giai an 3: Trao i thng tin gia Client v Server
SERVER CLIENT To socket kt ni n server socket() i 1 kt ni n t Client Chp nhn mt kt ni t Client (socket mi c to) accept() Truyn/nhn d liu send()/receive()
Truyn/nhn d liu send()/receive()
44
TCP - 4
Giai on 4: Kt thc phin lm vic
SERVER CLIENT
ng kt ni (socket ca connection) close()
ng kt ni close()
45
TCP - 5
SERVER To socket lng nghe kt ni socket() ng k tn cho socket bind() Lng nghe kt ni t client listen() To socket kt ni n server socket()
i 1 kt ni n t Client
CLIENT
Chp nhn mt kt ni t Client (socket mi c to) accept() Truyn/nhn d liu send()/receive() ng kt ni (socket ca connection) close() Truyn/nhn d liu send()/receive()
ng kt ni close()
Khoa ngh tin - i hc Khoa tthc nhin TP H Ch Minh S Cng tng tc thng gia Server-Client theohc giao TCP
46
Lp trnh ng dng UDP - 1

M hnh UDP
Giai on 1: Server to Socket ti PORT
47
UDP - 2
Giai on 2: Client to Socket
48
UDP - 3
Giai on 3: Trao i thng tin gia Client v Server
49
Ti liu tham kho

Slide ca J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross v Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach
50

CTT105 3.2 Application Layer

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CTT105 3.2 Application Layer

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Chng 03 Tng ng dng

MNG MY TNH Thng 09/2011

Network Data link Physical

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Lin lc gia cc tin trnh:

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

User Process OS-Kernel

User Process OS-Kernel

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Mt s khi nim khc - 1

Nhng yu cu dch v ca tng ng dng:

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Mt s khi nim khc - 2

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Mt s khi nim khc -3

Tham kho thm: http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers http://www.bctes.com/network-applications-tcp-udp-port-numbers.html

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DHCP gii thiu

Chc nng: cp pht a ch IP ng M hnh Client - Server:

Giao thc hot ng tng Transport: UDP

DHCP - M hnh hot ng - 1

MAC: bit IP: cha xc nh

Default Gateway DNS Server

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DHCP - M hnh hot ng - 2

Hu thng tin c cp:

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DHCP Format message

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DHCP Format message

Client set l 0, dng cho relay agent Transaction ID,

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DHCP lnh console

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DNS gii thiu

DNS m hnh hot ng

M hnh Client Server

Internet domain space

Second Level Database

Tham kho thm: http://www.icann.org/en/registries/about.htm

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

edu khtn cntt vatly bachkhoa

FQDN (Fully Qualitified Domain Name)

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

DNS Internet domain space thng k

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

A: dng phn gii tn my thnh a ch IP

CNAME: lu tn ph ca 1 my PTR: dng phn gii a ch IP thnh tn my

Name: tn alias Value: tn tht

DNS phn gii - 1

root DNS server

local DNS server

TLD DNS server 5 4