46

2010

11

 11

12811288

Vol.46
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA

No.11

Nov. 2010 pp.12811288

  



  
  

100085)

  
 



  
,

TG132.3

100711)

04121961(2010)11128108

DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION OF SUPERALLOY

IN CHINA
SHI Changxu
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085

ZHONG Zengyong
The Chinese Society for Metals, Beijing 100711

Correspondent: ZHONG Zengyong, professor, Tel: (010)65233119, E-mail: zzy@csm.org.cn

Manuscript received 20100628

ABSTRACT In this paper the development course of superalloy in China, the technical progress
and innovation in recent years and works in the future are described.
KEY WORD superalloy

1956  
 GH3030  , 

, 
 


 50 

.  50 
,  

,  ,   
, 
 
, , 



,   

,
  


  , 


 ( 1).
 2002   ,  


 89 , 

  194 , : 
 30 ,  43 ,  6 , 
 62 ,  15 , 
 9 ,  20 , 


! : 20100628
 : , , 1920 , , 
!!,
!!

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2010.00309

, ODS  5 , ",  


. 
,   !,
 ", #
$ #.

 50 ,  
% "
, # $!
%,  


!: &"'$!(') (%#('), $'*

+)' (%#$'') "'$!%&
') (%#"%'); ,&'!: "#$)
(%#"#$), -&(#$!$!,! (%#-&),
)',)',); 
*%&
./()*%! ((); &
 '"
,  0"(%: '
(, "+(,  )&(, "+
),'&, &"'&, ""'&, )
&
'-, "
,! ',  **,!1
(. )*",  #
 
 *, )
2)+3
 *)4+5* *, ./ 

, .-

+,.
3

+1282

0+#+-+,

 $1 .,.--.- %&//0

/
5
'20
!"#$%&'(
 
 * '.


46

1
(
)
Fig.1 Trend of superalloy for turbine blade and disk in the world and development of main alloys in China

50

20,  1956 1 20 3 70 ./

0(20. )1*4200
 
 GH3030 (12 435), 2

13. 1960 5, 3* 6+,
426 %
78(/( WP5,
WP6, WP7  WP8 .-
,

), 42 

%
%, 4' 
95-)3.-. 62
07)1

,
/: GH4033, GH4037, GH4049, GH2036, GH3030,
GH3039, GH3044, K401, K403  K406 , 743

:5 ;480</12, 5


)18
=%, 7 366,
>974 5.
), 9 *: '*
67:;7200,  /(8

,, 55?88&0, 

 ,   6, 8 %'7

99, '   . 8)7*@
&, ;72 8 Ni 9 Cr 69
::, &
, .:3*
"
' GH4033(GH2135)  GH4037(GH2130, GH2302)

GH3030

<

GH1140

420, : 1964 ;;

7=4
</(*, ;<<;='><=, 
> 
<< = 100 ?,. 3*>/ )
*, @) -A '-=, ,
8>? 3 ;A,
 2 *, 
2 ;A?>@, @?;A<B?@A+,?
./ ( 6"1./), 7 10 #54A,!

?@B6<=C =B/("
> :&
C. @
 K417 ;<
<;=, 3*C, A5 5 , @$ BB
)D
<<;=A@ ,  @
?
,!./4?,. 30 /
41 $=, %
!D 78(, D@8&'4.
-20,  20 3 70 .1 90 .C,


20. EA
3D
/(, BD , 
; WS9, WZ6  WZ8 /(

, 6BD ,!, B E,!CC
)
, 2DE= FD 
 8F:
,.
), EF&

-, /'?F - E,( *,(

GEGB : HCIDFEGHGJ

11

95-, H
, 

FFK:LGFF1, BI E
$H'HG95 . 8420
, 7, I
 
  , @:&



,!
G;6
"I2, 6J GHI";J 4
'.
'20,  20 3 90 .1, 

20. 620I
&
, 


KL. EA
/(-A 
, ,

 ,
),  MJJJ 


9,  <<H FGH4095
 FGH4096; @
(#,!, B
IBH
 MGH4754  FGH2756;  
. -.
 DD402, DD408, DD406 ,
K DZ4125, DZ4125L, DZ604M,
DZ417G, JLJ GH2907, GH2909 
KA ,
Cr  GH4648 .
8)7*,  
- GH4169 H&

H, MN

6K', H
&LNOE', L8FMK 406 mm K'1
610 mm, LO  P.  GH4169G
5 &'0,   ON

.


 . L
%6K
L<(

8
MMM, K435,
K444, K446, K452  GH4413 &NKA

<<;=0;=48(ON
QR&
. '?H&, / GH4742 
GH4698 <<HKL<("
&
.
C, @)N O-<>P, 


$ (' $''"%' 3 N.
 4N7M*0, H 
-,
('I 612 t ?O , 12 t ? P,
3000 t E,-; $'' 12 t ?O , 10 t
? P, 5  20 t PPLQJQ, 4000 t E,-,
1300 t *,(, 3000 t  ,- 8000 t S*( (

 ,); "%'I 6 t ?O , 
F
%. /()*%!
. "#$ -& )'',!
?H' %, -& 8
104 t !,S*(. 7*!, ,
;6 . % *%T/


1283


.
2
2.1

-.$/0123
45678
F HCR"L'

,

'NOH&, 42O S'L, 42./'L

NL&N*8U, /QQ (IN) . 8F
  GH4169, GH4698 
 'LMK
406 mm L, K'1MK 610660 mm L.

 S'L, @,!RP, /? P
@
RLOQ, @
?O + JQ&O + ? P
O '1, ? PO @
O G;S,
"TV7.
 JQ&OV7, $''@
@
ULPPJQ&O, PHR
LST.



2.2

9:556;
<
? R 'TS

('!,  ,-,


'6QC'R?.
), 
- : 6',!.
'L
LS,  ETS@
TS, @
 U 48E,(" <,),
VS,
*NUWS1U, 42@ VRP, VLM6
'W=R . %;SLM6XY=P T,
7)SU *V/8&ZW, @,*P TXA,
VYP V7. I/, -=TI<,!,

-VX
-U, V=P T -L
M6, V R, @,*WXA, YT
P V7. 0Z-7ML, @
TI<,!5, L
M6 =[W 1020 ?". 0<ML,
),!2
GH4742, GH4698, GH4586 ?'L
? GH720 P%) <,S ( 2).
?X YH&!,1M@

 
\'Z<[U$][I<,!!
,*@
WX;V, ./!,-S*
+,, I/I<,! H ( 3).

X9O!#2!,H&"0\ OPV
Y, !#!,, V!# =' 600
800 ?, 2 GH4169 H&)0Z, "T-7.
2 ,)0Z, V7YT, AR,
S* !,& O. @
 ,!#


, 5)
ULPP, 7!#W
Z6VW5 ,
T]+[
".
 8&
MK
1 m "
'H&, ,%X#, 
 "X.

)<

<


=

+1284

0+#+-+,

46

(1) H
DE=, 48F ,

c 20106, Bi c 0.3106, 

D=
,

";
(2)  H&',
a>FD;
(3) 'H&
, VLK'1M
K 610660 mm,
V^dN*8U, @

VIM+ESR+VAR '1F ;
(4) ]a GH4169  O ;6$
b,

P LO
.
 

 -''?
H&
&'^c. 48./F 
'_,!+,, MK
1.2 m
 GH4698 HMK
0.8 m  GH4742 H,

bL<(
MK
1.1 m  GH4738  GH2132
WX,
'KL<(
MK 2.2 m  GH2674 W
X, > 'L
%6KL<(.
-;6, JLJ

# .M,  GH2907  GH2909

<<(c, 0NJ/&8_&"
dG,!,  
.
T& /(,

=:
(>650 ?) JLJ
".
S

GH4742

>

YY\Z Z^Y[
]

Fig.2 Cogging down of GH4742 ingot by

soft capsuling free forging
(a) cogging down under forging press
(b) forged bar with diameter of 360 mm


)

FGHIBCJKIBC6LMN
78

;6 `a$`e
) P
& G&8 

DE=9-) E 
;= 
)
2.4

 .,.\Z\^Z
?@ABCDE67
*
^ *_H]
 '
ON
; E @ 


*
H_*]-  `

</([[H a` <<^\.
3

GH4742

Fig.3 GH4742 disk by casuling die forging with diameter

of 820 mm

2.3

GH4169

, GH4169
.
,

-&_&, 78(/(
H&.-b[&
\]/(b[&, 43
`\2
LG,,
),  4 ;6)'
 :

&I.
<K^f`a 
f`
*Z] , 'W=%

H=,
E? "E.  /(
, J# "
 

' ;=,  DZ404, DZ422  DZ422B
N_/(Q&
, )E,
(-
 DZ4125, DZ4125L  DZ417G << ;=
, 

=
1000 ? `,  DZ640M 0;
=, 43F48

ON ( 4a).
 6" EM
, 
g., 

 /(
<<
;=.   20 3 80 .(
,  DD402, DD403, DD406, DD407, DD408(
A)  DD498  ( 4b).  .
DD402, 7
  =
1050 ?0<<;
=, </("48( MON; DD407 
)( MON. -. DD406, c 2%Re,

))

GEGB : HCIDFEGHGJ

11

1285

ehab.-bb.-

4
Fig.4 Directionally column crystal blade (a) and single crystal blade (b)

ifjbcgkcchdidchdceeld

 U

 1994 5). 1994 , ' ( e%

e MJJJ 

9. -
-A/(,,  FGH4095 
Alloy
Testing
Creep
FGH4096  . 2 FGH4095 ) 6 
condition,
rupture
 10 _SL0Z, %,/(
f/MPa life, h
$G,H&,  J CC,, 7<H&
Directionally column
DZ404
980/206
100
g_h1`ST`h
 CC , (5
crystal alloy
DZ422
980/213
100
D g_h1`=CC), D  ON
DZ422B
950/217
100

, FGH4096 Nfa::. 

DZ417G
980/185
100
DZ4125L
980/243
100

H: Lm _S
DZ4125
980/218
100
TS X!,, @ @
: e MJJ
Single crystal alloy
DD402
1050/140
254
J S_S X!,, gf "'i
DD403
1040/140 100200
;,  
H&STNON', 
DD407
1050/140
283
STjg, B0"'1``h, )+,
DD406
1100/140
146

'*67, H , Vg
DD498
1100/140
121
%./, j 
. MH

=J 10801100 ?, /() _S  FGH4095 k<, 

ON. M 1  !-_Wf /(48Ih(MON, )&

.  FGH4095 MH_SR<<H, 
 .
48</((ON. )E, MH_S
2.5

X9d^N*
H=, 6"  FGH4097 <<HP%,
2
 <<H@
F;S,  "3 V/()

ON. M 2 
 3 - H .
80 ./( 
H, 7'
2 ifjbc 3 hkhnijcijld
1
Table 1 Creep rupture property of some directionally column
crystal and single crystal alloys in China

QR@ABC6S8T

Table 2 Mechanical property of three powder disk alloys

Alloy

Tensile property (650

b

f)

Creep rupture property (650

f)

Fatigue crack growth rate, mm/cyc

K=40 MPam1/2 K=60 MPam1/2

0.2

MPa MPa

, h

, %

, h

, %

FGH4095 1510

1140 15

16

521

250

3.6102

9.5102

FGH4096 1430

975 14

16

124

63

1.6102

2.9102

1.4103

8.6103

FGH4097 1340

1030 23

23

1000 MPa

536

1030 MPa

168

+1286

0+#+-+,

XYZ[\X@ABCN]^_
BIBH
48(#,!

 ) 8F "
'0 "T%]ab[(#

2.6

(MA)

(ODS)

10

TS lF,  MGH4754 

MGH2756 . MGH4754 lF5# %k
' 10 k-2%a O ( 5), YT

Wf  a ,
mi, 48
/(( MONR&
. 5P
, ;P
bl./TS(
TS * +,, Pl
P.

`
)a,

CbcXBY@Ade6TJ;

3 .C  (2

)"
Kc 
2.7

20

80

;6,  67.

 NiAl ;6, !- 6
 Ni3 Al ,  JG4006(IC6) 
  1100 ?0 ,
/(0;=48
(MON; *P JG4246(MX246) Zn
&,
/(dmn&, )/H

O
N. )E, Ni3 Al o
;6
m/N@A
&, n(0o<
A& N
S!# l&
,  =
.

) )

46

,  Ti3Al 

TiAl .  Ti3 Al  Ti2 AlNb(O ') 
r 67,   Ti
24Al14Nb3V0.5Mo  Ti23Al17Nb f Ti3 Al 
 7f # :Tef,

\]/(B<<p, gG/(b[&
os

q!hW<8
ON, 3

. Ti3Al
/(0<<<-i
)

ON. ) Ti2 AlNb(O ') , 

5
Ti22Al22Nb  Ti22Al20Nb7Ta, :

H=,  \] gG/(/(&,
)

ON. TiAl  TiAl 

k,

= 700 ?",  
TiAl a f e, 
TiAl  =
TiAl 
;6F &'. ) Ti
46.5Al2.5V1Cr , hg O^g0i 2je
J 4.8%, 48tilF >T= O,
 KIC=21 MPa, 5=3.5%, 6"./ TiAl 
Ufa emab. )E, 48
Nb 
, 65
Ti45/46Al8/10Nb, 
=
900 ?" TiAlNb , 8 ED



 TiAl k]. TiAl 

&',  TiAl PES<<J

.:a$
, Ih(-7MLV7YT (
6).
TiAl /(K@i<q. 6/
2n(
/(rLo

ON.
)E,  2 Fe3Al, FeAl, NiAl, [
)3 12.

7ML, 
8T)* 

'-, *%T/ 

;6 , ONl.
TiAl

)

) g

)


)
V

2.8

MGH4754

opojblp p OM  TEM q

Fig.5 OM (a) and TEM (b) images of recrystallisation of

MGH4754 rod (arrow shows the extrusion direction)

)
hiTjk@ABC6T

\]0q/(
'?u
5

 lsqvl.,

6
Fig.6 Supercharger turbine of TiAl alloy

GEGB : HCIDFEGHGJ

11

, / GH2038, GH1040, GH4169, GH4141,

 GH3600 ,  72\]/(I
/

*

*p, p*H

'
,%C OP 6  (/
"H) T. IC ) =
800
850 ?<<H GH4586 m], `@

  'rqH mH?rH, 

%
g
MP<<J =B/t[\]/(.
I GH4202 -"
 rq
H
, ), 
=B/t[

SsK\]/( 'CB\]/(KLF9b
[&.

=C/=B/(b[&mr.6<?
@B, 6<MKE/(T*

@E', ?=E', ,!b[PlLuG

LFD, `&
.

.-0q

&
,  GH4742, K424, GH4487  GH4098 , >
w.,.

GH1131
:

,

 m@ABCno67 8pq
`
o
3`\ /t[(ES<
< bL<(;=H Fn''sv K(rL
or;6
5 I/
6K' ;

KAn[ VXV](#
2.9

)
LO, ]/, n
GH4600
F
ONE', o



<8F
 5%10% 
20% `. o

C
C, ]KL<(, EME%,
`
JE, @
Lu/* oLpq'Ss.
KL<(b[;=H&. 8

;
=' , K(



,WZ% (J 105 h),

KA NO', ,C
, 5@R?. )E,
KtJ!

VuggQ J-, tr
=J 750 ?", FunJ
, 
o

-2
H
,. o


H_VK',
V'W
=E', 7oG:w.

stuN]vwx6!y
2)7* 2
*;
6' ) 9 o:7 x
d^)
;6z ) /

 )
G
c
2.10

Mg

P, Si, Zr

RN*, @sF DZ4125 

Hf @PW8"'I , @N*

DZ4125L. 8@

=y=
,!-, MC
OQM=, @
O

1287

>, 5:FD, X9N*8U, V% 

. )E, HI

=8&0)

&
t_ O t#WZ3
u, 2WZ3u "'o:.

3
3.1

5

"{|
#}/ 
pql '

50
:

V- 4'*)W

/*)v. 20 3 50 ./, 6'i
r, 6 %'H V-su,!, @
/(,!MHw/j

,
.-='58
/(MHvw. xE, 4

2


x - v*69 OFF;6y
g'*)W)8
*68&. <

5rT ?=', @

,
C
 /*%Xb[&, , 2 
,L@
,
), @
O '%
.-F &*& 95-. Q6'x
?C
, @,v "
9, 5),  4;zw, :wx)
?[W

.
(2) '*67, {y 2 '-. 4

&'Z". 8, (x{y
 


'-
& '-,
.%"t 5, v  ,
.;6IB
Jz5, Pl. iu P).
# S' y, , Lx.y, y>
@, 7*av{wqW, > )wq, 
;;_+,, z,./RP. .
iu, y, .y%a7|' b0
Z .  4|wxxcir0, yo
.% .? "&z6% 6xVz,
7

, 4'0, '6 {y, Pl
 


l.
(3) 
zy. 

 50 
, (x zy.
yo /('
 E, 

 E, @B E,!CC E
)
. V )
 E
/("{55R?, /{,  "R.
70<lL, }:%I} 
S|  '
. < -8&'
::8 Ez'7, v E b
"
(1)

))
,)

 

),

+1288

0+#+-+,

6,!6|O, U *:, : ;*

)12,   6, /"3
60 . u 6"
JQO 

GH4037  GH4049 . ), @  9JQO

/(<<HS:, }"3 70 ., 
'{
(<<(H  , 5 ',S
%X, @JQO<<H,  v, 751`+
,./@C0{. '"?
\LMHnI<MHn, ./
'TS(8&0~'+,; E5v?
I< YI<!,, .: Ea
!,
 ,. I?L <,S*
TI<,!A&'. 

8, 

N+,, 2'),

/ GH4133  K417G , r, 
,  'LO%S'. ,   )
&, I

. K c*", 
3 6F;8,!, 20
.

=*

3.2

~ 
)
)

>   2

,, 8F *", &IV 0

!;6 :
(1)
'
% T

 , ; 
H;6, 
, 
 ', zE%

ON

; K;=;12

6, 2 VY,
./
N+,; 

;6, I TiAl  NiAl , *
~:'V.
(2) 2

6"k Z*"H&I/

46

 GH4720 H
'  , P
 , `e 
 J, 7 {Wo
/(%C 
,. 
GH4169
 .
`e
, /K,(, 
!,  ,.
(3) H|

o
wx, 4
5Hb[".  5|


|, 7<
, ="V
Y
H. K'

H_, U
H|o
wx, I%6KL<(L
K(,
8

%7 ,  
7, 7*

)'W=%R6oG.
(4) 12
 =g8 1100 ?"
5`
, /' 

  H .
(5) 
HP~. 50 /<
,T/,  ),vyN7M*,  uH
6 
, I,  'I
9, 5@6/
CR,  ?P
+,:'^. 4-}6'5|B/(, >&, k' )
-E', 5@
-9}:.
7 6'552|cA, 2
|I  {t*}, k'"
8-Avy4A,  44;6 Lx
, -E', }~9, @3/)}
6, 4~y
 f/(-Avyr
T@?~>@. `2, =F%./4+,, 4
2~o, {o-, ~ H*, 
9$:,

:0
*".
GH4169, GH4742, GH4698

)