GSM BASED ENERGY METER WITH LOAD CONTROL

Murtaza Rangwala, Ibrahim Bhabay, Vineet Singh Sharma Prof .K.K.Mathew Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Thadomal Shahani Engineering College T.P.S. III, 32ND Road, Bandra (W), Mumbai-50

Abstract- These days the electricity department has to send employees for taking meter reading every month, which is an expensive and time consuming job. This project provides a convenient and efficient method to avoid this problem. The electricity office can take the readings of consumers using GSM at their place. The desired number is auto saved on the microcontroller over a missed call. The main objective of the project is to develop a wireless based energy meter reading system. Also the loads can be controlled GSM using this project. The microcontroller takes the reading from the energy meter and displays the reading on the LCD. The reading of the energy meter is also sent to the control room by a message via GSM modem. This GSM modem also receives commands from any cell phone to control the electrical loads. It uses a standard energy meter that delivers output pulses for microcontroller to do counting for necessary action. On receiving command it can even switch ON/OFF the load. The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components

1. INTRODUCTION
Since the first Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network started to commission and operation in 1991, the world has adopted the standard for mobile communication. After the adoption, countries around the world are developing GSM infrastructure for wider nationwide coverage at a rapid rate. The SMS was developed as part of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) phase2 specification in 1992 as a text paging mechanism in addition to the original GSM voice service. It experienced an astronomical increase usage making it as a popular communication means for notification. The SMS has extended their service to content providers to deliver a wide variety of services to mobile phone users. SMS is one of the convenient mean of communication especially for reminder, notification, and a short note when the mobile phone user is not expect to answer or respond immediately .Now a days Current electricity billing is done by labor and manual reading from houses to houses shown on Table 1.1. This requires huge number of labor operators and long working hour to achieve complete area billing.

Keywords-Energy Control,Load,Power.

Meter,

GSM

Modem,

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Meter reading: Cost drivers Cost heading Sub cost heading Man power cost 1.Salaries 2.Risk and insurances Transportation cost 1.Cost of ownership(vehicle) 2.variable cost(fuel)

reading systems and to provide comprehensive information to the consumer for efficient use of utilities. Researchers have proposed different implementation techniques for AMR. One is the SMS-based Reconfigurable Automatic Meter Reading System which uses the GSM network for sending the ARM data. The other technique is secure and scalable automated reading system which uses the existing local ISPs instead of requiring its own proprietary set communication infrastructure. The gateway node basically consists of an embedded microprocessor system, based on embedded linux, and a modem. The remote real time automatic reading system employs distributed structure based on wireless sensor networks which consists of measure units, sensor nodes, data collectors, server and wireless communication network.

Table 1.1 : Analysis of cost in different aspects Meter reading: operator billing are prone to reading error as sometime the houses power meter is place in a location which is hard to read with naked eyes. Labor billing job is sometime restricted and slow down by bad weather condition. The printed billing has the tendency of missing in the mail box The GSM based energy Meter and Load Control System takes advantage of the available GSM infrastructure nationwide coverage in the country and the Short Messaging System (SMS) cell broadcasting feature to request and retrieve individual houses and building power consumption meter reading back to the energy provider wirelessly and the control system will monitor the power of the appliances which consumes more power.

3. PROBLEM FORMULATION

1.2 OBJECTIVES
To design a circuit which continuously monitors the meter reading and sends the message to User. To design a mechanism that will control the loads. .

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In order to overcome the problems of the existing traditional meter reading system, efforts are underway around the world to automate the meter

Electricity is one of the vital requirement for sustainment of comforts of life. IT should be used very judiciously for its proper utilization. But in our country we have lot of localities where we have surplus supply for the electricity while many areas do not even have access to it. Our policies of its distribution are also partially responsible for this because we are still not able to correctly estimate our exact requirements and still power theft is prevailing. On the other hand consumers are also not satisfied with the services of power companies. Most of the time they have complaints regarding statistical errors in their monthly bills. Thus we are trying to present an idea towards the minimization of technical errors and to reduce human dependency at the same time. With the help of this project we are aiming to receive the monthly energy consumption from a remote location directly to a centralized office. In this way we can reduce human efforts needed to record the meter readings which are till now recorded by visiting every home individually.

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This results in considerable loss of human hours and also provides considerable details regarding the average consumption of a locality so that power supply can be made according to these data. This will help the officials in deciding the specifications of transformers and other instruments required in power transmission. This idea is economically efficient as well because we can get the meter reading at a very low cost. The implementation is done in such a way that a SMS is delivered to the Modem whose reading is to be noted and then that meter replies to the server in the SMS format and it is known that SMS costs are very low.

Department to read the meter readings regularly without the person visiting each house. This can be achieved by the use of Microcontroller unit that continuously monitors and records the Energy Meter readings in its permanent (nonvolatile) memory location. This system also makes use of a GSM modem for remote monitoring and control of Energy Meter. The Microcontroller based system continuously records the readings and the live meter reading can be sent to the Electricity department on request. This system also can be used to disconnect the power supply to the house in case of non-payment of electricity bills. A dedicated GSM modem with SIM card is required for each energy meter. The GSM AMR takes the advantage of available GSM infrastructure nationwide coverage and the Short Messaging System (SMS) cell broadcasting feature to request and retrieve individual houses and building power consumption reading back to the energy provider wirelessly. The Store and Forwarding feature of SMS allow reliable meter reading delivery when GSM signal is affected by the poor weather conditions. The stored message is archive in the mobile operator and can be later retrieve for billing purposes.

4. PROBLEM SOLUTION

Thus we are trying to present an idea towards the minimization of technical errors and to reduce human dependency at the same time. With the help of this project we are aiming to receive the monthly energy consumption from a remote location directly to a centralized office. In this way we can reduce human efforts needed to record the meter readings which are till now recorded by visiting every home individually. This results in considerable loss of human hours and also provides considerable details regarding the average consumption of a locality so that power supply can be made according to these data. This will help the officials in deciding the specifications of transformers and other instruments required in power transmission. This idea is economically efficient as well because we can get the meter reading at a very low cost. The implementation is done in such a way that a SMS is delivered to the Modem whose reading is to be noted and then that meter replies to the server in the SMS format and it is known that SMS costs are very low.

4.2 METHODOLOGY:
The method used to carry out this project is the principle of serial communication in collaboration with embedded system. The project has a electric meter which will work and a GSM modem which is the latest technology used for communication between MODEM and embedded systems. The modem will send a message as and when desired to the electricity officials through Subscriber Identity Module inserted inside the MODEM.

4.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW:

The purpose of this project is to remote monitoring and control of the Domestic Energy meter. This system enables the Electricity

4.3 GSM/GPRS MODEM

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GSM/GPRS MODEM is a class of wireless MODEM devices that are designed for communication of a computer with the GSM and GPRS network. It requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate communication with the network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar to mobile phones for their identification. SIM 900-GPRS module is a breakout board and minimum system of SIM900 Quad-band/SIM900A Dual-band GSM/GPRS module. It can communicate with controllers via AT commands (GSM 07.07,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands). This module supports software power on and reset.

flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

4.4 AT COMMANDS:
AT commands are used to control MODEMs. AT is the abbreviation for Attention. These commands come from Hayes commands that were used by the Hayes smart modems. The Hayes commands started with AT to indicate the attention from the MODEM. The dial up and wireless MODEMs (devices that involve machine to machine communication) need AT commands to interact with a computer. AT commands with a GSM/GPRS MODEM or mobile phone can be used to access following information and services: 1. Information and configuration pertaining to mobile device or MODEM and SIM card. 2. SMS services. 3. MMS services. 4. Fax services. 5. Data and Voice link over mobile network.

5. RESULTS
1. SYSTEM INITIALISATION : When we switch on the system we get a notification on the LCD screen saying that we need to dial the modem number. On dialing the modem number system gets initialized and we get following notification on LCD screen.

4.5MICROCONTROLLER
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of insystem programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density non volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non volatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-

1. LOAD CONTROL:

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When we SMS 1 to the modem then load 1 is switched on. Similarly when we SMS 3 to modem load 2 is switched on. And accordingly for load 3 and 4.

1. BILLING:
After a fixed interval of time we get the notification of energy consumed by the load both in terms of Units as well as Rupees. And same reading is displayed on LCD screen.

AND we SMS S to modem we get the status of loads.

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6. CONCLUSION
Thus our Project i.e. 'GSM BASED ENERGY METER WITH LOAD CONTROL' was implemented successfully. Periodic Updates about Energy Consumption of the Load & its monetary equivalent are received on the Cell Phone via Short Message Service (SMS) and these readings are being being displayed on the LCD. Also the Current Status of the condition of Loads was checked remotely by sending a message. Remote Load Control (Turn ON & OFF ) of the Four Loads also was carried out, and we could remotely switch off or switch on the loads merely by sending a SMS. This is the prototype and is an upgrade to current meter reading system. This project can be modified to control home appliances like Television , Air conditioners etc.

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7. FUTURE SCOPE:
1) Home appliances can be controlled from anywhere. 2) Control system will monitor the power of the appliances which consumes more power than its predefined limit. If the power increases to the predefined limit the control system will control the power by means of different techniques for different types of loads like resistive and inductive load so as to reduce unnecessary power consumption of appliances and to save the energy.

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8. REFERENCES:
1. Sarangle, R. G., Khot, U. P., and Modi, J., 2012, International Journal of Engineering Research and Application 118

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