SETTING AND COORDINATION OF OVERCURRENT RELAY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

ABDUL HADI BIN ISMAIL

Submitted to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor in Electrical Engineering (Power)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

MAY 2008

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Dedicated, in thankful appreciation for support, encouragement and understandings to: My beloved mother Halijah Bte Ibrahim and father Ismail Bin Awang; my brother and sister Norhasanah, Ahmad Tarmizi, Mohd Lotfi, Khairul Anwar and Muhammad Naim; also my beloved friend Ridhuan, Aidil, Rushdi, Afizan, Mohd Al-amin, Azizi and Noor Izyawati Ibrahim and all person contribute to this project.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere to Hjh Faridah bt Hussin for his numerous invaluable advice, comments, guidance and persistence encouragement throughout the course of this project.

My sincere appreciation also goes to Encik Hashim b Ahmad Turki (Branch Manager, TNBD Langkawi) for his idea and advice to complete this project.
I would also like to thank our Advance Power Lab Technician, Puan Norlela for her co-operations, guidance and helps in this project.

My appreciation also goes to my family who has been so tolerant and supports me all these years. Thanks for their encouragement, love and emotional supports that they had given to me.

Nevertheless, my great appreciation dedicated to my friends and those whom involve directly or indirectly with this project. There is no such meaningful word than...Thank You So Much.

ABSTRACT

This project mainly focuses on studies of protection relay in power distribution system. Relay that used in this project is inverse definite minimum time relay (IDMT) and its have a widely application in distribution system. The reliability of power system can be increased by proper setting and coordination of the relays in power distribution system. The characteristic of relay is analyzed to find out the operating condition and setting of the relay. A case study of power distribution system in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia is analyzed and simulated using SKM Power Tools software to find out the setting and coordination of a relay. Using relay coordination concept that are discussed in this project, the operating time of relay for distribution system can be analyzed and developed.

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ABSTRAK

Projek ini memfokuskan mengenai geganti perlindungan yang digunakan di dalam sistem pengagihan. Geganti yang digunakan dalam projek ini adalah geganti masa minimum tertentu songsang yang banyak diaplikasikan di dalam sistem pengagihan. Keboleharapan di dalam sistem kuasa juga boleh ditingkatkan oleh pengesetan dan koordinasi yang betul dalam sistem pengagihan kuasa elektrik. Ciri-ciri geganti telah dianalisis untuk mendapatkan pengesetan dan keadaan operasi geganti tersebut. Sistem pengagihan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia digunakan sebagai kajian untuk dianalisis dan simulasi menggunakan perisian SKM Power Tools untuk mendapatkan pegesetan dan koordinasi geganti aruslebih. Berdasarkan konsep koordinasi untuk geganti aruslebih yang dibincangkan dalam projek ini, masa operasi bagi geganti aruslebih di dalam sistem pengagihan dapat dihasilkan dan dianalisis.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER

TITLE

PAGE

DECLARATION OF THESIS DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS LIST OF APPENDICES

ii iii iv v vi vii x xi xii xiii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Statement 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Scope of Work 1.4 Organization of The Thesis 1 2 2 4

2. POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Protection for Power Distribution System 2.3 Protection Devices 2.3.1 Fuse 5 6 6 6

viii 2.3.2 Circuit Breaker 2.3.3 Relay 2.4 Relays 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 Induction Relays Attracted-armature Relays Moving coil Relays Thermal Relays Timing Relays Static Relays 7 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21

2.5 Requirements 2.6 Protective Relay Application in Electrical Network 2.7 Protective Relaying 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 Applications System Scheme

2.8 Relay Coordination Concept 2.8.1 2.8.2 Radial System Ring System

2.9 Overcurrent relay 2.9.1 Overcurrent Protection 2.9.2 2.10 Overcurrent IDMT Type Relays

Overcurrent Schemes 2.10.1 Shortcomings 2.10.2 Overcurrent Relay in a Distribution System

2.11

Time-graded Overcurrent Protection 2.11.1 Settings 2.11.2 Time Multiplier Setting

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SOFTWARE 3.1 3.2 Introduction SKM Power Tools for Windows 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.3 DAPPER CAPTOR 23 24 24 26 26 27 27 27 28

SKM in Relays Coordination 3.3.1 Modeling 3.3.2 Simulation and Analysis

3.3.3 Coordination 3.3.4 Evaluation

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 4.2 Introduction Result of Simulation for Zon 1 4.2.1 4.2.2 Result for Overcurrent Relay Setting in Zon 1 Different setting of Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) in Zon 1 4.3 Result of Simulation for Zon 2 4.3.1 4.3.2 Result for Overcurrent Relay Setting in Zon 2 Different setting of Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) in Zon 2 4.4 Discussion 53 42 47 50 31 32 37 40

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Recommendation REFERENCES APPENDICES 54 55 56 57

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

TITLE

PAGE

4.1 4.2

Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 1, UTM Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 1, UTM (Different setting of TSM)

37 40

4.3 4.4

Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 2, UTM Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 2, UTM (Different setting of TSM)

47 51

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE

TITLE

PAGE

1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3

Simple Circuits in Distribution System Project Overview Induction relays Circuit of Time Graded Scheme Relay coordination concepts for ring System

2 3 9 15 18

2.4 3.1 3.2

Standard IDMT current-time characteristic Component editor function Relay adder, shifter, and calibration points Function

22 25 28

3.3 3.4

Setting of IDMT overcurrent relay Single Line Diagram of UTM Power Distribution

29 30

4.1 4.2

Single line diagrams for Zon 1, UTM Single line diagrams for Zon 1, UTM using SKM Power Tools

32 34

4.3 4.4

Current-time graphs for Zon 1, UTM Current-time graphs for different Setting of TSM in Zon 1, UTM

35 36

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4.5 4.6

Single line diagram for Zon 2, UTM Single line diagrams for Zon 2, UTM using SKM Power Tools

42 44

4.7 4.8

Current-time graph for Zon 2, UTM Current-time graphs for different Setting of TSM in Zon 2, UTM

45 46

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LIST OF SYMBOLS

T a b Ia Ib T M

Torque Angles of induction relays (side A) Angles of induction relays (side B) current of induction relays (side A) current of induction relays (side B) Time operating relay Multiple of setting Time Setting Multiplier Plug Setting Multiplier Relay Operating Time

TSM PSM ROT -

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX

TITLE

PAGE

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 1, UTM

57

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 1, UTM (Different setting of TSM)

65

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 2, UTM

69

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 2, UTM (Different setting of TSM)

79

Example of Demand Load Report from DAPPER function

83

Example of Short Circuit Report from DAPPER function

84

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Power system for must have a reliable and efficient protection scheme. Once fault occurred on the system, it must be isolated as quickly as possible. This action could minimize the effects on system stability and damage to plant. Referring to figure 1.1, when a fault occurred on the system, one of the relay should be operated. However, sometimes the relay that should be operated due to the fault does not work properly delay in operation or does not function at all. It might be due to the problems from the setting of the relay. Therefore, relay should be set properly to make it will function accordingly. So, related to the problem, the study will be focused to the setting and coordination of the relays that used in distribution system.

A
11kV 250MV A

Figure 1.1 Simple Circuits in Distribution System

1.2

OBJECTIVES

The main objective is to study how to setting the relay on the distribution network, under various fault location. Secondly is to improve the reliability and efficiency of power distribution by using optimum relay coordination. This project focused on the application of relay in a power distribution system.

1.3

SCOPE OF WORK

Research will be focused on relay setting and coordination in power distribution system. It involves in studying the characteristic of the relay, specification and function of the relay in power distribution system. Then, analyze the different setting of relay and the coordination using suitable software. For simulation, the single line diagram will be used to analyze the real system in distribution. From the analysis, the setting and

3 coordination of relay in distribution system will be developed. Figure 1.2 shows the Project Overview of this project.

Background knowledge of fault, relay and distribution network

Single line diagram from TNB for simulation

Relay setting, coordination, and characteristics

Computer simulation using suitable software

Repeat simulation with different setting and coordination of relay

Analyze and compare the simulation result to make conclusion

Figure 1.2 Project Overview

1.4

ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS

This thesis consists of five chapters. Each chapter will discuss the details about the particular topic. First chapter covers the introduction of the project and scope of work. This chapter highlights the overview of the project title and work flow of methodology.

The second chapter describes the theory and technical literature. This topic covered all the protection that used in distribution power system. The different types of relay also discussed in this topic. This project focuses more on inverse definite minimum times relay (IDMT) and the coordination concept in distribution system.

The software that used in setting and coordination of overcurrent relay was present in the third chapter. Two main functions from SKM Power Tools software namely, Distribution Analysis for Power Planning Evaluation and Reporting (DAPPER) and Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting (CAPTOR) were discussed in this chapter.

In the chapter four, presents the results of the study along with the discussions of results. The result from simulation give the setting and coordination of overcurrent relay in distribution system.

Finally, a conclusion and future recommendation of this project is present in chapter five. Appendices sections are included to assist in further understanding on the subject of this project.

CHAPTER 2

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

2.1

INTRODUCTION

Protection system for power system has been developed to minimize the damage and to make sure supply in safe condition, continuously and economically. Relay is one of the most important components in protection system. There is several kind of relay that each kind has own characteristic. A relay is device that makes a measurement or receives a signal that causes it to operate and to effect the operation of other equipment. It responds abnormal conditions in faulty section of the system with the minimum interruption of supply. The advantages of isolating a system fault as quickly as possible include safety for personnel and public, minimizing damage to plant and minimizing effects on system stability.

2.2

PROTECTION FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The distribution system need a protection to minimize the damage and to ensure supply is reliable and economically. Protection systems distinguish between the protections against overload currents, effect of short circuit current and excessive temperature rise. Protective system should provide reliability, selectivity, speed, economy and stability in power system.

2.3

PROTECTION DEVICES

There are three-protection device used in distribution system: 1. Fuse 2. Circuit breaker 3. Relay

2.3.1

Fuse

The fuse is a preliminary protective device. As the power capacity and voltage of electrical installations increase and their switching circuits become complicated, fuse protection become inadequate. This leads to the development of protective gears based on special, automatic device relays that are called protective relaying.

2.3.2

Circuit breaker

A circuit breaker is a device that is not designed for frequent operation, but is capable of making and breaking all currents including fault currents up to its relative high rated breaking capacity. One great advantage of circuit breakers is their speedy operation, comparatively speaking, on a small overloads and the considerable control of operating time under these conditions.

2.3.3

Relay

Relays are used to respond to the various functions of the power system quantities to protect against system hazards. A protection relay is devices that respond to fault conditions and give a signal for circuit breaker to operate and isolate the fault.

2.4

RELAYS

A relay is a device that makes a measurement or receives a signal, which causes it to operate and to effect the operation of other equipment. A protection relay is a device that responds to abnormal conditions in an electrical power system to operate a circuit breaker to disconnect the faulty section of the system with the minimum interruption of supply. Many designs of relay elements have been produced but these are based on a few basic operating principles. The great majority of electro-mechanical relays are in one of the following groups: 1. Induction relays

8 2. Attracted-armature relays 3. Moving-coil relays 4. Thermal relays 5. Timing relays 6. Static relays

2.4.1

Induction Relays

The induction relay is based on the domestic kilowatt-hour meter, which has a metal disc free to rotate between the poles of two electromagnets. Torque is produced by the interaction of upper electromagnet flux and eddy currents induced in the disc by the lower electromagnet flux, and vice versa. The torque produced is proportional to the product of upper and lower electromagnet fluxes and the sine of the angle between them. T a b sin A

This means that maximum torque is produced when the angles between the fluxes are 90 and as are proportional to Ia and Ib T Ia Ib sin A. Torque applied to a disc without control would, of course, continually accelerate the disc to a speed limited only by friction and windage. Control is provided in two ways:

1. By a permanent magnet whose field passes through the disc and produces a braking force proportional to disc speed. This controls the time characteristic of the relay. 2. By a control spring which produces a torque proportional to disc angular displacement. This controls disc speed at low values of torque and determines the relay setting.

9 Disc speed is dependent on torque and as disc travel over a fixed distance is inversely proportional to time, an inverse time characteristic is produced. Figure 2.1 shows the basic operational of induction relays. Typical applications: a) Wattmetric relay b) KVAr relay c) Phase-angle-compensated relay d) Overcurrent relay e) Over/under voltage relay

Figure 2.1 Induction relays

2.4.2

Attracted-armature relays

The attracted-armature relay comprises an iron-cored electromagnet, which attracts an armature, which is pivoted, hinged or otherwise supported to permit motion in the magnetic field. The magnetic circuit can be presented in a similar manner to an electric circuit, using magneto-motive force (m.m.f) in ampere-turns applied to the reluctance of the iron and air gap in seriesrepresented by resistance-which causes a flux to flow in the circuit. The permeability of the iron is much higher than that of air, which means that most of

10 the mmf will be used to magnetise the air gap. When the relay starts to operate, the length of the air gap, and therefore the reluctance, decreases which causes the flux, and the force, to increase. The effect of this in practical terms is that when the current in the coil reaches a value which produces sufficient force to move the armature-movement of the armature itself causes the flux and the operating forces to increase. So that once the armature moves it accelerates with increasing force until it is fully closed. This is the reason that contactors are very successful because once the contactor starts to move positive contact making is assured. In d.c. operated relays residual flux is a problem and may prevent release of the armature. In order to reduce it to alow value the armature should not bed entirely on both poles of the electromagnet in the closed position but should always have a non-magnetic stop, to ensure that there is a small air gap. In general attracted-armature relays are used: 1. As auxiliary repeat relays and for flag indicators. These are known as all-or-nothing relays. 2. As measuring relays where a drop-off/pick-up ratio of less than 90% can be tolerated. Typical applications: a) All-or-nothing relays b) Measuring relays

2.4.3

Moving-coil relays

The moving coil relay consists of a light coil which when energized moves in a strong permanent magnet field. The coil can either be pivoted between bearings as in the usual moving-coil instrument or suspended in the magnet field in the manner of the moving-coil. In both cases the movement very sensitive that is very little energy is required to produce operating force. The

11 forced produced is proportional to the product of the permanent magnet flux and the coil current. The axial relay is less sensitive but is very robust. It has the advantage of having no bearings but on the other hand is affected by gravity if the relay case is not correctly aligned on the panel. In general moving-coil relays are used: 1. Where a sensitive relay is required 2. To provide a high drop-off/pick up ratio 3. Where the relay can be subjected to a continuous overload of many times its setting 4. In high-speed protection schemes.

2.4.4

Thermal relays

These are relays in which the operating quantity generates heat in a resistance winding and so affects some temperature-sensitive component. Most protective relays of the thermal type are based upon the expansion of metal, a typical example being the use of bimetal material. Thermal relays are suitable for use as overload relays where good accuracy and a long time delay are required.

2.4.5

Timing relays

In some circumstances a time delay is required in conjunction with protection relays. These fall into three distinct groups: 1. Short-time relays 2. Medium-value accurate-time delays

12 3. Long time relays Design of the protective relays with certain certain principles as: a) Simplicity b) High operating force c) High contact pressure d) Contact circuit voltage e) Contact-making action f) Minimum size of wire g) Enclosures

2.4.6

Static relays

At the outset, change from electromechanical relays to static relays was very slow because of the relative costs. Since the cost of electronic relays became less than the cost of equivalent electromechanical relays the transition has been rapid and practically all-new installations are being equipped with electronic types. The electromechanical relay will be with us for many years to come and so are described not only for this reason but because the operation and application of the electronic equivalents will be more easily understood.

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2.5 REQUIREMENTS

Main characteristics of protective relaying equipment are sensitivity, selectivity, speed and reliability. Relaying equipment must be sufficiently sensitive to operate reliably when required under the actual conditions that produce a slight operating tendency. However, it should not operate in a wrong manner. The ability of the protective relay system to operate so as to trip only the minimum number of breakers directly controlling the defective part of the system is called selectivity of the relaying system. A protective relay must operate at the required speed and must be reliable. The speed at which relays and circuit breakers operate has a direct bearing on the quality of service to the consumer, stability of the system, and the amount of power that could be transmitted without endangering the life and equipment. The use of protective relays should be evaluated on the basis of its contribution to the best economy in service to consumers.

2.6 PROTECTIVE RELAY APPLICATION IN ELECTRICAL NETWORK

1. Phase overcurrent relay This relay is set to avoid operation on all of those normal conditions to which they may be subjected. 2. Ground overcurrent relays This relay is advantage of utilizing a current source that supplies little or no normal current to the relays. 3. Directional overcurrent relays. 4. Phase overcurrent relays. 5. Ground overcurrent relays.

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2.7

PROTECTIVE RELAYING

Protective relaying is the basic form of electrical automatic equipment and is indispensable for normal and dependable operation of modern power distribution systems. When a fault occurs, the protection detects and disconnects the faulty section from the system, acting on the circuit breakers for tripping. When an abnormal condition, protection detects and depending on the nature of disturbance, performs the necessary operations to restore the normal conditions or a tripping action to circuit breaker.

2.7.1

Applications Types There are two broad categories of protection; primary and backup. The

primary is the first line protection but some form of backup protection must be provided. There are two such forms; local and remote. Local backup protection is provided at the same location as the primary protection, whereas remote backup protection as the name implies, is applied at another switching station. An example of remote backup protection is the simple time graded relays as shown in figure 2.2. A fault at F1 would normally be seen first by relay R1 and isolated by the circuit breaker at R1. In the event of failure of the relay or associated equipment at R1, the fault would be isolated by the operation of the relay R2. Similarly, if a fault were at F2, in case the relay or allied equipment fails at R2, the fault would be cleared by relay R3.

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R3

R2 F2

R1 F1

Figure 2.2 Circuit of Time Graded Scheme

2.7.2

System

Successful application of protective gear involves thorough knowledge of the system to be protected and the method of its operation. The maximum and minimum fault levels for different types of faults occurring at different points of the system must be calculated. The maximum load current must be known to determine whether the ratio of the minimum fault current to maximum load currents is high enough to enable simple overcurrent operated relays to be used successfully.

16 2.7.3 Scheme

After the system details have been studied, a suitable protective scheme can be chosen. The choice depends on following factors. The protective scheme chosen will normally be supplied with samples of the system current and voltage by means of current and voltage transformers. The following are the common protection scheme used: a) Time-graded overcurrent protection This is based on the time/current principle of protection. b) Distance protection It serves the need for faster clearing times as the fault level increases and also because of the difficulty in grading time/overcurrent relays with the ever increasing number of switching stations creating more stage of protection. Normally applied for feeder protection of 66,110 and 132kV and above lines.

c) Differential protection It consists of pilot wire protection and is quick acting. Generally applied for transformers having capacity about 5-10MVA and above.

d) Restricted earth fault protection Normally used for winding of the transformer connected in star, where the neutral point is either solidly earthed or earthed through impedance. The relay used is of high impedance type to make the scheme stable for external faults.

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2.8 RELAY COORDINATION CONCEPT

2.8.1 Radial System

The specific protective relay as primary or backup is important in distribution system. When relay applied to protect its own system element it is thought of primary relay, when to backup other relays for fault at remote location, it is serving as backup relay. Providing both functions simultaneously; serving primary relay for its own zone protection and backup relay for remote zone of protection. The protective relay must be time-coordinated, so that the primary relay will always operate faster than the backup relay. So, the setting and coordination of the relay is the very important part to make sure which relay stands for primary and the other one for backup.

2.8.2

Ring System

To setting relay, the same method is used for both ring and radial system. However, the circuit must be opened, start at the source point to form a two radial circuit before setting the relay. First, followed the clockwise and system will form the relay as 5-4-3-2-1 by referring figure 2.3. The relay setting start with R1 and the concept same like radial system. Second, followed the anticlockwise and the system will form a radial circuit like e-d-c-b-a as shown below. The relay setting start with Ra and the coordination concept same like radial system. For time setting multiplier (TSM) value, set with minimum value for primary relay and increased for backup relay.

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Figure 2.3 Relay coordination concepts for ring system

2.9

OVERCURRENT RELAY

2.9.1

Overcurrent Protection

The overcurrent relay is probably the most straightforward type of protective relay. It monitors the current flowing in the phase conductor and therefore its operating level must be set above the normal healthy level of current in the circuit. It is important to realize that overcurrent relays are designed as fault detecting devices and should not be thought of as overload devices.

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2.9.2

Overcurrent IDMT Type Relays

The overcurrent relay, which gives inverse definite minimum time characteristics essentially, consists of an ac metre mechanism modified to give the required characteristics. The upper electromagnet has two windings. One is connected to the CT in line for the equipment to be protected and is tapped at intervals. The tappings are connected to a plug setting bridge by which the number of turns in use can be adjusted, thus giving the desired current setting. The second winding is energized by induction from the primary and is connected to the winding of the lower electromagnet. The disc spindle carries a moving contact which bridges two fixed contacts when the disc has rotated through an angle, which can be adjusted to give any desired time setting.

2.10 OVERCURRENT SCHEMES

2.10.1 Shortcomings

The inherent shortcomings of overcurrent schemes are: a. Inability to distinguish between operating conditions at maximum generation and fault conditions at minimum generation. b. Comparatively large fault clearing time involved in clearing the faults. c. Increased settings at the generating ends in order to provide suitable discrimination times between sections.

20 2.10.2 Overcurrent Relay in a Distribution System

The application of overcurrent relays in a system is not simple and requires a thorough checking of the other components for coordination within the system for reliable protection. To ensuring proper protection in distribution system, the following steps are involved. A single line diagram of the system is drawn with various elements, such as bus bars, transformers, CTs ratio marked so that a clear picture is obtained of the system. Information of the relays used and all the settings must collect and recorded. Current settings are tentatively decided next to allow maximum full load currents continuously.

2.11

TIME GRADED OVERCURRENT PROTECTION

The principle electromechanical relay used for this application is the inverse-time relay that is an induction relay in which torque is proportional to I2. This relay has a range of current settings, usually 50% to 200% of nominal current in 25% steps. The setting is generally selected by the position of a plug in a plug bridge, which determines the number of active turns on the operating coil and therefore the current setting. The relay operating time can also be varied. At the maximum time setting the disc has to travel through 180 before contact is made. By moving the disc reset position closer to the contact-making position the operating time can be reduced. There is an adjuster, known as the multiplier, with a calibrated scale of 0.1 to 1.0, which is used to set, the disc reset position. The standard relay has a characteristic: T = 3(logM)-1 or 3/ log M

21 Where, M is the multiple of setting. This type of relay is known as the Inverse Definite-Minimum Time (IDMT) relay.

2.11.1 Settings

When determining a setting for an IDMT relay a number of allowances made by BS142 must be taken into account. BS142 states that the relay must definitely operate at 130% setting. Modern electromechanical relays have a reset figure of 90% and a operate figure of 110%. These affect the choice of plug setting in two ways: 1. Under normal full-load conditions, the relay occupies the fully reset position 2. Plug setting should be chosen so that the overload current does not exceed 1.1 times the setting. The current setting can be adjusted in 5% steps which allow a much closer setting than that which is possible with the 25% steps associated with electromechanical relays. If the relay which should operate first was given a current setting higher than the following relay, at lower values of current discrimination may result. Therefore the general rule is that the current setting of a relay nearer the source must always be the same or higher than the setting of the preceding relay.

2.11.2 Time-multiplier setting

There are four factors which affect the discrimination period between relays. 1. A variation from the ideal characteristic curve for which an error in time of 0.1s is used for calculation purposes.

22 2. Overshoot, disc movement after the removal of current. 3. Circuit breaker operating time, 0.15s is allowed. 4. Contact gap. To ensure that a relay still has a short distance to travel when the fault is cleared by the relay with which it is discriminating. The minimum discrimination period of 0.4s is the time interval between relay operations at the maximum fault level. Figure 2.4 shows the standard IDMT current-time characteristic of different value Time Setting Multiplier. The vertical axis of current-time graph is Time Setting multiplier and horizontal axis is Plug Setting Multiplier.

Figure 2.4 Standard IDMT current-time characteristic

CHAPTER 3

SOFTWARE

3.1

INTRODUCTION

This project used SKM Power Tools for Windows for simulation part. Two functions, Distribution Analysis for Power Planning Evaluation and Reporting (DAPPER) and Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting (CAPTOR) are used to setting and coordination of overcurrent relay. The simulation used real data such as bus voltage, load demand, and nominal transformer rating, which are taken from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Distribution. Figure 3.4 shows the single line diagram of UTM Distribution used in this project. For simulation using SKM Power Tools, the whole system was dividing into 2 zones. This will make the coordination work easier and systematic.

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3.2

SKM Power Tools for Windows

SKM Power Tools for Windows is used to model and analyze power system and coordinate protective relays. SKM Power Tools is electrical engineering analysis software developed by SKM Systems Analysis. SKM also provides several analysis and simulation with the functions of report and graph generating automatically. The several purposes are: 1. Power Systems designing/modeling 2. Short circuit test and fault analysis 3. Load flow and demand load current analysis 4. Time current coordination for protection system 5. Harmonic analysis 6. Motor starting analysis 7. Transient stability simulation Two main functions from SKM Power Tools will be used in the simulation, namely Distribution Analysis for Power Planning Evaluation and Reporting (DAPPER) and Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting (CAPTOR).

3.2.1

DAPPER (Distribution Analysis for Power Planning Evaluation and Reporting)

This function is used to analyze and modeling power system with balance system studies including load flow, demand load and power system fault. Start with modeling the single line diagram and enter all the required data for the component that been used in the system. After modeling, run the balance system and all the result will be listed down in report function. Results will be used for other studies such as relay setting and coordination.

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Component editor Component Editor is a dialog box that lets you easily add, edit, copy, and delete system components in a convenient list format. Automatically generate one-line diagrams from system data entered through the Component Editor. Equipment list expands to show connections between system components allowing easy navigation. Sort devices by type, or run queries to list equipment according to your own criteria such as component type, voltage drop limits, voltage range, group association, etc. Figure 3.1 shows the component editor function used in SKM to modeling the single line power system.

Figure 3.1 Component editor function

Libraries Save Time, Automate Data Entry, and Standardize Designs User-definable libraries for cables, transformers, loads, motors and protective devices ensure consistency and minimize data entry. Customize libraries to precisely model equipment from the manufacturers published data. Switch libraries within a single project to rapidly evaluate what if scenarios. Extensive default libraries can be applied directly to any project. Advanced libraries for sub-transient level generator and

26 motor models, user-definable governors, exciters, power system stabilizers, frequencysensitive loads, protective devices, harmonic sources, reliability failure rates, DC components, and transmission line configurations.

3.2.2 CAPTOR (Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting)

This function is used for coordination the protective devices. CAPTOR allows us to change the setting for protective devices and plot the current-time graph automatically. The current-time coordination report shows the information of device setting, operating time and fault duty of the relay. Appendix A shows the example of CAPTOR Report.

3.3

SKM in Relay Coordination

There are four major steps for setting and coordination of overcurrent relay in distribution system in order to design good protection system. 1. Modeling 2. Simulation and analysis 3. Coordination 4. Evaluation

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3.3.1 Modeling

Start with modeling the single line diagram based on real diagram. Select the components in software library that categorized by function and specification. Based on the real data of the component, components rating will be set in Component Editor.

3.3.2

Simulation and analysis

After modeling the system, run the model to get basic data such as fault current and load flow. To run the system, select the balanced system studies function. The output report will generate automatically for each studies for review. The examples of balanced system study setup are demand load (dl.rpt), load flow (lf.rpt) and short circuit (sc.rpt) shown in Appendix E and Appendix F.

3.3.3 Coordination

After running the balanced system studies, the simulations continue with coordination part. In order to do that, data like fault current and demand load must be obtained in advanced. To start the coordination, select the specific component in single line diagram, and then press the right click mouse. Select the TCC drawing and as a result, the current-time graph will be plotted together with component curve. The voltage and fault current that applied to component are shown in component setting. From the voltage and fault current data, the setting and coordination for overcurrent relay can be done. The series rating must be filled with a value that larger than fault current. Series rating is the value of current rating multiple with instantaneous value. So that, the specified device can operates within the current range. The current transformer

28 ratio and relay setting can be found in setting section. The value of current transformer ratio should be referring to demand load of that components, normally set higher than demand current. Relay setting- (Tap, Standard Inverse, and Instantaneous) will make the curve and operating time of relay change depend on that value. Adder/Shifter has to be set to find out the operating time of protection devices. Figure 3.4 shows the relay adder, shifter, and calibration points function. The value of adder/shifter should refer to Instantaneous.

Figure 3.2 Relay adder, shifter, and calibration points function.

3.3.4

Evaluation

The TCC report includes the device setting, fault duty, voltage and operating time. The report is generating automatically, choose the report function to see all the report data. Coordination of protection devices can be evaluated by referring to TCC report and checking the relay operating time. TCC also give the information about functionality of protection system. There are four setting used in this report: 1. Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) is the Standard Inverse

29 2. Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) is the Instantaneous 3. Relay Operating Time (ROT) is the Test Point in TCC report 4. RCOT is ROT/TSM Figure 3.5 shows the example settings of IDMT overcurrent relay.

Figure 3.3 Setting of IDMT overcurrent relay

30

Figure 3.4 Single Line Diagram of UTM Power Distribution [7]

CHAPTER 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1

Introduction

This chapter presents the simulation results of setting and coordination of overcurrent relay in UTM distribution system. Start with modeling the single line using DAPPER in SKM Power Tools and enter the real components rating. Then, run the balanced system studies to get the data like load flow, short circuit current and demand load. To setting and coordinate the overcurrent relays, used the CAPTOR TCC function for each relay and the current-time graph will be plotted automatically. Finally, go to the TCC report function to generate the CAPTOR TCC report that shown in Appendix A. Figure 4.1 shows the single line diagram for Zon 1 that used in simulation part. For simulation using SKM Power Tools, the whole system was dividing into 2 zones, Zon 1 and Zon 2. This will make the coordination work easier and systematic.

32 4.2 RESULT OF SIMULATION FOR ZON 1

22kV PMU
R7 R14

R13

R1 R6 R17 R18 R8 R12

R15

R2 R27 R21

R16 R5 R11 R9 R3 R19 R20 R26 R22 R10 R4

R23

R24

R25

Figure 4.1 Single line diagram of UTMs distribution for ZON 1 [7]

33

Figure 4.2 shows the single line for Zon 1, UTM that modeling in DAPPER functions. All the components rating must be correct to make sure the system working properly.

Figure 4.3 shows the current-time graph for Zon1, UTM. From the graph, the coordination of the relay will be obtained. For example, R21, R22 and R27 will be work as primary relay because the curve was plotted at minimum operating time. But, R13 and R14 will be work as back-up relay because the curve was plotted at maximum operating time.

Figure 4.4 shows the current-time graphs for different setting of TSM in Zon 1, UTM. Compare the graph from figure 4.3; the curve of selected relay was plotted at different operating time because the different setting of Time Setting Multiplier. Figure 4.4 shows when the TSM increased, the operating time of relay also increased.

34

Figure 4.2 Single line diagrams for Zon 1, UTM using SKM Power Tools [7]

35

Figure 4.3 Current-time graphs for Zon 1, UTM

36

Figure 4.4 Current-time graphs for different setting of TSM in Zon 1, UTM

37

4.2.1

Result for overcurrent relay setting in Zon 1, UTM

Table 4.1 shows the setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 1, UTM. A relay setting like PSM, TSM, ROT and RCOT was shown in this table. The different value of Relay Operating Time (ROT) depends on the setting of Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and Time Setting Multiplier (TSM). For example, the setting of PSM for relay R1 is 18 and setting of TSM is 0.1. Then, the relay will take 0.235s to send the signal to circuit breaker to operate. This time is called as Relay Operating Time (ROT).

Table 4.1 Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 1, UTM

Relay R1

Setting PSM RCOT TSM ROT

Result 18 2.35 0.1 0.235s 18 2.355 0.2 0.471s 18 2.353 0.3 0.706s 18 2.353 0.4 0.941s

R2

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R3

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R4

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

38 R5 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R6 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R7 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R8 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R9 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R10 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R11 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R12 PSM RCOT TSM 18 2.353 0.45 1.059s 11 2.85 0.5 1.425s 11 2.85 0.6 1.710s 18 2.35 0.1 0.235s 18 2.355 0.2 0.471s 18 2.353 0.3 0.706s 18 2.353 0.4 0.941s 18 2.353 0.45

39 ROT R13 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R14 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R15 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R16 PSM RCOT TSM ROT 1.059s 11 2.85 0.5 1.425s 11 2.85 0.6 1.710s 18 2.352 0.25 0.588s 18 2.353 0.3 0.706s

40

4.2.2

Different setting of Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) in Zon 1, UTM

Meanwhile, results for different setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 1 are shown in Table 4.2. A relay setting like PSM, TSM, ROT and RCOT was shown in this table. The different value of Relay Operating Time (ROT) depends on the setting of Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and Time Setting Multiplier (TSM). Different setting of Time Setting Multiplier was conduct to see the relation between Time Setting Multiplier and Relay Operating Time. From the result, when the TSM value is minimum (0.1), the operating time of relay will be the minimum value. That means, the operating time of relay depends on the setting of TSM value. For example, the setting of PSM for relay R27 is 27 and setting of TSM is 0.1. Then, the relay will take 0.205s to send the signal to circuit breaker to operate. This time is called as Relay Operating Time (ROT). But, when the TSM is 0.5 the relay will take 1.027s to send the signal to circuit breaker.

Table 4.2 Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 1, UTM (different setting of TSM)

Relay R17

Setting PSM RCOT TSM ROT

Result 1 30 1.99 0.1 0.199s 30 1.99 0.1 0.199s 30 1.99 0.1 0.199s 30

Result 2 30 1.988 0.5 0.994s 30 1.988 0.5 0.994s 30 1.988 0.5 0.994s 30

R18

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R19

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R20

PSM

41 RCOT TSM ROT R21 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R22 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R23 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R24 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R25 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R26 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R27 PSM RCOT TSM ROT 1.99 0.1 0.199s 27 2.05 0.2 0.205s 27 2.05 0.1 0.205s 30 1.99 0.1 0.199s 30 1.99 0.1 0.199s 30 1.99 0.1 0.199s 27 2.05 0.1 0.205s 27 2.05 0.1 0.205s 1.988 0.5 0.994s 27 2.054 0.5 1.027s 27 2.054 0.5 1.027s 30 1.988 0.5 0.994s 30 1.988 0.5 0.994s 30 1.988 0.5 0.994s 27 2.054 0.5 1.027s 27 2.054 0.5 1.027s

42 4.3 RESULT OF SIMULATION FOR ZON 2

22kV PMU
R11 R22

R21 R10 R1

R12 R23 R24 R20 R35 R2 R9

R19 R25 R26 R15 R3 R14 R30 R6 R18 R27 R16 R4 R32 R17 R28 R5 R31 R7

R13

R8

R34

R33

R29

Figure 4.5 Single line diagram of UTMs distribution for ZON 2 [7]

43

Figure 4.6 shows the single line for Zon 2, UTM that modeling in DAPPER functions. All the components rating must be correct to make sure the system working properly.

Figure 4.7 shows the current-time graph for Zon 2, UTM. From the graph, the coordination of the relay will be obtained. For example, R27, R28 and R29 will be work as primary relay because the curve was plotted at minimum operating time. But, R10 and R11 will be work as back-up relay because the curve was plotted at maximum operating time.

Figure 4.8 shows the current-time graphs for different setting of TSM in Zon 2, UTM. Compare the graph from figure 4.7; the curve of selected relay was plotted at different operating time because the different setting of Time Setting Multiplier. Figure 4.8 shows when the TSM increased, the operating time of relay also increased.

44

Figure 4.6 Single line diagrams for Zon 2, UTM using SKM Power Tools [7]

45

Figure 4.7 Current-time graphs for Zon 2, UTM

46

Figure 4.8 Current-time graphs for different setting of TSM in Zon 2, UTM

47 4.3.1 Result for overcurrent relay setting in Zon 2, UTM

Table 4.3 shows the setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 2, UTM. A relay setting like PSM, TSM, ROT and RCOT was shown in this table. The different value of Relay Operating Time (ROT) depends on the setting of Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and Time Setting Multiplier (TSM). For example, the setting of PSM for relay R22 is 11 and setting of TSM is 0.9. Then, the relay will take 2.565s to send the signal to circuit breaker to operate. This time is called as Relay Operating Time (ROT).

Table 4.3 Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 2, UTM

Relay R1

Setting PSM RCOT TSM ROT

Result 11 2.85 0.1 0.285s 11 2.85 0.2 0.570s 11 2.85 0.3 0.855s 11 2.849 0.35 0.997s 11 2.85

R2

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R3

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R4

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R5

PSM RCOT

48 TSM ROT R6 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R7 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R8 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R9 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R10 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R11 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R12 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R13 PSM 0.4 1.140s 11 2.849 0.45 1.282s 11 2.85 0.5 1.425s 11 2.85 0.6 1.710s 11 2.85 0.7 1.995s 11 2.85 0.8 2.820s 11 2.85 0.9 2.565s 11 2.85 0.1 0.285s 11

49 RCOT TSM ROT R14 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R15 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R16 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R17 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R18 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R19 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R20 PSM RCOT TSM ROT 2.85 0.2 0.570s 11 2.85 0.3 0.855s 11 2.849 0.35 0.997s 11 2.85 0.4 1.140s 11 2.849 0.45 1.282s 11 2.85 0.5 1.425s 11 2.85 0.6 1.710s 11 2.85 0.7 1.995s

50 R21 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R22 PSM RCOT TSM ROT 11 2.85 0.8 2.280s 11 2.85 0.9 2.565s

4.3.2

Different setting of Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) in Zon 2, UTM

Table 4.4 shows the different setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 2, UTM. A relay setting like PSM, TSM, ROT and RCOT are shown in this table. The different value of Relay Operating Time (ROT) depends on the setting of Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) and Time Setting Multiplier (TSM). Different setting of Time Setting Multiplier was conduct to see the relation between Time Setting Multiplier and Relay Operating Time. From the result, when the TSM value is minimum (0.1), the operating time of relay will be the minimum value. That means, the operating time of relay depends on the setting of TSM value. For example, the setting of PSM for relay R35 is 25 and setting of TSM is 0.1. Then, the relay will take 0.211s to send the signal to circuit breaker to operate. This time is called as Relay Operating Time (ROT). But, when the TSM is 0.5 the relay will take 1.053s to send the signal to circuit breaker.

51

Table 4.4 Setting of overcurrent relay in Zon 2, UTM (different setting of TSM)

Relay R23

Setting PSM RCOT TSM ROT

Result 1 15 2.52 0.1 0.252s 15 2.52 0.1 0.252s 18 2.35 0.1 0.235s 18 2.35 0.1 0.235s 25 2.11 0.1 0.211s 16 2.46 0.1 0.246s 25 2.11 0.1

Result 2 15 2.515 0.4 1.006s 15 2.515 0.4 1.006s 18 2.353 0.3 0.706s 18 2.353 0.3 0.706s 25 2.106 0.5 1.053s 16 2.456 0.5 1.228s 25 2.104 0.25

R24

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R25

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R26

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R27

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R28

PSM RCOT TSM ROT

R29

PSM RCOT TSM

52 ROT R30 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R31 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R32 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R33 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R34 PSM RCOT TSM ROT R35 PSM RCOT TSM ROT 0.211s 16 2.46 0.1 0.246s 25 2.11 0.1 0.211s 19 2.31 0.1 0.231s 19 2.31 0.1 0.231s 25 2.11 0.1 0.211s 25 2.11 0.1 0.211s 0.526s 16 2.456 0.25 0.614s 25 2.105 0.4 0.842s 19 2.307 0.3 0.692s 19 2.308 0.5 1.154s 25 2.104 0.45 0.947s 25 2.106 0.5 1.053s

53

4.3

DISCUSSION Based on the result, it is observed that the Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) was set

to 0.1 for primary relay and the delay time for backup relay is 0.5s. The setting of relay can be adjusted from the TCC graph in order to determine the right setting and coordination. For relay setting, Tap will set the starting operate time for relay and it will move the curve vertically. Standard inverse will influence the real operating time (ROT) as it is the time setting multiplier. The standard inverse also will move the curve vertically in the current-time graph. Instantaneous is plug setting multiplier (PSM) it will control the operating range of relay and can extend the curve in TCC graph. For the different setting of TSM, the lower value of TSM will make the relay work as primary relay. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, and Appendix D shows CAPTOR TCC report for single line diagram in UTMs distribution. The setting value of overcurrent relay such as Plug Setting Multiplier, Time Setting Multiplier, Tap, and Current Rating will be checked by referring this CAPTOR Report.

Overcurrent relays are added to protect the system and relay coordination can be done. For a huge system, separate the whole system to several zones according to bus voltage. This will make the setting and coordination work much easier and systematic.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1

CONCLUSION

For the conclusion, the main objective to setting and coordinate the overcurrent relay types IDMT for power distribution system are obtained. The setting and coordination of relay has been done for radial and ring system. The current-time graph for each relays that used in distribution system was automatically plotted by CAPTOR TCC function. The Relay Operating Time depends on the setting of PSM and TSM value. The effect of increasing Time Setting Multiplier is to increase the Relay Operating Time.

55

5.2

RECOMMENDATIONS

There are some recommendations for further study in this topic: 1. Used different types of relays such as directional overcurrent relay, earth fault protection and others. Some distribution system used different types of relay like earth fault relay and directional overcurrent relay. The different types of relay can be used to compare the operating time at different setting of relays. 2. Combined all the protection system for distribution system and transmission system. For transmission system, the protection that applied was different with distribution system. So, if distribution and transmission system was combined, we should get the different setting and coordination according to the system.

56

REFERENCES

[1] [2]

Mohd Zin, A.A., Kejuruteraan Sistem Kuasa, Edisi Kedua, UTM, 2007 Davies, T., Protection of Industrial Power Systems, Second Edition, Newnes, 1996

[3]

Alberto J.Urdaneta, Luis G. Perez (1999), Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relay considering Definite Time Backup Relaying, Venezuela: Universidad Simon Bolivar.

[4] [5]

Pabla, A. S., Electic Power Distribution, McGraw-Hill, 2005 A.R. Van C. Warrington, Protective Relays: Theory and Practice, Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1968.

[6] [7]

SKM Power Tools for Windows Manual & www.skm.com Single Line Diagram of 22kV Distribution Substation UTM, Pejabat Harta Bina UTM Skudai, 2007.

[8]

Ravindranath, B. and Chander, M., Power System Protection and Switchgear, John Wiley & Sons, 1987

57 APPENDIX A

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 1, UTM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Apr 15, 2008 15:11:08 Page 1 Project Name: zon1 TCC Name: latest.tcc Reference Voltage: 22000 V Current Scale: X 10^0 TCC Notes: TCC Comment: Fault Duty Option: Study Result - Bus Fault Current ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALL INFORMATION PRESENTED IS FOR REVIEW, APPROVAL, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION BY A REGISTERED ENGINEER ONLY. SKM DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY RESULTING FROM THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS SOFTWARE. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CAPTOR (Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting) COPYRIGHT SKM SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, INC. 1983-2006 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-7 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-1 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5248.6A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.710s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.6 @8.0X, 1.978s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @5.0X, 2.568s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-13 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE02 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5239.1A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.425s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @5.0X, 2.140s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 5.015s

58 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-17 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-3 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29658.6A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-18 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-3 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29658.6A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-1 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE02 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5239.1A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.235s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-12 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE03 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5228.9A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 1.059s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.45 @15.0X, 1.132s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 1.337s

59 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-15 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE03 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5228.9A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.588s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.25 @5.0X, 1.070s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @2.0X, 2.507s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-16 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE17 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5217.8A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.706s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @15.0X, 0.755s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 0.891s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-19 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-15 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29643.9A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-20 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-15 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29643.9A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s

60 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-21 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-5 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 8085.0A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @27.0X, 0.205s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 27 (8100A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-2 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE03 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5228.9A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.471s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.2 @15.0X, 0.503s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 0.594s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-11 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE04 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5223.6A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.941s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @10.0X, 1.188s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @2.0X, 4.012s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-22 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-7 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 8084.7A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.211s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 27 (8100A) @10.0X, 0.297s

61 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-3 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE04 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5223.6A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.706s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @10.0X, 0.891s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @5.0X, 1.284s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-10 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE05 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5223.6A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.706s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @15.0X, 0.755s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 0.891s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-23 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-9 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29648.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-24 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-9 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29648.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s

62

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-25 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-9 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29648.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.199s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @20.0X, 0.227s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-4 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE05 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5223.6A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.941s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @15.0X, 1.006s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 1.188s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-9 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE06 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5228.9A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.471s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.2 @15.0X, 0.503s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 0.594s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-26 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-11 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 15693.2A Current Rating: 600A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (600A) Test Points: @27.0X, 0.205s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 27 (16200A) @10.0X, 0.297s

63 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-5 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE06 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5228.9A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 1.059s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.45 @15.0X, 1.132s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 1.337s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-8 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE07 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5235.1A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.235s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 18 (5400A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-27 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-13 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 8085.3A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @27.0X, 0.205s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 27 (8100A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-6 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE07 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5235.1A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.425s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @5.0X, 2.140s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 5.015s

64 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-14 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-1 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5248.6A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.710s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.6 @5.0X, 2.568s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 6.017s

65 APPENDIX B

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 1, UTM (Different setting of TSM) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Apr 15, 2008 15:36:19 Page 1 Project Name: zon1 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Reference Voltage: 433 V Current Scale: X 10^0 TCC Notes: TCC Comment: Fault Duty Option: Study Result - Bus Fault Current ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALL INFORMATION PRESENTED IS FOR REVIEW, APPROVAL, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION BY A REGISTERED ENGINEER ONLY. SKM DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY RESULTING FROM THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS SOFTWARE. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CAPTOR (Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting) COPYRIGHT SKM SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, INC. 1983-2006 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-17 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-3 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29658.6A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-18 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-3 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29658.6A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s

66

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-19 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-15 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29643.9A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-20 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-15 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29643.9A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-21 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-5 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 8085.0A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @27.0X, 1.027s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @15.0X, 1.258s 3) INST 27 (8100A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-22 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-7 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 8084.7A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @25.0X, 1.053s

67 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 3) INST 27 (8100A) @15.0X, 1.258s @10.0X, 1.485s

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-23 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-9 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29648.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-24 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-9 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29648.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-25 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-9 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29648.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @30.0X, 0.994s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @20.0X, 1.134s 3) INST 30 (30000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-26 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-11 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 15693.2A Current Rating: 600A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (600A) Test Points: @27.0X, 1.027s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @15.0X, 1.258s

68 3) INST 27 (16200A) @10.0X, 1.485s

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-27 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-13 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 8085.3A Current Rating: 300A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (300A) Test Points: @27.0X, 1.027s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @15.0X, 1.258s 3) INST 27 (8100A) @10.0X, 1.485s

69 APPENDIX C

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 2, UTM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Apr 15, 2008 16:06:58 Page 1 Project Name: zon2 TCC Name: latest.tcc Reference Voltage: 22000 V Current Scale: X 10^0 TCC Notes: TCC Comment: Fault Duty Option: Study Result - Bus Fault Current ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALL INFORMATION PRESENTED IS FOR REVIEW, APPROVAL, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION BY A REGISTERED ENGINEER ONLY. SKM DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY RESULTING FROM THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS SOFTWARE. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CAPTOR (Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting) COPYRIGHT SKM SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, INC. 1983-2006 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-11 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0001 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5248.6A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 2.565s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.9 @5.0X, 3.852s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 9.026s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-21 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE08 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5231.9A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 2.280s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.8 @5.0X, 3.424s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 8.023s

70

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-23 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0003 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29654.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @15.0X, 0.252s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 15 (30000A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-24 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0003 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29654.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @15.0X, 0.252s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 15 (30000A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-1 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE08 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5231.9A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.285s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-20 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE09 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5223.9A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.995s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.7 @5.0X, 2.996s

71 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 7.020s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-25 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0007 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 34629.8A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.235s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 18 (36000A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-26 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0007 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 34629.8A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.235s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 18 (36000A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-2 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE09 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5223.9A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.570s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.2 @5.0X, 0.856s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 2.006s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-19 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-34 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5216.5A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.710s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.6 @5.0X, 2.568s

72 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 6.017s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-27 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0011 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24243.2A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.211s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-3 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-34 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5216.5A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.855s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @5.0X, 1.284s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 3.009s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-18 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-26 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5212.5A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.425s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @5.0X, 2.140s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 5.015s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-28 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0014 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 15690.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @16.0X, 0.246s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s

73 3) INST 16 (16000A) @2.0X, 1.003s

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-4 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-26 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5212.5A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.997s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.35 @5.0X, 1.498s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 3.510s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-17 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-10 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5210.6A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.282s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.45 @5.0X, 1.926s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 4.513s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-29 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0017 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24240.5A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.211s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-5 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-10 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5210.6A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.140s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @5.0X, 1.712s

74 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 4.012s

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-16 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-36 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5210.7A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.140s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @5.0X, 1.712s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 4.012s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-6 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-36 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5210.7A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.282s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.45 @5.0X, 1.926s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 4.513s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-15 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-11 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5213.7A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.997s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.35 @5.0X, 1.498s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 3.510s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-30 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0021 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 15689.7A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @16.0X, 0.246s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 16 (16000A) @2.0X, 1.003s

75

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-31 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0024 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24241.8A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.211s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-7 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-11 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5213.7A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.425s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @5.0X, 2.140s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 5.015s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-14 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-38 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5219.4A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.855s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @5.0X, 1.284s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 3.009s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-32 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0027 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 37281.3A Current Rating: 2000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (2000A) Test Points: @19.0X, 0.231s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 19 (38000A) @10.0X, 0.297s

76

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-33 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0027 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 37281.3A Current Rating: 2000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (2000A) Test Points: @19.0X, 0.231s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 19 (38000A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-8 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-38 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5219.4A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.710s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.6 @5.0X, 2.568s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 6.017s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-13 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-12 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5226.7A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.570s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.2 @5.0X, 0.856s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 2.006s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-34 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0031 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24247.7A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.211s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s

77 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-9 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-12 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5226.7A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 1.995s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.7 @5.0X, 2.996s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 7.020s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-12 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-13 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5235.2A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 0.285s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @5.0X, 0.428s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 1.003s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-35 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0034 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24251.5A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.211s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.1 @15.0X, 0.252s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 0.297s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-10 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: PE-13 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5235.2A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 2.280s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.8 @5.0X, 3.424s

78 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 8.023s

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-22 TCC Name: latest.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0001 Bus Voltage: 22000.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 5248.6A Current Rating: 500A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (500A) Test Points: @11.0X, 2.565s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.9 @5.0X, 3.852s 3) INST 11 (5500A) @2.0X, 9.026s

79 APPENDIX D

CAPTOR TCC Report for Single Line Zon 2, UTM (Different setting of TSM) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Apr 15, 2008 15:56:45 Page 1 Project Name: zon2 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Reference Voltage: 433 V Current Scale: X 10^0 TCC Notes: TCC Comment: Fault Duty Option: Study Result - Bus Fault Current ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALL INFORMATION PRESENTED IS FOR REVIEW, APPROVAL, INTERPRETATION, AND APPLICATION BY A REGISTERED ENGINEER ONLY. SKM DISCLAIMS ANY RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY RESULTING FROM THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF THIS SOFTWARE. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CAPTOR (Computer Aided Plotting for Time Overcurrent Reporting) COPYRIGHT SKM SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, INC. 1983-2006 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-23 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0003 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29654.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @15.0X, 1.006s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @5.0X, 1.712s 3) INST 15 (30000A) @2.0X, 4.012s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-24 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0003 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 29654.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @15.0X, 1.006s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @5.0X, 1.712s 3) INST 15 (30000A) @2.0X, 4.012s

80 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-25 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0007 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 34629.8A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.706s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @5.0X, 1.284s 3) INST 18 (36000A) @2.0X, 3.009s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-26 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0007 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 34629.8A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 2 (2000A) Test Points: @18.0X, 0.706s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @5.0X, 1.284s 3) INST 18 (36000A) @2.0X, 3.009s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-27 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0011 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24243.2A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 1.053s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @15.0X, 1.258s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 1.485s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-28 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0014 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 15690.1A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @16.0X, 1.228s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @5.0X, 2.140s 3) INST 16 (16000A) @2.0X, 5.015s

81

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-29 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0017 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24240.5A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.526s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.25 @15.0X, 0.629s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 0.743s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-30 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0021 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 15689.7A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @16.0X, 0.614s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.25 @5.0X, 1.070s 3) INST 16 (16000A) @2.0X, 2.507s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-31 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0024 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24241.8A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.842s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.4 @15.0X, 1.006s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 1.188s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-32 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0027 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 37281.3A Current Rating: 2000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (2000A) Test Points: @19.0X, 0.692s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.3 @15.0X, 0.755s 3) INST 19 (38000A) @10.0X, 0.891s

82

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-33 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0027 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 37281.3A Current Rating: 2000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (2000A) Test Points: @19.0X, 1.154s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @5.0X, 2.140s 3) INST 19 (38000A) @2.0X, 5.015s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-34 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0031 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24247.7A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 0.947s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.45 @15.0X, 1.132s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 1.337s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Device Name: R-35 TCC Name: diffsetting.tcc Bus Name: BUS-0034 Bus Voltage: 433.0V Function Name: Phase Manufacturer: GEC Description: In=5A Sub Type: MCGG 22, 42, 52, 53, 62, 63, 82 Class Description:MCGG AIC Rating: N/A Fault Duty: 24251.5A Current Rating: 1000A / 5A Curve Multiplier: 1 Setting: 1) Tap, Is 1 (1000A) Test Points: @25.0X, 1.053s 2) [S] Standard Inverse 0.5 @15.0X, 1.258s 3) INST 25 (25000A) @10.0X, 1.485s

83 APPENDIX E

Example of demand load report from DAPPER function.

84 APPENDIX F

Example of short circuit report from DAPPER function.