高等渗流力学

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Advanced Mechanics of Fluids in Porous Media
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MIJ N"i B'J l!lt.!ii , ~ flJ Jll i'r 1' !It .<'l ;(EJl;-tuf<flrrt b1J lo< ttftn lo ol J!li !ti: B'J Ci! IOJ(lL'!:t;J'> 1li< <f, v,p l/E
$:iiE'EJIJ, tE11i-F!J;Q1liJ;K>lf >\ <RPfft!!L'i!f"):'ltf~! 'f, -1'~tu(lL"f ,~,pB'J.\\\ ,;(Etliiiif
-Ht!BJ t B'Jiftl!fciTJ!lt:B'J 31';J'>!iil/E'/l'ff.;.RP
1. 4. 2. 2
-=
.-r(~,17.~',1)
)' = ~y(i;,r,r,,,t)J
(].4.8)
= z(~,r;,,,t)
r = r(~,t)
(1. 4, 9)
Jll'.xU\;$:lf :IHlll Xl!!ilt.\\\ B'J i~ illJ ~;@' 'Xtllil Xi! B'J ".l:.5'\:f\;;,l!;if :t.Mi Xi!);\,;\\ 1E t atli11 ?JiJdoB'J lftl!1.
Bf I~ l:'f\iiTIJ jj\'Eif PJifi' i!l!."1f!'l3"i#J,
lll: iii' & if*'&' Jilt
<~ f<x,y,z,t) I
r;
11(x,y,z,t>[
(!. 4. !OJ
~ = '(x,y,z,t)
i;~i;c,,t)
(1.4.lll
El. '1ii l/ICi'i''IE ~i 1\:7} ilif &J!!ltl'f!l\ Jacobi r59~ 'fl:; J ;i; '.l'r~, ,Ii; 'i' J JE Si. '9
Jx/r;; Jx/if1
J~~\e'.~:[i ~
Jx/~
ay/d< ay/iP/ ay/3'
dz/a.;
Jz/ar;
(1.
4. 12)
Jz/t(
J;l:~-<f.v.c.1)WT'fiiliB<Ji'rW*tt~M~
{t1l'/ (lL'lit 17i Jl!, j!!; ffJjl%J..~iJ l!li,\'l fjzi!tf!'I !i2 !$ <, ~, Cfll t IJ>fffi!I\ lilJ 8 ;J'> j;f,'lit!fWJ !It;!!, jji,
t. 4. 2. 3 jllj'f'!>'il!iif911ill:!i!ll!!l
&ffi: J~ "- !'J $:) :lrlii fll ffi: lll lill s ill\.!.\ B'J ~J :lrt!:Jl\ 9\l ~iet B'J
ll< Ill 1iT ~1 R -# $:lt:IJ
l:liff J!lilliJ :!l-1'1' ~J:1rlii. FiID~t Jll'.ff Wi!i a~ ,

1l!\; i!! E'. ~ill,lii )f1B'Jlli:lo!:mil!J9J ~.kfi'l<J8 W, RP >llil!'. v Ji! if :If. Jll!!lt q, ii<;r< jg
v-=v(r,t),
Jl\11''1l''l!'J!li'9.!llrt!llO!ll s 1J;i,r, <.~,.
q,=q,(r,t)
(1. 4. 13)
*n< .miJ&~!ll <i." 1sJB<J!I!' 11'5'i:'fJrr!R?t,
rn
dx
at= t.'x(x,y,z,t)
~~
dz
= vy(x,y,z,t)
dt = v~<.x,y,z,t)
(!. 4. 14)
X""'
.:r(~o1JD1,o>f)l
y = y(:o"/o.to.t.)
z = z(o7lo~o,tJ
;11: cp , '" ,~" ,, ;'.\J l!\Jt'lit'l!1 ,"iJ HJ t~t,
(l.4.15)
et B'J Ii'. if, I!,~,' lE tH ,'f ;11;>\ o. 4. 15 J'.11'.tlt

x ~ rce.~.1,t)}
y = .Y(~,'f/,t,t)
z~ !!\ !t 11[ 11} ~i >\CL
(1.4.16)
,(<,~.\,t)
1. 16 Ji-IC A '11: <J. 1. 13 1, RP il>i!!lll i'!l lf :lli 'Im lll! I: Ill If/: fl\ ill 8 fil if.<'!: iK fl'J
(1.4.17)
&:<:: , ~ill[ Wi'5 i\IJ E HJ lft!ll Wl s l!!iil!#a tll , RP lil!lt v l!it if ,1\'!Wlll! :Ill: q, l!!iK jg
v-vcs.~,\,1!,
1,~q,ce. 1 .1.i1
CL 1. 18J
Ill jg Jocobi frjilJ ii: .J it'li: l'J-/il[ i;fi!l({E a111!J t i'!I a1l8J '" l!l:;ii; 1* m:<:: It. [!I mi.~. ;ll;-1'"~ 8'J
1! '11! j ii!! , lif1 (J -ll! ff {E $ii!! !Iii
e:
1} -
~(:r,y,z,t)l
(J,
7f(x,y,2,t).
~""" ~(.r,y,z,t)J
4, 19)
f J::il: it AC L 4. l B) RP lll Ill i!klf/:'ll.'.lil: x, y ,z, t "'if; 8'J &ill!!

V=V(r,t),
(l. 4, 20)
q1=q,(r,t)
Jtrj:l ,r= (.i,,y,z) o
{Ell;ii!f 7J "l" cp , >!it 8'J ii l!l1J Ill l!klf/:1fi*li\Ht , !!kif/: 1f i*i'll Mi#3IE.!1' iii!$-, Ill ili1411 h
'lit Ill , ll; ;II; lb 'f tE!ll: Wili.i\IJ 8'J 1f l!l cp , l!!il< ii!fW!l( JI:, i\IJ lil: ;;ti!lfllll:~ili.fl'J 'ii ..li!:!lkRl llilat!i! lliJ.i!'
'ttii!" fl'J' i.{E Jil:@jj!f (lt r' f;lJ i11r1E~1'~K IJ'/il[ Wf!ll!l.~EIJ'mt: !fil lllf 8'J tiH!tii mat. /ll lf/:111 AA
S ;IJll;!M'iil!Ejg'lf!<ic, i!;ll;liil jgJ!f'l<!fil ilif Mll!;Jl'; ffi -!!! fi!l !E 8'J /ii[ WllJl .\i\PJi!!lh9:8'J 11 l!Jl ilii.
~~-~~~-~~~@~
IJl: W!ill ii!'. !lt A\ 8'J 'Im lll! Jl q, M'f et riil B'J 'l!' it>l'>F jg W: 'Im l'I! JI: fl'J 'Im llJl "f 'llrlll: :: "f 'It , Ill .flf 'ldq./dt ll' iii ,:ir !\1!4! r.jg T !~ililA;rni .1tt DqJDt 'l<m, <Etli:J!l!lrr!ll ill s 1rmll!l!l\Jl,'lf -ii!'.ttl!Jl
l1'J Vf[ 1* !lt .<\\et , ~t 'Im !lt 'If 'l!1 JI! ;il; B'J lll!llil 1'11 l'<ii!ii.t 1F 'lit Fl lit? , i'J !m liil ii!'. fl'J Vf[ 1* lilt.cc lil! IJ! Mat i'il B'J
:itfVl'!\t;ll;ili:tO'W !It.\\\ 8'J talil!IJ!. W{E~X!i11f ll:'ll!ii! cp , 'Im !!!lit q, ;11;'2 J'iiJ fil !ff, .r. y ,z 11. at 1'1 t
l1'J t'li '1!1. W!!! lll:M'f at rilJ 8'J 1'1<'111'l\!ii; tE fi!l it!i! lliJ Jl.i. (.r, y, z) 1: i1'<o l'l!ll!: MT at 1'1 l1'J 'l!' ftil', J!
1' 'If 'llr '1> jg ti Ji!!"" 'lit"' !iii ffll.!J< 'IJ1, Ill iJq,/iJt 'fl. jji 'f ilii ti!"" ff .wl'I! JI: l>'J ll !!lt"" '111 "ti Ji!! 1!''1!1
1.4.3
:<:: j'iij 8'J 7i' ~

I 111J!.ll'il4/l}!l(O}lft
fl< lrl"l'~liil ii!'.IJ'Jiilt W!ft Jl.i. tE-'l!IJ!!i!lll: q,, .Ifl'EK!rl ;i;. if..l\ 'I' i!!'iiltie. tEatl<lJ t, lt.!ft ,/;, w:
T JN: PCx ,y, z) , 11;4.illll! lit 1sJ q,(x, y ,z .t) , !ii!l:i:Btl\fJ 6t IV.lfr. !$<!lt ,I\\ tOJ!IJ! = (v,. v" v,) jl; 3'i
,ef:?. P' (x' ::/ ,:;;') =P' Cx+v,.At,y+tiy~ z+v,1:V), ITfi1*A J!!:l:f:l;$jg q, (x' ,y' ,z' ,t') =q,.(:r
+v.N ,y+v,N, z+v.& .t+ 6t) , 'f;ll;i*4.iJ!!i!Jl:ll'J W!ft .!J<fi1iJ'ey Ji!;
1. 4. 3.
28
. q,(x' '~v' ,z1 ,t')-q;(x,y,z.,t)
dq,
~= 1
lffi
dt ill~L)
!':J;
'"
TT
q, ( J' I
)' t
(!, 4. 21)
,zI ,t ' )
q, (.r
+v~6t, )1-1,./:J,
z+v,61 .t+ CJ) -q, (x, y ,z. .t)
_Jq,
L+ Jq, L+Jq,
'+Jq''+O('')
J,xV~LJ.f, i)yVyLJ.J,
J.zv,,_,,,
!Jtut
...,,
=[~+cv V)q,]ru+ocru2 >
(1,
4, 22)
i J:ti:1tAil:<L 4. 21 l, NP1111iiJ!!t #'ii("'i~!fu#'ii(il'JcJ:'>lil:
~~=~'+<v\l)q,
(1.4.23)
mP'. <1. 4. 23 l 'L!!! , ll!J Jll' :!l q, il'J !iJJ Jilt !if 'It dq,; dt *olll'fi'$7l'.
ll! l $ Jl'Jll,~ lit .\lo'li:il< .!ill;!il#'it aq.; Jt, 'fO 11Vii Vii: i*!lt."tE Ill lE '' filL" !ilJJ!ll ll q, xta>t fill il'J
'll' 11:$, 'fO 11II!Ti>ii:Ji'iil'J"11!.;W;l't!!t. tE!i!.'5 i>fl;iJIJi1!% T, ifir'lf !li "'li'f 'I!',
ll! 2 Ljf ('. v )q, fl; ;!JX>ti>ii:lJJ!' il<ft ;!Jjf .\Jo'lt' t; f'C'lii: i* Jilt" !iilll '21\lJ &liat !JiiJ Ij\jjil'J
1iiJ 11 :Ill: q, il'J 5Hti1", iii:Ji}j u!l!'iiiJ Jlll :Ill: q, l'Ei~Ji'i 9' il'J "lJ '.lJ tt/ilt. ill':W:'iiiJ Jlll :!1!1' Vii: Ji'i 'f'Jll,lJ lJ
m1J)?(Jijjmlf'l',.,,
1'11 !In Ill f'i' !Ii: 1* ~) '!! ilif Jll, ffi ~ l!l lj(ll li; il'J Vii: i* !It "~~ Ill il'J ttJ lilt ilif W-!iJJ Jilt ilif jjJ Ill T 3'11Jr fl!
?J-Xn~J.
111. ll!i cJ:'
F'(:c,y,z,t) =O
j\ I l . 4. 22. l 'tj' '1j 'Ii: F
(!. 4, 24)
il'J !iJJ Ji!t \!''ii( jjJ'.!j ~

dF '=JF +<vV )/<'"""0
dt
dt
(].4.25)
JtP: tio !If 'I! .iHm"' iJ/1 ~lit at" 11t 1f m.

~J.!l! i* !lB} 9\1 ~Jill !ilo!lll:
231!it ti! il'J ttJ Jll' It q, ?fl: ~ il'J 1iiJ !It# 'It ,
J. 4. 3. 2
P'. cL 4.
T ilif liJf J'i: 1iiJ 11! q, i* f!t:* il'J !iJJ Elt Ii' 'ii( 1!
Jlt , !I: 1115'if l!!111t l;!i 9' If :I!: ~u wil'J Ii! liifJi* a~a, +a,. :itllli m7'1 -~ ., +,. ., 1'll ., ru A, B
!IBI ,taJJfll t !Ii:!* 6l!!ik1'-Wffi il, !mOO 1. 6 'f'JJ;!J<F.Jim' ~l:t~~IOJ ill ZFo ')!(l\;,J;J!!~iliJi*
m {] It-Jilt Cl!i<ttl Elt >l\!IC) !!' '<>-1'-!'liil'J i!rli. 't 6 l!!l*IR il' ~a,+{],. !m 00 L 6 9' lill~FJf m
m"
B ~'
/
"
'
\
"
I
I
I
l!I J. 6 !l l!I 41Jll!ll<~ ;i. !l 41J /iii 1!1111Jll1!1
=11;9' ,il, .7'7 tl f!J il' !Jifr,oll. M'f i*,/J ftlt ~d1Eil'J iit illll:tllL Ill.JI!)!;)(, ff~,IJ Jlllt q, i*f!t?l-8'1,/J
Jilt \'fl& jjJ" Ill
J\.1' it m'!' 1"} o!J!
L4
29
g.d!:? =
~~ ;l[
lUJ
li~1
::u 0
f q (r ,t')di1 f q (r,t)d.0 J
n,
1
(1.4.26)
n., +(Ji
+fl;
11 lq.(r' ,t')dn - Iq,(r,t)dn]+ n~ }~[fq.<r' ,t')d.a -fq.<r,t)daJ'

~11
fl
::u 0
'
(1.4.26)
(1. 4, 27)
ci. " 26 Jxt n,
11'11'\ 5t lll! Jr!o &
"""
Hr1 P1 lilt n, fll
ffq;v n' :du
n, 8'J ;!;fl it!!!- rill ilil ., ili. tlHi' m n 11'1 :!It. t: iiJ
~i
-~ q,v
n1du
(1. 4. 28)
'
liiPt IJ, 11'1 fl\ %J'.Ji:li\ 6t Bf llil I*! Ell 5rl!-ill!if ill! ilil a, ili.!!14<1!1 ll B'J:I:. B"I:EJ lit
q,v n
du =
JJq;v n du
.,
1
(1. 4. 29)
'It 'I' n' fll n %*'J \!!if. ill! 11( 11101 l: ill! ilil 11'1 1!1 l;l 'fl ill '.Ii' :!It fll rill ilil 11'1 5f !!; iil('f!. UL;'!< :II! lill llii fl n' ,
~ -n,.n', ~ n,, 'fif !!.( J::::,J: it'll' ,11) tiH L 4. 26) 11'1 lil 2 Jjj[ 11 6t B11QJ I*! Vlt:Jl;i*!Q /J l);t .; ii!Ui1 W
m n B'Jll>lli:tlL ti &-oat. t:"T1" lit
~q.v nda
(!. 4. 30J
J~'d!l + ~q,' nda
Cl. 4 . .11)
f t(J:Jl.rtf1'AJJ: CL 4. 26l ,Jilt511lili
1tfq,d[J
' ~iliixt'5!
" rm lltrr!Rfr
'
J<til'J 1iiJ it 11!.i'f
!If Ll 3; iJt ur Ll JIL'!IHJt:lt"Jc Ll ;f, rt
<L 4. 3DttJi\l'~111.!lf oJtil'J'ilil lll!lit q. 14<1'\ %'1111 mt~~ !'J .lilt!llc*~ 'it. r,tz ti Iii ili dilriN'ilil lll!JJ! "'
~tl'i>:f!IJ!i' /J il'Jl* !R %?).;~ J:lil:Ji!rllt frJ tE:f;:!!J;isB'J /J I*! i1'J!.i lll!:I: q i1'J .~.fll. Ill Jtt. rt< L 4. 31!
11'1 ll. "f 'lJ ml :Iii it o/ ,ff :tt!.illl! :II q; .\<. fll 8')#1 iil\ .i'f tt ii!l 'f if< ,(;i fll i1'J "i J1!! "'fl
Ej\$:!.llll!ftll i1 i'! ~J?<Jl>: f!IJ Ii' 8<J ill! W a !Ji.lit i)!i; 'ii ilit: ili 11'1 /l>!ll ft Z fll , >I: (!. 4. 31) 1'f 1,Jll!il\
J:>t:t~lil 1 fJi JI; q,
(Reynolds)$AJi~it"
1. 4. 4
lJ:fl])[
*.
l'E!i!illt;tJ'f':cp. il![fll i[ 61'11t'l!!Jt!! fli. jf lil!Y & Jl.f'jq;)l1 ~Il!IB'J il!!flll[ ,,(;i B'Ji)! l'llJ< {E
'i! 1\iJ o/ 11ai1'J1ff.i'. ur ?T 11'Fllli .\\\ !l! cn:: 1, 'i! 1iiJ .\\\ !l! Ciel fll ii;!:!;Sl</ifillt cir. l ; WJ'l<;l:I; t'fi m~ atr'l
0 1%11 ff!~ill cir: J fll i~ ff!t.>tm: or: 1. ;1:1; 'I', i~lt;i>!!< clC 1xor:St11 "*ll1ill cic lfll f'l~i'lli cic1 ,
I 'Fmi!IDS!fiiJF.:li(!
ti!'!' WJ: - 1~ 'fr .IC 'i'ilit: tt q liiJ '!' ilil i't-1' 111"Jili. ili ~11'2 ::\! 'l"ilii .\\\ !l!. l\t;HJ "i 'f $ :fL:!i' !It
o/ I'? l'E-'i'il!<Jll. , tEJ1!!JY! o/!JJf- o 'lf';lf liiJ ff cp 1Aillt i*tt"T ti t'fi'F Wiit!l:lll!, .II. Ki\, 'tr Ill'
"' ffit :I: q ffi l1J $J1!!JY! ti!f J!5 , Jj\ tll: V "1! liiJ I!!~ r lit lit lt ~p 'If 3C ~,J:
!. 4. 4.
30
l'=q/21f'r
!\. :i'.
*"' !\.:i'
oj- ;i: _,
..................
(1. 4. 32)
;I; 9' q iE SC jgJF ilif !U~ ill' .1': Jlc.lfi.ilii!V IOJ <jji, 1'I 'f1F ilif ~J >.lfi. fiLJ!j!Jt~llLl: VIL tB Ei<J mt 1*1*1!1. ;It
llt!Jll ~} [L' /T J' j!Q JIHilli! J!J!lt ( il!'J'LI>! "''/t\lij *!!:) ;lg h. :II' ltlJ 'It jijlAmt!lt;Jg Q. mv:i; q~Ql h.
[if] Jll! , i!! IWJ 'i' - .\\\ 1i Jii'.t-Vlt ii: Q filJ Ii! flil ~ ilif Af.illlt ili f,i;>J; jg 'i! IOJ .\\\ ll!!. f!I ;lg Q Ji!:iilb::t
Ijtilif jg 4"r' Iii( tB ,'if ~J xt'f 'illiE !ITT: JI Q olt1:tlJJi!!1'! lifil'f 1i "'~ ,i:
(1.
4. 33)
~ l'BJ .\\\ ilUliltEi<J ii: !Jll!lc[L' /T],
lll! it 1if !!.( 1'E 'f llifJ::;< ' 1'19' Ei<J iE IE!itifililiJllJ} ;Ip, JXi'l'lw.>l' ~;J};/11!(. "! lil it 1if !!.( Jll:I\'
'f \\\ ill({E 'f Willi;~ 1'"1 'i'~flljf ;Ip. JX1if !;( ffl o!l:lm lllU!!i!lfi itblll!.
fti:t* .:l\'iit iii: 'l'JlcM. Ji!'. !i iilU:I: ,lifi JI; M. 1' 1f fill illtA .I! .1': f!l "'i 'f $ l'L :ii' Jilt 'i':ff'.tE1' iC /\. !it>J<z ;!; .\\\ iL Jilli! 'i' Ei<J 'EF'ltit 1if ili tt: .oil iCl'l:l!L *ii 'I' l.'!iE , ~t'f lli! <ttA Jt- J , Jlk
!!\ill' jg IE . tll jg Jilli! 'i' ;!; H1 -llflJ}iJlt If, F'E 1E Ei<J Vitlit, xt'f iC <'EF1r) , J{'(!!i\lll ;!; :!ii , l!J jg Ji!!
fil 'i' i"' '!:Ji\ Ei<JVILI:, xt'f 'I' iRf .\\\ iC, jgftifillt v llklE fll, <I< 11111
V= -q/2'10''
(!. 4, 34)
(1. 4, 35)
*lliili<iCl'jal!il6'J,.Ci[)
L:l J:~lil!Ei<J iii! (i[J :t'!!!J!\tt XH!@li:ilff Oi Ei<J l!\i!>J~ (j[) JE Xjgl!iltt:k:l1<:f'!\' Ei<Ji!i! (IC) ,
W~!m k;k1)( l*~H llHJIJ !f:Wli!t18'iflll! 1' !!: in ~ mt~ ilJ' l!! 1iiiX?!!!: <IC >l'J:ll!L
tEil;IJiifJ"i'"' !ll llt Jl!il' fl'JJlc1Fl(l,i!ii!J! \IC)' 1elii15!!! (IC) iEXJIJ ;i;!l\ ill' ~a<111 '!\'ftil'MU
Jl!;tt: !ll at IOJ1i~Ei<Jlli! <lC J , 1FI!\ '5ill( <IC> 11 $l'it!IJ!i, ~fif!!Jli:& LJ 'l!'lllllll<fili-llti!V lliJ , 1!lJ
iJU M. 1, l!JJ 1, , il\'. >l' jg1i!'l!ilt*lllili <iC l , 1!lJ !1Jl !;(IE llli.111 q !EA <F 1:11 J-lltat IOJ Fn'I< Mi!' ll: mt ;!1
lil:'<:'lt, JJ-#Jlc:l!'lllill:il'!ll;i!i! <IC l , (JlJftll O'ti"''lt M. !\:at lllJ*Ci ,11,Jl!;J!'!!llll in .JHlil'Eilf
~Ji;-1i ~at i'iil !lt/Jit: rJ! il'Jt!l ll! TilJ' "'i lfi 1i!'lllit!li!ll;ill( <iC >'ii'li.
i Oil-# !II at i!i! <iC ) Ill! B\tl!li <IC) iE X jg tE t= r <(jlJ !m jg~ >Ei<J II< l1V ltlJ B ill I.Iii If lilt fll Ei<J $
fL 11' !llt Pl RI M' ttA <JI' t!D ll!tlt fl'J IJii 1*, i!IJ{E t = r Z flU ll.i!ZJEf LJ lil:.\\\ M' !;( J'r fi'J Ul''ll'.:t!J '!'
ttA C'l'o tB l iJlt1*. l!l!1'JiliiJI., Jiil;Jl\!i';$J'L:il' Jiltlfi:llu-t- ffi:iJ ilk i'f, ffl ~ lt!EM 111!1'; Jii'.l!(lf tt
M!Ii!K OJ trWJi!. ill at.\\\ iii! Ei<J -1' ll;(JlJ ffl. !II at.\\\ i!i! Jl!l!'!l' Ji!! II'; # l1I! ll': ll!l!!! ,JliJ !ll li: -ll!'l! l'l'
1m J::ii!!ll; i!i! i'!! Iii iii ill Ei<J 111 :it. i5T m l!lll!c iJlt :h "l' 9' '1!-l'i '.I '11 Ei<J '.\t ~ l'l Ill ,
1. 4. 4. 2
* *
1. 5 ;i!i #.I 11 f'j!

;tl rJ! 11 mM 'Iii iitIf ,'if '!t ffi:h !Iii it , Jt.
no1t1 ~!'En !l!'J'r n5j mw!lit.\\\ Ei<.I nu lilt , il !lz l'iiJ !'!
*-#< , il1j M1W t'1 ft:Ill :iJ T iit iii:!'! iii iilJ , 1': ii':'!' <Ji $11 :::: )E i*<E mt iii: IJii iilJ 'i' Ei<J !Z Ill , 1'E ii< lilUi
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i. 6 . 3
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Bm)
(1. 6. 21)
m = (o,w)
xt 'f "(;jlj !Ii ill: iii, ll'.:ili tt 51 mi 11'1!lt:!ll'll'1t J9

pp,
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mt i1!' llli HJ i* 5t 11'1 !ltlit Ill lit j;

p,"'V.
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1. 7. 1
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fl' iE ti' .!Loli fl' Ill , ~e fli :I!! it!It lll: i!lt JiJ ?fJ'i'i!lt:i:Jl Jllt flil!! lill Jl!:lll llli il! -1''1!1J !It* lltlll: I[~ ITT Ji'I
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1. i. 2
(]. 7. !)
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7. 2)
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Fil 'f ii\ lltil>!i!'ltit dD xt Jlll'i'i!ltlil , mJ ew ~ p<112. r:ll\ ,i: <1. 1. 2l 'll::h
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(l. 7. 3)
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CL 7. 7J
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(1. 7. lOa)
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1. 1. i. 3
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1'J T iii-ff.iii. JI Ii": :h~ !l!:::i:E li!!, ~ ffl 'l Il!!-1-fii f1'J ~;fil;""iit , >)<:'.,\Jjlllj. li!IEl1'J iii! Ill s JI!
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(1.7.11)
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l')I;
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(!. 7, 12J
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vT
T
(1. 7. 13)
i:!l j; "!'JI!:::) li! &J gj -!* ii*!lit ;!; , Xf 'f l>I fll {I !it
ds~ ~1
(1. 7. 14)
45
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Fouder ii:fl
{ ',ll;lll>!ll~H'J lliillL.t .Foudec .!l-t/i llHf: , Xt 'f Jo!J ~l 41- rliJ !Bl tt1i!if, ~ilfi :Ii;!'; !ti!!<~ l'l1 ;!';Ii:
( ~p $. {l[IJ;) fii]l'l1J1$.f!l fJij !R fFJ~ :I:) 9':1: q(, ,t) l:jfi!li: ~ Jt 17 T Jili.iE it. ill 'f q (r ,1) ill J!lil!i\jjj
rliJ 1~1ll.1r M, F!i VXlf
J. 7. J. 4
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(1. 7.15)
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tt>ril!llr>i< k ilif !f. k H'!$.liln wJ<m' KJ. ,i:o. 7. 1sJ'.!ii!tltst:l:Jli'ii:n
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(!. 7. 16)
dy
3z
r
k=
kJJ
kll
kll
k21
k:i
k~a
k31
k32
k:n
(!. 7. ]7)
(J. 7. 18)
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WJ lrl!Jr rliJ -l!I: .ffe~ il!l lr*
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Fourier ~$:1'!EJ:1J
(1. '7.19)
L 7. 2
~~ WJI l# IAU!ll
1.J ll ~ - it!!: l:t: i!
Ill :!I JriHl!:-1-11! lllt !IE:;!; "i! l'iiJ 18:li! r'! Ill I: "8'1ll! ifll i'i-!i!~ fl H'J '111 'i'tl! ltL I'll! lt :',\J JP. !!! ~t
1"1 r'I ill 9f!ll' 1'11111 lii-t-W lllt Ri YEi!l<"i! l'iiJ 18'.li!li'J AA I:, r'I i!illi\i!!!i"' t Ii'! Ii\ lit .Ej '11 !'rJ'l.11' !ll 'f W'
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ftll liiJ Jtj;lj ~ l!illi\ 'I'~, 9[J T 1 (r .t) ~ T, (r, 1) ~ T (r, t) , ;It 'f , 'f j;F f fU ; ))- 1J Xf Ji\1 'f lift if ;ff!
Ill!$:'
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'I' lilt#~ 'Im ti:: AAf!l li\.lJ> l!<~ 4!- :ffll iel O!l miXf J.S: fl!i l!ll st 11115' ~U i!!filill o/! ,
t. 7. 2. I
lill*i'~~f!llt;l;fl
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46
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( L 7. 15). q Ji!;li\ i!l"W il!'xJlb !iil'i'\'; Cl. 7. 21) 'l'tf>ft q, Jld'll!IJ f:1i:J\'!illllt11il .11'-f.llf;j:!Q !< i"''t il'J
~~:Ill:. Jlo: j!!jl!il:frflljtz fP hlL il!''f fi!I lit '1' J\'!illit fl!J pg fl\j t ili:fJUI , Jil:$'i!! fi!l 1*# ~ ilil!ll t'ltit
$, l;!J f;j:fr Jl!t$Jt1lt .!:> fl\j :!lti<!l!l.il!' Jl-il!i. ii! !ill f;j: 1l'i ill' fU ttlil:fr*U ;Jg p, fP c, ~U lji. {fl f;j:jj\ !ill f;j: ill\
ill' b\,\1;1- T, 'ff /iii!<! T !If ~li\fl\j ;Jg (pc>, CT-T,J it1i'it.$ f.t J(pc6T! .Iat, PJi Ll fi!I f;j: fr il!tfH :fr
jf5 il:;lt'J l!ll:l::lfll\ 1'J
f[~ (pci.\T), -
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(1. 7. 22)
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(1. 7, 23)
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k.
a""",,,,,,,,_
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(L '/. 24)
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1. 7. 2. 2
(]. 7. 25)
(1. 7. 26)
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'til'JBll'i~fPr-iitpgAll'it11tl'iJn~::<li'ill:!Q~)4il!ji:tJ'l.IDiliW:l:z
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J.P( ~ + e) (v n)da + J.p(v n)du = J.P( ~ + h) (v n)dct

it"'. h ~' + p/ p ;Jg It I;';' ftp"' (1. 7. 6) Jjifffi 0' il':ili 1*Jl!t.<\\itll!. l::i\til/llil'J llf:IQ ilil&"T>l: f.Jfl\j
47
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+1ij]+'V (kr\lT)+q.r
(1.7.28a)
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Cl.7.28bJ
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= -
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Eil'it CL 7. 121
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CL 7. 41l
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(!. 7. 42)
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CL 7. 43bl
Jrt\1{;' li! 3 "10- tl::l'i,tiili J!!, 1J<;t!P!!i ifll;;J\lJi!Jjf ;:1Ci!l::l'i J!!i !ll'I!.
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50
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:ll\-i!l.Jli:fil .R lill<Et.l!ill'. i1!$Ji'.11'. 2 flii' 21. z flii' ITT J: Ji~!J iif f.!',llf ;fita<J *-i'i' r:>f flllJllUI.. -~
iJi .l\ tr M: 'il :ll\11'~ illi 1";!:;'lit tr ,ii!i :I: 51 $ !ftz f'l !'I* .l\ :ll\4F AA ttil'J Jt J!flf il'<E JlJi'iJllW!tr
ti' J!l fllJ.iJJl i!tili fl! l!ll Tlill ii< jg "1l !'I$ ll fl-Jili <Pllli ba r4! il!J :IJ Jf'iJl f!lllfl; F ' <I! illI i11i .Jiil~ F !E1l!
!Ii w: !Ii il!J il'J ill! il!J :IJ , ti. lllita !Ii 1*ill> ffi :IJ iif l!1 F 'E r4! !Ii . Jt J!f J fl' ilillf $If 'l Iilil !'I Jili:!lbm :111,
AA !ft t.11 !JI: 'l I il'J it!\ iili :II! ;IJI
fl'at l!i in re ill: !l!i -<Filr:lf1" lll:i'F
ill ll! ii!: <r tr"' J: w:1r 111:a<J11> 'ii: f<ffi il'J *ill:l': .11 M
i:\J> fj'li111 ;Ea<J 4 rt 'IE! jlj 'itl JP.;@"!''3; iffi 1lt~!>it ');Ji t'!Ii . M' );{ * w );' W.iffi 'lit* :'I; Pj ~:If 1" J\lt
PIE~ iE 1$ ill: i!:l!tt* .!< il'J ~ fllJ .l\ ~i!?.:ll\illl it 'klill!W >t !'I . l1il 7t /!< h!.11! #\ J: 1~ '!IJ t; ill. i'l:;;'; I'
;lg:ij;:i!J:lfi'illlll 'fli'!il;fl-!!I'. J.i< 'I'- ..t!'J"R:.li 'jijjt; {IJ)j)f!li' J l'J lt'kllll~ t~llll 1111 T-1!1'7.I< 'f J: ,J;!:@
:!t'E T :il-i' 7.1< 'f ..t(l'J J!11 ~ ~ lll jl; fiF J::l!< "'l!<iffi li:lll! #\Ill-It tll li'J
T li!I ~ il>li! 37: :it>:!!! :If!l1Jii' i'l'tr !'I;/',"f W- lll! 11!l!!;\::!I! :ll;!li tr Iiili! 3l:*!!J:lf!ii ~t ..'Ji li!3l:l!'J
"R: .l\ ll11'1 tr TJ1J W-l!I! ,
0 ~ liji'f'!l\!ttl!Ull! 4'!!J J;"!l1 !li::f !IU!m T' ;!! 1iF .l\ fl'J :l!l J'l< , '!':: t .'Ji lf 'Iii! tt ;!! !;f, .l\ '1' ~El
iii Ill\ 37:
illi:it>: !!J:!fW.EY. ~ $; llE :!I!
21 !Nil IJll fi'lll! ttJJ:lll! 4'W :If1":1!\W !!I'. !'I Rft Bi'E'l ,&!Ji .5J 11\ Ii< i!l' 'JG* " Mi'-1' Ii!! \Et ::f
@ mi :ll-i'fltt! Miit ii!Jill: i!1i1' 11\Ii< i!\' *ill. :it>:W :h" Ill 1!1! tt! 1i11
3 > "'1 IJll f!iJ ~1!JJ:l11! Jm "'*W:lf1"* r W!!Hit l>i' !'I :Jlt-31: l!1! ll'I :ll\ ;f 'JI' il'J Jltl i'Fli<'f' W1f
flij.
"iili
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z.
:'I.I*
!Ii"' .
1"J1,1fmJ:<-'l!'l!l!ll'IM'cll<~a<Jwll!~i'Ftt.jiq**rtt~a<J*~*wtt;r;i:i:~~~~a<J:1r/liJ,
ITTrJ ~tt ~"R:
:It t; ttJilii!?. 1!1!.,15- (<iJ fol ttfl<J
ff! 3ttlil\lll!;/;;!lifffiiJ:it>:ilJ:!fii iJi .tJ-Jii 11 'f !!llll'U!ll;l!J.'lf.

A!llJ'l'!ll!ttJJ:lll! 'f<t\J}j' 111;1!!C~'f:lltll'l::f 31:1J .li tr a<Ji'tr , tl!f~a<J R TBi'EY. fl<11!i! T'i!
4) ~3ttl.!'U!I!
S)
r 1$: tt Ill A'! 41- JliJ fl!Hi il'J ,1!1 mu Jl!.15- JliJ ;ii. ttiJ "R:i' ;11;-ttJili & rai fi!l tt a<rlt *'~ *'f
52
---
Ai. f-ll<S;. !-$.~flt
'"' .!\ ~. 1'.E >Fl'J1f lll 'I' it.!\~ it] :Ii!: f'lll l!Y iJ'< tli ,lfiljg, !Ill it] fS il:!ll (Buckingham l 11 lE 1!I! r \;,\
lilliE.
i. 9
ijt&!Jlf*~&~M:{Qlt:fr:Jiflli:.lt~M~flf
1!!fllif Jl 1' ' JlG ff] jt MU lit :i'.CT ill:< 1'.E $ l'L fr !!It "'lli iilJ it]
1f me ji iilJ1f lll, ;m !llitt1f Ill
l'l1 lll:ll:1f ll!i! 3 1'-';'fti!tt1f1ll 1 JZ lilf'li T 1f ir<J ~tt1f 1!1, Jiil :t't?.li1flli!l'll 'i'lll1flll. >1'1'flE
il:'"'1f 1llll*Jl:>liHIE , i~ 1; lit l!Y '.ll: :Ii!: lltJl:if!il>\' -11'1 it\ lli iiH!;!:5t Jrlll
<E -!ll!tl!t il1 f , li!l m"'ill: i* ir<J ill: iilJ wr;; 1if!il ii'! mtr'll' 1t 1~'1' . r !!HI' mum . <E ~ 1!1 Nd'f
Till iii 1f ll!JI!: Of &'II' ii'! >I' 'Pm f !t te 'I' 4!m i'JIHi;. Ill 1lll Da"y iE 1'11 Jl!:lll Ill f1'J JI' li'i' lll1f lli! )( i'J1
& 'F\Will\5lll! lEli!I (!. 2. 6) , 1': El l'l1 Darcy l1'J!j11f ;\)-j;j;, Ji)i!;,(J!J!LR!ll$1J Drucoy Jr!!!, ;i;!ll;tt1f
llll'll >li::?.li1f!i. <E*'ll il'JJl!Fo JLf \ll!ll! Ill "1J:11;-t:Jrm.
Jr lli! ill 'I' ii'! fill'.'llo It 1f Bi :i:I p, itil'. p l'l1 i!Jt v 1'.E JI; '"'lllf Ill. F , l'L lillt il'. >l'll Ji\5 il'. ti! !!I'll'
:Iii ll'U Jl!:l>tf '\j;j;Jtl ill:,& !l! 'ii JI! - Cp. Tl ~:ll!Fn#h'I< 'ii JI!,}., ill!!!*c' ii'! Jl!:lli~ ii'! Bi
:i:I p , JI' Ji it Jilt p fl'J ill lli: 5t Jr 1'll A 1f !:! !ll! ir<J Jf> xi: , Ill Jt JJG Ill lit ll'J ,\J< Ill f Bi p B'l ii ii;!: Jt
/fill.
J. 9. J. I
~rtQJ!.tt1)-Jlt11f~
X>tf 45-rlJ #tt1rm! ,!!11!11. liftli!llB'J:!f [Ii] fjj;Jli$1i'J :if [ii] lil::. Jltj K- (K,,K,. K,J , ;!im~
llil'l. !ll!~:fl *nll!ll!.llf1' 11 Jmr,
im=tt/JI!!, ac;pJ
CJ. 9. 1)
at +17 <pV)-pq
V -
~-
Darcy
:EJill,
K,ap
ax
V, --&81'
3y
(!. 9. 2)
I
ap
)
iV%= _ K
___!_1-+pg
l
#1 (}z
:t:l:ii!;/J!ll,
p- p,[l +c r<P- p,)]
(!. 9. 3)
;-;,[! +,,(p- p,) J
(!. 9. 4)
f/\"CL 9. 3)j"(l. 9. 4):jfj*'"J1ll

p= Po \l\[l + (c1+c;) (p- Pv) J+Occz)
(1. 9. 5)
l't '!' O(c' Jcil!ii<$1'l Billl1'\f<: 2 !It\;,\ _t ii'! ljf, ill 13 c' J, 11/f 2?1'.:J1:1':1'f il' Illl.tX11# 1l!'. (1'J J!
~~il'ffi~~'ttc,-c,+9,'fjjk1f
3(p/) _
at
3P
l'!lti{>;~'$;Jr1'!1'i::it! fl'J II! 2 J'.il( .1'.;1!! 11"lm 1l!'. 3 1'?tJlfl'J ~ 'tttil(.
a(~~.. )
-po
a~[ (l+c1-lP):"~]
(!. 9. 6)
-A rocj dt
l\iltte a( pV,l I ax,
53
(]. 9. 7)
(]. 9. 8)
(L 9. 9)
(2t.)'
ax;
'1/2
:'.CJ~
(L 9. 10)
+ c1A.P
Til'Jb ,Jflilf* a<K,/ l/az lJli .~U~

'(I
(pV) ~-
;l:; <1. 9. 6) ti1 ( 1. 9.
P[jJ_( K. ap) + jJ_( K, ap) + jJ_( K. ap) + Zp,g,, K. ap]<L 9. )1)

axax
d>ay
11l~.A~!il!1f1'< <1. 9. ll
Jzaz
Jz
# f (l. 9, 1) ;(;llijilI jl:J"l ft
P (! + ,,t,p lg
""Pq, WLJ1ll~'f !li:iJ ii!ilt P fiJ 2 !i'r1lilit:0-1f
jJ_I' K,
DP.)+ ay
jJ_( & ay
i!P)
ax
ax
+ jJ_(
K. i!P) + 2 ' K. i!p + ~ .L ;;p_
~ az
pg t a.z
q
,._, Jt
(1 9 12)
-
l:l:!re:Ji\ omlll1<'!i'll3 /JI! fiJ -l!'ill:tf f;L M: .R iii !ll 'f 4' tll /Jli: 1*11'lf RI il'J Jl'il'f o . 9. 101 W: Jl'il'f
l'E-!llifi'J I f'l &!! 'I' :llli't :ll: fiJ. l!!Jil': ll! tB , l:l: '!'ell! :l!H!l ~!Ii llli ~ lti& 1J''f l ll!l ~l!! ill!~
' v p>' liif v'p fl! It.~. "f Ll kllBlif, !iire1'iE lil T , 'l;i!j<..J:J:!iW ~*' J::l:!l!.;ffJFei
ll1l ~!l!Tillil'.!C, BP ;l:; o. 9. 12) 9' q~ o, 'i'lllf lli:.ti Ii'~ , # .13. /Jlf.J>i 'I' !li:iJ'l\'il:;f :kLl l'i:"f
Ll iJ, ~ l\i J!t liJ ?Z! r~ i!LJl''JG~ , J!J4!- fiiI Jlo t$ 'FL 11- mt 9' fiJ 3lill: 1lllit5}1f1!i!!IHI: ::1:1
a~( Kx ~)+~(Ky~)+!( K~ ~:I= ~Pl'1 t

M f #1 cl:] il-fiil Jlott1l-J!l ,K K, ,K, :fr ~U"'l' T-11!'1t. mu 1f ii:~
K a'_p + K <!_p + K iJ'.P. ~ '~ ap
~ ax!
)' ay:
az2
'l'r- Jt
,, 9. " 2
CL 9. 13)
CL 9. 14)
ISJ~'lit.Jfoltt1t Jlli
XI 'f !:'J ;cJ 41'- fiiJ li!l fJ; 11- mt , 3
J!f JI! K ii! ii:~ 11!' ft ,~1J 3
V1t 111lli::$1:Ir1!i! ( L 9.
12) lilf *:If! jJ J2f
31'::1:1
.
1ap(rt)
'V'p<r,t>+;:q<r,t)-x
at'
(!.
9, 15)
Jt9' ,, 'll(;r< 'eJiij ~ W-. ~Kl '11:~/ilt.!l, jfij

x~
;c,
'II<~ !li:iJltll!:!\ It (llfFltlli!\ ft) ;;11,-1)< Bi!\'lt.
<1. 9.16!
Jlll11'f.1Wilf 1f1'< (!. 9. 15 ).,, (), 7. 25) lt~

T ll!l Ji!, iW if I'll at~ Itt ;;11.#J 1'~ Itt IflC lJli , ]!Iiif:/El& ;l:;J: :Ii!* i:~ 11' ~) l!t:!i!lll. ,lll!1*3 lill:liilit
54
:fr 1f!l! Ji] lill f;j: fl'I ~ 1#"' 1f!l! ij(t1f!l! ttll!t jlfj 21 Jilt% fitlll: fl'I ' ;!i'1I (ii) :If !!!ii! lij; )\) ~ ltt:tf !!!ii(
)l;!\#f il'll!!1f l!!. jj Vll: 'I' 11 Bi;!). Vll:!l!''l!I ij< Bi,!\ l& (l)Ji;Jtjtt .!\ l& ):fr!IJX'/ It'. T Iii! l*~i#"' :tfl!i '1'11
Ill ill: ~"''Ill ""Ill.!\ i& <u.<Jtil!: .1> i& i , 1111 'l\!1<, ~1 It'. r ~ '!\! <pc, )"
~&'f ;JG~(i[)iJi[ii!J ,q-0, :tf!l!lt!t
'i/ip(r,t)=
1 Jp(r,t)
at
(1. 9. 17)
~&'f ;f iif Bil;iiiJii f;j: , ii;:ll;:tf !l! )\) (L 6. 9 l , IP 'V v - O, "1'11' x& 'f ii[ Bil;ii!li:I$ fl'l 11' if. jj Vli:
!;J1f 'Pi at- o, 'f Ji!t:tf1'1ll:Jt!f1 '!f !f1Jtli:tf l!i,

V'p-o
(1.
9. l8l
, !;] ~J 1!-101 #ti fl' Jill 'I' fl'Jl#Vli: :tffit (!, 9. 14 l ;f;t[l1jl:J&:tf l!! U. 9. l 7) fl'I Jf5 P'.:, ~!Iii
J:: , R~ 11' 'l laJ 1t:I: (ii) 'ltJ'k
@'!lid~ Ill
X-x,Y-y /K~-/K,,Z-z JKJK,

mtl1f !l! <L 9. 14 l It)\)" !;ilj!U!i P'.: "!'J :Jr!l! ,
il'P. '!.P. if p _ ]J!i'

ax2 + aY2 + az2 - Xi ax
(J. 9. 19)
(l, g, 20)
(J. 9. 21)
'3-fo!ill:'l''E'f' fijl:iEll:~laH!l 'i' !M!!it'!t

!t Ii! 1f:it: 11'1 :Jrl!i t 1!-fo!iirdlf r {l1' J!l :tfiJ!ilil .W. , llll 1'! i!-fo!i;ll'. T' :it1i: Ill ll i!il. l!ll ttll W'l!l l!ltfil
i!il ol\ 'I' (ii) <il! Jli P: '.Ii tlHlo T ,
t. 9. 1. 3
1) Jjl1~!Jiijjl(z,y ,z) 'I' 19!!fil>;I:
'V ' p-
if:.P.
a.r + ifayp2 - ?!.P.
a:e
(1.9.22)
'1 ( VJ- a(pV,) + &(pV,) + J(pV,)

p
ax
Jy
dz
=pV V+V 'V ,o

ap
ap
(1.
ap
'V p= axe,+ 3ye,+ aze'

2)
(1. 9. 23)
9. 24)
(!. 9. 25)
!Ill ii~ !Jii.i\ (c , 8, z) 'I' !<J tl!it'!t

'V' _1-~(,"P)+l_ifp+!"
p r iJr (Jr
r 1 J{f ar
(1. 9. 26)
'1 (pVJ-1.~ (rpV.) + 1. a(pV,J +"<ev.,2

r 3r
r iXJ
az
(], 9. 27)
dh
1 Jh
Jh
~p~=e +~""e,+=e
v
ra8
az~
ar'
(!. 9. 28)
(1.
9. 29)
(1. 9. 30)
55
(1, 9. 31)
x=rcosO,
x = rsin11tosO,
1. 9. 2
y=rsin6',
z=z
y = .sin'jtSin6',
z= rcoscp
<L 9. 3Zl
(1. 9. 33)
l!2~~11J:~Wl11!~11J:
1: - '1"11" 1!'1!l T "1tt!4' ~lilt: 1* *lilt: !'J 1'! l:!I: .fr 11 , ii' il :Ii Iii JL Hi f < ill ;liiE ~ ~ 1113\>; vtr:
iiiJ !'! illl l:!l:.fr :Iii!! 4ii1-JX !l' !'! ni!illl*,; 'II - ~W lll! JIB;\\ llil :/f!'J pg 1'E""" f!l ill r to ii' !It 'If ::f I!!
~ill f<f'W lll! JIB;\\ Jilf ~ !'J Ai* !JI- l'f , 1fi!i[ !'J
::f flt! !jl IE , l!IG if ill 1': ;(;" 3G !tr~ 1-11 l!lP~ 111 ~ill
PJi\lli 'II! !'! ~ li! fl<! 11 , ~ ! ~ tll W: lilt.fr h'i!illW !ii. ID't !'! Wlll! !'Ji;\\ Jilf ~fl<! 1'e li! if<f'f JX;;, 1'eli!!k l'f
r;;, 111 ~ ill :If llil 'P !itlill~ittl'I! "ittJlrlf !\"e! D J'llllll i\\r!i ~ !'J "'-[ii] JR ;Ji;l'I! at ri JR 1'1 , 2)
fliJ l[J!jl;Jt!Jll l: Wlll! :lit !if Jilli Ii! !'J !kl'f. PP itll'r-!k l'f, 3l!Jflill11' !'Ji;\\ tE Wli1 Ht l<'J fl<! :\It ilt, NP W.lii
!kllf.
ilH'flftl: tl!:=llll'I! c:.llllilt:iiiJ!'J itll'r-.fr~U mil!!!ll c fll ill! ilii a 'It i.f.. ill! AA c Tif l!1 mJL llll5r
ll!lit , 1111 !zl1 'Ifi!ij Ill Jll !<J ill! AA flt Jilli'! Jifitl Jll ill! AA , ill! i!li t!1.'I m1L llll .frllllit tE Jit"'1'ell! il<i'f r .
illl Ill c J;,l; ii!! i!li ' "Jillit:'.lil-." Jjl;-;f, ,!!! , :J!rj~ (lllttlbl':Ri!:k!KllJ< '11!'1 lilt: liiJ fii) llli' ~ill!'! Jl!JC
~ i!!l~ !'! itll'r-!l'dlf .jj 11tlill:;!Ji!!lJ/!i!l<f'f. itlJll!kf'fjj 'lit :$!':'.lit 1!11' 3 ~-iii! ill:~ ;!li'I' tE ~ iilt:;/J 'l' 'P iii! 1lt Ji!r!fJ iE it! J'f 1: ffi;IJ Jil<J!: Jl I/;!'! !l<ilf , xt r =Ill 1'1l .:::'
Ill lilt:'lb* 1/ '.!ij lit
11t
m, w
w:"
(L 9. 34)
p(x Y ,:i: ,t) I.= I Cx, y ,z ,t) ~ tP<x. y, z ,t) I~= J (.x, y ,.t ,t)
:!!; 9' f (x, y .t) ill< .f<x, y, z .t) 5'!!fl ;E fl<! , t!!.ll!::I! B iii! ii!!!.
C1. 9. 35)
il'J !lU (l\!ltltl Jll t!fll', 'fllJ!iltlJlll1l!Ji!r
~~~J;,1;AI~*~z*~~iEffin!'Jt11%.~fl<J~~:ll!itlJllJ:llin*~~~.iil!*~~li!IE
llll'f, Xt'f '!Glllil.;l(Jtllil!Jitl;;iitl Jll Tif lff p~ p, Oilii.f. , :!!;'!' , p, 'lti.f.JtllJll@:!ta !E;IJ.
1'E1'!1:!1:5l- 1fllilJ!!!l~ 'P , Rill JffiJX~ltlJll !'1 fOJ li!i~!:t!l!Ot:ll!! <Didchlot l flilllli.
!111::.;il!i/l ~ i'I' it:l!lli1'Eitll'f J:!fJiEiil!l:!i<ffi;IJ '!''11'.!'1 !1'14'' ~'f =11tfll-='lll1'11f%:$l'
U:JJ lit
(). 9. 36)
V.(:c,y.z,t) l*=f(.z,y,z.t)
J1t ~l#=f(x,y.z,t)
(1. 9. 37)
J:l:!:t!lllJll !'! ~1*1'11f %Jl!"::f i!*it!Jll"', Ill! !JU, M

fll Mm l1Jt Ell iilt:i;I< llllit fl<! i!l Jll lJll.!lH!-:1!; J: Jil-" fl<! 1lJ l1l! ;1J 1'i W: l!Jl:Rlll: it fl<! ill! 111< 1'EJ:l:1'f
:!!; 'I' .f JI! E. iii! iii l&, n fl:Oil(Jll ilii!'J1"!1l1f fi'J.
56
111%r, jit <ti 'll.l~iwLCJ:J1'.jli:]![IJ1 Eli !ltlli l :tJ'i'.

:/iii llJUl-:lf l!!!'l lt 'I' , ft tfJ ffi!J;/; lJB!JJI'- Eli f\il fl!! fl::\!! illf!' 4' (Neumann l l'iiJ l!!l
1!!@' IE :I , "'1- ll'J 1'1~M jt Ill :cf fill 'I!: :lt'I< 7l< il't :ll;>'l:J'l.5' l'f !l!~tl lif fl!l:cf fill 1i1I tm =!Ill !IE llll 'I' Eli
:r: Jl!t *it! w. .tm !li 11 'I<"' :\!! !l! i!l. w. ,1lii tm ill mt iii lit w'I< "' mu Ill< 'J,ti& w. ,"'n1<
k ~ 1it '!Ji: NP ill ffi :IJ :tJ ii\"~ liHIJ $!! !l! it! J'I. 5' 14' '1!i flt 'f' ill mt iii '!Ji: :% ii\"~ Ji Eli ll! -!l! Jtl J'I.
*m
m=
m-
.crdt.
!fl:; !II ill J'l.i?< ff J;!; :Ii! Iii:/ JtlJ'I. J:: ~ !E IE :IJ <"ill! /JI'.* l lk :II; 11< '!Ji: f"1 ~f.Ull il: f"15' 14' , xt
T =!fljlF'!fttllJi; 'lif Jl-~IJ"'llll<
[ "!+hp l..J( ~f(.r,y,t)
(1. 9. 38)
[:l;: +hp J. ~f(x,y,z,t)
(1. 9. 39)
OT/
:/ iil~JJ-:lf !l! 'I'' ti!l!li1.J'l.5'14'f"1 flil f!!f!; :\!! W:f< <Robin) fiij l!!l.
J'l. llli ;?<ff .!Ill{ii ltiili.iilJ IK Jll1 R pg 1i Jl- J'I. i!if Eli i1I % 1!!Iii ;t l'L fr !It 4' ~ 1i jJ- J'l. llli , )'I.i!if
Wl ii~ Iii; Jl!i'I' <ffl l'L RIJUI!'. l Cf ;ttJ , !)( lk J!'I #'I' fill mt l* 8'J J'I. i!if , ll'J tm iJli ffl 7); f"1 J'I. jjjf , TW JJ- ~ij l!t fl
i>tlt.
JI! 1 1'111~ ill:1f JI! jjjf J\l'lif illJ IKl!i.JJ- JO; i!'!Jll>JJ- R, ffl R" :ll;lil; Jl!ii!'Jl-iJ :1J K, ffl K., j!\j 1IK llj\ 'l'mt illJ t' l"l ~#mt l* , :/ i.t #tll lll r ' 'ii! t-lili illJ Ill: lilt R 'I'lili Ill "111 ~ Jl- :!Jillif flt!ti\ it ;I;
J!'i 1-'f IK llj\ R, fll R, 'l':fr*U lit !!I 8'J i1"~Jl-1rll!, llif:lrll! cp fi'J !l''l!'li Of jJ- ~U Ill p, f!l p, ( >$. <!>,,
<1>,, , , , l 'l<if< , 'f!i!o!l''l!'tll.:11; \!'litl'EJ'f jjjj .tiHJl!WJi!. -!E !'Ji!~.llH'f. <l ;t, fill-l'Pmt 1*:/
:JCllti&" 7J; U1'1' 8'J 11;!4' F , f!i.1J !I' lit~ ,
(!. 9. 40)
p, - p, >$. <!>, ~ <!>,
:/EJ'l. l!l J::
X>)'f =!tt11%, lfl--il' jjjf i!'f1lil!li :lt!'J !Ill. Ji: ' !l';fll'1!', liltili"lf !EJ'J !'Jtll lliJ<!<'tli:i!~, RP
ap,
l'EJ'l.jjjf J::
ap,
a.-= as
(!. 9. 41)
'il ?r, i.!fli l'l-iili '!'JI; l'l!it: JJ-:/ii IK , ll<1f mt l*li!i tfJ "I~~, flil jjjf 13'"1:)'1. jjjf Eli iii :!I! <i!i lliJJ!i It lltmt
litl@"ililM'i!~, Rp1f
V"1=V.1
~ ~~?~~=~1 a::
:{Ejlmf_t
(1.9.42)
it"'*
ll! 2 l'P11lll I!! fr lit fl'J

Ji!,;!~ Eli ' ilifmt jj; "'" j!lj f'I mt j;jl:;If> Ill< jJ- J'I. jjjf ;.! 1- )'I. iii[ :Ii! ill
mt 1*lit iii\ !II.Ji\'; 8'J ~ill oj): 12: :h 41<! IJillli ,W:l!f tE $ lilJ i.:il!l 'I' Of Ill r-'11 :!Jiil Jill) ,
(1. 9. 4j)
Wt F(r,t) =r-rc(t) =O
(1. 9. 44)
:II; 'I' ,x~<(t):;;!i; t ~rJt)i'!Jii t fltllJ mt l*J'f ]Ii[!') It lif,{ftil'., ~p$fj 1. 4. 2 1' 'I' J!Ji;j;, Jill:Ej ti f'I )'I.
ilif Ill J;l:ilf ~ al!\\,\\\ lt1'!11r f9!. :/EJ!#fi!lllt T, l\olll1!"
F(x,t)=x-~(t) =0
dF=aF+vaF=O
dt
at
ax
"' "' ' v " v'
:Ii! mt j;jl: lit.\\\ J!i ill: '
mt
dF=dF+v JF=O
dt at
, ar
(1. 9. 45)
!. 9
... '"' ill. #. ~ ii. ;tc ;JI. j,li jf( i)-;j" >fill le Jt ~ "' it
57
t)!1! 1 #1i\'Jl'!i!ii;(, !Ill !!<.1!/.11/Pl'l!i' ;IJ .J'E JI' ilil F .t ii!:;!; Bi;!Jil;~;ftl iii;ii;~.
'llljfj5'\ f'I' ~t
fl!. i!;il); mt , fl!ll :fr::li@i'E&: (!It j1Jl !lt!id'f , 1Jl ilfl,Jk{'f jl!d:; Ji tTJ ilf!Bt
Ill t~ ,O.!! 'lltJfli: ,~ ol EL5!:ilt:tli!'1' 11'.Ji.~ 9' il'Jil. llf1' hi:
'f"
1'j'
:(:ER~
p(x,y,z;t=O)=F(x,y,z)
Jl; 9' F
'lOii' B Jill ID'l!1. ;I; 00 >\l.1i\';lfH1'1it!I!:, f!ll!lll~Jltll!lli!m\ilf! ffi;IJ
1.9.3
(1. 9. 46)
p,,
R~9~~~&*~~&KSfi~~
llir i!'i 1J' ll"1'F ili T 11mt1111lilt7.l- nW'if !It ili T ill i11Jll#t ft 1llJti fl!Jld'f 1f!l 1ll ilii >1d'f o:< tu
{(#t{'f ) ' 1'Eill> lilt j} "!' 9'" ti; .(\\!1-# 1111 il!t::li1'il 1'1 l!ii ' jg ii! 'fl'-$ !'J 7.)-llf lilf lt .(\\! 1'E 't 1111 il!t;)}
nWfli - !l'l:rli':J ll" l\3 Jl"g{j "":if 31c111111'i :fr:trwil'I lli* Ill '1!:
7.ii.l!a<J;}!I!
:tr 1!! 9' ili l'\! 8'J Jill ID !I!: I 1!iC ~ JI: l 8'J Jilt 71ii !ii"11111;; !I!: 8'J !ii" !I!: l\t jg ::Ii1!l fli flJt !I.I , x'f f' 'Ell ID !I!:
.. 9. 3. 1
1ll 1';8')
*
J'i- !ii"1'Fl1Cli\l:llti;!<tt !'i/f@l\t 1.l!;!<ttilillll:frn@,
i!.E
<Ip
Cfp
iJE
l'.( l'f\J 2 !i1"1illlll:fr::lil\\jg f!ll
ap
A a.r+B ():xJt +Cat! +a Jx +h Jt. +cp-f(.:i;,t)
(1. 9. 47)
*lll ID !I!:;;; pix .t l ,x ;Ill t !It I'! ~JI:. !l! tt:liiiP J1o 1J@ 9' jl- lJI! il'J !\ lt A , B " ... c ft :lit I'! ~:II:
x *n t il'J ID!l!:llii .':j p 3G5!i. 1rl!l 9''F1l"*'E!l ID!I!:.& 1'1111 i'l<!l!:!'JlJI! l't-1.11'1 Bl Jji[. frU1J@( L 9. 4 7)
9'!'1 J ix, tJ. 11i l'l wlJl!::f :'191!'. mtllll:1J1!ljg1~1f ~!'J. 111 RI wlJI! J1"1i', m1J l\t1JWJ11fll; !'I. 11i
1r Wxt 'f * lll ID !l!:!'i lit iii flJt 11' !I!: :!!!l<tt 8'J mu l\tlt<1JWjg itt 8'J , xr 111!! o. 9. 41)1lii s ,~
cNt A. s fl1 c ft cNt x , ifll P !'I iiii !I!: w;r; 11- P il'J iii 1'F~. 11i1111lll?t11@ ~ "' !l<ttn1!l :sue m!l<tt
:tr Wmtl l1.: ~ tJ ;1; wllt It jg ~~!l!tt 1I l1i!,
2 !il"illlll'l.l-1Jl!IJ:l:1' : !l!:!'i lE g, %51i!\ 1lf7.l-jg ' :kl!!, OJ I!.( :tr m<1. 9. 47 >jg~J la a~ B'
- <.4C, i!f :/E 18:1't R Ji1 Ji;,\\\ (x, " Jil'I IE a>o, Wtltl<n1!11'Elti.!\cN!1Jl illll!!iil'I 1i!f tE ,/,\ <x, "' >11!1 ft
a~ o, mlJ tt1J@:t it< .i:i :!lilt& ll!ill!!i !'I ,i!f tE .\\\ Cx, "') 11!1 IE -"< o, WIJ It }f l\\Jlo lRi fll l!!i !'I , i!f }J" l!l:tE
IK1't R Ji1PJflf4!- .i:i!!J il'I Ji! -"< o, mtl lt::lil!ltEIB:il'I. R P9 Jlolllf!IMI ll!l !'I ,,j\-!1!1111.
tEW.mt n"" 9'i8 llJ !'I 3"lll! :l!Jf W:::lii'illi< !!!\ 1"1'F ll!l11 m.JP. fo'l l1;~ !'I 11m;;;m l!ll ll!l1I Ill w
1J 1!1 ( L 9. 18) l$ jg ti 'I!- !lJIJi:lf i'il , ti 'I!- ti J!li::li1!l jlj bu J: ill( lC lJl!llthl: T Pois,iou :If@, ii fo'll1;@
llll J1o !Mi fll ll!l :tr !!I ,
lEMili"'llllilfi!llilE1!
!II iE -1'1J 1!l , ft flll Ill '.!\I~ !!t;;;ii!J !'I -M:'l!I! Iii! ilil ::f flll 1i11 ii!. AW i'J iii iili >lit Ill\ 'Ill fll lil1: i;tjg
1Z l 1J W i!fM Fli!ll!'J lt!i1J@bn .till$#ti'f ifll lll ilfl,Jki'f Fc , fllllll ii!. AW !'Iii<"1 >lit ;l> , ljiJ l1; 111
!'I clld4'l\t 1.lii!.l11* f'I', !it T IZ!i:1rl\\, JZ!lt T fflE !'Jllll!f<f'F, mtl l1;!i' !'I !l!:'l'~!!i!i"ll!iilt jg i
11111 fiil !!ii , o\ll. ll!! :;i; fill !'iii!.lllllif<i4' )i!lllll r'1 l!iillf it Ji 3 !!! ,
1) ft :;f lll Jiil ;!kl'!' ilf !lt1fi!1J'f;!k{'f8'J )Efl llil l!iil\t jg tllil! f'J l!iili< i'Jl!'i (c.u,hy) r~ Hli
2) ft :;rl!1j'\l;f,14' ifif !lt :;f"1) Jiil *"'!'I ii!.fl fiiJ !!ii l$ jg i!1{( fiiJ !!ii
3) !!!'.fl Jil .Jl!if< ft JZ :if 11.1 Ji;;!k{4' !'I lE flf'J !Mil$ jg /!i\ it fiiJ l!iili<"1l it! fl![ f\iJ !!ii
lE Milf'l lllillll ililE tt
& ~ iE mf\iJ !!ii il'J 1111111Z i!i:l!1 1'E !'I . lli! 1.1 't cNt li1I iil'I ~!!l!i:t W, 'fti.1mil'I1:ttt fill ot!;'! T
1. 9. 3, 2
*~5*~
X;Jfl<l\\11' ili111f 1lil!ili liJ 'liB'J ll! lll""l!t Jli1 jJ- JI. m!~ ~i Yf. ;:! 1-Ji!!J;'ZW:J;;Pit ~B'J. f*Ji!! B'JP!E -11.
Jlt Jir ii: fl :111 ll'J !iiE tt . j/Jj JI< lE ll'Hldti'J ii\!: 'J' '.lt it ft ~ IJill lE. i'J mli'J JI!! 1'.E Mi" :IE Ji.~ R 'I' 8'J llr
,J,11' it . till'! !I!iJ! Ill\ ~"" 1' iti!f1f l!U!f liJ 1'f D'J 4o/J lll!"" l'il fr~ lll l>ll lfilat Cl Jif f!llM iE:lil#dt l'i'
1E 'Ii' iilll: mlfii* " ,~~ >t- '"111< r~ m8'J .,,., lli iE 8'J
iE JI!! r01mB'J:l!IP!E -tt'<E El* 'f iE JI!! J1'dtJ<. lli lit "1 , m~ jj; iE fll1!il<it li'J IJ< ll<Jl!tiltiE 8'J
l'EllMilt.h 'l' 'I' , l!l :igi[;J; :If llilfrJ iE Ji!! ii< ft!i!Xti!I'. Ml 4o/Jlll!i'.tli ( WIt!! r. 'ioli!Jf;I: pg lil:INi
l!jl;ii'J J!I Vl1 ttli l li'J ~ 'l' f~ Jct; , I.ff Cl ti\lil< lE JI!! i'J Iii Jildf! l'li'J 411! l!ltt 1lil li'J 'l!t'i'lli!ll'I
58
59
Iii :it lit ill' J<.111 ii' fL fr !It il'1 /JI!: Ii& 'I' 1'!-1' !: r\il .\\\ J: il'J 1i'J '11111: :Im Bi;h , /JI!: i! ~J;J l'.i 8'! f;;J Ji;~ :tE
31< !\if, l'iiJ l!i 'I' - !Btil!IJ<. 4e Iii$ Ills iilL fllJ :Im Jt!llll!- ! llHT 1f , iili. Ii& 'I' !\\ it'J !li}J , /Jll:Jlt "JI' ll!: Mi at lliJ
ill OF !Iii'!!' lL II!.*- ill iili. ilJ :tE Ll r 'II' 'f 111f % 'I' t!i l.lll .i l t :Y< ill:lif 'I' A:;!] Jt!l i!IJ iii:~ fof Ill itiil /JI!: il'1
Jld'f , 2 ) tr Jt Ill!. :Jd1!l !l! "' t< mi ;i; '.It il'1 iili. 1:
11> tt"' K at rm t< Fo "l Ll R :;1J 111 /JI!: 11!. it
11 , 3 l t 'IH!l. !* 1i1 11il?fL1)' l!li 'I' , /JI!: A il!l"11 iili. tll il!l1'l :;!] iiUil O!''lt il'1 /JI!: t"11 ffi;IJ , iil<tt 1': at l'iil Ll
Fo ilJ l'1 f!'.(R:O'lill /Jll:J<.l!l]);il'J, lli.itiil/Jll:ll!l il'Jlilf Ji'.jill :Ji:~~ l\i <Jil, il [! J), F ilil lti!!:Jt #~
ll!! il'1 l\I: 'If i:'li! lll: . il'J Iiiii; lit /JI[
**.
}Lflll-!t ii!f iiblll ::::itiilf ~
2. 1
tf l!! L 9 l'i 9' B l';r.I UJI , tf J;J l!lilt!!Jl! <f'lil;i;lit/Jll: il! !ft 1!l'lftJlli/fi'<!ll llL ~'f-if!P!'fl/Jll:,
"!' ilil 1 ILlJ iili.:flll\J!Jf} fiiJ L'lilL, /f 1'1Ell:~44e '!t111J.I!!.
2. L
1 211 ii 211 tJ i1i!
'it :Y<litlii' '11 ~I ill W$ !g Wd>i /!!! il'i $ M1 <I' uJ !!.(RY, /JI!: i!lllli-!ll:ii tll lf'ri il'J Jlii!ll ,ff-#'.!
r~ l!iJi 'f'f l!if "!'fl/JI[. j!l;j)' !'It l\:!lC!J L, iltilil1'\:0'I A, fll!aill~Jli;IJ :;!] p" ~~lll'i!I: (IJll:lfj il!l l !E)J
1-1 p., ITTtl/fillflli11f.olki'f "l'.'l' Jl\l
4:_
(2.1.1)
dxz-0
!. 2)
p(x~o)~p.
(2,
p<x~L)-p.
(2. L 3)
'.It li'Jllf.14 ffi.:IJ ?t w,. iJlj 1$: I; (Jlltff~lll'llti"'I; )Q fllltiili.l!Jl v Jt ZIJ :;!]
p(x)~p ... (p,
..
1-x
p.ly;~p.+(p.-p.l-r;-
Q~,4K(pl-p.)
(2. L 4)
(2. L 5)
V=Q~K(p,-p.)
(2 I 6J
,,
iZ:'I< l!ll M'f lilit 8'1 "F ilil "!'fl/JI!: , :It!E;iJ !fr /JI!: llll /f "1 :!ildfl!tt?t ctn ,mt I; fl1 ii!Jl Ji!: .,,. il'i !til!Ii "1! Jl\llE
tt li'J 'It !Ii.
2. 1.
211imi~ln!
'I' l!i1% [iij/JI[ DJ Jt J'J i!!if'!>tllJfHt~

!I! 1 f*ll~Ji!: 1!1%ll!l l!!lf ltl7JC fll!lt li'l '11 c'- o if. Mn1'1'111f %Ill tt~ lff>* tt~Jr~. i
lil:$tl>\:(L 9. 26) ,jilJ!l'raJl!iilJ'.'l'~
60
d' d '
dr(
r a;) =O,
p(r=r,.)=p.,
(2. !. 8)
p,
(2. L 9)
p(r~R) ~
:J1: cp ,r. fll R jt~lj :Jg itiJ 'f"! fll f;l]Jlj lt!!il!'f"!; p. fll p.
1!11+ !fi}J :it :/ii'fll Vii: :lt:it%1J :Jg
p,-p.
p(r)=p.-
(2. L 1)
r.,<r<R
jt~lj :Jg it Ji'iiJli;IJ;fll i'fift)'!- ffi;!J
p,-p.
'
(R)lny:=Pw+ 'R)lnr.
In ~
'I'! JI,
(2. !. 10)
ln[-
rw
r..,
Q= 1trh Kr!:t=ZrrKh(p,-pw)
dr
tn(:.J
(2. J.11)
ll; op .h J!ol!l!lll ll!llL '>'\ c2. 1. 1ololl< I\! , !EJ:t l!lf< ri>t iil.xHll::it:/ii'. Mr'ti"'# ilif i'r. tE p-r 1Lt
Jli;IJ dJl jlj ft!. !Ii 4)[!t, .lJ l!JtJ:f):;\7" Jli "1'1112).", Ell;!: (2. L I!) ii) :<tJ , Vli:ll! .!;' f'l J'f:!J'!-!'J JE,.$:1
It, ill lii Jil!JlH~ # 1iif 'i'f< It {l!'J xttt~!i ~~,
'f 141 Ji!! J'1 !E;IJ 'f 141 Ji!! ill !E;IJ i'Eli!J "\ IE 7f ;it op J!o--t-;i;; :% li: 'li! iJ ;1; 'It .Jt!i lit Jll(Xt lli ,fl:\ A
'!'141 .ep
(2. !. 12)
Jf4f'i'\(2. L !OlftAJ:'i'\#*1'11'!1! r:,!J'f!l,$'.iifl<Jili;IJ

(p,-p.)
p.,,-p,-
tR-J (1+2~~ln~)
(2.1.13)
2ln r,
lfl 2 ""f#Wllk'li:l'll::kiti!ll! '1' {t!J- o #. xff iXf+tt\'% 1f1"fll P1 ift!l!-ollH'f iiJ Ll :ey ii!:
(2. ], 14)
(2. !. 15)
p(r) =C+ Zw:Khlnr
(2. I. 16)
J:iJ:cp .c Jlkff :ll':'iit'lt .r jl',J;i& .\\>: (x' y) :'E # ,\\>: iiz:ii (x, 'y,) iJ le)lll, ap
r= [ (x- xo)l +.Cy-yo)~]lli
(2. J.17)
(2. 1. 181
iX 1-<l!'tt C i"1 Ell .ll--till~!!<i'f~ Ji!, Pl:!Jl!;Lliii;J;i&j!;f'f r-=~ p- p, ft A ,J!I C ~rfflJt

.'#, !;.(Fo41i~lilJ ,fJl;'t~Ji!ill!l!-~i4T11!tt c 14f:>i~Ji!iJ'IH&fl.
'ltl>iiJ: .!lili\ L 4.4 l\''P'f ilii A\\!i!(lC) ')C;\,i: (1,4, 32' 34l;fll D"'Y jj!J4! v ~ -(~I~'
:sl: BP \ll lfJJ
61
<}z~_J:..!L~lf..!L
dr
(2 I 19)
'
K 2trr K 2trhr
l:;I:: 9' ,q Jik.ljl.fiLJJit!ll!!i!lilt:I: ,Q Ji! h ~l.t!ll!!i!lilL:lll:. ~TR.\ ill! q>o, R.\ l'C q<D. J::;l::ifl\ ?J- .<'.
epm;;:: c2. 1. 16 J"' c2. 1. 1s i i! -t!l!>i<JIJ ;JC!l.:k'l"ilii'I' .il:ll!! <IC J fii! lllB'Jil!i'i"!l!, t:x1'f'I" iliili!.
lli~lilt~ !il'iitllll. ;;:: c2. 1. 19 l'\I! f!/lliltli!i 9'8'1 !E:iJ f!il.t "ilfilll r Ill:& It. t1f llffi!Illi:iJ #I! I.ti~
! tE ;JC~ :l&l1!1li:!J #I! it !fj 'f"'
2. 1. 3
l'li ~ p'.jJ 111\ ml
~ J!!-1''!'1*JI!; 8'J iilllll:!i! j1J! 'Ill Y.1-1!1 'F Jlii, Jll! 'Ill ~J '1'1* ilii, ;Ill;'!''! J:J h tllltl:lik !ll!!i! JJ
It, Jli '!ll l!ll 1119' tl!!l!Oll!IHi'ilf l'/ilf l!ll?t J>'i''l"<J> r, 8'J liiJ t'i'l>Jt. lll!!ll'i'"*ll!f:li'dJl!itl!l. JI. , IP
~111' 71'1ll! ;lli;iiiHiUE J:J p,. WHI! i'iJlt iliJ 1iJ 'If ft Ji!JtJ!!; lol C. lilt
Ell 'ii: CI. 4. 33) Jilt (L 4. 35 l ft! Darcy IE 1$. i:ii~IJllltEJ:!;'i'1*. W~~
if'~_l'._g_
dr
(2.]. 20)
K2n?
:It 'I' ,r Ji!>Jt.C, !11llltli!J'i'1>Jt11< 'I' ff: :11'.B'J - ,#, 8'J ill. IJ\I , l: 'ii:!>\ :fr !it /:fl
p(r)~p
+-91.:(
x . . .!.r I~p ... !kc(
ZttK r..,
2ttK '--'I
r
h
(2.J.21)
Ell 'ii: (2. [. 21) 1iJ~11!W: I;

(2. !. 22)
(2. [. 23)
2, 1. 4 i!l 111 .t Ii :t.J 5} l'f'j .! ~ JI jij l!lJ ml lllJ

mi JI! l!llJI!; l!l.J'f J::lli:iJ 'f lik'll!' 'll<, ilii likl!J 1.t e 8'J if1! e Jill il!i 'll<. !!I'll: o. 9. 251 ;Ill; ilt Ill! r~ Ill
'""Ill:
Ji'.(
?.P.) +1~=0
r'dr r&r
.,.t.(J(f
(2. !. 24)
p(r.,O)=p,(0)
(2. !. 25)
p(R,OJ=p.(0)
(2.]. 26)
Ill :ll:!!HtAIJHfHl'J!i~iiE:1Jl!i! <2. L 24 l '1!'!11111!

lnr,
. rcosa0 1
r"sina8
:It 'I' , a JI, 1lt ~ Ill J:J 11i1!\lik!J<tt8'J , PJi !!.! Jill OJ Ill !ill.'ll<~ii' !\1
p(r,0) = c0 1nr
I;r"(a.,sinaO
~r-(c..sinaO
!., b,wsaf})
+ d.cosalJ)
(2. 1. 27)
;II; 9' ,,,.a,.b.,,.,d, ill>lik'lit'll<, 1:j r. oX.~, 'E in rl! l!l.J'folki'flil ~.

Jl -:1Jl!i , I& Jlil Fom;., !ill 't<l!fl:J\>; , l!J.J'f il!i 'ti( p. C8l ft! p, (Bl OJ'.&' litI& tl1% >\ Jzil 'f ,
p.,(8) =
2.: (W,.sinnO + W' ~cosn8)
(2. 1. 28)
62
p, ( {/) =
;(Eil,\!I; j,f,
:E (E.sinn8 + E ,cos1J8)
1
( 2. 1. 29)
r, ;( e- n !11:14!-"I" ill~ Jf. !Ii .Ill! Founier J)-jff lff Jll ffi.1J !l'i 'Iii: p Cr, Olflt e fl'J JWj l!ll!ii 'Iii:,
M:% Zn, l!SI llif n Jli;( lE ll! 'Ill:. ~If~ llE, El! l!1 !Hiid'!' <2. 1. 28 l *11 c2. 1. 29 J ap lff lil1I !ii f!1'
(2. L 27 l 'I' li'J 1lt 'Iii:. f liJlll< 2. L 27) :ii'IM! o I!! lE lll;'lll: ftWclf 5l-*tl!I( r ~ r. cfU R, E ill !i .LjiJ:
( 2. L 28 l c1U c2. J. 29l fl'J :ii' Jiii Ill .. , ~lit!it lll lilll IE 1it 'Ill: li'J Jl!i i':if llL
...
JWJ
2: (il'"sinn8 + W' .cosn8)

= colnr.,
+ b,.cosnfJ) +
L;~(a.sinnl'.l
~r;"(c.sinn8 + d~cosn8)
(2. J. 30)
2: (E,sinn8 + E' ,cosnO)

= c0 lnR
2.:R~(a.sinnO
+ b' cOS11.8) +
0
2:;R .. "(c~sinn8
+ d,,cosn8)
(2.1.31)
11!.ll'i Fouder ~'Ill:!!!! JI':, :if llH2. 1. 30) cfU ( 2. I. 31) jl!j l!1 sinnl! *11 eo,nO li'J JI\ '111: ffi Jl-*~ fll 'i!' , RP
1l
c~lnr,.+b 0 ::::W 1 0,
ao=O,
cnlnR+ho=E 1 o
0
a"~+c.r; =W.,
b.~+d.r;"=lt
(n~l)
a,,R"+c.R-"=E~,
h.R"+d,.R-"=E'.
(n~l)
El~
w10
' - IRI
In -
r,
'
(2. L 32l
(" =
iJ:(2.
!.
32) 'f' n:;,,J
E.r'; .... W.R
D.
E'.r:,- W',,R"
D.
,D.-R":-i:,
r,
ill Jt 1'f J\\, '1i'l!lJ'i.lii!i 'Iii: p.(0) *11 p.(8) B Jll, :it~'lll:ll7f il: 'I' , Jl\'111: W. , W'., E.. E', lit.Ji', B
Jll t1!, ffllj El! ii: ( 2. I. 32) lff ~~ii'll lillif!1' ( 2. I. 27) 'I'~ 'Ill:, 'f :11! [r.,R] Jlltfl'J JE;IJ l!IJ p(r, 8) lit
fe3::~r.
gJj 2. I 11!l!lJ'i.!fd'f';f;
-~O:o;;;;:tr
p,
p(R,8l- { O
j;.J;3jt
w:."'
0~0~1(
-,;;;8,;;;o
~ l1t fl'J lli.;IJ 5)-./fi '
1111 LJ:itli1J'l.t1!1i!i/Ji Fourier ~'Iii:, et J!\t?ilJ p<R. 8> fl;. 8 (!'J 'l) iii!!!:, ffeU1f
p(r..,,fJ) =W' ~= p.,
= p, +'!J::., ( sin&+ sin30
P (R 'f})2
:tr
3
+sin58
+ ..,)
5
63
E',=~,
E.=D(njjl!'f!:J
E.=;.;;'(nilj'fl[)
'/lli! ;!lfi\l:fi;All: (2. L 32JRP 111

R
p.lnR-p,ln-z
v~=
ln(R/r,.)
,
ao= 0 '
b.=O
{,d.=O a..=
{o
.
p./ 2-p.
co=Jn(R/r.,.)
{o
(n flll'f!:l
2p.r;(niJ'f{)
n1rD.
(n {l!'fj:l
llllltfi1l~!li:fHHl;lll
ll'J 2. l
(n~~)
c.""" 2p,r;.
n1tD
0
'ilfl!;J!!!J\'f!:f'tA.Ji#IC2. !. 27) .eFolll!liiJ!t,P

In .~
P.! In ..!'.. +.. p

p(r,fJ)=2
I",.
r+2P .L.:sinn&(r:,_r")
"'
R
In-
v,=-Kap= iJr
1(
nD"
(2. 1. 33)
r;.
r"
Kl p,2 - p.,.. I+2p.K:Lj.sinn0(r!;._r")

;arr ~ D"
rIn -R
r"
r;.
'
c2.1. 34l
Q--f'
rhv,<)6=
2nKh( p, - p )
2
l nR
(2. 1. 35)
r.
'illll: c2. 1. 35 >1' c2. 1. 11 l i'll lt:fJlf o!I tlJ , iE '1'1'1!!1Jlil i!ll'Lt'i!ldlf!liil p, 1'iE'il1' l!!I JliJ i!ll'I- J:
'l*l.f!EJJ ~ !Jiill'if il'J f'tt:li!:i'll lliJ il'J. IO\ Jlt!J!!lli. 'f .lliiiE ~JI iE7rl21'1-lilttt, mIii! J: '!*l.f!EJJ p,
!;:; iEl\!:1' l!!IJlil 9ritll'I-J: 'i*J.f !liil'{,;, l'tPJiillil'J i"':ll:li!:i'll l\!il il'J, ;t!J 1'l
Q,=2f~1J::s:'"")
(2. !. 36)
JI! !lt!f!l , 1lJ' JO( lit tlJ i!1 J'I- J:!J1jj 'I";t!J fl il'J ~!\ ' 8:i
Q __ hrf"" TJ,.dO _ ZtrKM,E' Q - W' Q) _ 2n:Kh (P,-
ln(R/r.)
P.. )
/ln(R/r.)
-..&_Rp.= 21tKhln r w +Pw
Jt . "~~ 1'l p, , 7ri!1J'I- J:!EJJ il'J 'l';t!JilX.

---------------~--
....
64
2. 2. 1 -M!l'.5.J'IJf
Xl'TJ;J ,'ltJtl!liPF i!!li\"5!1;i1:. "1J Ill ;!l[ 51' lii!i'!i:l!ll iio1! at 4'111! fiiJ Iii! :k JJill!1t . Ji Jtll! fll '1611-211.
' Iii 'Ii: B'i 5IJtli!R<il.
lflllt
xtT'f ilifli
mi ,1lJ
2. 2. ]. 1
;1:; iJ;
!;( 51 l11' 'iii 'Ii: 
V.=-Jx'
iJIJ>
V,,=-Jy
jjJj Si ,;: ( !. 9' 18 ) ' 'f i!!li"' ii; mi :!f jl! :IJ
d'l:'i't:!f1l! <1. 6. 9J , oJiJI l11'miili 'Ii: <x. y J 'ii! ;i;iilli Jil
V,~-~.
v)'
V,=':'
u.X
(2. 2. 4)
it 1-mi Pl! 'ttil 1i!' iJ!,l>f IF I!! ti! Ill Smi !ili 'tt . >!'. <2. 2. 4 J 9' ,IE ff! 4'Jl:A :IJl!t lE B'J ffi >l: <2. 2. 2 JfP
a'+if.i.=o
Jx2
J:V
(2. 2. 6)
liW ff 1f1l! (2. 2. 3J, (2. 2. sJ fll (2. 2. 6) e<J '!\' lili fl: <P(x, y )fP ilf.ili'!i: (x, y Jl>F Ji i!!i 1-:Jli!iil e<J il!lfP
rl!i'llt, l1i! ll! 211. 51' lii!i 'ttl!I! TI>; , !ill!,iil Cauchy Riemann il'd'i' e<J i!!i1-il!f fll iii Iii 1lJ !;( #l Jl1t -1-Jllillf !'J ll'
'.It !ili'I& w <l , ~ {EliJflti1>:"'1IKl!!it9' w<Jilt il!J:I. 4if .l!t!J1llif! ii! B'itH!i 'il''IJI',
W(z)=c;l:i+iip,
.z=x+iy
(2. 2, 7)
-1-1' ilif ll!.011H>li' ii! Jl.11-1-lif! lE B'J ;!i<;\l lii!i 'Ii: W <.J , llLt, -1-Jllillf B'J Jr'!\';;; 'Ii: w <zl iJ!,
lit ft~-1-'f illiIill;!I; !IL ' !'(JI,., !!I' 211. <;\\ riJi 'Ii:;$:~* 1Jl:1! tr c2. ?I; !if, :ft JC ill El ' it ti'-* ' llij!
'I' ill~~ ~mi fiiJ l!i. >!: ftRlt;J.;J<Ji 5l'iE 'Ile w <z) Jilti"i1-:Jli *1!"'1 JIH fll liO !& ~ ~ '.11;/iW le ill JI'!!< l'f
"'1 IBJ I!!
'Ii T ll'I\' liO 'tt w(z J Si ;!;'!I; llillif>lt tll ll<:IJ :fr ;/Jr ifil w <z J.!:; ill!!: :fr:lll: B'J Xe 1il !\T
(2. 2. 8)
65
d~~.:::),..,,_CV,,+i1l 1 )=-Ve'"
~ ;!} ~!f!i;![J!!t
;It"', v Jl!cJ!!lf !'Jl!i~~ii!,. ft!ltJ!!t !'J!r r5i , gp
(2.2.9)
tg=
v
v'
'
2. 2. 1. 2 l,f Bi!!!*1ll1!!!!;tl!:!I:iE'll:
x&'f 'f iii fllililB;iJlt: , OJ k'l liE ffJj 'li' Iii i1IG (IP 'li' il!'ii< l ; iJlt: ii< <IP il!1' .P i1IG );ill li iii A !!; !Iii J: ,il!1'
!!i!lt'llt IJ!tii< OJ :lt~tlJ< .it

r;P(,x,y) =c1
(2. 2. 10)
(x,y)-rz
(2. 2.
i!!ltilllilHt"l' jipJR, tr ;f; 'I" iii ill! ii< F Cx , y) =, !'J lJJ i11G 1r !lj}
F'' ~, (.:r- XG) + F' y (y- yo)= 0
(2. 2. 12)
;It 'I', F' .,
'lit F' ,,5)-JllJ''i!!ii<:::'lit~=1'E.\';\ M, (x,,
y,) !'Jiil:, IP ill! ilJ<J: f.r,(!'. -
JJ)
,Ii, !'Jl'J] ilJ<;!ij$ ;!}
aF
Jx
(2. 2. 13)
k--aF
ay
!!If ~l 'I" ilii 'I' ff ;f; - .Ii, M <x , y ! JU: ll!1' !I! iilG'llt !lt:IJ< B'J >lil>!' :St ~U ;!}
ill>
;;[
Jx
Jx
k1"""'-i)($
ki"""-&11
ay
(2. 2. 14)
ay
/t;!fj!J !P j .p 2J'1!'1 Caucny-Rie.,,.nn ~1\ (2. 2. 5) .il:BP:<Jtll!

k1 k =-<11>/Jx i>l>/ay=-1
iJll/ay
a<Ii/ax
(2. 2. 15)
Ell It ill t!J !Ii ii>: , x&'fl!J !It Ml Ill , iJlt: 1iJ 'I'$Iii ii<!JIO 'lit !It: ii<IJJ;;lll lilE )<'
2. 2. 1. 3
!!!M;1ilf!!#l!1Jtl~a
1'E JB;iJlt:f.7 "l' 'I' Jil! lit 1Jfl! !!JJ ii'! !r!!il 1'11 :ltl l'Hfd4' illlJl!ciilGi!t ii'! , :<Jt ll\!ii<tt!r!!il !'J -1- It'll! 11121
l!tll!!;f!J Jll !!;JJUl!i\l.l!, ~lli\l.l!OJ<l!iii ;!} 'i/!i !P, = !P, (x, y, z .t )'lit !P, = !!>, (x, y ,z ,t) 1J li\\tt'i\'Vc liil
lll:St:lr!!il L <IP!= o ii'! il!f1-1'11!11. ~at Ill !'J if.-ii<tt!llil'
cP=c1tfi1 +ci\P~
(2. 2. 16)
t!!.Jll L (!P) = 0 il'J-1"1\\'fi, ;It 'f, L ft!/tiei<ttlll:ltJ!I T, {llj Jm1J'*1! ( !. 9. I 7) cp

ififif!J
L(
ay'+az'-Xat
,, Jiil ,, }JfUtllt!llJ:. -ll!:M!, il!i !P, = !P, Cx. y ,z .t) ,; = !. 2 ... ., n ill< L( !P) ~ Oii'! n 1-1'11!11. ~U
(2. 2.17)
t!!Jl!c :!r!!il i'J f!ll ,Jll: lit 1111 ' rlt :ltl J'l'jj;,f'f'lll iE 1111<1 jj!j) T iilll Ji! :ltll'l'l'i: i'i' di:.!J!f ;t <2. 2. 17l ii'!
>!<:Jiii lJ l!i!JU.lt'i'J',
i/!i Eli'l!lf~(IJ;lj!Jl!'11t& ii'! Cl!.!!' L 9. 3 11') , ill] ~U!r! CL 9. 15) 'I' (I] q(r ,t) IA ;tJ!,4f 1'f
66
!I\~
>nlf Ill iii tB '' i'l'!I\ :In'< ui ff-!Hw .i;, mu'' i'l'!I\ :lrN B'J MOT'.!'< Ill;
tP= rlJo +ci 4>1 +c2ii
f1i
lf>u
(2. 2. 18)
~c/P1
(2. 2. 19)
.~1
(',( J:;l\l;lltll;'.ll' ii!il/lft iilil'f. XLl~ii!i 'i&t!!:l!dm Jt. llil 19 if ;t! i"i1"lil<i!\i1" VJJ:liHITii!i 'I& i'J iii
tt!!l il'illMJliMtfi B& JI:, Fli (',(if :ll!: li'i t-ll!;i!\i1' VJ J::JI! !!' il JI: B'J lilett!ll ifill li!\ft~llil'Pillt: i#J B'J
:!!: !!' ii!i 'IL
2. 2. l. 4 ltlifil<'lllil.!~l\th'1
il!tli1 li< Hit J:Jl! J::\J>ilbn Jil(!ll! li'J -#11\'!Jl:!l'.!IJ, fJi!! T ltillt: B'J ill 'IE 'I' .!l!t l!di'1~ :k J.ll
!(I: , 11\'~Ll JI; flll 'IE !1' <1!1 tF II\ iC !(ClJ! l li'J ~ :i!I 11
* l!lJI'. Mlli: iii:

l'i'
<
l1X: 1111 JllJ !'J 'f ill':!Kl!!: :!Ii!!' iJ!JI'. iW
JI' ) II!i4t #di ii< tJj 'il .I!. !'J t!Cil!! tt

!!l\ fi'Jltll!if IJ1!'J ?li:ij!: Jll\!ll!. t\!:11' L, "7it!Jl'. !'J B:Jit D 'l''ll' -il!JWiC '. 1'\'{ i:Klilt D (',( !'f
l'l' $:llt:i'!-il! i!l(iC "' or li!~li'i !!l11\iCif Jll;JEi B'J illt:jji!lil Ji!i!!JI'. z,, J::B<J ;r.f'f. m~ l"Fi!l(iC ,, Jl! ,
'f Ji!JI'. L, !'J\l!\I!. B:Jlt D 'I' jj[jjiB'JJlllt;l\l; Eb j!\j ill 11\iC!'J MilhnWIll;. Jil(fflLlJ: , J.ll ~#:Olli Jl)
V) iii lli !Ii Ji! if :I!: it1 Jl'.;r.{'f B'J J1 'f i'J:X& 'f :!( '1< !'J Ji! JI'. ,!if J'it tlJ il!if II\ iC ltt;l :!!: ;\; ,ii 'Ii!' R \il{';'f
rm lllt ii1 :ir- '111111 tt rm lllti!l JI'. tElt!! cit !It: 'l' lit Jl!lll: lil< 1$1Iii :ii:lil:fJ\!itJt! :ir- vi lk 1!!111'm:ir- ,
il' Jt<Jf 91: lli: lilelt! JI'. , ill: .i;- .i; (x y t) fE J: '-'!' 1iif (y > 0) !Ii Ji! iii lit ?l-:tf 11<
(2, 2. 20)
1(.r,0,t)=O
!'J m. it< .i;cx ,y ,t) .R'l'E y >o '-'!' iili"il' )E)( 'lll in llj l',{)'E )( -1- ~& y !'J if ii!i'i&' ap
(2.2.21)
(2. 2. 22)
<f>(x,y,t)=-4>(.r,-y,t)
jjjf Je 1'.'i>lii!l: ji[f!i'llJ T 'i<'f' iii y<O
.t. ~fl'i<t11f T 'i<'!' ]Tij y<O J: !'J ill/lf[ .i;(x 'y ,t) 1$1;1 J: 'i<'f'
]Tij y > 0 .t B& lli1 .i; (x , y ,t) !'J ;tj !!<it ii 'i&Jl!: # %il! f4t ii!i lli1 , ~p 'i; l!O' 11\iC.!;',II; \I! ftl!'J 5!i\ Ii'.;(!, xt iii'
*ff "lil'T"' lff IL l'lixl: (2. 2. 22) )E SC I'! 1lt iil'll:f1E'f'illi .tl'<J !Ii Ji!;l.r1'! (2. 2. 20), iElCI'.'< y- o !(I:
ai!l: ./Iii le .i; (x , O, tl - o , Eb 'f !\' i& I/If[ .i; xt x (Jg I f!li"lr 'i&Jilr y !'J if i& lli1 , xt y !'J l flit "'i&;l\l; y
!'J 1'! ilii Ji: , a
a4>(x ,y,t) _ ~ a4>(x, -y ,t)
(Ix
dx
'
a<P(:.r,;y,t) =
iJy
+ (}Z)(x, -y ,t)
11.Y
(2. 2. 23)
llil l!! o"'Y JE !!< mu "il'

V_,(.x,y,t)= -V.,(.x, -y.t),
~~ll)j 1: 'f i!'j1' 'i"'f ilifJ: !'J tn(~ I'!! ft:it19il!f4t,
ll,.(x,y,t)= t1''"(x, j!.t)
(2. 2. 24)
Eb (2, 2. 24) '1'! li! I A, 'iE y- o :llJ; Y, - o, a x
Ill! .!;' W: lile 1i:ii: Y Ill! .!;' !It: lile lit iL

ir'f .i; c,, y , t >t .r> o 'ii 'i< '!' iii'li Ji!JC Jl. t x - o :llt 19 :!Ii ;\'Ji! JI'. !'J Iii' JI' , 1lJ' ;i; 1E Ii'~ MJ::
Jal !'J itll: .
il!if 1.111!! Of !ll 'f <>PI ;m ~ o !'J 'f ill'7J< lli: lileit!JI'. tilt JI', ill Ii' y - o "7 l!l JI'. ,.i;cx , y .t I/Iii Ii :Of!il
( 2. 2. 20) 'ffl. 'E:lili Ji!!'JJt!J'f.'1ki'f"'
67
,)'li(x,O,t) ... Q
(2,
ax
z. 25)
:f1;[!'1'11!f l r, iE Jl -1- X'/ .Y lJ 11!1 il!i 'ltleJj;!!I; i!EJ!1:!1J k'!' ill, NP

(2. 2. 26)
;)f!(x.y,t) ... +iXZ)(x 1 -y,t)
i)f!(.c.y,t)
1P(x,-:>1,tl
ax
ax
'
a:>'
ay
ol'(x,y,t)J< iW/ay'I y=O ltl:i4;jjl;, ffi;l:;(Z. 2. 27)liS 2 ;l:;;fU Datcy )Eji!'OJ'!IJ
V~(.-.r.y,t)=Vx(.c,-y,t),
Vy(x,y,t>=-Vy(x,-y,t)
(2. 2. 27)
(2. 2. 2S)
ip 'IE y= o ltl:, v, ~ o. '.l't m~ x 11l!!l!llli'IJ1. 3l<llf.!!iit: lff 1'1!!f$(f1'1llilll'ta ilf1'l'~t1 "'1 It 1'111!1\l!fg(ll<
f'il~i!llt.
fl< l:Jl!x&7i1lil C2. 2. 20) J1!ffltii>:!'J , PPll!{ltlJl(!!l!X'/4'!11.:$!il'lili: i!!Jl!Jlilll ll'J, 11\'~rjJ;i! X'/ 'f
1\1:!;!ii'1lli', j!: ff] 1lJ \!,( !ll ;!['.i)'il!i l'J(f \!,( ltl:!!I!. X&T' \!,( x 1iJ! (y = 0) 1'] l'J)'f lJ il!ll!1'!, '1T IB:Jl< y > 0
8'J !l(j[!ft If: ;![Jll JJ W, (<) , .~1 :( y= 0 ltl:#'l~Jlll'J)'f 11!f (IC r'I y>O Jl< cp 1J ;!( Jll '9
W(z)=W1C~:)-W 1 Cz)
(2. 2. 29)
;;:; 9' ,w,(z) il!mx'I W, (z) I* z VJ ~f !'J 41- ;![l'J(Jfit:!\'111! ii![. 'f'llliiiE '11! , Bi 'f l'Ell:i!I! y= o l: z= z,
1&1!
W(z)=W,(c)-H' 1 CZ),
;:(y=o_t
(2. 2. 30)
Jil Iii , l'l:il!m ;![JI/ w<z l R 1! !fl l!ll. IP 1f

<l'=O
tEy=OJ:
(2.2.31)
Flf fl< l'E y = o t.111' IE iE Hi IP ill' Jll 11'1 l'l J'f ~dlf Bi 'f w, <z l 11'1 ill( iC {;I Ji " JJJ '! y > o 18: 9' . I&
W,< z) !'J'lil' ,\\\ Ui:lf ;, J;J {;I 'f y< o !l!;<I', NP y>O 1't <P*lii bn'lil' .\\\. 1lJ !ii. W, (z ll:i W, Cz) (!<Jilt.!\
illllt.iEJlf !!,( y = o 1' M>'F. 2'.!!tiiE '11! T;;:; <2. 2. 29 l !ii: :t: lJ .!! Jllii!i !'!<J111 JE iW!C :$:H\i*11 J'f iil ,fdlf
ll'Jlil.
f'il 1'11, J&'f 11 x 1iJ! (y = o) '9 )'f ilf (!<) flllli!fi'<. ~ y>o i!<'i'W!C!it iB 11'1 .!!Jl. n w, Czl mrJ '! y
~ oltl: 1'!'l'E ;i; i!'i J!(il.!J'f illdlf r ,;t;![Jll ii!i 'll>: !Y.
"
WCe)=lt' 1 (.c)+W 1(2)
(2, 2. 33)
t;J:!ft .~tE y= o JI! ill !:. ~ o. IP J'f ill y= o '.!( Jllitllili:lll. 1:5l:tE.iilli ta WiC :S:Hll.
:i'C!lz , '11; Ill J!Elill J'l: lmJ Jli! J'f ilf Clmitt ilf li!fi'<l l'E~lili::h 'it9' . 'i''ll'r!Y l< lmi%1f JI! Ji!!/4! 9'- D
illl L'lf !'J f'iJ ii . ~& f Ill. ;g; ~ill: 00 Jli! l'l JI! , .}:( l!li :ll!li! Hi fllilil'l'JJ'f , lfHll!& 'itl: !'J Iii. ill~ Ji\ 51" .IF. ~
~ liFW-.!\lfit'IE llll G" llll ll'J 4'12 R. ~u im P>J W' 'f .ii. ,, ltl:ll'JiWlC:i'Cli!l!t'IE rmi 7r R' 1. M:. Ji l!.!'1T
lmJ P>J iW lC f1'J ;![Jll JJ w, <z >, JllJ fl':f lmJ Jli! iE !liil.!J'f flt ill T , 1tl!'. Y; JJ
"
(2. 2. 34)
;s:J)!Jj< ~ii! 1'!
2. 2. I. 5
~!lll:!!l!li'!ilill:ll1Jftil!ft
l'E 'I' ilf111.'5 ;ill;lili: 9' JiY.ffl ;![~Iii 11111! I!.! r 1fil!z 111: ,
D it'f ~1li/ii! l!'ll'Jllli' ~ , Bi ill: ii' :h'li'9ill\R, Bill 11'1;![Jll!iiil!1J['lf;.!11' lll :l!:Jllii!i!&f!'J '*llll
lll iiO Jllll'J ?l-1\f , ll5l iil lll J!!E:h ?l-1\f ,:![Jll ii!i 'll>:f!'J a l!l>:li\ill: ii!i It ,:l llo ii!i !& lJ 1l'NXlit :t: Jli Ill'?t 1\f
---'-------------"'"'"
os'I'
z
*a
ilr. v- !'J
ii!iJtt
It iID ~iilf. '!' ~lil.lill -%!1'1t I\\, i! 11iilt .I\\ ff, (al !ltliii , VP ;jj
o .I\\ , <El!E,I\\ ~ iilf ~
{ '2'"1i: <!:!\ l}'l!':IJ l'l , ( bJiJili[,<li\ , VP i!!l!'.:0\1 JG'H:k!'J .I\\ , i!J!-f'l-1'/t Jlf .I\\ , tri!l'i .I! J: lli:~
fi!i irt !ll3':' (c) ;l<F.!!ll!ll Ill#.!. i!!I! !il'W.~ Ill);'' lilt~!!! JI! ffl.:;f:!ll)l: 'ill!J!t:0\1 JG'#:k' (d)ff iii( ''fif
m.~ ;,iilf !il!<EJtt!ll 3': . Jt'f:iilf !il!.ok'.l!'mh!iii, '111 f!J Pi ~i liltiJIJ!llr'iit fil !'l fi1Jf, x-t 'f ll<"" fBI l!i tl'tl'
11! Ll Jt nt*<"f 1-r.i li!fn iilf iliJ . f!lJ tlil '1'1Tlilt .'Jill .I! , jlj'll!J!!;;J<tt;t;JJa !ii0lllilt1T1i' tm.
2J M 'f !!! IC ,;i Jli ~ 1l !;l(Jil !Ill f!J l!ll Jlil iliJ'I. ilUilJ lciJ l!i , 11f Ll "11 !ll ill ff. li!(l!l1~ ;;!; ll! !Ii :0\1 iit 'I'
ilil ilL i9J 1111 l!i , )),, ilif ilf r; J![jj;'.lij tll ;Vt;,l ii' fl 'It, il!fl<l1: llJ!ll!I IS!i'!ll 'f (a)'li ;J( f!J Pl i!!ll'i .ill Ill~ lilc
Pl!!!/!:' Cb) n IBtn !RIB !Kl!! Pl!!!/[, (c) ie:IB"' ;Vt;tJ.!llmUIB:l!t !Kl!! Pl jl\(i['
3) 't'f *%!il!111.ll:~l!J.!lf.IB:l!tPirnVI(iliJ,11f uiiiii!i!ill 11:~itn'tA1l1ll 1!! ~mu iliJ'I. Pi rn
iffi: iliJ x.t 'fi! !*A 'fif Ill li!lt! .J'i' Pl (!<J iii. il/J , ilJ' ti' J:J ill jg( Iiilllll 1'11 ii' bu JJiUJ! Jl'll 14! tll 1' tE ~ ~ "f iiii
'!' !'l ,l li' t!i !tt. ~Fu jlj';i<J !ll lli. 'll:~:;tt i!!W llll 'I' llif J: rn :t >l' oo'lt,
2. 2. 2
Ill a ~ il1i llJli >.1< $ 111; M lA! il!l
~J - ,J '1'i ~ ttJl jjj 1' lll'iilf il'J .l1: >\' ei!i 'ltlllTif !1'.*-1' 'I' Wli!,i$ii/i lilt . ~ fll llJ Ll IA lit"" f.i! 11!
,!! l'I ei!i 'II. tll :Ji: Ji<'j;jf 'ii:'(;' (fl lif
ft"" 1i'1 Im: illJ
ljl'fjl<J$Jiilt:Ci'l!!>i<I$JiJlll
"!'Ji>:l 111 ill '11.:0\1
2. 2. 2. I
fl'J tm.illl.
*" 2. 2. n
<
(2. 2. 35)
W(z)=-Vo.t
.m~ ff l'I
wn ., f!llilt wn ,, *~'Jn
<P=-Vox,
=-Voy
(2. 2 ..'36)
v' = - -iJn:ll liltl, 11'5'\
(2. 2.1) ,;Vt;JEfJJt;/ffjg

(2.
tm.liil'l'lilt~Jl,"ffr'f x
z. 39)
Iii! !'J Jl'~, '1l'l'I !i<J!,"ffrf y 111!!'1 Ail!<,
2 2. 2. 2 :>tf!Nx'l"ilii'f'iliC
'tll> .!!: 'ii' ei!i 'It jg
W<.z-)=- q1l'Jn(z-zr),
2
f/(J l'ffi: ;;/), 4111( .ia Xo - Xo + iy, ~J !$, .ia z - x
zQ=x,+iyo
(2.2.40)
+ iy ff)~ liJ IE Jl\l :0\1 r, 8 5\1 .< l'J" :Ill; r ; + x Iii! (l<J !IC
ill m1111f"' .lilt

W(z)=-f;r[lnr+iO].
z-z 0 =rr)P
(2. 2. 41)
69
dW(z).
(2. 2, 42)
dz
r/J(r,8)=
\t'(r,0)=-f,rlnr,
V,.=l cos8,V,=
2'l':r
(2, 2. 43)
qtr0
2
isin&,V=~
2:rrr
(2. 2. 44)
2.1!'r
(2. 2. 45)
iJl::li!:JGm:k 'Fi!if 9'11'.'f R.\ "" if'J .ql.1-llf:ICil'Jlll\jjiJ. 1'11'~!.i!! 1'1.1\\ '" ;\/ llll ,G, fl'l ftiJ '"'Ill/ , llt!J!Jl!iilli
ii ll. Zo (i'J{l!fi;J liJ< ,q :liHJl!lCll!ll!' , iE .ff C'J llf: <it'A.11') flt .ff ;\/IC ('.f'11') , llJ :\J llf:j[ lll\"1 fli !\'Ii\
,l>\I iii! 'I!: lb M'l!:!fr ti: , Jjf Ll ill!ICX !!<M'l!:il'f g. "! ,-o. v-=.
!l!lllllltilb
:lt ~ ,![ >\' iili 'l!:Jit ;)ii; .if 'I!:;J- ~IJ ;\/
2. 2. 2. 3
W(z)=z~=~r"e 1 ' 0
n
n
~~~-~}=az"-i=ar-!eC-
IP=~r"coslJfJj
(2. 2. 45)
(2, 2. 47)
i)a
<f=~r"sinnO
(2. 2. 48)
x= ~ar"- cos(n-1 )0, v,.=ar"- 1sin(n-1)0

(2. z. 49)
ll:i.i!!!l!ifl !l!il!J, olf n= [, ;11;!11 lf".Eff :I: 'l!l! tfif'~ roJ , IP Iii' 180'ifl (!<] lllt ijlJ ' -a 1:.Jilllti!. ~n= 2'
N~ 'li'>\lli!<;li; x' - y' = '!t'l!:l!i- ~](ill!!&;, iJl!!J<jl, xy = Jit:ftt(i'J-~]( ii!!!!!. 8= O fll 8= n/Z 't 1"Z
'f /;= 0. :{Effl\A( dW (z) I dz= 0, t;!:;\Jilt ,g , J!\l*\11,*;!;!IEA\. Jjf Ll n 111.!ii ~!l!!l!ii iflil(i'J:i(lj"
IP nIn n>I Ji!I! ~ l!J ril 111! <t!IJ ill l ll'J lllt iilJ in< I ;Ii!; !I!~ if! !'f 111! <8 l!J l Iii llt iliJ , l111 l!!l 2. 2 P!i iii ,
\7
11111111
I
I
I
I
O
"" I I '
I O: I f
o
I I
'l!~ilf'"
....;J;;;.,n:=t.;a,,;h
i;"' ""
(di
\f)
-~---.,,,---------------~w-
2. 2. 3
Ill A ll!J 1.i $ >J< f!l1
J: - /]\ l'i jjf J'I. J JL l'f l!I: llif!~ ITT hf(ii!J 11'1 m'i;!Li\1;-@ ITT [ii] li!jbj Ill !I< to lil\!!1! i1! IT*' m.
2. 2. 3, I ?tl!l:k '!' flli 'I> f:ES f, CJ ;If 1':1 ll!i<ll
ii!36m:k'F JUi'li ff >i:$ 1:1 .;t uL'ii'.JJ-%11 Jl; ., ,,, .... ,... Ill' :!itJJ-~iJ,, q, ,,, .. ,q., 7'! :JC
Rl.:k'F w'1' ilr'f ,!,\ lilt :!It 7' q Jll.itil'J :t JJIC '1S Ii: 1' oi: c2. 2. 40) Jjlf~i'J x&Ii: oi:. ti! Jl!ill1m l!\.E'I!.
x& !lli<Emlilf J'l.lt'J [ii]llJ!, llJl!Ul"l tB J>;!(t!' fiiii: 7'
*,
I
lV(z) =- - '.'EqJn(.z - z,) = 211";~1
'
2_jq,(lnr,
2.tc ... l
+ iO,)
(2. 2. 50)
(2. 2. 51)
(2. 2. 52)
1"'
v ~ = + z... .::_.q, x-x,

,- '
" 1.. 1
r,
(2. 2. 53)
r~ =
(2. 2. 54)
(x-x,)'+ (y-y1 )',
Filiil>tif! J11'~f!1J
D ?ti!l:k'l'flli 'i' i\f lllll-ili-iCll!:iib ~ Jti: JCRI. ;le 'I'- ilif'li -1JI(- iC. ltlll!Jt 8'J il".X& i1Hll
~, !m l!!it 11.:ff!!ll!1!11JtttJ!klilt:!it;f1! '!'fiil'J - tl 'ti"'1t*11- tl !EA:lf, i!1i .!,\ i\iJ le~ ;lg 2d, 11i1 x ~lfr
i!1i ,\\\ i!~ :Ii iliJ , 111 j!ji !.!\,!,\ 1'E i&!i!!! 8'J 9' ,!,\ , JW 'If
W(z) = ,!iln z + d = !Ltn rz
2'1' z-d 211: r,
dW(x) __ V
dz "+
+ i !L(I)
2ir z
8:)
ir
__ !L(x-d_x+d) !L1l_l)
1
211'
rl
rl
+ 1 21'\ rf r~ y
Y
(2. 2. 55)
(2. 2. 56)
(2. 2. 5'/l
(x-d)'+yi
(x+d)i+
y' =c
(2.
z. 58)
J;l;;l!-~l!!llc<(f(d(J +cl /C! -cl ,oHj'fl:;/g
2d /CI(! -clfi'J-~illc' l!!ll Cc ;l!kff ,t\'Ri'Ii:), &

x Iii J: il'1 ~~ l!!ll ~ ffii lilt !11< :If fl! o o0~ 11!' f!:I>
d7
xz+;-d2
2
fl\l.Jkl;
IJ'l~
...fl'
xi+(y-d/c) 2 =d~(l-I/c')
{2 , 2. 59')
1lJ!h'.!ltil!lJl!;l!!ll c-'IE co ,diel'l'fl:I> d I 1- 17c' ITT l!!ll~, & y Iii J: it'J ~Iii l!!ll!Jl1, tm l!l 2. 3, ?Ji'ii'.
Ell l!: (2. 2. 56)lil!Jl:;ig
-:L[ x-d _x+d).
V,,-2;rr
rl '
71
(2. 2. 60)
Jil. fl.I , l!l Iii' IC j!!j ,\':\ 3i ta( B'J x Iii! lll:Jil! 1'! r ,r, El'J {i[Jll! rJ> ,P!f \;{ Eff :II; 1': ill[ 1'1(,j!j Itl!l !A. lil'!ilJ it: ;ig .,_ Vll'lll<
*
.
'lo i'"lf . 16/ll
'~ jf] jE;(g %<ill[ !:I( li): ::IJ Jll!JS! Jll( !:I( , Eli tl 1it 7)( 7f ;li: "' , 7Jc El'J"' .\\\Ill if<l!;!:l(Jll! l'eli'J iii
J::Jj It Jiii
;11;1'Vll'!:l(MlfJ!:~A.1o F# , ;ig~JB ~Jlil~"J)( ~"!Ill~, !In IE
2. 3h Jiliii<. it'1< "!J

1111" llH'1l "'1'1'l111i!! iiC ll1 jj< ~J" Jli' i!t" , :ff 1!11 fB ii' 7)( 7f .'!t.1'! 1'i 'I' . i'1!!14'ill!11ll #ti Ji! .!l!.JJc ,
!IJ " 3 'lt!l;*:lll!!lM illlllil l"-illi-iC 111ltii1J

(sJ IJJIJ>l't~\1!~['.f}:Jl4~*1~EE~
2) >Ellll:;\; '!"iii .Pi'li-taf !.I .i:illi ~>tM
<bJ
~i"""ll-tcl'lltiJ'V.lfiiti!I
o/l'J!'i 1'~ll!!lrll!Jl-Hil 'f ,\\\ Cd, oJ o11! c-d. oJ , N~
:JI:~ ii1l !& "'

W(:i:) = - !L[]n(z - d)
Zn-
dWd(<) --V,
z
+ ln(.z + d) - = - 3[lnr r + i(8 + 0.)]

"
2rr
1 2
+ w, -- 2q"tr (x-;
d +x
r,
-f;dl
+ i zq (.:,;
+ ri4)
r
r1
8
(2. 2. 61)
(2. z. 62J
1f
(2. 2. 63)
!1.._
2xy
,,P(x.y)=-,,,trarctg xi - yi - d'
(2.
v =-1.l!:x:-d+.x+d)
~
211:,
rf
r~
v ' --1(
.l'+.l')
2trrf rl
z. 6!)
'
(2. 2. 65)
Ill 1li1!1!'~ !i!:Ji!-l:> R!l lk ill! ii!:, l'ili'lll<;ll; 'I' C.t'L T

1"': .\\\ El'J J!l( ill! !:l(Jii; ' Jm 00 2' 4 1 z - 0 "1: 'Ir - !'ii
.\\\ >'l'l!ll'.\\\ , e 'l! ll<m\,\11 v, -v, ~ o. :t-t 'f
llllilli 1f :E ;(gftlJJ!. ti~ ,...+91: l!li .\11 , Jll'llJJ!! D"''Y
iEll! ';ItJ!lll!!Jl! llllt h '1'f 11!l'ili' :I; Ej'j!!jtf !E'!i!:t
r'J"" .l\ .
72
3J>e~;i;;''l"ilii<P!f1BJI!! e<:J-~~'"~ ~Ill
lilt jbl'g !JI. '_j( ll! tf~flf' I
1c e<:Jill!fJ.J ilt- x.
2 -~~~~-~~~
fl!! ;If ~f"' i!'i ;If rm ll! ii1f 1. 7'
!111! ::IJ d, 1p ,l\i[ i:\l'f-
z.=nl+id
n=0,=1,2, ..
(2. 2. 6GJ
q1!'1n{[.i + i(y- d)]

2
[r - i(y - d)][(x -1)
=-
+ l) + i(y [(x - nl) + i(J' [(r + n}) + i(y [Cx
+ i(y- d)][(.r -1) d)][(x + l) - i(y - d)}"
i(y-d)]
d)][(x - nl) - i(.y- d)]
d)][<x
+ nl)
i(y- d)J ... }
(2. 2. 67)
(2. 2. 68)
4' = ,JL!n[ch Z;rr(y - d)

4
I
cos Z;rr,r]
(2. 2. 69)
(2. 2. 70)
I$Jlltill!l:!iliiiC
t jf! 2. 2. 2 1' 9' B liJf l'E i:t JI cicJ ii1t 1'll R,\
lC 8'J iilt'ill, llll1H!Jm!ii(!!! , Ell "1: <2. 2. 35 l f1J
<2. 2. 40 l , Jiil:!!! jjj;!ii(,\\t {l! 1' iC R.\ , ]![ 0J ii1t '!'
fJ 1' x !111! , mHll JI 0J mt iilii:J: .\\\ iC 8'J ;!( '\'./ liil
2. 2.J. 2
~}J
W(.z)= ----V 0 z-+---qlnz

21!'
q>O
(2. 2. 71)
d\.ll(z)
-+1V =-l'"2;rr.z
+....:L...
dz= - l l~y
(2. 2. 72)
~arctg Z
(2. 2. 78)
(2. 2. '14)
73
P!i'llA 'l!.ll (!Zr Cq/2,V,. ol , ;J;i'ilr: Mi//l 00

.11 1': I!.( J>ri1'1 i'ilr: "< J!;J i'ilr: ffiJ Jill 11
2. 2. 4
z. 6 Pli'?l<,
00 'I' :)tlf<i&<l<?R <'1': I/A r'I il'1 i'ilr:illJ1J J!!A IC
llltlil~>.l<i'i!
i//l JI' 2. 2. 1 w 'I' FJi'XI> , 1i ;io i!ll 7t 13: ~

"l'i'ilr: MlJ !!!<' ->Elll!J'H!'id'f "f ll) Ill ll!fat!E
:>)(ij;l,
ll!llll.~H!ti!t-D#
2. 2. 4. l
JC"' *
i'l lf
]lj ill i!1 )It '!; ft l1! j[ !'I :If
.ll iiLlf !;J<B-i l!!Jlf :!1 d, ;;;y :)t:!J Wlf'l'til'ilL
ll .lilill:ll\'.1' il!'7JClilJl'I., mHtllt.l!: l'l 'l" fl'J ~
ti! fat# tll(l!ii Jt 1!1 ;!!; Jf il'1 l1! lm If ;i; i~ :ivJ'ttl
""iii! J'l. '1U' +j- ttl Iii] , "'; JI' 2. 2. 3. 1 2lli
**-'*
lii:i't !'I !IE Mttl i>J , f( '.1' it~ <'E il'J ;!!; Ill' i'ilr: M
I!! 2. 6 ll:~ilflliti't~iC!!lll'lilt
AJI{ r :ti'!''!"iii! jfij El 2l :Ii i!l.l!:il\!itl!l )It ,
~tllll:it!:ll\~~ il'1 , i! ;JI! 2. 2. 3. 1 z 1l ltJti'tfl'J i'ilr:Mttl liil , Jl;lif,i'ilr:Mi%'. 'F oli '!''!" iliL Jt'f leJlf
lliiHJ\!ititlJlt :i, d !'J ,11lC<1 i"'Jf 'Ii' 1111.lilill JI. iil::!I y ~,ti: Jl: c2. 2. 40 l i1'1 .I! l1!,'{Jl. nll!i!1
2'xi:C2. 2. 29)
,mtl1!1
W(.,) - - q ln(z - d)
2ff
+ q ln(z + d)
"
ft:! .txt !'Ill; llll a 1!I Jl. Lilli !II'
q
2d
a:i - ffJ = -ln -
"
2:rr
r.,'
2:ir(@. - (,p.,)
q -
Zd
ln-
<2. 2. 77)
~<l\tli!llli!JJ!le::!I h ,Q~qh "':>~ K Pi. Fii' ~J ll:!;l<il\!iti!l)lt ~)lf- Cl #i"'ll!:Y:I
_ZKh(p,-t..)
ln(2d/r,,)
Q~
(2
'
li:l'J<i!.1.'lf.fl'J lllill!Effi 1IJ Ji!! I'\' l!J 'f j!!j 51:'1" rr ll:~ lill - o Jf C!t~P "11 !llJ!l\ l:l:llt 'I' -
2 '8)
't
CJ 41'
<x.111!!$11'~~).
2. 2. 4. 2
lll~'l!Wllll~~-olfl,C.-#
i'lJ!i!llPl'{l;Jil R ,UIJlt.l!:l!!ffi!'JNP~~itl)lt, Pill --Oil{.,# j[ ('f:f'Jf) f!l'F z,-x,+iy",

:J7Hl!Jll Y.1 q. i!!!lll & ill!'l!'jj!3(;R( , ;J;~"J'lllit!tz rlll1 ?f R' ;;, ~ [!I wlt<:i'ilr:?'lil'1;!l!J\'ti!l~1.1
(2. 2. 79)
74
;~1 i'ilf'l'.@J\l.Jf
F 'k-Jilt#. , iiJll'K x
~iii:t iC .Ii: ,miJ'll
,, = ;, = x,=d, WI 00
2. 7 Ill ii\. ~ ffil J::'i\
Pfj\1(7') $;
= - JlJn
2it
dWCzJ. __ 1
dz
r'i r'i
2n:z-
____ ;Li
~
!L(
arctg _Y_ 2'1'
-x - d
+1
2irz
xd
2;rrl(x-d)i+.Y~
arctg
'
:J.' -
RZ Id
(2. 2. $0)
1
Rt/d
~
xRf/d
(x-R~/d)+y 2
'\
J::>\ll! I i''i;' 'i\ 9' , z, Jld!ll Pl iC .I.\_.,; !lJ 71\lii~ .I.\ il'J iji~, ill ll! 2 1-'!J' 'i\$; :11:Ji1dlil JJ Xf 1111 )liJ l:
it-.C(fj r,/,,=d/R. i'i5':tllill<BJ1ll
(2. 2. 83)
'l i!i~IJ Jl!!ll! )Jilt 'JJ h ,>P= K pl, Pli I;! 00% !i!.!E:il! Jli!- DilHAt!'J Fltl(J
Q =~
Ri-dt
In
(2. 2. 84)
r,,,R
j/JJ *#1' 111H,J1r , 1'..tit 9' , 1t d-o. mHll 1111 %iEffiilll'i' Jl!!ll!- o "'L!f !~ FtJ1
Q =ZKh(p,-p.)
ln(R/r,..)
<2 2 85)
'
~'i\ <2. 2. 85 l Ei >\ <2. 2. 84 l ~i lt"1 liJ J\I., 1'E 1'il liil ffi:lilT
, ii LJ1' Flt!ll Jri'l' 9' LJf il'J Flt, '1'i

iiLKel;'l!ll'fbl'ZZ r~ d/R<l!Z, Fl:iii!li1J'l' 4%, l'l~i&: (2. 2. 85)Ej(2. 2. 78);ftJ lt~WJliJ,
'1'i Jl'#:fJ\fff i!l J'i. !litifr !'J #l('i J 'l'iJ\!ii 00 'fbf:" Ell 1/ 2, mi Jl'~iJ\!iiltl l'i'!liti!t- D#Flt Ill il!i 'l'
I'll Jf0 i!\!i'tit! l'i' 9' L #Flit , @.;;;~1J tll l':!lkiix , Ji[ 1-~l'i: ll9! :fl '7< llllltilL Ill "131: FiJ; iJ\ !It ill J'i. %
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1' lff ilil 51 ii? fi'JFltii:lil:!lkl' x Ell
2. 2. 4. 3
"i&iil~P'l#fl<J!llfl<
m'f M;, l!Hl\iJ\!i'tit!J'i. *m; Ell eJC ill (1'1J jiU'ti'J JI!>~ eJC ill~ !l'l <np "2x ill) ,iitf'l>ifl tlti!l J'i.
3.2 'lb
75
lA~~fffSm
Pl 11' il'J Vii fiiJ l!l# RT ti' Ill iii1$ liC!l!! , ii!:itt lll ffi ftJ !'Ii Jl!:I/; tE ilt'filif 'l' if&$; VJ 3' Ill Dt\\\ 1'iJ rm C. J;.(
* rn II' 1'i! 'f 1 rtJ rm JliJ J: ll'J fill C. rm*~~ , !ll ::!1:!!;*1'0'1!:1'*111 lit f!ll:lkiilll l:E il'J ,Jt !!' ill!J.t'.!t tn !ii\l'I!
il'JJI!"' ( 2' 2. 50) - (2, 2' 53 ) jjJ "",.
Pli ~ ( !ll iii !EJJ ?t ;(p) , lilt ii ~ ( !ll illi Vii ill ?t ;(p ) J;.( .
i!l! It1'll Vii tt '
'lf 3' f!l:li\'.11\!liitlJ'I., ffi 'f J'i\%'1!:1' rn
!% Jli:ll!llClll lllJ il'J fill G rm*~~. Ill illi :!!; Jmii!:
~ Ji',ffi.~1911'ilfll!~, JAl'I! iil J: i}fJ!~llJ lltf!l 191 '!'f I n(n;;;, 1) , 11' ~1'iJ 2n, *'i3'fll 1'iJ ;f:j!j
J!(JilJ'I., !!dill %!1!itt, X;/ .'/<ill il'J Jl~'l!'.JileillllllJocll!:, !!l!ii!: J:, '1f :1Hft 'fill "!'?till !: , J!Ll f!l lll191
1'iJ 2 / n ( n ;:> 2 ) , 11' !l!UlJ' l'J Jil:fll! ~ti!, 1lJ J;.( Ji! 'Iii It , 'lf 11' 1' tE f!l 'f ?t !%!\ J: ' ii!; 1$ ftJ iii JI! Jl ~ 1'iJ fill
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tll 'E ftJ .!!'. il1!1' Pli ltf~ .!li!l!lll:,
Cl !:ll! '!II T MT' Jii;<llllil! J!Ll if& >!ititl J'I. M1 i!i ~ t1 11' fiiJ Ill RT Cl ill!J.t iii1$ ll:\ B ll!Jili l'1J !E: 'f 9' i!'i
t1 'It 8'1 fiiJ l!l <M$ t1 11' "'1 !!'ill !!l ) , !It Iii il'J !!l Vii tt< JJ ! 'l' B ii 1'11 \R "T:IHJl:'!'i tll B il'J .!I'. '!\I Jill 'l!:1'1l
.!!'. Jl! Jl ,.IA i!ii ill .ti T :>J( l!JtiJ'I. "'1 Ill! , Jtil' ml T !!l ;l[ :l!' Pli ~!!: zj<e l! "I' iiiItiU jjl; Vii ftJ ttili! t , X'i 'f
lt B1l't;r 11; ltl J'l.1' ~mu il'J rou l!l .1" wu.i: l!f!!l 1* ill :l!' l't! 111 'll: Ill! llt oo 1ji f!'1 !:!l J'I. :!!:~ ~u il'J fill M
!It Fo !!l 11!1'!!:
r :Ii' !ll ill 'JI: l't! i.;:
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w
w
2. 2. 5
I!! iii! 1l!I ~~If >.I< jl
*d'11'
ii':lJ; 1*1!! '1!'~11. lt tE 'f ]!if~ iU ~Vii "' ltJ !Y:lll
i*lll!l!Jit!ifllill<lll~Ma1!M$
2. 2. 5. I
*.il ,
1!1J i'i 1J' 11'1'\:ilHi'llJJ T ;11.'tt z~ x+iy .!fi ;l[~ il!i~ IV (z) ~<!>+ i :t illJ B'J
Wli '!" ilif ll< ,
'f ilif <x-y 'filif l J:il'J .\\\, ill'1l !Z:liiltM !Y: f' :l!:*'fllii <II>-> 'f ilifl:.~, ill1'1l !Z:liilt, -l&!il!
r~f(z)~<+i~
(2. 2. 86)
"2'**
! z 'f iii J:.\\\, ill'1l !Z:>!l:Xi' EY:1J 'l!'Jit!'f iii t 'f1ti J: Ri, !!!'1' rz:>!I;. i!ll t'f ilif fil! l!il itt ftJ x;t
!1'JJID'lcM. 7!>:1J11'.Ji'll!:ltii!: f(z):likl!'HJiPlitlt:ftlfil!if><ljl,11! 2, 2, 11\'), xt'fMll'l1iilil~:fl J=
a.~ l Ia<x Y l 9'0. 1'iJ T 1'1~1lilffl 'll:JY!1'1l i*ill ID'lcMil'JM;\l:, l'l:flrlt l\; T li!fl!'llli ffi ~ f Cz) il'J il'
~ il'J JL fiiJ :ll: )( ,
11u1111a11)],1'1:8.1<. im 1!1r p.lf}j;, 1- JJ it z 'f oo J: if :t: ~ciiitiJl!ill:.~ ,, il'J il!i !!! c nfil:
T I 'f jjjfJ: ,'kiilii:L\\\ lo~ f (z,) (1'J il!i < C' , iil ~~ df (zl I dz {E /,\\ z, il'J 111! !' (z,) ,LO, Jt!lllt
(2. 2. 87)
(2. 2. 88)
f3 =
axgf' (z~) = lim arg

a.~-o
(2. 2. 89)
WJ'.O
"""I'
ffi l:=>!:RJ 1'11 ::!1 tr i- '!if l]( !' Cz, l ;60, i'? mu Pl'l:!ll::fliilll )i! il'J111!. !ll ::!J--t-?t l'til'J1lil I!!
.it?t
T'i ?J-Jll;li! fl! Z'!ll, illi l:.z, ~ (zo +&,) - z, 1'J )jj ,\\\ Zo ;tj Zo +&o B'J ~:llt~!J< o"'" 1lfJ!l >o ;tj ,,
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6\, Z le] fl'! JI< ifl , e!; &, O, 9' lit &, fl'Jjf fiU ff~ JI, ill! !J! C i'E.;\\ zo fl'! tiJ !Ji :If r'J '6t, fl'Jjf fiU Jiitjl,
ill! !li c' 1):\( 1, ~ tJJ !liJni. *1141' z +rnr J: x lll!:1f 11.,, 1: +1iif J: ' lrli:1f r'l l!Z ;1; ,jfj fiil :1f "1 , mu ill
A< 2. 2 89 l i!! 'A ,1'E 'if iii: df/ dz :or; ;!;'ii' D'J .'1: .rill !Ji c tE .'1: z, fl'JW iJ!<lllt-1'3'J i +illf J: ill! iJI< C' :(E
.ii. \, fl'! J::U iJl<filil!atlt:l.f "1 IW!.V T -1-ifl Jl[ P~ >rgf' <z, ll5I ;!; I' (z)J I'!, z,, R1f -1-U'l. li!Olli
iii*.\\\ fl'! if :l!; J!!i *ill! !Ji z+JJ !JD fn Jl<ifj a !11ff3'J !:' '!" ITifJ: (JJ ;!; a, f>Ji (~ ill !JliJiffi ~ f (z) 'J!<;J< D'J
'!!' J1I! :(E ;I; 'if~ f' Cz >:f ;!; 1" fl'! .ii. ~ Mfl'J Iii JIHl!l'I' JI< llff '!!' J.. ill Jeli2' 11' il'J 'ii: II> 1ii< ;!; ill Ill :I\: J1I! ,
i2' 1"' D'JlllMW ~J 1% ifl~M,
~ llllllu<J IL i'Jll:~ TJ!ii ~O!l'ltii': 1l<'li:D'J1!! If' <z, l I M.JLi'J t. ilt, it c2. 2. 88 ! i!tli'd'i
&, ~e >o st "''' p&"' ;I; 'I' ' ;!l>3C'9;' 01' 111 , IP z +i!1 J:.JG '90' l) ii'! t<Jl[ Wl!MJIJ t 'I' i!1J:1$ '1!rT
p~ I/' <z, l I$. ill 'f If' <z> I.')!Jililt 6z ifj:lf loJ 3C1', li<ii!i:t.!\ z, fl'! ?Ji1! ill! !li ~ff 16' J'JJ'IHcll 151 r If' <z, l I i$!!iL
ill J;,( J:Jl-tli'1lT J;,( ill HJ !!iii': df-!lilili i!li: t~ J <z> :(E ;i;1'<~ !' <>er o fl'! .ii. .11tM<1J i 'I' i!f
J:: lt:ll JI< Ill fl'J:f '.il'i't'!U t<Jl[ l$!1!fl'JtH [jjJ 1'L &:!: , 11:11> z ~ z<ll 1!Z 1fit ~tt !!! , I' J ~ o fl'! .ii.
Ii' 1.J'll'~ il'J 1r,; ~,ii. , 1Ei! 1'1'.#. t JI< lll:f llll illl'I', l~!I! llSI r J'i'f, ll.:!l;li lili 'IJr;!l>ie !lil!lf !'J ,
1 II! 'll!!A Ill 'f !l~ill iJI!

tE J'f ii'I T 11t Ill "l'~ifll 11t ill ~Af B'ilil'1l: z IEf Tilif14f i.J '2til!ifl '.ll'~JCllM Ill r oJtjjif l' Iii lciJ l!!L
;!; Jt 'It J\;JiliE 'R , $!!- z 'f' illi' J:ftjtlJ'fll lili 'IJr"!'JIJ I; '!'ifil J: (JJJi'dJll ifll "1i iii:, Jll :: ,z .>f iii J: fl'! It
illi lit Q :if:~ Jill I "F i!ii J: 1Jl !iHI'Iii :ti Q
iJil '1Jiii!Jllll:B<J 'Jl!!A llflj!!j oJ' l\' Bi ,z '!" ilif 'I' 1)\' Ji 'Ii: <l>(x y) ifll Iii ffi ~ (x, y) II! JE I.~ 'Ii'!!'.'
WT 1fl'1. R 'E llJJi'dlOl*1! Pl! iii: ,'!\:3'J t~<+;~ +ill 51!** l't
2. 2. 5. 2
eltl!\Jlj f(x,ylifll
~=~(x, .v) ,
.x = x(~, '})
r;=r;<x,y)
y=y(~,17)
~(x,y)/flliJE Cm>ehy-R;em,nn
(2. 2. 90)
*l'f, "Tlll"l'~**
(2. 2. 91)
<;+<:~~;+,r,~ I~
1'~,tc2.
I*
(2. 2. 92)
2. 92H1'.A<2. 2. 91l .m;J1E1f

;f<l>+if ~<
(}!2
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93)
MiJl!lili fl 1&<x, y l t1!1f iiij fl' iii JI! , Eb Jt1ll li !'~! oz +ITifJ: fl'JiJll*11 lili '/&il'd1! Ill Jl'!I> r~ f(.,; !)";<1J
I; 4-' ilif 1: 1Jl ""ti! *11 lili 'IJ[
#iJl!B<l'll!!A 'It Jb z "F i!fJ: tJ f <' z,) #0 ii'! .ii. ,, ;!; 00 c' il'J 0]1!11 , "211tf!l '.il'~ti1'Et0);;
-i' il!i ll't 3C 'IT 01' il'J lli !I:( l'1 Jl[T , tE:I!' II>'!"i!f J: (JJ Ji!.-1-11, 00 , 2: Eb llflill X'I 1l> !&illJL jli)"' 51. ftJ N
ii>: Bf J![~lll Hi , ;1;11:, X'l'f z .!jl ITif J:il'J *f lli:I; Q, l!t C ;!; z .>f ilif J:ll! If 8-!i'dll'Pll rill!!( ,C J: I.I<
!Ji & tu !JijGJl-~IJ/ll d" *11 d, $!)): m~ ' +ITif J: 'ff M"" fi'Jil!'lf il'J:lll Pll rill!!( C' .c' J:l.!;!o!G.& t})""ft
)l-WIJ ffl d, fil dr ')!<)): C~ 00 2. 8), il!.Jl! Da<cy ~I'!<
0
77
Q =
fcv,ds = - fc r:;ds
(2. 2. 94)
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y
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(2 ..
2 95)
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i~_t::::l'ttli ltfifl ill Q' =Q, iZ.l<tiiE llJl T i!i!irl'l\'!l'; Till' :!l!:!'Jl''ll'tt.
11\ _t IJlJ:ll , )ff 1Ji! irl '.il'N! !!;Jill Ill;@~ ili. il'J .\!! llf '11 ill lJf'1[Y3 IP! tm r ,
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!:!; IEf :{f I 'I' iii_tJlll!f!ifjltWf1f!ll:;J<: lli :!!'. lil'ffi <P<e Vl .!<, Vl.
l'f !ff !ii.'it!l';;iJ< Lil z 'l't!i _t i'J ;![~ W(<) '11 <PCx, y), (x, y) ,
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2. 2. s. 3
-!111I'll~111l ill< 1rl !!1!19!
~tE!ii.ti*lff~~i\IJJii.!'J'i!'N!**"'~~-@ili.illJ~l!li.
u '1111! !!!!IA
I= 1nz
<2. 2. 96l
f 'I' l!!_t f1il L ll!l r;J 'f Jf>IKJ$. il;J ~f j!; ~ ~it!JI'- !'J 'I'ilii1l' (<;]iii.'!\' Ji!; I 'I' ilii _t l!!% S: !$. j!lj ill:l ii<lli
(1'] 'l'mPf rrili., YU Im 2. 9, :{f 1 'l'i!ii _t j!; ~ll!'.:lil! lnR-lnr., if; il!'. Ojlj 2 (1'] lKJil
2) jjj llt!ll!!A
~ =
pexp(iZn'Z/l)
(2. Z. 97)
14f'J'm_t~~'lf:'l!:C'f'i!i_t[]l!]ri;JM~
1J' (1'] ili. ii1J, i1ll i'!l 2. I 0,

il! x
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~~ ~!l';!i! Jl',:{f ?: 'I' j!j I:: []I!] 1l' j!; p.11! h'll'lle
ll!l L' "= pexp ( -Z<d/ll, '11'12 p., =p(2<1/J

exp(-2ird/l)rwo
3)
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z '1'"1
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78
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hREi<JmOO%i!1~1'1-Rh'i'ffe<Ji!i_t~~-1'~e<JJt,l'l"lif_Chl!IJ'i'
ti: p= R"' ,-fl.C.'ilE l= R~, Jt"*-1 p.,=rnR'1- 1r.,,.
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t"' pmi:p(i2ml'.I/)
'l'-lfli
ZlJLdif
111 2. 11
2. 2. S. 4
o/ilii
Ill~ lt!!lii 'I' fill C 11 ~i!ll\llltllll >1i lC ;+
Schwarz-Christoffel~~
xt rll'fil'Jf ,it ~J Ill fltr ~" :Jl'~i!tlf ;Jzf!ij< ;mr~ Ill *1<'.h J3i1' e<J 31'1#!. fj!J P~ z 4" iii _t 11 $
it!Jf A<; ill ill [l:!>jl;, illi-11' Ill Schw,,z-Christoffol 'J\'.1#! ( Jilf >); S-C 'J\'.jlk) , rlllttlilf:iKf'l':Jl'J'), ,
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ill% illl'f. _t. ;E i'J 5l'd4' n B. r I 'I" 1!f'!tll!J _t !fr) A'J !Id'!', Je z 1" iii _C$ it!% !14\1---1' lJij ,#, ~
~I 'lJ r 'I' w~ll!J _e 11 .\\\ i! -t~J!k e<J il!JL;l':h
z
[er - <11) .. "1 1 ~(, - o.i)-ii ... (~ - a")-" 1 ~]d' +cl
(2. 2. 99)
=cf
:it'!' ,c fU C, Ji!ril: 'llttt ,a, Ji!r z 'I" iii t.$ ii1%i<J i'I ftJ , z 'I" iii J:$ii1l!' A'J]ij.#, A, ~!th I .if iii
J: il'1 r :><lll_Cfl<J l1' Ji\'..!.\ a,, Ji1.til , 'l!'l!ll cz. z. 99 l !*.ii: a, k'1 &r I Ji!rf!il'tlf e<J .f.!I Jt'l!'J!k!i!rili!!!l !1 . :IE
~~t--1'" Xi1%fltiif iI:t:!ill-E"' '1' e~ 3 1-, ~liZ n- 3 1'ff ::!1111>R~~. h I i!!lit \~a, JtC'f f!il\
tlf Iii~ I<DA<; tll Jfl , .!ti z Jilji;t[ii .!.\ .'lo J1' ,l1: I '!" 1!T _t !'J!l'll!< a, !l!i.'t -1' rbrJ>'i' 1!11 ,
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!il i!!f -t m.li< e<J ~lit il1r r ~ 1/k. iii rJ:e* ml!il!! "12, mw'll'.st:;t=1< k'1 r.JB>t
z
~cf: ./f=1' d~f=f't'
(2. 2. loo)
l!Ji'llil!ll!R~, ~'!' ,k
lt:IJllil!!lilUJ-i'J1!! .k' ~ l -k' lt;i;lli l!ll!R5ti'Jff1!!, l!,~'!R7l-:IE \~ 1

fl'J fll}ll K 'ii!iK , >); h !11-!J:ic)l: lli 1!!11!151 <JI!. llitil< A lJ ,K (kl i'Jtt \11' 'ii: llJl!E. iii Jt nT W iiE '!il z
1" jjjj _t)e lB :Mi:Jt 5'! ZK,
:hTm'!llz'l"l!f_t-1-$Xi1%!1ll~M1-1if!'J_t'i'.ifm.rjjjj~m~l':e<J
/r'/f;'
.ifilif _C'i':JC~Jkllf Ii\((! %1KJ!l'IM11 I 'I'm _t. ym 'ill.\\\ A 1'l1 B {iL T ;~I A<; '.tr'
,:Im I'll 2. 12 . f'l 1Jil#'i' :JC~ ilk'lif IK!i;l;iif k'1 :jf ff {l-1' J]'i,,il !il r :lC9l z!'J =.ifl % , i!!f JliO !fl !'J
:jlf z
ff-=-1 +c t =iCf /1dk
z=Cj dt
r2
+c l =iCnrcsin~+c1
(2. 2. 101)
79
- - -2.2
- - -lA~~-f~Sm
---------------11il :B z~ a/2 A1!'i'f I~ 1,#i'i\(2. 2. !OD1f
~ + C1 ,
"
= iC
(2. 2. 102)
'
"'-!LJ:L.L:LLi.::.:,,,;.,r..L,qc.c.,. -<'.LL'.f..-4'~,,,;.,f..L-_,.
B
+-A
/J-
t .1f- jAf
(:, = O
t: =
iC =
. ,..
a/rr
(2. 2. 103)
" = sin
. -trz
-arcs1n~,
'
(2. 2. 104)
u if1 JK ~t-1 iilJ I 'I' ilif 8'J t 'I" 'I' ilif

2. 2. s. s !ll1lldll!ll!llillt:!l!,Lll'ilfilnlli$i!l:$
>\If z 'I' ilif 8'J
fli 'll'Jl/HilJlll<l:IH~: h. 'i"i-e :B R (!'J 1!111 ttiB:fl C. Bl T 15i11H'Ell!rf (!'Jiilt jjlj:l; $Ji!dli'it 'I' JnliJ ,
Iii J:J tE ~!!!'<I <Pill :fl C (!'J 11'1 r'1 <B~ l!ii]l[ 'f 1!111 tt1lb:lf r'1 l B'Jlll J!l!<!l'1Nilt'!:f (!'J iJlj 5 Cl1il r'1llll!
'I' 1iJ J:J tE ll! ]l[ 'f 1!111 tt Iii :If r'1 J: Ill< - ,N!ill tt .ill ft ,J, 1!111 tt 8'J Iii r'1 lilt~!!! , t!J. 1iJ ]l[Iii' Ill l'l t: 11!1 :Ill: ,
lll! :( lil! J'l: iff -f<f :IfII; , lll: :Ifll;lll :> i1ll r ,1$1 l'l C. tt 8'J i!'l JIM J!l Ill il Bi '.11 , ill 1!111 tt 'ii! mi i!'l Im oc l!ll
)till' )fl ll\il Bili!; <ii~ ,11: iiJe ~lilt flt' Bl DAD mt A ,jl; <!' ,Jli:iJ ;\! p,. '11; ;\! <Jl, , Bl CBC l!il?tlilt til ,
;It<!' .J:iJ p, '11; <J>,. ;it;RJtIJT.~:ei :f W7J<, a~ d!I>;an~ o. if1 mt ~'1i'Filif lltlilt. Bi 'f ~11'\:
1'E lJ! 111 P jlJf lil! J'l: ;It :ti 'I" 'l'f!f IFJ lilt ;jJJ , elf' J'i y Iii~- J,iiii: iii< J:l: lll tlJ,1f d!I>I an~ o, fil 1!1 2. 13,
ll! fir~ 7t m1!il fll 5!: ~
''=
:l{f Ill 2. 13a
iln~
(2. 2. 105)
<!''I" 1!111 JK~Q!ll~jf1J (" 'l"ilif <!' 8'J 'I" 3f.~.~Hl1 JK~, ml ,~ R ~1 !'I 'f \' ~ o, VP E Q!llM?/JJ
E'. z~o M8.'f i'
=,IP z 'Filif J:I.!: O Q!llt-/llJ i 'f illi J.::JG'1rl!!i. z~ Re""~1!1l'f1" ~ ; i.

IPA\ A,B jf~1JQ!11Jl1jjj i 'f'illiJ: A'.B', !l\1!12.13b.
11.t !if, 'ilf Ill 2. 13b <!' (!'J J: '!':JG~;!\ lil' IK~~!lt;;JJ l'''f' f!f (!'J J: 'i"'I' f!f, lj\l'!J 2. l 3c, JZ<Etl:
(2. 2. IOI)- <2. 2. 104 l E.l!lolil!J'l::i:I:, l\lf~'!l!!'J a lfi!/l!. '. 9P
!:'
arcsin(k~") .r =
sinit"
-- -------------....
(2. 2. 106)
80
:)!;9' ,k~cosa,a Jl;IJJ 2, 13a 9'fi'JL'..40D ;;l.,LBOC,

li!t!Ei l!J SC 'le~~~ l"fi'J J: '!"'!" lliiQJtlil'1J I 'I" llii J:
la* J[J;<, Iii. ll'I 2. 1.1d, 'le~ ;lg
p,
,)
i!'.!'"' 0
'"
'j
7'1
fj'
-
(cl
- ir/:'
4'1
/k
Pi
c,
- I
t"f[jjj
, C'
(b) ~'.lfllfii'
1[jjj
(a)
"
-K
()'
()
[)'
.. ""
'
Ilk
( d) t 'l'IO
Im i.13 illl*C!Ar.J if ;!II!<!l;ll! ill !ll!!A

(2. 2. 107)
(2, 2. 108)
i 'F llii J: jg :II'. 2K (k J /Iii K' ~ K (k' l fi'JJ!l:i!' J[~ fl:! b\ :fi' raJ ;IC f1'J 'F lliPI' 1i'ilt, :)l; 9' ,K <k J Tn
K' Ck! i!iiJ: k ~cos ell!\( iJi][ /11. ml!! 9' a fl!flilj(!)e f1'J, 111.Jli!JI! 2. !. 1 l\' 9' 'ii: (z. 1. 5J~)!Ii JI< f;
Elf~
Q ~K.4(p,-p,)
L
tEi' fijJ l!li 9'~ jlijf,~ .4 #. WH1!
(2. 2. 109l
hK (k') , \;: L - 2K (k), i"tA J:'i\:jf ii :r;;orJ ~ J: lilf 11: .R ~ J!j T
iilt: jjl; {!<J-
81
KhK<k')
Q=k<k)<p,-p,!
111.ll!li! f~[l'J !lf.t Q ,J!i'i ll!'. , <lGKlt h l2A & ill
(2.2.110)
!Tl .if ~lfll l!l 1lhHl!ift ill ffJ ~(~>, ~J!l' lli 1 C.
~11Jli\il!t$ K }J
K -
._Q/'._ ,/; (k)
- h(p 1
2. 3
p~)
(2.2.111)
K(k 1 )
1J,Ji'B1tii:IJ1i
Mf liii!R 1~ k fJ'J flllll!'ll! 'P $:It :liJ 11!!, <Ei11'1Tli!l<ifi Zl:l!1 ut, ilJ' 5} !I/, l!J Til'f #11\' i}l, -1'1'11\' lJL
:!ti!' lW1t 'I); ffJ 18: l!ji; tt; llf 1'flll11l. ll! ffJ l!!f lll!l1~ $ , .1l :it11 'I' 1- r:l # 'l': i!l !Ill ffJ 111' 1*l Jill i5i ::k: 'f :it
l!f 4' !'t ffJ Ill l*I f~:t l -1'111\' ilLJl!o#
:ilitE lili 113
;j(Ji! ',II ffJ l!ll
ll!I ' ll'liJf ""~tr f'i' tr ilt ifii Fu f'i'1flJL iii{E ll'l jjjf JL 1l' 'I' lil1 '1E '
1itr -f+1i\' llL lit Jild'Jillll ,JJt lit "'1 llJ , ff!i i9: J'ri!l WJl!ol!\!ltl!l!lll Ji!l l.ll !J !l! '1i' I'/. , # ~ 1111<Ii1' , V
,,; IJlf. il/1 "!lt BJ' ff lili:l!o= !fl ff'! tEill 113 ff '.itnv .\' wi~t llt ilJ'~Ml'i'i'Eil:l'P '1 llf nv mftii. ii! 1l! m
2. L 41\'fnilf 'l;;!li !!!. M'f# ffJ !":!It ilif 1'! f!JI\: lic'f *li!J'l.:fillJt Iii! 'I' fn'f It ffi}J , jf:f'l!f ;Jt );\:
ii:!W l:ffi:IJJl!,J;J 01 fJ'J, ftflll'J l!J i>Y.!ll !!!! 2. 2. 3 1l' 'I' it buW-ll' B'J Iii JlL 1' 3' P1Hi1 ill>\: <2. 2. 52 >lli
n<, '1'.'ill!l!!ll!!l ::i, h. mo11
!If*
* *ill *
"'*
p(:r,y) = (:
+ Z~h ~Qilnr)
(2. 3.1)
Jt'I' ,r, J<iff!! ; r:J lfi!zllt (x,. y,) l1ti l$J "- (x, Y) ffJ li'E ilif, iii ll!1' iJI[ illJ [[1"'ill: ill 'I!' lit 't'fo;, :% R ffJ
l!!J , ',!; !iJiJjj(J'! JI\: 'IE lliJ C' Ji< J/; U Jf J:, jif >\: ( 2. 3. I) !Pi Jj; "- fJIJlt5J' ~IJ Jllt{Ei!J.jljtftt ff!! J r:l }f ;If fft
(x,. y,) J: , ,ijLJ J\ffiiJ 5J' ti:%
(2. 3. 2)
p, = (:'
+- 2:/kxQ1lnrl
+ z!:kh
L:'Q,lnr,!
(2. 3, 3)
lJJ!, r.,:lli'iJ<ff!! i U ;lf'1J ff!! j r:l #fn IE!J!! , >\: (2. 3. 2) :fill ( 2. 3. 3)
Ji<tJi'dlfJlJVJ 11' lW "'1 Im fJ'J 1J!i;zjl: 3< <\ oJ: ill JttoJ: UJ:Jt 11Hl-1' lf !":II!: . # 5t !ff lf 1"1 'f tit lliJ l'!l. T l!!f ilf
l'CJL l'i' 1i ~'Ii! 11 ffJ tf Jj; '
;Jt 1l'!J<:fill ~ l: -ll!'i\'.if, :f
i ~j
2' 3' 1 ilJ1 =Ft ifll 11!1 0 :It

Jffiil 'f !lt'lt J\'::i!!llllc!Em jf fll'J!i, t9: lf i!<i *t l'J !J :'.!I r., i!'ilf toJIE!:'.!7 d, ill 1'i!'i a )f Ji!l f:il
Jl!o'~;lil 11'1 , 1!!:1!~' t- H: 11! 1- J! !J<r!il', Jili 1; J!!i r:l 1tll'J if11\Hli:IJ p, ttl ;lil, ill r IKl!ji;#fi,, R ill
141
+ 21fKh Inrw
Q~ Ind
J 21(Kh
Pw
p.,,
1J'I
0
= ";Q,ld+
t.. + 21tKh
2ttKh nrw
p,
c; + ~hlnR + 2:J-!hlnR
(2. 3. lJ
--------------------
82
2 ~(2. 3. 5)
81 <': <2. 3. sl ii! Jal , mt lit Q,, Q, 11['1tfi'1 IE Jill d fl'J i!ilJJ, jjjj~1J,, i!Jl\ l'i # 1"1 'f J:ltfl'J l:lJli!!ff,. 1'E
fill ffi!ll! fl'J #< l'f r, "! l!lll Jl3 Ji<llii!IJ'i'. <F '"' a# 8~ i"'lii:il: <2. i. 1l)t It, ti e'Ff l'll:/f "1' a #;I!;
1'E 'i' t[,::\J ~'ft) 11111 Jl3 Ji; !!iiilJ'i'. ~J li!lr.! '/' , tb T 11'# !11'11! tl>:Jl\Jir d<~R, ill ilifi! 1-@!!il'.#fi! H:
1j
"~fl'J J!IJ'i'.#tl! R ;k 111 $,
!11, ttJldJI., i!,~ ;\!Jt J;f 11 # fl'Jif !{i(ll!LiJ ;I!; l!lll ili11'R
!Ki,!;:1;' fl'J !J!JJ,
ilil l'Jl\ rrR' , tl:Jl!! i'll t1##1"1'ftt8~!1; !IL
#!{l;\!lifttj ~.( lt if!: 1E1ill3 lJI! ,\\\.t 4 t1 #fl'J tillll3, ill T X~f):~l'll "i"1!J!f, J;f O#!'J #Ii\; ffifJ fll
i"'lii: i>ii~t!!'!i', .l'xl!Dftll!
Q1=Q2=Qi=Q4=
R'
Ill ilil J;f o # fl'J 1f!1it iJ'iiit 'i'tl! :% /2d', rm
Z1iKh(p,-p.,)
ln(R/( .lfr,.d 3 ))
(2. 3. 6)
o #it l't -Jl:il '!;lilt 1' #'I' g, :% < /2 r,d' l '" fl'J
~#.
2. 3. 2
nD*l=flltLD:tl=
X1'f1E 1Ti!i 4 1- !II j!.- n fl 'f> Jl!XE 1l' - o # fl'J 3i o # l'J Kl! .!!.\ .& '!ii l[1111'; 3 IT 3 "1J 1P !Bi it]
;/L#l'J Kl!';' !:-1J' 'll'lllif l' fill
l'E:li # ;\ i'I! 'I' , 9f ilii [I!! o #fl'J #ii!: EEJJl'll i"'Jllffi '!ii, ill 'I' 91:- o # l' l"J , 81 /il!I <2. 3. 2ll'll
<2. 3. 3 1ii]"!' 1H s 1- /i .!rm ll!1i 1!i\!fl
p, ~ C + .&:h[Q,ln( /Tr,d')
2
+ Q,lo(d/
p. -
C+ z.&:h [4Q,ln(d/ /2) + Q,lnr,]
p.
C + z:Xh (4Q1inR + Q~lnR)
/TJ]
I I
I
d
Qi = 2rrKh
pil (p, - p.,,)ln 72;~
(2. 3. 8)
'
d
Q, ~ ZKh
,,A (p, - p,)[nl
r,c
/"""-"
, 4 v 2 r.,
(2. 3. 9)
,/2R
d
R
d
Ll.=41n -~In --+ln ~Jn--'"=d
./Zr..
r.,, 4 fir,.
Qs =In( 4
Q,
(2. 3. 7)
;;-rwl
tn( ~d )
fir.,,
l _
ln4
In(
d__ )
./Zr.,.
(2. 3. 10)
(2. 3. 11)
83
E!i JtPT 'il ,;(Ei!;:f'i'it& Tl'(X'. ff J:- rJ' 11" ll'iiil'J'f !It, liil Jl.if ff tf ilii i'!l r::11f xt 'I' 9l: r::11f 8'J'f
J1L E!i 'f 'I' 9<# FJf J'.l:EIJ il!Jll, .J1; F:ll:131f llll i'!l rJ 11'#! It. i!IJ;-il'JJI BTE!i JJl
d 1c. ~ 500 .mti \*i!;l;J;-:iB~ ;\T 22 %
I~ 2 r,.) il17f
ln(d/
i! -tfi' ltt'P ;\1--tll!{;!:l!l l!l 'f f!--t :fl %1: 'l!.fi'lf.'; '1 ;.
Jl."
(2. 3. 12)
l'.EJL!i' ~ii!, 'I' , lll 'f:it!J;tt, lEJiifi 4 1-!If .?.\1:11' 8'J i"'JIJ;\Dl!! "!' lll Q, !/J!if , lEJiifi 4 1-itl
"',?,\J:jf !'J F'lit1ll!!1:1!l'l'l Ill Q,
"'9<- (J 1t!'J F'lllll Q, il<!i\. 'llf :>ltl41f fil 'flit~ OfoJ , g
'll!li!lil!:F:ll: It f!lJ Q, Q, Q, !!!;~ T ;\I Jt g 1!!'.1tf1Jil'i<2. 3. 3>9 1-Jil'i'I' il'J 3 -t. IP
*"' '
p, ~ C
+ z;[hCQ,!n(8
p. ~ C
+ z;f;\:i;[Q,ln(Sd') + Q,!n(4r,d') + Q,lnd]
p., = C
+ Zit~'.'h[Q1ln(4d') + Q lnd + Q~lnr,.]
./Tr.d')
+ Q)n(Sd') + Q,ln( ,/Td)]

(2. 3. 13)
lll lil l:Jilll!ll PTlM'tf1 !tf!lJ

QI I
Q, :
Q~= [ D~ +Dln 2~13 -(ln2) 2 J; [D 2 +Dln 2~'?. +In

:
/Tin
[D ~Dln2 / +ln21n200-(ln5) 2 ]
1
7 2
(2. 3.14)
.11;9' ,D~ ln(d/r.). 'it1tl'fi. d J;;jflj.Cf;I. r, Z lt;\T 800, mti Q, ' Q, Q,~ 1. oo ' o. 819 o. 615.
d Ir. JJ 200 .mtl Q, Q, Q, ~ !. oo o. 778 o. 533. lll JtPT.'11 ,JE:tfi!i 4 1'1'!.\!il:1ftr;Flit
lil: ,Iii, '119<'11' F':!iblli1', Hf.il:1t l'fi.iJ;l;rJ' jjj ~Jl'~1Jt,
2. 3. 3
llll!il.tt:t=m
ff ;\T.::: 111f, i'!l r::I 1f Xti~eJ!J il'JjjlU' , JJl!{EliJf J'!# n 11 jff.g ;i ?)- ;/fi {E ;:% R, l!ll Jli1 J:il'J
.jf ~f <R,<<RJ Ell 'f Xt!J;fi, 1'\f jf~i 'If ll\'i!E.fJ ofll F':ll:til.tll ;\\I, Ell /i'lll <2. 3. 3) ofll ( 2. 3. 2lJ1:1
!It tf1 '
Pw = C
+ 2~h (lnr.,. +
p, = C
:2: 1lnr, 1)
(2. 3.15l
+ ;::hlnR
(2. 3. 16)
2Kht.p/
Q, _
In
(2. 3.17)
R!Si----r.,. ---- ,._

~In ( 2sin :~)
1
~ii! (Ii) .bl. '-E F flll.fJ (l!.i T 11! !$ F llll l 1'J

2 1tKht:ip~':
Q<>,,,,, nQi =
[ In Rr
+ l1n
!:__. n r..,
"!'%1:lf.'t!.il'JM~Jl!< lnR ~;!; 1:'1::trlli"t Pl !'J:ll:.
,,,,.--...
2:
mtr) J
CZ. 3. 18)
1_
In(' 2sin
n ,,.~ 1
n
Ell l!AJ: it& BT l!.i if t: , !il'tl''lfIt 'I' .jf~J!I $ ,
---------------~~-
..............................
84
2 "
;!!J:![ 'fJ'itt.!!!ll;I;:, IP 4it Cl '!till F:l:lll'.J>. '*ll: $llJ-il!1'!/ll'Jiill 8'J F:l:JllhD'f' Ji! J;( jl!;il! llfl
ta 8'J ~*. >X 1'!1iiB~1r u J:JL1J'l! i'Jtil'lf>i!llil! ~:>z:B'J.

2. 3. 4
;Ii;~ :l":.1.~ft\~J&?Fllf!tl!itJltt~
i!tr jjjf JL 1J' '\! J'Ji!til': El'J til'if! .Jt fj\ iii Ji! J'I- 11'$ Ji1d!!ll if! 8'J ff -!I! roJ Ill! ii!~ J!l ]:i:J<jft J'I- f;\J
Jiu ;(tlil1il!ll'.11il 8'J l1J> !II 'I' ':ff A'!JL t1 'lti'J JJ\i/E. i!!1tie::llf I. 'lj':;!;jfti:J<Jll'!T<I! :llf d. 'ltll::lll n, :In IE
2. 14. l!Hl!l!i!i*l!Ull!, ;(!;( x 1lli ~ x11$111i iii fll.lllJ:Ji!11! -J'f %1J,'ltil+. 'll'~'lt F:li:llf Q,, Yltl!'I!
i*JfF:l::11-Q,. Siit c2. 3. D, ~JJ\iltili ffif15t11i"i ~
0
111 "
p(x y)
p.
14
t'1
le I'll ~fltl&illlUf!ilf!J,;1!'111
!~ 4/J{h ~ Q,.ln [ ~~:::::1~~t~,YY+~~; J
--
(2. 3. 19)
'll'4!J< o !f'ltll1' ffifl ill'll' :ll1 p.. mu iili::fll: Q, air- itiillil!

p, - p. -
4~h ( 2Q,ln ;~ + 2.;'Q.ln[ 1 + l'(m4~ J)' J)

j=O,J,2 ... ,n-1
(2.3.20)
.Jt cp,jtol!l '} J:-lli'i!:ii<M m IA o ll) n-1 o!'-fll ,ill'a m- j. ;\' m~ J, S1 it (2. 3. 20):\z:RP !;'; ili
Ei'il:C2. 2. 781i'\lll'lfl<J!li!l<. IP
Qo = 21CKhD.p/
ln(2d/r,.)
(2. 3. 21)
Jfr n-2.:1rmc2. 3. 20J!'l';ili

2ttKhD.p/
ln(2d/r.. ) + ~ ln(l +441 / /1 )
(2. 3. 22)
J:it5ti!F 'I' 8'J Ii! 2 J!ll ft:i!!4tlll]:!i 1'il'ft\';. lli! ilii'll' di1-1 ,d/r. - 400 'm~Wljf ~it 'I' 4!j, t1 4t8'J !"'
llll R:ff li'41'Fflll8'! 89 %, Wl4til!!:ll!:ll<ili U /ll1J, l iX 1'11!1!:'1!1-.
Khln[( ~') 1( l+
1~') ]t>p/
(2. 3. 23)
(2. 3. 24)
85
ill' d I l ~ 1 ,d/'. ~ 400' .mrJ lij l!J >I: ( 2. 3. 21) 'i!<if; li'J !jl.jf F"fll!.lll It, Q, IP Q, Ji! 86 %, Q, Ji! 79 % ,
Q, ~ Q, >Q, Ji!. MJi! ll! r 9' ~'if ~~J l'i ;ti 1f li'J 'f !Jt IJil!i: , it!l: 1f .R Si! U -1' Jr "1 8'J 'f !Jt ,
"'iJll RI 'I' Ii>:cJ>tf-t-n fiil J:: ( il'J Jm " $/r rliJ >rti -1'1f tte.i:JL1''1" iTB<J #tte ?li'~ll! , a Jt
tt~ l'i< JI< fl'J II' 'Iii J:kr!'f fill 1]1! !It, l\:1' ~ !ltilJ Ill i!ifilt!'J -1-"'R>! 1f tt~.i; IL t"'R>! Jttti!l'!Plf 1\:
II' !il, M~l'F 1f tte 9' jf fj(.I;) !<;'If~ 8'J 'ilHllHIJF(E,jffi I! r1tttc:lf f(iJ 'l!ll"'ltli"' Jilt~ 12 l'J1t>J<i1J
J'I. mum li\ B<J!O JF,!(.l;Ji! "'R>l !f ttr tf 1~$ '!I; W> ti!'ifi 'f'it!J'l. l!<n<tl!Y' .RI!!'~ 1f ~cl'illtl :vii: 1f '11>1 it'J
lilt ijlJ , ii! l\:Jl!Bi }J cit :iii $1: ~t 111 '.II: , 1f fl'J r" :Ill: 'fl MJi!I ~ , ml x>f :;1;:$ Ii: 1f ml'' it!J'I. !'J 110 '~Ji! i~ J Ai ,
IJi Ll , l'E Ll r :!tlli 'I', ll! ((Jiil:!J!Ji!Jt II' .j!j ~Ai"'~ !'f~c, ll1f 00't'.ffll1f ~ llih ;!Hll i'iJ li'J,
0
2. 4. 1
:7E llR :;I;: Jill If! q:i !Ii -
*"' .
:I=!= 1i1F
*'
ii<* ell' x ll!li!.l d

1f iem ~Ill 1'fl. ii< , ::Ii T x>t xm 1t~cll'l !Eh 7t illfi 11!i?f" B<JJm
i, mm.\\\ JC 1-t'li'Jt'if , ~ll!JJ!'x>t Et r1tB<Jlli :!II: liltr"f!ll. ~r~ tr Ii'! ,11< !It. ~ ~1u: ll! Ill l'Elfl
2. 2. 31\' 9' e ""lilf l'ttt, ;It 'i!' Jiiiifj( <l>(.x, y) l!J 5'i:. ( 2. 2. 69 l !ii ili .lil tl' IP~ K p/ , q ~Q!h, RP ff.. :h
%*1::1.J
- -9L
p(x,y)-C+
11'Khln [ch 211'( J!,''''d)
/
4
cos -z;rx
1
(2. 4.1)
'l~>i: ( 2.
4. ll Ji!ff ,1!:$1'1tl1\! ~ !1!1111 il'J tli4'5C~. lE!IltX ll\l.!ttlll 9' 4'!f !11'0>1: <2. L lG l lik'li;ll\l.
:;l;:Jl!!ll!{1:;t$ 01f1\!l!.!11'1i'J1!i:;f>:5Gf;:-*!', I'll Jlt'lf 1''~ X>f '(;JJD t.( JF!illlilflt,
;i: <2. 4, D 'fl. flll. ~ !l'<!lti'l ~ ffi!>lf"f Ill r il:il!iR, e
h 2rr:(y-d)
c
l
~ff.. !ll li'J 7t :i\i Jiit 00 2. 1 s fa!f ii\ , '.lk 1iF
g'.f',T -C
cos,-.
(2
.4.
2)
t , ill' lJ4f >I:< 2. 4. 2) 'I' ti'l!l lJ'i 1'f 1t ,\\\ flttili: fl; i'll.'lic Mlf 1tml<
il'liflit 1J' :11 .l1.BP11! ill tE .l':\JliJ rm~ ffi!llJi! ll!I. mi 211 y,,,.zy-d) 11-= ffi!J!jj;J!< 'fl 1111. '!!;
liFJ: 1'E y 1f "1JI,\ 1f !9 'if iii! Ji!:,~ /li!J!;t11!i:i\' J:Ji!J)( 'F!ll T , ! Jtl'EIE 2. 1s '1'11! , $11ltl'E1f
86
fl'J Ill< iitr..

T ilii liil': fil'l'1i 'f y !111111 riiJ fi'J lE 11 % ;/If , iE i\:l!i1 i!'l l'F JI,~ fi'J !Ji.JI , -1! fil l!lii'f 11' t\ l'UI!
J: ~) !E11% :nY. i1ll 00 2. 16 9' JI; i!l!Jili'il; , Jfl-!lfJi!iti!'l fr ll*l'!l 9' ."1: fi'Jill riiJ 1UIU:fi'J !E115t ;/If, Pn
oo 2. 16 9' ml!.l</iiim. oo 9'l!i1 Q1<1 Kh - z,. :t: nn ill.!lt Ii' JiJ P, - pl 2';;". ill llHr tB ,
-----
5
4
.1
--
---
,.,
~ ~
'
~ ~
~
I
I
'
..
'-
.,
""2.0-!.6 -L2 -O.R -0.4
'- '!Httl
~
1)
--
I- I-
.O
0.4
0.8
1.2
..--
yll
-'-
2.0
l.6
Ill ' 16 ffl'l'fi''f y IO;IJ"1!!!Bi:t.J>Hli (d- 0 ,Jll Q/ Kh~ ,,,

iE!'ifr~f.IEJll:k!~-1':11lR 1 1'17r. :!<i!I! s, !l!i!1!11til- ,JSoJ'<m!E11 :;J;W.J:'l x ?C'l::, np
ill' lE m!Id<'!" m.
2 l 1'EJll fr~f.llRJll ;ki~ -1-fr I!! t P,J ?f, lE }J p- y illi 1!.i<:f!l!l:l!.i< ,oJ'< a)l 8S .'1111!l!'.!lf11t'ti , l!
.c; fr~'~ Ill. tt;:i; Ill! ic fl'1 "" ll!:f!-lii: li'J llil mJ :;i; J: ! ~r. ilJ 1L1 t1' ;n;;:i; fl'1 i!li!it l1l !:!: ll!
**
2.4.2 ~~m~~n-nM
'!l!<E 3'11! JG "1 l\:l!i i!l!!Ellil12 lll! ~llI-1'3C '1i'.# ~f. , 11' ~e JI: ltl i!I! ifi Jll J1 d , fr IE J.1 t l!Ul'lli
il!!il\'!ll! , ;([el iiilll!~t>i<fi'J tl:ll.t 1f -~'l-fr~f., $"txJ: 12. 3. 19 l ;f!1 <2. 4. D , iit tB II1J 5r ;/If ;\J
Zn-(y -
d)
2rrx
ch cos ..., ...

p(x,y) - p + (Jcftn
....L ..
4rrKh ch 21t'Cy + d) - c o 211'.x
s/
(2. 4. 3)
Pall! 2. 4. 1 11' .ll:li'i Jilf J. <E :;i; mJ: -!lettJI: Jf-~r. !"' li!! D'J'll! l'~~.t; llll<EJilf i'i'U?: fi'J:OC!cl!iJt
!it J1l ii! D'J 'll! ll'!l't!llo;l!;-li!t fi'J Ill JiJ fl fl\ ll'tl12~ , l!'.i iii II 11 %;/If~ 'f fr tif~ Ill! ;i; l'!:f! M13: D'J JI(
il\!l\J1l!il!;\J x ~ !lie! y- o !lf-llr:~ !Ei!I!. ill. y- 2d iit:'f Jll:i!li IIl'I\. '1'1i'f y !111111 riiJ !E;IJ>l:iiri11l 00 2. 17 !'If if,. 00 9' ~lll!~t !'\)' 'fJi!i'fr ,\\( li'J :OClll!, !l!i!l!Xt !;)' 'f iiliiti!!i Jf:i!lll! 9' ,"1: fl'J l!illl!fi'J
lli11%:nY, i$ill19'~~ p,-10 ,Q/ Kh-2, ill 00'1! tB ,:(E y/l> L 5 el ~C ,lli;IJ~j\lf:Of~. jfij{E y/
t < o. s'll: , II 11 llll Ill'. ;\J 1lt !ill
Tilii l1ii': i\:f'i %\It D'J 11~ llll11, IP M'f !\! fli:ll!! Ii'!!!!!'. mJ a.!\! tl: !"':Iii: F~ J; ~i ff.fl '1i.
p, - p., 11! >l: ( 2. 4. 3) , lliJ 11' Ill; ff.;/J p. ~t l'Y: T .'l#~t ll y
l!l 2. 11
( d=I, P,= 10 ,Q/Kh=
z,. Pi>"" pf (Q./ Khl
+ zn-Khln
Pw - p.
l1tlir'1lli:IJlHll
I )"'"
$
-,
21td
>h-,-
_ ZrrK!lp/
Zrrd
q -
(2. 4. 4)
(2. 4. 5)
'h-,-
ln~-
sh ~~
11i1 ;Jg r .!l l , 2d/l
Ji 1lt:liHl'l:lcr I , IP 'If
' b 'Irr,.,
_ . , ,1fr.,
_
l
l
Z'ltd 1 'd/I
' h -~-e
l
2
Q- Z"Kh(p,-p.)/
leid!I
(2. 4. 6)
ln - ..-
2nr,
Jtt'il: -'J>l: <2. !. 1D x~ lt'i!' ~ ;it JiJ 11\!l';ill!J!. lllll 4'1'! R- a;z, le""'ll'l 9' c'it i"'ll:Ji!:-!& fl'J. ill
l:'il:il!lf~ffijJ D,
;lg
D - p, - p., =
'
_f!_1n(-'-e2Ka:1)
ZirK Z;rr,.
(2. 4, 7l
'il: (2. 4. sl;, 1i!i!il\!ftill!i!l!lti!i'lii1tFlit Q, >!: <2. 2. 1sl i'll It iiJ l'J 1i' ill JtiilJ 'f i'it ll'Jllior.J '11i di
t~ l.d/r. ~400,jl!
Q/Q, ~ 0. 641.
~M~~~#m~~m
.l!il tEliil': 1l:!i!1J!i!ftJi!!i!f!itili~ Jt~e11!fi. :it 'I'. Jll 1 Jie c'i!i' m!J!.lii l l!litl.!i!'h d, Jfl 2 fie
2.4.3
...
-----..--.- ..----------
.....
88
CJ;\\ l'Hl-lltiii;lt'J l le~l!illY:I d,. iJ\iititl !ill .t ffi;IJ p. Y:J'll! ~ , IJ!1'1t~e 9' 'IH!!Y:J 1. i!?J- jjij!+11f
11', JI! 1 i+ilfM!i!oxtJEtteJiJ . JI! 2 1+MJ1>i1;7 ll!~rJilL
il>tlE~rU ~p jllj ~eJHl'J !ill!ti!tr Fo X1 IE' !& y 4\11 'IJ! ii IJ!~r9' 1'11' " ' i!l'.l!l 1 ftF 9'"" Q ;If
ti<J ?":Iii: ;lJ Q, . l!l 2 ft' 11' 9' Iii' o :1t !'l ?" tt Y:J Q, mu fl
Q, I
p(x,y)=p.+4;rKh 11
+ Qi
In
4trKh
2;rr{ v-di)
211".:<.'
ch ........
~.................. cos
I
l
Zn(y+di)
2;rrx
ch ...........,........... cos y
ch 21f(y-d,)
l
h 211'(y+dz)
c
l
2irx
cos -l-
(2. 4. 8)
211",T
cos -1-
.l)t l!! 1 lirJf D'J 11' 111; ffi;IJ , Q ili<E.t>t 9' , x - n1, y-d, -r.. 'ii< 2 tirclf tl'J;lf Ill: Hi ::IJ <El::>i: 9',
IP ii[. {llxf'Fltitl!l 1 lltx>ll!l 2 ~rfl'J ;m:r~l&J;\1', iif jtlj J1l.li!! l!Vie p. ~ Pn IP

il:'fi: ( 2. 4. 8) 9' :/:i!iitE " (0 ,d, -,, ) Ill (0.d, - r.) .bill "l', '1; Jl!JIJ (d, , d, ,{) ?>r. , :T l~.l)t i~
<?
x~ nl, y~ d, -.
(2, 4. 9)
iE .Rilf!Jl'Lf.~ S _i,)l'f Al!! I ~r:lt 'I' ~i lllllt -'iill'A i!!i~rclf 1lli ll!lll ;t It, ~'"J iii\~ 1-S 11iJll:llilllJ
:l!l 2 ~rjf 9' !'Ji'Jlt !I; Ejjllj tie4Hlt :lilll ;t It' RP
S -
Q,
- Ql +Qi -
m>1:c2. 4.
91:T!lli:l!'Wli:1'.ll~.
+ Qi/Ql
'
Q,
QI+ Q! - 1
+ Q1/0i
(2. 4. 10)
WIJY!ll& d~t.llr.~264D,MIJ1lls~z1s,
3':1i~F JU
o-
I j
~~ i!!i~e!1' 11tr Fo !'J Ui'.ll!::ii Ill J(lj!.
1-s~1/3
!& .v !illlli'i'.ll!l l ~e9'- r:J !1'W M.Jf! 2 ~FM:lt

J!!ill D'J 9' ,Ii, li'i'.l , Wtl fl-llf i!''i\ <2. 4. 8) 9' il'J l!l 2 J1J! iitii!t-r IP"T, Ill ifiif!
2. 5 ii.>l<ftM ;lf;t!t""4'
89
-------
-- - - --- --(d, -d,) lt:f !!1&1)', 51: !11~~'911 il'Jiilt::ft ltl>XfiE ~~'911 il'J iilt::l lt!it!l!:l'f ~ i."1~U. JHi<ii!Jf'i, .R
~(d, -d,) I t'.f 1J'r o. 1 , ::'.1\'il'J ilit'!i!!it1'M!ii 1 %,
ffl J;l :::1'l'il'Jil!:tl:1l:!'ZJVJ' l'i':ktll lilJ R :,;
ii?!< 1!tJ1il:?EiJll IKil'J5t1'Pl!l ~ 1' lilJ rfil t:,

~j\'jjli, ' ~ ff] 'I J;l jJo IJj "'- ~~*"" $ ~~* il'J !fl ;,l; liliilt: '
2. 5. 1 51
;\'/;Jli,ll! lf:J!Ejijj il'J illl :It l!HJIJ :It*<& ll!i& 1ll: IA 2o t!!: !a 30 '1t ~!l!E , rizl1!! *Ill tt 7t :IT :Jt
*Jg
J111:1"l;:ff :0:,
=/j;*iJll (!lil !. L 4 c\'ll, Fl ITTr'fll lif t!l lfi!i! *Ill J:tl'!>tt ?ft, ~~IJJ!;;kf!i iJll EBfE
:i:K::tf llif llll 111 T Jilt lJJ il'J ~ !l1. 3o'it f!! i!H1ii:k :ftil'J ill !ti!! Ji\!1, !m ill~ lfl Itm:liHl"ll ill !ti!!
ll:!ll:. J3: "'ll:!lii1il'Jill<A:(Ji!il't!li "{l(ili!ll 'f1!l!!Yil'J*f!*R'!'. r!ii :(f ~!Ji!ttlll! 9' !!\!ft'il'J R '!' iE~
1'ltJI: ii1'! 9' "lllll fli ~'Ii: , R tEJi iiHr'J !Wlll 9' ;t lil\iE T Jf'i , lliJ Jltilt!ll r 4l- f>i' T> l1lJ R t
iE -1' illl IE 9' , J'!i- l1' lil\ l'I< 1'Plit jo F 'If 1'11 tt 71< 11'
~!ilt*~*~il'J'lf~.!mITTrm~.iElll!~~lll!'i'J3:f>i'1!'
~"l!llJGil!<'lf~il'Jlll!i!;.l!il.
:/Elli 2. 4.11\''l'jj>lJ!i:I:,
>l:C2. 4. l)Ji;ff;l!:$1''1f~el"111liil'Jlilt;;\s:*', lli1''1fl'il*'
jJ'f il'J Bi;IJ Jl-1'1!1l)' ill" (2. " 1) '!\\'iii il'J ~'* lf ffi;i:J il'J :lit
illli!Xtr;;JUU llif1'. ~>!:CZ. 4. 1) Jil!l!>i:l:l!il 9'. y il!ltJ!:Jil,"lt
lll~~'lf 'i'il'J-p '!f. l!i y !illirtJiili-P 'lfil'JIB~Ji!i b,!m
00 2. 18 'J1tl>!: (2. 4. l)Ji!,"l!flj Jitil'J lii<'f ll:!'Z?J('.11j Jilt
1'
't'1
'
p(x y)=C+ ...~ ln[ch ?1r(,:t=!'.f~--cos ?1r(x-b)]

'
4trKh
l
i
(2. 5. ll
:( :.Eill< 'If /OJ 9'1'f '!GA!! $1' 'lf~F, 1'11' '1!'~~1'f 1't1" IE il'J ~'Ii: Q. d ,b 1U
t, lf il'JJi!itf A'lf, lf il'J Ji;

ili 'If. P!f liA tE'if 4!-ili~e'lf il'J!lf":i11ff ll< Ill at &f !J'c !Alli'. ~J .!E!&~:0:111'. IA ~!!!J: ?l'!Ji,
JE lll il'l ;;Ji: "11 !itJi!i JI(' J;l ~ 'f T il!I Mfl: il'J *~~Jilt M-lfl na .J3: ff ui-.if *~~Jm :Ill ffi.1J t 1!t ~ii! '.ll 1!1
,
il'J ,1;1, 1'11 J!'i&>lt il'J ' .i{ilt-'1!' ffl'*ll! ~-;li;J'ltl! lll :<11

it ;t 4"I iE~'li: ,?.& Fo <!: 1lJ 11i ili i<: c2. s. D Ji;>!: il'J i11!i ;;is:

lW, Trlri 11'!~ JL#lf JI;~:@:.'%.il'J 'If~
0
0
0
0
0
0
........
'

2d 0
II!"..
*lJ'f.
, 0
.'' .'
'
'
'''
' 0
'
:
'
2. 5. 2
M JE~~1'1 il'J!E?J<'lf ~tl!;l:li:!!tillltt?I< 'If I"!, e

T
X!iE~~91JillJ)l7J<#li',jj
Ai!J-jo~'lf-tt?J<'ll'Y:ffl'ftil'J~m'lfl"J,
!m IE 2. 19 m7J1. ill 'f X>l*ii tEittl!;ll!il:at R ~!ill 00

9' JI!~ ffl!I:! iii il'J iii 5" BP 1lJ', 13: 1'iii ;t;llt it!!:! 7lli1'
'lf~il'J~ft.ll!!it"l~~;li;~~~~J:T~P!E?I<
l>flE~~~!iil*#llll
01tlk1r
e>FJ;
'1!'1'f-~iilt::ft~A~JitnNil'J-P~~'lf.
~T'.11iiliJ3:l'P'lfl"Jil'Jffi;i:Jj)o$ ft.8ili:i:K
--.....-------------
,,,
90
1'41' l"l !'J11'11iEttti!!.
ll( m
O'J fl~'!'!(' lll x !iili O'J"I'~~' rf;J .t ~JJE loll' j\J :ff\ .wa IP. m;:jf
d-2md,
b=O
d-(2m+1)d, b=O
+Q:
-Q:
iill.iil1'<!:<2. s. llJ!i<(2. 4. llillfi!lt"11IP11'

p(:r,y)=-C
Q
I 21l'_v
+ 4,trKhln
ch-- 1
co..~
211".:r .
1)"' ...9?.1n[(
ch .?.'.!'.~J!..:::l ..!fUI) - cos Zl'l!"x)
4trKh
I h 2tr(y + md)
Zrrx)
\c
-cos- J
/
Jil.!.f\ '11
m-=, )t/~!&'1'!1 it'J-MJ!l!Mi'f = .1'1Y:l!L 19 Jlt, l!fM!&ttillfi 'Jc'.!l'. ii ;i!:l!lJ

( -- 1 )"'in [ (ch Z1!'( v -~ Md) - cos z;x) J[(ch Z1t(y j md) - cos 27.:L') J
"""1.11
1)"'ln
= (-
+ (- l)"'ln[e-T!(ei!p! + e-~ + e!? + e-'
, 21l"x
md)
2l'l'x) J
h 2;rr(y -l md) cos 211'.x -ch Zrr(y +
l
cos+ 4cos1- - 4c
1
1
W, w-1' #'1'!1J!I!. man< 2. s. 2i "f &1' h't
(2. 5. 3)
=C-t Q ln(ch 211'Y _cosZrrx)
p(.x,y)
(2.5.2)
4'1rKh
Qp ~(
L.J --- 1) In
41!'Kh .. ~1
l ,
ch ~~<,.y_+ md) - cos ~1

l
l
4[ ch 21'( v - md) - cos 2irx

I
,_,.;;1
(2. 5. 4)
'.I\' J liE an it 1'!&'l'!1 Jll<i& ~it'! :t; T >!< 1ll !f f!<l 'f' ii* 4f .!;' 'E 1" 4f z "11 !'!ff~ . fl l!f !ilf 'll.!l!lill '1' 7"
pg y !iili.t!'J::i:i!f. X1itllifrx~o, rll'i!:<2. 5. 4l111
p(O,,y)=
4;1(h1n[ 2shz( ;J:) J
oo
+41t'Kh~(-1)
M'fltJ!(Jf. tl
y-dr. ftA'i!: (2.
p(O,d
16h'["(yl"4)}h'["(yimci)J
ln
r,.) = 411',khinl 2sh 1
--fy~,.
..
41t-kh 2j, ( -
(2. 5. 5)
s. sHl!
I~di l
16sh
Q=
M'f'EJ"'4f, ii;
1 )"In
'
bl
Q
(m -
16,
trr,. h 21(d
-, , -l-
471'J;hln -~-::;;;m--l)trd_Li (m
lfil1
e4"""'11
+ 1)1!'d
I
(2. 5. 6)
fl:A'i!:<2. 5. 5J1ll
(2. 5. 7)
91
shl ( 1rdj.
!:::..p=- Q In ____ \____?__
2Kh
sh'i ")sh( 2dj

l .'
1,
, l
'
h
~
Q '\1 l-Jl"I
2rrKh,;;:-;'
n
(m.-l)n:d h (m+l)trd
'
(2. 5. 8)
l'['m'J'(d')
& l
l '
Ill 1' tE ~ ~ r~lli!i 9' ,d / l ::r; .'j,cp l / 4. IJf !?.('it ( 2. 5. 8) !!Hl(J)lf R i!lljij! !llltJ.lf.,. ik~rw J;j llJllH1'.
il!: IF 5Ii!il ltiilt!i! R fr o. 1% , 'f :li!:JJ: c2. 5. sl llJ'.EJ ~
sh' j' JTd) sh 3nd

l
l
p~21rKh l'l'rrrw) l'(21rd'i
Sl
/
Sl
j ,I
6. _ ___91:._l 0
(2
)
,5,9
,J: Jill Mill lti kli .!f\:li!:tE il!iil!!l!i'li'l!Ufll!lt~~'li'ill' B'J iffl:lt KI ffl:;lfi llC lti 4Rf'f r
141 t1J lti Ill Jit '":!koii!t r-1 "'Iii kli *fl 'Ii! g1J. 1l:li!: trJ-i!!ii&tr! ::r;11~ll!!a<J'*l"I;1g1t "<1f >t
rill -~'If rJi!! 4f IE::f' lill lti filif ;lfl It , IJfilla~ lxt'.lt;\ .!J'k!l!il:kli
'lil'i!'l!i:, wft fl ll>t~,,;: 11:&
flt 'il<l1<e9!f!xtil!1ll1R1'f g.. ill:fil fr:& f'l 11<$ !E JC 1' !JR l?J f.t7)(4f J:J ! i"' 41'0'1 EE::!l! t;p. mJI::
<2. &. 9l1l! Joi .iE ~13'u i.1'7.K 1+ f<iJ it'J fr:& flt 11<$ ;!)
lil!Bli,IH~ Lii
*''
%;
z'
2Jr
KhD.p =
Sl
ln
sh'(~-) sh'( z;d)
Q1,1.
211:
Kh6.p = 'lfld - Zin( 2sh
1l 1!1 li'J :li!:>I: ( 2.
{2. 5. 10)
rrd h-l
31rd
Ts
5. 11 ) XI !\' T 1l !<!:lell! ;lg d +
1!';,..)
(2. 5. 11)
21 In ( - -1 ) Iii~!\!: J![~ lJ!( l'U it l<i\; 11:1!1'1!'. Z lllJ !'I

:rr
2'ltr"'
K~~p flL lf ~IE )SJ, 8'J ~ 2 liJ! f\'.l'i!l.l'Afl~LJ1" tlJ fl~

z rllJ <r .~ ii'.~ 09111 :lit iS: 1-111 lit :Ii! m1*! 1!i # m91
i!illl'J. ~~ d~l 1\!'%' ff~ 1"1!<$.!J d 09 *~frQ 00
2. 21 9' i!li !fl: I IJfif. ,
2. 5. 3
ii ~ 'it ti= liliiPID ~fl! !fl ~J ti=~
:Ji-"" JI::* Iii! 8'J 1'>-tll ~f ifll lij'.-!l\ ji)J ;t\J Jl\
ff:*
# l'U ct F # ffl lllJ {ff}') , Jilt 00 2. 2o !!Ii if; j; trif' 11

4&'f-C'EF4f9'b11ifMW
~ i.illif ft :Ii! tt :Ji 4 7C lll! il'J x~ ill !!JL 4f i'<l 51' lll! Ji!: itl
*1'J2d!'J.iEtf%.~~~~iliiS:~'!fliil!'JW
liE'li:U'L i&t n j; Y'J'li:, !?.( y $ j;"Yll , [Ii] ti n>o 1lif
~--------------- ....
92
r'l ;It n< 0'
m :0\1 ~~~!ltimr' ~~]ii j'l;f[

+Q, (Zoo .Zmd), [ (2n+ l)d, (2m+ l)d] ,b~O
-Q: (2nd, (2rn+ l)d) 1 [(Zn+ 1 )d ,2md] ,b= 0
:0\1 f'i! !ll. ~ i&iil1 , JI< 3'i 'f x ~At jj( (l'] Ji'~~ JlltXt!t!l 1'1:1'1'. , fr >\if 3"if (l'] :'E i"' Ji' "1l ii 71< fr Ill< it ,l'l' i.'i ff
~ ba , "16 l\if Bi :!J :fr ;/li'"f nit
(2. 5. 12)
-~ SlL1
Zn:Kh n
th' -11: th -311'1 cthatr

2
2
,hi ;; I
+ ...9E... ~ (-
l)"'lncth1( m1l'1 th (m - l);rth
(m
+ l)ir
21rKh:f'::1
ZJ
2
2
J:i'\'1', E4' ch("'./2dl ~ 1.
Ell 'f J: 'II:'!' ,!ll. ~ im M D.p (l'] 91 il!V1' 'f o. 1% , lilt 1lJ l'l lit 4;; 1;15! iii 111 '!lJ
l:J.p =-
~( lnsh ;-; + 0.1674,J
(2. 5. 13)
(2. 5. 14)
?.<Iii' ffl 'h (l'] 13 'l!'ltl~'!'l9l; ,}, ii!' .. Foil! 3i.\\ii'\11;1j(Ji' i"l (l']i!'i& f!i 1!<"1
-5lE_ -
n
Khl!.p - ln(d/r,) - 0. 6190
Jll'.JI< r. ~ 7. 62cm, ffi jl'. (2. 5. 15) !4t ti: K~p -d #i .l\!lll ill 2. 21 cp Jiii !JI< ll Jili;f,,
l"I Jl!i ti< n.srxt lE~i;JJfr I"! Jl!i ti< 1 JL'f %;@:'!'-ff, i!! Jir Foft 4%-6 %
(2. 5. 15)
o. 8
'
0. 7
ID
-"'.. 0 6
KOp
'
"~
'
0.
0. 4
o. 3 0
I
300
200
I00
400
soo
!i::>K#-!!f1oi"'#liilif.~ (m)
""'
'!' ~ i:t'1<# [IQ I! ~'11'.f!' ~i!l(d ~ l)
Ill 2. 21
7!<ft ~e 1: r ft Y.:'li' ~e JlJ ill. ft it'! fi'l li': :f
. ty .
JiH!l :tl:XJ JE ilii Jl!dil:!Lx '11 T iRf i!t - !Ji lilf

'IE3< '11~FJlJ if f'l,
;l:~F"1J if l"l 1' d = t/2 litll' T .s; J::li3
:li,l.Clf f'l JlHll "'1 it'! Tilif liif~ d#t/2 lt'Jtt;l: ~if f'l d~"m K lt'J :li ~if
lifi o
l!R~ Iii<* ll!I.!\.\\\ .t;-1:r iflt1t ..r !fill
"i y 111! JlJ ii i:J: 'lo F ft ~e IE 1:1 d if IE 1:1 l
!1111'!12. 22/Jiii< ' ;(1$(!1'.~1'"' \lt'it'J !E:i:J
ld-----.-.r
0
~*""'-....,...,_...__..
'
II
o ot\ o ooc
0
2rrx)
1- C0..'1-1-
Q
p(x,y) = 4trKhln
ch 2"V
2n-xl [
2ir.rl
2:rr(J' - Zmd)
h 21r(y
2md)
Q "''
I
cos - 1c
l
- cos - 14[ch
4irKh ~In _.,___ __.._ _ _ __..ece0""'1_ __.._ _ _ __.._.,
..,
Q .,.,
4 [ ch
- 4trKh
In
2Jr(y - Zmd - d)
Z::
+ cos-2x]
[ h 211'(J' + 2md + d) +
2x]
c
l
cos-1
e4-'d\1mj-lJI/
.,~u
(2. 5. 16)
!t A if.!:; 1: F 1t 2. l"iiJ it'! !E'll! 1:1

b.p
p(l/2,d
r.) - p(O,r.)
>h'( )oh'(~)
- ZrrKh sh'( ';')sh'( 27d)sh( 4;d)
-
Qp
In
""
2rrKh:Sin
.. ~2
--
,., .....
ch
(2m - l)rrd bl (2m

l
2mrrd
(2.5.17)
+ l)rrd
c
i
2(m l)<d
sh lsh ---------'"
1
....--------------~
2n
~.~.:.t,~{~1.~.~~.l. ~!~J. . . . ..
(2. 5. 18)
Khb.p =Jn .........
l
s1
("'j
l sh'(2rrd)
L sh4rrd
l
XI 'f d 11~ 1 !9 :t: '<'!ii111ll' , J:Jl: it'151: <2. 5. 1ll ll! 2. 5. 2 l\'fll ll! 2. 5. 3 11' lttll.i!! 'R , lllt 7
d I l <I E1'!111% (1'!!0 Ji:!li\'ll:if l"I) k:-1j[,1i:!'<!l:I !JI! li'El'J ~.!!;IJ :f '.\t~!llEl'J I!' o!J,
~~~*ifl"l~ll'l2.1sg;r..~8M~ll'~*if~~l"#~m~E1'!Mll'WZE
~lj , i;lJI!~ *#:Ii\~ l"if El'J Mill',!&.~?"# il1t l:i\tJ"'fllj;ll!dt If< if i'J i!'i ill'. (JJ k:-1 m 1"! ;f, tif
l&. ni!tffi ;;11 J&. 'f:li\ iiJJ'!i T Y'J #11'1'. lil<&i!tJIHr

?til'i'
+ZQ,
(nl.2mdl;
i )1.i 3m+; )d]

[,u,
[( n+ i )1,( (3m+ i )d J
[( n+
-Q,
-Q,
(3m+ J)d],
[,/,(3m+2)d]1
[(n+;)i.(3m+;)d]
ll'I 2. 23 '!' E1'1 j7'; :I!!% :li\~1'11:'il!'l'i; El'Jif iJ l(tjG,

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.P !'Ii 1!' r"l !/<ft il'I 1' lit!i! 'I'-!!' lJ , -t:." xi: if'. ft <jE "l!1 ll' >1'111 .R 1i li .\\\ >'\ jjl(J!l !l<!il! il'J =.cit
z=. l'f iJHt 2li ~71' ~Ji''"' ut .1ll!~t1'l '1J4\'i#l!t !!I "i'ill il> l?U ct<i!l'ff z~!1!l'5t1JT.
5) l'f V"J:5t1JT 'I', Ji!li!if!ii! i'IW. .!ff lit illl llilt1iltll.ffi fill:!. -J11Ht ii! OJ!. !&lltl!! 'Ji , ifn JI!:!!'!!\
jl!j i'!lt il!' l'fill , i!Ml' 1Jii4 ili il'J'lf .J:: ft 1!<'*1"117Jcillli&$,t1'Fiil # i"I iii .ffilt
VJ lt;l!,;E li1I iJ.
ffil !'Ii 111 il'J !!'\ ltilt li!.;l!,1~ !l:iili !); ~ il'J , ljj 1111JEI1'I l: il'Jl/111!1!
2)
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103
4: ~fr !B oJ( !!1> fl;;!) ii; tm: 1'! 111:-it ;If llH1'J i!'l l'f >Jll\ ;If II. -it Jlli 'l\< :It II."11 !fl '1-1!'~11.
1r Jll; 'l)< :It 11.Jllt!ll!l!!<tt 1lii I\!:" :Jjll\ (1'J -fol :t Ill ;If Iii ,1\f ~IJ ;ll!;xt ,. !! llS:Jil:llH!!Jli ti: lil'fV !!It
lil' ff<J 1f Jf5 ~ !!! Jl! ;\l ll'il!i ill: l'f ;Q 11.Jti:l'I! i'f 1X fiil 11!.X: Q if-1-it! Ni'kl'f ;\7" i'f 11: tll'J!i" :t ;If f!I! ,
~t '' i'f lX it!N i'ki'f roJ Ill , ilJ -it WI ;\1 !1.1' /!ll JP. fiil llll!!1T >J<:!ll! '8 ;ii!; Jl::ii< 1111 !E Jt!Ni'k i'f ff<J *l'ifl , ti\
s ~!fl !ll:noll!Oll!!i! ili ;;>;:@1\f!ll! li'1 !l!tttllii:', ~~IJ li!!ll! roJ Ill 11'Jil'I. 1f!ll!r;t:t U'i iii ;\l:ii<:ltJ!l' :ti\!:
7t if l'<it! fli roJ Ill 11'Jti'{iE fli, *i'{iE lfi ltt"11ll!'I!<. :if;::il!{Efl'lll ?l' llli:il'lilli li'J iltl'< 'I' , 51 ili T ;/l'f\t
!fl 11'1 IR 7t 'll' ~ xt , ip iE 1!'~"11 !li.1!' ~. ii;; t\t;\71'JIll IR )t'.Jt ~II. >J<: ll 1' i'f lk 11'Jj/; mi 111:-it jj 11\lliHJ!i
T1fn11'J~~.~~~;l7~~1f*l1'l**ooltt~~-1'B~l1'l~~.~w;l7!!1li~nlli~il'I*
mi Iii )t ;If l'<fTTl*JJ !'1 llliilli
IR )t 1!' ~ ll.1l!,Jlltil'I !JI tt 1'! l\!:j} ;If !'I ti' ~IJ Jllt 1i!' ,f. '!!(;If II\ B<i-1'1' 1f ~ !'J "11 llll (1'J ;Iii!. t: JI<
ren1'11'J:1t-~21!'t#!ill.~ltt.~*~ooltt!'J!fljf1!'~.;s~ilJ~~~nl'l~~1!'lia<J1'ltt
iiiPI!' ;IfII\ lt!ill. llP'V JI> it llli JilJ jj\ Jl-1" '!'kre 'ii. 1'1 'i!' :It ~J 2 !it"" lttbl, ~mi l\!:?t 1rl'< 'I'* j!i! ' Tm lt;\7
MJ\:J!< lilii ltt!'J 1 !l)f*Jt ;If 1', 4'llt:E'llf1i'ffi4'rf<i'!l\ll!! (1'J Fo\>ciec 'JI:!!<. Webcc ll'~"1l Hankel ?J'
~ , t: fIJ ff<J BE ll' 'l'kitiEJllt ct! -it Jlli 1!':1111. <t> 51 ili l1'J {E !\;ill fiJiltie ll'J JI;' mi l'l !!J! 'I' ill :t it;\7!!<tt1ii
l\!:f};Ql!l, i\!i i'tltt:trl'<. ~ ~ 1!':1:;\7 r;t i''l l:ll :il':lt;\7 !1tJ1 li'111'~ lfiltt. !!~ 1'Jl'~l!i ll'J l!Pli
Jrll\JiliXt !il(1'J ii'_ifl I'~ I!, {If )\j Bi.Jl'1!i! ilJ:ii<1'!1 }ll(ii'_li) liiJ l!JI! (1'J !!.
4:llttEF*~~"1liefilff<JllliilliL.~ll;'IJt~111:-it:lrll\tE4'r#it!Nffe#T!'J!l0itlt"1l*
*It, JAW 1; !fl -it ~?i!ltll."11 IR jf Jl'~/!i: :ii< ll1lf mi 1'! l\!:)t :tr 1' !1iJ\ T -'ii!!!! ill: li<i "11 F II! l1'J
:tr/!i:.
3. L 1
!1<$:l!ll~
~in- -1'1'!! lfL ~' ~ ili f'il Ill}.. 'f J\<:iJi. ~ ff~% ~;a: !ltl!i: 11'1 ;!1;4:11! ;t . i!1: ff iz: !ii o,,;;,,,:; 1,
!'J -!11'Fff 1Jt illJ, ;(E x ~ o;iti;;\l l\I -!l\it!N ,;( x ~ L !11: ;l7--i!lll1'Ji'f lkit!N, llil!'il!I L 9 11' J'Ji>t
'.l\l ili it"> lf!.1,;~ mi l1'J !Ell' 1\JlllJmT,

(3, !. 1)
p(x,t)
ap
[ I t1x
I,, ... ~=
+hp]
~~L
2)
(3,
~0
(3, 1. 3)
p(:c,t) 1,~v = F(x)
1; T :ii<i!tlill:1' f'iJ Ill. !\;flli!!!E!lt:IJ 1i1ii ltt p Cx ,t) ilJ ili'ff 'J!::lljf Jlli, NP
(3. 1. 4)
p(x, t) ~ X Cx)T(t)
-- ----------------...........
....
J,
"
ret:
104
1~A:lf!l!<3.
1.1 li~
1
d~X(..r)
X(x)
dxi
dT(t)
(3. l. 5)
di
Jlt 7ill! 1':!Lii! fU1'i! i\lJ '!!':Ii x fl'J Pli'l!1. :ti J!I,R Jl:Rti'iil'l!'t!: t fl'J iili 'l!1, l!lif!i:l<'!f Jl:JIZ:;Z mH: iiJi
l'l i21 ~~ "'f 181-1it!il[, J! 'IL'll /P J/lffi. f!lf :lfll! <3. !. 5J1t1911JIZ\!!" t :!fill, -1' :lfll!Jl:
=
XT<t)
(3. 1. 6)
1'(t) = e-xfi
(3, 1. /)
5>\!!"iti'!ff17< {i![Jl: 1' t '1t ill1'f 1fll ll1'1; SZ<i'Jffil. fll Jl: c3. L 7l 'II H: , fcll 1''if"ill:>l! ~ x
~- 1'.LE ifJ , it< - P' ~~fl! 111 "i r-=at T er i-o. ffii l'lii:'.itill:. :!l-1' Jf!I! Lll>tJ!Il'H1"14';;;
it7Ti'il cs.
dt:;x~1.')
+ 132X(,r)
(3. 1. 8)
X(i:) l,,~o = 0
[1
(3. l, 9)
~: + hX J~=L =
(3. 1. 10)
J!I 1" ;lH'f C3. L 9J ./11 ( 3. J. 1oJ Jl: ffi (3. 1. 2J ./11 (3. !. 3) 1'> IJ; 8'J , J! 1' llli ll!J f'l Ill! (3. J. 8J C3. L 10) f!F1'!l'liE{i![ lriJ Ni!!. J!Ji!! fcli :IJJ!I )',if< j'f '1)!)$! [ 12: il'Jf911,R.ft l'r!t JI[ $'1!1 p 111..Jili!!:!!!!f ii!B'J
{i![p- p.Cm - I 2... ) iZ @jt ~:il;~B'JiJ!!l'I' 1'~liEil .l!li!!iJ f'Jlj{l'Jf911 X (p., x l Iii' :'i.li*liil llli 8'J
~liEtil!lllt. Ol'ii':ill Tl! !!!!!!fliEil!flt!l'liE iii '1!1. 1Rlli!1\\f1lt~1!\!111, ill JEJ1 p<x. 'JJl.ffTJirJ lf3'lt
w
pCx.t)
L:c.. ~Y<t1.,,x)e-xP!;
(3. 1. 11)
)ll.f, 'l!1 ' ffi W liLliH'f ./11 !l'liEJii!i'l!18'J iEX'.'t!Jjill ii!, :'ii Jit fJl llliiE iJl -!Ji!lt!l'liE {i![ fiij 11!1 StmmLiouville lfiJ ll!ifl'J iE'll'tt,
3. ]. 2 Sturm-Liouville
fq) I! S\J iE~ !1
i>: i"i lilt tt fl'J !l'liE {i![ Ill! llli ill Ll T-:IJ !!i! flt J!I J'1. ii'< j!f ;I! 1i\
d: [
p(x) d~~x) t [q(x)+ilw(.x) ](,\,x) =

A,
d~A,.x)_!-A 2 (A,.x)=O,
0,
a<xO.w(x)>O.
], [ I/;( A,.?.:) ]
Jii~ pCx) , q (x) ,w(x l VJ]>t dp/ dx t\j :'IJJ!tj;fl'J
1'i\!!Jii!i!il![,jt
d [ p(:x) d(A,.rl]
d.:r
dx
+ q(.x)(..\,x)
mrJ x~ rff l!l:l!!"1'1\l'tiEii!i ~ . -< .\. .x !flt . ~ U.,,, J J'f 1'! cs.
L[.J
L[,]
"'<
i.
(3. 1. 15)
121 "l"ff IJll;
+ .\.w(xl.
- 0
(3. L 16)
+ l.,w(x).
- 0
(3.1.17)
~ Ll J:C:j'(; !Jzll'! t1 " ./11 "" Jt>ltl llll. 'Ill!
l 05
(3.]. 18)
~&,i: ( 3. !.
18) 8'J J\1i't!b\ x -a :ITJ x - b nrrr!R6l-, ;fiJ JI! ill !lj\gjl('f <3. !. 131 'f1l (3. L 14) , xl:~itlm
6)-;lg~. p)f (!.I~
.,
J
(3. !. 19)
Cl. - !,. ) w(x)..dx - 0

0
(3. !. 20)
J:w(x)(A,,, 1 x)tp(A,,,x)dx = 0
j;\ (3. 1. 20 )-iiE l'lj:J
3. L 3
-r S~urin~ Liou ville fiij lM1i ~*f-OE.Ji llttl: !R fij (a, b) pg m''tx wCx) JE5C"
flas!~lt:rt
ii!:<lJI T !.\' liEei'i'!tf!'l .iE~tt \!.!$. 1!\il'J liil ii1"31illll ii'.-ll!!iff :S: c3. 1. 11 l 9' f!'l~ ii'..!l'lt, .!j' ll!!/rll!C3. J.12);jlllt. 'ltrlilt8'Jfiij$-1li!J!IJ/r1li!C3. J. 8JME'i'f p(x)-w(x)-),q(x)-0 8'J
l.\'i!!d'llfll'. l'i ilif .iE'll:l'Hlsll: C3. 1. 20 >9' !ltii! tt w ex 1I+ ::f J!! '.El tl1 np lff1' (3. 1. 11J9' 1'!'1f oo
~ x l:l'i!i!li. ;,\/Till Ji!.!'<~ ' ll! 1 iV~'IJJMr'kf'F C3. L 4l f~J-..< 3. J. 11 l111
F(x)
I;c14 X(j.9.,.,x)
(3,].
23)
lll 2 iV!llJl:'f f:xcp,,x)dx t'Plll:itJ:iJ:J!lfill,:fiJ!lliJ:<3. L 21Jf!'l!liJILJl:NP111tl1

c.,
f'
I
N({;/,,,)
~X(/3.,,.x)F(x)dx
(3, J. 24)
ilfl\'lt c. 8'J{i![C3. J. 241ftA.C3. 1. 11),jJ!iffB'Jil!Jtixl:

""' ~,;,
xlf'xc"
'lFC x ')d x '
p( x,t ) -- ,f,je
"' X<P
N(fJ.,)
,.,.,,;;:.
0
(3 . 1, 251
2: fl\-* .1115t ~ '!l'tl.!< ll'ii~ <tit~ fit 1rw.lit it 1,"' F!f lilf ~ r<il R!! 8'J !.\' liEw n ,!l'liEii!l ;Iii 1"
'It 8'J i'!R!!. rw JL 'll'lit!i\xt::F ll'! !'l 1*: iJIJ IK iJIJ:/E::i: 1"111'1~fT-*9'
wttfll 'lt m.
3. 2. 1
"*iE;;;
:Jl'.llSJ5J'll(
1l ltX1C:!jl$'i*:i'lt6)- !f W. :/E JiI !!J ~ lffi .Ii; 9' nrtJ'l\':1: 6J- ~, X1'f J6 jl( fit iJ1J , :If W.ilt'i\' /:I( i!'J
:lrW<L ' 17l1lii!!I~~~9''.Elt!H1crf,
~-------------~
............
106
if.p + if.p
ay1
dx'
+ if.p ~
azt
) ilt
X at
(3. 2. I)
i&t !EJJ iili illt ilf ii! rr ''.lit?t )II; , :It Jl ,,i:mi r ,
p(:r:,y,tt;,t) = X(x)Y(y)Z(z)T(t)
i~AJl'.(3.
(3. 2. 2)
2. DB)f!l.-fJitl 41-:tff'1
+ XA~T(t)
dl'(t)
dt
(3. 2. 3)
+ aZX(x)
= 0
(3. 2. 4)
---dy:i_____ -+- p, y (,}')
= 0
(3. 2. 5)
+ riz(z"i
= 0
(3. 2. 6)
).I
(3. 2. 7)
di:x~x)
d 1Y(y)
d'Z(z)
dz 2
+ j1' + y2
(i
:tfl'i! o. z. 3>tti! lltrOO !'! ltli:i18'J (3. 1. 6l , :ltffl ~

1'(t) = e-ii~, = e-i(..1+~+r1J,
iii! :tfll! (3.
(3. 2. 8)
z. 4> ( 3. 2. sl A1f 1ltr 00 il!lil!J i:t 8'J ( 3. i. s18'J Jllixt , .!!.11!1ill:>!!'?t7*1:tfll!8'J 111:11!~ l!l iE
lt iili illt .jijj #< ll': willt 'If lilt jjii IB: J>,'iX1 Jil;i-5! [;;J 'Jt ti; J!1f Al 8'J , ~Hll !I' 8'J?t )II; 1lt tt ~ - .l< 71J )II; 11!; 8'J
! iiEii , :tt ilf 11l l 1J i 4to11i\l111 !it ill . :ll' :J;!;i->e r'1 ~ tti!xAl ri: !$; mu ?t l*I 11t 'lti!i!~ 11'! , ;i;
ffl 1l) ffl IJl JH~ tlL l'li ill ft ill: Ill'~ l!l .iE lt j1l1
Iii tt ~ Jf l'i! <3. 2. 4 l $li l1'J il!i4'11\1.
t V.( r 11'Jlilf 'IE 9' . l'lifll1!ft tU i'l-f'ililf. ~ IKl>,'i/liEiii 1l) llli11'J/iiEiili illt, /iii' 1i1i1'1l /ti tt ,!f J'J
JI,\ Ill ajJ fi'J 'Ii< ljl , Ll fl! 'f Ji: Ill
3. 2. 2
*lt
fij 11.M 1&l!l e~
~ ii'it Mi
mL - J' 11' flt in oii'illJ , t1l: l!l Ol'. tr- .w: 9'. -Iii ft'I :OO!llilf. iilror ?J- 1l! !It~ -t-!fHi<1!*iiE iii. roi
llli.mili!li!fn-1tlilf.~1J~iiE1iroJ~A1l~~~%lilfn1lAl~""'-!llilf.~.
ill: 1'E ~J>,'i o,;;;x.;;L f'l 'ii1'11!iii'!"i!if '!"fi/llclilf.. WJ Ml ffi;IJ Jl-;(f; }J F(x) , J!!ill!lil!sll! c-.!!';ll'l)(
i;!l JI! Jlfd'f , ~r >E !!'I roJ 11.!il') '!i ii<

ifp
1 ap
axi=x
[ -1, aap
x
O<x<J,,
at'
+ h p(.x,t)]
1
,,..~
[t2 ~~ + h1P(X,t) ];:=L =

l>(x,t)
L~o
= F(:r),
o,
(3. 2. 9)
t> 0
(3. 2. 10)
(3.2.11)
Q,
0~
:r ~
(3. 2. 12.>
ill: 1- [OJ JI!)! St mm Liooville i'] llliffJ-1-f!if l/l1\'lif! , Br p(x) ~w (x) - l ,q(.r) - O, -13', ;1;/iiE
iii illt X <fi. ,x )J'/,.iE;l)'l1'J , :Jl; Iii ell (3. !. 25) 'li<ii< , l!l .-o at, p(x ,t) 11~ 'f W!lilw 'It F(x) ~1')
iifriJ!. 00 ~;!: (3. !. 25) fU WMlil'i'f ( 3. 2. 12 J")ll!
(3. 2.13)
107
!fit\ Jl!d3: 1'1 ( 0, L) Pl'lf )E 5l !') ff ii: iiiii ~ F (x) !111'/i liE jJIJ'l l!li !') ~ 1iE iiiii ~ X (fi. , x) 'il iii !') ;lf; ~
ti'.. 1l) tl liE'Jl <Churchill, 1963), .Rlif ili~ FCx)f!l dF ldx {Ekl:~<O,L) pg;tl!l;rt?J-ll!i!~, A
(3. 2. 13) Jjf;!!iii!'Ja~apTI){E (O.L) pg F(x)i!l!;:!'Jif}-.di x <&~T FCc) 'RP ;il:(3. 2. 13)$:
Jr, ~ Jt, ;il:(3. 2. 13) ~!IFJ:ilH!l T ii 1't'f 13:~ ( 0 ,L l pg !'J-1-1'1\?J-:i\:J!l!~t, J;l:l!!:Ji!.A. ff]~;m,
Ef;fll!li Fourier ;i:~i
IE'll'tl!
p(fi tl - f:X<fi.,xlp(x,tldx
l:Z'Jl'tl!
X<fi.,xlp(x,tl - ~ N<P.) p(fi x)
(3.
,z:,
2. 14)
(3. 2.15)
ti' j\] i!i''ll' :I. ill: 1'!!15}'Jl'~t~'f Fri Oif IL11' 'I' !IJ !!1?l-:i\:N<~ :;Jt m~!lt;lr1'i!Ji!f! Ill fi<J ,
rill lE 1-lll!!:i: ~I ti; - "' !l\5r:il:ti! xL ~Iii\ J: ill:Ji!if<>l<P!i\lllt If! .I: 'lli pg W:
;ral'E Iii! M**ll!!ltlilf J'l)Em r~ll!l <s. 2. 9>~ (3. 2. 12 > mp<.x .t J - x <.x)T <l5rlil'll::lli'l
!Ii ll!ill
lJ; '1' .t
z- .
(3. 2. 16)
(3.2.17)
(3. 2. 18)
[ I, ddX
X
"'llif tt <3. ]. 2s >if> tt !'J ll' t1; ~ !ii<tli
+ h,X] x-L -
(3.
2.19)
*.!In $11 s. 1. s 11 mill. rllii !'J if %-;11''ll! !ii tll 1<i'iiE iiiii
~. 1<i'1iEflfl!lil:~~rfll*!i!!Jt:;J:.
11 il!OliEliilil: j)jlfJ!i!il!lJA\,{E:\!!!f.;lid'fC3. 2.18)fiJ(3. 2.19l'f4' H,-h,ft,.H,~h,/l,,
~H:!t J'H!id'f 1lJ''.!l'
mt
(3. 2. 20)
[ - X'. + H,X.].~o - 0
(3. 2. 21)
[X'. + H,X.J.~, = O
p'ltr P.Jll , ;lr!ll c3. 2. 171 fi<Jli!!Jl:fijl:J! c:.ill !Ell; iii ~f~'9<ll; iiii ~. 4X.. (x) = A..sin/1.. x+ B...cos{J.. x
ill i:!t!f.!f<('f (3. 2. 20 ! fl! (3. 2. 211 'A; ti; !t'l!c A. - H,.B. -P., fi!i l;l W.M'!iE flfiill!!! !'J1<i'1iEPli~;l1'
X.,(x)-/),.cosff.,x+H1 sin/3,.,x
(3. 2. 22)
2lil!l'!iEll ill'i\<3. 2. 20)-(3. 2. 22)1ilJRiPJ'l;l)Et1;1<\'1iEfl . Ji!T7ll:l.flllff'Jl!!
1V(fJw.)
J:x;(x)d:.t- =-
kf:x,,.X".,dx
(3. 2. 24l
Mt\<3. 2. 241t''iliff5}lill!RJ}.Jt:f;'i\:<3. 2. 22!ft1',l'il5}!1ill<!ittll

1
N<P.!-("'+ffi>(L+
f",,,
1
(3. 2. 25)
H,
/Jl..+H~
)+H
; J:Jilt M Jlli!J Jll el:% ill
:=:"' i!J l'f il<i'f111'% mii llJ iJ<J tlf liE!ii ~le tllliE ii!i'lll i11 'lt . !!* li'lltl\ ,'!
NBllJKffilml'fA~XE&"'m1';1'm~1J<Ja.1nllJ7MT~fl
(3. 2. I 7) {E x - O 1'll x- L !!tlt! l'f il'd'f 9 "'-'Fffil m-; l' iii tllliElii!i 'lt. tllliEUl.1'1ll\l:'lt. '!I; fil: , Ill
it" ,
rrll<J!OitPTillll:C3. 2. 22), (3. 2. 23)jill(3. 2. 25J~liUlJ: H, !li< H, "T~li<5t~:k

illJlt11L 'I'll! 3 'Ill ilirr lf-t-rt: +, 1: llif -1-JJHl'liE iii 'ltii<J
l'llif -1-J,;tlfliE fl[ p. llf
IJlll)Eii<J 3:2,ll;'il:, !ill I fr'!' p. IJflilll!Eit'Jcle,ll;"Jj!,Jl!jflgfi!!il(3. 2. 23). '!<~ H, -H, -H .<-pL,
B~ llL, WUfilli!it'Jit'WJ ill z~crgt' 1'll z~ [<'! B B/'112 11-l'E ~ Kl'i![m,, (m+ ])"] ,m ~ 0,
I , ... lll<:l.r.i<fflil! llJ il! 2 :l':lll 5 rr IJ<Jtll1iEfll p. !! ill "'!l*'lYit'J Jl!;Hgfiji RP /JtanP-c !li< PctgP
- cffl t!L i!l 'l'!ill 6 ft it'11'fliE {l[ ill ,;np.L~ OWI IJj , ip P. ~=IL ,m~ O, I , 2,. ... ill ll;Eftit'J
tll1iE {l[ ii. Cf it fl,~ 0.
2 JW!il 9
3.1
d'X
~"J;ftdx' +P'X(x)~O,O<x<L.'!l'~l'lillJl.!lifl'"F!!
1'flflltlt X (#~ .x l .1'~1'.l (J,.

11'
i'I YI
'}
'
..
5
,\\
II
[-X'+H,X},.o=O
1'$fiEii~ XC{l,.,x)V.t~
1* "
(I(
X,. = {1.,cosfJ,.x+ H 1sinf1,.x
p L=fJ.,(H1+H2l
t~n '" ~ {?~
[ -X' +H,.A"JT~a=O
X.,=cos~-(L-x)
X'l, .. 1=Q
f],.\anf/,.L=H1
[ -X' +H1XJ~-o-=O
)(.. =~111/J.,(L= .i)
.Xl~-L=O
{!... ctg{l... L= - 111
i~Mo=O
H 1Hi
X,.=co~f!,.:c
[X'+H,X]x-L=O
ll!!U'J~l!l
. !Ii ii! I! ;') :tr "
[X'+H,X]x-L=(J
X'
~j'Qll; N (/1.,)
{1.. tan/3ml=Hi
llN<P.>
I-Ii
(fJ.\.+H!ll L+ftt+Hi, +H,
Pi +-Hl
+HI) t H1
J,(fJ~
.&;.+HI
LCP~+l-l\)+11 1
Pl.+H!
L+({i%+H!J+H,
-
Xl,-o=O
X.,=sin{J.,_;i:
[X'+!f,XJ,-L=O
{1.,ctgf1,.L= =Hi
ill+Hl
L+(PL+lli)+liz
.. ........... ........................................................................ ...

6
X'
l,~o=O
X,. =cos(J.,:r..
X'
'1.~o=O
sin{J.,L=l
X'
l~~o""O
X .. =~0$/).,x
Xl~wr=O
cos{J.,L"""O
Xl~ff,=O
x.,-9,nfJ.,,z
X' lx-L ..-Q
co/J.,L= 0
.x1,~,=o
x.,""'sin#~x
.X'l.tl==O
sin/).,,L=O
T'~<f
'
r
2
1
11.,.,,.olir<J<f
P~=o)
109
giJ 3. 1 il!ffff l'HKJl/I; O<x<L "'1 -ilMe j!;l,;;\tillr:, IRJl/l;l'!iliffl )\] ;filf7J<l!ll'>, 1'JM! lli.!J )\]
F (x), jj\Jj( JR Ji/I; i'l !li.!J :it lP pCr, t) (i<) :J!<J;!;)'\,
i.l: 1" r~ Ill! 1111 'f 1!< 3. l 9' l!! 6 fi "'1 till$, l1ll Jtt ff 1'l' 1iE Jl!i ~ x. ~ coofi,x, !il' 1iE 1il
P.~=I L, m~ o.1,2, "' 1lil~~1ilil~)\J 2/ L(M p,,,CO), l/ L(M p,- OJ, fi.l:!i'i l!HtAJ'\
(3.1. 25),fl!!li.!J:itlli
WI
(3. 2. 26)
3.
z. 3
*~PH!Zfle'il-tliiltilb
M'f JI! Ji! )\] >P 'JC flli! IR Jl/I; o<x< = 'I' (I<) ~P ~. 11111! iJlr:
!ii 9' 1'J i!il !li.!J ;lg F 1x J , ;It Ii! lfl fiij Ill!"! '.!ii .ll\C
rf.t._l'!J:
ax1 -Xdt'
[
l1
~$
-Ill! (l<J li\
="' ;'\' 11'. ill!'> ii\ f'f ,JI!
""<=,t>O
~ + h1P ],.=o =
(3. 2. 28)
O~x<=
(3.2.29)
0,
p(x,t=O)=F(x),
(3. 2. 27)
>
Ej l: 1J 1\' ~fl'( ' #Zill: '.Jl::llt:iJ- iii! "J i!f lJt filJ iii l;t T (t) (I<) !I\<)\]
T(t) = e-i
(3. 2. 30)
ilif 'i' ll!J'l!':llti!i lt X CP, xJ!il.@ 1''111'l'1IE1Jl[ i\l l!i!!,
~;; + fJlX(x)
[ - l 1 dd..X\.
~Hi =h1/l1,:tt.TtiEW~
O~x<=
= O,
+ h,X(x)J
O,
>
(3. 2. 31)
(3.
z. 32)
;;U
X j;
X(/i~:c) =
ficos/3x
+ H sin{3x
1
~ l'F J: 'j~'lf .11' ll!liili!iiElflll: (3. 2. 32) !!Ii Ji!/rlli! (3. 2. 31) "1l Jt!l'hl'<:f'f ( 3. 2. 32)
(3. 2. 33)
J;\C"' !ill ilillli
tll , J: - Jo 1\'~f 'f ff flli!B:J!t(l<J il!Ei;O, Ell 'l' l'!iliffll!ll'>il\i4"'1flli!1111 , flr !if.iii~ 9' "'1 P Rft i'f llR lllll!it
(I<) Jit;l;ll:{i[. !P j;fjif jlL flll'Ei! >P 'JC'1! 1?.(Jl/l;mrnt<r J!l'i> x ~ L JIJ:l!ll'>il\ i4"'1 llo!l!IJ '~~ p "f Jll(.11. 0
J'IJ M "'1 fl' :It c'Jl;'lloil!. ll!i#l!'IM P"'1 'llI-t->P 'it IRJ>ilill'ff t:Jrn. 1!1,~Jl!o l!Hrlit ili !Ii :I:! iii~ P
(x, t) (l<J
-IB!J!'I
p(x,t) =
f=,_,c(/3)e- ir'XC{J,x)d/3
1
(3. 2. 34)
i:i 1-lfllllJi! /rlli!-l!l l!ll'>il\i'f. ilif ;ll;9'5"9iiU\~ ,cJll! fl! '1l Mlil\i'fll! Ji!, f'1liilil\ ('f C3. 2. 29 l
f1:AJl:C3. 2. 34J,!ftili
Fix)~ r_/X<P,xldP
(3. 2. 35)
111)!: T' J~ X IP ,x )dx ~ ~ Cficofix + H, inPx )dx fF !!l l'E J:Jl: l'll ill, :flj l1l flriif 1\ tt!'J JE.l(ft
'if4"1il:~
110
(3. 2. 36)
1 r~ F<xJX(P,x)dx
c(Pl - N(P5.,
~;:!'.(3.
(3. 2. 371
2. 37li~liil (3. 2. 35) .ji~il\'-"
F(x)
J;., o\"M~5l[f~./Cx')X(fi,x')dx' ]dfi
(3. 2. 38)
it< '-":l!:tE 13: lttJ Co,= l pg l! liZ5UIJ if :It iii!i 'Ii( F(x l Ill *"1iEil! rJ Ill ll'J *" iE iii!i 'Ii( X Cfi, x) ~ff, ll'J Ye
ii\ 'it. R 1ll! FC<l fll dF I dx tE 13: 1'1 co.= l pg;! l:Jiil'< Jt lll:it!ll;, Jt lll:li:'*tli'iBtEl\:iJ 11/f J!,(.tl'li.iJLl'J
il!JE51., l!lJt IF(x J Idx #tE, Ji!~ 'ii: (3. 2. 38 JttllltJ'L l!l Jt, 'il:: <3. 2. 28)-.; ~.t!B' ill T Ji!:if'f
13:Jlll;<o, = J ~J ffJ ~1-m Jt'll:AJ1, n ~Jll!IJ<J Foud" 'Jl:Jll ,
J:
iE'.l\:#1
p(fi,tl -
liUJl'A
P(x,t) -
J~~ 0 X<fi,xJp(.t.t)dx
"
I
(3. 2. 39)
X(p,x)~
(3. 2. 40)
,., N(fi) p<fi,tJdfi
!mtEliilli;!l;*li!l:Jilil!J'!:JEl!'i'l'iiJll!(3. 2. 27)-(3. 2. 29),~~1iEiii!i'!i(C3. 2. 33J1~AC3. 2. 36) ,IQ

Jt Z ~ill lll l!i: N ( p) IJ<J fllJ !jj(
1
(3. 2. 41)
P' + H1
ilif~ l!"ill Im J>I !&!: (3. 2. 37 Jf\:A c3. 2. 34J;Jic11!it<l'illl!!il'Jf!'i'
N(fi) ~
p(x,t) -
J~_,,~<P' ~~~~J[f~ F(x')X(p,x')dx' ]cifi
(3, 2. 42)
*" 1iEil! 'Ii( ( 3. 2. 33)' i\i:'!i('?I; (3. 2. 41) fllf!'i''i!: (3, 2. 42) tt;ll;:Elff l'iiJ ll!! (3. 2. 27) - ( 3. 2. 29) ll'J ii!:
llll ll'f'!f.
~~Jl!l, llJ Ll 111 ill x- o kt;!; l!\~~fll l!l=~1f 1Xi!J.J1l>1H'f1i1'%1l'J ~ iE iiN !&fll i\i:!li1. i!;i;
0 JlHiJ 'l'E!li! 3. 2 'I' , :/i' T 1'if UE oo !,!!: X <~, x l f!l lll '!i(IJ<J Jll l!i: I/ N <Pl , BP ll) Ell l'\ (3. 2. 42) >l" 111 JlJf
11 IJ<J Jl!f1'f
ii: 3, 2 lt;f
JJ:ti!;f +P
X(x)
'l'l'Jitl~!!ilf~l<tfiliilll
"~
1
'
3
x=O
il.t!l!i!-:ftff'
[-X' +H1XJ~Q=O
}('
l.~~=O
Xl~~o=O
=O,O<x<=,:i!J..'.l ~ 3 '41
X<P.xl"'11illll N(#)
~lifiiitt
XI P, .->;)
~"p_,.-+H:sin#x
1/N({I)
?.
7 {J1+!1f
cr:w{l.r
..!.
~infix
.?..
'
'
1ll 3. 2 1i!l! '{<JC Ri ;k ll!lfil! x ~ o kt ::\1 Jl'i!IHJ\ ~i!J. J1l ,ii! f.f!E;IJ ;.<i p.. W-111 Jl!l!ll IE i1 ;.<i p.
~ p,- F(x), lil:JtfE;IJJt<'lf p(x,t), Jfitl(; F(x) - p,-1it'!i(ll'J1i\')!i,
Ill
p(z,i)~p,-p,ed( ~I
:11;9', ed(zl ~ ),:
3. z. 4
I: "
1
du
v 4Xt1
JiHi!'1:1ii~Ji<;;l:M;$,(Jt, Oi',~li{ A:l,
~ ~rr1c ii 1c ~~ W. l:l:i l# ;ni
*
T -!fl 11 m13:111'1!1 '1' 3Gm JK !ll 3G ll!!it
ll'J o/!iliE'" . l!;!iE
m: Fu lilf "'a;:
ilHiiJ l!!li!t
L 1 l'i 'I' Yii, 3G 1lit:1il'Jfill'J jfjj:Jt:IJ"1J1!1i'!Xll'J !m ll\lllJ'f Jl<l'ftli!i!o
tE
i~
l'jfl; T ~CTl!!
9.
1i'tti<l m1J nr illri!'i '1' ll'll'J 11;

3. 2. 4. 1
im: jjlJ
{J!['lfl
~~
*.
= !il=!i"PI! Iii l!&lllf.ill
X&'J' "'illilrm'I! fi;J JK!ll, fllJ ftl1 o<;x,;;;;a, o,;;y.;), o.;;,.;,. il'!ll'f JI' 3. 2. 1 l'f ll'Jl(:;ii;, Jt ll!'Je
lit fl'J Iii JI! , Jt lit 3 1' ltlFIH& JK Ill fl'J 1'/!iEii! riil ll!i. l'l;n@ EIJ n@ <3. 2. 4l - <3. z. 6! lit LU 1'illl
J'f.*-f'fll!iftt a<J , m~ 3 -t-n 1o1 ll'J rliEliii ~, o/!i!iEill. fllm:ti:i;r;r E1J ol'! s. 1 -it LU
x c".xi , Y
<P., y) ,Z (Y.,zl , ffif Tttl tll 'it< 3. 2. 8) !lit LU Fo-14:::".!fl fi] 1118'1 lillil'!ll'f 'it (3. 2. 2) '1
*"'
,
) ..., ~' ~ ~' -x(;T.e'.+'iJ X(a,..,x)Y(j3",y)Z(Y,,z)
P( x,;,z,t - L..J.::..., L.Je .,
N(u )N(" )N(Y)
m=l "=1 I=)
f f" f=
"'
fl"
Ji
00
x~u
y~O
F(x' ,y' ,z')X(a,,.,x')Y(j3",y')Z(Y1,z')dx1 dy'dz' (3, z. 44)
,~u
:JI; 9' , F <x l Ji!ofll it'1!E.iJJt1ll' ,
'i'?CAbll\!f!IKl!&iJll:iil:J
X'.I 'f 'I' 3G m!I< 1i!'18: :Ill f;lJ WI- o.;x< = . o<;y.;b ll'J .::ill !J[ iJiJ , Jt ll! '.!!' t ll'J Iii JI! JIM'f iiE Iii ~ X
Ca. x l 111i Jl'c $11! lllJ riil I!!< 3. 2. 31 l , ii\f !!;!iE Iii li: Y (/l., y) 111i Jl'c ff! iiE {I[ riil Ill .'.I! ii:! 'f t 3. 2. 17 J <3. 2. 19 l t; fll1iJ Jt~U EIJ 'f< 3. 2 1'll 3. 1 Jll'LUtl! Jillll'J X <a .x) , l IN (a) Ll & Y <P. ,y l , P. ii!,!/N
J. 2. 4. 2
<P. J llbn!'.1<11!1!1llllllil ll'Jiltit:'it

p(x,y,t) = ~ {""' e-t('""ll!,l X(a_~3.2.~-~-!.
,.., 1 J.~n
N(a)N(p.,.)
u:.J;_,X(a,x')Y(p.,y')FCx' ,y')d/dy' }a
(3. 2. 45)
:)l;'f' , F<x Y )Ji!;'!" i!Ll:: 8'J Wim Jli:i:J )-};ffi".

!llUllK
ilJ ~; t !~>!' 1iJ IM !II '1 t' LU , --t-11' l1l'" ll iii lilcll! ll'J !l'l lif il!l J!ji. .II!!!!! 11'-t- -!Ill~ It;!;~ V1! !Ill
ll'J ii! m!it LU i! R Jl'.l<t it Ll l' JI< f'f ,
3. 2. 4. 3
1) 1Ji'.Jt/J@~1f!);:ll'J I
--------------.. . '
112
2) itl Ii' /Rf'f'J!,frl'): a<J ;

3) ill AfLE:iJ J!,lit't( C:)i;!ifl'ld1'fJBJ!,~ l , 11ti!f J!,J!1-'i! 1"1 'il' lit Ei'J !ifi'jjl , IP flJ '1fl Ell :ti FCx. y,
z)UJ'~~
F(x,y,z) = F 1 (:x)J.':(y)F 3 (:t)
(3, 2. 46)
:<; ~ J:: , :JC ii: x& cc.!f< 1'i< =!I< ii '1! 1'!<5C '1! iR ~ R ~ xt 4il'-:lf l'J 11 !1f 1iE Ell :ti li1 :ti cL~ ll. !1f 1iE
{l[J Jl.11" JE W:n rtJW ~&;1'd4' .Jiil. iii\'E ff] A<J jjljjlJltJ!,oJ: (3. 2. 44) .lit (3. 2. 45 l iKil! littiFZJJ Newman 1!@!Rll!U11!.
3. 2. 5
~~l!li)[~~~~~mt
rm.
Xt r il'IJl\it:a<J !11 '1J. :lflli:il&ieffl'): a<J!W (1. 9. 15 l Elim , oJ: o/ ,q (, .t) I Atl;fiie frl'): !II Jt
ll!! '.!!;:it!!; 'It IM'i' ff l'l: n!!1;;;; :or; ~a lltr oo mi a l'iilllli. ?t ~'li!Hr'1'fM' l{!;Fn :ilf '11: na
r ooit lit i1! rr"' illl ?t llf i1 lit fl< in lll lilf ie fr l'l: Iii'.~ lit i9J
:fl' ill! !l;!';i*lll! Iii :If!!1 (!. 9. 15 ) ' :/fWl Ii!.~~ !11 a<J lllt ?t:If!!1 ii
ill!*.
:ffi ill i :If!!1c3. 2. 47) A'J Jl!itlf'i!!# 1'Jt:A'J if~iif fM' p. Lx, y ,zl '5-l!l l'Zff !'): llll:5t IP ti! 1ll'Jll.Wi:lf1"1
Jl!li;! p,Cx,y,zl;tfU ,'i!JKi-!ifitlflll/JEtf-1'*,l\, i!lf
p(:i;,_y,z) =- P8 (x,y ,z) + p. (x ,y,z),
IK4t R pg
1'1:An!!1<3. 2. 47J,mH4
\fipg(x,y,z)+'V'ip. (x,_y,z)+
q(x,y,z)=O
(3. 2. 48)
![~ R ~
(3. 2. 49)
ll5l i1 p, JlHiI1ll'&Wf 1f!!1A<J19", RP v 'p,~ o, F.li il 1::,1:'.ll;Jl!:

\lip. (:rjy,z)+
~ q(x,y.z)=O.
Jt:Jf!!il "i Iiit:lr!!il C3. 2. 47J%'1:-lll fill Ell Jt1l! t; !Iii ,'1:!1:/f lll!lil~i!f lit:lf!!il (3. 2. 47la<JIM'1iJ' Ell
jj;::lf!!1 A<J if-!l'fllll' lR 1'Z t!'J fr l'l: Jf 1"1 !'1 Ji! i8'i;t olll !l!Jil\. Jil I'll p, Mllll !i!.A<J it! 31'-i!H't or !Ill 'i!' J!Z ie
fr vz a<i &.ff <X:lf 1"1,@ "Tm :5tll!! 'i!'tli<
1"1 Wll'J Ta<i ffil !\!ilit:ll&ttnilil c3. 2. 4n if-11\'IM'
p 1':1-liJllliB:/f At1'"f 11llf'1L 13(11' ffl 89:1! q~ 11':ti q, A'JTI!l!B, Hi:!t!l'll;!z-f,t;l1!o-q,x' I
2A. J3: ii) l!l lr!S'11;A jj' 1'l ( 3. 2. 47)ilil 1N '@: '!! lll:iiL jlJI JI! Mlr:l!i 11 l)fj;l;t-'l'! !'ill 'i!' tillllll I !Ji: ft
7} 1iT, W~ -'1jj;:'i!'Jia<J :ll::lf Jil\JE tL, RP Xt q- q,x, p. ;t .. J!,-q,x' I 6A, l!J lit;!i!Jil!, iii q ~ q,x, m1J p.
*ltlf.
Z-jg q 0x"+z /(n +]) Cn +2),l,

:fl'il~~~;!ii61lll!
<'Ell;!!lt Y $!1<1llll!i!>i~ lit liJ !\!i l:J M, lit "T VJ i1!-tl'>J< 18'i$ !11' ffl'):
1e ~:Ji: ifli lit ilJt it :!J!!I , < i:l:~ R VJ
(
) lilp(x,y,z,t)
V ' P(:r:,y,z,t_1+1
~q .1',y,z = X
at
(3. 2. 50)
n!!il 9' 1e'11'1X~ E; atflil :JC~, 1 l!(lCl!i!l!'..'f'!l!n& ffiJ :!l'lt. x& r- il1'i'ifll>, <I! ilJ1iJ vJ re l':?l-111! l!Z
JL-tili! $ a<i ffiJl!i. JJ:JS ~ fiiP~r~lllia<i --tllll"l' 111 it ill!:!l'Jl:!i<'1'1M'. i!t:lflli c3. 2. so) 1*1' i:J r
itl J'f Ji'd4' WmAfl #d'i'
113
3. 2 1i ,q; 11:# ,j\ 'f l*~ lt i'
---------------
[ l,
~ + h,p]
'
, = 1.2, .. ,}l
= f,(x,.y,z),
(3.2.51)
11.Jr.,,J:
lirro
p(x,y,z,t)
[[~ R
F(x,y,z)
J1i'
(3. 2. 52)
:it 'I' ,N Ji!.ill l'Ht'J 'll: , al cm, JI.Ill' JI! ilif r, i'fl!;i&:lf riiJ ft'J .\l<'ll:, l!t llliif ITT fl; Ll r:lf l!<?tl!I< JJll;Jt1'
"111! 11' ft'J f'l m,
-Ji!!l!l p., (x, y ,z) ;E Sl.ft'J-!I! (j~ O, J , 2,. .. ,N) 1C. ;lr()(li!.iO; CITT rili s $'if,) l'iiJ Iii. :::'.Jik!!l
p. Cx. Y,, ") iE SI. ft'J:lf tt <J;,l r!ii h 'l!t;f, l "~"' lllJ m,
p.,(x,y ,z)!i!! r'1J4>1ftt~;!;fii]l@lft'JJl'1'
Jv
p,;(x,y,z)
1 ~:' +
l;
+ li~j
o,
q(x,y,.z) =
h,p,! = li11f1<x,.y,z)
IK~R P1
(3. 2. 53)
3'-W S; _t
(3. 2. 54)
:it 'I', i ~ 1, 2, ... ,N, j ~ J, 2, ... ,N, 8,,Ji!! Kronecker 1'1.\J', 1 4lf 1''f 1"1!@!9 'ff -1'1!!J'l-c1'it
c;~ j>Jl!!<r.:1r1:1:90.
p, <x, y ,z .tl!i!< rJi'U :lrtti>'lt'1> lllJ !@! 90 Ji'1,

(3. 2.
!,
ap.
i)n,
J'I-ilif S, J:
h,p~ = 0
55)
(3. 2. 56)
p,(x,y,z,t) I,~~= F(x,y,z)
2jp.i(x,y,z)
,.,
ffl 1't !tit A S'J:lf $ :f '1!liE an, J:lt WJ 1- Ill* lllJ mft'J l!I< !II: !Jo ilil
(3. 2. 52l90Ji'1, 1
(3. 2. 57)
*tt JI! JW lllJ m<3. 2.
.. *,
so>
p(x,y.z,t) =
L:P, (.r.y,z) + ph(.r,_y,z.t)

,
1
(3. 2. 58)
J: 5.hl ili ft'J 111! 11' lllJ ll!i J<JJ "!Ill ?t 7111!: :1: 1,1;
t!l ::1; -!!! 4> tt :it ;i5; r,1 m<3. 2. 53 >!fl
o. 2. 54) 'I' 90111 t-'f f'l !@!,:)tip :lfli:Ji!Jll ffei'f llJ 1-'l'191i' -1'. ill:!J\:f'l Rll1'EJ$;1J' fil!l-llil?t B
!i!l!l<i'!< T . ilif:lrli: ;,~;;; r~m <3. 2. 55 >- (3. 2. s1> :it:lf 1lilfll ill J1!.;fdtl!IHi;:1rl!: 90 ~!J\: r'1 l!i
<El!l 3. 2. 3 'fi 'I' 0 i'F T i.1'!1lililf rl'lf lil!1!<1!1iF #!lJ '!':,
::/; T iJ! "11 'Erft'J Ai*E'llll , rilif lil-;I: 1'\J. i!itii' ll[Jijt D<;;x,;;;L ft'J 'I' ilif 'l'i'i'!iit illJ, 1!7Jlil!E;iJ ;!;
F Cr) , l!l itl'iJ t>O st, fr !lit !)till. i*$\i"' 1' 1*19. !iit I: '"' x~ O;:t;l!,;FJ!t1.kli!JI! ,x~ L ;:J:iJilj#;E
$. p., Jlt:;j(ffi;iJ)t;/Ji
JlJ Ill 11''1'.i!it p, ~ 0, t!l ::l;il'i p,0 iif Jt& t.p~ p(x ,t) - p, i!!ff\tll:, 'f;IJ'sif<l'iiJ Rllft'J /Ejjoj,1'
it 'Of El JJI(;
Ji,(
J.P.j
a:c "'""
~o,
>
o,
>
0) = F(.;r),
O <x<I~
p(:r,t) l~fil{, =
pCx,t =
!JIJ'l l@ll!f 5tl!I' Ji!. -1' Ill p, (x) 'll!7J\ ft'J iF :If/)(II! :\li ~ IJIE '
(3, 2. 59)
114
(3. 2. 60)
O-<..:::x<L,t>O
ap,I
a.r 1.. filo
=o,
p11 (x,t = O) = F(x) -
11iJl'l!C3. 2. 60)ifll(3. 2.
(3. 2. 61)
P11l .. fil., = O
p,(x) = F* (.1')
6DB'Jf!jl-~tl:ti
x'
L'
(3. 2. 62)
(3. 2. 63)
F'*(x)=F(x)-~~Li( 1-f:)
{3 .. = (2m2i,1>rr.
m=0,1,2,
f l"i i":l<H!Jm * , Ji' X1 =It 9'!!1?till1'i'il1:ll' Fo RP 11J. f'i l'l! ( 3. 2. s9JB<J 1!11'
p(x,t) =
~~L 2 ( 1 -1:) + i~e-Xll!. 1 cos{?.,.r1 f:F(x 1 )cos;J..,x'dx'

-
'...q~ L;
" (- l)"'e-ze!. -cosfi..,x
1
f,). ..... o
ff':.,
(3. 2. 64)
3. 3. 1 'll:ell5J
ill\ 1'EX1 JllltHJ; l>i<'!i "'B<J =:lilil'!Ho!lt7l' ;lrl!iiillff'!!'lt7l'Iii' Xf'f ;lGl!(!lf. ;j/J, J'ii:lrl!ii (1, 9. 17)
'ill (1. 9. 26) 'llJtt;J; fi' .!' '!' ~:l!l!ii or:ey lit
a.'1'+1"+1.~+~-1.:Jf
2
1
8r
rJr
~~Xat
(3. 3. 1)
xi: '!' p= p (r , o.z , tl , 1tl\';\11: p 1'f J!!1J!ln FB<J '!!':I! 7l' 1\1 ,
p(r,9,z,t) = T(t)[T(r,8,z)
(3. 3. 2)
ttAH!ii (3. 3. D mull!
l.[
if'U + l_ iV + 1. if'U + il'U)' =
U(H.2.
rdr
az
,.i~
J_ dT(x) =-A'
(3. 3. 3)
(3. 3. 4)
'tl'dt
r:li\Hl'i! <s. s. u :it lit!U rl"ii" 111!! ,

d'l~;t)
+ XA'T (t) =
115
ifU
i)r 2
I iU
r Jr
nl!! <3, 3. s) 01< ;<J Hdmho\t, nl!!,
+l
ifU
,..i afP
+ ifU
''U _ 0
azl
(3. 3. 5)
jlj:1!1; U 1lfHrfilmril'J-ll'li* J*f,
U(r,0,z) -
(3. 3. 6)
R(r)9(0)Z(,)
1'tAnl!!(3. 3. 5)Jlil!J
_1_( d'R
Rdri
+ 1_ dR) + l_ 1_ d~~ + ]_ dtz + ,1i =

r 2 8d&l
rdr
Zdz2
(3. 3.
7)
'111! if<n!IJltJ'.L. !llli.t15-1' l'l 'll::!ltll'J il lll1*~tl "l''f 'lit!ll1. IP

1 d1z
Zdz2=-r2
(3. 3. 8)
l(. d'R + _!_rdr

dRJ' + _!_ _!_ d'!l __ P'
r1'Jd0Jl
(3. 3. 9)
Rdr~
'-fi'+Y'
11uitHr rr 11: t ?t l*f ,nm <3. 3. 'i 1lf?t 111 J1J
1 d2 8
(3.
Bdli'=-"
l(d'R
+ lr dR)-"
R d,-1
dr
r
=-
P'
3. 10)
(3. 3. Jl)
'1l: JJt '.!!::It ?t Jl!lll li' . ?t 71! l'i 15- 11!'111: 7} nil! 11'.1 illi* l!l<;VtJ /:lj ~u r ,
~;!+VB=
O,
~~ + ; ~~- + (~2 - ~ )R. =

d'Z
dzl
+ PZ = Q,
d~it) + XA2T(t)
O,
O,
sinw9,cos..O
(3. 3. 12)
J,(/3r),lv',(/3r)
(3. 3. 13)
sinYz,cosYz
(3. 3.141
e-x;i,
(3. 3. 15)
'
nil! (3. 3. 13) 01<1'1 ' l!it JiU\i'IF CBes..,I) n!, 'E il'Jf!'I J, (fir Jill! N, Cfirl?tg1j;<Jjf!-,,.ilfljf! =~
l!ft Jl !f;!J( il!li1 ( )\\l!fiii!' Bl), 11; 'f > jf 'f'i!J. fttf ?)' Jl!'lit!li1 ' Z 'f. n! (3. 3. I) 11'.i '!t~!M' ill ; l:
15-?t Jl!n!ll'J illi:it<lil<;j!j!lli! l!l!i'i jlj:JtJ4tn~/:lj illn@C3. 1. 13).!;n! C3. 1. 12 J;j!j It nr l!l :fi:
/:lj, J!1rcli'3J<riill:oll Stunn-Liouville lliJJ!~&
p(x) =r,q(x) = -V /r,w(x) =r,A=/3 2 ,f/J=&
11'.i f!'!ll11\\'lffo }j}( l!l ;ti; !l' fiE il !111JI.if'II!'1'I( r 11'.i iE 51:. tt . l1P 'it c3. !. 19 J Ji!; o. 1. 2ol J!JT ;if; ilif nW
(3. 3. 12 JC3. 3. 14 >Jfll (3. 3. J 5 >tE !!' 3. 2 1'1 'I' Bil\'!lilf l'lit. ff!J!'l '1'1'111'.i Jill Sl!llJfll ii!Jl!.J!'dtll'.i ~
Ill! ,:)1;~!iEil!li1, j\l;!!{ l!l& *liEllfilf ffi '11! 3. I l!lt 3. 2 J![~Jil' /:lj ilSI ti;, 4'l'f il'Jk/i fiiJ J!~Jl;ljlf l'l
Jl !fi!J( :Ifi"il c3. 3. 13 l & 11; l!J JI!. *14' 11'.i !l'fiE11! f'l J! lilJ et 'l I /:lj <'ii' !!Ut'.ll:Jll!Xt
3. 3. 2 !T.!111.111.lil!lSl~fiEilfqjll
$ tElilfl't Ji! !oi!f<:lf ! (3. J. 13) tE1!-1'1'1' fl'l ii!Jl!.*itrtE a<;;r<;;b, O<:;;r<;;b ,a<;;;r<=;fll O
<r< =4 1'I SJii il'Jl*fiEiltfOJ B&;tl;;\fl;J(:ll'J !Jl?t'.ll:Jll!xt
...
--------------"'""' .... -
116
a~r~b
!&!Iii
~JI! lll=!l!J!IJ'il5kl4 l\fliEill fil Jl!i'.SJ Jill
(w~JR- o,
'
r
d'R.11 + l dR. +
dr
r dr
~r ~~~'+H 1 R,=O,
l ~~"+H2R,=O,
(3. 3. 16)
r=a
(3.3.17)
(3. 3. 18)
*n
(3.3.19)
:lnl i!1r Jjlf JJ! ,it l'iiJ Jl!i 11to'liE1iii 'Ill: Jl.:ff I!{ T lE ~ tt
f:rR,(/3.,,r)R,(P.,r)dr
{~(p.,)
rrt
m = n
J:rRE(/3.,.,r)dr
}i(/3.,) =
!#;ii;! r
!ii! 3. L 3 "1l' 9' lJ: ( 3. !. 23) , cj!f Eli ;!:J p }( -'i r
,fl7 t
(3. 3. 20)
1f'Rll. 1JJ jt; ill 'Ill: jg F V l , ffltl 1f
FCrJ ~
'IJ,.R,<P.,r)
(3. 3. 211
J'
(3. 3. 22)
c,,. = N(/3
1 .. ) ~rR,(/3... r)F(r)dr
f J:;J: ft AC 3. 3. 21) 1lJJ41l!ii' jjijlij: F(r I i'J 'Rli\3'\

F(r)
jj R~~{J'~)f~r'R,(/3.,,r1 )F'(r1 )dr'

.. -1
"'
a<r<:.b
(3.3.23)
"
Iii 'Iii: F(r l 1lJ1i!n!!J:J't, x1 F(r J tE B'.Jl)I; a<;;r<;;b P!i J!;J< 11'1 ,Ri'f-'i!!f! 3. 2. 2
'11' 9' M F (x) i'J Jf ;J<
1'1l liil. lffl Jlt, ,i: C3. a. 23 I !Ii tl1 T ri:;;; Ca ,b J l*J iii 1' l!iifJtll-'i!<l*xt, ft:l'71f mw'b" 'Jl'l*,
iE:!e~:PCf3.,,t)
""""' <r,t J
LX-:;i..m:P
f:~.rR,(,B,.,r)p(r,t)dr
~ R.<P.,rl"
=;::.::
N(/J.,) p(,,,,.,,t)
(3. 3. 24)
(3. 3. 25)
tE 'l Illt--t fl\ 5t 'i!< l* x< l'l Fc , ~ Ill ml i:t!k !IE!ll! Oll:lill nit %'iiE ill fiJ 18l 1J 1 iiE ilii 'Ill: , 1\1' iiE ill fl1
1":'111:, lffl :;ig:Jrli (3. 3. 16Jli'J11;:.js:Jll;ll; J, <P.r J"11 N.<P. J Ill J![J;!1-l:AIJ11lJ l'l ill' AT'1J Iii '111:111
li\:lf1'! (3. 3. 16) ;fU J!IJI'. ;l;/t (3. 3. 17) , RP
R,(fi_,r) ~ .4.J,(fi,r) - B.N,<iJ.r)
(3. 3. 26)
A,"" P.N',<P.bl
B,
"" i!.J' ,(iJ.b)
+ H,N,(iJ.bJ
+ H,J,(iJ.b)
(3, 3. 27)
(3. 3. 28)
(3. 3. 29)
117
(3. 3. 30)
"'P .J' ,(fJ.a) - HJ,CP.a)

D,(fJ.) ~ f!.N' .<f!.a) - H,N,CP.al
f!i\'!iEii<i'l'!il'J'l!J!.ifi:<3. 3. 26lf\:A(3. 3. 20l~Pi4ffi'I'! N<f!.l'h
(3.3.31)
C,(fJ.)
(3. 3. 32)
N(fJ.) - f'.r[A,J,<P.r) - B,N,(fi.r)]'d

=
A;f:rJ;(/)..,r)dr
+ B~J:rN;<ft..r)dr
(3, 3. 33)
- 2A,B,J:rJ(fi'.,r)N,(j).,r)dr
'ilJ Ill ~!>ii: B 0 3'I:: (B7. 5l x1 J:3'1::J!rr1'!\:5ti!t;ll', }I' )jiJ Ill: 'F Lil !lli' 8; li'i 'I'! B'J AA Wf 11!i (Wron,kiJ cl:'
*fi:<Bs. D,
J,(fir)N' ,(fir) - N,(fJr)J',(fJr) - -}
~er
(3. 3. 35)
,r
N(/J.,) =
p~c;
2 c;( H~ + P! - ~) - B~( H1
t {J! -
~)
(3. 3. 36)
;t C3. s. 26 l. cs. s. so J"11 <:i. s. 36) lltl!r!i\'!iEiJ!!fiijl'J! <3. 3. 16 l- C3. s. 18 l J'Jixt i!ZB'11\l'iiEi1Hi1, Ii\'
!iE Jio!ll ffi 'l'!il'J f;lJ'I'!. .;!; 'I', .4.,B,,C,, D. :lt~O ill 3'1:: (3, 3. 27), ( 3. 3. 28), ( 3. 3. 31 J .C 3. 3. 32) !fl
ili . Xt'F '1J- f'!> T Ii'! il'J lt! J'Hfd'f i!l it ,Jll '.lf>il'l il'J :IJ'I* i!l:Jl!i::tllJ( H, H, .. 'F"<l' El:= . i'if l:l ill ~lJ ,jjj J;\Z
B'J !i\'!iE li!i 'I'!, Ii\' liE iEi fl1 IE 'I'! l:ll: lii!lli l1U'U 1' SO! 3. 3 ill 'I' Jf! 2 J'lJ l!r l"i lli! B'J i!J.J'I. 51d'f JI! 3 J'lJ B'J
JI! 1 1Tli'<!i\'!iEli'i 'I'! R.(f!. ,r J , JI! 2 rril!m!i\'iiE 1E!l!r1*:1J''!lltl'1 JEil<, xt':FlilixtltB'J ffi;IJ :fr <'ii. IP
ffi;IJ "i 8 'JC!<:'tllflf! , 5''!1!4- ,~ 0, ;;!; 3. 3 li'J 1'filftJll, JI! 4 }'lj ;li;ffi ft B'J{;lJ ft ,:)t '!' , A, B, F, f\l F,
:fr~U'h
', /"'mb
' )'
B~I-j,,-
F\ = Hj
O<;;c<;;b
l&lill
+ fi!,A,
~ J!:t l!IJJ!! l'[Jljt .r~b
F' 2
= H~
+ fJ~B
(3. 3. 37)
1J::i;J ll!=:'.lf>lt!J'!.4ft{'f, 1*!!'1iEil!!fiiJ ll!llij' ili Jin T,
d~~+; ~~+(~-~)R,=O, O~r'I' a #!II< o &p nT, llil mi1f
;c, RP.,r)f'
" a.. ,r )F(r )d r
F(r) = ~
N(!J.,) 0 r~...,(I"
....
,--.-----------------..----
..
(3. 3. 40)
118
3.3
fl#-158~~'+ ~ ~~+( /P~ ~) R,-o,a<,r<-.b
~~~~~~~m~~~,~~IE~ft,~IE~~~ft
Jl'~
----------- ---------------------------------------- -----
'
3
R.<p., ,r)
~IEflt p. !Ji/ill!l1'!!1
~-iiF.iiilt
l'lll-JHfo
-
B.,\l,({1~r)
[ -R (r)+H1RJ.-.=O
R.= A.J,(/3.,r) -
[R (r)+H1RJ.-1=0
t\,(p.,)C,({J.,)- B,<jJ,.)D.({i.,) = O
[ -R' (rl+HiRJ,~.=O
&=N' ,({1..t;)J,({J..r )-J' ,(fJ.,b)J>.',(fJ,.rl
/((r=h>=O
C,N' ,(j3.,b)-D,J' ,({J,.b) =O
[-JI.' (rl+H1RJ,-.=O
R. = )1!, ( /J.,b )J, (fJ.,r) - J ,(p.,h) N,({J.. r)
R(r=b)=O
C.N,.(jJ..b)- D,J,(j!..b) =O
R'(r=a)=O
R.=M,({J,.r ) - B,N,CjJ,,.r)
[R' (rl+H,RJ,_, ... 0
A..J' ,({J.,al- R.N' ,(/J.,a) =0
Jl.(.,=a) =O
R,= A..l,(/J.,r ) - B,.N,({J.,r)
[JI.' (r >+ H2RJ,_,=O
A.J,(ftma)- 8,};',(/3.,r;) =0
! R,=N' ,(f1,../J)J,({:J,.r)-J' ,({J.,./, )]i,(fJ.,r)
R'(r=a)=O
R'(r=/J)=O
J' ,({J,.a)N' ,(jJ.,b) ... J' ,(fJ.,b)N' ,(/J,.a) =O
R!(r=a) ... Q
R. = N, ({/.,b )J, (fi,.r) --~ J ,(ft.,b) N,(/J.,r)
R(r=b)=O
J' ,(fJ,.a)N,< fJ,.h)-J,lft.,b)}i' ,(P,.a) =O
R(r=a)=O
R,= N' ,(fJ..IJ)J,({J,,.r >-J' ,({J.,l;i)N,({J,.,r J
R!C.-=6l=O
J. (/1.,a) ]'{' .({J.,b) -J' ,({J.,b) 1>1. (/].. al = 0
R(r=a)=O
I fl_,=N,(/1,..b)J,({J..r)-J,(/?.,b)N,({J,.r)
'
R<r-b>-o
J, C{J,.")J; ,({1,.h l - J,({1.,1: N ,({J.,a) = o
Xlt'f:l:t~t!J~,
1/l:i({J,.)
/!ICI
'2 C~F1-B'!F1
m.ci
C';B-F 1 J~ZC{1.,b)
"'z c:
"'
M,c.:J
F 1 J~(/>~b)
e~JIC/J,.a)
2 FiJ't({i,,,a)
AB!
Pf,,J!(f!..a)
T"" FiJ~(/3,.a)
"'
{f!,,J'IC/3..a)
T"' llJ'; (fJ.,u) ~-AJ':(fJ.,I))
'
fn.J1C{J ...a>
"'
fn.fl.({J.,al
T J'1<P..a>
AJt({J..b)
Tfil~<fl,.(l>-J' ~<fJ.,b>
-~
......f!.~J1(ft.,.a_)_
2 J!(/1,.a)-Ji({!,.bJ
~- O, Jll~ Po"" O t!i.:11!~1'~1iE {l, ,ftJ Jlit\J ~fif Mi ~:II! Ro ({Jo.r> -1. ffil lit tt'11/N (/Jo l
=Zl<bi-ai>.
~&K<O,b)~X"fr~F<l~m41.2.27F(z)~
l"1 'f ;,,'10 ill'T Ll IH!-1-ll1:5l'Jl'N!M, !*:<: }JlHlil Honkel !!'NI,
iE~~: P<f1,..,t)
= J:rR,(i.1,,.,r)p(r,t)dr
-""" P("' ) = ~
""R,(p.,.) l
&,,:,,,,
N<P.l P<r.,t
(3. 3. 41)
3. 3. 42
JlJ! :J'E!tll>: lt<1\\'liEi1!f'lMI11'HiEl!i'l'l:, WlliEilH1l lil:'l'l:. *l'liEl!i 'l'l R.<P. ,r l $'.:ii! J, <P. "l f1l
N,(~. ,.) ~~tt!ll it, X~'f~lffif']Mj r= oJti;J.EjJ !Y:11#R'!i1!, n~ R.#Ri! {i[, ill
N ,c,) E = OJttii! 'f Ji'; Ai! :le ,1i'I: '.1' flll1'! l'li N, <~. ,r l Jjlj ;;< cltilt 1* lJI: ]I !!!: !lHJ! 11 ~ , '}';,, Jjl( 11\' liE
., 'l'l:::I>
=J,(P. J
'II!~ 1-f!if~ lilill.J1' Jr<f'f (3. 3. 39 l , mH~liEil! ~- B:;,, T?IJJ!llilll::!i1ll IEill.
R.<~. ,r)
P.J' .<~.b) +HJ.<P.bl =O
(3.
;J,
43)
(3. 3. 44)
!19
J'.(fi.bl=[ddJ.(,)J
r
l'll dlll;ll,:~'iitl&, J3. 'I! >;>-1/2 (Wa"on 1966).
(3.3.45)
,-P.,b
ili!~11fliEli!i l&iJ iE'Jl:f. ffi:ll: N(fi.) jg

(3. 3. 46)
N({3m) = f:rR!(,8,,.,r)dr
;!1JJllm_.. B7. 5 !R5i'i~,J:. t>l:PJ'El'lllt
N<P.) - ~[)Ji +
:.b' JJ;(fi.b)
1-
(3. 3. 47)
xt'F , - b '11: jg lfl ::::~Jr o.: it! J'1. !J\-14' i1I' ir>, ~u ,i: (3. 3. 391 op H = o. 111 liE li!i l& OJ Ell >!:
(3. 3. 43 >*ii'. ilil11iliE11i p. Ji!illli JE fl'J:lf j!!jg ,J: (3. 3. 44) opif: H = O, R~ il'liE fl[ fi. ;11,:Ll T:lfl!!
8'J iEili!
.J' .<P.b > -
(3. 3. 48)
Ell >1:<3. 3. 47)il: H-0 ,j!}l'[l!j(
N<P.l - ~ ( 1 -
p;b,) Jo<P.bl
(3. 3. 49)
xt'F ,_ o Til'J!!., p, - o l!!;i!,:-1-il'liE111'.. JZet

Ro(flor) = 11
(XJ P~ = 0)
N(/3,,) = b1 /2
(3. 3.50)
xt'f ,_ b '11:::\1$1! i#!Jrtx it!J'1.!J\-('fi11'J!!. , PT i,\.jg ;;J: <3. 3. 39) op !I =,fl!. R, (,=bl - o.
il'liEli!i l& Ol Eil ;;1;(3. 3. 43 HIVi'i. !->!'. C3. 3. 44) !ii Ll H 1')fll.1liEiii. P. ;II,: Ll T:lfl!!li'JiEil<
(3. 3. 51)
N(fi.) -
r=b
f'tJiCfi.,)dr - 2J':Cfi.b)
b'
(3. 3. 52)
'11: 3 l'!'f' i'j itLJ'1.ili-1'f fl'Ji!'liE li!il& R,(fi.r). i;'liE iii. . j'll/p;l!j( fl'Jj!ljl!j( I/ N (fi.HlJ'F'i! 3. 4.
~ J, 4 fllt~~fl~'.&
+,(/31 -~)
R.=o.ot;;;,r<b
d r+l.1.
r ?~:
dr
,.t.
1''1' Fol;/l.I! Ill!* "F IMf liEi!llll ... liE !l *1;\1111
il''t
1
,.-... 115t1:
l'll'l-11<1'1'
R'.+HR,=O
!llll'~ll<
J.({J.,.r)
!llll'!.il . Jli
l!N</J.. 1
"',. !11'lli
{J,.J',({J.,b)+
-'-
HJ,CP,.bl=O
J';((j..b)
IP.
f,2.(Hi+p.,)-v'
R! ,=()
J,(/J.,.,)
J',(/J,.,b)=G
2
IP.
JtcfJ,,.hl vM.~vJ
.I
R,-0
J,({J,.r>
J,({),.b)""(J
b2J 1:c{)..11)
a<r<= lll:l;l M 'fl! I'!' 36Ill!:k13:~, Ill! 'F ftli';$x~$t\Y J!!. , IP ,_ 0, ;il;i;'liEili. raJ l!liiJ
"'! J!Y.
120
Pr! iiJ P}f >, xt 'f :t '~
?~~~ + ; d~~o + /PRo

-R'v
0,
a<,.<=
(3. 3, $3)
r=a
(3,3,54-i
llR~-o,
*IKJ!ltll %li'J, pll!;l:!;il:

!!it
ill;))- ;/ff li'1 , Iii J!!l lj' JI! 3.
2. 3 Ti '1' J1! 1' F <x l 'I< ;t!; P;
( 3. 2. 38l!l:'Mli'11fi!', 15[11! F<r)

F'(r)
J;~o /3~~~~;r) [J7=ar R,({i,r' )F(r' )dr

1
]dP
(3, 3. 55)
.Jl; cF, 'WfJE!l;j 'l!l Ro flll['l!l N (/3) !fl lll:'f r~a ,;J;iftJ'h'k{'f ll'J!l:'lt! :ilf 1'Efci ilif !it lL fll 'il: (3.
BJ 51 ill 1'1!\5} 'i!'i'I! Xt. ~p <:t'1.!) Wob" '!!'i'I!

iE5t~iP(/1,t) = J:.rRo(/1,r)p(r,t)dr
"""
tx..:cZ:tz iP(r,t) =
3. 55 J
(3, 3. 56)
f"
fl"'o PR,,<P,rJN(/3) p(,8,r)d/3
(3. 3, 571
!1!1'Eitii> 't 'f r~ a !ti: :!J !II" !l:'ift!lhliid'ffllf % li'1 'W1iEiili ll'Hti ill!&. 41" R, <(!r l !! .J,, fl:
N,, <Pr l li'1 lil!1i!l!it. ,I& Fu rb i!!J!.;f,i'f (3. 3, 50 )!! ill .ll;.l\!1!1. ;j':J1l;)j< i'll!;;1iE iili'lk R,, 'f;
R~(/3 ,r) = [/3N1 (/)a)+ HN0 <(ia) ]Jo (/3r) -[{:IJ 1 (/la) +HJ,.(/3a) JN,!( /Jr)
(3, 3. SB)
:jlf R, <P .r1{~A 0'<\
[/IJ, (j3a)+HJ,(Pal ]' +[f!N,((!a)+ HN, <Pa)]'
CS. 3. 50)
it 'f r ~a !ti: :!J JI!:::.!!' lliG Jll-!l:'iliJ!.41'<1'ftlf Ill. PJ ft !l:' Ml:it (l<) lilf l'L
lt~llll!li JI! !'11 'f
N({i)
~ 3. 5,
fl'"!
r=a ill'.
!lftiEiliLtt R,(p ,r)
i!J.Jl'JH'f
1/Nl./3)
{[fJJ1 (/1.i) +HJo(/la) ] 1
R 0 =J0 ({Jr)[fJN, ({Ja)+HNo(/la)]
~R'(a)+HR=O
R' (a) =O
Ro=N1(jfa)Jo({ir)-J1 (/Ja)No(/Jr)
[Jl(j9a)+N1(f/a)J-'
R(a)=O
Ro=No<Pa)Jo(/h-)-Jo({la lNo(/lr">
[Jiji({iaJ+N3Cfia\]-
~ No({Jr)[fJJ1 ({1a)+HJ~(/)a)
+[fiN,(/la)+HNQ1)3a)]) " 1
o,;;,,;; =Ii! lit 1'E l!ll tt fil Iii< .I\ 'I' lilf 'IE 111!1" :1G '1i! ::k 18: J1il
d'R,
I dR,
drz +-;:dr--1 .. ( 1~m
<!iif :!!: !l;j !l!1 F(r) 1" r

'W !iE Ji!j 'l!l .J.( ~r ) 'fl. 'if; 'faJ
V' 'j R,=0,

;r
(l<) ~~~Pl 'If l'L Jl. IQ))'
~ Jtl 1f 1'1
~
O>qr<=
( 3. 3. 61 )
I~ F (r )dr !fl~~l&Jlit m~ F (r) 1lJJll >:?- 1I2 it)
r..
F(rl =
121
17PJ.<Prl [f~.. H
J.CPc')F(r')dr' ]dP
(3. 3. 62)
tE l: >!: 'f .Jil /7 F(r li-\:'li\' F (r), J!1Jjlj.
F<r'l
fll J:>J:iiJiJ f l!I'~ t
3. 3. 3
f~ PJ.<Prl[f. r'J.<Pr'JF(r')dr']dP
p~v
"="
(3. 3. 63)
J!(~};!!'~X't, ~11 (Ji;~ )lfankel ;!!'~,
j[;!)'~,p(,9,t)
Jii.;!)'~,p(r,tl
...
f~ rJ,(pr)p(r.t)dr
(3. 3. 64)
(3, 3. 65)
19JJ{lrJp(.B,t)dP
2JS i!il ! iCiJ in!
ti' i!f Ji'. J lt'i'. tr. 'I' li'J 1*iJE11! 1;1Ill!#iJIi.ltJ1'\'f'J!(5l"il:~M 1'! Ji'f, iiJ !ll :lt llll'!t:ltl! i<f!lf IE
h5l.~lJIKR4!:lttrWm~o3i;ll'J00%~~~*1
'I\' 2 'Ii! i!f 'I\'. a<;;r<;;b a<;;r< = j!ljl<i' lli~li'Jii!( ;IJ,
a<;;r<;;b Li! l;t911 ii!ti:IJ ~I!\! -lit!'%. ii{ j!ljlillJ>J ;!} jfj .C:!l'! :i\'IJ::i!J. l'll!ld'f. J!tl )it !1' r"l l!li iiJ
1' lft
~
?. - l f!E
ar + lrat--xa-
ap
Jr
+ H1P =
?j/: + H,p =
b,t > 0
(3. 3. 66)
r = a,t
>
(3. 3. 67)
r = b,t
>O
(3. 3. 68)
a< r
O,
01
<
a~r~b
p(r,t=O)=Jt'(r),
(3.3.69)
:ll' l~Eil::lt li'Jlli*~ Ji'! 3. 2. 1 'ii''!' J!Jflt, at i\iJ 'l( :ltli'J Iii!& flJ !\/ T Ct l =exp C X/l!.t J , m"i'. l\iJ :lt:lt
iii 'l'i'.R ff R<r J. fll '>": (3. 3. 7J- (3. s. 1o) iiJ~, MJ:!l4'11l !li-iil'Jf, r= ,= o, = p. Ill ~J <:! liJ'il'.lll
fl'J li!i!& R, CP. ,r) ;fiHXF~iJEil! fi;J Ill! ~J f!if
d'R,
+ _J_dR,
+P'R
(3. 3. 70)
0
dr1
rdr
.. ~-,
=
dR,
- cl;:-+ H 1 R~
dR,
(I;:-+ H 2RQ
lffl JE;IJ
<>:
(3. 3. 71)
r=b
(3. 3. 72)
a<r r
a~rl: O. 3. 73l
~Ji'f\4
---------..
"'----~--..
----~.
122
P ( r,t ) = ~
R,(fi.,r)
-<~f' 'R (a ')F( r ')d'r
N({i.,) e " ~' 0 /<'m1r
(3. 3. 75)
,IJ;'f>tifliEil!i'lir R,(fi.,x)1'U/!J& 1/N<fi.Ji!Jci!! 3. 3 ll'l 1 ff)jl( ,_o !li'lli .1

R 0 ({J.,.,r) = AoJo(/J.,r) - BoNo(fl,.r)
(3. 3. 76)
1
rr<
p~c~
l~(J:5 = 2 C~ - B~F1
(3. 3. 77)
(3. 3. 78)
+ H2No(/1,,,b),
Bo= {3,,,J'o(f3"'b) + H2Jo(/J,,.b),
Ao= /9.. N'o(/J.,h)
Co= /3,,.J' oC/3,.,(1) - H1Ja(fJ..,a)

Do= {J.,N' a(/3,.a) - H,No(/3.,.a),
~-M+m.
c1.1.1a>
~-ffl+m
a<;;,<oo ll! l!il!'iJ~iilJ tE :lC~;;\:J!!!Jii! 9'f1lilt! ffi:iJ 7} '11:'1; F (r),

:lrl'i:it!JI'- ~it' ;I; li!ll'l l"l l'!!'l''.!;1 $;
~ - --~-- ?.P.
ari + l.rJr-XJt'
- ifp
- ~ + H1P =
a< r
< =,t >
t> 0 fl1 ,_a Jli::'l\Jlil=-#!
(3. 3. 80)
r =a
Q,
p(r,t '= 0) = F(r),
a< r
(3. 3, 81)
<=
(3. 3. 82)
n7t R< ;1c i:i: 1;1; , PJib! ;i;: 5t '1ii1'J EE :iJ i1'J J\l 'Em: 1'
p(r,t) =
F(r) -
f~,.,c(jl)e-tfR 0 (j3,r)d(i
f",_,
f
(3. 3. 84)
c(fi)R,(fi,r)dfi
OfiJ Ill 1o/liE il!i tt R, <fi, 'la~ JE3'i:tt1'0 l\l:'!;I' N <fil i1'J !i[)l'A; <3.
c(/3) = N
(3. 3, 83)
~/3) ~wr
3. 59 l , 1l]' !if lli .l\ '!:I'
R0 ( fJ ,r' )F (r' )dr'
(3. 3. 85)
Jtt>\; f~A (3. 3. 83 Ji4 EE:iJ i1'J %3':!1'1
p(r ,t) f:~" N~fJ) e- xfl, R

=
0(
fJ, r)
[f7~~r' R (/3, r
)F'
(r )dr1 ]d/1
1
(3. 3. 86)
;I; 'l>f!'liEii!i'lir R, <P, r) flJ l\l:tt N <Pl rJJ ci!! 3. 5 'I> ll! 1 1911: lli
R,(fi,r) - [fiN,(fia)
+ H,N,(fia)]J,({Jr)
- [fiJ,(fia)
+ HJ
(fia)'N 0 (fir)
(3. 3. 81)
N<fi) - [(3J,(fia)
+ H,J,(fia)]' + [PN,(fia) + H,N,(fia)]'
(3. 3. 88)
O<;;r.;:b, o<;;,<= lll:Jli\itJ D1 ijlJ 'T Ill ''E#!il'lfl'J;t;'!l;;j(lli Bi ]Jj} '1f, ltif X1'f 'f'i"J iri Jll Jl'~{4, R Ji\t3J<1'l'iiEru 'Ii:. l\l:tt1'0 fi'iiE !ill>f'Jl:i'il i>l'l'< 9':f i"J iJ'JfJ ff:ltif El.
,11;1':~~
123
3. 3. 4
j<i~f;ji~C!J=~i#in!
Xi f =!lifit: iliJ. Jt /11!'.l!'JI!: il'J!li JI! .1'\-1-'.!l:ll: ii1!i 'li'.i1'J1:i!!U!l Jl!i;js:lfl;f;J Ill (3. 3. 12) - ( 3. 3. 14)
i1'J Jr>"' ;ii;'* m: ii!i 'II'. '* m:11v111 m; 'II'.~ or fll 'ii! 3. 1 - 3. s li: Ill "E: m;!ll ~ "-' Fo l'l'~ Jm ap ill=!!!
( )'J Ji!$!!!) 1'1 l'i!ifl'J jtfi':lfl. ;js:1J' l\"Wf J'E'.!l:ll:;!J (r .z .t) il!1(r.8,t)1"i1'!'1il'J!i e<JJ\'ll( f5l l'l!.
)\)'* r 1:i l"1 ;!J>FJ!i !Kilt a<;;r<;;:b ,, l"1 :tJ:lf fllil !Kilt O<;;z<;;, ffl =!t!i
!II:~ (r, z, t) 91JillillJ
W:illl ,f!J lil l.li.fJ Jt-;ffi :ti F(r ,z) R jfift II'!lf & FillJ'f ~Jl!'?f< .till)';:ti Jll:C:!il:illl'>li'd'f. *iE
!fl rai l'i!i 1SJ Ill :illrf ,
rlp+~(}E+'!..f.=.l?J!.
1
2
a<r<b,O<z<c,t>O
(3.3.89)
p(r=a)=O,p(r=b)=O,
t>O
(3. 3. 90)
ilpl
az ,-o ~o.["P+HP]
az
t>O
(3. 3. 91)
a<r<b,O<.t<c
(3.3.92)
ar
m-
az
at '
.~,
~o.
p(r,t=O)=F(r,2),
?t Jl!'.ll::lll:il'J!li Jl!ill'llJ:illl'>\ ca. 3. 13) - (3. 3. 151 i1'J1i!!! .;It 9' ,,~ o'' ~ P' + r' ;ii; lflJT~rJ:;\1 R,
(/).., ,r) ,Z (r~, z):fJ:l e-x<I! +c;),, f.Jf !;;.\ :j:(:,7t ~-~ley ,$;
--
p(r,2,t) = ~ 2:c..,.Rn(P'.. ,r)Z(Y ,z)e-i'p;_+,;),
(3. 3. 93)
.. -1 .-1
1'J!llf!Jlil!fd'f(3. 3. 92lf~
(3. 3. 90
J:rR 0 (/3.. ,r )dr,
(3. 3. 95)
fF }lj 1'1--tt. #1'1 !!l ;ii; jJl"f. 'Tii! Ill* Jj!j:

c.... =
N(fi.. JN(Y")f._.f:_ rR"(,8,.,r)Z(r,,z)F(r,z)drdz
(3. 3. 96)
!-.t'i'\ ft A (3. 3. 93) Nil ill &;t; ii!i'l'!:fl'J%'i':lfl

P( r,z,t )
~ ~ R0 ({3,,.,r)Z(Y.,z) -xcll!,+7!>i
N((3.. )N(Y,) e
~::::
f',,_J'
r' RoCP r'JZ(Y,,ilF(r' .i)dz'dr'
(3. 3. 97)
.:-~
'<\ 9' , ~liEii!i 'Ii'. R, <P., r), !ll;'ll'. N (fi);fll~liElli I'. ill 'ii! 3. 3 JI! 9 j'J"' ,~ o lit Ill , NP
R, <p., r) - N, <P.b )J, <P.r l -J, <P.b )N (fi.r)
(3. 3. 98)
1
tr2
j3~J~(/3,..a)
N({3,..)- 2 J~(f/,,.a)-J~(/3.,.b)
(3. 3. 99)
J,CP.a1N.<P.bl J,(fi.b)N,<P.a>-o
'*iil'ii!i 'Ii'. z cr.,x) 011:'11'. N (Y,) ili1 ~liEill r. flJ ;I; 3. I lll 4 tilt tU >/if ;I;"'
(3. 3.1001
x 0x 0L ili1 P. j}~ill!!<:
~Z,z,cfl'.IY.,!!P
________________
....
124
r;+11 2
(3.3.101)
zc(~ +Hi)+ H
NCr.) =
(3. 3. 102)
lll Cr, e, t l 9'l iJl!f;IJ TE lil!'J'E'!l'lit :1J (,, 8, t) !'JiiliJJJ at, llt'.ll' lit ojjjjlf fl"l'lf f'itl!O! , D iiP
llJ!!1' l!ll II IP 0<0<2' il:x\ITT !Ir ili e8'J i"!IJl'.!fti'i'. R lif !it ili !LIJ Ji!Jlil Jill;/'] 2. !'I Jlil Jill ill 'iii'.
2J Iii' & lllll} llfil II IP o<0<0,<2' il: !if !it ili o~ 0 fll o~o, jJ: A'JJ!IJ\'.Jk"f J:l:Hl.R IJlli'. ll! 1 f'itll
6!, ~ J!. IIJ!it a<rO
a<r<b,o~e,:;;;;,2tt
. r(r,8,t=O) =F(r,6),
3 31
(,
, 03 l
(3.3.104)
(3.3.10.5)
X'.i'ril: f'i!il'ifi . l} JI!; '!l' :It A'J !~ !1< ;1; l} JI!; fl'J :If Ill 1'11111 f>Z A'J ill <i' Jiii' Ill A (3. 3. 12 J, ( 3. 3. 13 l fll
( 3. 3. 15 ) !it ili ' ;1; l\: 3.t flll ll]' "'I Ji!:
(3. 3. 106)
;fijfflJkj'i'c3. 3. JOSJ"fil
I; I; (A,sin>IJ + B.,cos'8)R,(#" ,r)
F(r,0) ~
(3. 3. 107J
(3.3.108)
/1 (0)
f,,sin v&d0
3
2.:: (A,sinll61 + B,cos!lfJ)
f"
= 1t',
I,,
(3. 3. 109)
co.'> 2 v8d6' = :rr
sin~i.#de
= o,
A,=~
1
"
f''.f
f''
~ cos~.,Odo
(0)sin).18d0,
li
(11 = 0)
(3. 3.110)
= 0,1,2,3,
~f'. !,<0)co.;"8<10,
B.= lf''f1(8)d8,
*'AC3. 3. !lllf-\:AC3. 3.109){1!
21r
'1'
>-J,2,3, ...
V=O
(3.3.111)
125
0
2ir
(3. 3. 112)
5':<3. 3. 11211')(3. 3.
!09lo!ll~t~JfilT'1J5':(3.
A,sinllB + B,cosv&
3. !DSJ:t'ili>!llli'
= -I
({! )cos11(8 - (! )dO'
(3.3.113)
f, (0) N ((3. l ~ f <OJJ!) Ji!dlil Jill J; 2a ill li!i 'Ill:, WJ ff
[,4.,,sinJJO + B.,,,cosv~]N(/i.,) -
Q,1,2,3,"
II=
_tj\j!(f iftjj! ~" N ((3. J'if ttl!:!lJ
f" f
1-f'' f~
n:
frl
ll'~o "''""
f"
f(ff)cos11(0 - ff)dff
lf=
0
r 1 R.,.(/3.,,r 1 )cosv(B- f!)F(r 1 ,(J)dr 1d(!
(3. 3.114)
1%>\:C3. 3. 1!4l1tA<3. 3. 1061 .~Fa14ffiflil!'l!1
_ _1_f,f,R.C(3.,,)
-,,;.
'1f LJ LJ N(~ ) e
P< r, e,t )-
.. -1 ~o
. Jll'-oJ,.,_.
~ r"
..
r'R,({3.,,r 1 )cos1'(8-f!)F(r',ff)dr'dlf'
j\ 9' !lliiEli!i'lll: R. CP. ,'l , i\1:'1!1 N ((3. l !<.( ll. !e1iE fl[ (3.
(3. 3. 115)
Eil ii! 'lll:ill ii! 51.Ji<tn ltrl'f ~i'f ill !I! 'l2lli ii!,
Eil ill l'Hki'f <3. 3. 104 Jll. a<;;,,;;b, !\'1!<!11' 3. 3 Ji; g ff, "Ti'
R/(3. ,, ) ~N. ((3.b )J, ((3.,) -J, ((3.b) N, cp.,)
fi!Ji ((3.a)
rr'
N<P.1-2 J:<P.aJ-J!<f3.J,I
(3. 3. 116)
(3.3.117)
ilil *'11iE fl[ (3. Jl!: ~Ff .li1!1! ill iE1ll

J.<(3.a)N.<P.bl-J,((3.b)N,((3.al~O
(3. 3. 118)
;<i'f i!fl 2 ~ti!'JBP~ o~lfe;;;0,<2a ill ml:fr llll>ll' B:Ji<ill l!L illJ , ilf !II ii'. o~ o tn e~ o, !It il'i Ji>!
ill ltrl'f ~ i'f, alltil! 11!;$}II! li!i 'Ill: 13(0) Flfl/ll JE ill llllt?t:tf@ <3. 3. Io Jtn ltrl'f ~i'f ill Ill: I' 1iE ii'! f6J
Ii!. 'if 1.:;t;!llftE li!i'lll:, !111iEilitn i\l:'lll:>!:llllur w!II' 3. 1 ll! IH ,:;t;$'1'ul'illit'1'l'l''ff;\J; T , i'l ~ax-1 ,
i$1:11Hll B:>.< <a ,b J .;1;;;, FolliJltli!
- f, f, R,(p.,,)13(>.8) _,;,
(
)
Pr, 0.t .... L..J
.. ~1
..J
"~o
N(ti )N(11) e
..
'"'"'
f'.'_J:./ R.<P. ,r' )13("8' JFCr ,O' JJdO' dr
(3. 3. 119)
;It 9' , F (' , OJ Ji! f1J !ti! ffi fl Jl- l\i ,
1111111: T '!!' 111 J; <.- " ,t l 'Ill c, ,o, t l i"i !Ji iil'. liil l<l J!l , ~ '!!' 1111:1 <' ,o.z .t J ill l!L ;;iJ f6J Ii!1B ilti!l! YJ ill!
11117'
!lll.il!l'1 l(I 3. 2. 4 11'9' P.Jf f"litli'J l:i!I *"'~ 9'!111.lRlll ill11lf* lil<lll! l'E l!lllt~l'.t'F ,;\"' l8J !'f jj\i
JI! , l);~_t, Eil I/ls': (3. 3. 97) .'!Jl: (3. 3. 119) 'l'Jtt' /:lj , ;J'f;J Mili!i 'jj( F(,, z) ~ F, (r l F, (z l >J. F(,,
8) ~ F, <r JF, C8) .JIH"'a !!II:: i1! ill Ill lit Jl!, j!!j !>1' ~jfl Ml Ii! :fr~~ Ill /:lj l!1 Iii o!ll !Ill. ill!i'i!IL
----Ml--------------""'''''
~e$)5};i]"
3.4.l
9. I 7l ffi C!. 9. 29) !fr Ill.. .1ll! l'E '!ii l:IH!ll l' ,
J!I; ;J2 !:ii !19' !'J ~lilt Ill :)t 111i El tll 5" <!.
1-1-(s1n i!P.)if+1.'!.e+-1-:f.e+Jrr 3r
rtsin 2ip afP
risinip (kp
9' (}tp
1
ilP.
(3 4 !)
X at
'
;II; 9' 0 Jll:Jl'j rlJ Iii ;Jl:jf rliJ f!l , l'E xy -'f i!Y .tki\ x l!il:lti. ~Jll:ilii 1~ if! ;JI: i!l11'.1l fll .:I!: z 1!11 !; Jl)lfil Iii 9'
r 111!fl'J ;IC Ill '-1 T i .t:'i'l:cl:'I Jllt>l!ilil 4\.(!'J ll'lf: .'JI ;!Ji fl'! Cl 'l\':lt -oo'P 'fJll:111'i' ( 3. 4. l)j\'
jg
:t.e
+
arZ
ilP. + r~(l -I
r Jr
il'p
2 ) afJ'
+ _!_
.'!.[c1 r 2 d
'J "PJ~ _!_ ap
i'l' ~ l'iJ .t 'i'l:li'l!! !!'! 2 'ii! !'I .f: '111Jll: 2/ r, J! 'I'Ji!: lll fl] !'If ll!\ :!le !'I 313 3't
C3 4 2l
X '1t
*SIl1! kif ff! 11J 51':It
'
'
(3. 4. 3)
~ljjfjlj\(3.
4.
a2W
2)'.!l'::<J
art +
r1a\V
a; -
lW
+ rt(l
i1W
i) (;1Ji
+ ,.11
J[
d (1 -
/ff)
JW]
a """
xJdW
a
(3. 4, 4)
Jl!l l'E 't1f1i (3. 4. 4)J1!jj' '.l\'.Jl?t~. iil?t ~ Jf35'Cjg

W(r,0,,t) = T(t)R(r){i)((})M()
(3. 4. 5)
JW1rli! cs. 4. 4H} ~Jftl!,( F !l.l 1itll'H}1r1ll\
d'R2
dr
d~~tl
+ XWTCt)
di~~O)
+ mi8(0) =
- 0
(3. 4. 6)
(3. 4. 7)
+ _!_rdr
dR + [P'-- I+!)' !]R- 0
2 r
(3. 4. 8)
d[(I - ,) -dMJ
+ [n(n + 1) d
-mt- M -
1-,t
(3. 4. 9)
;II; 9' , P,m ffi n Jll:111:J!Ll&!:JLB'I. 1f1'1 (3. 4. 6) ffi ( 3. 4. 7) B i~ll!\1.1\o 111ll\ (3. 4. 8 )Ji!: (nc-1 /2) flit
!'.I JJ! 11! IF1f1i, ;11; 1111;1!; J,, ,,, CPr l ffi N . ,,. <Prl 1,1; 1)111! iJ; ii1i '1119'.I flit ' :f ::<J'lt'lltlll;'!l1at, N, <Ar l
ilT !!l J ., (Jr H"t 'II'. 111"! ( 3. 4. 9) ~ j\/ ii 'ill JllJiJ; lill<Legender' s ass,~iated) lll?t jf ji, 1': 8') 1111
p: () fll Q: () Jt~tl ~jg n flit rn 17'!!'-#;ffi Jf! =#iii 'ill ll!JiJ; ;'JI! iili '!11, l'lf Ll 111'1 ( 3. 4. 6) -
(3. 4. 9)B'Jil!i>l"1111!S#l.111ll''
7'(t):
r1:1(0)'
R(c),
M(J,
3. 4. 2
e -xtl
sinrn8 1 cosrnfJ
J "+ u~ (Ar) , N.+ 11" (Ar) ~ J --112 (Ar)
(3. 4.10)
P,() ,Q:()
fl.I i'..t 111.i ll '!D i!J il Blii I:
l::it'ltJl?l-Jll!B'J!lillL 11!l!c3. 4. 6l - c3. 4. B>.&;II; il!i>i"MJ:tJ :!!: ~ {8 l'lf f,\l!!; B'J , R 1i111i
127
c3. 4. 9 l Ji lt111:'1< fi P: < l ,Q:' ( J iltrilif It ltl\:;i:J: , l!i! tE t'li llPlif1/' !iL
1't:It;, Ji'l'f "1Ji'lli);f11Jl'i. RP !Efl p 'ff J\ll loJ I!! o;JC'X;, Jt Jiii i'J1i Jf!:tnlll<3. 4. 7l :;i; iJJ l!i! ,llii:lr
1"il ( 3' 4 9) 'it J; 'll-JJli fl'J 1!11 it i'!l :Ir 1"il
a~[ Cl
i)
~~]+ n(n +
l)M = O
(3. 4. 11)
Jit:J!:Jl!iil! 3, 1. 21\'9' Surrm-Liouville ]f1"il(3. !. 12 )Ji'l'f p() = 1- ' ,q()= 1,w() = 1,A=
n ( n+ 1 ) fl'J -f'!!tll!*ti!f % , Jt /Iii 1it lj( n (n + 1) Jl!it!l1'iE@' (n 'f IU Jl!ij !Iii lj(Jll<Jt lj() , f:5I ::\1 ~ Ji! z $
'ff llJt j;j:B; "'1 fl'J ~ Jli , RP l'l?J!' 'it 111!1! ::\1 o-, Jili ; fl'J ?!!''it j\l; l!il ::\1 + 1- - l. 111\'l (3. 4. l D fl'] i1
P, ()fll Q. ()?}~IJji); J; n !Ji'il!-#1"1! 1f!=#!:\11JitllJ iilin, il! tf = 1 ; Q,(l if'll'f :JC'!)', fi)f
IU ll< llF Q. \ l 1it ff ll< llF ll!: J'i.
1l' n J; iEl!!n, ITTLJ:\l!Jit llJ iilin~ ::\1 lil!Jit i'!lil''il!:i!:, 'B flJJl!i
Po()=l.
Pi()=z<32 -l).
P1()=.
Cn+ l)P.+ 1 (),...... (2n+ l)P.() +nP._ 1 () = 0
1l' n ::\J"l!!n.mLJ:/i
_ I-
P~()-F
n,n+l1l1
L=.EJ
-_ ""
2
(3, 4. 12)
+v
re.
+k
ft(-1) (kJ)~r(n-k+l)
IL=.l!J.
2
(3, 4. 13)
;(Ell[ lllJ-1 <;;.;;+I
ii! >cft'J '1Jit l!Ji!'TJl!>\Jl.:/j' iE~tf
I'
P,()P,.()d -
n-:;&.n1
fND,
-1
(3. 4. 14)
n = n'
(n),
(3. 4. 15)
(3, L 12nff p() = 1- ' ,q() =
-m' /(I -
'), W() -1.A=nCn+ 1)fi<Jtf!lfiti!f%, ;(EJ3:Jil(
-1 <;:;,,,,;;1 ,Q:'(J :;i; iJJ l!i!. m lll.iEl!!ti:, mH~Hlll!lliJ:ll! iilitt P: (J 'T J!l l!llit lllill ti:l'.151\J!~T,
f":(11) = ( - 1)"'(1
# Jl. lE Ill 1'1 -
g),.12
d"'~;~)
(3, 4. 16)
1<;:;,,,,;;+1 , Ji>1!ll!llit \'!! ill'tt P:' (J Jl.1! l!A TlE~!'t

O,
J'_,P:()P';.()d =
2
2n
(n
1 (n
+ m)!
m)
"' n'
(:l.
n = n'
4. 17)
J '
5' 9', n .n' , m !l!il!i 0 ll'J iEl!!ti:, l m<;:;n,

P:' <) ri<J-llltl'<!Jt:i!:'f J!l :a: cs. " 131 Yr!E.i<ri<J mn F 1'!51\!nlT,
f":()- I'(l 1
m)(~+~)"'12F(-n,n+1.1-m,1
),
<11-l<Z)
(3.4.18)
ltj<fil !'ii ~ 9' ltli>: tltJ; .IV\>; fi<J iii' i\IJ tiY% il'll l!! J!I ~Jlil!J itII! iili ft . T Jllf /l!l 'f iJf '!itltJ>J lllP'I< i'J
~--.....-------------""'"''
128
3 . 4. 3
ll 1' J.lli ~ I& Ila: il'9 J.lli xt ~ mi l\b
IJ.Ct xf ;jl "i'. Iii' ,ij( 9' 11'17t Iii 'l1' lit ii' T ~!l{Jl' tli ff Ill !IL ;!J 'I' 9' . Ill lit1' ilii f; lti?: 11'1 liiJ llI }jii 1*
xffl:viJ;IJ!ll$ , ur >i 'lt'li!: ;;i c, ,, '8 <tMl!<iJJ: i!IJ. *'J' 1\'lilf J'C IKJ
o<;;c<;;b fl!JJ>' ~ riiJ 1!"2111l Jj! il'J !'1 'Jl;ll!'lt'J!l!lif ft Ill: Ji! 3. 2. 2 1'9' j>J'ii:i:l:!'Jlf Ri! [KliJl~!jl lilt i!IJ.
'1'<f115til' Jt<t+rtli. ttii': ~ar ~ JIHiiJ Ill,
+ l_
. l_ ~(1p)
ari
( ) _ l_ ap
(3. 4, 19)
Aqr -Xdt.'
~+lip=
f',
;Jr
r=b,t>O
p(r,t = 0) = F(r),
r:::;;;;b
(3, 4, 20)
(3.4.21J
1'1Tre:nlfilc3. 4. 191111 1 J1Jl" ll!;lil ill J!(! Jff i'I::, 1if W!mr 13J 'Jl;l:'Jl;J!k, IP 9
J'1l(r 1t) ""'rp(r,t)
J1W
+ ~ q(r)
~ 3:,
(3, 4. 22)
O<r<h,t>O
(3. 4, 23)
r=O.t>O
(3. 4, 24)
r=b,t>O
(3. 4, 25)
I W<r,t) = O,
'
t.\l(r,t=O)=rF(r),
r~b
utt~mliill!!iif !ll~~""-W.*'l'lilf~i:l:!'l~~*ff*m.
riliiltli:J'f !l: raim . iJt'l'tr:!\J b !'lli<lff !Kl!I"' 1!Jiil Bin 5t"1"' F c, 1, ~ b

l'?Jkf'f ':ltll\''1!.jj!l!Y ~J
l_ ii'(rt! _ J. ap
0
r
~X3t'
dr 2
Jp+Hp=O,
1:Cr.t
r = b,t
>0
= O) = F(r),
!ll~~>l:<3. 4. 22)x11*ltt'l'1ltllY*ff'Jl;~
ifW
x1 7it'
WCr,t) = 0 1
'.;"+(H
!'I:"' Ji!~ !!ff;Ji

(3. 4. 2'1 I
(3. 4. 28)
(3. 4. 29)
.mm;
JW
::Jr1 =
(3.4.26)
~)w~o
l-Jl(r,t=O)=rF(r),
b,t > 0
(3. 4. 29)
r=O,t>O
(3. 4. 30)
>0
(3. 4. 3])
0 <: r
<
r L-~
b,t
O~r~b
(3.4.32)
il 1' Iii] Ii!! .'j'j!l 3. 2. 2 1' pJi'JiiHUtJ'li!li!if!l lilJ ':Ifii 1': (fj !!HiEiliil!lt' *1/!iEil!f!l IB !Ii' 1if EE* 3. I Ji' 5
ff l!f ili ;:jt ili w(t ,f) 111 Fu j!j'.
(3. 4. 22 )*'J!klll:!lih p(c,t) 'JllFoilf
liJ"
(3. 4, 33)
129
H, -H - lib
(3. 4. 34)
(3. 4, 35)
1-i!:>f<i!J.fl. 'l'f r-b kt1(fi!J):Ji!J'i-, ~p (dpldr) ,- O, mtli\ (3. 4. 31J 'f> H- O, it 5)-f<)!;
li'i ll'J i\'1iE11HiiJ 1!i R<P. l - r fll.Jl!: 1'!1'1, x;J'@: T' P. - o. x& 7lkf'1'111lB , !E)J pCr, t 1ll'Jf!il''fl:J!:Z
$:!J-JW
(3.4.36)
3. 4. 4 !B 111Hllt ~ I&
mllSJ ll.IC~~ ~ iA! ~
lllllilfl'!:IR.111 a;;;r;;;b (1-)iJIL;tJ, ii!: r-a f!l r-b ktjgJl!.=c"il'Jt/.JV.!llf'f,mtl1'1fl1':1'11!iBJ
"ff JIZ
+ l_q(r)
).
l_ t:f(rp)
r
iJr2
l_ ap
X i1t '
ap
a< r
< b,t > 0
:=:::::
1;::.:~~./,.
lp(r,t=O)=F(r),
(3. 4. 37)
(3. 4. 38)
(3. 4, 39)
a1i{,r-r;;;,b
(3. 4. 40)
a<r<h,t>O
(3. 4. 41)
Ill ~N!'fl: (3. 4. 22) X;J' ti\Jllfi;lf'N!!i'i , 11> )!;!Jl['iij ill!,

i>1W
1 a\V
a,-i +;:q<r)=y31
aw
- 7fr
I) W
+ (H +Ci,
1
=a1.1 ,
~+(Hii)W-bf3 ,
r = a.,t
(3.
4. 42)
r-b,t>O
(3.4.43)
<_ b
(3. 4. 44)
a~
H-'(r,t = 0) = rF(r)
>
i!ll' (j<Jl'iij lll!BJ Ill lil 3. 2 l'i Pliilf l'!:ll'JnlliJ!fi)j<!JI, l!f If; W Cr.t) (.'..( Fo RP !lJ p Cr.t) - W Cr.t l Ir,
T11if !il~ 1f !!( raJ /!j!i. Ill tr :.\i5!'tlliiit II; !E)J 5t 1f;. iit1lltiilJ IR.111 a;;;r<;;b, t1J#; ffi}J jg F Ir)
iE r-a *~ r-b kt jgJl!'='"il'1f!XJi!!'l-!ilf'f. l[ 1' 'iij l!i!l!: nllil (3. 4. 37) - (3. 4. 40)" (3. 4. 41)
-(3. 4. 44)9' q-O ,f, - O f!l J;- O ll'Ji\'1*111%, X1fl[f'i'i\'1*tif il>.1~'1H'l lllll! 3. 2. 2 1''1'
Jilii!fi1l'J :trlli >!<lll .Jtll!JE~t r c!!if\:jjjl!l!ll'J x RP BJ. ~
(3. 4, 45)
~e-zf.. RJ>,~~p;)fo
p(r,t) ""_l_
r M)
"'
~-
r' F(r 1 )R(j3.,,r')dr1
(3. 4. 46)
;1>9', i\'1iEiii 'I!: RIP. ,rl, iilliE fl! p. fill!'!!: N CPl ai ;I; 3. I 'ltlil 1 fil!f ii>, llil jg;/; 3. 1 ll'J lK.111
1; o<x<L, Jilik'.l'll!f\:*liii'F .~
,,
______________ ___
,
130
(3. 4. 47)
x=r-a
'F!i!~iiEil !It
R(fi., r), lil:!ll: N (fi. l fU ~liEJl! (1. fiJiill' JE f!'Jl!i!ili!::lrl'Ht~IJ 1'J

R(jl,,.,r) = {3,,,c0${1.,,(r - a)+ H.sinfJ,.(r
N<fi.J ~ (fi' + HD[Cb , (b-
tan""'
(3. 4. 48)
b)
2
a)+
H,/<(1; +HD]+ H,
)-P.<H.+H,)
a -
(3.4.49)
(3. 4, 50)
/l~-H.H~
'l'ill7J<il2 .JI. "ll r ~a ifll r ~ b J<t!!J ;lg ;f ~J!<J!l J'I-, ttp H, ~ H, ~ o. xt Ti!l'i1'\'!1'11il Jf>, Po
~
oIP.Ji!-1' ~liE fil. "E Elf MJ;\1 f1'J 'iii ;<;

(3. 4. 51)
np 11\'il: (3.
' 46 J '!' J;\ZJJU J:J:l'. -'iii. ~ ~ [iiJ et 1' ;!( <3. 4. 48 l - (3. 4.
so1 'I' JI)( H. ~ 1/a,
Hb= - lib.
3. 5 tR7t~~n;--Aitit~
;$: i'l!tr JL 1':ft !B T JI< j:jl!J/l11li: 1Ali lit:l} ::lriffilil'J ?l- llli '.l\':1:1!1. "E xtT 3'f lX 1"1 lill ~ Ill 4' :t::lr fl! ii!
xtr::frl!l ;fll i!1 l'hl"1'f *11 Ji!<e if r;;: il'J 11il% it 111 ilil*!i! 1':n fl! Mi ;;, Jlt Fllii JL 1'1{f!Ci~ 5t '.it~
111. "t "7:;f;'.IW7ttlijill 'fliJil cif IXjill

jil1 i'll m: il'J 11#1.
3. 5. 1
'"*"'
:n@i, ll!i5jill '" !lii!i ~jj\[ 1\iJ l!!l$l! !I\ T f'i !it, 91: ll!
~ :S.1 'll: '1 xt (!'jJ j!l;j ll!i
~ Ill ~5} 'll: J!i!ll1Jjt !W 1Alillbl-:trl11 il'J '):;!@Ji! ;(E 1' li'll XE il'J fil Iii\~ '!'
iE li'J !IOllJ 13:~ RP il! !It

f1'J XE5<.~11il 1ll T i!J\Jif ili ~ f1'J ll1 Jt :D;jl)i M IP.lilt Ji! '.it jl)i jil1 !ii. '.it ii! ~iii f1'J;;; , J:l'.J!21J( 5t '!\:ii! x<J";(E
!!tr Jl 1' fr l1l Jt llli '.it ft 111 il'J i1 111 '1' B ~ iJ I ti\ 1' li ill fil !if, l\ 'I' , ffi !It XE 5<. ~ ;lg o<x < L jil1
o<x<=111Jf,"f ,Jl;jP,>J-'l)'ll!~'f?l-itl1!11'i!ii;i\:(3. 2.14), (3. 2.15)jil1(3. 2. 39),(3. 2. 40), ;;'
i!ll Jl'fil Iii\ <jl , ffi ill: Ji! )(.#j( ;lg a<r<i'.;b , o,,;;r,,;;b ,a< r<= 1'I! O<r< = 1jlfjf, r ,:)l;jj1 )t '!f: jl)i J& Jt ~lj
;1g 'i'<ii;;!( o. 3. 24, 25 >, (3. 3. 41 , 42) C3. 3. s 6, s 7) fU C3. 3. 64, 65) i:!;@'.itll!:lt &FJi1!r~ iiEil!
'!'!:. m: !ll:fll tl'liEil!li rll jo) 'l'<J!t ti\ it:.~. 'f11! 3. 6 'I'. itl!l il!lJIE!&;igllf iil!. itlll 11! 3. 6 ~1, ->E:ll"5t
iii$< 5t ~ nl!IPJi X'f lii'fJ 1\1' 1iEill (ill II! il'J ~ l!l! ~ ;lg,( il'fil Iii\ !\ fll 3*!11. Iii\ .!'\ '!' :/! "'2 5t ~ :trl!I il'J
1\f liEilM Ill! e lli:it~lifll !ll lic .!\ 'l'f!'J11f liE fil.1\iJ Ill!. ~iiEil r<illll! i'fJ ~l!l!&:fJ! .5J 'lit 3. 1-11! 3. s
lli mll'J 1f l!ljill i'< 'I' J:t!J'i.#d'f il'J ~l!l! i'!l -l!c . R 'll' !" 1frtl< !! J;!; J\<.i'll iii:~ Ill IP, ?l-'.itll! '>l:!O:- > 4'1
it $jj\[ 1IO 11\!:?l-:!r1litlt1' '' 11tllf tti lll 0-5tll! il'J Iii JllAli itJli\ :tr@ 'I' :l>t'i! faJ 'It lit f1'J 2 flit lil' !It 'ili'.it
lll:'ll:l'I! il !ll:JV!, J,!. 1lif ~lt;~!'il'J::lrffl.11! it ;lg ffij) 'i!'.l'l!ffi '!'!: pMll<t 1"1 t )jt lil' f1'J I flit 11ti11i:Jt 1riffil,
111 11t n 5t !Ii 11<1a 'l!P> !It tli mJi!. vi lillH'f f1'1 ffi :tJ '.ll: jl)i il! n "P !li 111 !ii. 'J)'jl)i i~ ffi :tJ 5tw.
"*
131
JI''<
"'""
1!
I!
iiil!ift~XJC
o::;;;xo;;;:L
p(x,t)""
,.
.......... ....
"
..,
p(x,t)
J'...YR.({J,.,r'>p(Y ,r).V'
i; N(fJ > P,
R,,(fJ~,r)p< .,,t)
.. -1
,._~
o"'~h
p(r,t) =
Ii
'
-
'
"
P</3.t)
a~r<=
X({J,.r)~
JO
~~3.2
..,
f;:
N<P..
WeOOr ~~
N,
cp.. , r).
N,I. ll''I!
R.
R,((J,r')p(r' ,t)dr'
PR.<I,>
N({J) pp<r
pc~,t>
f"",_, pJ,({J,rlP<fJ,t)d{J
p. JI; 1!!
3.'
-.....
P<P,t> =
=
~m_
;ffm_ Hankel~~
~ R,,(j1.,,r)- p
> p( ,e)
R,(fJ,.,r),
r'R,((J,.,r'lp(r',t)dr'
""f"'y
p(r,t) =
o,,;;;r<"'<'
Fouri11:t i'E.~~:i:
..
P<fl.,,t) = f,
..,.
p,. :ft: !ii!
3. l
,,,_
p(r,t) =
Ill
N,
iL 1/dl: "ll>
p( .,,t)
s=X({1,x'Jp(x',t)d.t'
= s=
,_, X({J,tl"JJTPf P(fi,t)d{J
a~~h
X(fi,.,x),
ffllli Fourier
f: X<f1,.,:c)p
N(/1.,)
/>(p,t) =
o.;;;;x<=
P<fJ.. ,t)
'
,_,X(/1,.,'1/)p(x' ,t)dx'
tt
-~----
Ii
'
- r
P<P.. ,t) =
;If
"!OJ;!I<
ll'll>i'll "'" ll>l!!Jli;:
R.C/1.x):fll N
7(.Jla Weber~-
~~
3.5
,1)dr'
jCJll Hankel '.l;f!
Ji J!! f.I ili ,jj\ ~;;Ii' 3, 6 JWplj i'>~Jl-:'.l(J!l!~.j" :illb\;'f V; i'J l!iili $( "i' ili A'J off .fi11\'{JE '1j 'l!i'., i1l:'l!i'.
1'U 1'IJ IJE fli EE ;;Ii' 3, 1-;;!! 3, 5 !'J ffl @Ji!;- ;;Ii' 9' JI: ili , fil:lll)3:@~:7)-'l\'~ ~f Jit:ill l!lLil: tf tE A'J tE
jl! s. 2. 2 1!J 9' Ii' !!!!ll! '9! >< J! IJflill li: !'J il!i 'l!t'.lk ;II; 1 Wt"I' 'l!t'. :fE ;II; ii! 51. A'J Ill'. fill f'l iAH!i! ill< Jl- ~ nl!li ,
2:!\Ii'!\'i!I! X~!Ult l'r. miil\: JIH'f :IE 'iii !fl Wf ltiii: A'J ~ lliillll iii: fiiJ Iii 9' -l!l!;lJ lltl 1111iJ! ffil mi , 1\1. llT lil
~il\: ~Jl-ll'J!ll Jll 'f i'> fl: *If A'J ll!:Jl-!rl!i , :f 'I< 1': :lll;<r V; AA 1" l'f V; A'J , Ill i!i AA ~i fl i!i , J1 J!'l\'
~ lil Fo !rl!i 111ii'4& ffl!Mr , i'i' ~~ 1J!.llt lit 'If 1! 51. T Tllif fl'!B 'l!'~ (l'J lil Ji<
s.5.2
~~~w~~~~~~~~
~T~'9!!ll~Jl-5ti!l!~*ffl~~1rl!iA'l-ill!W,m.~<E~*~r~ffll'l~.
'iJ ' p(r,t)
ap
l; Oni
1
+ Tq(r,t)
X ap
at
= 1
(3. 5. !)
+ h p(r,t) --1,(r;,t),
(3. 5, 2)
IB:J!l:Rf'l
(3.5.3)
J , 2, "' ,N ,N :Ill IKJ!I: R il;!!i\;l!IJ'l.c!Jr<#!'J 1''1!1'., d/Jn. !/i!JF
p(r,t=O) =F(r),
;II; 9' ,r= (x.y .z) lit (r, 0 ,z) ~~, i =
--------------____...
... -.-~---
Iii J'I. iJil S. Prllt ~II r'J B'J <l'fL lE $ fiil 11!! B'J JflX lill y}f;,:fr Ji! "l' :!lFw 11! WJm T ~ liE i& lliJ 11!!
IZlllt R i*J
C3. 5. 4)
. V'<PCr) + /l'CrJ = O,
{
t,';t +h,= O,
ill.J'I. s. .t
(3. 5. 5)
""(/l. r)
,;:; cs. s. 2>(./1..l - rn. 5. sHp/1,i ilJlil'<Eill.J'I. s. J: 1i11 Jl Q( T ~*,;:;
.(r)
~~- = f_,,,i;:,) f,Cr,,t)
(3. 5. 6)
(3. 5. 7)
1ll<E Jll Ji!$ r0Jl1!!3'f1Xllll :frf;,")' :!17} lt11!l: !'J~fiE Ni'.11" . lii!lii!i:a<J i!H}lt&
pC/l.,tJ = J/Cfl.,r)p(r,t)dV
~t7.r1'1 (3. 5. 1) m;tj\l!lfr'J!'ll!!' 1 m;'l! fF Jll ll'.
TL
,>.dV' ;j1J Ill
ill*
(3.
jjI)!I!. tcill.l!l l
s. SJ
lJJl'J!'ll!! Fn ')
'Jiff JU,
f,.V'pdV
f,pv'.dv +
tL.(
~ - p ~)ds,
C3 5. 9J
"'lil<JJ*l'liElil!i!I!" . 1;11 Jl/f l'l\ ( 3. 5. 4} , 1:fl
f,pv'.di =-!F..f,P<P.av -- P!P<Jl.,tl

~jl'. (3. 5. 10} fll (3. 5. 7 J:fr~IJftAs\: ( 3.
f <P. V'pdV
=-
c3. 5.1oi
s. 9} , 141f1'!C3. 5. 1);1Ci1J.Jil 1 lJJl'J!'lli! !'J<li Ji<f.I
/J!p(jl.,r)
i'.;f .i'"J f,(r;JdS,
Jl
(3. 5.11)
S,
]jjj/fl!;l (3. 5. I} !il jfi!'l'li"l'&!'J<liJl<f.I

(3. 5. 12)
q(fi .t)
f,.q(r ,t)dV
(3.5.13)
pC/l.,tl - J,.p(r,t)dV
(3. 5. 14)
<II t:l .t41- lJJl ~) ll' ll!! !ii Ji'!. AlFa 1l1 :tf
dp(jl
dt .t)
(3. 5. 1) ll'& Fa El-i 1f 1'1 J.t
'"
+ J-',..XP(l-',,.,t)
M,(r,,t) =
WWW
"
{,I "
(3. 5. 15)
:::,.":"lf!ill.J'l.51<f'f
(3, 5. 16a)
x- " . + XL.i
'"I
Tq(,..,.. ,t)
"'i.') f,(r,,t),
.M.(r;,t) dS 1
s,
Jml1':1'!Jil-#!it!J'l.5f<f'f,/,=O,h,o;"O, "'Jl!l'JJ . llf.Q!/f!iC3. 5. 5)R1f

1 ap.(r,)
-,,-~ h, ""
.p.(r,)
(3. 5. 16b}
133
llil'11lii!!i:i'f (3. " 3l !!Ut'Jl'Jl\fl'J Iii!1!11
P</3.,,t
= 0)
= FC/3,,.)
[Rlf.,,(r)F(r)dV
(3,5.17)
/iii J;( fh ll{ :tr !ll ( 3. s. u - c3. s. 3i !it lli fl'J l1! 1l 1'''1lllii:;;M1R :it'll' mFn Iii: 1' rn lit t11: :it fl !ll
C3. 5. l5l,fll!JJAft~H'fC3. 5.11Jfll!llt~i11'!1liWUlf'iilllli. fh'>'tO. s. 9l-<3. 5. llliiJ'9i\,lli!'JIE!'Jl1!
J!.!!i:i'f t 1R :it'll' milt Ill 'I' i:. Ill: 11& i& J!!A 'll' m!Ei !'! n 1'1 "' r
3. 5. 3
i'i;;ll5JM
i:;; lR ?t'Jl'm vJ IEi !'! fl 1'l (3. s. l s) !Ii 1 'friil<tt lit t11: :it:tr!ll
'll' j)j !* iii' :51'! j\)
~~ + p(t)y =
jj! l!ll lit I\!: Jt n!llJll! Jt '!' !'! lit ti
(3. 5. 18)
q(t)
.v(t) = e-fp(Jd[Jq(t)eJrldtdt
+CJ
(3. 5. 19l
JG"' ,
tE nII! (3. 5. 15 ) 'I' , Ii!! Oil' :It !Ii p, i!Ei!: JI;!!! t ' :II; t' ill j!lj J)lj lj' I!! '.it :It
111 l'oi 'f nIll l 3. s. 18J
'I' !'J q Ct J , /l. !!:~"!;. ilill! i' El'! lit~ C iiJ' fb WAft J!i:i'f <3. 5. 17) IE t!U\7 FCP. 1 )\Ii ITT nl'I
<3. s.1s1twMJJ:i'f<J. s.1nri'Jll!J\7
P<fi.,,,t)
e~xP!,'{F<P.. ) + J:= 0etP!.'[ Iqcp.,,r)
+ x~L.M.<r;,t)dS,]cic)
(3. 5. 20)
l'ii !%" 3. 6mJt 'll'm (3. s. s) El'! &'.It mJ\7

p (r,t)
.P<P. ,r1-c"1-'mit l
(3. 5. 21)
~ N({J.,) P
!ll l:>l:M (3. s. 2ol J!!fi ti :ll: ~ Rl:!Ei iiBin liB ti: J\7
p(r,t)
t, ~/l'.)) e-<f. (f.;c;;.
,r' )F(r' )dV'
+ ~ J:_~exP!.r [Ji;'(;9,,, ,r' )q(r1 , r )dV Jdr

1
+ ;([~oerll!.r ~
.5, 1\-f,
(r',, r )dS,dr}
(3. 5.
2.2)
:II; 'I'.., N cp.J f1I fi. l'/i1'/i!iE Ul l'J 11!! ( 3. s. 4) ,fll ( 3. 5. 5) Ell 'i!< 3. 1-'i!< 3. 5 ii'J f It iil'it 11' ill ,
M, Cr ot) ilii't>l: (3. 5. 16) ffi 1'1i!iEiil~ ;'Cfi r) f1I W!iliiltt f.Crot l!it ill ,
fh ll!,i; <' s. 221 or ITT ti ill ,!En ?t'i!iiilli: p<r" 1ffi 3 llllJtll!Jl!;. il'i!<l!llcti::tem"l''l'1' fl 3
tJ(, lf! 1 tJ( j~'i!< ffi W!il Jlin F(r) X>j' Bin :it 'i!iEi'r J!tikl:, lf! 2 tJ( f\:'i!<lJl[lr: q (r ,t) Ei'rfi'tEJlt Jli:IJ :$)'
;ffi'El'JJ!tikl:, lf! 3 JJllf~'i!<' ffi 'fl1!J!.!J:#,~Jl'Uz tt, RP fh f.Cr, ,t l M!En Jt;ffi'El'r l"-ikl:. X>J''f 'f.lltm: iilJ
:tr 1'! !Ii* it El'! ~ 'I' :f ill l'1! lf! 2 lJll iii' n lli ,fll J1! J!. ~ ff \Ill !!: i> 11z fl'J m~ ~ R ;;r ~ J9!. ll! ,i:
(3, 5. 22) '!'fl'; li! 1 lJll *ri>F l:it!!ili! 3. J, 3 11' '!' X>J' Jl'!X'.Tilf ii' 8J :it /lll'Jt:l:lii1' tJj El'Jli! (3. !. 25),
il ~JJll'J'111i:"l !lit
f,cc(r,r .1JF<r'Jdv
G( r,r ' ,t )
>14fill: i'i'<JiJl: 9' fl<J t
E!;
"""'.PCfi.,r)
~
N(fJ,..) e _,,.."'('
,., ,,,,.,r")
~!lit t-r, ~JiH'l;flJ.iEJil 4
s. 22J t!! OJ Jfll111*ilil&i'<m J1

p(x.t)
ca. s. 23J
JRG(r,r' ,t)F(r')dll
lll:lf4f!!!ili'lA'J jj\;jjc (Green) ilil&,
(3 , 5, 24 )
T'Jl!lll'I~ (3.
rJ:.. J
11
G(r,r' ,t - r)q(r1 ,r)dVdr

(3. 5. 25)
a m
3. s. 4
i'ii t'.i! 1t
Ell ~ c3. s. 22l l'li!!t tti A<J Jl'iJiHill lili A<J filJlt11111 Ell !11.l&Jfi ~!if llJ t: 1'E Ji!; lliJ 111i .c.t l: 'Ii' at o!f:f
-l!l:tlli:!l'i !11.l& 1'E :ltiillil~li1( ,\\\ l: ::f-l!l: tJli: !l'i li'J ll\! :tc EE Gibb, { 19 tit 1C .ii<,/,\. ~!Ji 1ll tfj , Fo JiE fl'
;t }Ji!f l'!iWim!:tc <Gibb', 1899) , {E~ilf.:iJ'I' 1'. ill:!!! liiJ llli.\\\il lit tti ml 1'E ii!J'!. l:, t!! OJ llll tfj ml:/
"lllli ~ill. A<J !JJ j!ft at~J
"1 l'!iWi m!:tc OJ~ ljm r ,i!l'-)t llt:l't; Ii A'J Jili l& f (x l il.t ii< Foutier !11. l& ii< ;It'(;; !11.l& , !11. l&EIJ
llll?l-fll }fl s. "'"' 'jm W,}t~IJ~ llJ f (x ) - x fll s. - x A<J 11 Jfi m!OJ r.( ... flj ':/EJWI.!! fiij llli ,\\\ !11: WI oil'
1e lit !tlli ,ill.1'E lliJ 111iJil. A<J ~J!ll s. - x li'J l'I 111< tti ml J!if '1J !ii:&' l!ll?Hfll "Ji l& n 11k11f. ill! J!Eill!:k ,J!ifillJ
ill!J!Eill!Jlllli iliJ llli ,,\\ i!'!ill: 1'P lli il:lit!i 111<.lf\ Ji!: :f oJ fill Joij f cx >- x i'J 11 JB-l!c ill::t :li!rJiliil!I ;!; l'liWi
mi~.
Ell 'f fi':/Ei'f l'liWil!e.~ fil' ill Ill !!<l&i'<ffi A<J 111111! llf llll .f iii\' Ji'j:JJ. J'!.lki't ii< mMl lld't o!t.!l :tE JlJ
l&\li. lt:IJ!it tl1 Ji!:Fo!li!I! atJ'E l'i<J llli Jil. ~'lli llJ ll\!1M:ki#!:ll'. 1'! T J'l:H~ Ell l!ll'liJ!lfl!e.~il!llltfl<J l:itlll
l!I iii lit Pf m?t~l!llt A<J w, /i!r~t ~ 1' 'it :ir iZ! l'f 1rHt A<J ll15t 1Jl!nr1Til!t 'ii 'Ii' llf liJ i!! ti< xt I!!> & riil
llli Jil. A<J Ji!; t ii<!& 1JI! JlJ 12: A<J "I ffl Jfi >\ 'f r1 '!!'ft ll J'Erllii lf4f 'IfI! A1* A<J liJJ l
3. 5. 5
~51~J!l!l!ml>.l<iJtt;ll
;re lf4! mil\5t 'll' ~111JJt11111ill ill. ili!llt ?tJrl! i'J !If tl7 ll! ia !ll !zU r ,
l)
!!<ll!7rl! EIJ JI!' >\fl! Jili l& li'J JE50!tll;i!tii!d!l li'Jll15t'll'~X>t o llili 'lit lij Elli'< 3. 6 li:llroi'
tfj '
2l JlJ itIi\ Jt 'll'~~Xt/f l!fll JE li!l!f< i'f~ 1J1! JIJ:j'f 'Jl'~ 'll'l91Fo !!\ /f I! 9' )(j" '! liiJ 'Jl' :II; i'J .,'!!:
1JI! 'Jl' l/t'Jl' 191 oo l& p1JI! l'J at ~tlli: T i!IJ'f !1<!4' , f!l iliHtlllt Xf T ilf i"l 'll' :II; 8'J I !iti1!<tt lit Wl:Jt ;!; !IL
a) JJt 11111ill'll mifl !!<it "1 ~tt 11r llt?l-:ntt!it t11 'll'l91m ~ m J> l4f 'll'~ Ii! l& p<P. "l 'll'Jil: lli:t.J 5t :Iii ili l& p <r "l
5) iii' l!iif A'J!l<l&Jfi ~.'If"" JI' l'liJ!lf ll\!~ !zU *'If ll 1'Pml ~OJ xt 'it iE 11111!1<1'1' A<J ll15t 1JI! !!!
5t l!ll IJ15t J;l!jj'illl:>j ii< oil' Ill !11.l& A<J "I ffl Jfi ,i: fl:'!!' 11111'ii;9' I!!> ll. liiJ llli Jil. a<! Jil;1-!!<l&
135
fij Pli 18: ~ Bli-tm 5nl fdJ

Etltit JC 11 mIK Jjji; o~~L (J'J-!li mt ;;iJ 'l Ji< Jllrf -Rll:tt fl') )E f! l'iiJ II ,
3. 6. l
a.xi+
~ li ~ + h1P
l2
i!p h1P =
at:+
_ _iap
x 8t.
O<.x<L,t>O
(3. 6. ])
= .f1(t).
x=O,t>O
(3. 6. 2)
f~(t),
x = L,t
>o
(3. 6. 3)
O~x::;;,;L
(3. 6. 4)
;:q(:r:,t)
p(:c,t = O) = F(x),
3. 5 ,. J!JI"" 'jf! I jj> !!If~ ilt1'9. jt '!111* x~ ' ap :ii.ll mJl!H!l (J'J !R :5t'!11l!M11 fii.'!11 Ill\ iii'!11 !ll\X1 (J'J
li!iffl '!!! l"'ilil'.i: ittl~ 3. 6 J!Jl:llJ (J'J I*! 11'" X1-it A!l1 '\ Jiill:!i. Ji't'f ;;jl: 'iiJ !W!i!li!iffl '11! 3. 6 9'jf! l fi'(J'J !R
;ff!. ll! jf!
:5t'!l11*x1. Ip
(3, 6. 5)
p(x,t)
;c' X(p.,x)-
~ ~
N(p.) p(fi.,t)
(3. 6. 6)
:)t;9',X<fi.,tJ,fi. JfO N(fi.J/!1Jfi.C3. 6. ll*1l!J:!li'-il'1'4'C3. 6. 2)$(3. 6. 3J1f/Xl!ll5}J!Jljfjjl;(J'J
1\1/liEU!l.'"1IJ(J'J1\1/liEii!i !l!t, 1\1/liEU!!Jfll i1i:!l!t. tt !(!~ 3. 6 9' (J'J ~tt. 12: ffl!i! ill '11! 3. I >I' iii , ill: 'f A
1* J!l it<~ '!'(J'J !II ffii Iii 1,,1,, i., Jfll h, :Y'l'cl!(J'Jflt ill iii ii!, ~Plltlll:'f i!liii!ll!J!.~d'I' Ir) ~!!II. .~
Z ~liE ii!i !l!t X <P. x) !! sinfi.x ,c<;sfi.x ii<='\!t(J'J i;l;li!ll1t, Jjf 1'! !l(jt '.J!'!ll\ (3. 6, 5) i;F l\FIH!
Fourier iE,~5t~#!:.
jf! 2 il'!!:it1roe1<a. 6. DJflliEl!illd4'0. 6. 2>-<s. 6. 4)tt5'J:<3. s. s>(J'JJ!i5'1:1l!l!Jllrr!R:5t
'!11 Ill\ ' '!11 I* fl') ilio"!!

dp(fi.,t)
-d-t-
,,+ X'"'~P<fi,.,,t)
=
-p<fi.,t
M;(fa.,t)
X- a
Tq(,.,.,,t)
~OJ~ F<fi.> -
( - 1 ) i - , - IX'("
/"'"" ,X =
1';
a
,,
]
+ X[ Mi(,.,~,t)
+ M i(f-1.,,t)
f',X<fi.,,'>F<x'>dx'
itJ )j()
J t
"'"'""""''~
~Jt.l;'ll'">F( rf'
>f7
(3. 6. 7)
(3. 6. 8)
(3.6.9)
(j~!,2)
1Jj!i! (3. G. 7) /!;X:r~!ll\ iilj !IJt p (;) I !fi'iiJ!li11tll!:)t1Jfi.l'J iJJii!!fi!I R!!, 1!1l'!i! Iii 'lit'.l'J:'!i1 !i!i'/<;l< tU
----..-
~---..,------------
136
D XCfi.,x)
.. "''(f'x,o
')F(. .x'Jd:c '
l'l'(fJ,,,) e
o
p.,,.x
p(x,t)
+ ~J:_ 0 erl..[f:X(/3,..x 1 )q(x 1 ,r)dx' Jdr
+ xf'
'""
et~~[M,(j3,,..-r)
+M
(,B.,,r)]<lr)
(3. 6. 10)
:Y;Pi\_t , ~tol:iiT 83 ff :!10 >t 8'J C3. s. 22 JJl:!lP~ ili :!IT hOl!tHli!f!l.iliLI'. , i!c!l. # Mll:I!! 'IH;f, ~ '!'
ilf IB:J;l;!ili ii1J l'iiJ ll!l IF T Jl,{lf;Jil!Jil', t C3. 6. Io J '!' i'J JI! I J'.ilii1l:Jitlf 1i: ffll?Hl.Jf!l., 1;i A (3. !. 2.s J ii
""~01'1 '
3. 6. 2
jlij' ~ IZ l'l'i iJffi illJ f!1 9~ 5.1 jj! 1.i Jn
-"~T~A(l.6.!0l&Rffttau&~_tiiTili~ttl'Jffi
iii. iiT I:.( 1%5': '!' :i& ' l'J i!lJt J'.iliRfi?J-llll<.q ?J-, .M. ii1i !ii ili 1' Jtf!l.ll' 5': l'J f!l. , A C3. G. lo l Fri JJ.f J'.ili
?l'lllltR!t
l
-.... /3!
I "'"[q(fi.,c) + ,
e
1_11 ('
p,,,r 1
,\
+1\1
. ; ('
l"mT
>]
- [q(fiA,O) + M,<fi.,Ol + M,(il ol]

- J:=o ei~~[-1d/J(/3.,,, r) + dM 1 (/3,,,, r) + dJ\f:.(f'.. , r) J}
(3. $. 11)
f A cs. 6. 11 li'.'.A (3. 6. !OJ, PTflll'.EI $;

N~!
+ p~(x,t)
p(x,t) ,-.-.-.- ~p, 1 (x,t)

1 00 1
V~i
~p,(1'.t'>
"' X<fi.,xl [' q(fi.,I)

A./1;., + ~
A.JCx,t) = ~
(3. 6. 12)
,=O
lV(J',..)
1 "l ,
u, 1 /F,,,J~, ,(fJ.,,t)
Dni
(3. 6. 13)
:r\hfl ,S1,:I: Kronecker~~ i= l. 2 ;j=O .1,2,

) - ~ X(fi.,xl
~. N(fj,,,) e
p~ ( x,t -
-<<.[f'"=~ X<'/".. ,:r')F( :r::')d x '
- i;ca., o<~;,; 01
"l=l
t)
p_, ( x, -
= ~ XC{3.,,x) --x~.r
:=;
1>.i'(/3,,,)
+a.,1M.cfi. o>>]
"'
e .. J,=,e
xf..c
(J ..
:![0:
qc{3,.,r)
dr ~1 ,\f'~
$} ll! ~l I, .tl 3 1'ill! tjlf!!i'>t ST~LJ+!lzilr ~l!l!:ll! SC

I ) Pi (x ,t l JI, r71JllE!l!i5 fi1J l!!!l'Jf!!i',
(3. 6.14)
137
(3. 6. 15)
'l"'XJ q(p.,t)+s

IM(' )JI
Af1!
fl!
t'mt f
- l, a:r ~ NC/1,,.)
li
f""X<P. ol[,p.,t)
, IM<' i]Ir=v11
'/()
'-'oJ
).{3'!,. +"1'/3! I /",,.ot
! t
-thl\.~ ]\,'({:J.,.)
it
a("'
X!: <3.
(3. 5. ]7)
, IM<" lJI
+<Ji,
/3! ~ /-'.,,t
r= , f ~(t l
<Jf;
<3, 6, 18 J
s. 13) ,Ii!;<.. {Jlt11!1t0 rOJ I!!! 'I' , l'lf'l tJiH\; :ti 41::!i! 11 lJi! fl').
P.o
<x .tl
!" nl!l 'I' ~mi'. iC J'.IJi @'i':l!lli!I J'Hliit!'J :ti J'f 1X rOJ I!!! fl'J ilJI! p,. 'Ill p,,N; 1J Wl' ~ iJ'.iC J'.IJi{!!it! Ji'Hfdt
R ff ~-t- :!!< 4F l'f lX fl'J l:k #ti11ffl' fl'J M l:k Jlli llJl!!'J Tlrl!\!R:!t:1t Ill
21 p,<x.t!!" r"1JJ'f1X<P~ilil'11!!!il'JM
<1-Pn
1 ap.
(3. 6. 19)
0 < x < J.,,,t > 0
ax~ =x~'
-it
l2
Jp.
a.x + h1PA =
ap,
ar + h1P
x=l),t
0,
(3. 6. 20)
(3. 6. 21)
O~x~L
(3,6.22)
x .... L,t
O,
..'
ph(x,t=O)=F(x)-L;p,1(x,t=O),
l:kllln@'llli!IJ'il*i'F:l!d>\ f~I!!! (3. 6. !) l!0.2"/lliltil> fri] ll!!fl'Jill!Jlt t - 0 fl')~ JI>.
(3.
>
6. 4) fl'Jl'flX l!ll:!t. {!l. '1llil*i'Hi\lil\'1l !ti!*i'F FCr)
3J p,cx.051VXF~flbl'11!!!:/f~,
.1 a4!1(x,r,t)
#lb1(x,r,t) _
Jx
- l1
l2
iJIJ>
a;:_+
h1fl>; =
O,
a.:+ h2r1>; = o,
0) =
111 !lb fliJ l!!!Jl: c@:;l!l'f K fl') , ;It 9' , r

(x, r .t) l!AFw, p, (x ,, ) ilJ ITT T~i!\,!';;l<tI
(3, 6. 24-)
x=L,t>O
(3. 6. 25)
(3, 6. 26)
I'
,~n
;I!~ JI , ;,; 1' ~!lb fliJ I!!! 1~ 'i'l' Jili 3Jt f!1f ,
1
acli;(:r,r
,t -------------~
r)
(Jr'
(i= 1.2;j = 0,1.2)
_,
>0
= 0,t
p,,,
~ '!' ,j - 0 , I , 2 ,
pi ( x , t) =
(3. 6. 23)
iJIJ>
rfl;(x,t =
< L,t> 0
0 <x
at'
= rd r
>I>,
(3. 6. 27)
<'
___ ___________
,.....
J1 tlJ
(3. 6. 28)
138
ii.ll!!Wi il!t~ Ill , 1!il$til'lli\ -f'll!l iCl!il!!!'. q (x) l!A&!!.!J'hii<l'Hil !/ll( f,<x) .91' llt l\iJ t X.*, mti IP, <x >
llFl!illtf'i\J' x* w'f'i!:<3. 6. z7J<f>l!f!QiJi!/& 4>/.rJxflltf'i\J'lt:lt r "1llil1l''l&Jillli!Q?t,'f!l. p,
(x ,tJ ~ o, Tilii tt xf J! !!'!:It!;' llt1'1 t 1'*(!<) -!lltfi!l!l>llil!<>tlif 'l'l. J!lf 5!: (3. 6. 28) 9' r ~lit r' , t ~
lit t- r, j!j){f r' Jl<1j<!/ll(l!.( Ji1 !!it r' ~r ill' Ill
<4l,(x,r' ,t - r) I ~ ~ X([J,,.,x) -i~~(i-n
dr'
>'=-
L.i
., .. 1
N( a ) e
l"m
(3. 6. 29)
J:~ 0ez(, fr[a. qc~Pi,r) + kM (/].,,r)

1
]dr
(3. 6. 30)
ii. lE Jl.'i!: <3. 6. 15 J(!<)!ii Jll, 1E1 i!ii liE '1Jl T 5!: <3. 6. 27J(!<) lE lill!l'E,
II!Jl!f J:l ?t ffi "1 l!A i!! Ill l!.( T !iiii: ,-1-11 liilolll !!1!'1-!li: # .9 1'1 'f JI' IX (!<) J!: \Ill roI l!!I"1 l!A ?l'Nf
lit 3 -t-;i:;t,ir.i (!<) rJl!!I **~ti*". ~;z= -t-i!'l111talit!l.Jl\1'1 l!!I (!<}Nf. JS-"' -t ;i:r.i '1!.(!<J r~ im
lik'
ll :Ir OF* >p!atJ~. l!ll'f.!li:llf1l -1-o<i<e .lf?X (!<) 111!1(1! roJll!J. Jm'i!: (3. 6. 16)- <3. 6. 18J
?,If ff<;
z J :Ir lll\ flJ !!1J'ilJI<!If3\l :Jtil< JI' IX(!<) .R Jl.1/J JI# !li:ilf Ill ba '!!:it(!<) f'ilJ lli, Jm 5!: <3. 6. 19 J (3. 6. 22)/!11;;<,
Jiliii:Jl<Nf-1-:lrlii!fl! i:!ll'l-!li:llf.l;J 1'13\'IX(!<J 411! l!h l'iiJ llil. Nf l!l 'E:: (!<}Nf IP, <x, r, t) l!AFo , j!j r!!
5!: <3. 6. 27J!if ill J<!i\Jll,(!<J l'ilJlm.
IP. !:ii "JiNf ii..::O 1- lciJ llilil lit 'II' l:t ll:~ ;;J<J:!IJ!: \I\' lciJ l!li'll' Ir il!it$ 1\i' ~ti Jl\M'F l!l{lJI! q flJ Ji! l'lJlt llf f, .91' Df 11il t U(!<Jffl'J!i.411! l!hfiill!ll ::i; IH)lll Jt!lfJl<Nf i!fri!'l 1'-llll
/!Ii,
~1 3. 3 1'1 T i!l'-:$!4'fll lt~llllR%'1t~:1i~"1Nfolll?l-Nf:lrl.!i ,l'.l<'J'1;1JmT. iitil'.Nf r~
3l
l'iil
II!';/;
O<x<L,t>o
x = O,t
~=f1 (t)
>0
(3, 6. 31)
x=L.t>O
p(x,t"-'0)=0,
o~.r~[,
J) il!:JllJR?J-5!'.~1.!i"1ill!E:IJ p(x.t)
2) il!:ltil:: f, (t) =at (!<}1\i'l!<tf % , ;!<; 9' a likllt !/ll(

3) il!:lll ?l'Nf :lfji;;Jj(Nf f, (t) =aL li!f Jl' (!<) !E:iJ p(r .t)
Ill J )j$f JR{ 05!: (3. 6. J 0) , )lil :(E q(x ,t) =O ,F (x) ~ 0, f, (t) ~ 0, l!lf l!.( Ill !Q?J-5(~1.!;Jj(Nf (!<J
!l;Jll,;t,)
139
i] X(,8.,,x)etil!{xf'
e~!l!M:(r)dr/
N(/.,,)
,_o
p(.x,t) =
....
ill.ill J!!ill!!J!J.J'l-#<i'f !f!i!-11\'ll\, Ji''l!! 3. l Ji'! 7 ff ii

X=cosj3,,,x,
J3.,.=(Zm-1)11'/2L1
J1,;;i: (3. 6. 9) '1<111 M, ({I., r) = ('.sin(l.IJ, J Ji!i l!J,

(3, 6. 32)
'f.,..., _
p(x,t)
=at+ ;Xcx~
Lt)+
(2m - l)
2L
tr
x21'ij (- l)"'te.. r~ cost,.x

..
~1
s>if'J Ill?Hl!<lill1:fr lit s 1'1tlf"1 lliilltIii

ill'f q(x ,t l = o, P!f l!J, i= o11\'if>'l' ti! lm. Y- f, = o. ;It!:: (3, 6. 12 >ltlf lt}J
p(x,t) = p, 3 (x,t) + ph(:x,t) - p 2(x,t)
ii! 'Ii: p., ( x' t) J!!i 1'?JJ lll!'lt ii> ioJI! !'J Iii
;Jp,,
=0,
CO<x<L),
ap.z ""'0.
ax
(x=O),
a:r
ii!'li: p,Cx ,t) 'O 11>, (x, t
,t)
rl'lfli
a..C
4>11 (x,r,t)
1 a<Pi
~J'f1" ioJ 1!"1111 :frll!~lll:ll1#l!i''ll< 3. 1
w~---,,,_,
(a)
PA= 0
(b)
(O<x<L,t>O) 1
=0, (x=L),
(3. 6. 34)
P.1 =at
1';)(;, ilil II>, (x r, t )J!!i l':;lJ J'f!Kl'iill!!'J;9Y
=xiii,
(3. 6. 33)
"'"'
i}(b
ax -O,
lfli (x, r,t= 0) = P.:"""at,
(.x=>O);
(O:i:;;;;x~L)
Ji'! 7 fi*lttll
______________,. .__.__, .,.
,~
140
(cl
2~f:(- l)"'-ie-tfl!,cos~,.,T
p(x,t) =at
x .. ~1
/3..
3. 6. 3 *:ICP!i1Zl'1lel!-~m!~
!ll i'El'lie 't' 7""1 Ll<ll!l; o,;;;x< = 1.J-!tllt iilJ. "'r!ll;tm l' -RltttiJ li'llf'rriJl!i,
. if.p_ 1.
- 1. 2
O<x<=,t> 0
ax2
+ ). q(x,t)
JI.'
- lap+
ax hp - f, (t)'
(3. 6. 36)
(3. 6. 37)
x=O,t>O
_ p(x,t = 0) = F(x),
tl:.~ll!
(3. 6. 35)
(3. 6. 38)
3. 6 lll z rr, itilliJ 1111.J ;!r,5J':Jl:ll!M l"1 ~

(3. 6. 39)
p({J,t) - f:_,X({J,x)p(x,t)dx
p(x.t) -
f-
J!:.!fl.x)p((J,t)dfl
/l~O
(3. 6. 40)
N(/3)
Ji; cf ,X ((J ,x) "11 N <fll:I!! jj!llf'lliJ /IJi (3. 6. 36 l - <3. 6. 38) Jf I)( i!ll5t J')fJ!; $;1.J !l/!iE{ifiiJl!iiJ !l/!iE
lilH&tn iYUL !ll! 3. 6 cf 1.J*it. till J'l Bl 'lli 3. 2 1f tli ~ I t1l h ~'.i!'till1lllifl jj!llfiti'lli ~'
rr . .(i.z t;;i;;C:!G~ lFoudn IE. ~l!Cll'll!.

1~1l'llH3.
6. 36)"1! iElll'!Jtl'f (3. 6. .171. <3. 6. 3B>J'li'il: (3. 6. 39 l iJ i!i'i\:Jl'l!J1trrfi\5t3l'lil!,

'I i~*'f:Jl:Jil!ii!i l!i( pCfl .t) iJ tml''llJ{illiJ l!!i'
dpc{!.t)
{!'- fJ
_ x- fJ
X((J,x - o> .
(3. 6. 41)
11 (t)
-~ 1 -+X~(,t)-----.lq(,t)+X
I
{
p(/l,t - Ol - F((J)
9C/3,t)
(3. 6. 42)
F((J) -
f"",_,X(/1,x)q(x,t)dx
f"-
(3. 6. 431
X<(J,x)F(x)d.<
}l'll\C3. s. 4ll:I'! 1Mi1J!tt1itlilt5t1J!ll,!fl1itl&'.ll'lll11'1J0'i\:C3.5. 19li~'!\'Jll,P:tli p((J,11.#

ai flli<i1%<!4' <3. 6. 42 t1J lit!& c, !l!lfill'!i~ c3. ' 40 J8'.IJB 'il:i1trr a:il:&i:r t1J 1i<>115t :mP<x ,t > = f"' !_,/!.!.~.~c-ri11i'F(/3) +-f' eXP1'[X:q(j3,r) t ",(,\f (j3,r)Jdc)d(J
>"'
a- N(~l
-~
(3,
6. 44)
(3, 6. 45)
3. 6 .tliLiltlf. ~
<F;!fr.>J-:it~
141
9!I ,J, 4 i!l:ff JKJtl; o.;;;x< =(1'1-!llililt;/J' ;l;!llCJJ-;fJiiii !&11 q(x' t) .x= 0 31J:1JJ;tffi l!l'Jl-'
1JJill !E:iJ JJ-;fJi 11 F Cx J , J;:;lt EE }J Iii '!IJ( PCx .t J
fi
'!.
ax
o,
(3. 6. 46)
x=O.t>O
p(:r,t = 0)
}'(:c)'
O~x<=
J:!i .~ 0x!: C3. 6. 44l1i)][tllf '.!!I llHfil'iil li!ilt'i~ "1

p(:i: 1 t)
J::n X~~'p~) e-:iTi[ FlfJ) + ~ J:_ e il2(!<{J, r)dr ]cl.&

1
(3.
6. 47)
>ll JI! 3. 2 ll! 2 lT.*. :J X c ,x l =cosx, I IN= 2 I, M:AJ:'il'.Ji',Jl'Jti'\ 'I' ft'J 'IJ<!J-i!i! if , fiiJ Hti1:lf.
(3. 6. 49)
~ti-i'\(3. 6. 48)1i)Ef!lil;
p(x,t) =
f:_
G(x,x' ,t)F(x')dx'
0
+ --,-Xf ['
II
~o
G(x,x' ,t -
d ...... 0
x'=O
r)q(:r' r)dx1 dr
(3. 6. 50)
ilL!!! lt'i G ;9; [if, J: it;!!; ii! ;jj: iii !& , f tE li! 4 lit '/'
ill-lfi llll l '
3. 6. 4
'
,.>------
o'----c,----L,--+,
I1'1~*ifi~t1J~!itm!ilb
JI! !J1 JJ-'Jt Jl1I lit >It ~!;It'~ Ill :iii Iii lilt It 7l' :IT
II!' nr j IX
'l'-1'? "'1 'ltllirr~5! 'Jt~' 1/.. iilf j IX I~ ~:if Iii! 9'~r'!i! fiij 'Jtll(/9 ill-"'!&' ..
Fo !it :J ll'IX'l\'l!l!"' !&nH11llJ ,
lt'i 1 'ft!J<tt 11t1t'lt :1rm. m:J il'l.l:'ll'~ w!&Fo l'f ; 11Zi'!'rr
!'l''Jtl!l!, Bill~ !E}J iii!&!J-;fJi.
'1Jll;-1-Jl!J!'Ji!!ll! .Jlf!J111 ab, Ji'{;! 'f (I ,dJ , .It .\\I lClfil!lt q 11'1it!& , Po ll'I 3. I l'Jf ?i' ltibtl
'!l-11 ;E !E iiJ :If fll j!lj #111' %r ft'J ff }J !J- ;fJi Ji1i '!IJ(p Cx , y , t J ,
iX #lilt ;/! B'J IE WI fiil \\!!Iii) ~ lf j!lj 1'i'!!! i* , Ji! I #!!! !l:;l!;l!!Ji'fF :"1.1.\ lCJlJ A JJ' l'< , ill!,_ !lll;114'
'1'"
*"'
-------------~-"-----........
',,
142
:li'IX:JT1'l\1fiil!l f !IQ1'll!JI', lll!Hild'f l'l'!i' Jll ml !Ill lll!IL lf!! 2 l'i!!!dliJl!:~~'!f ll'.-- rlJ l!1l'Hi'd'f,
:JT!ll 9' f 1tW:tc!Jf [!I ifil Jl!::li'IX iJ<J , '8 igJ!l f ;l;Jli'..Jf ,\\\ iJ<J .ll:ai!i 12<1;'<. l:l i>HI1f 9J'l!1;'Hklt, llll
tEJ!of(] J!l jff! i l'iJl!lli, ;ll;;lfl!I~ ili illt"f'
:; + :; =
i 3: + !
0(.x -
l)V'(y -
d)
(3. 6. 51)
;It 9' ,A= KI Jldlt:Ji( ,q Jl!t~&l!!!I!'! )Jli( ;"'ill iJ<J !*!!Hit:lt (m' /m ,) , ~ JI; Dirno ~ "9 ~, 'fjjjj
?t jllj l'Ftll JI' i1t ff H ll':
t fll!iB llll!llll4J 111l!!El!1Ji'tllif5 1l'Jillll!1W-J:!E:IJ 11 p,. Tililia p<x.

y .t Jn 1111; ;i; p, l!l!Ei iJ<J!E:IJ f Jl!::JT1'l\ cs. s. sD iJ<J 11!1!'1,l;ffilT~ Ill.
ll
li:ffii1H~!!I$
p(O,y,t) = p(a,y,t) = O,
{
y(x,O,t) = p(x,b,t) = O,
O<x<a,t>
(3, 6. 52)
p(x,y,O) = fJo(x,y)
i'J< !~ ii1! 3, s ll! 1 tJ'l!l:.. 3, 2 JI! 9 fi , tE x '11 y 1f fiiJ l4J 11 Fouri" 1!11ll.1Elli:3l'l'k, RP x :!TM ~1iI
>ii~ :kJ X. ='inp.x,p. ~!EE

a ,J/NCP.) =],.
a Y :!TrilJ1i'f!iEf!ir<;:!J Y,=sinY,y, Y,= ""b !/N(Y,) ~
~ . l'l'ff i!;i!X'J!:l'k!Ei:lrl!I (3, s. 51 l ti:lt!i!;i '11!1!':%
m' "')-n-2 '7+

bi p(m,11,t)
I d ':: " . mirl.

""d
_::__r_+.i.1nn
-'1n Xdt
(3, 6. 53)
(3. 6. 54)
(3. 5. 55)
. tnttl . nttd . 1nrrx . rvry

sin 7s1n Ts1n 7s1n b
tt 1!:J::il: 9' il'l1"l\!i"t' ill t= 0 i'/'8

Jll ii-.\\\ !E:IJ l\j f 1111'!
*'
(3, 6. 56)
;:!)"'. ~lnlii!E:IJ ?l':tri' ill 1-= it'E:;l; J , i;!;;!! lj/HJJ!'ll' 11'1'ruJ t
2)
il<l lil:lllrl-111~
~ff l!!l ftil ~ Ol7:;r;J!t7.l<ill.J'I'1111 Jl'i ' ;it) llill< l'f Of~ lit
apl
_?P./
:l~-a,..o =~;,-
ay
-o
>o'
:>of
0:
ay ,,.. b
<3.6.57)
p(:x,y,t ..... 0) = PD(x,y)

l'Ji.~'ll! 3, 6 lJlj 1
fi':fll'll! 3, I lfi 6 fi', tl'!iEi>i '11'.J5J ~ 'Of!J:<klt.
J!!tf p;j1J(olJ<jt;itJ#,lff, '!'Hol!illlJ
EjJ'Jl:l*lii!i'11'. p(m ,n ,1) , ~Fw l!J'.li!'ll! 3. 6 lJll 1 ff 8'J !i;lt'J#,0~il!ft P'i IJ::Ji<;lt'J#, :l.'!11illl
Aab[p0 (.x,y) - p(;c,y,t)] = Xt
q
}:;".:" -1 [ 1- exp ( + -2a'

~
m2
.. ,
2b' ""
+ 1i1'
L..J
3 ' 7. 1
, tn
)
mrrl
nl!'.r
-Xt
cos-oosat
aa
1r"
n J
l i [ 1 - exp - ir b' Xt IJ cos nnd

nny
Tcos T
11
(3. 6. 58)
~ Pi I& l!R llSI ZJS ilM 1 il!!J ill!
"It J\llilf Ji: R ~ 'il: cl: (r , I) 1' 91: B'J~iit fiiJ l!ll liJ 7l' ~ jllj #1111 llt RP J;f Jl'i IB:Jit a.;;r.;;b f\l ~ Jl'iIB:
Jlt o.;;r,,;;b 'I' 8'J 'f iif1l' rllilt. Tiif 7t~tl f ITT ~it.
(3. 7. l)
>0
(3, 7. 2)
x=b,t>O
(3, 7, 3)
a~r;!i!tjit;)fljll;~ fl'JIJ'ijl-'Jl:J#,~!1.

~!f "f :;j;; fiilf!lE'Ziill!!!!'l'lJll 3 ft, :it 'I' ,,_ o, DP
Ell!!!! 3. 6 "'!JU.
(3. 7. 5)
(3. 7, 5)
'-~---------------
---
144
3 iHI\ 'JI' i: ;J; "'fR h- J! <ti! ii;
Jj; rp ,R, ( p. ,, ) , p.
fl1 NCp.)-f:1f1'1C3. 7. 1) fl1i!l)'l-,lj;fifC3. 7. 2J fl1 ( 3. 7. 3) JI' ii( llil?J-?Jil!l nit il'J

1il'liE ill. lliJ ll!l ll'J 111' liE ffi ti( , ""'liE lll l'!l \11' 'It '8 ill 83 'ii' 3. 3 11 ill '
Ji'! 2 i1Hl!;7111l'll iE fl!ll,lj; iif J!E 'iitl: <3. 7. 5lill'rr l!\:fr~li!o 'll!~Fo ll'J 1f!!!fll 1Jlii1c!idif ~J
r dp(~.,t)
(t
+ Xif!p<{l.,t)
~ ~q(p,,,t)
I\
l p(fi, ,t ~
O) ~
+ X[aM,(t) +bM 1 Ct)]
Pc{l,J
(3,
7. 7)
(3. 7. 8)
(iC/3.,,t)
J:rRoCP... ,r)q(r,t)dr
(3. 7. 9)
(3. 7. 10)
F'(f?.,) = J:rR 0 (j9.. ,r)F(r)dr
M "'
{R,(~.') 1.-.. f.(t)
'
(-1)'+1_!._<lRol
(3. 7. )])
j',(t)
l,
h, dr "-',
r 1 =a,r2 =b)
(i=l,2,
it1- 1 Jr~fi'iit~?t1f!lH"1lJJ1liJoJ/l!lC3. 7. 7lfl1<3. 7. BJ1~!Jl:&!;;!tfl!ll.

JI! s !i'flllil!EJJ~~ffili "P<P. ,1J.
'il 4 ii' Ill ll''ll!li'! l~ '1: c3. 1. 6Jlllrr &'ll!l#!NP 111 !E:iJ ?t l'li ffi 'It
. ) _
P( 1.t -
~ Ro({:i,,.,t)
NCr:i J e
f'"' -
'-"
'"w \
-rP'r
'"
\Pep.)+[_,'":'[ f;;cp,,c) + XaM,(t) + XbM,(t) ]de)
(3.7.12)
11atE !IX'tit'~l!lili?tlllll!\?tli!rr ili:'.41. ~J Ji:!~ 83 + Gibbs ~!'1P.11lll*ll'J B!XilL

-!i 'If '10 I& f;t o,,;;c<;;;b ;; ~ 11.( r iE fl!l11"'111!!
?!P + lap+
JI".! + hp ~
Jr 2
rdr
p(r,t = 0)
l_q(r t) = l_
'-
ap
XJt~
O< r<b,t
f(t).
"'=
>
r=b,t>O
F(r),
(3, 7. 13)
(3. 7.14)
(3. 7. 15)
fl: ft'J'! 3. 6 Ji'! 4 ff 9 jj;rp ,~ O, ;li;l!\?J-'ll!l#!X<i" !l>: ;I;

PCfl,,,,t) = J:rR 0 (f~.. ,r)p(r.t)dr
_ ~ R,(/).,t)- "
p(r,t) -
2o
N(/).,) P(t't)
(3. 7, 16)
(3. 7. 17)
;IJ;rp !*'liEm 'I!:, 'i'liE1ll'll lil:'I!: 83 :Ji! 3. ' l'I' llL xr1r!llofll ii!fl!l1'1kfif C3. 1. 131- <s. 1. 1s1 J!EJ!! ill'rr
l!\?J-'l<l#!i<l-ol'if"'J)'Jj:cffi!/ll:(l'J I !li'!ltf.t'ffl" ~?J-~!!1, fWliI p 11.( Fn lift!:.~;!: ( 3. 7. I 7) ill'rr &Jt!i:',

:111:51~ ffijJ ffi 'I!: -'l''1: C3. 7. 12)jj(<jVJ, J1 -J;;J-' 1' M '!I!, IP
. _ ~ Ro(/3,,,,t) -.rl:.
P( r, t )- .;:_, N(Q) e "'
.,,,.1
\ FC;l.J
t'm
+ J:_, '"''[} q(;J., t) + XbM Ct) ]dr l
(3.7.18)
145
1!:2Cp r) I
'
M(t) =
3. 7. 2
hi -d0
r
f(r),
17' 0
f(r:)'
l = 0
(3. 7. 19)
'""'~
1C llli ;;;; I& lilt ~ 215 im f~ i1iJ JJit
ml< llf 'il:;Jt "1 ;!:: IB'. >t; a<;;r< =
3. 6 JI!
11'1 'f illi j,l, rliJ lilt:. 't~ l!l 'f lE !ii rel ll!i
'!.
i? + .lq(r
t) ""l Z
ar- 2 + lrJr
,\
,,
xat' a <r< =.t> 0
(3. 7. 20)
~- l ?fj. +hp=
(3. 7. 21)
p(r,t
!'Ii .~;l<
dR
{-
... ~
= 0)
>0
a<_r< =
f(t),
a,t
F(r),
5 19 ,Ji!(;!;<!' '= 0( 1!iJ :'lg Jc; Jlij [liJ fl! 0 :lt<! ~f!(j}~lil!X& fili::'lg
=
f(/3,r)
p(r,t)
(3.7.2Z)
J~ rR"(j3,r)p(r,t)dr
(3. 7. 23)
J~ pR,,;;;,r)pc,iJd
(3. 7. 24)
~~(
N(p)
;!;'!' "1 !It Ro Cfi ,r) :flt N (fi) lb il< 3. 5 l!i'il;,
l>lllf r-a ~:it!J'Hki'fol!'T~ll!li!!JE~1!Y''f111:'i!i'1'11'1

fi ~. Ill :II' T J~ rR, Cp ,, Jdr M1r !'<:flt lE !ii i!'d'f i:l )jf illrriE :II' , JDI 1r Ii :flt Wia !41-f'f '.!!' ~ 1'j
( 3. 7. 7):flt C3. 7. 8)~1!;!1!'1%>1:, fl :of'J.i:it!dlf li}l()jf {l(1f -1' M, gp
dp~,t) + Xfi'p(fi,t)
~q<fi,t) + XaM(t)
C3. 7. 25!
p(fi,t =DJ= FcpJ

O. 7. 26)
M!Jfd'foi&-'11' lltl'li>t (3. 5. 19)!11 tll !E;IJ ~l!l!"1 !It p(p. t) 'if iE Ill#~ c, l'f l'/iJ!:
lb kl J: If :flt w
(3. 7. 24Ji1!fil'.'.!l'l!l!.:li/ff1l;!E;IJ:lt11fiillillt
p(r,t)
(""
fJRg(/3,r)e_ifl',
J,_, N(p)
(F<fil + t:"'[ ~q(.B,r) + XaMC<) ]dr)dp
(3.
7. 21!
1#0
(3. 7, 28)
l
3. 7. 3
1111
Xi fill ~ Im JJit ilJJ
llf 'il:lll!lll#!ttlifilli!!ftjjjj ~Jt, jjjj ~ Ji!l!J :'i;Jj,l, rliJIJll:llh, SP ffi;IJ p R .5; Cr, z, t l 1'*,Jo Jlij 1iU !!!
0 ;\;')'.;.
i<1),l\'liJfl'l1f'1!.IB'.tlt a<;;R;b. o~L l!'T=!tlliilll .~~kl TiEll!lreJlli

:/'p
l ap
ap 2
ar2 +--;::: ar + ~ + Tq(r,~,t)
J p(r,z,t) ~ O,
, p(r,z,t = 0) = F(r,z),
1 ap
a<r<h
Xiii' o < z < L't > o
(3. '/, 29)
>0
(3. 7. 30)
(3, 7. 31)
fr:llilJ!IJll.J:,t
a
b,O
z.:i;;;: L
Jll lR :lt'.!l'l!l!I.!: ;;!<!ii .::!II IJll: ijlJ , '!if M'.ll: :Iii r :flt z fl< !k:lt%0Jitfi fl( :lt'.Jl:i!lio , Xj' I! ~:Iii r f)i ~ J!I! lltJe
z 1!1i1'Ji!::ll;:lil.~5!'l'l!x'1'.5f '11:<3. 7. Slffi (3. 1. 6)tl!flll ,~'1' ,R,cp.,r) ,p. illl N<P.> lb'ill 3. 4 4-
146
3 ;)-~'Jl::l)J;f<>,fp,;)-JtJt.ik
--=~~~~~~~~~~~~~--'--'-'-'---..--~~~
:it'I' >-0 'lflfj 'f!"::lflli(3. 7. 29)-(3. 7. 3J);g,-!X!Jl:lt'.J!:i!"Fo'l!'.:%

ti. .l-,
_ _lap
J-',,.p(p,,.,z,t) + az1 + ,\ q(,,,.,z,t) - x at
0
_,,,-,
! p(fi. z
1
'.l!:lli
(3. 7. 32)
z = O,z = L,t > O
t) = O,
(3. 7.
33)
P<fi.,z,t - 0) - FC# .z)

(3. 7. 34)
Ll J:;IJ!l! 'l'i:Cli ~
z, l'!'.xt z J!!tf-IX!Jl:lt'!\'i!O. .:% l:i~U;J;iJil, 111" - "'i!!iK M z il'J IR:lt:ll!
jtJ\,;!t'!\'&M'1i'il:C3. 6. 5);f!J(3. 6. 6lil'J'Jfi'il:~Mo N'l);J!<Xt:%
J;c[:J,,.,r~,t)
f~~ 0 zcr.,z)ft(,8.,,z,t)dz
(3. 7. 35)
f, Z(Y,,z). ,
p(fi.,z,t) - ,:;.,, N(Y) p(fi.,Y,,t)

-!
(3. 7. 36)
;tt 'I'. z (Y., z) , r. ;flJ N er.) rll ll! 3. 1 lf lfj o IJo:I!: , 1!111!ii 3l: f-'I' il'J R, <fi. ,r). fi.-N <P.1 #l z <r..
, 1r.. N cr.1 JtU:% ra :If!!! c2. 1. 291- <s. 1. a11 il'J :lfttllil:ltiil!:lt Jiiii '!\'tFo fifi'lfi Jilt il'J *r:lt Jiiii
0 ~ R, (r )#J Z (z) i'Jtlf!iEil! fiill!!iil'J !l'!iEiil 'ti:, %'!iEil!;flll\l:'t!: o

;g,t;t;;t IX IJ<Jt'l\'l'J\Ll !ff, :If !llfll Ji!llil!#<l'f'l!'.Jilt Ll T :*''f 1J1 lt'l!'l'J\iil fl: "ft<P., r.. 11 il'J
~tt lit
1111!
lit"
~
dt + X( fl'~,
,,)p(".,Y.,t) =
x.,
Tq(" Y.,t)
(3. 7.
'P<P. + r,,, - 01 = ll'cp.,r.1

ij(/J,.,Y.,t) =
'FC{J.,,Y,)
J:~of:
'Jr
37)
(3. 7. 38)
...rRa(p.,,r)Z(r.,z)q(r,z,t)drdz
(3. 7, 39)
J:. J:. .drRu(P.. ,r)Z(Y.,z)F(r,z)drdz
(3. 7. 40)
Xt1fll! (3. 7. 37) #l'1JM14rtl'f (3. 7. 3811~ :@'.!!, ;l<llil!. llil! tlJ ,JJ!.lt1'1l513\'jtJ\0~ p<fi., r.,1) Lllff, l'!'.
l'l:&'l!'i!003!:<3. 7. 361"17(3. 7. 6)i'JJfi'il:ff,JJl..!ll:&'Jl:W!,PP-lll
p(r,z t) = ~ ij Ro~!'!.!.?:)~(~.,z) e-xti'!+i!!
1
.. -1
~1
(/3.. ) ( .)
{P<.e... r.) +
3. 7. 4
~J:_ 0 et<P!+r!iqc/f... r.,r)dr}
(3. 7. 41)
llifii~IXl<~=ttii1l~
'tf- Ji; illl lf' 13: >it a.,;;r.,;;b ,o.,;;o.,;;o, w, < 2") il'J .:: !II:lit f4J , '1li fll ~%HJ T JE ~ lliJ I!!
r?p
1 (}p
_ 1
'!
~ +7+ ri JIP +-y:q(r,8,t)-x Ji'
a<rO
(3. 7. 42)
(3. 7. 43)
(3. 7. 44)
-l~~+haP=f'~(IJ,t),
l,
JI:+ h,p
/ 0 (8,t),
p(r,8,t-O)=F(r,0),
r=a,t>O
r
(3. 7. 45)
= b
(3. 7. 46)
a~r~b,0~0~00 ,
(3. 7. 47)
3.7
147
W&~
*m
"1J 1iur'.ll:'i!l! 1f/j;;

J:nc:::lt jjlt illl ""!l!! , 1lT 11<l>(xt l'l >Jt ;11 e:flt , :frJllJ iltrrlR:fr '.ll:'!k &P f"'
(3. 7. 42)- (3. 6. 47JB'J :If lj( ll!l:friltff '.Jl:JIJ)- JI!, 1ll*T:fr JI! iii Ill: 9COJ :fU R (,) B'J !l'fiE iJ!.fiil l!li.
l!l\Fn 7)-~IJ t1J 1!J. 3. I lll: tlHtfiEiii Ill: 9(>, 0), !l'li iJI. >:fU ltilt N (>) i;.(Jl: i!l l!J. 3. 3 lll: ill 1'#fiEiiiilt R,
<P.,, 1'l'fiEiJI. fi. :fU IBilt N <P.l
>lll l'El!' ll:M l'l '.!l:tt oiltlt-!I: lR?l-11:~. i!Hl'i?l-JI! iiiilt 9<0l 8'J !!<fiE il!.fiil 8, fil1 J'l(l!J. 3. 6
9' lfl I fi'B'JlR?l-3t'i!l! xtiltrr'.!l:~' BP
P<r,J.!,t)
"
p(r,v,t)
Jl~O
B<v,o>p<r,8,t)do
= "..I 9(>,0)N(J1) p(r,v,t)
(3.7.48)
(3. 7. 49)
ffl <3. 7. 48JJ!i>!:B'J!R?t'.!l:'l!l!>txtii!l!ffiilil!!<3. 7. 42)-(3. 7. 47JiJjljiltfi''.!l:'i!l!Fn ,jlj;-f*T

'.ll:~iii Ill: p(, '"') B'J ii!fll!fiilJljj'
i!l_
1 ip
'-'
Il iij_
a,-i +-;:;:,,. - -rP + M (r,t) + M:(r,t) + ;:q(r,v,t) = X at
(3. 7. 50)
1
- /3 'P
Jr
i.
+ h3p- = 1~(Jl,t).
(3.
? + h.P = 1~c11,t),
/j(r,.,,t -
r=h,t>O
7. 51)
(3. 7. 52)
(3. 7. 53)
0) ""'Ii'(r,..,),
(3. 7. 54)
(i=l.2,
Oi=0,82=80>
iltri!li Ill" - ""'n<xt l'l 'i!:tt 1 J1ttl9lR?l-'.Jl:~. :% T :<-t1f! <1. 1. 50J- (3. 7. 54 l 9' B'J l'l '.il::I! ,
jlj'J11fi'-!1:1!1?l-'.!l:~, ri!li Ill bO" - "'"', Xt r J11'1t1!l?l-'.Jl:~B'J Jt'i!l!Xt tlJ"' 3. 6 9' !I! 3 ltill"
ili , BP
=fb,.,r'R,([i..,,r')jj(r',v,t)dr'
~(/J,.,w,t)
-C
p r,v.t
f, R,Cfi.,r)(,
)
N((l,.) p f-'.,,v,t
= ~
(3.7.55)
3. 7. 56
Jll'i!:~>!:(3.
7. 55J(l<J~'il::Xt>!:O. 7. 50)-(3. 7. 54llll'Jll!J!i'ffl!10-'Jl''i!l!,j1!lltltl!10-'.Jl:~iiitl;

p({I. , t J8'J 1 !11'~1! 1lt1!1:0- Ji@ fV W,i !tftil'd'I' Jm r ,
, + X/31.~Cfi.,>,t)
~iiCfi.,>,t) + x<fil, + /il,) + X(aM, + bM,)
~Cfi..t =OJ=
ij({J.. ,v,t) -
f. f'
1/(fi.,>) =
'f:'(fi.,>J
(3. 7. 57)
(3. 7. 58)
, ... ~ .. rR,([3.. 1 r)8(v,8)q(r,8,t)d(Jd.r
(3. 7. 59)
f'. ..f'.'rR,(fi.,J8(8)F(,,8Jd8dr
(3. 7. 60)
148
(3. 7. 61)
l;
*0
l, - 0
(i=3 ..t,
r 0 =a,
r 4 =b)
(3. 7. 62)
111! ill! t~ ili ,xt'f Jf ll'i IB:llll a,,;r,,;b, o,,;e,,;2, B'J Vlt i1IJ , Jill <Ell! 3. 3. 11' 'I' I
J!l ID 13: llll '1' !11: liiJ fl )!If :f li1J J! :f<Pli!lll'i B'J &5t:l!'i!l<Xt ~
p(r,v,t) =
f" 0
~~ cosr.i(8-
Jl\~J B'J , tlf lll .!ii
(3. 7. 63)
f!)p(r,f! ,t)d8'
1 "
p(r,8,t) = ~
L;P(r,v,t)
(3. 1. 64)
" '
"'.'I',,_ o, L 2 , ... , J! llllre:f'i'l' i1'i T . r:l!':ll: ~ <r, e,. .t) B'J ~!iH"l llli, "1oll/f$1i!i;js:i!l li1J
>\ :f ii '!if JlEo !It1!15t11l' l'k jjlj E. ,
3. 8 .f.t~:lir.l\tft~lR?t~~
xt 'f J!J< !ll lff. * 'l' B'1 i~!iilf.riiJ llli , ;js:1J 11'1'i!!!! 3. . 3 11' 'I' !l! ti , .R ltif>: J!J< %12 r"1 !iii , ip .R 1'; l'l
'J!' :ll:<r. t J fl~ B'J tlf % , fIJ Jill 'I' J!J< %B'J iJI! ill! !<.( ll: 'lll!lt 1r J;t 'I' b\J!I< ID lli !I\' !!II !1iL ll. Ill( r"1 ~ ~ B'J l'li
i11J.J!:f<Pi'ilii11J~~~~~!ll~*'l'B'l~~m~.~~JmT~liiJllli,
1..r il'(rp)
g,.i
1..
- 1.. a. .
+;.q(r,t)-xJP<.r<b,t>O
'f:+Hp-f(t),
p(r,t
r-b,t>O
= 0) = f'(r),
(3. 8.
l)
(3. 8. 2)
(3. 8. 3)
J! JiHI!: 1'l'j<Jf> 13'. llll 'If~;'[ B'J 4' ~:!;!iii liil ti' ll5I :l!' JI B'J :l!' l!l; , 4'
(3.8.4)
W(r,t) = rp(r,t)
'fli!:filllHiiJ/lli(3. 8. D-<3. 8. 3J:l!'~
aiw r
ar2 + "Iq(r,t)
W(r,t) = o,
~ + (H
W(r,t=O)
1aw
y~
O<r<b,t> 0
; ) W - bf(t),
=rfa~(r),
(3. 8. 5)
O,t> 0
(3. 8. 6)
~ b,t > 0
(3. 8. 7)
O~r~b
(3.8.8)
ltifillM' liiJ lll!B'J:lfttllll5t"" ~~ !lltT-* 'I' (J<J %'1'.;f{J "'1 <Jill" (3, 29) - (3 .. 32) fififfe). :;1;&5t
:l!'i!l<Xt El!$. 3. 6 'I'll! I ff!tt ili ,'f4f r #ti' x, NP
149
P<P.. ,t)
J:~ 6 X(p.,,r)p(r,t)dr
(3.
_ f, X<p.,rl- ,
f,;; N(ft.) p("_,t)
(3. 8. 10)
p(r,t) -
l!Ul!l!!J'f~f'f(3.
s. 9)
8. 6lifl1(3.8. 7l(!9!t:;!!'l,'lt~ 3.1lll5 rrlli

X (j3., ,r)
sinfJ,,.r
2(. + llil
N(P.l - b(/3'.. +HD + ll,'
~1~ -
(3. 8. !ll
!l, - ll
1.
(3. 8. 12)
mr 'ti! liE ill p. JlF'F J1lJ1fIi a9JE111.

{l.,bctg#.b
+ bH -
I ~ 0
C3. 8. 13)
m;!!'. 'f f. sin{l.rdr n'>l: c3. s. 5l- o. 8. 8) iilJI! iltffili:M'. , lll'X''f :i\'1! ii!i Ile w cp.. l (19 I llft!il
tt 11tlll::frnli& :ttw Iii ~f'i'
t
dW<P
,, W (,,.,.,t
" l
dt tJ + ,.,.,,x
W({i,,..t = 0) =
F (/),,,)
x- "
= ;:-q(,,.,t)
4
+ xbP.
H~ COStJ,,.b
1.(t)
(3. 8.14)
= f:rsinfi.,,rF(r)dr,F" = rF(r)
(3. 8. 15)
J;l;1'Wil1l 1'1 li!iAA! w <P.. t) 'fa.I

W({l.,t)
~ e-!(:F (/I.)+ I'..:''''[ ~q(p_,r)
+ XbJr:cos{l.bf(r) ]dr)
(3. 8.16)
l:li lit:il'l'k:O: C3. 8. 10) n.t:O:ilttr lit:il'l'k, Jt!ti!:l!IJ;l:<3. 8. 4), BPli ffi}J :fr:liiii!i Ile
2~ "" C{l:+Hllsinfl.r(r
p (r,t ) = y ~e
F ). , d
.. b({P,._ +Hf)+ H~ J.~or (r s1n,....,r r
+ ~ J:_ 0 e~[J:_ 0 q(r, r)sinft.,rdr Jdr
*T
+ xf=OetP!' ~:COS,6'.,b/(r)dr}
(3. 8.17)
l!jl;!!( ;;i !I '11 !fliifll ~!fli ill. iliJ rJ MJiPF !)' ll'ifll lll 3. 4 11' (lj JilltR ' *\1 n) :fj'(:fr IJE l'k?Rilt
fr :iJ<AA! !'\ Cf ill::(~~ &:I\' JI ~ cos~ (I] 1W !le 1'. J' Jt )JO :it:I\'!'Iii. JJ '11J: Ill il!i Ile B'J :fl'(1f:I\' l'k Milii
B ill 'fJ;\'.l+:J!fli ['JM:fE~itl.;iJ 'I' '11 Ill Jl!ti<;J;, ;;!lit'!' Iii'W!ifli!:;J; T
1'E Ji!=: l\!'. '!' , ll: 11111 jj! T 'Jtfl?/tl'Ji[ ii; 1J!i: Jt 1r'l'il li'1Jt51'it fll W- Jt'!t 1*1* Bi Jlt fl ;1J , xt
'fff~1rfll*~~mJt:;Jt'114,S1rR~.
3. 1-11: 3. 5'!' Jl;~m @'ii<J il! Ii! '1'1< :1 !l'liEfill '!!:' ll'i'ltfll j\fjiE{1! ftAlli.iJ 5} ;/jj'ii<J 0i't~P nL ;11
i:t 51 '.I!' :II! iE 'l' :1 T 1'f 'f IQ Jt'.ll' lli x& ,1\ilii .:!; *~ J!l W-5' '!\' l*lii >lt !Ii ?/tl'Ji[ ii; 1J!i: Jt 1r I'! !li'dl!i T 1!i!
ll\ '1!ii11. ili m:;r '.I!' lli .:!! *~' n~ f'J u 1iu11 r !it, 91! mwmm e<J ;1r 111 . Jt >Je ft~tiE 111-lt,!!! ff ill lt\:Jl!, .:!; !!< '111' *~ 1fII! ll,/ i!tli! .oji< ( G,een) fill '!!:JI< {j\ f *!Vi ,Ii!;It fill '111:/ii >)<:Jill ii; 1115}
1r t!!,Jl!,-1-1l 'it (J'J ;IrIii , @Jl!,J!1-:h 11' ii<J Ill it Z. ~ tE 'f ilu fiJllJ i!t.i!li; <J.:;Jti!t l'l lil lilc;\too 'Iii: Ill
iii: llH~ ;It iili !& l'iiJ lW t!!,~:flllc T 4' l\!'.JIUifr JL 11'%' lill :i Ill ;\too '111:1* , :f {J( .\!< Ul f J!l lilc *!' iili !lltlii3':
lit mii; i!I: Jt :1r 1'1 lil '.I~ rt ili .!Bit ui r !!I iii: 111 Ii' illi 'lli:lil 1rl.!'1'1l ti' !l!ll iX fill Ii' t!!,.:!J AA!<e .ff~ 1\iJ
l!!lli!{J\ f -'!!'!:IL l\ll!!<.fll~i l\'ili'J ;Jrlft.
4' l\!'. J! fll 111'1l =:1-1fllii &P 1!11'~1!! iii!i l'i:I.!' , it: ff 1!I! tefll :1Jli1 ii<J i 4' lli:E!i! Ll & -111. ii<J Iii;It
'*
Pi!i!&I*.
4. 1
llJ.lllit..\li"1JJtJlii!l~~
21< l\!'. EJf iJI. ii<J i!ll' ~If iii!i 'IJ(;ll, Ji,. i!ll' Bf,\\\ ill(Jil! Ul 2': ii<J , t!!,liit ;11,J,\ %1 lll lillil: Ul :it (l'J Ill ilii%J 1!I! IE lit
<P Slil' ~ , ~ .l!I! :t ;u~ S l!!l lilll W-!Jll' ii<J Iii;It iili 'ltl.!';1!1\!llt $1!! ll\ :1 :it ii<J it "!'!111111' t!f Jli ,
A ill ll' 1'f Ll 'l'J Ill !ii.:!}'!!' '.I (J3olt,mann) ~ l!l!Jltff lit Jill , .:!! It~ ilil !!!. , :f !Ii?\;11' !ij Ill lit ]f: 'ii' '.I 111
}j<::fll;l; iili:1J l!! ii<J il'i -j-jj!J f' '
4. i. i
~~ ~ ilti zis illi Zf.I
a mt
p, ,1 1- +o B~~J <'Ex - OJll:

i!li!:tt!'Jk ~!E.iJ ..t:ltl"J p, olt- :l;: fl!~.:!! p,. !!< i:r:t~~J ii<J Jli.iJ:* ;ff5. i8'.'1oiililf !Jl!ll<ii<Jg,Afiil
~ Jll,'f' Ji';R<!i!ilii ll'.Jljl; O<;;x< cnii<JJ;j )iljJil!J!!, Jil\J<i;Jil!J!! Bi;IJ .:!;
I/Ill ,
O<x<=,t>O
P(x,t)=l,
P(::r,t) =
0,
P(x,t=O)=O,
x =
o.
__,..=,
O~x<O?
>
t>O
(4.]. l)
(4, L 2J
(4. L 3)
(4.1.4)
1!l!Vf:!il:!l'J Jtlrr, 5!'it x ,1 ifO 'Iii: X 1'fl!!JN.PJl:-ii<J Ji';:fl!il'! :!I!; u - x' / 4Xt .i!li; \~x I ,!4ft,
fr:itlli <up lit JI'. tt '.I 'l)'J!l! l
:fy Jt,
(4,
L 5)
151
'f ;11; 1f ll!:f!l ;Ef!llli\i'f (4. !. ! ) - ( 4.
!.
41'.l\: J!J1it*:?l-1fll! EIJi!! f!lraJ llli'
~; + ,, ~~
(4. !. 6)
P<c=0)=1
(4.1.7)
P(c-=l =O
(4.1.8)
it .!.t'll'l!l!i::l:ll!9'l!JJIL,j\-ff(4,]. 3)ifit11'1Jl!i*i'f<4.]. 4)fl"=lffl-'ll:J!J'it<4.

( 4. !. 6) lfftt"1\ 'Jr. i'i+ P' =dP Ide. m1J1f ll!'i!:Jilt
J. 8), 1ffl
(4. !. 9)
d'
dP
P'
_,
(4, 1. JO)
= c 1e '
Jli'.IR :)}-!:).: , :if !II i!! Jll ~fd'f ;E t!i 11!"~ oJ 111
(4.1.11)
p(:_,:,t) = P1 - (P1 - p;)erf(
1!!J!!5'l;(A3. 2), t x= 0 Jd: p= p,, t
k,)
(4, 1.121
x-=Jll: t=O ,p= Pni"f-fr II:\:11!:,
4. 1. 2 ~~fig~ ZjS Im 1 lf!J ill!

~ill 14 J!lt?clll!:k:ll!! Ill 'I' - o J'i' ,Ill .I.I If. ft''~ ~'i:l1'Jl' 9' B'J J'i' '1'12 r = '. 1Jl\iii1:ll!!ll! Bi :1.1 J!J
p, , :ll!!ll! IJIt ::!I h , :if B'J Fl:: J!J Q 'f J!: ltE raJ I! il'rtffl:f!l li! flill!Ri'f lff '.!!'Jilt
(4, 1. 13)
?12=1-'!P
~+
O<r<oo,t>O
;Jr'
Xat
riir
' I 'Pl
p(r ,t)
p,
~OJ
ar
Q
2'1rKh
>0
(4. J. 14)
r-=,
t> 0
(4. 1.15)
(4. !. 16)
O~r<oo
p(r,t=O) =P1
K'I' , Pl l!!lll*ilf lff Eb
r - 0,
Da<cy )ilji!!.\j. t!;
iPl !Xllm (Poluparino"-Koohu.a, 19621 *!II ftnrl1111' Ii
~'ll:J!l.'
r'
(4, 1. 171
u = 4Xt
'f!!:1.fll!:WJEWl!i\flf(4. 1. 13)-(4, !.16l'!<Jilt
<l'1' ~
ud,+d<l+u)-0,
u
u
(4.].
18)
,
do
Qu
11m2u =.c:. = - -
(4,
p(u--+ oo) = p,
(4. j, 20)
*o
O<u<=,
du
2'1fKh
p' ""dp/ du lff f 1fll! (4, !. 18) "1\'Jr-1:).:, :5}/l.!5!;:1:Ji:fll:frZ iif l1!
!. 19)
152
e-
p' -.~du
-.-.-. d
r:.t ....
c --- 1 u
Ell l'!.11' ikf'f c4. 1. 10lIE1B 1il"tt " -
Q! 4Kh.
dp
(4. J, 2!a)
11:A.J!: <4. !. 21allll

Q ,-
(4.
du= 4trKh U
p(u) - -
"" , Bl !kit< 4.
4xKh
f'-" yd>
e-~ +
u
llt/Ei ill
L 20 )j[ ft I'! IE l!j ,,- p"
2 '
(4. 1. 23)
Ci
'
i '
p( :xi)= p, + 411",fhEi( - :xt)
p(r,t) =
L Z!bl
(4. !. 24)
:it'!', Ei <~ l fl;J</l!llR 5Hlii fl< >.Xlii~lJJUt iiii'llJ , .!11,llf;till: A2. l'liol: (A2. 3l IESC
Ei(- u) ::::::- f'--" e-y dy
y
:!JI!< Jl-iiii 'll'. t!!.Ji\1' 'il< iiii 'll'.. llilol: <4.

8'J i!!-Ji iti1?:J!l fl'.llt 'llf 11' fl! .
4. L 3
1.
(4, 1. 25)
24 l Ji!l!iJ Ill( 31'.W;i:Jt!!Jl.l 'P~W:!'J-1'-1"*2-J!:. MT iii
1J1 lf.t _ia iJill jl
tr~ ilt jJ '!' '/' , Hilt at 'f" i!f t\ ill! lE ii. :J\7 , #
8'J Hilt riiJ riiJ lfll ill li'J :it l'l. ft !\It 1*J - ,f,\ M'
<x' ,y' J!ZA.lt:ll:W: jj;, 1'1*!RJ<7 av ,lll(Jlt:J\7 om~ pl!V. fill #il't~J t- r Z 1!1r'litZl2i J;.( .11.f.\ M' J;.\
J>rllrt:ttA.mi: 1o1:. !!!iWlk. i'if J:ittA.1xJ</l!ll m,~~ fl<il!at'I" fill.\\\ a:. !iHiJ J!l. i!i!ll lllt >t~
)il;:i( ti !Z Jlfii]' # jf Ji! 11Ji'S1 t\ ill! fi'J !); fj1J
'fill#~ Ji!'!CRtk'I" itii Jt!!Jl.l. tti!ttU!! 1. 2. 4 '!'; PJ1l, X'l'f Ill "T !Eliililt1* It!ft .!if !Eil iil!l<ft'k:
.~\. PPJ!:(!, 2. IO)E!fff-, l:!il Jll;,'k;f !EiJ p(x,y.t) !'Jlf'li!:/fll! HJ1k1' Jlt'k; f\i'!ft p(x,y,t) !'Jtl!
ll1J %5'\li'J :!fill. JjJf I~ 'k: 'f !!l !ft p(x. y ,, J 8'J iElWl'iiJ !!!il'iiJ1' lltimciliJ!:,
t -
r~0
!Jp +tip= l_ ap,

ax
Jy 2
(4. 1. 26)
x at
p(x-=,y-= 1 t) = p,,
p(x,y,t = r) =
(4. !. 27)
;(.\\( M'
p.,
\ =,
~JJ>f
(4. !.
tr.\\\ M' !'L
JilJW,ll! 3. 6. 4 i\'JjlfJJ'.IElWl'iiJ!!!i!'J"'f'i';fliijjl;l,!,J!:(4. J.
26)-(4.].
28)
28JillJ1'iltimfil!ffl<l'iiJ
l!9i'
. ~ + ~ + 8(:r { p(.r,y,t) ""p;,
x' ,y - y' ,t - r) =
(.:r,_y) _. oc,t
?.
~lfjij ,t > 0
(4. 1. 29)
(4. 1. 30)
!El!. 8-Jili ill<!'J:ll:Jlill!Hl'.il':ll:!'J fliJ'll'. , H.i! <4. !. 29 >'i' 8 ""Cr, y .t) ?.1-1'11':11:8') 8 iii'll'. .)l;Jll:
ffiJ J</ [L - 'T- '] , 1"Jfl! 3. 4 1'IJi["l ;l !'Jill, JJ-1(J!!! /.!; 1~ !If Iii :>It ili :lt\i' !ft iiii 'll'. i:l: 'I'. ;f tr;ll: i1! ffj;f
"11ffi!-I!< jjij ][~'1' ili i'J l:iEllill'iiJ l!!lli'Jll!o~'
P(x.y,t)
p1 + t
=. .
~ rexp[ S:P.. ;4f~;;T:::.~;' .::.2.'..?.~J
*
*
*'
(4.1. 31)
ij'
8'J 1~ ~ fil:lll:i'flll' 8'J JiHl!liC1"'i,i;ff Ill -ll! at rAJ 8'J i1f JI!.
at~l!l" - "'11 j!{! Ill :Jl:Jiij;:A 8'J rollillt ~ ,!il l!!itiiEfli'l >l: C4. J , 31 l II'< Ill' JE :lr'lll !& ~11t li! JI ii< ('f >l:
9' 1' #; li! jtt A , 1': lliti!c'f l!A lit 8'J rJ', rl!f lill! li!il:-1'- ,Ii\ jtt A.
j\1111! ii'iJ!il!l'., '*lili .\\\ M (x .y JEj'OJIJ'i. M' <x' , y' l Z i\lJ 8'J llelll> J1 ,, GP 1'
r' = (.x - .x')l + (y ~ y')1.
(4. 1. 32)
ll! ml lit \f 'l!llilOll! ,f t >' if :II! at ~J , Cill fl!Jlll !l!l fr ml <!' iJ1i {;j: 8'J ml litII! tt@:JJ
P J: iii"-" lll!lf. i!lli& .l\t ll!! ff Ill
* *
8m =
J:'[ <ii - p,JnlO<lr
(4. !. 33)
(4. L 34)
(4. !. 35)
1':All:<4. L 34l,Wl1'
(4. 1. 36)
di Jitli! ill ;ii!/11 A =!'ml 4.;x. le 'i':f\:;Al'i: <4. !. 31) ,Jll:J8!lllllilll>t .\\\ llil'l.\tifJ !i'f!lr P.'h
-
p(x,y,t) = P1
Sm
[
+ 4 ~i6X(t
_<)exp -
(x
:c1)~+ (y
X(t _ t')
y1)'J
(4.1. 37)
l'l' ~J Ill 11! tf!: .!i; B1;1J z /Ill 8'J ~ft~o!\ (!, 2. 1ol , p- p,= p,c1 (p- p, J11.(bl. Sm= p,av, ,,i: ( 4. L 37 J
llJ 1lc '.!ii ht
(4. I. 38)
ll:; ( 4, !. 38) lltli!:i!ll B>j ,;\t ii!lfli'la<J ll$;1J Jll!l!;ll:;, j9; 1n) ii'il)!, il'f ;( ;li;[S&;k'f i!ii 11' l1, f~ Jllt ;( ,\\\ M'
<x' .y' l ~ llibu--t-EE;IJ hi 1'i' , mH:E-li'J ,;\t M <x ,y J~ 8'J J31;1J ~iii l: ll!!JI 1'115l' iL
tm JI! ;;r; Ji!,11 AiJ1i {;j: i!HB!Hll iJ1i {;j: ap fr lilt <!' ll!tu--t-fit 8'J av 'm~ :ffilll B>j ,;\t j[ EE;IJ !ff
(4.1.39)
4. L 4
'-J !Iii JI ~ ~ !i\i l!i!
l: - 1), 11'PJiltii>: l'J JlHll at t< If fill, f '!); flii(Jil; !\UiJ l\!! <!' ,Ii. Ji!H.l.Jl1' ~ it~J 7f iii 1"'~ -!!<at illJ
'1Hr Ii A J!ltJIH!J , fF Ji X< If fl; Ji F\'@: t.\ If fli 'f :Ir '!IJ , lt!J'l.i!<f'f l'll f.iJ lit i!<f'f il\IJi!: i!i<ft 8'J 1': i1'1 !ff
fH11 J:l'U 'i!r.11: llJ JI.( JiHr~Jm. :/l'Nfitii>: 8'J .;\t il!lf M' <x' y' >~b\ i~" Cil! 11!'1lil "~ oJl;fi,i;
JJ r, ::f'i!JittA :I'!1'!.Ul.Jlll!lrll!!ll! l!f ;r $1'R!ltt '1 q<cJ , m~ "1'.!il ht
(4. 1. 40)
154
~i!liff!l (4. l. 38) ,i&f!ln;J r
.
p(x,y,t)
~ (4. !.
P1
R <, l'IJ r, 1'l?tllt ill t.1'.,\( if i'J J.EjJ Ill

1 f"~
+ 4trfci'X
, t _ t'exp
Cx-x')'+
i)
dr
X(t (y-/)'J
4
(4, 1. 41)
41 l :&t.1' iii. ilf l!l i'J -R!!.. :it~ . i!!r !A lJI\ I*l*!JUlfl U<t rr;J 'l' l!fiY:it , ~ij li): '.itlll if~.,,\(
if q(rlJJffi:ll:lil:lll~J!i.ilf,
Tilliltli>;.!!ilf~.\\\m. i:!iiJ :frJJil'i#ti!'~, Jl'-f+ti!l~R.:;J<IEi'EtEAl!llVJ' !'JJ.E:fJJ}
;ffi, i:!i!I iii. if M' M:lli:fl 'l'l!fi J:: lT. :ti r IE:/E!!Hll , ~ti JijJ 'l'l!fil'flf., li):JJflf. :flflf.1\1'.. lll=f+til'
~:lilillflC Ii'!lll'll i!li<lJ '" :;)< r, N Jfii'J !JijJ)Jo:iii'. Xt ril'A, i!' Jl:Fu iii. iW M' M:J.EjJ 'l'l!fir~, i>l<
J1 Ji.:!Jl!l'ill<. Mr*ill ,i!' Jl:.18 ,,\\ lC M' M:lli:fl 'l'l!fillll lT, l>l< JJ lli:fll9iJL
Ji :t.J-ii ,itf't!oi"'1t< ,I:\ JC) , i'E~ (.!. !. 41l 'I' 4- r, ~ 0, r, ~t ,q( r) JJ !il :I: .ll.l!'X fl\<},
~1)~(4. !. 41l!'lillt'.!i'lit
'
-- u-ridr
(4. !. 42)
r2
ri
(4.1. 43)
r)' dr = 4Xuidu
4X(t
(4. !. 44)
p(x,,y,t) = p,
~JtJt!lli JJ JJ
h. F:ll: Q-h ,;cr x-KI,,, !l!J xi:< 4. 1. 40 liJ'li litlli:IJflf.lll9!if.l!l!l!J xi:

P(:c,y,t) = P1
Jlt~ !;~ (4.
+ 4 ~jfhEi(-
;;1 )
(4.1. 45)
t. 24) 19 lfi~ll!:i;;l!J [aJ , !;'!! Ei ( - Iu I J<O <11'.~ilt A2) , !11'11' t il!l.lfl:k, p(x, y, tl
mi: 'l'llfiflf.11. i!!r:&ll'A. Jt. mu lli.n J:: :lT*:it~.JJ
1 ,. I
Q
p(:c,y,t) - p; - 4irKhEt
- 4Xt
(4. 1. 46)
!li:t.J ~-- Jt-t'f 'l:i"'Jt, :/E~ (4. !. 41) 'i' 4- r, - o, r, =t, (1, JJ ,\':< iC~i,l';a~ (iJ, ,Jtli): !JoJ"'
il'tl'iJ) ,q( r) ~ -q. t<J!ll '.it1*~ ( 4, 1. 43) 'mu 1'
(4. J. 46)
x-t r~ <4. !. 46>'i' 19 llll1'l Iii 'filii1'l' ,~ Jl'X ;!; 'i' Ji!;-llU} A'! ;<i oo , ~tl ii.1' ~ ?t:li!:ifJ<: ~ !'J 'f :li!::i!:
( 4. ]. 46) iiJilltli /!\\
p(x,y,t) = p, -
4- t- t' ~ /;t """"
**
i7:'Q 1i [f"~ - f" ..i

tr
XI
,r(1-1 )
1
i-
~--du
U
(4. !. 47)
ll\ Fa!ii\Ei 19 i!I (iJ ' ~tl 111!IiiJjit(;![f!l19 *:it~
p(:c,y,t) -
Pi+
4~Rh[Ei( -
;;t) ~ Ei(- 4~~) J
::lJ1AJt, J::'ll: 'i' Q'.i!:JJ-Q, NP 111 Ji:t.J:llOtl!l!'J *:it~.
(4. 1. 48)
155
4. 2 ':!311t~~~iliit
IE 4. !. 4 1' 9'1Jf 'fi: T jJilJl li'Jl\l'i:!IHI !: , !)); PP iE F :I: li'1 ti: F *111'Jii !E!l; flj( 'Ei"'i'i !519' F
:l:ll!!i! at riJ :'!!:it i<J. i;!J tm w'!ii ttF lf ill F:t:11! /iii, f!l. 11!1'1! gt f'il' r T J<J J1t. 1' Bi ;ri:
c4. L 4 ll II: llt. Hlt:ff;lf.:J!'l!il!fl\l'i;j;AUJl!li'J1Wll!'.

Q
i" Q 11et1DJ, ffa!llH<dl!t

J!tJ!t- r:i 'EF*, !ll'!1-l'ltati'iJOOl ll: -1-Vli. :I: ,:ft/ff~ II: Q-1 li'J Ill! !ill. !E'!l<lii<lt'.ll' 9' ,'l'
*iKIM .\\\Ct ,QJJiJlitolli'f1!ill!llt, im Ill 4. 1 PJiffi. PP !ll!IT!ill:l\:ffi ,!1f t;; .\\\J<J <1, = O, Q,J. (1,.
Q, l ,. .. , (t, .. ,.Q.. , l , < ,Q(tl Jllli: C1,.Q,l !ITi'll .\\\1i:'*!Elll! !ill lll!$~*1'1 !!!'ft. ;!'I; 9', TllF p ~!'ltll!' JI! EE JJ f'il\ i\t'. , PP >It !'111 l!E'E
Fli'Jff ;l!:atl;IJ t li'1Bi:IJ1'!ilil'i:. ~= #tf%J;,!E:IJ1"',I(, PP !J<i'll t= t, at~tltlf' !'A Iii t= 1, + ~P
ff ;l!:at !<JJ li'1 !E:IJ :ll:ilil'i:. Too "1lltllltfi'itlt:.
111 . ,
4. 2.1
~Fe\Jffi1Jlll!1!
iltVli. :1: ~at 11 !'! '.!l' 11: 1111 !ill m " -t-1l!ill llt!llJllt li'111T ill! 1'! m 11\l iE ;lf<it'll'.at riil ' -,Iii mr ati;i1
tli'1Ff.:!J, "'~J1-1i'!illlltli'Jl\4$;/ab,,PPfi'Q=Q 1 b1(,-t,). j=O,J,. ... ,,-1, T';li!x\:
( 4. !. 41) lif'.!il )lit
exp[
= p, -
(.x-x')2+(y-y')2J
4X(t-r)
dr
~
~
4KKhl
!'"I
---....
[f''
,-)
Q,_, t+- b1-,l1-;

r
f'
';-1
~]
t- r
-----------,,--~
[f'
.
,,_,
Q.~, + b.~''"~'
t -
-f'
'-I
b.~'] Lxp[
t -
(x -
x'l' + (y -y'l'Jdr
4X(t - r)
r ["
.
(4. 2. 1)
l'. 31: '\' xt 41i'-i!\llii! il'J IQ?)'?)' !lit i!'illJl, ;lit;'\' l!!-Jlll il'J ?)''f Q,~, +b,~,t;~, :!!<'lit~ (j ~I , 2, ... ,
"-1) , "f jl!JlJ IQ?)'<j-l<f, IQjt!i!i Jl!:!!<il; t-'lit~Jli! !il 31: (4. 1. 47) Jilt (4. L 48) il'J Jfj 31:, ;l!t;'f' , $1!:::
lJli:!I<
[Ei(- 4X(t ,.i t,-1))- Ei(- 4X(tr
4 X(tr~ t,.))}
- b,_ 1 Ct - t 1 )exp( -
+ ~ ( Q,,_ 1 + h.-it.-
h,-1t - h.-i
1 -
- b,_ 1 (t - t.- 1 )exp[ - 4X(t
~~) Ei[ - 4X(t
=~ f,ffi,) J}
t._
J
(4. 2. 2)
'Iii F :11.!i! i> !It 31:'.ltlt , jj'J !nl , tE ~ F 9' ilillt.l':l!< if P ff'.l llli 'lll l.i! i!<J '.I!: l9' F II: ;lit;F I; xt i!<J f1il ill! !II
Q
' -Q~ ----~'

Q . 1
Q,
'''
'
----------~-----,
''
''
''
----L------L-----+-'-~
I
I
I
I (Q
)
I
l
l
I
'I
-----1-------1------1-----+-+-,
t
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~
t
I
I
t.-i
t,-1
t,
I
1
I
I
Ill"' ,.. o"lli!~ilt;tRI<
ftp IE 4. 2 Ji!fff,, WJ b, - o <J-1, 2 ,. .,.,J . 'f:!!<'ll:< 4. 2. 2) fl!Ht~
(4. 2. 3)
157
l'E!&;l; :!<!If, "11119'. iii lit !ll-3'i'li1-:Ei:!il<ll!litJTJ T , llf'.!f ~ ,'t 'f ff :it.*1flil< ml't <4. 2. 2ljlj
:rch IIQ, - b,, - h, ;~) Eii - :X,J- b,texp( - ;;,1 J. ~~, < ,,
{
- 4:rch((Q -b t-b,;:)[Ei(-:X,)-Ei(- 4 X(t,~i,)]
- b texp( - :;t) + b~(t )exp[ 4X(tr~ ti)]}
(4.2.4)
- 4~h{( Q + b t bit- bi ~~)Ei[ - 4 X(tr~
-
p, - pcx.y,t)=
t1
1 1 -
11
)]
47i(t'..~--t--;:-J]} ~~t<t2
b1(t ..., tJ)exp[-
~F~B!:t.Jf9il:
4. 2. 2
lllll'El~filff :it.'ll'Flltlil'l!U13 ffiJJ\;i.,l, RP 'EFT
at fill t, l!l Fw ;II; ill Bl!<IJ (fJ !liJJ if>llil'W
1iJ!litJ "1!jl6: (fJ JK!iJU l*llll J'E:;t(4. 2. D 9' ~ , CD!l!Yt: fl' Rl a;t lilJ 1"' '" ~ o'llJ ' - t,, IJf V.J l't 9' :l!!Fw1-IR:lt(f] J:lli 11 , i!l:~ '" ll'irJ!:(f];;; ,, +ill at~ (fJ !EJJ <lt 9' t>t ;;; ff :it.1!!il ~ml fiJf "1111'
!J1Jlj~:lt~9'(f] t Ji!! 1,+ill, lP i>t, ii!~;!! t>- .i~-JI!;. :;t <4. 2. 1J 9'Jiifi-lllilft:ltfli'~
Q~-1
it
,,_
-b. i ( r -
t.-1)
~~~~-~.exp
t -
--[Q, .. ,
(x -
x 1) 2
+ (y-y
1 8
)
4X(t - r)
-d r
H
-h,.,(t-t,..,)][Ei(- 4X(t r' t,_,))-Ei(- 4X(,'~,,))]

(4. 2. 5)
p(:c,y,t)= p,
+ 4 Kh2::
:ir
1~1 -
Q,_ 1 -
( t - t 1-1)b,-1
b,_ 1
'x J
t
. [Ei(- 4X(t -" t,-\) )- Ei(- 4X(t"- )J

4 :~ht[br-1(t-t1 1)exp1:- 4X(t:t,-i)l
ti)
..
- bi-1<t- tJ)exp(
4-x(i!::.t~s) J
(4. 2. 7)
158
,JI; 9' ,t, - O.r. ~ r,, t ~ t, +lit, Mr i"' :IJJ!i Hl lilJ !il; t'1 ~ Jl:: :'Jl'{I'.; ( jp ?Ii ill$ Villi l f\l'JB, b1 ~ OCj
~ 1. 2, , nl ,Q,_, illi:i!t Q, <l~llt IE 4. 1. IE 4. 21lJ' 1'11 J. Eli l'1 :ii' lilt:li !E;iJ!\l(Ji!:flll :1J
p(x,y,t) =
p,.
+ 4~h ~Q1 { Ei[ -
4X(t r1 t,_,) ] - Ei[ - 4X(tri t,)
J}
(4. 2. 8)
fE 4. I 1'i 9' Ii' 1IJ T jJ! i"':llt 4f !ill JI' !E :fJ i!l<ii fill (4. !. 45l l1l !E ;iJ !\!(;![fill ( 4. !. 48 l 4. 2 1'i 9'
.X. Ii' 1IJ T tE 11: :ll' i"' :lit if 1f lB fl! !E ;iJ ~ii fill <4. 2. 2l l1l !E iJ :ll: fill c4. 2. 7l 1'1 bl $lilt :Ii ii<J Bi ;iJ
fill, i!@flllitt 1IJ T ltl!.'l! 9' if ;t. ll\ttiJ fl! !EJJ jj-1);, 12: ill~'il':li'f ll\jl-filii 'Mt Ei <-u JlJJi l1l ~'Mt Iii 'Mt
e -JJIL '"l u i'!!llt !JIP d!!llt:kll\t, EiC - u J1l]' ffl !nu+ Y ilt!N'li<.if- Ui!.llitl!!: AZ) , lffi e ''li]' Ill I - u
i1t i!'l'li<if\ !ZHJ.:!:!\l!Jli'il'litl:Jll!Fu , if Jill !EiJ p. #f-'ill\tlnl ll<it fiiJ ii<J;ll~ lil:fE 't!!\'."12 ~J; IJHi!A\
tt'JC I\ . .IA ilil!il!:fu@ :o-m i>l:4f ii<Jlli! i8li!ir~ , lt#f fE 4. 1 11' 9't'l!llli8i, ~ ljl,'lf 1'f o 987, 1gssa,
1989b).
Xtr ffijJ ii<Jit)I:' ;If at A Ill ;\f fll l(!j@Jil,. #f IM: ll: '.!!' ltiM If *'17di'Jfl\'JB1ll,. II= ii! lilt lit itl:Jll!.
ip t; -llt at rWJ B'J l!hti"'ll:li'i l'1 atrni fF;lt j;J!!il :lll:UI!. \:!:~tr Bi:1J*:ll:fll'JI' itltll'J!lill>i!i!li' er; it
:k:k , f!!~'f EEJJ 111<1-litlfJI' i!i!li'!iti~:k T l:!:Ji!:lll ;\t BiJJ ~1/f ;ll\itl!'J'i' IE 1'E'ti"' ll\tii<J !EiJ M
int :1:11< 14'!:\!!. ilil JliJ11:1i!:Jl'dt:ll'')i:Jf IC.( lfi(J<J !E;iJ , IN'!'- MIM: lll:!f_ii<J" le iZ" E Jlllli!l!*I! T
Jellll:kl:&~lft~i[j}:fll
4. 3
1111 i!'l l'i iii!~ T 3t ~:k!tl!ll! 9' .\\\ llil roJ I!! Xff- !t\11'1 1i1 Jl :!11 B'J 1fJeiilf lll!lilf ~ill! lC 8'J ~!:ii: 5t
1ii .i:1:1lJ l'1)ll'il:c4. 1. 39 J!/\:i.G fl! ~i>j .\\\ illtflll ,t!f:l!:jj-1fi B: ii<J 'i!rnJ :il':lll:i11:1'T*R5Yiffi!l<1~ .1!' T 3t
llli:X 'F Jlii 9' fl! fill , ~~ M~!1!'1'!" ii'.J!I Jl!.fll'JB 1lJ!!l illW-1$; oJ< fill ilil'll' T 41-i'!'-!1 tit% fl! fill l'1 Iii ~t
'f Jl!lU\1' fl! $!1 "1l !I!, 1lJJ!j Ji'Z)jj 3. 2. 4 1'i 9' E!fifi'J Newmn ~j!(lll(Jll!;JO:l!; fill.'!!', ;!; Jit:ij;: 11 lilf
;< 3t ~ 'f Jlii <!' ii<) ]\[IA\ llil >Rill'illt 1!11 "1 illt l11 l!ll Jlii If: '
4' 3 ' 1
;IC illl :;!;: 2jS ilii c:fJ .. ~ ii
3t '!l:k 'I' lli 9' i:J3<illtlif l'11i II= Ji!:'Jf.llli'S! i'iiJD'J 'f JliiliL iilfE t ~ r ~atlfr ll:!A\ x ~ x, fl! ili-fi1
: Jrl:* 1IJ lll'Jil: ;\t d.>o 12: Ji!;.::::i:JIJJ' Jil:. IJlll'!>R Jl:J3< x~x. fl! Villi:
f~"" dsdy =do

Ji!:-i!IJJ> Jil:. "t Ill d, M! y "![It ii<J-!l!tfll'JB , 1'0'\ C4.
f'
-< )
I
P x,t = p; - 4trtficX(t r) .1~
"'
!.
(4. 3, 1)
39 l xt y !J<Jtiti ti; l!itHti:!A\lJlilD'J ffi)J ;\t
d. ')
[
sly exp -
(x-x.l'+
(y-y'J'Ja,
4X(t r)
(4. 3. 2)
'j.(.x,t) = p,.
(4. 3. 3)
(4. 3. 4)
I 59
P<x,t)
~:=:'."]:)'.]
p, - ds exp[ k:
(4. 3. 5)
/ 41t"X(t - )
xt'f illllt:Rat 1'"1 1= o 1J ff ~at~J 1 fl'Jj;!/ll!;/J!l. El d, %S1flllfi 5i:fl'J-!llttlll%, 4ds(r)
~dr = q 1 (r)dr
(4.3.6)
(4. 3. 7)
4. 3. 2
;re ll1i! ;;I;: zis i!ii cp
'"* lJJ
7i'Jli! 'f jij "'ill:l\Y illl!!t Jlk;l(; RI. !:! [ij 'i' !Jilii ilf , 'l'i i1ll!t
;/ff 13:~::!7 J!:!l!'.::!7 x, !'! X.'11
CD~ X.'1'!5! fill 9' !JOC ::!/ x.
!'lilii it IE~l :it 9' .<\\ x = x., !moo 4. 3, ll.J!.i!rJ!:!l!'.'1<11!' 12t
~iE t~ r lllll>tf" t!Hll:ilt::!/ di, :It 9' .di =d,/dx ::!/ ;l(;Jll:!fillll:,
**111'
m1Joo>t<. 3. 5l:<t'.!tlll: ,. R
.r.+.,,;2 J1i"IT!!\7l-
x.-.r,12 'ill
!i< tJj lllll>t 51<1\Yilllit:f!if
t4. 3, 8)
'l'f di -';' x X.*, mUl:>l:;!J(jt !'Jl/i!l! l!f Ill ~li; li!i lll: <">i<ill!lt!!\Jt lerf<xl ~;1' <11!. ~ Ji1" A3 l
di{
[.xi+
p(x,t) = p, - Z{< er! ..2
(x -
./4X(t
xw)]
)l}
- (x - x..
+ erf [Xi
~2~~=.c
./4X(t
r)
(4. 3. 9)
r)
:xt'f ll>t fij !A. 0 'ill t i!'lj;!/!;!i;*'l!rilll. tE:*!'ilJ
I::/(1-
r)dr =
I:~:f(r')d(- r) - J:t(r)dr
:lt'i', ll!-1-i!l''itjjl;ftJ!!:it'!l'jll, 1-r=r', ITTIJll>
x,
2~J,_~{erf [2
d/
p(x,t) = p, -
4. 3 . 3
+ (X -
/i!XT "'
+ erf [x'2
(.x -
(4. 3. 10)
x.)l L,
./4;fr
(4. 3. 11)
;re llfi! ;;I;: zis i!ii cp Ill Jl!ll ..
;lG '11 '!' l!f 'i' 1111 Ji!J i1ll i!!,l!!:Jl!:;l(; 5! fljJ "' llll 1\1lilll !)!: iE t = r 111191 ' 't'.f?. ;IJ r, 1!11Ji!Jl:1ji. {\'[
l/11. !k ds = ,-,dff l:i"' tJj l!E l;;lg d>(/i'J, iCJ!i .\\\ M (r, 8).jUlJ:.\\\ M' (r,. & ) fl'Jllkf!l Jl"~IJ ::!/ 8 .jU ff , W:
i"i .\\\ llil 1' 1*1 "'1

(4. 3. 12)
'--------------~------------,,
160
Wt~ 4. 4
Jilfil<.
91 i'\ ('. 1. ' ' Jxt ll'f1' 111 JWJ J1Hr1lUJ-!itil: ill 111111 Jll lll\ l1I
-( () ) -f
~
Pr, ,t - p,
1
'
d.r({J')ro
4n:<ficX(t - r)exp
ll'=o
[ - rri
+ rz 2r rcos({1 fJ)]dB'
0
4.X(t - r)
(4. 3. 13)
M
M'
r,
111 "I: Pit<; 'I' illi r
(4. 3. 14)
;ti;'!' Jll Jlj cl~ 2,,r,d, J!<'llf 1' Ill JWI 1: iJJBl!Jlt 1': i'JJll:;pj :% [L']' ti bl. lo (z) S'J:f'R:fr:<!lti'\ (1\1. ffl
Ji!' A2. 7)
l~(z)
2 irJ:""e""'~do
(4. 3. 15)
:l\'W:iC fji Ill a;/ rm M. 0 ~J t ,.qlfl'LJJ Jll:J1!!.'l\!lllllllllt:% q( r)' ~p

d
Q(r)
dtdr = q(r)dr = hdr
(4. 3. 16!
miJi'\ (.L 3. 14) X'i'lltli<Jlf(:fr!I; lli J\\'~!liffi;IJ l1i

p(r,t) = p, -
_e_f'
Q(r)
,;+.' [
rr
41(Kh -~ t - ,e-xlt-r)[" 2X(t ~ r) dr

(4.3.17)
7C PH 7\ 2!i iilii cp II iilii ii

36 m:k '!"ill! 'I' 1111llif1111'. IE\lt Jl'i 3G Al 'l! rOJ 'I' 1!11 l't WL :lf J! 3G m:k '!"ill! 'I' -'1:1'::11 r. 8'J 111% 3:Jit
4. 3. 4
'!'f[;iiC;fr W, mti;it illlltii ffi:t.Jli'f"f 91 i'\ (4. 3. 14 ! X<J';lt 'I'

Pcr,t) = P1 ---
'" ~i M. o ~J r. l!!fi:f'R:fr!I; ili .Pp
zkx-(I-=--:r5f~"-odl(r')r'e-!xii.'.:,;sI0[2x<;-7:'. . r)]dr'
(4. 3. 18)
fji 'll' :lit 'll'1" ' 4'

r' 1
ri
r'
u' uu ..
,du'
- 4X(t - r)' - 4X(t
r)' "' - 4X(t ---- r)
r 1dr'
2X(t
r)
~=-~
(4. 3. 19)
:l'ill!lll!llt di l:j ' JC')C ' ITTIJ'i'\ ( 4. 3. 18) iili!!('J'i lilt
P<r,t)
EE ~Ji!' (BS. 3 )fa (B9. 2) 1'i
*"'ii:;
p, -
1
,...~:e-J"~ e-~10( 2 ~)du
~ -~
(4. 3. 20)
161
I,( 2 .;;;;;r) ~ .J,( -
i2
.;;;;;r) ~ 2~L+'f ".'.'
(4.3.21)
'ilfJ:ltftA.iJ:(4.3.20)ill
j)(r,t)
= p; -
die- ~f e[f~ e-~'+~du']dv
2mc
i<:
(4. 3. 22)
:It 'I' ,c Jl!d:i ll: '!' f;, il'J 1M1 ill il: 'I' ,:ffJ'li"t Pl il'J f!l ?l' 1iJ .i!ilfi1if Lil , ft 1ID it <4. 3. 20 >ill
-(
pu,t =P1
Zni f
dl - 1
ce
+U,.
~-V::Ue
"d
r v v-uv dv
v-cZnie --~"'Jc
d1 1
4.3.23 )
i!: ll>. ~>lt'!l':l::l!'l!/! (4. 3. 19) l!.l!il', 'ilf l!(*lt r il'J:\Jl?l'~!ill:l'/ u il'J :fi)\j)'. l'I: (4. 3. 23) qt '' Jl\~f
Iii!' f " il'J!Jl?l':l!'Jll!itlMlill c J:ff.111!, 'l'J Ill IQ# IID lit c il'J ff ll!tt. ll< ffl or1t !ill:~ l'i1!fJ!Ht:ll'l'I:
(4. 3. 23)'!'ff.11'!l%.
lll-fl!l11m, it:ll' ll!l k!.l!l.l!.l7~ff- .... ff.I Bi:1.J. X't Jlt r;;,,,. ,u;;;,u.. l!itf!l# IID JI/! c 1'Ell!lk!.iiJ
Pl f!I ilf 1'!l%:!!':1: v<u. "fi!!.t <4. 3. 23l,iillldlll-1"1J\1t il'Jllt.!IU!l '!!:1' C pg i!!llfll'J , f!lJt :l\1
, ~f,jj"Jlllit:::: i"!Qj)', 1iJ'ilf ll (v-u) ll!!!ill:1i!'l:&'ll:
(4. 3. 24)
(4. 3. 25)
(4. 3, 26)
(4.3.27)
(4. 3. 28)
(4. 3. 29)
(4. 3. 30)
(4.3.31)
162
-----------------~
(4, 3. 32)
~ '>'\ c4.
3. 30 >fll c4. 3. 32lf't1ii1'>'\c4. 3. 23 l , NP 11Hlletl!ll iliiilXtill\lC II Pl llllff- .I:\ ill"' fl'1 IIJJ
"h
p(u.t)
~p,- ~[1 _,~(;J'1.(,J::I]
(4. 3. 33)
Jllt Ill IS '!\::II: Cr .t Hl!m 1lil '.ey JiZ

P<r,t) =P1+
!:!:i{e-.{,~!,J~(;,.)J1![zx<;w_:_i-)J
r
P(r,t-+oo)
=p,+
i}
< r.
(4, 3.
d~.1."(e-tfl:_.-:lf:(.!:.)'kl(
(r.,r
~-o r.,
! . 2X t
ltr,,, 'FL
))'
34)
-1)
(4, 3. 35)
r<r..,
fl'l[~itlJf.jtl!~tftMiC'lt;ffi
4. 4
Mi' I\'! i;i; ill\ ~ l:'>'\ :it:llUI! =>Ji Jt et fOJ ~ ?t lt!it ili Biil '*llf lllt l!iil l&i:l fl'1 !Ii !!lo ,
1i' T ~" 1: JL 1'1' 71'~ :kll!lfi! 'I' ftJ Bi.11 fl!! lit 'TN J!t-!l' li1f 'Ii'. lit" <i' I~ ill Jll tit:IE' ftJ!li !!lo
ilirili JL 1l'!lt ili T >C~:k 11' ilifl'1.0: M!111fll I~Ml!lf .xt'f1i' I~ill Jll ll!lfi! 'I' fl'1ill\ il::lt;/Jl. i'iJ'
I!! !l!fg(!Jii!3 B !1lllijJ 3': 'I" iii , ~ill lit 31< ~ lll! ll: :it lJtfg( fJ'14!-1'!1111! tu ml JiE ,ltJI\ flt fnJjf!lf (J'J fli! ,
JlJl JI'= 'I' l!f l , )(ti' 'f' i! JI( l!l Jll ii! lit II 15 31< ~ II !ill -if 1 xt 'f il! Bi: l!l J'1. , ii! fg( IP: Ej 31< ~ lll!
#-if,
4, 4. 1
~lf~Jtl!ficp.l.~J!R
<;'JI! 'I" i1L<'11l'lli' J;(l!j\. il'i l!ll!lJll?t~IJifti' x- o fll x- x,. MlC fl'l i' x-x., JlJl 11 4. s !!Ji7F ,
'.!lf>l<'.if if.liii ,I:\ x :l'.l:fl'1 !!\11
Xt'f2:1'1'*'iflllil 13:1!1. or ?t"h co#;f fill (tJ l!lJll l!! if. RP

il*i 1111"1 f~L i!lilllil il! II fll l!il il"l!l Jll , 2'.ll!IJf lJI. fJ'1 Iii\ il"l!lJll JI\ 1i
-1111"1 flHl -Ill! Ji! Bi fl'1 ill Jll l!!it . )JI! f VJ l'ii 11\t "1 fll tf lli' fr
i1'!ill?Hfr.
If!!liil!fg(!l(!!!! ' /iii 1;' fl'1 ii!!$! lll! tc;; :ii; f>j(jjl( i[ !ill% ' :it ill"
'lltjg
_,. =
I,
+ x. fll 2nx. -
llt/ilf<f'llH!:
.111t >C "'11' iii 'I' J: ~ lll! FtJ ;a* <4. , . 5 > :ii; !IF W:fll ii! fg(
111G11 tr A :bJl il't ili
2nx,
* *
x.,n
163
e..
I: .. (2"'<, .. ~.. J]i,

ti-r)
.I
(4. 4. !)
~ fll !El:!: l'i' ill B>IW: IC Bi;IJ ll! ~ J> IS It U ii: ii . b\l~JW J: iJ! , ff T i:l:1-!li l\iJ lli!lt:l!f. ill'!<
T. .:li'<i:l:fll li'J l!<l!il'l:lt:l!r.il!l*:;r;;;;~i!. *ll~OJ!H!l at r01 ' ~:katJl!JlHm Jlt. Ill ill Jr xt ;1:
( 4. 4. DJJO lU illi:lll:. ill!: lll: D'l Ef'Jll! ;ll',"'J Jll IS II! (Poiswn) :;JVlll 0 >!: (ill !Ill #I', 1'1 flil , '1\l- !!< fil*I/.
1981,lJ!
ss-so1)(J. NP
,1:,.f(<m)
~ .t_F(
2:1
(4. 4. 2)
1''1' ,Flit f i'J Fouder ~~.ap

(4. 4, 3)
f(y)
i.f:_F<M . "'dP
<4. 4. 4)
rillJ!'Jlll Poisson ll!>lfl0:<1: (4, 4. 2 l X'I <4. 4. Di1H'i'illi::ii. {;!: <4. 4. 1) <i', n D'J lllt ~ 2x.,
!:Jll !'I 'f 0:<1: <i' l.f.wft f i*J (!<J a. lllill '.l\'J!i! !lift F i*J (!<J p~ 2>=/a= m/ x .. ;I: (4. 4. 1) <j> Jr!1-r.1tlcl!li
(4. 4. 5)
(4.4. 6)
(4,4,7)
z = y - (.x - x.,) ,y
./ 4X<t
m~:<t<.
.111lJ:iillit
Fi (/j)
(x - x.)
+z
./4X(t
r)
r)
J:. e-~'
(4.4.8)
e"C nir.:.-i+<.t-ic..,.>J ./4X(t - r)dz
= ./4X(t
t) {e.P(ic-~,.i
f..,
e-' ei/1
J:.:i:(~ldz}
(4.4.9)
llE Fomie< 'll:l!if!ll! 1lJ '.Ill J:>l: <i'l!Htli'i*~
"'
f
_.,,, e e' ~~di:: =
t~J>-'li:;(4.4.
.:.
v~
tr e-l(-r)p
./'1(e- ., ..i1;,-)
~:
(4. 4. 10)
9)1'
FPI
= ./4X(t
r) [ cos
m1r(x -
x.
x .. )
. mtr(:r ....
+ .1s1n
.x.
(4.4.11)
(4. 4. 12)
164
(4. 4.13)
ll! ff] llli:!: #ill Btil!1 /C!E:iJ fi'lti< f; jjj l&-co Ill Bl 'It%;>\ 11 l1!. l!'i lil J: ?t lfi , iiJ :/!fi! ~jj\ ii! f'l ll!i li'J
11 Iii!!> !II! us !itlJ/Jl ,.,
I ) il!J!ifjj\~Jiji)li!Iil! 1J.! fill "f lil ii! +q c!il ll'"f ill! ii! -q (!) . 1\J\{l!l!t
2l Ji< .~UllBt !f!ti1!1fi'IJ!1ff~ Jm, !if tJj l1il&Pli l&%l't (!l~l&fi'I,
3 l .f!Jlll Poi~on '1tffi {} >'\ (4. 4. 2) :/!f jjjJ&ffi l&% j\(!lfi'lill('ey Jil!llll&-:::'Jil ffi l&J!\'<t(!lfi'I.
Ill.~ ~ f~ (!) 1f Iii 1lJ lil *if i!<i lit 5E ffi ffi i!<i lili!i! 1'1-11!% (!) ~~ l&-co Ill Pli '!!:% 3'11?t ~Ll f;
-(
p
-(
p x,t = p, -
. _
:c,tJ -
Zds ~
p,
_ 2ds ~
.1.-
.,,._x .,.,_ 1
[
~ L..lexp -
l""X,,.wi
L.Jexp
[- m 11i'X(t
x.2
r)
Jsin. mtrx.,. .
m'lrx
-sin~
:x,
x.
(4, 4. 14)
(2m - 1) 2 ,rX(t - r)J

(2m - l)rr,z-..
(2"1 - l)trx
cos
''"
4X,
2.X,
2X,
(4. 4. 15)
xt !IHif ffi !Kl>; ( O~x~x.) "'l!i:ii!Ul~fi'I ( 4. 4. 13) -
( 4. 4. 15)
ft J!1 $?tlfi ;ltml 'i:!: 1'fi'l'5ill::"'Ill :fr ~l':ll:/ti '1ti1' 8'J fi'I!!
-l!tft'J. i:!:lll li'J P!!:!!M'1ll (!) il' liE (ti'. , !l:lll (!) ::Ofi'I !ill l&:!!i: !! B~ 1ll
ll'Jil' liE !ill 'It :IE;;.: ( 4. 4. 13) <!' !ll'l&1!1f;;; tJj t 1 !'( 1Jl! if!;~ .ll!. 3. 1 "'
4. 4. 2
fl l;!Hl~ lt!l Ji i:p ~ m!
"ff /!!lfdif %13:~ i!<ili!J!I~i!l.T x= 0 ffi x=x,,
l!'.'ii!'ilJ'.i\!Jt
.f>J x;o :J1; .p J,\\ f; x., Jm I'll 4. 6 PJiii\, l'l.l:!ii:!:1' l'ilJ!l!i1lJ i!!J!if!l{g{Jii'Jll!
111
!II '' ;r.!11~16! "' ;!<iii'il 1e 1?: liJ'li JJJ !f:'f ilif. Jll'.1'J m4. 3. 2 1' .P :JG !l!l:k'I' ilif i*l l!'.w l!l( 11
( 4. 3. 8) i;lt (4. 3. 9) J!.l'if~JJU!;\ tJj , l1!.i151!1r- 1]'1J 1)3 !1'l fli $ lil!?f!lf:lllrf,
D 'lt{g{ ill! 'I' .<t\ ili {l!:ll'. {)J f; Zn.x, x,;
2 > xt 3C!l!l :k 'I' llif !f!-t"''ll!'ll(ll'Jfi'IJ!.ttr ~JJn, !f! -til<'ii!'ill!fi'I ai ;i: . 3. s>!iii:<' 3. 91iii1IJ
IJilil'I!
.r=O
.l'.,
x,
(4. 4. 16)
165
(4.4.17)
J:l'l:Jl;M y !R:fr:lff'J !fl :ll-l!: c4. 3. 4) , '1!+111J
P<x,t)
i: e-r~
~~ / _21
= p, -
x ...~-oo
'!"- \
. m:irx1
SIU
.. 2cr .. ,,e'~.. rf''~~,.~~f1~2cos/3,,,.x'd:r'
m:n:x.,
~"~,,-xvi
mtrxl
~e<>< ~-co ~
x,
2.r,
x,
(4. 4. 18)
(4. 4. 19)
(4. 4. 20)
p(x.t)~p,-dl:.;;c,
1 exp"-l2m-l)'n'X(t-r)J
1'c tt:~ 2m- l
_
4x!
cos
(2m -
l)tr:t., .
81Il
2x.
(2m -
l)Jrx1
4x.
cos
.(2m
l)iTX
2x.
(4. 4. 21)
4. 4. 3 ;i;: 111111'.t lJ i!Ei ~ll].I!

I!,( J:JL 11"'1<'1!+ T ol'iflllli! !i'J -!!l!tlti!lllllllltCll'I. ?\llilfl<< p, - plcl iJ !i'J ~JJ:J!J '1ili;$:11111
11tmtt. i!Jll iJ 19.fli dLd,,da ta dV. 'Clfl!i'ilt!lllll~J!J*lll:!i'J o, 1.2 ta 3 ~tr. J!JJ!i'fllltr
j),(J:JL91E!i'Jlllll11tmcasftf4.1.wTi!a*1111111tm~~!!l
Newman
iii! If( tr!!
*jt; Jilt;'!-1'fl ,!(,',II~ !Iii11\'i!' !i'J lilt
ii B ' 1A i1l J!J !iii
"I: IE 7f it!\' !fl l T ll:Ji! !i'J
~~~~.i!W~e-9~W~~~.
'll .1 l<*illlltilillillltiLl)'ll'
11'
'I
I
I
I
JtJ;!:~
ll;ll
f [P1-p(~,t) J, (~=x 41!;
llff[jf
<l!IWi>!
:.111;:
'Fllf
1111:
""'*
'I'll!
:!Ul!ll
X.111:*:
'Fllf
f.11'11:
~~
r)
'I
J/
e~ [ ~ ;;t i~x1
+[
~p[
(x-x,.)i
"'
(4.1. 19)
J/-Aq;
erf'!'.!!!Ez'!.?..,...W'f x1r1-~.~ .. )
(4.3.5)
(4.3.9)
166
-
li1~MH4
~!Wll!
!fl[j)
f{
xiii*
'I' iii
4irXtlo
;TG~:A:
Ill""'
""'
f{
JOJ!!!Wll!
Ji:~}c
'I' iii
!l<ll>J!J.
l:!l!!I:
4~
**%,
~ll!JfJ.
"1111!
"
~**
li!lli1JI!
!1<1111!
!>11!J!J.
mil-J.JiW-
;\\
.~
(4. 3. 26)
- -irJ(:z.,
000-
.~1
f; [
-Zf
x.
"'"'
(4. 4. 13)
.T,
(2n-l)'ir'Xt]
x. -1 e11p -
(4.3.35)
,.,
"
2 L;
( n'ir';(t) .
;;-; -l exp ----;rr ~!n
JICLE~J'I.
ffili1JI!
r,.r1
[P( -'h' I1f; I-'-)'1.( -1

-1].
2Xt
J [ +z;E exp (n'll"Xt)
wr.r]
x,
.xi
x,
_L
irii-
""'"
""'
J
lj.
l<!i!ill!
"'i>l!JJI!
(4. 3.14)
"""'
"
I -~
1+1
1~1
2Xt eAp
2: (
(~<r.,)
>lffili1JI!
01\:
%
r)
l
(rl-+rl
'1
'1' r -exp
- i-1
-r.,)
,,.,.;,
4Xt
r
,2;n,
Cr?:-r,.)
"
f{
'
l!lll!iill
'I' iii
[p,-p<t,t) J, <e=x ~
4.ri
,.,...r
2.r,
4x, ~ -exp
l
( -n'JrZXt)
J+-,
J.'t
(4. L 14)
7,
(2n-1)irxw
cos
Kx1 , "
"""-"~
---:x;-mn
Q:!.-!)ll"z
n'.ls
2.r,
Wl'Xf
""'"'"
mrx
11-000-000-
2x,
x,
:r:,
:E
tr'Xt) Mn-.,-=.
111'.r,. .
2z,
8 :E 1
[ C2n-l)'ir:xi]
7
2-lexp -
Ir ~1
~111
-exp -
I!
11ir.>1 .
llll"x
X<
X,
(211-llirx~
4.r,
2x,
- <XIII -
4. 5 Newman ~J!U;.!'j$Ul11Bllltiblilil'1!c
OOIJ
(4. 4. 19)
(4.4.2(l)
X,
4x~
(211-tlir;:n
(4.i.liil
(211-J)>ri'
(4.4.21)
2..,
~;j;f>!il'1!c
J: -ll''ffl lrJlilf '11'.7 ill''!' !f!tilli!> il'J '1!:1ltli iili lt. ~:Iii 1i1'4<'1!:1ltli iili lt, Jt-~ 1?: Ill ~J 'f ?/Ji.
4. 1, fl! l!!l'\ IE :1f $t cJ1 il'J ;Jl;;f!i\ l\iJll!i-M:Ji$llil'J, '4<11'f of!J!ll Newman iilM!\ltiifr llJ JI;" ;J':!jf f<i]
Ii il'J ll'IJ"I ill( E!l lt.
4. 5.1
Newm<!ll~fR)l
lt':irlti:ll!W!ll 'f:>J<.:::'.!1111.\#'1f f<i] Ii, Newman 0 936) b\l!I: ~J:iiEJl ,:ll'W!ll; llt"1Jl!E1'1'J
l4' .1: ill! l'i ;1J :itJi'! :fE 1t' !4'?/Ji. oo J:!lll\1 ml!"' 'll: mti Jtf'i' = !fl l4' J: il'J ill! Jt 1li liJ iii:J::::: -t It ill! 'l} 'Iii il'J iii "lJ!i!!ll:;)tffl., XtT M:il'J ltll'I' !ft('i, Carslaw and j"'ger (1959>It~7l&:1'
:If !ti il'J mz Ill Jil\mti ill'= -t--!11 r'l l\!i il'J ltll'I' Jrtit fll w!lli!rtf'f il'J ~Ill filH!l <'J ::::!t i"l l\!i iii "' il'J ltlW!i'< It :fll W!Iii !rt# . m~ Jt f'l>Jli! !ll 11'lltJi Jill it il'J
ib 'f !.'l\f~ 1l' fEl Ii .!iJ ~Vil fil l\!i ;( lt'l' J: il'J JI;~ ill' tt , Newman ~:fl( !ti~& kl *1\l!k lJ!U;lJ.Jll T $
!ll:l> lliflll iiil'J ll*atill(ll!ilt. Gcingan., and Ramey(l 97SJ!'!~T))\:1'1\iJ i1!i, aP-t $!11 llll!Nl:l!f
'ii fl' Ji\::::: :ii! =:1'-!t" l!!l iNl: .. il'J 1113C '"'-!f!,,::::: !t l!!l : il'J l!! Ji: , :it$ !II iJl!: iili lt Ji\ $1' -!f! iJl!:
iililtil'J~:f!(.~3C~5.A1'-llill'~il'JVil~g~~Jl\t-1'$!lVil~g~,A1'-llill'~il'JiJl!:
it: Jt 1li IK ~ Jl.t-1' $ !l il'J 'il it:Jt 1li IK 1ltl l'l';lH'iJVJ lb -llltll'l'!rti'i il'J Jill ill !!lf't iii llJ , rllif *~!
W.Jl'
%!11J!:kS!fBJ-1' JI.iii i:l:1' :::'.!f!lll<atM iili'ttiifIll x. y, z:::: 1'1f "1il'J'JCl'!l:k'S!1"1 'Foo iJl!:
4. 5
Newman
Jfl ht il; J; J llUI llt ij .;; .It 41. ;.t. .;; It
<np 3G'1it;ic'l"ilif l:~!lJ lllll!t!l ill 'li:l!llli!iir ill

(x)
16 7
~fnlll !Ii! 4.
1 9' !Ji fb'li:'l'!li!iii jg 1 <x) 1 (y ! 1
,p!fl!.(11
p; -
p(x,y,z,t) =
dV
1( 8[1rX(t -
(x -
Xw)!
-r)]a12exp -
+ (.y -
)i,,)
4X(t - r)
(z
z.,) ]
(4, 5. !)
Jt 1' =11u1ut11w llirllT ml"l1'1i'1<i!latll! ill lli18'J lli!-IR~ ill . 'll'lli w

'f x ~ rtJ '1!Jl.:l\Hl!.!E8'lllili!li:ILY. y ~ it)illJl.;lf;ff fll 8'J , Jl~'*llilltll!lif! jg \Ill <x) w(y) JDJ 11
!el!!ltlllll<P~l::lf
dcr 2 ~
p;-p(x,y,t)=J.~-L...iexp-
l'r
x. ")
l"t;
n X(t - r)
n1t'Xw . n1!'x
s1n-,m::c,1
x.
x.
[i + 2 ""'
L..Jexp [ y.
"-l
-l
I
J.
2 2
tr1n X(t. y~
r)
Jcos-coonrry..,
n1'Cy
y,
y.
(4. 5. 2)
ffi'"
!ell! ilol lilltll Jll .P~ 1: "Ill ;If 1'1! ft Jif i1ll I 2': .P i!l 11' Jll illi !E 7)( !If ifill!
\'! lit ~ lJli if I"
IL lilmiilll! !If:cl ill ;fJ 8'J 1' i'l tit ll! !E ill "lit El'J ll: rliJ t!! 11WT1' i'l l'E'li: !Xi l!I! J: J:t 1i Ill 1i '11 lit
1'!l 7)( 'J"!W!lit, Xt'filll!!ff ffiltllll!, ilt'!ilit j"Ji:-ltl 'J"JT, f!\J!ill J;' x ~'J"jT, '!1!Jl;f(:jg Zx" l'"l
Ill !Witt ii': /l. l)lrJ i*=!ll lllll iltll!iil 'Ii: tll x <x J wCy !lit te , BP '1k'if!' JI! ltll!i'! 9' l<lfl!l!il> I!.( ,fdll''!'
ltll!l> 9' Iill!!l1l! ~U ill JI! II!. Ill 9' !\'! l:1''!111l 111( , WT I!.( 1f
-( x,y,t ) = ds
2xi[l
P1 - p
~-
r!t:
X,
+ -L..J
2:t.~
1l'X1 n .. l
1
(' - n~11: 2 X(t-exp
1
n
X,
r)).stn - c o s 2
2n:rrxi
n1l"xw
X.
X,
(4.5.4)
;II; 9' h !frltllll! IJJi: 1X, =Kd;c, K,
;If;~ ll::!i rlfji;l}J!$ ;h' =h .jKu/ K,,Ku Jl\7)C'f 1ift;Ji;I}
!!$.
:rtf!ll:*:ltll.1119'1!11-* '!'# iltiilll! J:lli1'11rfil:J;J1i 1'il!'1<1l! , ;;ii ll!ll'!i' 11 h, x f!l y :nr1
~ill'$ ;!; KH IZ rlfJ !!} i1I' $11 K"' JllJ'll J'e Jf r;; 'll' ~ >I: ( 1. 9' 19 ) !- !I} VIL Jr 111 it 1i Vft It JI' ;;!:
.jKn I K ,.h = h .jKu I K,!li!'!f; , '/l'Jj(.f 'If JJ!Tlil: ;!; ,., if Ji: jg 2L, 1111
z 11li ilili 'If (tJ "' .\\\ IX ~ ,,. if 111!11li +JT , 'f :!i!'*='!ll w: ill f!"I Ill x Jr rlfJ jg)\'; "'1 ;le f IM"' ii': 1i 21.
S'JKdlf !l .y Ir rliJ 1i 3G'11t;l:'l"IM 9' Aili! !Jl\. z Ir rliJ jg J: T # P1l o11<'1!!' JI' tKJ\\I: 9' EJJ!iJJ:!i c-.1' !litllt
<!. 9. 20 l , J\\tJ!l x' =x
!Jl\i!i'il'S'JJl<l!Htill .~p;i;J
~
(x.x,,,_,) I (y) VI (x'
dV 1 [ erf L
p, ~ p(x,y,~,t) = --;;r::?
)"L-
-"'
...
+
./
,z,=h' l. l'Jf Ii.( 1f

(x -
1\.,)
4X(t - T)
+ erf L
./ 4X(t - T)
~----.-...-------
..
168
I
,/ 4irX(t -
r)
exp [
( ~v 4X(t
y
"
J'J \ I [ 1
z ~exp(~ nz,r~~:1 )-;:.-~2.) cos n~z"cos ~z.~J)
h.
r')
(4.5.5)
t!i !~Iii 111.8'1 ~ tf> I\ z li!lii!ii:J:IH< 8'1 'I' .S\ , mti <E.t>t: 'I' ,x, - o ,y. - o, Daviau et al< 1988) ,Ozkan
et al 0989), Kuchuk et al. (1991), Xu.Kong 0996)1!.C&.11\.'fl.J'i(l996a ifO 1996bl~i1Hr
4. 5. 2 5.15 7.1< '15 :I*

*2*4"#~'1'E-TI~K#rWrt>J*T~i"l:IJrll!li~~TT*'F#.B1if~~~.tN
liillil~ $[~ill* 'FillUj( 'Fttil!:A El U'J Ail< iillil! Iii! l. ii 1if ~ ~~lil !fl K ttD'.1 ill!il!Ai!Jll!. !Ii~* 'I'
#. il\: 1J'BtfF '11T1j(Jlt;J:7): '!'#.

{)J ~ Jtt *'I' 7) rt>J ~ il'l 'I< K '"!fl j[ 7) rt>J ~ i11if! K. '1' ;jjj ~ D'J tf Jf;, tt iA"'1JLT*31: * '!" tt
H
)l!,;(Efill-!Zf~.t.
i2
"K = Kv/Ku,z"
z/
Jl.f,
X = Ku/ific
(4.
s. 6)
~ti iiHll ti! !rt* 7l Ii1if'.!i nit
"'.i'2 + "'.i' + . il.t.. ~ .l ap
(4 5 7)
a.x JJ,z azi x at

i.J T lilf 'Ii'. :fr3':* '!":lfD'J ilillltilll llii 'It, 1if ttlt li!f~ xy 'I' W.t if if.l:tl!Jll!.D'.lil!!tlii'lt. ~lfi i/4f JL T
Cf f"l 7) rt>J !'.J tl!Jll!.il!!~ tnl'ilJIE ll:ol!:frl'.1)( 'I' #;(E .ry :!Jrt>J fi'J!Jl(tlii ~i:. !'}!Iii;~ Oil< 4. I '!' X (r J , X1
( z l !Ji: '1 (z) l)f j!ljf( B'J ill( llii'lt, ll:fl> Jllt!if!l'>J< D'J IJlilP17Jl! tlii 'It, Kong, Xu, Lu (1996a) , 1L, i!f<, P
<1995,, 1997 l ~ Jtil!:tr T .I\ !t!'Jlilf~,
'!" i!if I:: i1'J .!JlJll!.!Jl( AB, S 1" .diilf !'J ;J;ilJ ;\I a, 1':1!1: ;\I 2L, '!' ,,\\
;\I c .oc-L.(jio"'~ 1"1.KJl!l'\:fr 3\:1.K'Ftt ,L, ~L) ,jio[E !. 7 )iliij<. x<t'fi!ll'B'JIOJ!!!i'TIF-fil
xy 'l'ilii~ilJ;J;ll!
~Jtt xy
..
'
l!l 4 . 7 lJ' Ill .I:: llllit ill

~i\IA!!fl'.
nn Jtf x' y' .!\ 'l'itib lit ti! !ll\tlii 'ltle'i j!fjj; !ii''ll:Jf!. ;(E x' y' .ll 'l';l;l!lllltll( Pll 'li::W! x' 7) fill
X;flli.:k 'I' i!il 'f ;'k'lifj!!( 1'i J J)rt>J X;flli.:ki'- i!iJ cpj[.!Jl ii!! fi'JJii!jjt, IP I Cx'
y,- O). !J!'@I xy ~ '!'i!l'ilJ xy 'I' i!if .tl:.!Jlll! AB D'Jij:lflt!Jl( tlii'li:'1J
G~y'= G(x,y,t - r)
21
1
J41'l"X(t
.x, ~ 2L .x. ~ L.) I ( y' ,
exp[~ (- ,rsina + .)ICOSa)2J

r)
4X(t - r)
169
[erf L + (.t"co~~ ~.ysi~ - L.,.) +erf L - (rtosa + ysinet- L,,,,)l

./4X(t-r)
./4X(t
r)
('1. S.B)
;>);"' l: . Jti'ol!!ltioJ:tl!, 1iJ IE 7Glli!:k'f llif '!' Ri. ill'Jiliil~'1: C4. 1. 1911!f >.i<ll< AB "'1,)l-J[l31!)jt ill ,
*olf1iJ fF ;I; JJ !W l'l B i!t;ll: ,

!m
*"'
N i'!!!<ll<~~, :J!J! l<~i!Jilfili"i'. tiilil\,.1 .1': fllLi x ~(l'J" Ii! 5)-~U :"1 a, , a,. aN. J:t
'i'1':1Jl'.5J-~U ;I;
L, ., ,L,, J:t'f'. ,,\ !iHI!. tiilJi\..1 !'J IE! !115}~Q ;I; L.,, L.,, , L~N' ~U ;tl;jj iil
'111 ;I;
~
G,~ = (J(.x,y,t -
r) =?
N
erf
[
L,
1
./4irX(t -
f ( [ (- .:i;sina,
+ )ycosa,)i,]
,(
,.;...; exp -
i:) ,-1
4A. t -
t'
+ (:ccosa,.
t ysin"t Lw)
L 1 (xcosa, + vsin.:1; - I, )
'+f
"
4X(t - r)
er
4X(t - r)
l)
(4.5.9)
L _ L
_ KHt
_ 2n:Kh[p 1 - p(x,y,z 1 t)]
v - h 1tv - </>pcLzPn Q
:;\ '!' ,Q=Q,,/ N = 2/JJV I a, ;!;'ft )'Uj( 'f''it!<J 'Fi!J F:lt ,Q" ;!!;))- 3\'71<. 'F'itl'J .\!.;"':Ill:,
li!JifiD'l ?l-31'71<-'f'lt. ill~ IJli''l'i!J '!''!
(4. 5. 10)
~t 'f-~
I = (I.-1 + I.-2 + "' + LN)/N,xv = x/L.

(4.
[ erf L,n
+ <.i:voos~ ~,sin:i:~. .=. . ~.~v) + er{ 1.-iv -
(x 0 cos~ ~sintx, ~- L,.,0 )
5. ]])
J
(4. 5. 12)
l1i lt\i>; z rlil!'Jll ill~. '4tltl:Ui, l'11\:i!J ;I; :f J!i:Jf< <BP _t 1'1!1 Fll l. i!J ;I; !Elli Cp fi''9:Ui"11 Ii!
Jj()ffi-i'1!lffi-i'!E (~p_t rllil"1Jk'::l'ili!JJ!' ,J'I:,~~ 4. l 'f' VI (z)-" (z)jf J!l 'f J!.[l;j Jl'
tt:frmt .m~ G.=GCz.r-z1= fr G' ,/h ~;:li;:ltmffl'o!:ltrJ;'l;J
N
Cl (:ro,tn
'') =
1 -f 2 .l:exp( - nZ~KLbr) cosrnrz,,ncosnn:zn
"
G1 (tv ,tn ~ r) = 2 L;exp( - n1 tr'Xl,br) sinnirz,.vsinnn:z11

G' ( zv ,tv - r ) = 2 f,
L...i exp [ ~~1
(4. 5. 13)
(4. 5.14)
(2n - 1 ) 2tr'KLbr] cos 2n - 1:rrz.,vros (2n - l)rrzn

2
4
2
(4. 5.15)
170
(4. 5.16)
~t'f IL#'ilt Ill a<J~l*i'itR'. Im I'll 4. 8
J'liiR ;I!;#!!': L;,, jf"' .\l(J!! L.mJ:r ~a f!l i!;l, rll ll: (4, 5, I 2)
ii< iii !'> G' ,, 'I J:r ~LI Iii! It 1'1
'
.
1......
.
(.)
.>;
(;)
'
. . . {.,.
(c)
1114. 8 JUl'lll Jllil:x*'l';lflltil;lil
]) ::::fr J'UJ< '1'#$.-*l! (iJ11.i(!')-,jC'\Loli'll!l!' T l[!J!lfi ll! J , Jll 111 4. Ba.

G' = _!_ xp/ ~ YL) [ f 1 + Xn. - X.,.o
I 4" "
,vr
Zvr
"'
='
rf 1 '
Xo
+ Xwo
,....
2t'
+ Xn +x., 0 +~rf1- xv - x,.o]
+ erf l
2J
rr
z rr
l 17
:=':fr 1:7): '1'#11l' ;I< ill <lit 1201<3". i!fn"J ll'l 'f ill 'l'J:r *l! .tiii')- 7): 'I'# l , !JI, I'll
yb) [erf 1 -r
I
1
Cl,, = -exp
- -
'rr
4,
+ _!_exp[.;r
(XJ) ....
1-n)
2./T
4. Sb
1 - (.:tp ~-- L,.f))

+ erf ~~~~=
2/r
( ./3xp + J'p)~]l' I 2 l 6T
er
(xv -
fl.YD+ 2L.,D)]
4 .("t
.,,-r 2 + (xo -~ ./3Yn + ZL.,n)]

+ .n
4 rr
(4. 5. 18)
3l 11.l! :fr )\:7): 'I'# 11!1ill!1[ ( Jil JI' ill !fl ll! 1:4 lll 'f JlJ '!':fr ij!_t .I(!')- 71< 'I'# J , Jll I'll 4. Be.
_
( yb l [ f 1 + C.xD - L.,D)
G' ~yexp - 4rl er
.;r:
2
+ erl 1 ~
(xn
+ L.,n) + erl 1 -+
zfi
+ en.. 1 ~
t
(.<n
+ L..n)]
2fi
Xb) [ fl + (yD L.D) er

+ f 1 ..
+ exp-( 4, er
2 .fr
+ L..o) + .,..f 1 + erf l + (yD

z.rr
/7' L.,D)
(.xD -
(J:r,,
+ L,.v)]
2./7
(YD -
r.
L.D)
( 4 5 19)
4J i';:fr 3\:7):'1'#11J';I< ill CJ;ll 60'9'!3".ill 1"1 Ur'f ill 'l'J:rtlt.l:i(!t-:>J< '!"'if J, JI! I'll 4. 8d.
171
c1
~,,
rl
_l_
(- yi,)
f 1 + (xn - L.,f))
,/fexp
4r er
2 .fi
rl 1 (xo L..,,n))
e
2 .r;
I
[r er 1-(xv+L.,o)+ et1 1+Cxv+L..v)]+ -exp
erf
[
rr
2 (:co -
+_!_exp[0
(xp
rr
+erf
/3.Yn - 2L..n)
+ erl Z -
,r,:
(fl.xv 16r
rr
,13
Yo + Z/;.,n)
~
4vr
+ erf 2 + (xv -
+ erl 2 -
(/3x,p+y.o) 2 ]
16,
~-~~~
j (xv -
./3Yo +
~
2I~ ...n)
4vr
Cxn - ./3Yn - ZL..o)]
,r,:
Yn)l][erl 2 +(.:en+ f l Yn
- 2L.,n)
4 .fr
r.f'yD - 2L..D)
,r;
+ erf 2 -
(xp
+ ,;3 YD + 2L..o)
4/r
+ erf 2 + (xn +4 ~D + 2Lwo)J
(4, 5. 20)
E'l l!ililllllli t!l , 5tJ<;1)( '!'#t-'1;lJ'd'f T '> 9<!!Ul1 Pi .l\!-1-?k 'l"#!i!i\!'iltil'J. 2: ""~f'f!lf9<
;;(f!l pg '!l;#!;il~#!'J ."1'1!: !j lij 5tJ<:?k 'l'#ff'J 5t J<:'I!: !l ;jg!\!' 1;fll1'1!'J !ltflJ '#:'#{!!;jg [ii'] 19<
JK f!l pg ?k '!'#1ll!Jil!i$if!l !'Jl]i .\\\ d}J<:Jj( '!'#0 J!: 9', i!E ii Q J'Z:;<J '!l;[!;\ .Iii i"'I; Q. ~ ~ N, ill
M9<JKflJ li>J l\i1-?k '!'#, 0"1:9' Q \lt;lil;'!l;l!O\il:i!.
~-~-It~~~~~~~~
t s. 1 1'9'~ t!l T -Ill il'J l>*~utliiii'I!:, #! 1':: {rJlC.lii !1'1-l!-'111Cfil!4. 1 li'J etJOt'f'1'i
4.5.3
'f!i'if f'til!f!ff'J;J;lll11tlf;!ll Newmn ;JU!11!!1'tlll T lilli1:9'!'J~Btliiii'I!:, iE'i!;l;'E:l$$lll

liiii'l!:~~--ft.:;<iTCFlll8~EaS!lla<JM<P~etliiiiBCaft+
'<!! 4.2,
il''l'
I '
'.
'"ii!' "1J'l.lki1'';; !111;!1'.!Co;., !\)
Iii "1111 iii !!

I (x) I (y) I Ct)
3111!:1:"' OJ """,.
~:f 'f :c -&!i~'lf~:lilJ!i:j:rt(}.i'.:1!',:r"'O
.\i!ffi'.,(c)J"l'll'
.ft:! x, &l:i!IJl\l, ()~kj (bl
'Ii!~ ~B! 1*' 1n .'It :1!', y = O .'fl:I Y :ti:~ .Jll. .Pl

(a)$![ffi , (b) ~!Ii , (e )J"l ti'
ffl, ;r ,_ o ;ft! s, $J:J:IJ .Jll.,
mm~m: :Prtta: I~!l;tp,
Kit xi, y= o ;f!I

x""'fi "1:!.r, :tJ::ltlBf., (alt<tm, (b) Ji!:fli, <cliff.if
y. $!: it1 Bf.Mffl.
ril!ffl.lt\lirt'!J@:t.fi!U:#,ft.ltJl3; xr,JJ!i'. JllY""' 0 ill y, ?t:i:!lM

M~. x=-0 ;ft! x, ~:ltl:Jlf., (a)~~, (b)~,ffi, (c)j!{l-
(y)
(y)
(y)
(11) \II (:.-) VI (y)
(bl VI (;t ! \ll (y)

(~)
f-
N'
(a)tt:(x) I
(b)Vl(:r) I
(r) 1l( Cr) I
oc (.x)Vl{y)
(aJXCt)\ll(y)
(bl XI <xl \II (y)
(~)Xl(x)Vf(y)
(a) X (x) X (y)

th) )Q (x) X (y)
(c):-:l(.x)X(y)
... _.......
_..._......_....._....._....._....._....._...._....
.~<;
~- ,l!JJ!.*#lf<Jf-~!f::ll' .~lit**
5tt
ill "' ii ~ !!!:
..
.imm .t:m#lrms.ttffl,
(~)
(J)
V (r) \If()
(b)\II(r)\ll(z)
1----
'"
~
Jilm.;l;::l!!!m:o/ Jf-7}:..l'f'-~lit ;If'. ~:!ii$&

f.,fj, (a)1-;?:<11 !ti:, (b)r<r1 !ti:
ri
r.,.r;;?:-rw !lJ:, (c)
#'$~
X {2)
(b) \1 {r) X (:)
A:Ri*:I&~ 'i'lll?ttti:q:n:Jt.~#-. $r-;l!~fitf; ZI" (a) 'i;;W# (b)

"'It~
{a)~ (1)
~ "I J&m J: TM tu-r!li:#
(a) I (r)X(z)
ti'
(b)
r.,.r-<r., !J.t:
v (>") x (,,;)
(c) \1 (r) X Co:)
Jtj!jlj;:Jll!~ 411!).1'-*.l'f'-#, :l!!!JifrJ::!Jlffi'fJI!;' (a) ~fJ.l, (h)
Ji!ffi., Cc)
"
II! f,;
'.
-gj- 1.~:ltlW.<liic:'.kJ y tflr) ~:ili;ij:;-'f;!t. #--'f'-fr'f y :j\11. :!&~ _tl_lfll

'fJi\t'i.lt~" 1f.tlti11Yf' (a) :IF-~:t' (b)'A:!ffi..
(a) I (x) I (y) VI (.a)
(b) I Cr) I (yll'J'('l:'l

(c)
(x)
(y)
IX(")
(a)[ l (..c-.x..-l+ I <x+.x.,l]

l(y)Vl(:o:)
(b)[ I (;,;wwwx.,)~ I (x+x,.)]

. l(y)\11[:,)
~.
(aJ~I(x)I(yJ11(~J
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M, x=O ,111 x, !U:'11?1, (~)~fill, (b)~ffi., (cl!I*
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'l''ll Jll l!ll Jlitll !li!i!!ll! 'I' C-U ';i;~if il:i lll!lif!, ~J!il11'1illlJlt;l!J !lijJ Ell l'\ ( 5. 4. 33) 'i!!#
(4. 6. 17)
(4. 6. 18)
ln R -S=ln_B_
r.,
r"''
(4. 6. 19)
JEl!ll!/Ll;\. illl'\C4. 6.19lliJl11

r.,,=r,..eS
(4.5.20)
tr S>O. m1J , .. <., ~P'll J!f<Jt~ 'i'B\ l:t~l'FB'J'i'"'llli !" T , 'l!ffe lJ:iJILI*'l!'i't!'.'il!' ii:! J\!lllHI f"OE:
~J~a ii:! !liliT<, tr s < o, Mu r.. >r., fill jm, Ill( It, IE l\\!IB'J'li ll!1ll!ll!fl'J!f(#111f 'i'B\ 1:t ~liF'i'B\lJ'?::
T , ill~ tt :!: ,s ;<; fl\ il!il'I , ;io: "1.l!I! !ff :!\111' Jli:J!(("1. :( Jf ~ 3Glll1' ~ii:! '$!Ii! .t ill\ f\l ff! /.ll ;<; i3: fl' l!I! 11'1
it'il<iF ~ 4. 9 'I' A C' l'E " E :tJ:. lk;I!: ~'1'111'!!! ill:-i'l!ili! Pl IJltf;i'!il;{Eia*B':lillffi;IJ!11 !11'.r
ill: illJ, l'EJ!#111 lll. Tl'llfllll'!kmlt<!E ii:! fill!ltl!lt ;llJ .1Ji liJ f s :!\1 to. il!111lli'.T. Y'l!l!il ;lg Ill 'f 1!!111:
1'!I !El\\!lil:i !Ii Ji!.# 1'! 'i'.1'l!!lt r ~,,,-', mll'E )l; 'EJ<!rtf S 1tio: Ill ml.
II ill!.i&k!lJll 'If 1lifilllli&.li!'i Iii 'Ii! Jli;IJ ill!~ .!f. J!il lll f1i jj --i' ili:'ll! l:!I ~ Jl\ijf IJlt li'lt!\1~ 'If 1llffill
ll!%'.B:. f.Jili IL l'i'l':>J<1\>8'J !li:iJ j};ijf p(r .t) 1'i<. r= r. lt1!> elfII!: !li:iJ l!l!Je{l! p(r., t), "t)tt- r:l
4. 6
't!til.-lfJI'*
177
*liliJtJi!!ll!
Jt
9'
l' t ~ t, 11'.t ~ fll ~ fll liA !Ef Ill !le 1E 1J 1'1;!( , Jll.;e:JtJI: li'J !ti Ji!,:.!!c l'Jll1!ll!Jlti'fr9P iA :% - El.
~
>tilt ff iii.If iii. rt;J Jt 1lll li'J Jlti'F r:>lt l!Ht'J i!! ii! 'f~:lf !ll: l' Jt u ii!fi ffil 1'!ii: {E It iil1 <!!l!
IR 31'~) .l::Jllrrli'J , IJ1 ITT~ !t ITT !Ef~!jl;ff iii. !4>ili.A!t111! , )!;$.Jt 1lll <Pili.!f ~i1J ffillil llil Jt~1E1J
1f ill ~f 'll:1t , JX # m'f 3(;if!Ef:ff fJI: lit ii-Ji!! Ill ilt!Jl!ilL'-. if 111lilf II"~ Jt lll'i fli.}J II! li'J !&!ii f1: 1' !!I; ill!
i<i: !i1 &z ,'t'i- o :If!ll: ~ PIJ Ii'! .it r.; if!l ii!! ll!"' Bi. n o11: r'l"1fittil> . lif "' Ii'! mIf!fl !l'- ;;u1'J '!"
lfi illi 1l!' - !l. 3f .Jr 'if iii.If ili.tll ,'It lil:!E1J 7f Ji! 1"11/t iltrilf JL 11' Ii'! Jll li:!li JI< Jll: ti'Jll ill! oli'<l'f RP iA :%
1llliii. ili il1I litIf11tl!ilfll!ll: ll'il B>t11-lill I!! iii. rt;] 1f111! l:!:#i!<d'f l' ill: lll il1I I:!?i!ii lj!'. ~ .J::jf ~":!in lit l!!
IT :If Ji!! iii illl 111'! iii.Ifiii. rt;] Ji!! iii 11'.t , >HJJ /"Ill li'J /iil Jll:J!OIEM! JI! l'f .Jt lif 9' li'J lili ,i!ii Ji!! Ill illf rt;] :If llf El'J
w111H;1t t1'1:\!'. flllli'il'.t r"1lll:k. :/.it n im: t Q CF'll:li'J o11<1'f r ,Q "'m i'f 111l M!Jl!1iltli'Jl!il?t fix"1
It il!lillt*il!l!'J', ffil !l!Ji!!J!!ill!}. .Jt111! liltli'J l!il:\t !'If 6 itiJ'Jill&*illt:J::. l!J lit-11'.tl!J , Ji!!ll!!lf.A.Jt111l
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li'JIAr:lll:~rQ,ilff!l!~:/'11'111l<Pi111!1!lff4>~*~m~.;x#mr.Jt111lill!Jf!~~lf~**~lt!l
:IF lll'i 1E;h 1"! /llf l!! ;e:{t! ~ i&l"l f1: :iJ JFOO Ml Jl!i<i:!!1. lf<IJ'.tl!J ITT Fo Ml Jl!Xi:l"Z~ I~"' T
ill:/Jlt:i<i:Jil'. if!l ff l!li ill! ii! Xi:I'\' ;ii; iltj 1- fff Ji Ii'!. Xi: li'J 3:1: fl\ , Of !ll l"l -1- ~li1H r ill )t i!li fo/11'
Jlj
~'It 1i!lfMl JI!*~ .
111-fl!r!I~ .it lif <P 'ff Ill' -'i: !'!' ilif '1tJ!l m !lit 'i: '!!~ill' lf ili Jl!J ii!! iii , if lif 9'"' ill' -"C !'!'
iii, !ill 00 4. IO(a) .!Jiffe, l'*1t ITTFo lf.lt!lllL Flt Q tJ3 i!'il!li:\t!!! ill:, W.Jtllf ill!Jl!liltli'Jl!il0'ic
ti' Q,, i!ii wli!l. lll\IALA'lt111l Willliltl!li:\tii! ti' Q1, ~ Q=Q, +Q,. ilti!l:iiiilli ~:% "JF111llllll!I! lf\:iJ
A., 1i!lf P;J!l il'lf11l.tJ v. = A.z, ~tl'lt 1i!lf f!l!il!jj;iJt~ l!il:\t Jl!!m :%
'*
*lill
(4. 6. 21)
(4. 6. 22)
(4. 6. 23)
Q
A,
Q,
Q,
Q,
Q,
p
Ill - 10 111lllllll'l'i':t:lll
(b) :J1:"1.R:f!f4k:ftii11*
(a) #~"11119'."tlf.llf
Rarney(l965)~)(.Jtillflil!Jl!'llt~ C
.ti
178
~p. ~ pgt..z ,pJil!.l'il C=A.! pg. !Et:f':A;l;(4, 6. 231 ,li!IH~
Q,=-cdf,,
(4. 6. 25)
fli Jill Da"y Ji! l\I! , Ell Ji!!Jll iliA'it ill!ll!tll!'J i"':lilll:lt :!;
Q1 =
z,,,..h ~ (t) .... = Q + cdf,
gIiii;;; :II: ii'!# j!f Iii! Al "~ cD
(4. 6. 26)
~"' -~-
(4, 6. 27)
2">'.hie.
# Ji! >l 'JC :Iii'!'it Jil: IE 71 p.n*1 !t :flt iA li't flij tn :!;
PwD
= Zn:Kh(p, - P.,)
Q
= ~
1D
(4.6.28)
ci!
l!.lhl. rn=r/r m1J;i;C4. 6. 26)'.i!Jllt3Gtl:l!;J%ll::I;
Co ~P" - JPv)
dtp
= I
l:Jrp
(4. 6. 29)
't>'l
;It '!' pD :llB< jJ :$l- ;/ji Jiil ~* ll: ( 4, 6, 28) )jj ll: Ji! >l 11'1 )G :I il'J :II: o fll';l)' Jj 'ITJ l\ll ll: (4 6. 14) '!' Q ilt
ll!t Q, '11' Ell;;;:: c4. 6. 261 ~"" <4. 6. 141 B'J x:lil'J)jjll::Ji1
p,.0 (t 0 )
= Pn(l ,tn)
dftn)
- S ar/), n-'
(4. 6. 30)
;lt'i' Jlij);fil fl'tllijif,J 3G :llfll:l 11! ll: (4, 6. 28) ll!>t .;;;:: (4. 6. 29 )11J (4, 6. 30) i!Bf!l il!tlll!'l't ;!)'Jj 11!
El llil S ;f!I #ii!! lilf#l 'li!"'tt Cn if,! F'l i!i.Ji!.~{tf. ;/'f f ll: (4. 6. 30 Jfl:All: (4. 6. 29 l W~ F'l i!i.Jil~{tf
"1:!! ll!t
(4. 6. 31)
lf!:::fjl )jj #ii!! 9' R 1! 11'#! lilt I*. x& 'f '1'. #lit Plt Jt. #ii!!'!' !lt 1i l!l:-'1'.Ji!. ilif. fro I'll
4. 10 (b) Jj/fjj; ~&i::!:l'f'if)jj .Jd.(J: l!'Jl!l1!1< 1'~1!; !!: l!!:!llJ ll! !. 2. 4 1'9' li!>l if,Jlilt I* B<Jm !\'tttE
Jt )If "' "1 '.!i ll!t
1 dV.
' =-
mil rl! #
jl!j lil!#lllltJl!'Jilll:>l-lil!:I Q.
v. dp.
=-
v:1 dV./d!
dp;J<lt
(4. 6. 32)
:JJ
- Q,
<"'
~r~ = cwv .. ~ft
(4, 6. 33)
(4. 6. 34)
c = ~~
(4. 6. 35)
m1Jtlf !;;;:: (4. 6. 32) it'll C=v. V., ft A;;;:: (4. 6. 34) j)JJi.\j!l!llJ;J:: (4. 6. 26),
-*,
i::!:ll'
X1ll! -#
11%1!1< lli 8'J F'l it!Ui'f <4. 6. 291- <4. 6. 31 1~1ll! :::l'f'11Jl'1JlfilliJJ<:Jl'.. E'Zj!jlii ill il'J:ll, J('!'f"t
'
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179
4. 6. 3. I
E!i:IJllil!>liltjf
Elillili*:!l:il: "lt?Tt'iit it'Ei"' A'! llif$ fill:Ui 1'18'1 'lt1t'1: ~, it1tnltl;tlit Jf :lt t'i fif Jliil'li'J
lfi Jl:, MT ;E i"'JiJll'lfi , JiiJl: <4. L 45l:Iffjf11"W:iJIJ lli:IJ Ill p.1 ojli<ff, , !!it r~r., miJ 1l
Pwf -- Pi
j![Jti mJlt AZ }1)f>l;1if jg:l)'Oj 'II: Ei ( -
r!
+ __Sl}!__
4irKh E'I (' - 4Xf
x) B'Jttll('"' x
EiC- x) ~
r-
(4.6.35)
l1UluJ,at1l ITT Filiii:J*!il
ln.x = ln<l. 78107.x)
l:l;9' 'r ~ 0. 5 77 216 JI< Eu!" 11!'1!' Xtr iE'I!: x ,Ei ( -
in 0'J
(4. 6. 37)
R 0 :il'lilJ=at 'Ei ( -
M.
-~1EIJ o, W>l:<4. 6. 37>ftA<4. 6. s6JJfit&ol!<Bi:Elrs <JlililB'Jm-tta!li~ t.p~ ~~l'hzs.
0
mu11
x) Jll
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x)
p, + 4QB
,Kh 0. 577216 +In Xt - 28
(4. 6. 38)
4
"tl!t El! oi!<!ll~ lii1 sIJ&A'J mtaE!i ~< !i\'i'\ 4. s. 10 jfit &l!!!JJ$:ig ,;;11c B. mu11 !Ii f$
>t
P.1 ~
Pw/
+ 0. 8686 ~\ _
~ P _ O. !832QB ( l .K_
'
Kh
geyr~
**'
0. 1832QBlg
._I
Kh
(4.6.39)
l:t9' Q Ji!<l!!! ili1 mt :I:. J:'i'\:1< ~ ,:it T EE~til lfi-l'E:f 't )ft #Iii fil!illl\'!:!;\' 8'1111'1\01', # Jl!2W:!li p.,
.EJ lgt >i'U:~1'tlt ~ , 1Btl:J!Hlt-l'E p.,-lgt il'J 'i' xtli'11! l1iil'll J:!r~~ll'i1!!, 'EB'Ji'4$
QB
"' = 0. 1832 Kh
m = 2, 121 X
io- ~{ { it~~a~J
1
(4. 6. 40J
(4, 6. 42)
J;\)rilll'/. IP~ 0'J Jl'<i'l'T, -l'E 'I' X1 li!'1; l<i Ill
Ji!.~"' ll"tt. ~r.;<j!!j Iii il'J ffi ~ill! !!l!JJ! i!5$Jl'.:<J;l[;il! ~Jk~
""
l!i 8'J ~il!I ffi ~ill! tt El! .!j'!Jlil , 9' M;fl! Iii Jtll :'-'I'm iJIJ Ill!!! nit ,
!mill 4-11 PJi;R,
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:l<&:~E'ZB'Jllll "~, l!!liJ: .:/<Bi: El -l" s il!Bi~ ill! !!ill:1' 'f
i; :;l;i>i<J:J<t!J'Jtlllll ill! !!lelfittt!l.11 ~)i! Ill"~.
.,
9' Wl Fl:Ji!< R # ~ 1ii! ill~ Iii' Iii JI! at ~J 7f if! ml -l'E !'H!l 111 - u !t ~Iii,_ !I! !!l!<J 11!!11ii>;1>
l'/. 7f ittl i"' 'lo Ill "1iJ U~~J !Ii !IL El! r J!1J'f51< i"' 'lo ti~ , )iii J t!l.li1:" ll':llR t\l 11! ~fl!J lllllft Ii!!", i.!:1' ilkIll
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180
(l'J illl !l\Jl';!>JJl IA~ C4.
6. 4D , ~OOI illl 'ii( 11)!11il:illlll(Ji;:1li1't. l'E Jtjl.X1!'J(;Jt lif. Ill 1: fl, 1' :1' ll(
l!lt,:)l;l'if'l'i!J~(4.
6. \2)!J'tl:IJ.
~ Wl l!lt illl ll(JI' ;,\I 'il' ~ l>i' Ill !: Iii n~ , t!f Ill It ll'. :!!: "" \:!:!!!. 'll' it~ l'Htl 'IHIJ ~ n[.J ,
'1'i I>! ll! JilMf!l fl'JJIIJ'IL , &P:lil!Mfll Ji\ ii!. !itlillc!fli1: vt!E p.,fi!liJli~ Ct. 6. 1n, l!l,1t:lil!il! mt
EE p.,"J'at 1\lJ t !'li'l'F.* Ji\ , !it!!iX>!Eltl\lJ fl'J .;j>!'J(Jil!Of 1'1~ fl'J 1it!'lt,
(4, 6. 43)
\:!: 1' fir l!lt jJl, !IF" Jlil lilA!<ilt "llii' l!lt.
'1'?00! lil: JHMili<il'l!11! ~~i!l7KJII!i\, 01J ftU, lli' Mit'i lliH!ltiM1'1ix , lli;l:J Jtl!f1J lltllIJ!' 15, !~
hUJ!iilll #~1!'1!1:, l'E !<M!'lt"ll If- Ill'/' ilill\!:fJ~ J'[ti\1:, ~J'[ll(l!lt;illf $ m, 1'jl!!~ ll!Jill!i\llf lj! m,
:t !tflf!l'i!VJ:Jtl!i< fl'Jll'i*: mHI-. 01J !m, elf ~iliJilc-.K< J'l'il(Jtl'il(. lit It ft! '1,1 2d&.lr.ifJ1Wi Jll, Jlt It
ill.1J 4' "''}( l1l B'J JI: ifJ lJ!!1J' , lit It ill.ll!;!: , i1' Ji\!!! 4. 6. 4 1' ,
l'l!l )!,JI! llillIJ!' 01JJm;lil Wi!l'tJ!lJll ~ !E:IJ Jtlll:~J j;!;J!!Jll .:.( Fn. c!f il'i ( Pl l!z JI') kj 9C l!z Jll
"'JI!
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l'iiJ t Ji;*, RP
JPw1=0
'1t
'
.14
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0 977l X1.!f.M81ill:c!f5tilite T .t!!!;!i.
!lil*iil!:l!':Stfii;l;>ti !!'" l!< Ji;I gJ J: 7t iii, ;Ill! f 'lit~ lE fJ 14' l'lf 1'1:c!f 5l- iii (l'J ;If Iii iJl Ill i3 i!IJ
.!mr,
l l l\;f jl;l!l fil)J !'J(ji;ljj\ Jil; p.1 CMPa ) - t (h) B'J '!' X1!'J1;!; jm ill. J'Elll 9' fie tiJ :Ii; 'i'WJ J'[~ , jl',
ili Jt<l'll!!!l!!H1'Jq;f$ ft! m (MPa/cyde), f!i.~~ (4. &. 42) J1!J 11
!ii:llllli\!'J(Kh ~ z. 121
-
J!ltiJi!ll';
X 10~'
QB(
e':".'...'...n:')
mmPas
2.121X10~; mQ~h( :,', ,)
(4, 6. 45)
2l ll'. ili q;f$ m i!l.RP >!: c4. 6. 41 >!r1!'i"if l'f 81 Ji\ !'l1 Ll Fo, it~l'l:till1!: :ltl!l5'till: t= lh !ll:ll'.
ili !!i';l:J {1[ p,. Ill !gt= lg!= 0. ill>!: (4, 6. 41) 1lJ1'l!!/11ll y. s
0
S = l, 1s1[!.:..:.: Pih- lg
1>!~
0. 9077]
(4. 6, 46)
3J 1"J'f ~* 3'G 'Ill fl'J ~lllBLIJ illltil, '8IW11 ~'f' ~Jll l!t, J;!J1! !it Ml!lt fl'Jll' 1lJ .:.( ~J IWi /11 llll
l!z JI' Bi l't!lt!ll:c!f ~ili:!& i!i<i '!' '1l 7K Jtll!!!
4, 6. 3. 2
llifJ~3!:it:#'
HifJ l'I< ;![iii! c!f j l iJJ :Ii!! ill 7J( Jt $ii( Theis (19 35) :(E lJf l'llik r7t7t Jt $itlll 9' Jll, ili (l'J , l\'i l1' l'E
~~Ik4'~tt~rn1'~iE~ffl.
lli:t.J i~UI: ~ lllll: JE Ji !'K:.l!Jtc!f '!!!* Jf ** .:.( Fn #Iii: JE :IJ ii lllil!J( !l . lt lt~ lfi :IJ !'I< 3!: i!'J
j!; .l\~. ~f'f li!i"'li!~i"', f!i'~ (4. 1. 47) Jl!t r=r.
!Ii' ;l:J
#it JilJi!!Jllf*!Rli\!'J( B, ~~:fl' j!;j1' Fo elf Iii:
181
p., mp,+
,i:~r;,[ E;( .... frci:~ <>t))- E;( 4 ~~!]
J< 'f ,1, Jil;jo)"' lltli.J , Ip Jt;lf jjij'fl'J *7f Hti0J 1<>t !th\* ;If tfij'fi<J lltJ!lJ ,
JI! J!i: fi'lxl: (4. 6. 37) ~ jijjj'\ ( 4. 6. 47)1lJ'1' Jllt
p.., = p,
QB [
r:
+ 4'1fKh
In 4X(tr + t:.t)
p,,,,
p, +a ~f( lg
r;
In 4Xt:.t
(4.
6 47)
r:! 4X<>L 1 lltllJ' i'J
(4, 6, 48)
t;tAt)
(4, 6. 49)
J<'f. ii\!&, xt SI ;lg lnl0/ 4,- 0. 183234 .>tl~lflUjt ffl~j;ig 2. I 21X10-, >':C4. 6. 49)'/i{ '~, k
# Fo !E:h fl'J!l'i;![ f1i' 1: lg [<>ti (1, +<>t) ]Jllt~iik !I\ ,;II; J'[~j!f>j;L(Eli\lfl.'il.!itilifJT jg
(4. 6. 50)
P!f l!1 'il;:*;lfFw fl'J J!;i!!J ffi )J'ltl!if~ilifj{E p -[<>i/ C1, +<>t)] fl'J'il.M'lt;I\ +i<OO J:, ili'tli ;ll;J[~l'Jt fl'J
ffef '1' m llTJl< !iloltti!l! fi'Jjjl J1'$ K {11Lllom" (! 951 l j,\Il'l\fl'J1~.\\\ lJ! LJj , IE i"' T 1, at fill Fo *;If . *
;lfatti.J jg "'. ~tl l'E "' at ~J fl'Jffi ~ p,- p., ;i, ~f' VJ i"'I; Q IE?" 1, +At at rm 'll ,gfl'J !Er<J<bo J: u
Fl;-Q IE?" At it fill 'll ,gfl'J ffi ~. it l'l'J'!i IE~* .l\ xi: (4. 6. 38) :& ho Ill !Ii JI! fiiJ !'I !ilol''J * .l\x\
C4. 6. 48) P!f ~j itf+ !E:hl!I<;!!: ill: #Jt!linl!<1!1lt1!1,~ jg Horner lli.
:ill!!! llJi!:'il<!llflFf s. ~:!l!i'lll :Ii** !llllt IP t m 1, Jlli; Alm 0 lltB'J ;If Iii: iltllik~ *;If 121 Ill ;If~
ffijJ p., J'!i"' (4. 6. 38) 'il;*'lf lltJ!ll Ill iiltffi1'/ llli:
0
- -
QB[ lg ,,er,.
1
iKtP -o. 8686S J
(4. 6. 51)
jly.1(t-tp)-p,+a Kh
;i;q, ,. me0 "'"'m1. 1s101. Ill xi: (4. 6. 49l~1"<4. 6. sD. mH1!llil~'l!.1ILllJT
.
QB[I 2. 246K11..f>t2.
p.,, .. Pw1lti' l -_ 0, 1832
Kh g c(tp + .6t)r!
l'E!Efll!l<!lilli !il<fl'J J!l'~l'lt J:JOC &
J , mu <1, +At l
Pw.(& = 1) - P.,,1(t =
tp)
+ 0. 8686..
"s]
(4. 6. 52)
It, l'(jJ)) ~f' I, l'El!i<lfl.'l!.ilt$1JT, ..t>CPT1'1llli:
m[ lg:,,.~+ o. 9077 + o. 8686S]
(4. 6. 53)
iii J:>t 1lJ' l1\\ Ill 'il<ll' Ill i' s

S
1.1s1[l!-'-~}!__:) ~-Pwi(tp!
lg!~ -
0. 9077
(4. 6. 54)
~J:PJf it .11t'!l'.!E.tJll'i!l Jll:;lfJt!tf fl'J:lfl!<ffe~Pf 3 i!limT,
1l
4\5f Jl;i11U ffi.:lll!l<K'ltl!'i!lt Jllt p.,(MP,l -1(hJ il'J 'i' :ltillt!i; j!j\[!I , l'E ll'l 'P ti< Ill ][~lilt .111;
tli l'i:Jlfil<ll!B'J *'f il' m (MPa/cycle) , J'!i>C ( 4. 6, 50) 1lT11!!llilb !I\ 'lt"11 ift!ll:Jt~U :.lJ
Kh = 2.121 X 10-l QB( p-m2 m)
mrnPas,'
K
2.121
JO"' QB
I em' I
mhmPas
(4. 6. 55)
1! T ffef!t: m {11:~1 Fo .i'l:>': <4. 6. 54JllJ'JJ<1ll'il<ll' Ill i' s.

3) lJfl )iliil!llt!!\Jft !E:1J p,. f 'Pllll:1r!l!l'ltllli K: :!l: <>ii <1, +<>i >-1. ~P 1'! t.t-=, mu'i' Millt&
\iF f!I J: 8'J !E:!J111! title p li.\:Jil; P , Ji!. Ii!\i! i'(l[Xt 'JG '1'! :k Jti!Jl:!Jl;iE lJfl 8'J !!Ir tf HJ il'J ;If J!. Jtti Jl:! , lliJ
2l
182
~l0ltll t,1' ;lc;J!;:;J< IE <Ii di'
t,!j;;lcJ!U p' 1J'T p, ii!,
M'f BJf JIH1':J llli*, A !IJ\lli.l:f )l;Jl!iJll ilia'J 'l"~Jt!! II;IJ p, Ill Jlt , J:ktiiJ>t5'flltolt oi':I!}
!)'J p' !!tilt !ilti'J!!r p. l!;Xt:JC'1\!;kJt!!.!'!J!!r 1iT ~( l!!!Wili'J, Xt'f<li !'? Jt!!, l!i'i o!rlltiI:IJ p' '!!; ~jJ:
1ilf ;k'f J'l'.'!l;!)'J '!" ~11!!1! II::IJ, Miller. Dy" and Hutchinson (1950 >1i l!i T Jmr:lflt, l'il>'F MDH
:If$,
p_(t:.tpA) =
JltFa ,Matthews.
ntpp(t:,JllA)
l, 1513
Brons and Harekroek (1955) X'.1i'!tl!i !Jl-i'i!a'IE:lflt, 1ilffj; MBH

)
Po"' ( fpDA,
:11$.
4.6.4
p.,,
p -
:11$,
rrtpn(tpDA)
2, 3026
BITT~l'E5.4.3~frm-1'1'~<11xa'J'l"~Jt!!II::IJ!)'J
ffiffin~m~~~~~~~~~
lliU!!lfl!lf l.i!Oll!, t'- Cl Jftl 'f-;f, :li:tl!T~7J<i!ltl! fltJlI, J!~ l'Extll>::li:MxH!<!)'J tllll:J: fj Cl fl! {fit le f\iJ I!!! ll! '6 1it:'I" llii il'i Cl ~ T"Jf li'J f\iJ Ill!, 1l! it? i!ltl! li'J IE~ >'J a , it :Q1 JC
p..,f)
ZrrKh(P1 - P., 1)
QB
Kt
(4, 6. 56)
,to = ~t-Ca2
t!:.~3'\:(4. !. 45)~hOO':J!ifl!<llJ3'\:(4. 6. 37)5/<!;i;fj
2P,a --
~-
Ei[- (r,/a)']- Ei(- 1-)

tD
4fo
2r -
ln( ;:) + Zlntv
(4. 6. 57)
th Jt 1iT JI!. dilt:II !Jll:J' !gt !i!t:t~;': , RJi1<X:li:$tJ!!rx"':kJt!! 'l'.+ :li:#TillJJi;a'J j!!j fl!,
Ii!! l!!t, t'- o Jtli'! 'f :li:fll Jlii l!!flti!t, it !'J li'!:l!t >'J <a, b>, mufl! J!t li'J Iii Jllo t1''!" llii J: 1l ' r:i
jf, 'flii::/lCJI!. von Poollen(l965)),
2Pwn= - Ei[- (r w/a)2 ]- Ei [- (b/a)2 ] - Ei[- (b/a)2
4to
to
tn
:::t:
4Y
In [ 4,,~i
b'(b'
ai ai + 1 J + 4lnt 0
+ 1]- Ei( -
_l I
ta)
(4.6.58l
th JtL 1iT lj1, dlUli 'l' lgt fJl .. l!i:.~-" , ~:li:B'1il'l$A:lt ~;kJt!!I!! J!P. Jfllflfl li'J 4 fl!,
-RitJii. ,1iT II.I ilEn ,fl!~ 1*1iT )II 'f 9CJ<fll ;IJ nIn <n Jii;;k 'f l il'J !llE'!IOTililll, ;/'f jf {!z 'f fllf'Jl'
liJ!J: .WHi'!lf1*riJJ!j'f9CJ(fll ;IJ 2n/n(n )r,:k'f 2 !)'J!llE'!IO,
II.I J: iii !I! T "l i!l ll~ Iii !!I\ 111 Fa , i!lll 1' :li:M it'J t~ll! All!- &$1 $ a<.J t."f fl! 1il.
ii!ll!!t le: .t !UR 'f 90 xfll 8- nIn
.txt e1J ff 11 fll ill 'illl .!'ti!t fJl(J;Jtrr. li'J , W.Jl!i g.i .till> nJll.I
liliii, II::IJ illliiJ!lll=>:J<&!'J$f $ m, l:J'll!-i'if>I' m, z lt!Y!!l''f 360' , o-. Wf 111 th 'liHl
i'1:#:>tlliliT i:.1 lilll i11 '.I' xfll a'J;k 11,. ~ '.l'J<fll e!'J illlll>'J
""'*
e=
360m1fm2
(4. 6. 59)
Jf!J !1l i! :111*11! 1iT ll.llilll 'A1 # ?ll:Jlii I!! li'J l!U~, !m3!:< 4. 6. sn a fil:, 111.t:tilt Titllltr!U II
;IJ 1il17! llili'J iif % '
183
!li:tJM\~;l-!li
4. 6. 5. 1
:f'Ej(! 4 2. 1 11" 'I' 'Iii fn-lltll T if 85!' r"lll1!% !ll!lfi!.l':ftIE )3 '"It ill! i!.l':il'J 0 ll: C4. 2. 2l it
ll:'l'!ll~ft~~1t8!E:IJ~il'J>t
4X
at. i$' ll: (4. 6. 37), Ei <-
x)
11f Ill
ln.x
'
(.
t -
tt.
t .. -1
(4.6.60)
)'1(]
jiij l!i fl J1JI exp ( - x) 11f Ill l - x
ft 'f
Yk c/;
(4. 2. 2llll~-11'1'1'8!E:IJ11f1'Jii;
L ~{ [ Q _ -b _ ( t - t _ )-b;_ r~X lnt-tri
l - t,
p(r.,,t)=p,+ 4_
rrKh:f
1 1
1 1
1 1
14
-b,-1<t - t,- 1>[ l -
+ 4 :~h { [ Q,._
1 -
~ t,_ )]+ b1-1<t -
4X(t
b,_ 1 (t
....
t.- 1 )
....
b,_ 1
11>[ l -
4X(tr~ ti)J}
~1J[r +- ln 4X(t: t._ J

1
(4. 6. 61)
'
~ QYJ:::_!1
b c ~ [Q<11 t, - t ' i - i 4X
Q
i-i
J 4X(t !
t,-1>
<4. ' 62)
141 J:>': ft A ( 4. 6. 6D , ~IH!H' llli!i'!'1lllll!Z.1t'lt l&l'$<.!>1: El]'. ffeHli:iJ '"lt;lr!l!;(E Ill llid\'!f)Z i!IJ (SD
T'!l" Iii;
[1
p,Q(t)
- p, = 0. 1832 Kh
B g X (t)
;t 9' ,S }i;-*.:h
X(t)
K
+ Ig per~
- 0. 0829
+ 0. 8686.J"]
(4. 6. 63)
2Kht.p,/Q(t) B, X (t l i:l'!lf ~llJ :;f- i'J /lt!!!Ull T't\:'!!1'1';
(4.6.64)
:ii; 9' Q <1 i
(4. 6.
JI,'" if !I! if 1; at'1! il'J i"' :1:. "- !:!\ x <1J1M 111 B m'!1; il!I i"' 1; Q, }!: tll.
m>t
63)11j"Ji!., (p,-p.l/Q(r)!:j lgX(tl!i!.~tt'** ,;1;1[~jlf$

m ""'
o. 1832 Kh
i!lf I!.! #f '!);il!J 1tlil':llt!lil'! tlt:f'E>f!Xtf!fil ti< 00 'l'lit Iii; (Ji!.:ft. , 1939, i'!1 b)
(4. 6. 65)
184
P1 - p,,
---X
Q(I)
llll !Jt , ii< ili 1!1<11:~ 'I< m , l'f ru ,,i: <4. 6 63>iiJ:fLIP3'Iili1" Et 181 Cf S
S
L 1s1[P
-d:"
111
-lgX, -lg, K,
.,,.:r.,
+ O. 0829]
;t '1' T Im ' xt f'Ff 1[ !i<l?Lt 11 i2'Jit -Iii 5E ii\L lfJ*B !Lilt.

xt T F:!iUI< ~ 4. 2 pJiffe.#lft;!;'.J)' ft !P ii 'lit PJiiJ!lfJ "~iiliI"TillJI" ' ru"' (4.
Li!I: I'll it1f1", l'E SI $J TiiJl lilt
p, - P,,,_r
Q,
. B["
u. 1832 Kh ~
+lg
~:r~
Q,
Q,.,l (
Q.,
O. 0829
g t - t;-t
0. 8686til
(4. 6. 66)
2. 3) tl: :it. j'f
(4, 6. 67)
;J;<f' ,1, - o,Q, - o, '.Jl;fif, L , 3't (4. 6. 7l'4';;jtifjlJjjfill,1lJ ru xi: ( 4. 6. 64llli1X&~lit ili it:!!: C!l 4. 2 ,Q,
B :f tl: !JI! ,QCt l &lilt T Q,. u i';;ltf~ lJJf l!Ui!>\ C4. 6. 63 I<!' lgX Ctl Ill 'f t'l 'ft>\FltlfJl'll ll' 111111",
ii mtF 111:.!l'nr$J , m~ 4. ' , 1i<P11ttt (0. 1s32. - o. os291Iii'<;1g<2. 121 x 1o- o. gon)
*(
s. fE1.J1!t!Bl"i
*rff:!!: '.ll'i"':I: *lli:IJ!ii1[
'Ii'
ffJ 'l<iil'i't (
4. 6.
}J ])Iii Piii
p(r .t)
lit'1N1':1 J!I! l!:i\li!W B l'E Ill 4. 2. 2 1l' <!' i1Hr T it:it . 'if .i!f tl: T LE
4. 2. 7) ,
Ji<>\ '11 r Jll r. f~'!>l' !P !!!'if Ji1i 11.J!i(j[lfJ 'l<iilll: , 3

r'
4X(t - t,) .
(4.6.68)
(4. 6. 69)
(4. 6. 70)
(4, 6. 71)
X(t) -
(1. 6. 72)
185
""lll'lit !ll~t'll:'lii:ii\tt"l'l!'l'1J'lii:S<:llFf' ;Ex t>p,-Q,BS/ZKh,~tiil:<4. 6. 71ltE SI r1l Jl!I;

p., - p, -
0.1832 Qf.[1.xccJ
+ o. 4343 Q, ~ Q,, + o. sss6
2;s J
<4. 6. 73J
i'i Ill f, liJi!.Uli!IJ , )OJ .tiJ: <!' ,l\{t Q, 1832 1'?'1.l:Jl!I; 2. 121 X 1o. SJ 'il: (4. 6. 73J1if !i\, 3(:it FE:IJ p.,
'oJ lgX (1 Jii!. t!Ht~ '!\ , J't J!ijlt lll:jif $Ji:!: Jl! .t 'il: <!' :Ii Iii -It i!tr illl (1'J ~ !J:L PJi 1:1 tt Jilt Xf '!!: 1i 00 <!'
llf '!i!WI 'll:J\li!4l Jl!I: p., x Ct 1Jilltl!,~tll1!l tl!lll: (1'J ffe!JI< m , np 1if >l<llf il!l'illJ '!I 'I!: ill<il!l'!lr, ?.& In tE.l!tlt
llLl:!f<-,1:\ <p.,"XCt,J J, Ell l'l:C4. 6. 73J:il:~PJ!l:HJ'lii:Ei:l!Ff S.

Xt'f f":lifl< 00 4. 2 !Jiff, ii!. %~>!:'1i'lteP iJ!i 'lit !JilJ! li'J "ll>lilt:"llf Jf, , Si 'it< 4. 2. 8J Ill :!t, iii
.ti fill jjl(l'J 11! Jt)j'li!/' lif 14~71' !!i:IJ p..JJ
p
p - 9.\!i.f.'.
W'
*'
9.LJn :..__=
4trKh~Q\
'
(4. 6. '/4)
t-tj
J't'f' .t-t,+c.t,1,-0, .t'ittl!ITJ'.lilllit

(4, 6. 75)
(4. 6. 76)
4. 6. 6 7J( ZJl :J:t li: t.J ~ )\ );it :J:t
*!Ii
li1f JL 1J' 11' !Jr li!J Jj; li'J '/lilJl!!il J![

ll!iliiit:fr tJi m1 tE lilf j'l)j( '!'it li'J Bi ~:frtli , '11. 'f :llli 11 '"'
1), 11' 3:' 'll! li!J li: 'ICRi! ::k .tr1"! P!l !Ji,Jl! '!'.Jilt 1-iJ<'!"it (1'J FE ll!i:lt!Ir X1 J't '!?: !Ji,lf! , ftU J<!J!J !ii, ll! .1' .!!
!;!!ill tl! (1'J JIB!!! 11' 1;.1 & 4!-fl'1' ll1J ttliJi: (1'J !!I ~.lfd'f ,:II; !il(Jll! Ji! .!Ii! iCl (1'J ct.'!!! T> fill ;t Jtl: :tE '!'ill. J\li 1l!
4. 2 9' ~ - lill ' j'j']!J!l!lllf lltil!f il!i'!:niltlif#iri!i'i&. Clon1' ,Ramy (1986) ,Xu ,Kong(l 996 )fj<, ]1,,
P 0 996a) i'1l 0 996b Jxt J!t i!tiT T lilT J'1; r illi ;t: 1'1 lll :II; FE :ll F*lli ::tr1lll
Bi ;IJ lillli'l!!it;;t "l'If:1ll!llil Ji!! A'J J: ll ll!f! i'1l Ji\; Ji!! #J ;lg~; i1!Jj( ' Jj( '!":;'; iEJ ~ i1! $ K,
~ K, ~ KH , ~ lFi :Ii 11iJ jJl;J!!JI< K, - K, 1llil i!~ Jl' ;lJ h ; ttlft ;lJ z.. 7): 'i"ttEJ x lilJ '!'<ff , :II; iJ< '!"Ill:
l';Jl';lj ZL. x>l'fi!fl'tlfJB, i!!.J!!!fil 4. 5. 11\' /jlf;J; , :)l;lllffftil!(FEiJ SJ j\; ( 4. 5. 5lll!;;< tElilf J'I; Bi:IJ
~ 13'. at ,xt W: 'il: M. ' o ~IJ ' - t J1Hr :f'>t :fr "l' Jlt 1t 'I' 'if VJ i'E i"' t Q '- i"' 'if lt & It!! 1! ''IR lil '!:!
B, Jil/I! ii! i\ll.!hl V.Jil ttM 9'il!I' :l:#J CJ , ep
*'I'*
dV
~ = q(r)
d'<
QB
2L
(4. 6. 78)
= -
'fJl!'il: <4. 5. 5>x-tat1<1:f'>t ltiit HJ !Ef;:fr;/TIA'; ll!itiil:Jil

p,
p(x,y,z,t)~ ~-~:r;( 2~) J:~o ~exp[ - [erf L

[1
+ (:c - x.,)
./W
5. I 0) ii'. x (1'J
"ix:~)x]
+erf L - (x - x.,.)l
./W
+ 2 ~exp(~ nl~~v'). cosn1r z;cos nzi ]dr
X.:li ill :l:xt J: A Jllii' % :l:illl lt .le it K

( 4. 6' 79 ) (1'J 7G !II: illl ll' 'ii: 1iJ
iiill:< 4.
(y
(4, 6, 79)
- KdKH' hi - h. IL,
WIJ A
4 ill< "' '" , i$c # ~. It ;; Jill!!

--
186
Po(,r,p ,yp ,ZD ,t0 ) =
~exp [-
n J'r'
./1(
4
er
I I - (r 0
-.=
x,,,)
v4r
KH
<f.cLl
PD(xn.MvD,zn,tn)= fif'v
4 .. a
J[erf }...:t:.i.:i:.:;:;:
..:'.~P.2
vor
][i + 2 ~
L.,exp
(- n ir'KX1'
h'i
a
J. d:r
(4, 6. 80)
Kv
.xv= ~cf~I
"t <4. 6. so liHi1 T lf 71< 'F'ltll'J BifJ :\tlll'.

-y.-o. r!lo'i\< 6. so)il]''Fj~
)'wv )i
r
COSn11'Z,..pC'OSn1l'"Zr;.
x=
(,Yn
<~uyr
Kv
Kux
il'illil\il.~ !1i
KX
(4. 6. 81)
!>! a 1ll!illbol:71''FJt\1llll!iflJ 'I'" , ~U
x,
~.... exp(- Yb)
1
[erf
~n + erf l ~n]
4r,
4r
4r
~r
(4, 6. 82)
lJI! HJ!' Jt \1ll '1' flJ BifJ ;l!J ;\lf !i\'!'E , !*!\ii. Yn - 0 1'11 '" - z,njf, :ffiJ!J;lt ldi JlliJR xv i'J flj, Goode and
Thambynoyagam (! 987) :\tmi\ 1'J itcl>li@:J\il. ;(E 3': 111 P !ifl!l'J 7GJit'l'ill" J<i 1'J 0. 869 j(J:. l'i jg 'i\
( 4. 6. 82 )Ji!'f z 1ll!li!lfJtJ!l'1ll! '/' ,g ,!Ji V) Jlit Xn - 0, 738 Jtl:,
7J< 'l'#illiilblfl!~;f/i JI( 'F'if !ll:li 'Er Z. 1lff ll!'i'illl ill!!tl: T' J!iil! lli:tl p, flJ 'Fl#iilt;!;, Jf Ml
i:Fllt !t:li\!t f%l i#!Jli\'1\@;i;Jfr Ill l&i.1-fi! llt llil"' ,\j' i#!Ji!'1\li I~ :k, rb It 'I'* tfj i'Jlll! l*lll!
:l!l'li''f h\WlmlfLA 'if11ll 8'J1't 1l!;. 1'i!ll'l'l!l'1illllll::t1lff, 11' 'F'lffi! ililll!lliU[ T' x Iii! 'Fllii BP yz ''
ilif "'1 l'J1l' r'1 lM.. !ii f!llK'' l1lt 4f8'Jl'1i1'~ " ili "1! "i'lllH!il!\iill .j!! ITT T' 71< 'Flt 1!1~1" , llt,\\\i'J l!lUil
'I lcl .tl\li, 1'E\ l!l:1" foJlfL ;;!J li'I :tFw, il!illl ili "1! ~ J: T )'; i!l!Z: - :;lg X'lft>llii i'Jili!JAt!M.;;!Jlfl!. i:l:Jl!l!i
J: T jllj 1' l1' llii 'I'll! 4f1'! i1I El'r --1' ;it 'E !!' "1'J .:t JEi .!'! 7'i 'if~ flJ - t ;it 1:l!l >I Z. il1r 8'J !Irl1lt tm
J: T l'kl</fll ,!'i!!l!lm!I! 4. 2 x IJilttl':B'J~ llL '1l'IK'F'if 'l'J: Tit!)'; l'J.iell!:kl&11l~ mtlill ilir
!ft ri\1:1li% IB:ll! '!' .\\\ El'r ;j( 'F'if, xti:l:f+tlfl!icfi 7Gl'!li!'1'1!1~ It, file\:!E;I!; i:l:Ut\J! i!ll Ji! z= 0 1'11
z = h fi'J J: T )'; ilif xct T' illliili<l!J !It~ 1J' l'Jflf i!l .141'\J! /Atilt 'ill !\'I i~!il . JI!=: 1' 1ll!iill li'I PJ '11<1' 'I' .J!ll
!il:ttlAt iilJ JIL "i J: T l1' i!ll !!' "JlJ#i: Z.Fw f!Hlii Jf r'1iJt:II!:1J, ,'1l'IK .lJL It 1~ t< ilf i.liitt i\ :;lg iJt iill '!if
JI! ili Jlll { 'Frrr y 1ill!i 11 ili llll 'l'li'I !il:ttiltNP 'Fllii 'Ffi'lti tml!Hf 41.Jm 1'<Jll:;j( 'll 1'iltiillli'l::f
ili ll1l. li! l!Y 1'1ll!;;!Jl!JJ!! xy 'F 1lif J: El'f {;;',[l;J lM., ilfll:;J;i '1'1\'11" f1il 1ll!. J.:l:Jl!<E r. T Jt1 J'l. ll'~'J i!!JE 1iA
fci 1'i !$C;(EJj( 'Filif (xy l'F lJii J:h\ l!Yllii/\.:If lll! r'1 'if\1ll fiilJ!i ~ flJ, Jl!lii!!~l!Jii\!l'tlll! ;l!J l!J. J:1; J!!;(E
1l l1' i111 ill!'!' ilillll flJ , !K>1!'.( 'f r'lilii ll''!i~ll'J 1ll!iill, xtxl'!l;kill! ill!T ili ll1l 1$iili iilll\'I. JI! l<Ji!Qil.l\'l It.
'1i!M.. xtr 'Ii"'< ID! 1'<1ll; J!(B'J !Elli it! l'l'Jki1t, 1'#1' 'fl li'l!l!tt1'tofll 'flli'l 1"fli11ll!, <E!iili'l 1'19fit!J'I.
IE ;0 mii: lti I'll lt,/,li /Ji:iill
,tt !Jil!t ll'J ILl'i'IAt iJfJ lt'I Jt4'1'1\li'< ili Jlll , J:1; l&tl T' ill! lit ll'J ll>iit:fll J: !Jl, T Ill: it! J'l.Jki'f l'J'li
!lt, RP 111! ili ll1l J ;lt;B-1lliJ1" !ii 1!!.:f-!!f, /Ji J;.( 1K 'F'if B'J iltiilllfl!tlfI< lt4')'. l:,;i, , ;j: ~]['if lll! il/Jlt'i~'
!!f lilJ ljl. Tllii rt;('; c!i!lft illJ li'l ll'J l3S :ti llll! ii1" 'll'>l' Iii
!l ~lfl!lf r.J>M -9fa1i''lftlflli!l!i1'1, H ;j:i.1Jl1l tE ;fllf 1111/fr x 1liln r'1. 'J J!il'J 1'!- r'lJltt, !K>
if')'i\ l 4. 6. I 1J J'E j\jilfliljl.{i'z ill'J r'lf
0.
187
P-Rf"""'
p,.
2. 121
io~ ~~
[lgt +lg ~ + o.
JKuKvL
+ o. 8686Sl
9011
J4.Tw
(4. 6. 83)
ll! J: l'\ :f Xi!il!ti lit# ;Jt 11' Kn K, fl'J )ii; Ill I;( ll. 7J< 'f #'!i!&'. llil i' S ,
2) llllllllltillt 1'; *'I'-# Jll;iii:J;t fll (1<1 J: rn ~ l' Ji!l , ll!Jlll 9' l'l f 1filli r:1 'f rr ff'J * '!"#.
'1<1f!E;i.lj'i")IJ d~min(z,,h- z.l'l!f;;<, WY1if
p.,1 = p, - 2. 121 X 10
'
QB
J KHK,L
[ 2Igt+ Ig
IK::rz
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ltl -
milll Iii: .e lll! i I'll Ill'-
(4.7.2)
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"
-l
- n 2n-2r)
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11 2JT 2 r)
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(4. 7, 4)
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an,,
"' ( 4, 8. 13) ;!; itl Wli!JI Jil!i lll'J'!i' Ji!:
Gp1::: =GPj,_,.. -Gpj,_ =-Gl._/Ctl
(4.8.JSl
!:'ii; 'It lf! =t-~'ii;lll:Il.:11: llSI ',\] ffi 'ii; (4. 8. 6) , t >t flt G- 0 ji!J r~ 0 flt p~ F(r') , j1f VJl:='ii; fl:
)1.(4, 8. !3lftHJ:
~+O
1lJ!l!
p(r ,t)-
fG ,.,F(r'
j
)dV
if:_J;<r'
,r)G<lVdr
'
' ._
.......... ,,,.,..... "
--- . __,_..___________,__
~
.,
__
,,._,,
,.,, .-.......... .., ..

~_.,
104
xJ:.,tJI G~
.Jt 'fl ,'Ii' l/J!I Fn ~ Jlf iff Ill l/JJ'hlH'i' <4. 8.

(4. 8. 5)1ffl4
ap
G an,.
- p
~)ds,dr
'
2) 1'U <4. 8. s) ill1r lt'.S/,
(4.8. 1sJ
Ill G l!i1<4. 8. 2) ilil:I? Ill p :Ji!
a:; = T,l GI s, J'<

/Jan,
, r,i )
<4.
8 17 )
;!;'!' ,G I,, 1-J#Hl<Pli tt G l'EJ'f ilif S, t Ei'J ill'. ~'it< 4. 8. 17H~A <4. 8. 16 l iff ~ lli1J Pli 'rt p (r, t >Ill
!!> #lil tt G(r, t ;r' , r) 'if ff- E!'J!li*
p(r,t)=- !G(r,t1r' ,r
O)F(r')dY'
+ ~ J:w IG(r,t1r' ,r)q(r,r)dVdr

0
f' ' f
1
+ X =O~s, T,G(r,t1r'
,r)l 5, f,(r,t)dS,dr
(4, 8.
18)
.Jt 9' , ii!'. Iii -JJI JiHt MO>:l!illt!J'l.~fi!!.!l'i = !! l/JJ'f '.SI l!J Ei'J. ~i!!J'I. i!ii >~ J Ei'J l/J.J'i.!l'd'i'fi!! !Pi:::'.#!
Ei'J,~1Jx!;C4. s. 2)jiU (4, 8. 5)9' h,~o,f!!l'i!;C4. 8. !81Ei'JJ!i'it1'1f:,c!fll.!li#liltt G lllJi!~!llJ
1\lJ ll!l"'1 " - o E!'1 l/Jl'HJH'i'. *l/JJ'f oo , ~ j E!'Jl/JJ'f *i'l'J!olll-#! Ei'J mu ,i: c4. s. 21 fl1 <4. s. s
1, ~ o. 11u111x!;< ' s. is) !lli'i-lll'1'fllilll!~ Ill 1, ~ o f';A , mll!i:%'~ it c4. 8. s 15'fi'!lnl':%' ~ ,
>"'
(4, 8. 19>
(4, 8.
20)
(4. 8. Z!l
+ xJ:w~tJM.cr .)ds,-dr
.Jt 9' ,M, tr ,t) Ell 'it (4. 8. 20) it lfj 'it C4. 8. 21) l!:t:l!o!ll !lit!< iili ltt'i! 'l'li'! il!.1J !t ;/Ii -l!i!$titx!;. 'E:
Eli lJlf !l!Ji!Z , l!l-tJ! JI, Ell tJJ .lfl!t 1li Pli~ F Cr l M lli1J Ei'J :l!tili\, !Pi::::'."1 J!o ffi ill( ir:))';/li Pli ~ q Cr .t)
;~ !f1J Ei'J jl:[ifi\, !j!;=ctJ!J!o Ell l/JJ\'-!ld'i'4P'lf1J<:ttR~ lil l& f, (r .t) l't ffi:IJ li'J:l!tili\.
E\ tJl,J~'f-!ii!=:!tl I'~ !l!imlf:i~ 8'1 !f :IJ *it>l: .M'f =!111!1<-!tl!llJ!i, f!!l'it \ 4. 8. 21) 1ff VJ
ti' i1! , ii' Iii! 1t
=!t111~ X<i''f =!II till Jli. j.il tHl'.lllfll>f '7' fl1 8 lil ~ J<r- r Ji!lllJ(ljJt=!it Ei'J , fllJM, l'EJ!i'
ill ~jiji~ 9' S(r-1 )~8<x-x' )ii(y-y'), IKJ;< R o!U~;it dV t!l:"'l!llfR A tlli!ii7" dA, WJ"'x!;
(4. 8. 2Dl'ii!it1'
p(r.t) =
fGCr,t ;r
'
r = O)F(r' )dA
+ ~ f:w J(; q(r', r)dA d<

1
'
(4. 8. 22)
:it 'I' ,,, fl! d" Ji!:.:::!ltiiilfl A ii'! 'JI! i 1' )lfJ U!i!IJ'l-.&:iti11<5G" M, (r r )1Jlj'.lizl: (4. 8. 20) lE )( R :f
Ji (4. 8. 20) 'I' s, i!ZJil; ,, ilii B
-tfli11l!j. X-!'f-!lt11J!>, 'V' fl! 8 il\lil!Jil;-tfliil'J. jjlJjm, -!It~ '.lt!tJi!: x. WU S(r-r >-8
( x- x' l. ttzl: (4. 8. 21) 'I' r, Ji!:~ R .dV fll G ;lil JS\C!i!!ill: JI< x, -!It i*il!: L,dx fll x' G Cr ,t 1x' ,
r). 'fJi!:Ji'l'i\(4. 8. 2lli\\lit::!J
p(x,t)=
f:c''GCx,t 1:r:'
O)F(x')dx1
,t' =
+ }f:_~ x'PG q(x
,r)dx1 dr
'
(4.
.r' J, G(x,t1x' .rlf,(,' ,r),

~-
{ - x" 'fl,
I,.., i,1.cx
s. 23)
X:t.:::,'O#!Ull'r'
(4.8.24)
,t)'
XHl!-IJl>U!J'l-
:it 1' x'' Ji!: SrurmLiouville ,liili'll:, Xt'f lf-lllili, -!t12 i>J lilifll -!llil!Jtli> fllI clilil!lf.f 'll< P 5t ~U
jgO,lfll2.
4. 8. 2
lS~lillt0\l~li7Jl1i
.t - 1J' 11' 1111 :\ T Ill !if# ill 'll<!ill lit ti" ff IX ill' lili1rf.l! il'J -Rl!l!! ii!: ,x:t T- ~it , .:::illifll -!!It1t
Jf'J;J !if tl T Ill !if# iii l!V!l<ii\ ii'! Bi;t.J ti . i!~'f!f >!<!ff f6J Iii c4. s. ll- c4. s. 3! '.It Jil; "/-:;J<'.il! ii' ii'! fl!
#iii 'll< f6J lllL : 1Jlit ft ml!J ll!t ti; i! ~fl!# ill 'll<il'J -!'f1r!ill lt1rlliJi!:.ll!: 'f jf! 3. 1-3. 4 1J11Jf 1111
:\ii'! 5t .111 '.ltltlli Ill 5l-1"!'.lt!tlli >)t li'lff lX fiil llll <~lit ill! fl! J\J lit~ (ll J\:lt~ Q.I f ff IX f0JIi
I a
(4.8.25)
\72p(rft) = wx
'
~ + H,p =
i!ll'I- s, .t ,t >
O,
'
IZ:~Rpg,t=O
p(,,t)-F(r),
(4, 8. 26)
(4. 8. 27)
l'lilll 4. s. 1 1J11Jf1. i*ff !K fiillliil'J ll!#lil lJrnitlll/ Jil.Jmrlilll!IJ r~m,
i; ,
IZ:Jiji; R Pl ,t > c
(4, 8. 28)
iG
an,+ H,G = o.
lllJ'I- S, Lot> r
(4. 8. 29)
G(r,t)=F(r),
t<r
'iJ 2G + iO'<r - r')IJ(t -
r) =
(4, 8. 30)
l'!i .~'1:(4. 8. ZU!itll: B'JBi:iJ iii~ pCr.t) il'}-Rl!~iil'i\ .~JljffiiJ!ll!l'f q(r,t) = o./,(r,tJ = o,'f
Ji!: ff!)::l'Ett fiiJ I'll< 4, 8. 25 l- (4, 8. 27) il'J !ff ilJ Ill :1\'!)::l!ll l!IJ i'Jll!l <4, 8. 28 J- <4. 8. 30 J il'Jlil! G <r,
p(r,t)
jW,jm ff!):: )i!Jirlfii) ll!i (4. 8.
fccr,i,r ,, = O)F(r')dV
(4.
s. 31)
' Jll 5)- ;\I{ '.lttlliit!:fl>Jttt#l''f!fJirlijl!ii<Jil;Jm f J!>z\:'

25 )- (4. 8. 27)HJ
p(r,t)
Jc~(r,t 1 r 1 )F(r)dV
'
(4.8, 32)
;!;'/' ,G, j!!ift1f!X1'1li!S'Jilf;l;j<li~L i1f'i'ti4. 8. 3Jll;'<4. 8. 32lX~.~-T1lJ'lll'!i'ili .J'fli:ii!Jl!ifiil

lil<4. 8. zsl-(4. s. 27lS'l!ll;if<t>&'l!':/E r~o i!<J'/ihS>'t1lJ'l1l G, J!!ift,!P:lf
G(r,t;r' ,r = 0)
G~(r,t1r')
(4. 8. 33)
"< ffl-1!'.~ Jf( (J'J !1!4~ J\'IXii!!!llll'l l!!l ( 4. 8. ! ) - ( 4. 8. 3) ff'Jilf ;if<li!'I!' G(r ,t ,r' , r), 1': Ii'-*,
l'iiJ Ill Jt,Qll,PIJ fo!1'J!ll G <r ,, ,r .r - ol lf1'J li!!!ill: c!. s. 2D 9' !'! !ll;if<lili ~. 1:1 T Jl!i~ill:t-i'JU, Jllffl
~i1ii,
n* ,m
m* m" *
.m
'*
m"'
Ii!! ;;: "' 11q1. - r l!l :=: 1" IJf

'~ 1'!\?t 11: ~
ix ii!! i'il g !'
!ill:
(4. 8. 2J)flllf'it. ::flfl!;Jtl1Jl,i1fJl'IX>E!i'lr6Jll!<4. s. 25)-(4. s. 27J;;jt111i!<J G(r.t;r ,r~Dl'i'i!<J
1 ~mt 1- r lltJ!! 4Fl'f!Xii!!i'1"'1!Illc4. 8. J) - <4. s. 3) li'n''lf #@'Ii'. Eb!;( J: i~lr 1l)' !;(ff HJ Iii~,!\'
11Ht lil'i1Ut!*:>Kjjf.1f 1Jz !Ejjf.f'J !lli <4. s. 2sl - <4. s. 21i. #i1f Jl!il'I !ft C4. s. 32 J S'J:lf''il:. >Jt11!
G, Cr .t, r' J , ll}i1f ;II; 9'S'J t ~Ji'< t-r, NP jigJli HJ 4e3\'li;)i!!i'lf'Jli! (4. 8. !) - ( 4. 8. 3) i!<J!ll;j;fqjlj'tt,
4. 8. 3
ljl
m. l!l '1ri"i 'J' 1\'S'Jtt;J;. PT:Mi Jll ill ;if< iili 'Ii'!* :>K !1'14' 1f IX4P Ill i!'< ii> iii 1'1 li!~J :lrl*ff lll! ~3 li'I
Jmr,
!I! -ff ,9e!l! 5tlil'i 11: :111* Jf( 1111"i4' JI' IX ftiJ !Ill ;ff!!< S'11f 1" fiiJ I!!! i:!:Jk 4' 'Iii :.7ltf!11'J !VlHlifil
W, c!\ fl1 ii!.lC~li:l!! 3. 1 '.l[J!! 3. s '!';Ill i!Z !lfl5tNP 1lJ'. i1f i! -t-m.~lll!Ji'<it (4. 8. 32 l i!<J if' 5!: , Jf(1!>
(~(r,t;r'
r).
l!l :=':;ii, i1f Jl'(i1f 8'J lll;l;f<iili 'l:l'.*fil Ill S'J!ll'li' ftAJl!lll: <4. 8. 21 i, <4. 8. 22 J;Jt <4. s. 23 J , NP 11;
m iili 'Ii'l'<ffi !'!. p (r .t)
lll Wl ff !\' l!l tt I: I 32; 14'!ll 51- ,ii\'; 11::111;1* 1119'! Iiil1H'i ff~;(:!('@ R,(J: #
ill: ill )jJf V,j -!!'.
tl! 11!- r Ell !!!:=:ff111 1tt i!<J Jl!IJk l'i iilli Jj!jft J'll ild'f l!1''1l i<fl., f'f' Pll llt'l'lllf.@ .11Z Ii!! 1'btl J'll j,f'f' it<
'1l !Iii j,j'f i!<J lRJt l!ll il!fi 5t !lfl JR 5t , '1'1' J!Jiil! i!<J 1'!\ 5t '/<it'll: 1ll t: S'1 it ffl
ft 'If J::l:lltJ!! M~ !ii
3. 5. 4 11' 9' !!Jilt!'! Gibb, lll!a'< S'J:l.ri.11.
iX Ii'!\! ft Ill !If*" Jill 'Ii'!*Jf( !1'14' JI' IX ii/I lilt fil ,m ;;i,~i!llt\l: 1t. * .~ !;( J: 4 1-;ii !lllli!l'ff np 1lJ':U<
ill !Ji'lll'i S'1 !ii* .
!'If*
'"--lit
II'"'
4. 9
#f:l*mf&~(J{J l!:Zm
J: -1' iliJ ii: T 1lf# !'& '1!'1*!1'1 ii> lit!rl'i! llJ -l:lll! #5fll 1Tl*ff lll! , lji:1'1?rlg1': S'1A1* 11ZJ!I
4. 9.1 IS~illttE.S.~~fiiil'ftcp~filZl'f:l
ii<:lf-111 o,,;;x<J. IK~El'JJ4J hlt:ilk!i!. W!lil lli:i:J jg F(x) 1i"i lMI lli:i:J '11:1l>t!al t 11'.Jt, j)'~ti 1:1 f,
(t) !~ f, (t) , it:!!\Jl;lg q (x ,1 l )jt!fifJ 5t ;/ff S')j!!J;!i;J:,
;r9e'!'J 1tt JJt """"' !l2l P!l r
197
O<xO
p(::r:,t)=/1 (t),
x""O,t>O
p(.-.:,t) = ~1 (t),
x = L,t
PC:c.t) = F (x),
ifp
-l"P
D.Ti+ ;.q(::r,t)- X at'
(4. 9.1)
(4. 9. 2)
(4.9.3)
>O
< x ~ L,t =
(4.
o. 4)
!II ffe. ,l;lfl 5r Ji!-i!'lltl:l< :;Jt~*1J !l'.:lf !k riil l!l!fl'J !fl!, !ll:lf !kil!ifl!fJ l!l!:l1
~p.
1 ap.
a;
axi = :;:
P(:r ._,,.. 0,t) = O,
(4.9.5)
(4.9.6)
p,(.T = L,t) .-.-.-.- Q,
(4,
ph(x ,t = 0) = F(x),
(4. 9. 8)
9.
7)
flt~ !T li!~ttl:l<. ~*lk r~ 18l 8'.Jnl' ::\1
p.(x,t)
'i
""'J:,~o[ ~exp(= ni;f) sin n~xsin n~x' ]F(x' )dx'
ll!=;i>, :#i .t'tl:;:lrll'i-'t'l'<l::lti'\:fiW G., Ill t-r

<4.
ft1l'~ 'l'a<J t
9. 4) Ji.If !!la<! 11! :lt:ii!i I/Ii:

2 ~
n 2 ~X(t
j_,.. -
G(x,t1x1 ,r) = L L..Jexp -
r)
(4. 9. 9)
HP 1!!il!JW rJ Ill! C4. 9. ! ) -
Js111. n1f::r:
. n7rx
ys1n L
(4. 9. 101
.~1
ll!.:offe. :#11' <4. 9. 1oJJ'Jf~>IifJ'J11!:lt:ii!l/ll: rtA0l't <4. s. 23 l 1!:11'.lilJJi!iJi!lJ!:! l'h\'d'f llliJif ll!
-'!:! fJ'J 1l. h, - h, -1 , mtiill Ill 11! w'!!:<!:"' rn m::\1
1
rCKlXt)
. nn:xf' exp ( 11 ir2Xr)
- t- sin
, - fl
Z L._;XP
~
[' + -X,1 ~[,om\
~
+ X f.,2 ~exp
-~
. n'-1r:J:
'1
q ( x 1 ,r)dr'dr
~~o
L
n'<'Xt)
n"<'X) f 1(r)dr
-y- nn.
ys1n nnxf'
y = 0exp -U
n~n:ixt nrr
nrrxf'
( n ir'1Xr)
--r;r,
I~siny ~ exp -V / 1 (r)dr
0
2
2 "'
-XL~(-l)"exp
,I
~4.9.11)
JIJ:nl''i\:
(4. 9. 11 J!\'.JT%U~'f f, (t);<!l f,(t), @! x-0 ffi x~L ftA.t'i\:!ltlll! p(x ,t)j;J~f 'I', l1"1llt
U; 14' ffel ilif E>] ffl\lll JI', l::l't#Ji!l'f ;lH1 !'J Fu Jl!iJJi @;It 1'i !' x- O;<11 x- L JIJ: 1' ll!l-l!'<l/lt@!I !'J li!Jl'lt,
Ji:i~U; -Ill ifl;IJ'J 1Jl:l1!.l!X& (4. 9. 1 ll '!' Ji5 Ji!i JlJ[;\; J1tff .fr1!fi!QJT, 'i'f Ill ~B lil! fi'J i!tfil iil!itl'I: f\:1!1'~
'l'fl'J>al/ll:' Fo ji!jlj; 9'!J\:fr Of~ mt
Jilll!!!i".~llfittl'f'*f'f:li!ili/ill@, J'/('i\:(4, 9. 2);<11(4. 9. 3),{ x~o ;<11.r-T.
! 1 ,~(t) =
f',., :~
e
t.
fi.~(r)dT
(4. 9. 12)
198
i ~ sio~:;1L)[!1CO)e"" ti;i + f: . e-"i" 1S-)df1(r) J

2
+ f ~ (- l)" sin~'f1~)"1, L) [l'i(O)e-" Z;u + f~-o e-" .;i;~;-n d/2(r) J

1
.tft:i!iJj!lj JiJ1 li'1 !!l'tlt1l k'.l T tt fll "11i1ift: cff 1'J :5J 111! Eil llll11'
1_
i':
L ~~ 1
n'Ir/L
IEf ffil EE ill Jllif<f'f Jl! ~ li'J l!il 5t
p~(x,t)=
_ .!!_,_
---- 1 L'
sin(nn:x/L) _
(1-
+i
c liE Ill! l
j_ ~ (- l)~ sin(nn:x/L) _..:::.

[, =i
- L
11:11:/L
C4. 9 14 )
p. (x , t) :Ji
~.J!1(t) +
lfi(t)
_ 1- ..,
0 sin(nx/Ll
IL
L
(4. 9. 13)
nJt'.
=I
..."f;c o !
!&\ii VJ 1: l'lt1' k'.l kl, .lll~;jf x~
[r (O) e _.',', + f'

11
p, ~ J.<tl , x =
r~o
( )]
e _.;,"-''dJ
1,i
1 :r_
L ! p, = f, Ct l, fl:kl nf:llHE:IJ 5t 111 ii!i 'flt
p(x,tl'.qlft.
1
X 2 ~ '1:u
n:fl'xf' _ e~ L~vf', sinyq(.z:',r)d.x'dr
n:ri:x'
+-;r-rz_,eL
siny
~n)
r-0
+ Ph(x.t)
.r-o
(4. 9. 16)
ft:. 9. 15 lil't lfl
iX!tJ11tlll m:lt ii!i ttl* >ltllf li'1 fl:IEt!li JI!.

TlliiltJe -~fl! J(l.!tJ 11fl!l:fil'% ,
1) fJJjfl !E:IJ 1;)1\" ,t >O il>!l!l.W. J:JE!EJ;):l;, ~p F (x l ~ 0, f, Ct) ~ f, Ct l = 0.t- 0 il>!"1lli!l!'
1'J q(xlli'1illll>lll!!. itcris:l+11il!l:ffl'if',.,ft:c4. 9.16lfl!lt1'7
~ 9' , p, Cx ,, l Eil
(4.9.17)
(4.
9. 18)
(4. 9. 19)
F (x') =q(x' ) I I< Xt !Ii :1J {fj Jl!~,

2) fJJJ:li!E:IJ FCrl =O.t>O BtiftJll!E:IJ
ilf, BP qCx" ,r) =q(c)o(x' -
x,).
1' x=x, J1:1f-lliil!'Jil q(r) li'Jjif~

Mri:l:#""IJl;tlfif', ft'.<4. 9. 16) li'ilt1'7
f, = f,=O,
(4. 9. 20)
199
~-~~~~tt~n~
1Jt;11;~111 i>L 'f '1'1Ja R 1J 11111 JBlll! Ill! zJ:. rn 'f lli! r J!:H!l:Jil\lfll. ll!'nil.lll! oorm.
4.9.2
:i; li'll!J lll!
ilif lJi: ~ , A>/ lll! !>! ill: if it 71: , <'ill!/. r = R lt 1':t 7): it ill!/. 1: !ILIJ J; f <t J .El 13: ~ i'l llll 1;' ii j} <li
q (r ,t) , lf llfliJ):atlll!il!tilllfl ff.fl J; F(r) *it7.ki;J: 9'lll!ll! BifJ '.!!" ittil%,
it r1J!!l11'1 !!'I "I" m
{
J'.ll:.~ !ii 4.
J"'
~+!a,t+~q(r,t)=~~
O<r<R,t>O
(4. 9. 2ll
p(r,t) = f(t),
r =
R,t > 0
(4. 9. 22)
p(r.t)=F(r) 1
O~r~R,t=O
(4. 9. 23)
s. s Ti FTii, iif tlir'1J il'iillitl:ff,

!ii
5tJ!l 7l"lil! "il' llllf m-lll !i" lJ :II' ix r'l ll!l it 11' ix~ llil fii1 li!l tJ
*.
l*
il'p,
ar-1
+l
>p. = lap,
rar
Xdt'
ph(1 = R,t) =
p"(r,t
O<r<R,t>O
(4. 9. 24)
t> 0
(4. 9. 25)
0,
0) = F(r),
r~R
(4. 9. 26)
1f!l!i:lt Jllf 31: JI l!f , Jt ix ""l!!i 8'J Jliil J'J

ph(r,t) =
f'
"'"'~
r [~i::e-P!x :f.;.~f!.~'..2. J~(fJ"r' )]F(rl)dr'

R .~ 1
l1(fJ.R)
(4. 9. 21)
;11;9', p, fl: Jo <P.R! = o lJ iEi!I.,

ll'l ::::ffe, f .tiJ::&l!i"l- Vl B'J ~Jtol:;tifl' c., Ill 1- r fti!!' ;II; 9' t PP ill~$ rel J!!l (4. 9. 2D-
<4. 9 2 sl WT I/It lJ Illi* iii !!'!
,r)- RtL..Je
1. ~ -.a!X\-<! JJr,(/3,r)J
(> ')
(4 9 gJ
G"( r,t,r
2 ("R)
I
G ,,_,..
" .. l
'-
1 "'"
li!::C:ffe , if!f ol: (4. 9. 28l~ff;1J!lltf<ii!i ~ 1-l:Aol: C4. 8. 23 J , 1:1:'11 r = R ;,/:illJ'l.111-i'ff! l!I~
<*:1J
(4.9.29)
~ ~"
J,<P.rlf', .. e~f'
+ RI2 Ax :::.e
Jf(/1.R)
,,_ r'J <"
,.,,r'J q <'
r ,r)'dr'dr
0
+ ~ ~e-ii!np~ ;;i%:~))f,_ 0 el.~/(r)dr
(4. 9, 30)
ll'! 11ll #' !itiif1!'!.=:$ Wf {llo1J $ iJ::lld!illlJ Ji!ill!/. r= R J: i!'Jill!/. '1i i'f (4. 9. 22), iii Ji<~ a] ,
Ill J'J p, f! Jo (p,R) = 0 lJ ii', Jltlf! p<R, t) ~ 0 ilif .'.f~ 'f f (t), J;!;Jl!dil 'f Gibb, 11111.i!i:nil.i!'J , J'J
Yifl#i:J;l;~~Ji. ~flJX1iJ:(4. 9. 30J9'li!"J!l!i!l'ff:ltllfll,fl7f,:j!fl,fljflr:fi:; /(t)
f(t) =
f''""
f(r)e-11.!i(-ldi
200
(4. 9. 31)
30)9'jf!=:~liJl,\'.'.lij'lil(
'fJlr'<l:(4. 9.
2 D J,(/3,r) f
Po= R ~ fJnJ1(/3rlR)
(t) -
2 D J,(/3,r)
R ~ P.Ji<P"R)
[f(O)~-;:x, + J:~Qe-~X"
ndf'(r)
(4. 9. 32)
'Fll!iiE aJl , J:>l: 9' f <11 iJ ~ lll:!ll.lll:ff'J l\f ffi JI' "1:7' H fF 7' :q l!lljjl;'11f l'l B Jif aJl l , n
..2. 'I; J;</3,r) -
R ,., /3,.T, C/3,R)
"'i'tr,\'.'.!'J 1:.116, Hi:I!<! r- R
)(t
p, - I
(4 9 33)
..
J'ic it, xl:!! J, C/3.R) - 0. .!!<Iii ilJ>fif ffijJ Jl' 'Iii Iii 'lit
(t).
'lull;
(
~vJ~(/3.r)f'
'J(fi'lF(')d'
) -1_.~
R 2 ::-1e
Jl(fJ,R) ''~or 0 ~'
r
r
p r,t -
~ .,:,,
J.,(/3,r)f'
+ R2i ,--xA,.,
-"'-'e
J'(R
R)
'LI"
'"f'
_e
"~v
-'~~
<' ') qr
c' ,r)d r 'd r
r 'J G f",r
~ ~ fi:'J1~fp;.k')[f<(J)e-ll;v i.. J:~Dc-~~"-rld/(r) J
! f(t)
(4. 9. 34)
i!;lit Ill ill *I' Pii lll:$'7K iJ ffi jJ :fr,.,

T ilii ltlf': JVl'i' i'!f .<1\ iJ Wfl<11\'11" ,
1) ilt 1'1 l!ll Jl'JiicllL ;J]ft~ ffijJ 7'$. t>O atl'Ei!!Jf r- R J: !:ti< il!:Jt1!iH1' iE.ffi::!J p,, r'l llil
Zlt<f ll! IC , ~~'f i:8: 1'f'!l'!'ii11\' % ,!!!1>!: c4. 9. 34 Ji!lfit::!J
0
2p, ~ J,, (/3.r) -itX<

( ) =p,-)fL...J
pr,t
.?J<'RJ'
.,~l t'n l p,
J1; 'f' ,p, ;lit J, (/l,R) - 0 ff'J lEilL

2J jjl; 1'[ ~ ll!l JI' Ji!! ll!. ;JJ ~IE jJ 7' '.lf' ,
fil!i!ll 19 q (t) !'Jiii !!ti!(' ap q (r' f) lt1J

p(r,t)
3l i!l: <! -
> Oat ~ :)J; ill JI- r -
q (r )a(r' -
X ~'.~ -#1.
'1fR:A:=te
,l'.l
iii ;ff' ll!l L. )(t

0) l2r x& 'f ;;l:1'f'j\\'fl<tfll' '!!'1 >l: (4. 9. 34) 1'lf
Jo(/3"r)
J~(finR)
R )(t jij\tli ffi jJ Jg '.lf' ,
f' ,
<w
e":&q(r)dr
(1. 9. 36)
~JI' Ml iii! , t!J ~ ffi 1J 19'lt JltFu i!iH;i.i!l.Jf J. )}! ffi 19 '!! . t- o l!l!:at l!ll r'l 'If ;m i:J!i :fr 'Iii
Jl(q(,),np q(r' ,cJ~q(r')o(r-0),
X1'fi!f'l'W!i\:'11\'%,f!!1:et<4. 9. 34li\!ilt7'
i:
?t. C-f;X! :!;.ii!:'.'.'..2.. rR r' j o(/3,r1) ~dr' 1

(4, 9, 37)
R .. 1
J 1 ({:J.R), ,w~
k
J::P: "i C4. 9. 34 >l!'J ll!~ Xi! TH tt "11:.l lll tli iii it, 1- o Atl!il !( ;<; qCr J l!'Jl!l!:1t&!l\X'1 &J; iJ lit iii* "i llJ
lt! ffiJJ :fr 'Iii F <rl ~ q (r JI< M!E iJ Jt 'Iii l!'J ff! ili*Jlrl\! '.!::~flt iJ
4 l i!l:1'1 ~ l!llll'M!lii! Wli! 13:1119~, JltFoil!l\l'lt!Jf J::!Effi 1951!. t>O IJ>t{E 1!11 r'l Jt .!Ji'lf "I'll!
.flt q, A'J ffl@E!lC M'f i!l:f'F~fl<1ii'*. j)lj,J: c4. 9. 34 l i\!ilt::!J
p(r ,t)
= ..
(4. 9. 38)
ill J:ol: 'J .w., i!l i-=llt, 'iO\ <I'll!:::. JJJiliif 1", vlt:>w'ltlilt!! 11\:!i B'J x~'fl!f'i'~l!l\li' q, tif!ll;ilii'J
II\ i1l Ii!> jJI[ , "It ill( "!"Ill jjO 1iJ Ill r 91J :If l'1 ifil i!1 jj.!iH'/'t! n<
(4. 9. 39)
p(r) =O,
r=R
(4.9.40)
xtr ;x ff B'J 11\:!ili!l!it ,"Fl!l!fll4

(4. 9. 41)
(4. 9. 42)
(4, 9. 13)
(4.9.44)
!ft11\'ltr Jt1i (Laplace) 51'.ilk!* !fl Ji! Ji': i!il!I\! 5t :1Jl!iH1'J -1'1!i>JI!1:i /ti , A 20 t!t le 40 'f f1: :ff ii! ,
r!J van Evecding"' nd Hu,,t(1949lWit\:1J1"5f)dlli"Cfi.i!~!li':!fi&\1'ill!llJJj\z)jj, ,SjJI! 3, 5 11''1'
Jili ~ if !l'i IR ?t'll'1*1**fl! ~!Ii' lill I\!5t :t:rl'i! 9'J :f rei z M: t 'f , ll!:lil~t 'i' r15t ltft '.ltJi:! Wat r\iJ
1 ci<ft 11: mr"' eJTif !l'1 n f!'tt llli'll' J*iti:lil n at rOJ 5t1*ft5t Ji< , w
~!Ii' il!l\'Ht :nw 'I' n at 1\iJ
fi'J lill1'1'n I~*, R ilill''Jl'i*'i! 1\iJ <;;<i!l"i! l\iJ l '1'1!! !llJ;lt i'kiii'IJ:< iii<~ liili 'IJ:> ~<t'i! IAJ 'J\::11:>1': ~'IJ:B'J
litI\! 5t :t:rll! Ji li!liz,:!'i' 'JI' 1*fl! Jldt II( lllJ 'I' ~J , jg r!J 'f l!f >!<ill ff<! If, ffi 'IJ: >Hll i!?. i:.t llt i!iPt Ill :I< lif tt
Al , mi llit T '.>' itlif l!fi"ll'JB J>f , M~ iii '111 B'J f!!l!i llt i)i{ :lill!l l!Hll llll !<J 151 iii! i*Jri'ii !l'1 !I'. ffl ti :lt ?ill "1
#IL ~JittlJ Ji\. A 20 t!U<l 10 'f 11: k'.1 !irl\Htrlfr'll:J*!l'J '111 lilllt i)i{1! T K:Ji!!l'J :ltlm. i11:11!:1l!lil
1ll' !ftltli 5E W!/til' ~Iii' jJ "" 'I' 1!! j!JJ ! I;!, !l'1 Jj\z)jj :f f)7,Jjj 'f "11Yl!tll!ii! , !fl Ill T' ;!(it lJ!l,)ii! jill jJ( !l fr !9t
lil Ill , :r; 1X ffl 'f 'f 1m Iii'~ ,m.'ll r ie 'f wr Iii'~ !l'1 ~Iii' .
'I'* R11Hl'lk WT 5E WI 9'J Ji! 5llk ~:!Ii 'I'tt!lt 7f lf1 , ~if it 5E1'119'J !llilillt i!i! jill 'lic ll!llt i)i{Jrl.li
k'.1 !lit\ fi1"1~iilt !if *ti Ji! i!IJ"\7)(~ lit('!' il'J :Jl;J!;;A~ !Ylll :if~ Duhmel Jl!ll!ifr 11-#!iE H)j ,
CE Vl !ii JL *'+'it Wl\!i II; r.J iiJl!ir 1trWr~ 19!1.ii 9'J rot Ill ,
!'
*,
5, L 1 !!2 fi lll Jllf ~ ~ il'il .lE .>:'.

[iii 'IJ: f Ct) !l'1l!11\l'!ftltli;!EJ* Ji15('1
L[/(t)] ""'](,J =
f~f<t)e."dt
(5. J.])
:it'!',' - + iw l\Ul'llc, "1<'1!ftffilrllii~l!1'5E lit. 7<.1i'i< j,1 liili'IJ: f (t J il'J 'J\:1'111'li ll!oiZi!l iili 'IJ: , jjjj
ft o n '1 i'cs l 9'J W, iiii 'IL !it11'1tr llii ~1* il'J llt i!i! "'>\'1
__
1 rr+""'
L-[f(sl] ~ /(1) = z.;J,_,~](s)e"ds
(.\, J, 2)
11\ ?tfil'li' s ff<! :J;; l11> Rs) ~ r ff<! ff~ 1ii!!!J1t1T,

1!1 1!1llii ~l9!:ff 1'E:li!liWJi! k'.11' = /~,fd'f'
i l :Y<~ll:t 8<J !l~ ffi 'IJ: f <1 l jill !' <1 J ;( 1;;.o l::i!'i<illll<?t jj!i!i<il , ~P ft ilf f>tl' 1! 1J!l~?ll: fl!J
"l 1-0 et.M:Jl;t}'f l !l'1 n{il,1"[/Ct) l;ll,;:/ll'H1'.11"l t<O et,fc11-o.

3) 11! 1-= 8>j, :fftE 1i! 'IJ: u;;.o jill M>O, li!1l! lf (t) Ie "o<;M.
;!i'/iW Ji! k'.11:2" 1-lki'f, ITTtl ]ts) :li\4''1" llif Res> l:: 8<J IM!iJf ii!i'llc, Re ~ii<)!; Jill.
.t:J1;~1f i!L r .:it1*>\ cs. 1, D "Jllll:f 1'1. fl!J~~, u 11! 1-0 at, .r<" llll '1,g , z) :Jl;l\I: 1
{it ,/(t),., ;;t;"1* llil lilf' 3) 11! t i~* 8>j ,f(I) t>:l!i'IJ:J!i>\:!tll!c.
2)
'''"''" "'' "' "'->-
203
<'E ti< mt '1' '!!'. !ll '1J ~11illl 1Uil'1i11' !k . ill 'It J .'> 8'J ~ lltlll 'II' lllJ!li ~l<i! '1' 51.1>!
L[/(t,c>]
= J(s,q) ~ J''
t=O
;ll( ]i:lll i\l'!!rllli ~ l!Y! f!<J lit ill! 0
f' /(t,)e-"-"ddt
(5. I. 3)
<=O
'it jg
(5. 1. 4)
a= Res,.I
Req, -
11'< args,argq < 1f
fl: :l-J~1*1ifil!, <'Ex!: (5. 1. 4) '1' ~ q~s .')f'.!j A3'!1iil5!':11! r f)ijj$;51';i ,ljiU:fl
](r,s) =
f~
f""
-0 ,.. 6
.f(r,t,r)e-- 1 1-'"dtdr
(5, 1. 5)
5. 1. 2 Ill: 'M Ill: Jlli ~ l!fl illJ .:!: JI! !'f l!!i
'1' 11':Irill lll 'll'!l'rllli ~l!Y! f!<J ;;\''f 1::!1'!'lit 1'E+Fn 8'J jjf J!I' :Ct i't '1' JS i!llttllt JiH~ :fl Ill f!<J
!!!< ll!t 911 !!! jjz#Ji !II! !11 ~JI} !iii 'It J (') ll'l '11' !l1 Iii ~ l!1! Ji! 51. 'it (5' !. l) ' 1l) !;I Ii :)I; \fl l\:
!' (t ) !'.I ll'l ll" ll'l J!li :it"
(5. L 6)
J: xl:ii! ff 7Hlil1'l 5t
~ ;Ji 3ft 1!>
L[f' (t)]- [/Ct)e-"];'
+sf~ !Ct)e'"dt
'" slu> - f<o>
cs. 1. 7)
,II; '1' ,f <oJl!iR 1- o+ l!<tiiii ll: J <t >B'J@.. RP iiii'lt-!11' 1'l''lt!'Jll1ll'll1J!li'll'J!k!ll'll'l'll'll'l'1i:lt:ll!: s JP!
l'J ii 'It J Ct) 8'J 51'1!Y! 'it~ :!;~ii 'lt:tE t ~ o+ B'l iiL
,J! (tjJt!!. !it:l!:iilf:15tlli!1'l 7t ll)jlj !iii 'It f (t) !'.I ::'.,!Ir 1'l' 'ltl'll jf Jl !Ir II' 'ltB'! Jil: 'i!'Jil:l!li~l!Y!.
L[.l"Ct)]
L[J'"(t)]
MJ- j(O) ~ ... ~
s'l<s> -
(5.1.8)
sf(O) -f'(O)
t'J(s) - s'''f(O) - s-f(O) - ... - f"'"(O)
r- "CO)
(5, j, 9)
~o f!<J~JJl<1ifJ!LljiUif
L[f'"'CtJ] - ~J(s)
(5. J.10)
RP ii 'II: ~r 11< 'It B'Jlil:'II' Jil:J!li'll' 1!11 ill'J- Jl'l t' Jl'll!li'le :ll!:f!<J n lie ;!;JP! Ll iiil ill: f!<J lll lll'llll!li 3\'1* ,
11Ht91Jjjztfjjz#Ji!fl!I!\ mJ!! A! )(.J': (5. L !l liJ' !;I Jftjlf !i!i'lt f (tl B'Jl'\\5}
r)dc f!<J ll'l lf
J:./C
g(t) =
J:,,. /(r)dr, g
(t) = /(t)
(5.).)1)
IJ!JJ'li g(O) ~ o.
M;'t(S. J. J1)j!ljJ.t!f)flk'll'llll!li~l!Y! ,'*f,,.J!ll j!;(S. j, JO). ll)ilj.
L[g'Ct)J
~ ,g:c,J ~ ,i[cf'.JJdr J
J:>!:Jl!iJ.t!ill< Ll !!r'll'llll!li:Jt:I ,, JHcJl: g' Ct>~ f Ct> , !Pill
(5, 1. 12)
204
(5. 1. 13)
(5. 1. 10
L[J:.f:' .. J:1'Cr1)dr1d2"d.]=
cs. 1. 1s>
;1(s)
1xJi*
lit ;l'l!i!!. rn iii / <,) fl'J ,, 111'll:frfl'J w. 'l!'t!:Jlli:Jt~'!l'r!fl if lillliill':llt , !'1 ,,

t rn iii 1c1J4'
!it fl'J !tr1!f !illlii J\' ~
tf ~ tt Ill <t;I l!J ::E li!D ilil Ji iJ iii J <o lit 'Ii' ti: JIJi J\' ~ ;E 51. ;'( <5. !. D , 1iJ' l;A ~ lfH'i tt e **
f <11 !i !fl ilf lili\li:!t~
I.[ e"'"'f (t) J =
a~~fl'J~'ll'~~~~
J~ (,"' f (t)e-"
(5. 1. 16)
*~8!lilifl'J::E51.
o.
(=,
d(x) =
~tri!!/~ x~o
l<s ~ a)
:r 0
(5.1.17)
x=O
!'JffMo[lllJ I 1'l
~.r:= O(x)dx =
J/5'(:.r)dr = i
(5. J. 18)
a'1littJ!l 1'l ~1' 1ll!!ll!tElt ''tif-l!lll: Pl '!Sr J (x) :fir

[,f(x)8(x)dx
~ f(O)
(5. L 19)
i\\\l!l)E 51.Jt: (5. J. I l;fV;'( ( 5. J. 19 l , 'f'lfi!)jt .f!!- d rili !it !'Jlil if !il!fi'Jl:~
L[O(t) J = 8(s) =
J~ e--"O'(t)dt
= e--.. v = 1
(5. 1. 20)
R~ 8 Plilifl'Jt!:'l!i'l~Wfl!'lj;'i''f 1.
'if jjl fl'J!li!~ i9: f
(t) fi1
g (t) {;!,ff t>O
f(t) * g(t)
J:f(t -
'f!if 'll'kA\;~ f g~ g J. '1<W- J g
Ht:/i iE 51.fl'Jj!lj1' Pl >lie, J;ij!!j1' Pl ~fl'J 1il!J1l!l1'f ")r)g(r)dr = f:f(r)g(t -
r)dr
(5. 1. 21)
il'Jtclf!ilJ\lil\'~::IJ
I.I/ g] = M ~ ](s)g(s)
(5. J. 22)
Iii: ;;,Jj! j!lj 1' Pl iii ti !J1 fl'J !il if !flJIJi 'Jl: jl;'!J''f ;'.:\'. j!lj i' rili iii :fr ~IJ J!tfT tf: if !ilJIJi JI' ~!Ii JI< fl'J *ff! ,
rWiiE~J1~111ie.
L[f g]
**" sc
T*/i ~
f' [/
f" [f'
J(r)g(t -
t=-0
'"'-0
g ]e'dt
-0
tl'11:l!1JJll)tJl\ililf '1cM 'A 0 'i!J t. !i.Uix1 t

=, llllll 5. 1, lllilif'/:(5. J. 23)lijpj('.!j'Jilt
f' [f'
t~o
r)dr]e-"dt
"O
f(t -
r)g(c)dc]e "dt
(5. l. 23)
. 0 'i!J=' "l'lfl'r!\:xt t A' 'ill= ,if.?J'1M 'A 0 l'U
5. 1
"'--il'c!i-J\~#<:ll.~li/;\
205
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~-
L [f g] =
=
f:l(r) [f:/(t
J:
f-(t)
0
-r)e
"dt ]dr
[J;-:,g(t - r)e-"dt ]dr
(5. !. 24)
016.::>"-:.:>.~L.:~~-+
;!; (5. J.l3) ltj ($. 1.24) ~!JHl'JlllJ):
Ill 5. I
'Jill -i'lli'!l':I!: ~ 1~11' t.~=t
r,~ti'll
dt = d1j, dtdr = dr
L[f g]=
f- g(rl[f" f(~)e-"+"d~Jdr
~=O
r-0
[f~_/<~)ed~J[f:l(r)e-"dr J
(5. !. 25)
= f(s)g(s)
IE lit i1E awr si: cs. 1. 22l fl'J .iE liflltE.

xtil:C5. !. 22)J!!j'flJtil[,iif1<!
L- [f(s)g(s) ]"' L- \L[f g] }= f
(5. 1. 26)
Jlit !if iJ! ,i!!i1''!!' Ji!! Jiii li!1l!i! II\ l1'J lit llii iii JiUfl'il: i!!i1-11! .fi\Z l1'J !l\ Jiii 11!1 a<J ;>/;II\
J 1'. ~!R 911 lil 'f lillVi!ll~ il fl 4> (t , r) 8'J ) >t
1J
ell' (t) =
L[4>'
(t)
Js
tP
f'....
(s) =
"'I!\"' )(,
4>(t -
i,r)dr
[~ f~ 4>(t, r)e-(+i.drdt
7f<!i'.Jilr.'Hil !IE Duh,mel "'!!l!i'l:flf l!J l'JJ r- 5C'ill!1111'J!ll 'lll'tfrWill:Ji!!.

!\!iff,lfl !II! 911 ~!II! jj(;;; 11!1 f (t) B'Jtfr !llWi '.Ji!' Ji!! "'
](s) = f~ /(t)e-"dt
<iiE 'JI b\I& l
(S.1.27)
(5. 1, 28)
(5. 1.
;fl; 9' J (s) JI< m\ il 'I!: f (t) l1'J 51: J!l! ii 11!1. Jlil{E \ti!!:'!!' Ji!! ii 11!1 7 (s) Mill 'If tfrlVi'.lt!lt s l1'J %11!1.
si: j!!j it! xt , JJ<: 1'11!111>

?"Cs) -
d~;s)
f~
(-
:!\'Mil:< 5. !. 29 l i!'llt!xt s ;t n 1!11" 1!<11!1, JllJ14
t)f(t)e-dt = L[(- t)f(tJ]
2~)
:fl!-l:
(5. 1. 30)
206
]'"(<) :: d'r,'.')
~ L[I- tl'/(t)]
l\t.llil!, 'l!'J!i!iii '!!'. 7 (<) ~~ ' i'J n !ft "'llltill'T' Jl\ iii'!!'. f Ctllli! iliiilllt 71,JXt' E'Ji!Ht.
29ll\liitl.!lu ~rJ b i!fi
!lbLi~
- j'w /(t) c
-k
-SI
- e dt
"
'!l'iiil/lt /ltl>lJ 1-0 HI
fltl/t
(5.). 33)
i'ftE,ffeHl!iilHJ--J1l:l[IJ:J!i:.
T'~Jil1t11."'iJ: b-~.WU'?\15. J. 33)
1!':'AJ
J:'!c<' Jdi
J~ !Ctl '~"di~ L[f;t) J
cs. J. 34)
l!l:Ji!! iJI. , l!:l!I! iii lilt f I'> fit .!/.. ' llJ = E'J .W,:fr ill'T' Jl\ iii lllt f It l Iii ll< t E'J tlL tlL Jli l!: .11
"1 T i"Z!'J/f i!'illlfil, Too"I' JL 1-~J'f.
fll S. I :1' !il( iii 'J'l: f Ct) - ce '" t) !ft 'l!'J:iiWf 1!' J!1!
Iii ll!ll!l'i!JUtls. !. D~&l:>l<lil!ifililllt I i1'Jl!:ll'li!Wi'if'llil:% J/,, l'l'tlixt<s. !.16lPJijl;
if, 8'J Ii lilt y 11'
/.[ceT"']= cL[eT"']=
fj!J
!Ill!
'
15. J. 35)
s. 2 :>RJl\iiil/lt:'AJ hlatlfo chCaiJE'Jl!r.1lNil:llli~.11.

)ij( Jlii 'l'l:
/
(t) = sh(at) =
(e"' - e-"')
I!! Jl'i ;E :X. >!: c5. !. D ,:f xft:>R 111:ittlL'11-l!r.Jli11' llil li!i lllt "1
f:C,J
1
ll'2 s-a
_!_ - _!_)a
s+a - s -a
T,(t) -
ll'2 s-a
__!_ + s+a
- 1- ) - scc-'-'-ai
s. 2
1~~m:wr'!f~ff{Jflffi'&l'N
tr'l!'!ftlli'l!'l!I! 8'J !1.'!t'l!l!Ji1!~!~l!I! Jlii fl: <!JX~ ii!illltl ](,)lit iJ! '-1 Jjj\ ii!i '!!'. f
(t) ,
it'li'!Wfli jji_
111! ~ 1' i!'l #If Iii -#If Iii ;11,f!J ffl 1\ll1' Ii'! tfr tr tv:Jlli ?lt19\ l!< NilHiil l. - l'i I~~ ii !'J tfr -lf tfrJ!li
;Jt19\li'J i1> l'i'ft!!tiilrr & 111!, "3-#lfliiJ!<l:li Jffillf 111! 05!: <5. 1. 2Jf!J ffl llll~ill5hil11'i!t'.ll'. Tllif
:ll-M~'f !!.( ~2'.
5. 2. 1 ~Jlf.lffiMffiM'lll!l!t!llta .Billll
f!J J!I J3! lf11'Itfr'll'tfrJ!ii;Jt 19\ 'ii! iillT lli' 111!;II,1it Ill li'J 1!!,;111$;! !\! l'lil I/! a9 'Jf lti ~t 'f Jil;l!!; t: "1 J!i! .I/!
Ii'! 'lt19\ ii!i !I!: l (' l mT A EJg,iit ili T '1:r (rJ fl9 Jl!(iii 'W1. 'ii! 5. 1 <fl 911 ili T -@{El# lJli. 'I'll: ~J'llt Ill fl9
jjfIii: t~
i.!l:t-cll<xt 'f 4- Iii fl9 Jit;l!:
~ag .
*.
"'ii"
!II!'- l
i!Hll~llill'llil!li'll!ljlli!
.1.
5
6
'
,.I
(>1=1,2,"')
12
13
14
I'(n)
(,.=l.Z"'
I
(.>+a)<;+(,)
II
2
_l__ t"-1
(n>o)
,,:a)"
10
..
.,,r;;;
,-11:
(n-1)1
(s+a)(s+b)
."
(ab)
(a"i*hl
I
$1+111
fl
'
r.~t
J 11'
I
12-111
'
.o'-11'
15
16
11
..L(ai--idnat)
sl(s'+al)
".;;;
-1-+a~" 1 'er!(a
J;
_!_e 'erl(a ./-;)
'
19
,;;( r.~,,;
I
20
21
22
C+a)
.;;+b
la#b>
e"'erlc(a ,/";)
. ; ;)
208
""
~~li&~J(i)
2,~
e .. ' r;-
24
_l_e
.r-.
'I
,;--;
"
~~
--
(a>Ol
(~~!))
,,...
,1;..
26
r.,;;:,o l
(o;?;O l
"
28
"
lh;i,O)
Js,.i+ ./;)
ae- / :
:: ) ... aerie( 2 /;)
re+' b,,-)
e'"'e ''erlc( a
0
" y t
(b~Ol
~~=~ r,)
,J._ln<
' '
Jo
.J.. )n ( l +.::.. )
"'
-+in(
1+
'Ls
'
"
.32
1
- -lru
,_,
.J 3
ln s+a
'+b
"
,-i+1
35
_l_lnti'+a')
""
I+exp(
I
~"'[Ina- EiC-atl]
(.:i>OJ
sins
- sirusi (1) -
,,
CO>ll~i (1 l
1- ~i-
iE jtf}{ )} )
.1.. [atllld +sinat- a1ci(at) J
(a>CI)
"
s1 +a 1
ln .<i+b'
37
s'-a 1
In s'-b'
3i
/(,(:;)
( t+ .Ct!'+( I - .JtY)'
2
./iL1
t<l
I 1+ 4=11 -I,_ .;,;=JI'

99
40
_l_K.C/' )
"
/(~(q
(a>OJ
(,,>OJ
1>1
1-<C::l
To( A ft-)K~(B rr1+Jo(B ft-)Ko(A

jt'f,.1=
./:)
2"
~+ .,{;::b,B= .;,;::+::/;-
' I "' I
-e"P
-a
It
M.
r,!,
7(;)
. .
~ 0.
h(;)
(5 .
2. 1)
:)'; 9' ,g( l fl'J 'Ill'!!; 1~'f h <;> fl'J '11'~ , iITT h < l fl'J ilf1' llil f l!llJi!i;l(f.t 8'J lJ.B::F#J f\lJ , WJJ\; s. 2. I!
1lf "~Jill; mi r JI'"' ,
](s) =
g(s) = - ' ' -
h(s)
s-a1
+ -''+ ... + s-a.

-'s-ai
(5. 2. 2)
(5. 2. 3)
lit' 5. 1 lll 7 IT, l/ (s-a;) fl'J N 1'!11;

/(t)
/,
*j; ,i, /iii!:.( JI: (5. 2. 2) il'J &1'!11; *;()
[J(s)] =
c 1 e~ 1 '
+ c 1 c~1'
+ c,,e''.'
(5. 2. 4)
!!l!i:fl "l' 9' . l'E;i\"J<S' i'ilJ 9' :i<l!l fl'J ~tttt Ji!!ll lit~#$ !!'i fl'J !Jl !!
!F !l! 1!:' ii< ::Jg Jt . ltlil Jitl!l !Jl Ji!! !J; !l! It fl'J R ilO'. Ji\ 1'~ 51. 8'J
ill'.$' i!k Pi! !I: ill r ,i:; '!< n<
JI;!!!; msmlillte<JJi(illl
7< ~ Q' K,(r ./<).
;()11!"1!:
(5. 2. 5)
>!< ~!!\ !l! It. 11< l'ilJ llli 1lf '!lJ Ill *fJUl! Jll! >1'1!1 , ~
g(s) = Q/s,
Jl''i'i< 5. 1 'i'lll 3 lfl 42 jT,Jl]Ji!: g(,)t1J
h(s) = K~(r /$)
h(,JB'J!iij{f~Jl<)t*lj;!)
_lexp(- r'
2t
4t
Q,
Ji<"' (5. 1. 26 ) ' '!t !<Ii !\:JI\!)'( fl') Ii ij!;!) !!<ii It fl'J ""!)'(
L 1 [g(s)h(s)J = Q*
1J>Jll}o!lcf!t fl') lE 51.J\ (5' 1. 21) llJ

Q
L- 1 [ -;Ko(r
,/S)
fF'.l!::ll~'ii, 4'
J=
f'
le-~
Zt
1 / . =
vQ Z<e-dr
(5. 2. 6)
Qf' ~-:ttdr
1 '
(5.2.71
u - r' I 4r .du~ -oor Ir. '11-!li lj( 111
L"'[~K,(r
/$) ]~
~Ei(- ~;)
(5. 2.8)
5. 2. 2 ~J ffl II i! :JR 51 .51< llll iiEi@

ll1\J'Elilf l'EJ!tl~cf!J l!l liiJl! 0 A (5. 1. 2) )j!J!(<j It. W>:J\fl'J!)'(Jt IJl!;l(J>\;(E '= u+iw fl'J :.l 'Filif
.t l!IJ!i 1I'f !Jl<~ 8'J 11!1\\ a= YilftT. FJ1Jl!ij<loa<J r Ji![ll\11 ;it!< ii ft](, l fl'J FJi1l it .\\\l$J 1l! f'J!ii;l( o
~ r fl'J Zi'>l! i.! i1 lit r Ncf!J m;!!(?!!: !l! ttlll! re 'I' fl'J [l;J i!! !R Jt1l! Ill tt!E!!I! ilf tTilt :11:
l!Bt e<J ii JI: r illl ?t iW #fll lli\ lt!\l!)'( 7t l~ 111fl'Jj!\;J'l\*11!)'(7t B'J ;g:11:
!II -'1'11 >J1. '!\' J9'! Pi !\:!lit~ Pi It 7l fl'J it .Ii fl! Ji\ l1l. .Ii <l!J.:!l. it lO , ii! f' s, , ', . "" ..
~ i"l!:J>\ :/ff!ll.fl'J lllt1lf~i1'J , ~ T JX!\11\lj .lii~h Pi It l<s) tE:I: 'FiITT s L.li\;$11i11'!. tE a~ r 11'1 :Ii' ill
fF-'4'~1'1 =R B'l*l!ll!m,1 ](sl8';/ilf1J<).l:ifl!IJ!tf!llllf1'(11jjJl ,JBB'CA'A zJ!l,Jlill!!I 5. 2
Ffiii\.
210
1!-!0tt~a<i!IHTliillf
111s.2
z +
i1i 1ill Ji!!$ ;k , IJi 1l it! lit .11 lill t I!!ill: Pl.
F(,)
"'](,)e'
(5. 2. 9)
F(s)ds = 2Jri 2:;res/'(s0 )
(5. 2. 10)
1-1
ABCA
=It 'I' ,,.,p(,, i ii'J'li:i1i !!<Y, ii!i'li: F(s) fl1Jl:il'.1Jt JI! " :IJ:(!<J ll'illt C'!l<"''li:l , Ji!x J!1
rrliF(sA)
zkfF(s)ds
(3. 2.11)
=It 'I' P !!HY.I!! .Cl ,, (!<J ,\!!$ J,i'J 1111 '!1!! .1l! il!-1'\ll: '!;pg~ ,, 7r!U 3G=lt'B iii,\\\ , xi:< 5. 2. 1ol II\
!t ff~ L'!l Jl,'!Jlt)!.. Y -;p :!JJ r +;, jlflfj BCA it! ;kl!!J lll!, )j/f ['.( jf<xi:, t!i.lif'.1" !iZ
(5.2.12)
.Jf-<JI
+'~J(s)e"ds =
f(t)=. 1
2JI"\
.J
resF(s,) - Jim - 1
R-= 2Jl1
!,.J
RCA
f(s)e"ds
(5. 2. 13)
lit l'li Ill PJiltlt: it! II< Vii fiil Im iliiili , -!J!:Jill 1'
.J
1
lim Jl1
p,,..,,,
2
BCA
f(s)e"dt -
17($,ll<M~M
't'
/?"
(S. 2. 14)
(5. 2. 15)
=It 'I' ,M l'I! a lit lE 8'J 'It lL JO: Iflitii!- l'1I'*:* l'\
N
f(t)
=L-'[l(s)] ~ Z:::re.F(,,)
(5. 2. 16)
'"' !!I< F (s) tE 4!-/~!!l ,\\\ :II: fli 'Ii: itJ ,tJ-;fll ,
lit JltlJi ,1'( il!i'li: f (t) !11 'f il!i !!I< l (s) "1 ['.( e'J:S:1'llf !Qfil
Jl!=f<iitlJJJC il!i'li: 7 l lllH'if iiJ''li:itJ lli(:il'. Jl! .lit 7f, tE s~ O :ll:l:E1J- ;i: ,?,\ <i*'i1!/.:0. Xf 'f
ii. !4'111!1>. J.J T 19!ii!i!!I< 7 '' >Jlt!jl1J!lii'J, iiJ' M. ,~o :llJ :flt3G~tJ-1'.,J ~, lill ms. 3 1Jim. nlf ,t
a~ Y li'it! 1Jll:!\ ii!i-1'-'!'ll! ;lg R itJ ;k 1111 lll\. !Qj} itJ I!! ill Bl AB ,BC, FA ['.( lk!!J<i!! CD, EF f!l ill:
0s1
052
0s,
'
0Si
A
Ill!. 3 t11=i.t1llllliHHm1&
{Jlii::l F(,) ~ 7 (,le'. i>!ilH11 '11:)!'.1!1!. ~tllf
lii!i'IX 7 Cs l tEJIPI" iii ' J:J'1!il'iil'J.
zk r
(5.2.17)
](s)e"ds = l:resF(s,)
ASCiEFA
J-l
11: R-= ...-o.mu,i;cs. 2.1nllJ1'l'~
2~f,::](s)e'ds + 2~ \Ji.~[
llC+FA
J ]+ T)F<s)ds
CD+EF
i-O
(5. 2. 18)
'"'
l:>l;li'Ji!li!-Jjlj~Jld.l(Jii!i '!!:I (t)
:[R?f:'i;",
Bl 'f9kit<5. 2. 15 )-!ill:Jlllll! Ji!. ~J , NP /!f:k l!!Jlllt BC+ FA il'J
'f:!i:>l;C5. 2.18)lt:'/;
N
f(t) """' 2-:resF(s.) -
2~ {l~ J 1''(s)ds -IM
~fF(s)ds}
(5. 2. 19)
CD~EF
Awl
Tjjjf iiie !:;;!: '!' :lt!Ei- Jjlj il'J :fR?)' l{l ][ li!l CD ~ EF ff
f!jf Jlijl{l!.\\lllt CD ~ EF
CD:s
EF 1 s
rre;,, ,e" = e-"' ,ds = e'~dcr

&e-"',e" = e-"',ds = e-""d.,.
il'Jf)l:fr 1'J}}~ti'!! lit

lim ~JD-> /(oe;~)e-"'du
2tn c-....
0
-1.f""lcrre;~)e-"'d"
2m o
(5. 2. 20)
(5. 2. 21)
s = pe1' ,ds = ipe'~do
Ell Jlij l!f i:!: 1' rj' 1!!1 il'J li\:fr 'fff '.!j' lit
2~
PF'(s)ds -
~ 21it'J~~](pe 18 )e"'il' pe11d0
!;;!: c5. 2. 20 l - (5. 2. 22Jf:A;;l: cs. 2. 19 l:l!'.Ji!iill J.l\iili'!!: I <tl :'/;
(5, 2, 22)
212
+ lim
(>-0
1 J'~ ](pe'')e""" pewd(J

2Jt' -~
(5. 2. 23)
iii ll!-l'Ptil!tll. J'Jf ltli'J J? ~ 5" (5, 2. 15) ;fll li! ::l'ifll'i !ff1' li'J J? ~ 5" (5. 2. 23) 1iJ JI\ dllb'i Ill! ill .fR
5r :>J(Al(P& l&Ri!lll!l' li'J Al!l':>j(~ Ji!il& 7<s l W! e';:i!; i"IJHRP&l& FC>l ii: 'i't tll\f;( '' ii: li'J ill liJ:A lJ:
l{l'jljlJ !<;fl! '~ p tJ' l!ll li'Jill?t. TOO !t<.i!1Jili. ~ ;:!!; @.iR5t li'J ilt!r.. ii\liH'l'liJf 9'1,~p filr!ill > iil l& F
(s HI 'i't1'1l\.I.>: ii: il'1 iil l&.
lll! ii: mlll: *Iii: !111 l!' I!; ll ~ lli 4. 1. 1 11' rff l1: 4' >t ~ 'i' liJ il'1 'f rm 'f rr lilt ilfJ iJl ~, P ~
[pCr, t) - p,]/ (p, - p, l , ffeti i?<fiil@li'J l&'!'Ji!ii iii 5" (4. L ! ) - C4. !. O!it /lj , ~~i::l: @,i: 'f)i;Jllii!!
rr lll: iflll: !111 ll' jf;, <till lii~ " f'1i;i:11fiil!\!l1'
dfP(x,s) dx~
_!_J5(x s) =
'
O<x<=
P(x,s) =
$1
x=O
_J5(:x,s)
x-=
(5. 2. 24)
(5. 2. 25)
(5. 2. 26)
(5. 2. 27)
Xlll:'llflll:Mll'AWliJJ!'t1RrfJ!'a,'i'liJll'x~1't.~Bil'IJ!'a>1::
( 5. !. 7) Jj(JliffijJ ~tw 1"1 I li'J ll' l& J1I! x~. 3p/iit Jl'. u !El 1g sP<x ")Ix. n >':: ( 5. 2. 24) !!fl::
JI[."
jt B i12'!'J Ill T j]Jjlf;;f,{'f ( 4. !. 4) P<x ~ 0) - 0. PJi ill lil\ll!l!!Jfll!"' l\ij li'JlJJJi! iJ![foJ!\!lll'm
:t.'i' lil il'l >Y<!'i!>!1 iiill'l!\!l ,1ll li'J il'lllt7t1r1l!ll' 'ii!' lit 7t1J1l! 1l ~'ililf J1! Jllil<ft <s. 2. 251 ;fl!
(5. 2. 26 ) il'l 'iit1!1:5t /Jj!il ( 5. 2. 24) ttlllifiil l!i1'1 !l't f1lf. ,. irlf.1'
(5. 2. 28)
s.1mz4ft2~1Jfll!Mil'lirlf.
P(x,t) =
Jffi)-- 1-: err( Aft)
erfc(
p(:r,t) = p 1
(Pi - p,)erf(
Jffi)
(5. 2. 29)
(5. 2. 30)
1' T ~;!!;NII i!UR7t, liJ"l[ilJi iii ~iiiB'i!i: <s. 2. 28 l tli ;ll:J.!lff!il5}il!r. Hit? Pex, sl { s ~ o
!tl:J\!1'.J<:.I! ,l!ftJtz ?r~u :Jti'lh'i tli in;m =#11!'1(1'] J?5" cs. 2. 23> , lJ! illlf
P(x,t)=
2lmf~[j;(11e-'~) ... P(~;~)]e-o1d:.r +Jim 1-f# />(pe;o)e,,.''pe,ud&

"
-o2n'-~
l;i\;f;" i!Zlli ::CJ1Jlli'J!il5t 1;T I , ll!-Jlli-!R5l'll'i *1' erfo(x/ fflt) , :Rl:!Ei1!1'imlll! 'il'lilJ f1lf. (5. 2. 29 J Ji1i
(5.2.30),
-~~~~
T005}~#til!~tt~mBil'l!ill~.
213
FJi'lit F(, l !Ii ,~a !if 'Ii n 11ftlll.<!.\

!!l'llt 'Ii< ii' .lit ;1rf if! it ,
J)
F(s) = ](s)e~ =
J>rJl: jf;fi'llli (1'J, ma .ii 'lj( F(,JfE ,~a lliti!filf Ill Luu"nt
.
~1.1(s - a)*+ 2.jB.(s - a)(5. 2. 32)
1
.;-o
~-1
II! JI! :l'll' ill 'li:J'll! i, .tit 9' I I -a) !'J ~'Ii: B, fl;:'!) F Jff s ~a !lf !'J li'l 'llt. le i'F ,,,p ~a) ,
[:ll :II l:itl!lfi!ll!l m\ .s~a fl'J 11!1JJJ'R5'ft'Ii1t B, (1'J :t;!Of i!P'f :if'., :il;'l':ll!J4J i!P'f:\I', JlJi l:J 'Ii
iF(s)ds ,...,. 2niB1
:'!JTli'llXi!li'l<li< B,,jif!IJ<s
a)"
ll>i'ct(5. 2. 32)fl'Jj!ljiJl,jlfM ,Jj< a 111it'"''li1:1f4' .;~a,!WH!i
B 1 = resJ<'(s =a)=
i)1J
(5. 2. 33)
id-
~[(s -
1),1 \ds
(11
a)"F(sJ]
-a
(5.2.34)
s. 3 iil:Jl<lll'FJi'!j(fl'JfE s-0 !lffl'Jli'l'llt

F(s) = c 0
s1
c 0t
+ c1 + '.);As"
(5. 2. 35)
f;;{, "
#I "1! ;( t~ 0 !lf fl!= 11ftl!l.<!.\, l'I? J!:(S. 2. 34)f;

resF(s = O) ""
d
ds [s~F(s) ],_ 0 ""'c 0 t
+c
15.
z. 36)
2l ii 'I!: F(s);(,<!.\ s~a !lf R 'Ii Ill ii\\ (-11itili AO , ~U i't (5. 2. 34 l@i':l(J lit
resF(s =a) = [ (s - a)FCs) ],.a= lim[ Cs - 12)F(s)]
F(s)
~ift~~;
(5. 2. 37)
(5, 2. 38)
:)t9' ,N (s );( s-a, (k-1, 2, , n)!lf fi .lj!jf'!, Jl. M (a,) 0 ,M(O) # 0, N( 0)0,
Iii 'li10
#I [l;j '~a, ~tJl:.lj!l!l \\\' f!J !Ill!: (5. 2. 37) ' ma '~a. !lf Iii 'll:z i'll :'!)
iif:)jt '~a, !lf
(5. 2. 30)
(5, 2. 40)
~+.li!E~.l'!E
&2
rar
xat'
p(r,t)
= f(t),
p(r,t) =
Q,
O<r<R,t>O
r
0
(5. 2. 42)
R,t> O
r~R,t =
(5. 2. 41)
(5. 2.13)
1: 'i!:M at fiiJ'Jl: :II t J.11' fr Ill:ilf fll:Jlli'll' jll, , 'ii: lit#.'. fill ff'J lit lllt 5t :If ti!
PCr,s)
:If ti! cs. 2.
](s)
(5. z. 44)
(5. 2. 45)
Jfl! :kill~ lf; (1'J !Ii! 'll: :II !ll ii !J; :If ti! , :Itlil1 PT !II !I! -!J:! i'll ll! = !J:!'ll:' llY !ll iii !J; ii 'li1
214
[" (r
""*.t<J!Jflt4'\ik
l!J! 1' !\1111 !'l! , l!I ilif lf !'il
J;7X) fa K, <,. J;7X ) '/;;if, , ojij lil r = O.Ii ti li!1 1Hli 11'1 !I'd'!' , Ko
---
( 5. 2. 40fa (5. 2. 4SJll'Jflll0'!

p(r,s)
(t) = p.,~ij
:!;' f
= ]Cs)g(r,;)
= 1 (.o)
lo(r
l~<R
Ml
h7Y
(5. 2. 46)
s/X)
]Csl = p,/s, 'l<ll!'.l!:Jl<"f!l0'<\CS. !. 26), :ff

p(r,t) = f(t) * g(t) =
g(r,t) -
[,
-1
f~f(r)g(r,t -
-o
_
1
[g(r,s)] - - .
2m
"
J: '!' 11'1 lJl: mm li!1 't h7XJJZ"ll Ill !&111
11
r)dr
(5. 2. 47)
! 0 (r /Sfi) ,,
+"'
x~t- 00
(R
./s/X)
eds
* ii..'ltll!il $1' l!!'"' i'i~u JJZ tllfllllli
,,fs/X =
if3.
s=
x/3z
(5. 2. 48)
11'1 ,
4(5. 2. 49)
lli'11ill" !B8. 3) , lJl:f!I Iii li!111'J 1)-fit '11!,,' lit

l,CR
/;IX)= l,CiPR1
= J,(pR)
(5. 2. 50)
J,CfiR) - 0
(5. 2. 51)
lJl:f!I ti !& ll li1! ill.,\\\ tiilltol1di\l!! A ll li1! i'E

s. = - Xf3~
(5, 2. 52)
;II;'!' fi, ;111111!1 <s. 2. s!l 11'1 iiL 'f il51'19'11'1 ti i'i!tt~l" !l1 'f firilif ltii:: 11'Jl!l-i'itilill.< !1ll ~ 5. 2 rJi
if, ) 11'1 @1 Jilf 11'Jfj( 1t !Ji u
0
"
g(r,t) = ~resG(r,s = s.)
Jt "' .c
""" <5. 2. s> 11'1 lll:f!lml& '!IJ!ll ..i:
<5.
2. 501
G<r ,s = s,.) ~iJ ~:if: :Jg
'
<s.
(5.
z. 53)
2. 521 lf4f Io Jl<llt 1, ,,; x Jl<llt p;. mu

(5. 2. 54)
(5. 2. 55)
r) Jdr
(5. 2. 56)
5. 3
fl'l ~fl'lWi~~ f.J I& fii.l.it ~
1: -1' lilHt T lit tf l!rWi 51' 191 fllllli ti lll 11'1Jl'lf'i:EJ!'.Jf1* , ;II;'!' , ol'J !II E lf'i!' 191'/kJll'rrfllllliti
5. 3 ii 1t ti .t\ 1: j$, !;4U1 ;;_;~
215
------
11': fHilll!\lll ;;t@!if >E ilJ ill!&, !lilitJl;i)i.1l 'Ii llU~ tt. llil ffl l!llll[fR:frl!Hr lli'.il!mU 1'!1 "l Jll(Jill, ~lfl
---
1'E I Ii'!); lift 9' JI! llJ ilJ '!!' jj; 0 ~ lil: ~!iii '!llCllH!Jl; 1'!1 "l :I!: iii ilJ , );,( ?.': 'f Ill l: i11\ ill''11f 1Jt ilt:lf lli Jilli!
'1' i1!;tl; !!\!iii ~L i!li!'.1!!! 1lllkl'fJLJ\lj'l!'jj',liitEI<l! 'I' i'J l'Z!ll :Jl:llJll;i;:'!Hl<J , ~ lil VJ*, ;\It$ tt:olt
J.1!:fi' T 1'11111J ~ ;IJ, l!,(<>:;Jt4- A. lil!l:l!: ilJ 'l&ii!!&ll'::lf/R, 20 1!t!c 10 'Fit Ll lf!, i!@:irlR l!it ill T
ill. lJ ilJ ii!!!! , ::ll lk lf Ill J\lj 'l<l>J',IR ilJ l'Z l!l :Iflll' T } ~ ilJ 1ltr :II: , :$: l\'~:il' lB i"i #ct J! ilJ '!&11!& li1!1f
!li, -:11!;.;il!i'f il!i 'l&lil'>l'lll!f!!ll i(?;ilJ Steh(est :lf!li ;-Jl,;il!i'f Fouri" l&~!!llif':llJ Crnmp 1f!li,
5. 3. 1 Stehfest JJ}!
ill::lflti ill Stehfo.t (1970 )jftlJj , fllllfl.J:\!i Gaver !R"t.$ ilJ !iii'!& f
Jilll!,J>'f' f,(a,t)jg
tt) ~~ i'lil'$\l! ill'
(2n)t
(!
"')" _,..,,
,
( ) =a,
-e
e
,a,,.,
J~a,t
n,(n- I)'.
J; (a ,t) i1J
(5,3.1)
(5. 3. 2)
v, ~ (- !)~+;
ruin(,,~)
;s"
1...
['1
1]
IN2 - k)
(5. 3. 3)
kT+'(2k) !
JkJ(k - l)l(i
~ k)J(2k -
i)!
1lJ".
1'J fl! ii: (5. 3. 2) ' lit Ji: -1' at l'iJ t {I! :fll ; ill 'lit
ill -1' J (s) 1l! :fll - 1- v, {I! ' bi. jjij Bl ~ !iii ~
7(' ):ff: ill Ii\ ii!i 'Iii< J (t ) ilJ 'Iii< ill !Ii Jl!
ii:'!', N 1' !mJl;fll!'I&, ilif N illilJ)!J;l!it lttl(:!I!: Jf, t:XHt;ll'ilJlil Jli''ll'iR;ldliofol J!<txtl' fill
jj! ~ ilJ !iii 'Iii< tE it 11 '!); 11!! ill: Ii 9' tu tJ lfll iE 1' ii: 'Iii< tit ill T l!it N - 8 , 1o lil: 12 JI, il!t if 8'J , :II' l!it
N> 16 ililll'li!i if :!'Iii ill'.
Stehfest :n-)J<B'J ii!ti11 ill i' Steh!est 1Jt ll'::lrlli Xt N jl! Ii! l>Hi1'!! , .!ii!:!\ lt ;;t@'!!'1t 'P'illlilJ
ii!i 'l&lt:ll' Ill 1l!tl!lil! ,M 'lt' ittl! ill' ilJ !iii '!&"' sI;l;:'llC !!I. !llF111:fll jl;! ilL :!I Jlt , :tr fF ill" ilt I!! 1'E Sichf"t l!i'!l'!!lli(?;ilJ lliiJll .l:bU t.( 1-' It~ lE , 1!!! N llJ!i): {l!ii\l; l!ll lll:f;:, YU Auti et al (1990 )fU Woo<len
et al ( 1992)~ lElil 'f li!J 'l:i!llJ ffi;IJ 5''11f. fill {fll!i\ ill i1Ji&iil0 'i!:!m r'
l!t 7(;) f;Jllt !iii '1' , J (t) j<J Jjj\ !iii 'lie ' Jj[ ilii !}"'1
f<tJ
~ h;2 ~v.:r( ~2;)
cs. 3. 4)
Jltll: 1'j ( 5. 3. 2 ) jf; ii: ffi [ilj ' ill ;ti; 'f' v, ~ i& jg
min(,,~)
'J.Sfi('k
, + 1)'.
['!"]tk+ !)Jk!(~ -k+1) 1U-ktl)J(2k-;+ D!
N
v. ~ (- !)>''
I;
(5.3.5)
;ti;cp,N 1Jl;<Jflll~,fil N ilJliit{l!tE I0-30 Zl'iJ, tEit~tlfil!Tliit N~IS,20 Jl'< 22 Jl;J!iifilJ,

fF 1:~ {II; lEFn 1'~ !!I! "it [iiJ JW!'ll: ill' ilJ {.!!'11. l'i: ;ti; !Iii" ii! !liF!I!: :fll 1it~:tr FR i& 'II'
5. 3. 2
Crump
15 ):!
1:1<1f/RJ1o Crump0976)1'f Dubner,Alate 0968lifFB'Jifilil!Jl:lltf!l Fourier!&'/&{!!: T-
216
ill:!I 1:7 Jlt , lt f,!f 'll'fr jlJ Du bner '11' A 8'J I 1t .
1lf t'l '11' Jl!WT Iii. ill' :IE >l'i!: c5. J. 2J 'I' lll'. IJ1 ii '111 B'J '!k l1ll 1'U !lUil 1tlf mi '.El Ill\
f
(t)
e""f"" [Re {7(s) lcoswt - Im {](s) }sinwt Jdw
(5. 3. 6)
1' cp, a Jl!.:k+ " !']if :I:'!);'!!:," Jl!. ll'I 5. 1. 1 1' 'I' f?l'E il'd'f (318'J lit'!!:. FJl!.'ii' !'kfU lll'ii' l'k of
'I ;ii;
Re{f{s)} =
J~ e ... ., /(t)coswtdt,
f(t) = 2e"'f''
~ Re{](s) }coswtdw
"
(5. 3. 7)
2e"Jw Im{](s) }sinwtdw
f(t) = -- ----
Dub nee
(5. 3. 8!
'11' M>l: c5. 3. 7) !'Z I!! mlfVi;. >!:i!i: i~ 11> 'llJ Jiii T '1!1f!!!ii.Ii{0 5'l: ,
)cos k"']+
E'
T
~ Ze'[.l](a) + i;Rel]la + kni)

T 2
~-1
t '
TI
f<tl
(5.3.91
.
2naT) [j'(2nT
E' = Ljexp(
+ t) + exp(2at)/(2t1T -
t)
(5. 3. 10)
"1J I!! 51' l'kf?l'EllH'f <31 If<t! I<;;Me" ,t>l:ilJ''EJ Ill\

....,expf2(_a-a>tJ
E '~M
"""' "' exp 2(a
a)t]
!'( .liff (a- a)~ 1ll )il ~ ;k, ffe~il]' ill! l!!J!!
<s 3 111
'
-1-1
E' l'llllJ 1'E AillYf JOli!B'J11!l'A !'l. P.11 lJA , -'ii
Stehfe" ;IJ~
Cf fh1 !'J .!Ii: .!if - ti Jl!. '1!11!! Iii. ilil a<J ltJll: l!!*' iif A 1' tcr !;( /'l JllJ
Crnmp l'E.t;J'.Jll!Jt 8'J !ill J:*lll Foudeo f&!jj(j\j[ T !I-$ ll('~. f\1'M'i!: (5. 3. 6) !'Zffl mit
0 'i!:i!i: jl:) 111'llJ1il. II! 0>\: 1:7
f(tJ~ ~\}l<aJ + ~[Re(l(a+ ~:iJ )co,~'-1m(7(a+~1 ) ),rn~J)+E

(5. 3. 12)
w
E = e"' 2.::exp[
a(2n'l' + t) ]f(2nT
+ t)
= l:e .. ~..r f(2nT
~1
l!e.~ffef'f If(t) I~Me' ,M>t:
+ !)
(5. 3. 13)
"~1
cs. 3. 13)cf(fll ii[ l~

A1e"'
E~eii"(l-l'
Me"'e- 2T(o-J,
O<t<2T
Cl. 3. 14)
0<
(5. 3, 15)
<
2T
J'E;f<J Ill &II! 0>\: cs. 3. 12) !ltf'l!:11!oc ill'itJUr.t, 'li!i!! iii T >Ill a (!<) Jil;J!;. :IJI.!<. 'il?r, 1:7 Tl!<
ii: C5. s. 15 l il'J i!i!'I; <'EJ.l\!E l'J Ill'" T, illl 'l:f 1ill Ji'. a ;,; a il'J
It:. Ji, 1$:& ilO: lt# ffe !if !m T ,
I! J!ifl)( T fl, fl;; !<A J:.@fit. @fl)( ZT>t~, NP fl)(
**,Ill llif ll' !liHii11!. i11 l'J
7' > t., ... 12
2J J!ifl)( a fl, ~.@flill!l!l'J~Xt;J!

E/Me"'=10-
a=a
lt:IJ 1r
(5. 3. 16)
(f.IU k=6)
ln(E/Me"')
ln(l01 )
~- =a 2T
2T
(5. 3.17)
<'Eli\i fl)( a fl! Bt l!lf 1ill Ji'. lR till !I< / (t ) l'J lit.\\\ s, fl)(
a > max[Re(s.) J
(5. 3. 18)
RP a !l:fl'l:k r s, 'll;llil 'P Jll:kl'J -1'.
3J liliJE T i!! ifll a ii i'AJCT. RP'll'li:ii: (5. 3. 12) Bl lR!i! I& 7 J# ill !il(il !I< f (t) l'J!&(l.
f i!i J11'-iPil!'l'I Jmfiif M!lilillltl'J a iJIJHt1t. J'i it. ~fll'l'!!ll ?Hlf-Trrll'.iltl!i! 9' ill .llll l'JiJ!
'Ii!, ~ T ~A iJ! 3'rll''ifi'l1-il!'li!, -i'!l'!ii: (5. 3. 12l'Pl'Jilf11l:iJ! E, }l-1-!l'!<'E!ll (5. 3.
12) !l<lli<ltJ!Jat .~.J! llll'lf "1lll! N lll!JI: ill l'J f N (t) , llJ llif Fit Jilt~i.l!'
,.
E, ~ f(t) - f~(t)"" TS(N)<
;it;.p .s (N) !! ( 5. 3. 12) l'J!l!!i!' 'l<Jtsl: .<E [ -1. I J. Ill j; fet) I
(5. 3. 19)
fN(t) 'If i'A Tcl::.11:
(5. 3. 20)
ii!illlt a l'J >!ldi1!1.!i11il!ilflll:il!'l;~r l:iJiltil!'li!, RP'lf

e"' S<N)e = ew
r~r f<2T
a., - 2T + ,In IT f
+ tl
(5. 3. 21)
:ti:)~ t) I
(5. 3. 22)
11Jljllj1-$j'.:kil'J a !la, fU a,(a,,.,a,) ,J'll;l:(5. 3. 20) Jlill'lf

fjJ 1 (t) - fiJ 1 (t) ~ S(~)e:(e~i' - e41')
S(N)e ~ T
'ijf l:ii:f~A <s.
f'iJ'(t) - fjf'(t)
e~: _ e"i'
1J1
(5. 3. 24)
3. 22) !Pf!! a l'Jill:ftlli
fW(t) - f]i'(t)
a.,.,= 2T +tin (e"z' - e~i')j'-Jl(27' +
5. 3. 3
(5. 3. 23)
t)
cs. 3. 25)
!a
l11l f ii le 'I' fjlj I&l1i & iii! it# :Ir Ii; l'J tt!ill .\\\ 'it!:if ti: Wi'.ll: J!l; il'J !I<l1i !it ili! IF Ill!: l'Jlil le
D Stehr.,, :lrlt:il'J 'f:~tt.\\\!l'!fl! tit aJl T . mr5!'1t 'l"!.!Hn dk!Je!l!1' Jitlliiril'J. ~.#.J1.0ii:
218
C5. 3. 2) <j> N il'!il'Jill;Jlil~ilJ ii ft ] (,) il'JI' n~, 11!.l<tliliJl,xt-1-llill lEil'J ](s l , Jlil'.1' l\ll B'J N il'!Iii.
iii! il'Jtl; Jil :11; T fill il'J , >\if fi1I - N il'! !ll 'f fill- ] Cs l <I' s il'J '.'!'fill '1: f!J , :it; Iiij( 111!l!:11!. '.'!'-! Ii Z .
>\if [i!J N il'!fll 'f '.'!' [cj A'; 7 (,):ii; Iii.i1Hli'.Ji< 11!.'.'f'-!'f. iTii fl.llHJ1 N ii'! il'J li!:Jlil3G!l\1$ 1lJ1!li, El lltr!ll
l!!G!J!-~Jlil N ~ 12, i!!ll<lli' J: 1';\!;"l;jf l)L r!lil N ~ 8 i;t 14 ?<i<Jilll!:lf. :it; it;lh!i!Jli!lli !;! f~it,
JI! :JC Iii !ITT 5t ii.! lE If ~ij Jili,!J;jj' l!i tE Jili 'l!: ill!!;!! 'I\: 1t ~ill Z ~ Jf ~ > '!!: il'! %<1li:f!I lJii. $ . IJl:ill' Iii fl;
Srchfe>r Iii )jf 1:xt (5. 3. 4) flJ CS. 3. 5 JtJ;l:;}jifij:/f Jilf il:!Jl!'..
2) Crnmp ;!;Iii 8'J cE Jf ilt.ii\ itj!j: il\Jli!1lJ!ITT5t I!.! lE , llll!!ii.! ii! !'Jll!Jli!J1!i]jt a : .!li! iliil't Ji
ij( Iii /Jt:!I; 1lJ!'i' iM 8'J. lik .ii\ it j!j: i.:l>!IHt litr~ !If<~, fl" 5t illi!ll! lllll ii!~ 8" ft l l "I .iii 8'J ill:l!t
,~s,(n~J,2,3, .. .J, fE ' il'!!li'i'\:f5. 3. !7)Ji!l)J! ail'!. tEitj!j:~'ti('i'\:(5. 3. 12lfft .lllli!G!J!ltt
j!j:J'.!lift N 1lJ H 30 :tct;. 1lJ*J!l '!!:(ii'. itj!j: cf' i&~tl:t/1!'J :tfl!i. ii(;t;IJ< Xt'f ill! ill'Jl<it~l~ fl'J til'J!i
Dli.mut mil!dlilll il'J
3> .@z .xt'fll!l.8" 'l!:i!l!!ll-3!'1t 'F!;lltil'J!i, ltli<*fll Stchfest :lrl!i. ffilxr 'fill!!;!! 'll:it~ll'!f;lJ
~nil'lill!llil. \lli&itil'JB , Jti:ll*lll Cm mp ;!;l!i. l:l::!I; iif !;! i!l!fl!H!'; , f jl;;Jltr-:f+;!;tll:!l;lil;'f Ol 'l!:tt; 1111
il'il'J /Jt ililIii :f+1fl!i T Fouri<r !ii 'l!:. 11! ~'Flii!!'J i!l!i\lXfll!ll'il'i 1l!: 8'J Jilli!!' PJli'.1' ;k, ilil
Fourier !/i!li(J!j T i1li Jl!i lJii \Iii i!li ill J'Z ii(;!!,;! J!l fl'1 o
4l *r !11. i!l'W.li'i Jt jlf; il'J !& il'!!ii'. ,i;{ J'Z Ill ft "l' <Oi' fll!JJ 1'E !ltiilllilf J'L j'jljJlll tE 21 t!!: IE~ '1lJI! Ill
lllll fl l'I! ii: 1: .!! 5i! II' il'J ;If /!i foJ t!!:
s. 4
mDID'ffW-t&m~r:,~nn:lf:
iili "\ 11: it> !ft: :t J!l il'J ~i'f' fl! 'it{!! 111 1111 J!i:/f;'!':Ii!!!!! <I' c' - P fl! :Ii:# il'J 1f J!i 11':\ifJ!l lil lll'
trli'i !t l!l! :1r l!ililf Ji'. ;;i: - fiiJ II!! !\I tj).;til !A\ ;;i; m i\l lll( #1!!111. JI. f;l: r. ~ fillliit fll 9ritIJ'I. fll
li! !E9fitll'l-tlliB. riii :fr$HiiL
*m
5. 4. 1 9f. !11 fl! t!:t l'!l ill! ~

ii.!:li!!Jl!'f-11' !\I R, jf ~ 'f-11';/;; r., #8'; lilt l:::'\I Q, :li!!Jl!Ill Jll!\I h, Ji!l!i! ffl\Jtli!f;IJ :'\I p,. mtil't JE
fM' r'J II!! nJ 'til Lil Jiil r ,
(S. 4.1)
-~
(rilp)
fJr "~' - 211:Kh
t>O
~l,,Bp
t>
(5. 4. 3)
0
r,.""_r~R,t =
p(r,t) =Pi
(5. 4. 2)
;/;; >IZ 1!1t'fll J'ZJ!l ;t; il!il!Jjjl. , 'l IJ1!' 'fJilJ :JC l::!flJ :I;
PD=
P1
p(r,t)
Kt
Q
,tJ) = 7;;~'
.'./'-.
2trKh
r
r..
Yv =~,Rn=
R
r.,
(5. 4. 5)
219
1 < rv <Ro, to> 0
(5. 4. 6)
In> 0
(5. 4. 7)
tn
>
(5. 4, 8)
0
(5. 4. 9)
<s. 4. 9>J:"91 il!rrJJZill-!~llli:l:'l'i!, ti:!!!: jlJ ;P: (5. 4. 6l 'I' apvl iltn J9( ll'J:l:'l'i!tli ~:%
- Pvifo - 0) - Po(,) 'ma fiiJ 11!1 (5. 4, 6l- (5. 4. 9) '!li ;lg PD ll'J'lltll~dt:lr!ll!<lll!l ii! foj ll!i
~~ P: ( 5. 4. 6) -
Jin<)
1 < rp
<
(5. 4, 10)
Rv
(5.4.11)
dpol
drp
'p=fl.I! -
(5. 4. 12)
'
:Ir Ill (5. 4, 10 l;!J;:kiitll/\Olll ll'J lt'll':!lt !Jt jl}l<:lf !ll , :JtJiiWI :%!11' ~r 'll' ll'! !Jt !If!); ii tt I, >Ill K" ll'J m
.fr,n
./S) --!-- BK0 (ro ,($)
;f!Jffl ;ti Jl!.11,('f' (5. 4. 1ll >Ill CS. 4. 12) ;fljl)i! llL~ Iii: .4 >Ill B !mr,
Po<rn,s) = Alo(rp
(5. 4. 13)
---- K1 (Ro ./S)

A= s t[! 1 (,/.S.. ;K-1 CRv ./$) -l1CRv .,r5)K1( ,/..$.. )]
(5. 4, 14)
B ~ l,(Ro .(,')A
K1CRv ./$)
(5. 4. 15)
11
14f li! ti: ll'J ,l\lli: A >Ill B 1'\:A;P:<5. 4. 13 l , BP 11!ill ~ "i!f!il fli;IJ ii ttll'J Wll!T:\l!iiiP:
.(.'MC.(.')
p 0 (rp,s) = - ,
,--s N( 'v' s )
(5. 4. 16)
MC./S) = K 1 (R,, JS)J~(r0 ./$) -t- l 1 CRD ../S)Ko(rv

N(./s) =I1<Rv ,/7")K1(-/S)
./S)
KiCRn fi>l1(,/$)
(5.4.17)
(5. 4. 18)
'f JiHil>lf tl:W'i Bi. iJUl! JC :1: <s. !. 2>'I' lJtjj1 ii!i tt 1if :ir; nV.
..,fS")
F( ) = e"1;1 ./SM(
NC.(,')
5. 4. 19)
Jl-1ltii!itt NC ./i l f\1" "I s:1'J!<lllttt8'/1""1tl!.i.\. :f4f:iKtl!/.l: (i!l!l.lc fF .<n~ 12. 3, .. o). E
Jl!:lrl" NC.(.') ~o ll'J11!o lll.ll*>i;P:M&Jl!(B8. 3)-(B8. 5) .~~lf)l<tt a,~ -i .(;, Jl!,:lf jl<
J 1 (RDa)N,(a)
N 1 (Rva)J 1 (a) =
(5, 4, 20)
li'Jjf!. j;Rjg 91 !lf}J< ii!illi: J, ofll N, ll'Jtti!lillf clil ,jZ;@!ftR,( illH>:-!ii'tl!ffi. 'f Jl!ii!itt F(,) :(E ' - O.ill:
!ll; 1-::::: !ii'l&.i.\ J 1'E ,,~ - a. (n -1 , 2, 3, "') i!l:Jl!-!ii'l&.i.\, !il:iK @,I,\ l'l ?h F (s) :(E '!'iii s J: WI
220
(5. 4. 21)
'f 11:1(jflffi;}J P!i !Ii: f~ l!!i~1{; 1;15)<' F (< l lli !IJt:ff] fiil l\!l,
l!l lll: !1ilillli'. 'i\ cs. 4. 2 D 'I' lli!li:1'Jilfljl!il:fr. rllii :fr ~Ff>'.( !II ill ,
l) ~ oj(t llil 111: rm !II iE
; ~ 0 Jtl: ii::::: l'fi'jjl 11,, fiJ.i!l llftJil: BJ f!l B2 9' J!i. JJl \Ill!); P!i!IJt:fl'J!!t!IJt:i!iiti'i\ , 'J'~'i\ (5. 4. 19)
1'{7;< il'J lJtfR!i !Ii: F(.<> 1if /&
F(s)
e"t> -/s.lt;f( ./S)

s:
N( /.$ .. )
e"D ao
a 1s !., a 2s2
3
s ho +bi:;+ b~s'
(5. 4, 22)
(5. 4, 23)
R1,
1
ZRo ,b1
bo
jl}~~
l'Rb-1
1
Rn - RvlnRD ,b2 =
4
4(
e'dli!/&l!>i!l.l'i:, Jis 'J''ilf F (< l :Jij /&

2
1
(tns)
F(s)= o(l
S"
c~
+ tvs + - -2 J
+ CutD -
C1
+)(co+
C 1$
+ c s + )
2
+ .:8A_,s
(5. 4, 24)
;fil-0
(5. 4, 26)
2)
, ~ ~ llil 111:
rm Iii! :ii!:
,~ " (n ~I , 2, 3, ... JIJ.tl;i 11:~~c!&.i!
!Ii: B'Jttil\ 'l' 111 .~ ' 91: lli !li:z 1'1119

.:.:...iresF(s") =
..:...
"I
l11 J\\10 :<!:Cs. 2. 30 J Ji'fiJ Jll i't"' B6 9' Ji! :111: il l'i:"'
fiJ]
re' -d"( ~-)

531 ,
M(c,
JV
V S
ds
=,
~ e=-! DJi(Rva...)[N1(a.)Jo(r 0a.) - J 1 (a")N0 (r 0 a.)]

a,,[Jf(Rflad) _ Jf(a,,) J
1
,,,,,_
tt
:;-f
(5. 4. 27)
,i: <5. 4. 2sJ'l!1 <5. 4. 27Jlit11:ii<1n'!lf Jt:W:B'J!il:llll lli !Ii:.

!!i:blil!Jllt.:&#i/i1i;l;;t #f'i\ <s. 4. 26l1'U cs. 4. 27litA <s. 4. 2D ,Jl!!fi:IJ ill l'i:B'J i!ii!i'i\
221
~ e ~'nJi (Rna.)[N 1 (a.)J ~(roa.) J 1 (a 0 )N G(r1,a,) J

a_[Jj(RDa-.) - Jj(a.)]
7r "ml
(5, 4, 28)
:it'!' ,a, Ji\Hi'ICS, 4. 20lITTilL

-ll!iJll , ff RL 1.1 I Rh""O. J:xi: cp" ;J!'IJ[J'iJ[Pf i!t{i:,('.Jij' .~
2to
I Rn ~ + rb" + l~o ~ 2t,; + In Ro _ ~
Rb + n rn
4
2RD
RD
Rr,
r;,
4
Xtf' kit ff Jt I.Ii fl'J El ITT , :t '!if;)'; Git IA: !ll';!J IP Pn (! ''" ! , ~ 5't (5. 4, 28 l '!' '" - I , iti'I: i!l: <IJ Xf
R,, l , "' C5. 1. 28) cp ~ 'lJ[ R '!if J!J( J'll " 'lli <!'.!a ljJ; lff 111 T , jif 'l'J Jll llfl" B8 '!'!ii .l\ 'il:;
,J,(a.)N~(a.) = - -
ira.,
(5, 4, 29)
(5, 4. 30)
(5.4.31)
Bt l\i] t iii. j~ *at ' J: Ill,;: 'I' i!l 5- J'iJ[ ~ 'f '!l' it fli li!: 11HrIf!; Bi ;iJ ~)" ~ Jlll f!I' "~
0
*Jlll f!'f
(5, 4, 32)
_ _ Sil:...[t
R _].
2Kt l
21fKh n r.,
4 + (1cR2
P.,1Ct) - p,
i't (5."
33)li!;J!,jf!
4.
6.
21''1'5lllli:t19>l:<4. s. 17!,
($. 4. 33)
1E~J1111f ap.CtJ/at-#'IJ[.tl;:JJWI!;.
~iiif..
'"" Eve,dinger
5. 4, 2
and Hu"t (] 949) ft .!f.!iJf 'il: T ![ i!"!i1Wi'Jl:i!f!iiillil!<ilt iilJ I'~!!!!'!' ITT f>Y.111 ,
91olld~~Bi:111f~
rJ&"'"' Bi mID Jlitr -11 11'~ AA , .t!i:t JG:1:mft' 111'if!i1Wioiti!f!111 s .1fi'il ;a JlE f!'f ;1dt 'J'
'.Jij'Jl<
1 <rn <Rn
(5, 4. 34)
dp"I
1
drn 'n-t = - S
(5. ,i, 35)
PD<Ru,s) = 0
(5,
4,
36)
(5. 4. 37)
222
flli!ll'f'!ld4'C5. 4. 35lf1H5. 4. 36llEli!i\'ll: A,B ;f]

A= Jo_
SJ/<
- Ko<Ro ./$)
11 ( ./T)Ko(R.n ./S) +Ki filo( JS)
(5. 4. 38)
(5. 4. 39)
(5. 4, 40)
MC ./s)
= l,,(R.D ./s)K,,(rD
,V( y";) = 11( ./7)KGCRo
/S) -
fiJ
K 0(R.D /s)J,,(rv
+ K1( ./s)lo<Ro
/$)
fi)
(5. 4. 41)
(5.4.42)
T ;ll!d:fl iii' t!L Jl'r & ll! lE JCi't <5. L 2l 'I' lil! fJHll 'll: 1lJ '.!if JllZ
e"o
M( .(s)
s ./$N< ./7)
F(),,,,,
!!; s ::kJ!it!!l'il:B1 N(
./7)=0 ;flltlJl'Zll:,
s. = -
(5. 4. 43)
i!(
(1!. (J. =-i J's~
(5. 4. 44)
:!l'!lf!'i\ NI fi>=o;np
f1l ./S)Kv<& / ...~ .. )
+ K1C /S'>lo<Rv
/ ...$.. ) = O
(5. 4. 45)
fl'Jlil" i'llL 'l'Jlillli!"' BB J:>\,NP il. Ji!:lflli!

J,(R,,jl,)N,(#.) - N,(R,,jl,)J,(jl,) = O
(5. 4. 46)
!'Jlll n 1'1ElfL il!; ;l\;,1'\ s. \ll)Ji!;~!ft!Jt.1'\, Jltyf. lE s=O !1J<!)<I' ~'f'~!fi'!Jt.1'\ , lli!li;l: ~.1'\ 12lfr,
F Cs l tE.@: '!' i!f !Viti, ?Jr VJ illill!i'riil JC!!!;ii'!EE:IJ Pli ti: p, Iro .tnl 'JJ
oc
Po(ro,fo) = ~>~F<sn)
+ resF(s =
0)
(5.4.47)
ri!fit s=O !1'11 s=s. !1!'Ji!lti;,

ii Ill: !1Hlftl::E
O ' = o !1 l'li Ill: r.J ill ::E 141 3!: <5. 4. 43) lil! :trl Pli fl F <sl 9' 8':i 5FF M ( ./7) '11 5HJ; ./7
N< ./7 l Jt ZIJ ffl ;l'l;l&f/%>\ 'IJ!ii: , ~U<i'
(5. 4. 48)
(5. 4. 49)
223
(5, 4. 50)
(5. 4. 51)
ill.l!'flll s. 2. 2 ll'<l'i:''f\:<5. 2. 37l.m~:fi'

resF(s ..,_, O) = litn[cg
-~
1f
+ s(c~tn + c1) + 0(~ 2 )
i: e-fM"nJ~(Rn/1.)[N1 fi.),T~(rn/1.)2
Ji</3.)Nr,(rv/1.)] (S. .
4 53
/3,[J,lRv/3.)-J,(p,)]
~Jt(5. 4. 52)jil!(5, 4. 53)ft,A,(5. 4. 47)
(5. 4, 52)
''!!
.~;
Po ( to,tn
+]=bi Rv
.1!1::1:il!llijJfi'ltO'J1!!JZ;:iJ:
~ e-fM''vJi(RD/1.)[N1(j3.)J0(ri1/3.)-J1(/3.)N4(r,,{3.)]
~ [J'(RD/J,
o) ____ J'(''
)]
l"n _ 0
1 f',
) !Ro
- n rv -
1f L:..J
=I
(5. 4. 54)
;It'!' ,j3, Jll:fflii!(5. 4. 46)(1'JJll n 1'ifl..
#ilal!Bi X-!'fi>:#ltt'T*i!!, J!*G#f lf!iRP rn~ 111J:II;IJ, 41-'ft <s. 4. 54) 'I' rn~ 1,#f
li':f.'<1Jl*'i!;:ff#i% q; O'J:l:~Z.'l': <s. 4. 29 li!}'f- 2/ </3., "1fW, fll 'ft< 5. 4. 54 li'J Jll~ lJl!, mH'#f
It II;i:J ili il:l'l':
-
Pwr:i(tn)
21
e-!f.> v,f~(RD/31)
= nRD + 2 {Jt[J~(Rnf1i) - Jf</31)]
l
(5. 4. 55)
,;: ~ lllO lf!i l.lt:Bi :jJ :l:ilY)fist

) Q
P,,i(t - p, - 21fKh
(in r.,R + 2 f:ll[J~(Rn/3

,~''JiCRn/3;)
)
) -J~(;l )]
1
(5. 4. 56)
P~u =
(5. 4. 57)
lnRn
Pwi=p,- Q In R
21fKh
r.,,
(5. 4. 58)
1'E !lit ltll ll!i !li.;i:J lllO 1111t 'It ' ~;l;il!~iltl'l i~ fiU u Fw !!<:II.;~~ ill I.It: ;Ii "
5. 4. 3
Z!!~ll!l~JI:t.J
'l'l'J Ji!!!! lli.JJ Ji\jJ!J Ill Jf '.jt q; (I'] -1-ll!:-!l'tt 'It 'E Ei. ill1 jJ!J. (I'] ~tt . Ji\it J!I Jil( jJ!J li!!l!ltiiltf;*1
224
~~
l:Dl illrJiili 11!'1ili'it!J '51Ji:f 'f ~'Y(!'J J!d!l!Ji': J: ilt, 'f <Jlt!!lll ffi;iJ 'f IEJl.19 t7Gil27J< A i'.i'clld1 T J;
flJ IJifl' 'if HRll'i:t :JGe~ l~ et1llJ Folil!ll!JtlDJ 8'J ffi;iJ . ~~iti!' 11'11!! 1 tlJ '};_ , 'l"<Jlt!!lil ffi:lJ IE 5<'.. 19
m1-f'illi kl: it'll\ JJUt'< f llJ IJf l~ !>IJ (!'J!fi1J
iR :UH~ l~
J. ilJJ!ltll T "1J!lliil:'ifl&JllJ('l"!Jli!!ll!! EE;IJ 8'J $l'P1ilt., -l!itiJ!ll!, ME 7f
;ltE!'J i!li II! Ill iil:'if :if/! 11 m:1t:IHJ\i111 rr ri 'f <ilil!lll Jlij1 imlltl:' r;i $'if lill ll! 9'- ri 1f, Ell 'f :1te:
Jf (IJtE 7f % . [!I Jltif!:Jf Jli}J :f oT!lll!!J{:!!Jlll IP il'Jl'd!\ IW X P-l (!'J 31; !iiR'f<J ffi)J ttli'l 4. 6. 3 v 9' 'Ill
:ii'!~ i:t!ll EEJ1!!J{:l'l'dl!i!lllUrlfli:trl!*111'1".HJ!il!e JiiJ 8'J :tr!*. rn 'f 3iZflf,i111 it<Ji!:" lit Ill . IJil Jlt
illli:t!'rllli:ifl.!' fiJ.jilj 8'J lli1J :k'f 3i;lili fi"'l"!J lt!!ll!! lli}J 'll\ 4. 6. 3 11' 9' Jrm 8'J MBH fll MDH nit.
t!\l'>l! :\!\. lli U &HJi "1'.Jj(-# F!lfil :ll:'f!JJl!le lliiJli'J:tri!l.
MJJI! ii': J: 111. -1- F !If (i'J it:IP!'<J Jtl! Ill !li;iJ 8'J nl.!' Ii\' Ji!: .!'J mEE;iJ Jt 1\i~t llH' lt!! ll!li' fR 8'J
11\JtJj( i~. #. fL <1993al !if 'IE Ti 1'1"1 !\!I, i!ii:J:l!l -tl!lllli'll'l!i< :ffl.'i1* tlJ liHlll 8'Jio X9' illll'l:,
<a llt!!1"Ji!:!J !It 11!1 Jf31l J'1. ff~, 7r'l'119 R, '!' -c,- o 1i#, (b) mt i*Ji!:~ti fl 'f !li!lil 8'J 'Pim JI( 1*,
coi :1:11 fll 'if liltxtm.11'1 !!) 'M iif i:J. lifibc, cd) l'c it!.l\lJIH,lfll flJ
Fl Jtf1'-!!l:7! !If' tElliJ j\1f 11 v 9' E ~Jj(f1j T !'ritlJ'!. ~I'll 1'11 lE l!ill'i #1i!f Jf3 tt!ft lnl 8'J EE
*,
*.
'
;iJ:)t{liliij~ )ioCrr,;loJ:CS. 4.16)flJ(5, 4. 40), )ivCra,,l!1i'il:C5. L 2)i!ffllilii!~Pi!l!/ll!'i'inl(l'J
:JG:l:!lll EE;IJ 7! 1\1 'i!!tlii xtlili !1111* 11\!I\ """ u i*IRll!t~f'JL 1llfG '"1 Vll!itJi!:x&i'illililillf !I\ A
illf !I\! 1iJ '!" l!i lt!! ii! EE 1J , PJi [!.( !/ '11! '!!. fiJ 9' 31'; :ll!:!lll '!'l!i ll!l ll! Ell ;iJ p,. ;!J
f'-
Po.= AI [ [ ~
1.
"
2 1tJ.
(5. 4. 59)
Po(rn,s)e"t>ds dA
r- ""''
jg 7! ~ l~
;It 4;, rlii' ajl<if;'f l!j ii!! ,A~ <R' -r:>. Ill ~J !RJj({IJ '!"J:!J :ilk'& 3' l'iiJ'.!i'.:ll!: '" :i)Z '!" J:!J , llif ti: 'ilf j:!L
Jlli'.!)'.j!l<Ji\Xtet liiJ '.!)' lll: tn i!.i'fr~j'.I!, IJi tl J:i!(;cp IRJtli:Jf llf U :if.jjt, 'f Jld:J't'f Sj Jilt
(5. 4. 60)
(5. 4, 61)
;1;9' ,R,, ~RI r,, jjlj 1it Ej R!, Ii It ilf lifibc I , J:s't't 5'rit!J'1. J>t'll tU:ie lli!lilll\Jl!t!ll ti'J , J1Jl!lli tqPE;
l& 9' fl'J p,,(,-,,,, >il3st'!'l'!I1llf B l'liil R Pi'! 'f iHi':!'rit!J'!.~l'll (t1tll Jf3.
M'f!>rit!J11."ll'll1iifif3,~stcs. 4. J6l<s. 4. 1s>ti:A<5. 4. 6llf1j
0
f~''~'~'~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~~~
12
RD
2
Pna
Rb - 1
[K1CRn ./7)lq(rn /7) +I1(r,, /-;) +K;Crn .fs )]rndrn
s~ [! 1 (R,, ~IS)K 1
,/$) - K, <Rn
/S)J1 C JS)
(5. 4. 62)
101 Ill ~Im B6 l)f1 Yi~ IF lii'in flJ ~l&tt!lt

d:[xf1 (,r)J
:r!~(x),
.......
........
......
225
.... - - - - - - - -
__4__[xK1 (.;r) J = --- xKo (x)
fE'it (5, 4. 62 )?J-'f !Ji'j,g iJ!j
Rp
!lit"''*
dx
M(rD /S)rDdro =
"v-1
rs -
rD
(5. 4. 63)
!Ii' J;; >It jlf j$:?J-'f jj\Jtl'Jj/j Jll,j/]
r-:-[l1(R:i fi)K1< f i ) - Ki(RD ./S)l1( /S)]
(5. 4. 64)
Jl1f'it<5. 4, 64lt';A<5. 4. 62lBP1!1

2
(5. 4. 65)
Pv.=R::,-17f
llLt 'it;(;' JfiO 'i!l'W<'it <5. 4. 60 >:lrtli'l' 'I' l'J t ,I:!\ BJ'Jo'l< 5. I lll 4 rr iii ill ti; JiL ill~ !!i1 "i! l'iil JG l:il'l
'i"J!lli!!ll! ffijJ Pn. (tD) '
2tD
2tn
Rh - 1 ~Rb
1'E Bi :iJ ~Ii: i:t@ 'I' ,'IA' B -!11 lil! fl! lll\ili! !li:iJ p;, mtl lll'f'J6J lil! JI ffi:iJ p,.
po.,(tn) ""'
~~'iPlio(tv)
p,.. (t) = p,- = p,
(5. 4. 66)
QBt
1f'l/>chR2
(5. 4. 67)
ruk'it~~WBi:iJ~~i:illl'l'ff~llj'~l'J'f'JOJlil!ll!ffi:iJ,~~k.k'ltB-~?t'f*ii<*W
.Iii~ jit, Jt-Of '/' R'~ 'l!:;<.!i,'fl. !!!(f*jR, fi)f Ii.( lll'JJ!!/i.if, l!!1"!i!!liif 'f' 'fl:IJ ~ffl:l'J !JijJ,
i'E;X:'itl'Jili'llL T, ~ EO ~5'!;1tllj'~ 1, 'itll!:IRL Bi p... i"J llj' B:In* ~ffil 'f s. Nti1"
p.,.
QBp [
p, - ZirKh
Pv(rv"" l ,t,o)
+ 5']
(5. 4. 68)
>/if 'it ( 5. 4. 67) 'f' Bf raJ t W<J!t 1 !"' llj' fiij 1,. Ji!> !ii~ ii 'it ( 5. 4. 68) , iioXi 'it et J!!J 'f J:IJ Ii!! fl! /f,jJ
p.(tp)"JJ
P~<t,)=
p.,,
QB[ Po(l,ti) - Pv.<tpJ:!)

Z1!Kh
+ SJ
(5.4.69)
=p.,+i::f,,ip.,+S)
Jt'f' A'= p, <1,1,n)- Po. <1,,)*m:lltfl!Pr!fili'JB JGtJllJ!lijJ 'ii! i!!!! p,. <1,,) = 21,n/llt. i!ii p,
( 1 1lpo) EiJ t\: (5, 4. 28) ~ ;l't: rft ro= 1,to =tpv~ 11. !!Ff 11.{
3
p,s(tpo) = lnRv -
4 + 2~
e-.~~vJ 1 (R 0 a.)
![Jf(RvQ,.) _ Jf(a,,)]
(5. 4. 70)
:lt'f' ' JI\ :If@ (5. 4. 20) l'J Jil n 1"lf!.. !ltl Jtfl! R/r f!l t DD, WJ:'it 1iJ J.'1'11; p,,(t,o)1J'!j)j 'f i!! 5,
2'f'.~ffllft1iJl!.(~fl!. et~W**lli'ii!il!::f~.
~llFltJ.'l''l"JiJ!i!!ll 1!171 IV lll!!lllr,
I)
W'Ei"'lftraJ t,, !'f'J'.~ R f!l'}tii!f 'J'.~ r.,lf.W Kt,lhKR'
oj!I
&=Jl/r. >li; =,./R.
ffioll! s. 2 l!1W p"il!'

3l Wp,,fl!.& B-!11 l'J P-fll *~ l!;l r S, l'li't\ (5. 4. 69) RPPJ~ W3::1tllj't1J l'J 'l"JiJ!i!!ll! /f,;IJ
p. Ct, l 1tiJ.iJ 5'!;1t Ii.( Fo ff fiiJ et J!!J l'J 'fJiJ !i!!ll! J.EjJ ::f W;il'it .
2>
226
~-~-~+---
le-3 5. [)08185 5.11306 5. 3643515. 700571 6. 21124 7. 310183 7. 415657 7. 667-365 S. 0048
g, 51911 9. 658201
2e.. 3 5.179972 5. 2852315. 535371s.872709 6. 3$3465 7. 482438 7. 587907 7. 839598 5. 176987 8. 591124 9.828207
Se-3 5. 280159 5. 385449 5. 636642 5. 973023 6. 483809 7. 58278 7. 688245 7. 93992 &. 277269 8. 79126 9. 926659
4e-3 5. 350986 5. 456292 5. 707512 6.
043~16
6.
~54716
7. 65368 7. 759141S.010801S,348113 8.861972 9.99S842
Se-3 5. 405714 5. 51103 5. 7622G8 6. 098684 6. 609494 7. 708448 7. 813904 8. U6555 8. 402828 S. 91656 10. 04898
6.1432~3
6e-1s.450255 S. 555578 5. 806827
6. 654088 7. 75301 1. 858463B.110095
~-4473398.
960951 10. 09199
7e-3 5. 487164 5. 593092 S. 844349 5. 180782 6. tl916 7. 790531 7. 89598 8.147599 8. 48481 8. 99830510. 12800
8e~3 5. 520125
9.,- 3 5. 548554
1e~2 5. 57388
2e~ 2 5. 737101
3.,~ 2 5, s2s<144
4.,- 2 .5. 890352
se~ ~ 5. 936131
5. 625455 5. 87672 6. 213158 6.
72397~
1. 8228977. 928342B.1799483. 517129 9 03051110. 15890
5. 653888 5. 905157 6. 241598 5. 752421 7, 851327 7. 95\i769
208362 ~. 545512 9. 058'/8510. 18591
~.
5. 679211.> 5. 930489 6. 266934 6. 77758 7. 876652 1. 98209 8. 233672 B. 570792 9. 08395910.
20~86
5. 842448 6. 09374 6. 430197 6. 941024 8. 0398150- 145225 8. 396708 8. 73359 9. 24589410. 31791
5. 93.;;19~ s. 1sso9a s. 521554 i. 032319 8. 1s1102ia:. 23493 s. 487912 a. s21e3s 9, 33638210. 44513
5. 99.'i70.'i 6. 247006 6. 583469 7. 0942115 8. 192972 a. 298351 8. 54973 8. 886359 9. 39775 10. 50298,
6. 041484 6. 29278/l 6, 629252 f. 1400i4 s. 238727 8. 344099 8. 595453 a. 93.2021 9. 44319410. 54587
6e-2 s. 011705 6. 0770616. 3283115 5. 66483 1.110652 a. 2742888. 370556 B. 6309?4 B. 967525 9.
4?8~64JO.
57957
1.. ~ 2 o. 00024 6. 105595 6. sso901 6. 693366 1 .2011sa s. 302014 0. 4os119 a. 659508 a. 995016 9. 50691210. 00711.
BeZ 6. 02s6z16.128977 6.
9e~2 6. 043068 6. 148424 6.
le- I 6. 059415 6. 1647716.
2~-1 6. 135482 6. 240839 .
s~~ 1
380283 6. 716749 1. 2275718.326191a.431554 3. 682877 9. 019371 9, 53027710. 62982

399731 6. 736197 7, .24701~ S. 345635 8. 450997 3. 702317 9. 038803 9. 54947710, 54886
4160j9 6. 752545 7. 26336'/ 8. 3619818. 467343 3. 718661 9. 0551419.56599610. 66495
492149 6. 8211617 7. 33944 8. 4311051;8. 543412 3. 794726 9. 131198 9. 542024 0. 74063
5. 152638 6. Z5'1996 6. 509306 6. 845775 ?. 356598 8. 455209 8. 56057 a. 811884 9.148356 9. 659182 to 15779
4e-l 6.156587 6. 261945 6.
51325~
6. 849724 7. 360548 8. 450159 8. 54519 3. 815833 9. ISZ306 9. 63131 O. 76174
5<!-1 G. 157496 ll. 262855 G. 514165 6. 850634 7. 3614518. 460068 S. 585429 B. 816743 9, 153215 9. 664041 0. 16265'
6.,-1 6.157706 6. 263064 6. 514374 6. 85084.S 7. 36167 8. 460278 8. 565638 8. 816953 9, 153425 9. 66425 10. 76286.
7e-1 6. 157754 6. 263112 6. 514423 6. 850892 7. 361715 8. 460326 8. 565687 S. 811001 9. 153473 9. 664299 O. 162911
Se~I
6.1577,65 . 263123 6, Sl44S4 G- 850903 7. 36\726 8. 460337 8. 565608 8. 817012 9.153484 9. 66431 10. 72gz
9e- l 6. 157768 6. 263126 . 514436 6. 850905 7.
36172~
8. 46034
8.
~6$'!
a. 8171)15 9, 153487 9. 66431210. 76292
lrO
6. 157?6B 6. 263127 6, 5144S7 6. 8.)09()5 'l. 361729 8. 46034 8. 55701 8. 817015 9, 153487 9. 66431310. 76292
2e0
6, 157769 6. 263127 6. 514437 6. 850906 7. 3\il7.2S 8. 4603418. 5657018. 81701S 9, 153488 S. 66431310. 76292
3e0 6.
157~69
~s.s
MDH,MBH
6. 263127 6. 514437 6. 850905 7. 3617.2S 11. 460341 8, 5657018. 817015 9. 153488 9. 66431310. 76292
~Tmffi~~-~tt~ffi~~n&#~'''~~-~
n&Jltti lt;Jl' rlif 'l!il'i1-illl l!l ~:9<1"J
;ll;lli;,jl:.i;~J'J'f:\l! $. 3,
'II! 5.3 1Jl(ll"81Jl(2lidlffill*

1'J
~J
(I)
r/=O. 09
c, = J. 278X
l0- 3 MP~- 1
(2)
~=O, Z4
c,=8. 73>< io-MPa-1
B=\. 50
B=l.12
Q=779. lrn1/d
Q""'24m'/d
h= 146. 9rn
h=LO. Jm
.=2x10-Pa "
l,=310hr
=4,62X10- 3 P~
t, .... 4380hr
r.,=0.108m
r.,=O, lm
R=S04. 1
~(U=O\=
19. 03MPa
p..,(At=20)=22. 87
R=200n1
p..,(&=0)=2. 317MPa
p..,(.:.\1=54)=7. 38MPa
227
!l! tE ;\fJIll* l'i liJiit:lillii!!ff it:lt

MT'fllJ (!) 'l)Jjtlfl R/r.-804. 7/0. 108- 7451,Kt/;cR' -o. 368, 2) 83 '1'< 5. 2 iili1l!:'i'f1!
p,,-8.167, Sl!ll s~a. 6 83~(5." 69).ftllfr)jtll! p,.,-23. os1MPa,
XtT'fllJ (2), l))jttlJ R/r.-2000 ,Kt/;cR'-1. 948, 2)83 ;& 5. 2 ll!i{i'[Jjtj!j. p"- 7. 192, 3)
)fl S- -3. 2 83~(5, 4. 69)Jil:llfr1!j. p,.-8. 217MPa,
.1i'J!ll4'1'7ilii.!;;l!I 4. 6. 3 l'i'111Jfitil'J MDH ;l;lli ,MBH J'flliit:Jt!liJIHt*'i'.!ml',
Ills. 4 !1!*11"~!0.!; MDH,MBH ~)iO)lj~(l)ltJ1JIC2JitlJOltt<il
K
"
Of$m
911 (I )
23. 201
o. 276
L 263Xlo-i
B!J(Z)
10. 64
1. 702
i. 503x io-
,mg
......MPo........... -MPa/xtft:liJM
'fl]:JI!! !if ffi iJ p,~ CMPa l
"M'
*"1111i!
MDH
23. 057
Z3.057
23. 011
8. 217
8. 443
~.S3
' 6
-s. 2
MBH
>IU S jj'J:;t 'lit !i\ill: 'lfjt l1f J1t14 l!l c1!t 5. 4 !!If J>~ !Ii JI! BJ JA\ , Ill MDH nlii e)f
l!! !Ii JI! '\I :if< :lilii il'J 4e 11tll!i!i , mi )fl MBH :lilli P!i illlii JI! .lHlli>l jJ(j( , .M. if j!: Ji !l!;[!i ;fit ,:<jl: 1J
!!Ht 1Jl'.r.J !! ,
:1J1 5. 4 <j1 p ' , m, K
*'
s. s
liili'..>IMI~ irtdla
JS!l!.!Jfltli>:il'J Jll itiJll l\ltJ;,f,j'lf)ljJ l'1 r .,,;;,,,;;,, !'J l IK:fll r >r, il'J I IK il ;r; l'1 il'J KI fifMJi.
!.Kl, <Ell! 4. 6. 21'<1' ~ r.iitlil!l r~'lf>IU'lil'll'Ji!!i! '11/!elJtl'Jll!fr'JJ!\EJ ~Jf>!ilt-i'l5li'
IK, i!l!l~J!!.$ K, ;r;1!J''f K, Jlt~r, l1J1;>j(ijK iJllill'!i.llA.>11!> !iltil!i1'1' fill !IUt fr'J fill 'L' l!!l IKI!<. ll'lilt,
~~1*lJllill'l~@A~E~fr'J~~~~.
5. 5. 1 l!liil!llllf'!l!~ia.lel!MI
i.\t iJlll\ltil'J'IJJiit !Ji.;)) ~"lft, 'If it( iJ!i"':lt Q !Ef', m~ fJll ,f,ol!!J :!!:*lJ!t l\ltil'J iE:ill< I'~ @BJ:lii lilt
1'P1
ar'
i1 Pi
+ ?.12. =
r
+l
ar
1'-,,c
Jp!
r.,<r<r1 , t>O
K 1 at '
8Pz _ tA,c dpt

ar - Kz at '
(5.5.1)
>0
(5. 5. ?.)
r .. - - - -
r=r.,,i:::>O
(5. 5. 3)
P1(r,t) = Pa(r,t),
r = r 1 ,t > 0
(5. 5. 4)
r=r1 ,t>o
(5. 5. 5)
Jr
ap1
ar -
2n:Kh'
K ap1 -K
ia,.-
?Pl
~ar
P2Cr-=,t)=O'fii.ap,I
Jr
1>i(r,t)
r1
= p,(r,t) = O,
=O,
r-11.
<
r,t
t> 0
r.,:o;;;;r,t=O
(5. 5. 6)
(5. 5. 7)
228
-----------------------
dtp_
1 dp=
+ -rdr
_, =
dri
5
-----p.,
1
(J~J.2)
Xi
(5. 5. 8)
.,. dp 1 = ~ E E = _9e_
dr
s '
21tKh
Pi (r1 .s)
(5. 5. 9)
(5. 5. 10)
P2Cr1 ,s)
Ki ~d..!!.L = Ki
r,
~d.l!.!,
r
r = r1
p~cr-0<:>,s)=O:!!X:
(5.5.Jl)
dPil
~o
dr r~R
(5. 5. 12)
1r l'1 <5. 5. s Jn, !ll '.Jl' :II: il'J IJHl !F 1r 1'1. ::9fi1fiiiilil1". .le
z,=~,
+ BK (rz
CIQ(rz2) + DKo(rz~)
Pi (r,s) = Al.(rz 1 )
P2(r,s) =
(5. 5. 13)
j=l,2
(5. 5.14)
1)
(5. 5. 15)
::91111 !Eilil fil , r ilii '1< 'flt 18 ?f i!! J'Ht! 'f :JG'1< :le i1'J I'llW !II i!!Jl-~i'f 'Ill IJ11l! !F !iii !& !'J tt !li , 1iJ!E
ill c~ 0' :)1;1?: :=". -1' !I!& A, B. D EE rfJ :trl!J!il!;j!IJ!l!!I,
(S. 5.16)
+ BKo(r
Alu(r1z 1 )
Al1Cr1z1) - BK1Cr1:t1)
1:.: 1 )
(5.5.17)
DKo(r 1z,) = 0
+ (JK 1 /K 1 )DK1(r 1 z~) =
(5. 5. 18)
ill':IJl!i!(5. 5.16)-(5. 5.18)il'J'!\!&ti'JlJi'\"

A= JKiKo(r 1zi) [11 (r1z1)K1 (r,.z1) - 11 (rwz1 )K1 (r1z1)]
+ -IK"sx 1(r 1z 1) [!1 (r,,z1)K0Cr1z1) + lo(r1z1)K1 (r ..z1)]

1' 'l1' 'f 'f:. 1 I: ?1J *I !If~$ lit!&
(5. 5.
K,
($. 5, 19)
1' IJ1 \i!; IF !iii !& K, Crz l t~ Ill! iii. ma 1r ll!l!l< 5. 5. 16 l -
181:/!Pf!-!ll
4 =
r..,~s4[ ~K0Cr1z2)K1Cr1z1) -
B = r ..!sA[
D=
JK':Ko(r1z1)K1Cr122)J
~IQ(r,z1)K1Cr1z2) + Jl'1K~(r1z2)l1Cr1z1)J
5i ~[Io
(r1z1
T,..Z1Sl..l
>fjf J;!;@ ~~it A :Ill\! !5. 5. 14Jjf!J <5.
)K 1 (r1z 1 )
+ K~(r 1 z 1 )1
(r1z 1 ) ]
s. 15 J , PP 14 il!i-1' li<Jl& 'l';tlr E< !i!lliJil'J !E';iJ 1l' 'ITili!i fL fil'!l!,
~(1985),
5. 5. 2
~lll~r~llSJJit.JiiEi~
M.t - J' l'i ;Jt 14 i1'J ~ !iii !& .,,, fa y;, i!! rr !& ft Bi i:1i! , PP 14~ !!11 5! fiiJ i1'J IE' 7J !iii !& p, <, ,t 1fa
p, (' , t) , 1'i1 !!\~:fl< if] Jf ~!iii ~i!!ti'ill ~Bi i:li! , I!.( iJ' ;;Jt ill~ !!I! 5! lliJ il'J !II ~Ill .
i*J IK !11 Bi:IJ '11\li it Jtlilf 'It 1 Ii< i1'J IE
l!i!, 1l' ~'"1 ajj, Jf 'f I"' I <, 1l 6# o, jijj
"'!1
229
I, (;Jtf ":.!r'Filif iii, K.(;)tf Iarg; I< J:mili.
'f!ll P (r,;) <E'l''l'-ilif Re[.];:,r>o J:ili,
1'11 Ill ;=, Iarg; I< ~-B'JiilfJlil!!i'i'i'i: <Jl\ l;Afjj!: BS l

I " (s )
1
r.<:::::e ' , K ~ CsJ. ~
y 211's
ii)!;( iiE BA 1'4''- ilif Re[;];;?or> 0 1:' !!j
Ii, ..,
(5 "'
' ZOl
?e
.,S
,-=a<t P (r ,, ) ""T a<g; --lil'.lo!I 'f '1;, 1t.fl.
Jr~;"' P (r,s)ds
Y-t0o
(5. 5. 21l
(5. 5. 82)
B'JJl'ltJil!!i:!i.>J:, l/il'!l!Xf l:'i'i:it'll'.tl!i!!:!l\?J-, Ill ;!J ; ~ 0 tkli!if!\il 'tt p(r,;)

Cl -e") 1"1-1' .Ji: I.\ ,l;\'ilf !J\ 'i'~lli!:l'J-~J i!l!, !m 00 5. 4 fi!iii\,
:IJ T Jit llJ
p.{r of)
..--r-.::B
+ i/3
_____
c ______ c_
,
'
D'
Ill s. 4 It ll:;t: i!:illJM l'lil?Hlil 11!

(E Ill 'I' fi!f JI< 1"1 liil ll1f i*J l'f A~ 0, PJi Pl 'tt p, Cr,')(! - e") tE)t< ff .lit i*J WI iii,
t'
ill M CMwhy
lie1l'
p,(r,s)(l - eH)ds = 0
(5. 5. 23)
_tilCC' lY DA
oliJl!l ,-o a>I I, jilJ K,
2~!~!{1, +LL+ [/p (r,s)(l ~e")ds
P1(r,t)
l/!Jiillfl~:fl:Jt;'i'i:(Jl\l;Af:!i<
B4)
10 -1,!1 - s/Z1Ko ,...,_ ( ln
J]i (r,s)(l-e")dl-O,
1
'
(5. 5. 24)
+ r) ,Ki ..~ l/$

:tp-O
(5, 5. 25)
(5.
s. 26)
230
:f4f l:'ltf"':A<s. 5. 24ll!I

P1<r,t)
'f'
,
2m
-=
]i1 (r,s)(l - e")ds
+ -21:rn.f~- ji 1(r .r)(l -
e"}ds
(5. 5. 27)
(5. 5. 28)
)(w)=
'l>F
Nu(;: J~:w] [Ji( ;:w)
+ 'l'G tJ>l
i('l>G - 'l'F)d
+ 1Jt2
N1(w) - Ji (w)N1(
;:w) J
+ ~N, [;: ~w] [J,(w)N,( ~:w)- J,( ;:w) N,Cw) J
~ ;: w j[J,( ';'w) N,(w) -
;:w) J
+ ~;J' [~ ;:w] [1,<w)N,( ~:w) 1,( ;:w)
J
'l'(w)- J, [
J,(w)N,(
N, (w)
F= JJ 0 (
G=
;w w)- m,v~( ;w w)
gJo( :~ w)- nNo( ~ w)
f~J,[ 'V!K;
fK.:KK'Nr,.,("-w)J,[ "\/{K;
K. "-w]N,(''w'Ir.,
r,.
-"J K,
K 'r.,w)
1
:f4f 'lt (5. 5. 28J oftl <5. s. 29 Jf\:A <5. 5. 27) DP Ill pg IK!li:IJ 1l'1ii Jili~
(5. 5. 29)
231
(5. 5. 30)
(5.
5. 5. 3
s. 31)
;j:j: I; ff :t.J
'fa.IT 111 'fi:i:Jf .!lllltlllifJl'UE:tl. tE'it cs. 5. 30>9'~ r=r. !!l;l!ljJ if Jll\!'J $111\li!l!i'Jl::, iii
itl!ii7f 'II! J! l!'.i-;# HJ~ <l'F+'PG I'll! It 'fa.I
~ [,!
(<PF+ 1P'(;) =,,. =
1 (w)No(-r.u)
- J 0 (w)N 1 (w)]
IN I-WII - I
IJ
[J,[ ,,,;J(;
{K, 'L,v)N
r,wj-J,[ ,,,jfa(;
(K, ".!.wjN,[ {K, ".lw]]
K:
-../'Kz
'
[J Ir,
J
-W
r..
r.,
J 0 -w
r, ) l~
" 1(~
r,
r,
r.,
r.,
0 [ ({;
'\
r,,.
r.,
O!'Jl!l*il'Jl::C5. 4. 29),J:>\4!t1'/rf.S%9'1!'1il::MJ1if Ill 2/rrx
r.,
r.,,
ii!!~ (x 7l'M~'fa.1 w.r,w/r.,
(JK,/ K, )r,w/r,) f!Jil!!.

(5.
s. 33)
(5.
s. 34)
ri:IJMJ!;.1'ifR7l'!l!!il:llHtl'll! 1t. 'fa.I Jlt. "4f IR?t '.!ti: w 1t 'fa.1 ll'i lit. IP [O .w,]~ [ Wo. = J' tE ll(
l\i)[O,w,].J:
(5. 5. 35)
(5.
5. 36)
(5. 5. 37)
232
(5. 5. 38)
(5. 5. 39)
BJUIJl#Jil:!li:IJ ! Bil'ilJ Jt:)t:ke& ,E, ( -,1)-0,exp( -ct)-o, IP 'il:;(S. 5. 39) 9'1li'i'l:l!l4

lii!i 'II: JM fl! Jli'l'I: liiii ~ lJ! J:IJ iiJIJib!i lil:Fn ;jij. :!!'.it lJli "'9' -C:- r:J JHil!llHtllli ffi n;\I
(5, 5, 40)
(5. 5. 41)
(5. 5. 42)
5. 6
7Cllll::k!&1.a
4< 1'!11n7Gflli!:k.lt!l!l! 9'!!l 1iit*1l Jj( 'fit,#~ Jil'lii.r!lllil ff!! itOO M!il! 11t~. Agacwal,
AlHussaing,Ramey jr(1970)'.fiJJf.J:t1rif:t:!LWf?!!9'ttRJi<:f4:i_itt S ft! Cn fflJfi~Jff, Gringarten et al
c19 i 9J!& tf1 ~J c,,,, ;\I1'L-A'J illit ~~!it tf1 -'ll'$H!l ill! AA litlll!~ 00 Iii . M. ilil ::!11'J f!l J\'.11/l '!t J!I} 1IJ'
!T!!tftitJf4{JfitlJ\\tT i\rd'f. Bou,det et al. 0983lJ!;tf11 Gringatcn !Elili'l::llel:: 'f'l'l:ilb~.jj;
ill! tJ<m it:lr1*i!l:1Tit #ffi'11ll!llniiJ ll:. m: il'OT or fir ilL JU 20 1lt!c 90 'Pf-I:.* 'F'Jtttffll ll!~
?t!lf1! T :Ii! li'J ti:~. rL, il!, p 0 996a, 1997) Kong, Xu, Lu< 1996c llilf T 1"r fill '1>tt.lt!l!l! 'I'
4 .!U!< 'F'JHI) BifJ l\l'tt, !t"tJ1!t:l<.r!lllil ff!! Jtlli'llt'lt1$iili'J T 'll'J.!l!i!: IE. ::!I :fr .:l<J)C 'fit ~.l! f".it
# !& tf1 T 1'I! ii Jf.illl ~rlH& '1'J ffi '11111* 4< 111 1'I ;J;J! <!!' 1'I! ~fl! :Ir!* . 'f Jl: !;!! ii1Jll~i!i'!1i1'
'!'# fiJ llli. :IE Mt it. Fi 0 996a, J 996h l <!> '!; Jt:li>' 9' !llnM. iiJ ~cit !fl 4. s. 1 1' fll lll 4. 6. 6 1'!>
!J '\).
5. 6. 1
7C llli ;':: l!!l Iii c:p .!!!. 11' all ff 1J
:1 !fl 4. 6. 2 1' 'I' 111.\l> tf1 :It Ji! Cl< .r!l llil f fll olf 1"! 1lt ~ II) Pl it! !Ill ~d'f, RP 'ii:: (4. 6. 31 l llZ
<4. c. 29 >.r 4. 6. so 1. 7G "1:kJl!!!l! 'l'!il 1i 'If II) )E illif 1llJ l'liiiJ'.Eif tf1 mrf,
(5, 6. 1)
(5, 6. 2a)
233
.\
C dp.,n
II dt,,
!Jpn)
. JrD
'n~I
~J.
ff)>
(5. 6. 2b)
(5. 6. 3)
li1npD(rn,tn) ""'0,
"n-"'
1 ~ rp
pp(rv,tp) = 0
< ao ,tn =
(5. 6. 4)
Jl;9' .s J<ci!<&: [!I 'f '3i'.:!l!!l<J.,,, J(_ j;

rD = !.._,tn = J.Kt2'
ZrrKh(p, - p)
rw
ycrw
Pn~
Q
Cn=~
'i-'f '1: ( 5. 6.
lJ - (5, 6. 4) ~tHtfiiJ 'Jl'il! tn
(5.6.5)
i!!'ff lll'l!'lllJtli'Jl'J!I! !ft ill

(5. 6. 6)
(5,6.7a)
(5.6.7b)
(5. 6. 8)
,Jl;9' ,, J<c!lrlfifrllii'Jl'il!. :IJl!l(5. 6. 6)8',Jiifi!l'IJ<c

PD<rv,s) = Alo(rt> /$)
;j1J Ill Ill ~ I, (.r,-oo )-oo 8'J l'!lf..

(5. 6. 7Ji>!ili ~~ B
+ BKa(rr, ./7)
ITT i'f J.lt J'HIH'f (5. 6. 8) "'ill iii~ A~ 0
(5. 6. 9)
0
f(jj ITT
VJ J:'j J'l. ld'f
11
B
-l --
' c.,K,C ./7)
(1
......- ........- ........-
+ C,,S,)
./7K,( ./7)
(5. 6. 10)
J'Ji' \:.( i'El!I: El; "i! 1"1 !fl:!: ffi}J 'it ;ffi' (!'JK< Jjlj ~ 11
Pn(rv,s) = 1 .. ... ----~~-(rv...
f.Z.?. . . . ._. . . . . ._. . . . . ..
(5. 6. 11)
./S) + (1 + CvSs) /SK1( /$)

11 T ~f!''ir IJT(!'J\\11Jl , llt flllll'ilt 'ifIll; ffi:IJ , ~ 1iiil'!Jl<'.[!I 'f i'1 JE;, JNi!:ffi:IJ fll c;~ <4. 6. 3o l!\'t
ill ,iii:>!: f'Fli! If !fr Jtli'Jl'Jf<l!I
s CvsK 0 (
(5. 6. 12)
~:>!:<5.
s. 11 >ttA '' s. 12i:1Jj\li"79'1fl!i< ,.,~ 1,ap111f!' 1;<!iJJ8'JK<w~

,r o()
, =
1
.l-- Ko~.o;'"";) +S ISK
, - </S)
,.-
,'./7K,C./7)+Cn>[K,Cv ,)+ ot sSK,(v ,)]
(5. 6. 13 )
.tx!:TIJ' Ill !I! s. 3 \1 Eri!l fl'J1il.lii!!'ff lli1 ilUii: ilif. i:!J. TIT Ill !I! s. 2. 2 fJ' fi.Jf Jtfl'J l!lllifHtifr!lll'iJT &
ll'!. Tlliflilf 'li'.12: 8'.J!fliJT & ll'!.
:Ii' JitBi:tJ lm:(EX>J';!: (5. 6. 13 Jifi'!lll'IJTIii' ilif, 'ittllil'! l!Jl, Ill~ P,.o (< li'E ,~ 0 Jlt 1f -Jt,I.\,
234
.Jt4z-'ft !&.\\\#! tE ffi 'f"'jl;~ l:.
I!;] lliliiJllil ~D 00
5. 4 Jji;iR il'JllHr lfil Ii&. tEW:lfil Ii& l'l ll!l 13:J;I; D, IJ!!
l!1 cl !t:li\fl!ll,ff (Y.L lm.l\ii Cauchy ;l;Jll!. lit lfil li&!lHt
-A
.m f
Pwt>(s)e"vds
Ail<,\- D DA
(5. 6.14)
(5. 6. 15)
(5. 6.16)
=z~t2-_rr;,{f-+-
,-~
D'D
CC
-j--J)PwD(s)(l----e"o)ds
(5.6.17)
:it 'f. ,., ,, 1m,.i: <s. s. 1a1!Ii11,, r,.'lm.1!11'i!1'ilJ elfm;EEn "1<1'f m,.i: <s. s. 111 e<i=: t-1!17t z;f!l '1t
lll. f Jlij 5l-~Jlf)!IJ:k=:-tll'l7t riJi.
o !tlilf'li'.JJLo1-IR7t. <!!- p-<' -'" ,d,-iffe"dO. l$:'1\(5. 2. 22) mU<f
I=
l_,
:J
210
F($)d(s)
f'
= -I Jim
211' .-o
--~
"
Pwu(s = t:'e' 0 ) (1 - e'n' ' 8 )t2e"'d8
Ji; 'f. llltjj:\ Pi 'I!: F (s) - p.a (>) (1-e") , l&; e--0
tnEZe'~
,__[in~+
Ki<./}-)-
18)
nt, 'ff (JI!, B4. B6)
1 - exp(tvffe'&) ,......
Kv(,/"$)
(5. 6.
i: +r]
!e-'
il!Lll:i1lii!i'l!H!;:Jl:it.A.'11:(5. 6. 13).f!J(5. 6.18)jfi.J: <O,Ji!l:!J,iiEHJ!JI0.=;1-1')15l- r,-o, l!;]Jlijcjf

l~!E.1J ~llitl:Jif '11: <s. s. 171 'f iltrJ!'i-tlibt .<:.ffl.
iffitEit!l'ifrCC'.ffl D'D ff'JfJ<:)} I fil I,,
if} CC' ;s=1e'=-a2,
/7 =ia,ds=~200a.ttl~lf
I -~If'_!_ [K~(ia) iiaSK 1 (ia)](l

e-- n)(-2a)d
1
2ni. = - if. - a~CvK 0 (ia) + (1- Cn8al)(ia)K 1 (ia) a
11
i'llllffiii! B8
~15.:: ... il;.JJl-Mi!'bl- I,
11 =
Pf'illil.
~f= ~ ~ - ~(1
m.~tr
e-11n)da
(5. 6. 19)
(5. 6. 20)
235
A=
B=
+ aSJ (a),
N~(a) + aSN, (a),
J~(a)
+ (d'-CvS aCnJ\ ~(a) + (a2CvS -
C = aCnJ-0(a)
D
1
}ff D' D:s=r:le- =-cl,
=
2
..Lf"
rs
_._ae-'~11
(5. 6. 21)
l)J1(a),
l)N 1 (a)
= -ia,ds= -2ada,Ji!tiff
_l_ [Ku(- ia) - itt.SK 1 ( ia)](l - e_'i'D)( 2~?.da

Ztri ,, -cf (-cl)Cr;K 0 ( - ia) - ia(l - trC,;.S)K 1 ( - ia)
(S. 6 ZZ)
'l!iW;!!, 1'J!ll ~) .. BS ~>'i':'f:\lf I, >j ~
-1f. -1(- A+ iB)
I 2 ~ niod
C+iD
(1 -
-''D)d
(5. 6. 23)
fi':<5. 6. zo>E;<s. 6. z3>JW;!';#!ta.l!J
P..n(tv)
= 11
+Ii= ~-f~ ~ -~!-~~{2+-DFfC) (1
11
- e- D)da
(5. 6. 24)
antes. s. 2D1'
(5. 6. 251
a'{[(a'C,S
J)J1 (a) +aCaJ,(a)]'
+ [(a'CnS
J)N1 (a)
+ aC,,N,(a)]'}
(5.
6. 26)
.a
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l'Jltjl; ,jf ll.li!>'. C- AVml Ap.,
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'FJtii!O J:. , ~~lit~ l* Jll 'f 9''!( ill 11 2n In <n Ji'I:k 'f 2 (l'J 'i'i!t!:l fll.Ji\tE !); f'i\ J: ,ii1'/fl!ili j\:Jjj\_
Ill 'f1' CJ<ill 0 :)gjf :@:fil'fl'Jttl'%, 7\Jf 0 fil';f!i';;kjc, fjlJ !m, X1'J2!1(ill 0 "1 2n!O- 2n' (]+<lo'
<l /2n' , ;1 op , n' :l!tlfit!: , ;II: ill 2n' 'f'J)< 'fjf JiJi 1l! ll':J JC ;lt!i'I !E :iJ p' o ill' l!Hi'i UT iii fWi!UR :O'J Po
- p' D (! +') ' ffif ll.i!H!11!''1!: till iilO ~Wl 'II: Jiif '"UT Ill ll!i
x Ill 0 fJ<J t!: U1
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100
100
K"'l
LWJJ =2
Cn.!5=0.01
LWll"'2
Zwn"'0-5
Lo= 10
10
10
S,."' I
!.a
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Zwn"'0.5
Lo"" 10
S.. "' I
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;:
~
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c,,,,,is
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c,,e1 5 =0.01
Cotf-~ ...
o 001
0.01
-2
. 1
'
lg(tfl!Cn)
-2
lg(t 0 /Cn)
.!: l'iWllllllllii .:?t:til<'I'# <lilt 120'~)1("1P!il<'I'#)8111~dlili
*~*~#~1fM~/f~ 5J-Jt;J<'i'-11'~1fmff!'J/fl*&~!mT,
1't )t.jf!j!i}Jj( '!"ff llllilli! 11':1 >1.:t!:Jiif, jf jj!jJilil~
ill Ap- t>t l'il 1''11: (d p. I dt) & - t>t
ffi"'
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I) !1'ttfl'J C"e"{1[l'll K ~ K, / K" 11\:, I!.( llffi:iJj!.( ttii!i pM l'il 'tr.Jfilttfi!i TM.
2l ffi !li:iJ m irfil'!lt ill
Kuh' = ~:(p}.1) ~ K1-1h~ = '{;<1'M)
1fm:rt!!i'X.f!lill K, .~)iiffi K jfU
3) ffi'lffiJfilirill'!ltill
K"
C
1)
'
(b)
(,)
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ffifili:' jifr.f!)(l'J c,e"l'll c,
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=
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2
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241
5. 7 Duhamel yj;;J'!I!
~~
"*II:
fft1'1 "il' itli'J riiJ
i Iii' '!' 4' , !1l lJCie lll11lJ tl
Ouh,mel )1!1!J! 111'f*11iii'fl!lli:fr:lf ll!' Jl::f{f Jll J'l.#d'f 1'0
llJ! 1')1'; ((]

'G !iH 11>1 1'1 "il' it iJ fiiJ llil!Jl)( !!\ i!il b\ liii fl! "'1 ll 1~ JlJfllf{t 1\1> jJ
*11
Jli;l;J: >tt
lll'lllJll!!\i'f jitj lll! ICll!il! :J'!iHll>t 1'1 '.!l:itl!:#'21i7Jil! 1'l fl'l "'1 l!i!!, liii!Jilf i'i ff l !i!lltfJ'.!l'it fl'J~ 1i1 Jll
"'1 riiJl!iJ!li'Jill', lj,;Tf !ll-:: Duhamel )1!11!!';-#iiE UJl :!fl,&jfiJi U~1'; iJ j!,f*f\')jj ,
*,
l)l!Fif
5. 7. 1 Duhamel ~llll\Jll:~~~
~ 7\) ' ~ ifl '.!ii :: it! J'l.51\i'f1'0 ll!lC II\ il Fit ff.) 1'11!' it iJ "-ill,, ;JI; ;Jr 1ilii'fiiJ l!i!! '
(5, 7. !)
?l!. +h,p=f1(r,t),
l,Jn
'
p(,,t) ~
F('),
;It q, .i ~ 1'2 ,. .. ,N' N Jl:IB'.~ R ~~J!lJ'I. iJ 1'tt. J/<m,
J&J'I. S, J1 ,t >
(.1. 7. 2)
[[~
(5. 7. 3)
R Jfl, t
Jl:lli.11:'rlllJll jjij s, i'J:i'rl.&~:lf l"1 li'J.ff

1Jll!C:::~i&J'I. ,I, 1'0 h, J!J:J' 1;'1t 1; Jil:::O
fl . .l'\ '!!: l,.h, i!lill:J!J 1J'littt. I.~ 0 j;Jil-~JllJ'I., h, ~o

~ J!1 J'I. l'f
M'f iE!JHoJ llill (5. 7. l) - (5. 7. 3) , ~ lflllJ >:l lilii't:i<li'l'1'J :tt!l f\'(l{JJ&J'l.51\l'f l'll ll!iCl!ll Jl! IP
f, "'1 q J!J ;f !iH Bt 1'1 'lt it iJ l'iiJ l!iJ! , !ii\ )fj ill JllJ 'f Duhamel !Elll1 !it tit~ :!B'lt ;E Ill' fiil l!li 8'J Jil:fci!/i ll!,, l!:
Jl:-t-1~.!li 'll'tE.l& 11!1li'J;JrllJ1,1'!' ~1Jl:1' I. fl1 q '!' Bt 1\U 'lt 1t i'J fiiJllJ! B 11 lll! !ii'. !ii JI'\ i'Jtllllt
r, (il'JJIU ,!!l illfilif llll>l>li'J:lil.&!it tit T ill''l!t) , Ill i:!.1-:lflltll!Ji!. tit ;It UJl Ji!.i'Jt't~tt,
1i1 JJt '~il1it;f!; 1j' %!1111' l\iJll!i (5. 7. ])- ( 5. 7. 3l;t!J!i1i'J~::\Jl!f ii< iJ 411!JllJ "'111!1 .4- <jl(, ,, 'rj ;Ii!;
T l'J 4111 lllJ r~ Ill! i'J Ill' ,
'*
'~(
\l w t,t,r)
+ Aq
1 (
r,r)
l . atP(r,t,r)
mi,
+ h,w(r,t,r)
~
=
X1 a<P(r,t>t:)
at
,
fi
)
, ,r,i; ,
(5. 7. 4)
JllJll s, .!: ,t >
t!>(r,t,r)=F(r),
(5. 7, 5)
IT:f:tRJ:iq,t=O
(5,7.6)
:It q, 'T 7U1'-1'.,.tt' TI'!' Jl:lltfiJ B'J Iii tt. JiJi 0 it4il!JllJ fiJ llill q, /, jitjm\lCllUl!' q :Ml ;f Jl:fftl\U 8'J
Iii tt . "l ~ 10 It Jll!;Jr !JI, fiJ Ill! iJ lJ! ill''ll' !iii .!! 14 it . ffl' 1ltrilifJt .- 1\1 llll >!> i'J :If !!1 PT :If i!ltllil!1'T J1': !!
iii ,
m~ "'" riill!i!! <s. 7. u- <s. 7. 3) (l{J 1111' P<' ,, 1llJ'11 JllJ r "'<' ,, .r 1l/J!rn
p{r,t)
'I'
= -;:;;
rb(r,t - r,<)dr
(5. 7. 7)
.,,.. 'fil 0
&fl !!UJ ii tt p(r '') 1lJ!lllillJliJ ii!tt 41(,,t, r) 8'J I 51.~1'\ 4'' (r ,t, r) ~tatl'iil t 8'J ilii.\l'tt!it tit :fiJ Ill
1'\5t% r:i<lli:5t!'J 03':, # IE:if.!'11 Ylli!5!\itf cs. 7. 6 l , r.3': PT1~~ !ii'.
p(r,t)
>:.(.!:$!;JI: Duhamel
= F(t)
'I ,
+ ,_
ati/>(r,t
~ r,r)dr
'A!lll! i'J ~AJtl/J!lj;. 3l: ( 5. 7. 7) J:; ( 5. 7. 8)Jl\jlljl;~fltli'J,
(5. 7. 8)
5. 7 Duhamel .lt.J.!
243
5. 7. 2 Duhamel ~ l!I! illJ liE !lij

Duhamel ii[!lll (!'J-l'fiiE AIJ1il.!< , ~it , ;!t ([Jilt l\; lilf '11 !E
:iJ (!'J ~ il!i '!!' p(, '') "~ lllJ iE '!!' (!'J ai. il!i '!!' <i\(, ') fiij (!'J ~*
111. l!! l!! 5. 1 '11' 9' !W lill :l>t (!'J Ill ll'-!llllli'.11'. j<l, (!'J tt !!It .1illl< 5. 7. 1) - ( 5. 7. 3)g,tfr ll'-lll !lli ?J)'j<l,
) lij '.'i li!t
~#.i!!jj:tfr 'If !ll!lli '.ll'.li<1ii!l!il tH
17'i'C,,,)
l,
i [q;(,,s) - F(,)],
~ii(,,>)=
+ h.p =
],(,,$)'
k!:lt R pq
(5. 7. 9)
J!1Jl. s. J1J:
(5. 7. 10)
'
!l!i!:(Jf!J, lijl;(X't~llllf6Jlfli1illlC5. 7. 4)-(5. 7. 6li!!rr'.ll'.l\1!. !E'.1!~~1illl9' q(,,e)fll f,(,,e);;;

a>j lllJ t ;Ji;~ , X'IJX l!!< Jl1i fll !ll t'IJLWi'.11'. l'Offtl!t Jillli! 1'( Ill 'If lllllli'.11'. l'k'.11'. It s Iii tH!I! lllJ I~ lfli 'I)' l'k l'i
'.'i )/J;
-
V 2tZ>(r,s,r)
1
+ s..tq(r,r)
;.i;
~..
'
= X[S'V(r,sr) -
cs. 7.11)
F(r)],
l; ,,__ +h,i= -f;(r,r),
(5. 7. 17)
tFtilt' !llJli'l)'j<l,. Tilif X>ttf '!!' c jljfll-!i:tl:t'!Jl!lli'.11'.~ , NP!>!:< 5. 7.

11) 'Ill ( 5. 7. 12)iill!i!ll J!I: T J~e-dc i!!ff filJ!I: Jf ;f<J)lj :ll<.i:!Jlll'-tl:Wi'!l: li<0>!: ( 5. !. 5) , ~IJ:IJ!ll
($. 7. ll)'llJC5. 7. 12)'i)'j!1!flij'.lij)/J;
1'(J:J1] JilX>jfft lllJ5l'.t t
vi~(r,s)
+ 5~q(r,s) = ~ [s@(r,s)
;,;r, + h;@ =
l; ,,_
""'
--
F~r>],
(5. 7. 13)
-7,(r,s),
(5. 7. 14)
'
J: >!: j!ljjji!JI<! VJ Ill ii' tl:llli 5l'. I: " ~1/ ilf
17'[~(,,>JJ+ lq(,,>J
l1
(sa>)
+ h,(s~)
~(,[~C,,s,)}-FC,)),
"""l1<r,s),
IKltRP'l
(5,7.15)
);/l!f. S1 1:
(5. 7.16)
f1illl C5. 1. gJ'lll cs. 1. 1o>?J-~1J'J'1illl cs. 1. 1s) :fll cs. 1. i sli!!fi 1t11rr lil '!!'tit Rllf!E~ !l!n\i'i
tt l!'1 ~c, "'"' !IJ;;li\ffifl~li!i '!!' "!!<' ..,) .m~ il'i1-f6J ll!ili!:'ll;3>:l!l. l;!j tt. EE:iJ ~ilii'!!' 7><' ,, )'J'lm!llJ
il!i'!!'z lllJ1fTJ'IJ3':~,
p(r,s)
*~ :ll<.i:l!l-ll'tl:lli'.lt!if!*~" (5. !.
f" J""
,.
1>!:<5. 7. !S)ftACS. 7. 17) ,Jllj4
(5. 7. 17)
5) '<!><, ,,) OJ''.!ii )/J;
a>(r ,s) =
L[p(r,t)]
= ~(r,s)
p(r,s)
(5.7.18)
lf>(r ,t , r )e - +)dtdr
,.. o
=st J=
tP(r,t,r)e-r+ 0 dtdr
=O 1-v
(5. 7.19)
Tilif E!! >!: <s. 1. 19 l tl1 $:J/liil!JE!E fl il!i'!!' p<' .il 'l'~ lllJ IElll!iWI .i;c, ,t, '> fiiJ 893';,;, J'1 Jt,
J!'.:l'J Ill r J\'.1'111'1(1!'.!il>tt!!lt. 111.l!! <P<r". '1 r J\'.1!111'\ .i; c,,, 11!'1t>' 'l!'lllllli'.11'.~>l: cs. 1. 2s1 Gxlll
244
'i' 1\iJ '16. !,[, r ii' ~~'ll: ,'fi I!\, l<*lof iil'l!:~ J .l't (5. 7. I 9) A'l:t>lilfo]''!l:ii]'
'$)'I&
J,[p(r,l)=
(S. 7, 20)
s"\ cs. J. 7J }f!t:l!:JllJ I SUIHJ\A'J \E Si.>\ cs. 1. 27 l , 1f !I>' Cr,,~ ol ~ o,
mu oJ>' <r.1!1<1ntr1, ,;JtJ1!1!''1l:B'J"~'J"'!Jlll:
r[~'(r.1)]
_,
dt
=s<'c r,s J
(5.7.21)
jlfj'\(5. 7. 20)1')(5. 7. 21)flj ltf( .i!>'!ll

(5. 7. 22)
) _ (JI>' (r,t)
p (_r,t.
at
(5. 7. 23)
Ji;; .lffi lil 'll:I X-l<m!'J >E Xl't (5. i. 27 l, J:>\ iiJ'1l:'.!B' Jll;
p(r,t) =
"f' 0
at
,~ iP(r,t
r,r)dr
(3. 7. 24)
i:!i\:;I!; Duhamel \E.f!l!fi'l'll:'l''l<JJ;i}j'\(5. 7, 7), 'l';i!;\E.f!l!fl;fl]iiE'E,
5. 7. 3
Jlt ~~'flt )Jt l' Duhatnel JE l1I! ll\J I:~ ft it
NJ: !il:-~tll' llt l4 Jlll T Duhamel \E.f!l!EIJ'll:$ 311ltl't. Jtr-f< ~'1'1'1* fi'l 1!! iji. ti\'% .1*
\E.f!l!(IJ 'll: "J'.l'!Jt>t iif ~ l!!-:Wi'il! it. Tllif 5J' ~Ll 'f VkJti'e.
ll!-f'l!1tlJI, ~lJJlil JE.JJ ;;,,'!'. it'E ;}f'F'f'". mu>t c5. 7. 8JI!! it~
p(r,t) =
f'
""
iita_<P(r,t r,r)dr"
(5. 7. 25)
ll!::f'i11>Ji'. ~t;J li1 !E.!J ;IJ:<I' , Er 11 il'J iiI!'?JJ\ l'f'/lllJi'J'ilXA'I 7\ 'lljj'it:lllll q Ct! fiilf./ 1'1"
iL Jtrl!;f<i'tiJJ!\. "'llil! l'iiJ l!i!"'! Jlll:
(5. 7. 26)
i!J'l-
o,
1 "r!f>IO .1'f "l!<riiJ m<s.
p(r,t) ~
111 1.~ !II s. 7.

l!i! !) J'.!ey Ji!.
V'w1 (r,t,r)
l
+ Aq(r)
11 ~i<;;;; ~.!.!.?.
il>1(r,t,t)=O,
s. J: ' > 0
o
C5. 7. 281
cs. 7. 2a1 tfl mil'l 1ll! WJ Iii! m<l1! 1'E ie t1' llll WJ l'iiJ
IZl!il R r'l ,1
7. 2c1 -
1 dfll (r,t r)
X
,ft -
1
h,<P1 (r,t,r) = O,
(5. /. 27)
>o
CS. 7. 291
i!IJ'l-S, ;J:, t
(5. 7. 30)
t=O
(5.7.31)
IZl!il R
r'l,
l[~Rr*J,
Ill llfr i!if IJT ~ iif '){] , llil! t!i 4>, Cr .t. r) k'L Fn, j!J i't A l't <5. 7. 251 PP i* )l! llil! Iii! Jill cs. 7. 261 c5. 7. 28J (1'J Ill p ( r , t ) , ill. cl! l'J' f j;t "11'1' 1* 1f jf; 7\ :!! :>!< llil! ][~ /!! iji. fi'l llll W1 Iii! l!i! 2, W: llll ll!J liiJ
J!i!j.;
.5. 7 Duha1nel ~JI
245
o~
)
v w:tr,t
+ l). -_ lX '*1>2(1',t)
at
I 1 iJltl~(r,t)
....
+ h~
;wz ( r,t )
<P2(r,t) =
cm1
(5. 7. 32)
-- 0
{ES,J:,
:(18'.~
R r:Jg ,t = 0
(5. 7. 33)
(5. 7. 34)
.!\\ t\ .1ll! WJ liiJ llJl 2 lt1ll! WJ l\ill'! I !Ii! llf .\j'l.j-i! $, 12: A'J!JI: it:J'Mli!!'f'1itlli:, ll'!'i' fiij llliT' /iii lil.~ft r, '@:
1"liE !ill , 1ll! J!!J l\il !Ill 1 A'Ji!'i' <!>, (r ,t, c) J1ll! WJ fiijl'j 2 A'JWI <!>, (r ,t) Z f'llili )i!. TJilJ'l<;,l\
.P1 (r,t,r) =
l);
(5. 7, 35)
q(r).P2(r,t)
M' J: , iili:!!l:J1'1~A!ll: 1if I' ili , '<! <!>, (r ,1"l1i1i Ji'. '!rill< 5. 7. 29 l - <5. 7. 31 l , ITT1J <!>, (r, tl -
<!>, (r,t,r) /q(cJ-!Elilt/Ji'!rllHs. 7, 32)-(5. 7. 34) ,Ji.<;ll);~.

tli Jlti1i>ili !i!;Ji'o, \i] l'! (5. 7. 26) - ( 5. 7. 28) A'lll p(r,t) jjf flf WJ r1ll! WJ fiij llli (5. 7. 32) (5. 7. 3411!11!'1 <!>,(r.tlflllllliCllllli' q(r)'1J.jf;1'J
( ) f'-q()
<*Pi<r,t -
p r ,t =
iJt
r)d
(5. 7. 35)
ill:1\1. ~ 11!Ji'il llll it:l!il llt !fllit r~ 11:ii: fl'J f'l !!l U;llll; *Milli it:ll!lli'1' 1itltfl'J r1 !!l JAW if* f1'1 ilJ:
l!i!x1allrit.
ll!:::Ofl!i'#>:ll. 'lf 1'JJM! IE.fl :O!l!li', 111 iCllllli'oF ;!;$:, ftli!!li\'l!IJ'l.!l<i'f 9'1f -1' <W: 11 Ji; i 1' l
li!! '" 1f ix A'l , El.., at ni'tf 1l' ,:!\I; iE !111\il llil 14 Ill!;
vip(r,t) = l Jp(r.t)'
(5. 7. 37)
~
I,
iJt
it
a.,, + h,p(r,t) --
8,f.(t),
(5. 7, 38)
B:J!ttRrig,1-0
p(r,1)-0,
(5. 7, 39)
fl: Jill Ji; s. 7. I 1'i Ml!\ , :!\I; 1'1l l!Z fl'J41il WJ \ii llil <i.B:JI!. Vl '1:f\llilil WJ (1lJ l'! D iiJ '!'!ti~
IB:lli! R Pl, t >
<P1(r,t,r)=O,
llij: ili <!>, <r ,t, r l !;.{ Fn.
(5. 7. 40)
l!IJ'I. S, J(J: ,t > o
(5.7.41)
L'[~Rftg,t=O
(5,7.42)
re E ftA'1: (5. 7. 25J , IP i1i> ;J! llij:fiill!f <5. 7. 37)- <s. 7. 39 l fl'J Ml p<r ,1 l, J;;
ll!.= f>i'ti!' l!L%>l:!J:s~ .R '!l!Ji'M<)[1Jllf.!flA'llilil1VJ f'll'! 2, 1111WJ r"' l!l 2 .1'

,,,~ (
V
W2
r ,t
x1 a4J at
) _
l JIP2(r,t)
,
dni
2{r,t)
+ h1<!>i(r,t)
>O
(5. 7. 43)
illJ'I. s, J(J:'
>0
(5.7.44)
J3:l!jt R rig ,
t = 0
(5. 7. 45)
B:~
= 0i,
liP1 (,.,r) = o,
R rig,
.!il.M.. lili! llJJ 1'11! I A'Jili' <!>, (r ,t, r )-'"1ll! l JJ fii] llJl 2 fl'Jllij: .z;, (r .t) Z l\iJiilli IE!;.{ T.'<'.l\
<P1 (r,t,r) =
J;l; 1if i1lh':t:!!l:J1'ft Afi'J'!r!IH!!lit !Jl 1t"1JiiE >Ill ,
( )- f'
p r ,t
<R~
c!J~(r,t)f,(r)
(5. 7. 46)
re 'E1tA'1: <5. 7. 25 l RP11J
f 1(r ) <*Pi<r,t 1
1')dr
(5. 7. 47)
ault11!ili!i'iitdiiJll!l(5. 7. 37)-(5. 7. 39lit'Jf!ll p(r,tl1if1111.lliJ'flil!JliJfilJll!l(5. 7. 43)(5. 7. 45) it'Jf!ll<P,<r .t) if1J f/ t ><'<n<Jlll;>t (5. 7. 47) it'JJB>t,
i3: 19'1!1:!eel< l!'FYi'-1'itl l'l'*l'l'llilil'l lllJ t 'Jl;1t fl'J f"J ll!l 1tJlll;el< f!ll ~lt!l'l'1fd'i':li!t11t !li:it'J l'J II!!.
Ill! of< f!lf ii !5! 111 >JJ 1W it .
5. 7. 4 Duhamel
:l'Ell0\Jfilll
Tilii Jif*iJl.HJJ Duhamel ll!.lll!tE~iltlJ '<'!' it'J !'Zfll ,

I) '1t'8!:kJl!!J!l<i'- D!li!i":Jl'!9*iii[ 3i;'11,;kJ1!!1l! 'f'- P Jl'i"':!l!;Jt fl'J ll!f!ll l'il] llifilJ!l' Jlil;
1p +_lap _ _lap
i1r 2
<Jr -
rw<r<cx_>,t>O
X lJt '
(5. 7. 48)
I '!ar,I-- i5lS!l
(5. 7, 49)
2trKh '
p(r,t) =p,,
r-=,
t>O
(5,7.50)
p(r,t)=p,,
r.,.,;:;;r<=,t=O
(5.7.51)
i3::11!o:Yf -1-itl l'l'!lH'l'!til'I flil 'Jl"i!: it'J fiil Ill!. jJ T file!ll Duhamel ll!.lll! 'I' WIll ElifJ
:iJ:, 1if ~ i>p= p,.-p(i .il. 'f:li>fiill!liitjj

a'i>p
dr 1
+ _l ai>p -.. _l ai>p
r.,<r<=,t>O
rar-xar'
I,"t"I
~~~~
*"'fll Ill it'J "
(5. 7. 52)
(5. 7. 53)
Ap(r,l) =O.
r-=,
Ap(r,t) = Q,
r.,
t>O
"< r < =,t =
(5.7.54)
(5. 7. 55)
i!1"f fnlfl ilii E'iii$ fl'J ll! :=':l'Ptllllll .ltc!ll file it'J lill l!IJ fiil l!!i 2 :li>of<f!lf Pl it! J'f *14' :tJ 711'!& it'J fiil IJ , RP
r.., <r< =,t >
<ZJ~(r,t)
= O,
4'3(r,t)
O,
l'!:.l! ll! 4. 1. 2 ll"lt foJil. i3: 1"-lill JliJ rJl!!iit'Jll1\

(J)
,,
Jt9t ,u= 4if 'du= -
,.,
4
r,.
~-
'
t)=-
(5. 7. 56)
r=r..,:2J::,
t>O
(5. 7. 57)
r-c..-,
t>O
(5. 7. 58)
r.,
~r<
a<P(r,t - r) =
at
7. 47l!l'i:c.{E
-I
-du
Z L u
lf'
2., o
(5. 7. 59)
(5. 7. 60)
'"
X12 dt. ~p
=,t =
I I f" ,-
I . - -r'
-E1
2
4Xt
t,l)2(r,t)
~ l:>tf\:A(S.
I I
exp - -r'
4Xt dr
iJJ- .,.-zy;.' dr
2ai~
f(r) ~Q/2Kh.~Hll
(5. 7. 61)
= e-~
t-r:
(5. 7. 62)
5. 7 Duhamel ;tJ.t
247
p(r,t)
p, -
, Kh
Q(r)
,'
-e-:rrn:::<!dr
J'
not-r
':ttr:
(5.7.63)
llll!i'i!1-lil!lilJi!Jillit*B'iJiliiJll i!tff l!lJ J!l:fi ff :li!Ji2! J'f'l'i?! ;% R. W!<ii [;/J ;%~, Pl ill!
lit ff iWlC, t>O HttE r~ R olJ:!l'J)< jlilJ.-.![:tJ p~ f (t). ;Aoj< t >O :li!J)j! Pl ff'J ffi:tJ:iJ' 1)i p(r, t) ,
Xi 'P iZ #ti!IJ!l , JE i! roJ Ill! nf '.!lf lit
i1p + l ".e - l ".e
O<r<R,t>O
(5. 7. 64)
2)
Jr
rdr--Xat.'
p(r,t) = f(t),
r = R,
p(r,t) = O,
>
(5. 7. 65)
r~R,t=O
(5. 7, 66)
itlll & ff'J :\iii Wi r'il Ill! 2 nf '.llr JJ<

:fl!J2 !
tti!li~
.!. ~.~ - .l
d4'>2
O<r<R,t>O
(5. 7. 67)
~.(;,t)=l,
r=R,
t>o
(5. 7, 68)
{t)!(r,t) = O,
O~r:>:;;;R,t=O
(5. 7. 69)
dr-~
ri1r-Xi1t'
9. 2 ;1"9' Ml, NP~';!:< 4. 9. 35) 9' p, ~ J , W:llfll!IJ r<iJ !\!!!<) 1!:\ll

ifli(r,t) = 1_1_ ~
J~({i.r)
p,J, </J.RJ
R .-
e-P!t<
(5. 7, 70)
ct! J1!":#f#ill (!<] i''il: (5. 7. 4 7) ilJlll !tt:tJ :it 1\i

p(r,t)
~ ~i;e~p, f'(~;ZiJ'J(r)e'~'dr
~~)
(5. 7. 71)
lt'I' .P. Jilt J, <#.Ill~ o ff'J ii!.

~{Et,< J!i:f!J!: C5. 7. 71):11:1'} tB ~ Gibbs ~ ;t..
f r~ R ft All: ( 5. 7. 7Jl , '!'i!ll <m .!>ii\ tB
p(r ,t) ~ j(t) , :\l1 Jt, X~>\ ( 5. 7. 71l !<J~:iJ'i1ffi:iJ'llillj:(:iJ', j1!
(5.7.72)
(5. 7. 73)
p)f J;l 5'\(5. 7. 71) "Jill<'.!!' lit
p(-r,t)
= /(t)
1.
~ JQ(/l,r) [f(O)e-ill! + J'e-x~{i-)d/(r)J
R :={ f:J.J1 (j3,.R)
.
Q
(5, 7. 74)
24-8
6
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ill' i* 8'J %3': ;i; lilJ i:l:14!!if l/E- o!\JlJ ;ielt. 1'ti1:. "\1*8'1:1\\ ilOil!Bi::IJ 8'J :il' lt1JC*. ;j;(llif&t11ill 1*$
mt. 9' ~' i1' i1I it!"! f1' 'ii! t\::11:!!1! it' ff , i& $ !'Ii 1t l!l'llf ~ l'!i 4' Darcy iii' illi.;l!: l"Z , '11 8f Jf 'llf ~!!\ill tt
110 ~' ~ Jtt "\ II< ii; illi 1lii it7t 1rl!il 8'J 4F ~tt l!il !i'.11! ho 'A fill. i\!! !ill 8'J illl'.1111!If1'J111 'llt il!1r l!1 lfl. m
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1!I! !ii!"\ i*a<J ~~~)il!itJ
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xr f
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~ 1i Iii 1'ililt
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p
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(6. J. 3)
+.
fl; "' ' z #>Ii fltl ;!ll llil

ffi!iii L!il 'E Ji!"\ ii< l!lt1l!' fQ Efi. fJ itJ Jiii 'Ii:')( ;il;"\ ii"' L!il z ,,, !!! 1l!' fQ
ffifJ [1'1 '*~ B lit!l!Jll'J lilt ll'I , :In ll'l 6. !Ffr;R, ll'I 'P Ii(~ l~ Efi. p. C'1!l1'1! jij;, Ii( Jt ~ llilll!' T. ::<!~'Ii:,
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Standing~Katz ilia~ (;l5i T Im. Xrr-T ~l:J"fttf ~ 1*-<Yu COz, HzS, Ni) 09 7C ~!.\,Wichert, Aziz
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ti' i!: ( 6. 1. 4) cp itJ p, fQ T, l:illif .jlj''lf ll'l 6. L
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6. L 2 "\ i* JI !11ft I: , r II iliJ Jt!l Ji!! i* ~ 1ft I:

-f'P'l!J lilt itJ i!ji l!I ffi!41i .!\ 'Ii: A!)(::<!
:11;
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Cg""
~(~)T
li!lf;l!ltll!'.l'~n~,r.f'f .ti!:< s. 1. 3li~A
,P> =
; -
fl~ Ill Ml~ ffi!41i .II 'Ii: ,., 'I! JE)(JJ ffi!iii"' 'Ii: "
c, =
c~p,
(6,J,5)
ti!:. !l!lit!l;'t J<FitJ Efi.!iii .!\'Ii: ' :JiJ
zip) Id~~)
I.
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= ;, -
Z(lp) ( :;;) T
(6. 1. 7)
250
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1!16. I
7<:!11"\mlil!lllli'l'l!!I
<!' f "\ 11L!ll '>! "1:1111i'II'll!llliI!"\1*, f ;tt <6.

28. 97, NU 1if f iili "'{ 1*6'! 7 {1[1' ;Jt
J. 2l fi;A <6. 1. 7l , '1' 1 ill: !lJ '2 "\Ii'! :fr'f :I: ::9
251
(6, L 9)
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=
lO< ii< jji 111! il\ f'f, p, = 0, I 013Z5MPa, T, = 15'C = 288. 16K, (ff H;j' IJ1l Ell !!! ill T,
293K , J J:;;J:; 'I' J1l WJ ti< 111l#d'f r llilc:!f! 11i1 -f Z "' 1
6' 1. 3
jji "
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-#!~ll/J lilt B'J 1\'iI.I!'. II<~ T
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'1(1\ 'f ilil itll/J B'J !!!:St
it)f.:'Rf&"CB'J 1\'i!l ill'!;! JI! J1l Can, Kob.\y,hi, Bunows ( 1954) Will tll B'J tilt;. l!<itilt;1' lll!it
tll 0. IMPa r ::R~"Cfl'J 1\'iJl, ~!' ~ltJ\!'.'f' i'J ffi;iJ r!'J :(\\If, O. lMPa r *fll'llll/J lilt ('1i-i!lJt"C
0.024,--,,--,~..,..,-~
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=
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0.01
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160
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lll6. I o. lMP ffi:ti"F'tf*~!.111

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(6. L 10)
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(6.1.11)
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209 + ! 9M + J. ST
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3. 6108
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2.1954
2.3999
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:l.0554
3, 2872
3. 5251
3. 7690
4. 0185
4.2735
4. '1303
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6.3089
7.0228
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5.8776
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6.4970
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10. 0495
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11. 4956
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20.2946
21.0083
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22.4090
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16. 8412
17.4804
16. 8150
17. 2901
17, 7612
18. 2283
18. 6914
19.!50$
20.0604
20. 9615
14. 5632
14. 15928
2). l;l537
22.1361
23. 6105
18. 1145
1$. 7135
19. 3673
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20. 5993
21. 2076
21.1750
25. 3303
26.1763
27. 0132
27. 8409
24. 4860
25. 8522
27.2075
28, 5508
29.8815
34, 435Z
31.1992
32. 5036
33, 7943
35, 0712
36. 3344
37. 5837
38. 1035
p(MP11l
1. 000
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36.2740
39. 9223
41. 7295
43.5240
45.3055
47. 0731
49.75~0
51. 9431
54.1231
3. 00
28. 2415
30. 0944
31. 6502
33. 2314
34, 8371
36. 4666
38.1191
39. 7937
29. 6156
31. 0037
32. 4048
33, 8182
35. 2431
36. 6786
39. 5769
43. 1956
46. 6559
50. 1691
53.7299
57. 3337
60. 9161
64. $533
42. 5019
45. 45!8
48.4215
51. 4073
54. 4059
57.4142
60. 4295
~3.4494
68.3614
12. 097)
66. 4718
75. 8571
(m.Pil 1)
~
2. 758
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0. 0118
5. 516
0. 914
0. 0125
8.274
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11.032
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(2)
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2680. 1
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0.60
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v
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(6. 2. 28)
2;rKh T"p
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p Q
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(6. 2. 29)
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r Chn I =
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(6. 2. 30)
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6. 2. 4
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(6. 2. 31)
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ill d:liii; "1:Ji!:1'! Jf ll! cs. 2. 301' ill !tl!U\ 'ttJ!\:JiH'i'f ;lJ uL ill! 1't *lill1!11!"f,
,
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i\16. L 9J,ll11f
(6. 2. 32)
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v wv
2'.Pr,
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(6. 2. 33)
ill l!-;!HH1\l '1t t ~1t

1l Pl itl!l-Jkl'f tr 51 Jll :it 6. 3 I.Ii l'lJ EIJ xlt!i'llit Ll Id , )\H!f f!'te/iiliiit ill P'l l!l!/l-Jkl'f PT"\'~
(6, 2. 34)
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mi Jll> "f mt* i1i l'l r 'Ill !f ll!lf Ji,l'JI! 111 ii!( fF i!-!l> ltl(l; mi T , 'lit ffl(E"\ fi'J/i; lilt 1' 113 li! )(. Si 'i! i1i
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_ .JlL
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Si 'f IE 1 !OJ lilt lllJ I\ tit 1' . Jl!!lll J!i: !f11!1! lilt lllJil!!llJI!!;!: , 'i!lttt-llillilt~ !'Z lttl' '!11 li!. , JI- illi 51 i!!l-1' !10
fill r* i1i ~!'Z IYJ lll<t:lm !Ii fi\\ , f!!J:!: 1' lll<t!JO IE rli 1' ii! 'litil!i , 'E .lij lilt :lll:Jill; 1E It , l'l'I ii!(11!1!1''111 '.'!;!ill' lilf 'I\:
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(l::.P1r) v
= DQ"'
(6. 2. 36)
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(6. 2. :37)
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(6. 2. 39)
(6. 2. 40)
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6.3.4
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6)
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Q" = p,,,
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.,
6. 3. 2
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dr
dr = O,
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(6.3.111
m = m, = rn(p,),
(6. 3. 12)
rn-111,.=
m, -
rn,.
R 1n 1n'
(6. 3. 13)
(6.3.14)
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r
m(p) - m(p,,) = ln ~-
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r.,
(6. 3. 16)
it>\ ( 6. 3. 13) Jcj ( 6. 3. 16) JillM"1l '~ill. llil!itt

Q _ trKhT,,(m, - m.,,)
"p,,Tin(R/r.,)
6. 3. 3
zi;ifiif~iqi~~
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(6.3.17)
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265
c6. 2. 2s) m1J itrti.;i;ifiilt, 4litf.l-:li!llf'I! 1tn
+ Vm
'ii (li\Jrn) = S\1 2 rn
(6. 3. 18)
Y'6 = O
!Elf "il 1'ii l'UJ'.!& h'!.Pnl' !E ~11 llJl,

a1..!(,dm'l+dmd8~o,
rdr dr
drdr
rw
m=m.,,
tfr=r,.)Zl:
(6.3.20)
m=m,,
tfr=Ril:
(6,3.21)
(6.:~.19J
,Iii,!!\ 'ifl!l!tt- ~ii[ I~
if.* 'll: 8 JJ1itfi '.ITTU:lii'<
3. 19) !\till fl'.1' ( 6, 3. 10) -
:9;1'iil:!\t!l\ D"''Y
i!'illt , !!!!it~ i!tr ~ 'J' l\'1Jtilm, J!ll[ iti-e4' Dany if;lili: , J 'JI; IJl[J!Jlf fU !E;IJ fl'~, #; {(] 'l'Jlltli:
ti' t '1<! ti !rill ( 6. 3 19 ) - (6. 3. 2lJ ilil ;Ii!),\. ilLll :If Ill Ill :it'.!& Ill illl lit V 11 $! l': xi: , ~ 10 j~ A1F
D"'Y ;'l';iJ[jj'l'1(6, 2. 7), Pfi1'~ij dp/dr J!l'ifii dm/dc S'J'JC%''c't,
M'f !EJ!lili!llL!lt F 'EF S'J 9:!!', nJ .Jlf if;IJ[J!Jlf v -"5 !Et! p 11~%' ::!I
(6,
(6. 3. :'.2)
(6. 3. 23)
(6. 3. 24)
{3Q?p;,p,.:l'(
rn(p) - m(pw) = Q"p"'I' In_!___+

l.
trKhT,. rw
2Jt h I" , r.,
Q.,p:rl
m(p ) - m ( p, ) = ;r:Kh1',.,
r
R
+ f!Q;,p"p,T(
Zri"hB1tI'"
(6 ..3. 2.5)
(6. 3, 26)
r,
I
I
R - -;:-
~Ct il'i xi: Ill l>il: llJ ill>
(6. 3. 27)
~a+
"
Jat + 4b(m, 2b
m.,)
(6. 3. 28)
(6. 3. 29)
(6. 3. 30)
6. 4
lQ-1( &c:Jt4~fitl~liii
l'Eli! 6. 2 Ti 9' .\ t!J 9: ll<J1;1ilt ill lll1:5t:li!ll S'J C:l'ilfi 3l:, 'If i!!fi T i1!!1t. *ll'M:: l'i:lrl'IJ!( '1:
II< !!ittill; 'lie S'J 1' [jlj J!l M'!" iJ 11'!!it tB 4 f!'lltlf ~ , 'i1'"5-lilt1~ !i!tt1"!11!7.l-:lil'il S'J 'tt iii'IWIJ!I' 11' 't It
266
6. 4.1
7CilHA!t!laJEFtJ:
1r JtHi!:IJ< ft:l.fl'i! B'J ll'ltrifl'f.. Ji\~ !ill! ii!! ft 8<J iii J!l<l'i>~ Y f!ll fi'iif .!t. ill 1if i:A ;J< 11! ffll!iiM'O<J
'i!!itit . J,Uiiifru!JJ;'!i tl11!1lli.!J 1"tLR;ti ITT 'Jl' it~tlt. [!JJlf{EI!lLt fl -IE 8<J '.);JI! flt 00:,
~i!llf!ll :JC'~ :A:ll!tl!l !i'.i"'fl:!:l!Vl!Jl' ii! ;E fl'f.fiiJ llll Bi :JC fl::l.f!l! i 6 2. 31J , Vi it!J'I. <6. 2. 34 >,Yr
lt!1/-ifdt- C6. 2. 43 l ifll !JJ!fn ill i'f <6. 2. 46 >lit ili , 'till 1"11'."'!i! 'I' MW: i>ftllMilf. l'J Xi' ffl i'iiJ i!Jt\%1':
;!fl ll'l ii'L $;fl
. ,I
rp
Vi
=-1..Ei[!.
2
4tf)
mn. =
~ rbi 4tn<O.
01, ~~ t[l/rt:::.."'.>25
.J.. Eil
2
I,
rb 'I
4tv
(6.4.2)
~t, PJ fflXt~1't:IR/9
n10t
1[1n rL,, + 0. 80907 J
(6. 4. 3)
(6. 4, 4)
"\#ii':# 11i'1flt\'1Ei[!J 'f s O<J#m<!#~ c,. 1ifill1" IE 6. s 1'll s. 6 tti

fil 8'J1!1lif: IE /Jiii, .RJ!JEJiji)i: IE/iiii 'l'B'J LR:!J p, c~JitJfJLR:iJ m" IPlif,
:If~ ll<'i!l!tEllitVI! l'<S<: ,j\ tt, iiIT:f '1T 11! !ffijf;;J:/>Y., m~xt c6. 4. 4>iEl!iilf'Jl!fll:i\1J F'.liff illfl it!\11
iliAn
QT
K
m, - 1nwi: = 0. 01466 Kh (!gt+ lg ~,-l,r~ + 0. 9077 'I' 0. 8686S:
(6. 4. 5)
"~;;'<J!Z;fo#flll
:it 'I' .m.1.fll m, 7t ~IJ j'.Jfil[iJJ BUJ p.,.fll )!\ lilll!!I>! !Iii jJ P r lfrxt Jit'.B'J JfJllUJ CMPa' /mPa ') I"'
J!;Vi!:ll; Cl O'm' Id) ':lt'l':i'!~ifll Jl!ill:1"1'!1! jf Jil' l!itti li'J, Bl ~1J::l\\'JI!<1if J;.( i1!'tr# !it J,i:jf 1} l!i.fll !l'
1i ill! iJ!JfJ. it. # JJ! ITT !Iii l'i>Ul:#'f!Jl!ht l6. ' 5 >, iEi1f fr !Iii .!J l'i>lt Ul:!f lft, oJ1~'9; nil Bi.ti ttll<
6. 2 19!'.l!:"~n!JIWE.fJ m-lgt fl'J ill!iil!, 1$<111! iil!J::i"Zfl-ll''ll<llt, ~ill :lt>i!'f$ m, Ill:, 'tli<t!!l'
r->t (6. 4. 51 '!'tli~muoo w'1\n. rll lit 1if Ji:ili Kh mi, 11.\Fn llkll'ti<lltJ: ":It !!I~!'!< J:: ,_ 1h f1'J
l!1 LR.!J m, iil.!P lif '.W tl1 ~*Ei 1"1-f S' Ill:, :ff 'liP~15 ll!"& .ffl!J!ttlill/li'& Ei ?tlf, illlf/lli"il)Cf leJ
Iii Jilt A11'1:!f , Bi:!J IJ< :l JB:!f .; 1111 !l' 1'1:Jt5(!f~ >/if3' Jf l2i fl'i lJ; il!J LR.ti 19! Ji'." J!( LR.ti .#~ JliiJ "c
Jl'J!(lf.jJ m,,xt lg[ (t, + 6t) i 6t ](!.) ill!!'!<, :JI; 'l':l'JitJi'.i:t!ll!.5) J:l&fll flll,
i'Ei1f frii'1i ill! ~Jrt itlft. [!! J!!! i!:ll'l lili'1<Jt t
LR n :it'l'r<xtJt mat rllJ 8'J XJtxtn
ill! iii! , FJi !:A J;)'.>/if ~Iii# JJii !E.!J 4" 1' Jitfl :ll; !111lU!E .!J & :it .\l' nH'l ill! iii!, ti\ JEi .!:; )!!! ii ll'l lilii1!'filU
it' jfJ it J;.( Fna'J fl'f.*"i:t!l!.SjiJIJ 1tlil' J!Hllll!il'!. !Ui'lc!' 6. 3 'I' FfrY1J 8<J :Ji'llt!\11:111: fl'J Ji' J( iP 1iT,
it !ll iii: 1' ti' i1II UJ; Y ,
fj)J !Gfl: li'lfl:.fllitlli O<JitJ!I'.'
mw n
1f -;i; :;-m!')'\il!<, ;ti;!!l:)J-1!1-:!tfrP 6. 2. 3 1'1'l!:fllJNi;J<, ~Cl '\it J;J Q, - 19. 82 X10'

m' !d!iE i":!I! 'EFT t = 36 1JB1. ii\Jll lfJ ffi:IJ::lfl!, ;J<:Jtta1Jt iJl! iJli ffi p~. "Oii\ it<f !'; '1!1JJlf
imT,
h=11. 9m
K=O, OZOm'
;-o. 15
r,.=O. 12m
M=17. 7
T=322K
p,=4. 58MPa
Z,=O. 838
T=l9BK
,=O. 0158mPa s
c,.=O. 0769MPa- 1
1~00=0.
<-110,,=0. 100Iv1Pa
0146nlPa s
;=O. 0152mPa s
C=O. 0885MPa- 1
Z16oo=O. 853
Z=O. 846
P~ !JtJ If JJ llt!'I! ttJ!I: JIU

_ 3. 6Kt _
f , 1 ~ 1tt!ltilZ l!ll
r"
3. 6(0. 02)36
r/ipcr~ - (0.15)(0. 0152)(0. 0885)(0.12) 2
lv -
m.,,
Qv
p,-13. 8MP
_
-
0 8923 X 1
= 1(lntD+0. 80907) = 1. 255
(6. 4. 6)
78. 55Kh/Q,Tm,
1'1!llJ T,-293K,p,-o. 101325MPa,Q ff'JP/l.&:% lO'm'/d, ll:l!! 6. 2. 31'1''l!'fl1J,p,

-13. 8MPa X~ J;l!'f m,= l 5665MPa' /mPa s. *11! ;X:'l!1JJ1f1\:A1!!> Q, j<;
QD
Qn = 78. 55Kh . . . . (78. 55)(0. 02)(11. 9) =
(19. 82)(3221(1566.5)
Q.Tm,
0 02179
'
I'!!~ m~ = llm/ m,Q,, Jil<l'1 ll!

'.lll,.1
m, - mrnm;Qu
15665 2477 = 13190(MPa"/mPa s)
ltf IE 6. 5 'Till m.,}JliX& J!ZIFJ tr IJl! ilt!E p., -12. 6MPa,

~U
~p 'ti"
36 !}Bj'jf llli!E:IJ Ell 13. SM Pa fij<
12. 6MP,,
:=:fol;IHiit!Jli!i!IU'J ~t*l! liJ l:Jll 1!l !E:IJ ::If IJ;Jt:M' T :Jem:klfil !!; 1' ~ r:i iiE i":!I tr!'! il'J
+. ~!!!\ill iiJ liJ M.ffi:IJ '!':1f:lf1'!;fll ffi:IJ:lftttll '.it i' ;Jtill'l';fll 1+. rilil Wl'I: p' 1"1if1 t :nm. rei
1fi'J; 'f' ~lil'IFJ 'l'!tlJ ill' ill "TliJ :/f;f liil 8'JJll;J!l1fi'J;, A,;, et ol Cl 975 l xr 24 r:J 6t 11'4!-f>l:f liil "1:#
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It~ j\l,i!{ 6. 5 :i:l: !ll ~ ~ ill'flil'!i\ Jilli t1' Ji!: lit 111 li'i
M. ilij ii) J;J 1t :\Ii :f lei :If I);!'! ill Jlll JI;"' !fl
m: !l!I.
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p, Tl!: ili !'! , ilif jf! 6 7111' F!r J!l(t,J c 1ifl Z ill'Jl!;(EJ!;J:!fll!. p- [ <p! + p~) /2]'"T'i!'tll !';. jf! 7 JIJ
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c
p, Tl!' tl1ITT1f :f1J 111 Ji~ <p, +P l /2 fU c~ <c. +c., J/Z, iifi l!! Io fu 9' F!i Ill ITT 'f J1Jll!:"1 p~
"'iE
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+ ,.1,i12 ,r= (c, +cw1) /2 .Z= CZ,+Z.,1) /2 ,p= (p,+ PwJ) /2,
m11 3'11 ft-Jf{~ ~ffe~ 4 3ilJ ffJ:F
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280. 7
36.812
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6. 11
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200
156. 4.
99.109
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356
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28.317
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291. 8
141.58
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s. 115
8. J 56
s. 122
8. 156
8. 136
s. J.56
. 154
zo
S.640
5. 6IG
5.640
5. 511
5.640
5. 557
s. 654
f>. Gl2
5. 610
. 313
Zl
8, 329
6. 322
6. 322
~-
30?
6. 322
B. 316
6.322
"
2. 944
2. 972
2.
~51
2. 972
6. 316
2. 937
32~
2. 97fl
2.972
2. 951
2. 972
' 135
. :146
23
2. 811
2. 792
2. 820
2.813
2.820
2. 799
2. S20
~.
799
2.820
' 351
24
I.
~65
1. 931
] . 958
1. 937
l. 944
t. 924
1. 951
1. 93;
1. 965
. 360
12
6.
s > xr'f Bi ~tiuHil'JEi. !Ill J!l 1,4, 1s ~clf'B'Jlleclf'. ffl 'I< 5, 5 '!' l'IJff fiif ~fi<:IJl!dt:ll' te (1'J
t;\ Ji!ll! '1! 1!11 :f J!H~ :k. t!l it;Ii; iJ! ~ ,1, ffi
'If' ~ J!l ii\: l!\O :IfI* 'I' A'1 if fiiJ ~ #1!il;!i; bJ ff (1'J
""li!:
s.4.2 ~w~~*-omF#mmff#
xt 'f I!! *"'JI'l4il!i! *~'J Hie 7rit1 JI' MI'll ffi ?rJII JI' Jl!ffi mlll' (1'J ill: il'J iii
~Hti Jf t.i rfl
ilt ?rJII JI' 'P1'r!::!I R :If!ij[ Ji! l!;;, i'f ar r; lit

<fmn
+ 1. amn =
Chnv
Jr!,
rn !Jro
&n
am"
rn Jrv
=-1,
*.
(6, 4. 7)
rv =
>0
(6. 4. 8)
270
Clnto _
(}rD -
'
(6, 4. 9)
mo(ro,to) = O,
Ro,t = 0
rv
(6, 4. 10)
;i;'f'l,;Ji;:liiifl:lla31!! 6. 3 iER. J:i!lil!IM<riiJl!!itEJli s. 4. l l'i'l'B!\;IM<i:t,!il,'Jl:C5. 4. 6l-C5. 4,

9l , '.Jl;!M< a3 P: cs. 4. 2BJ!li ill , IP'if ifiii; 7t :II !IJJJIJIK:IJ
(6,4.11)
J 1(Roa)1V 1 (a) -
N1
(Rva)J1 (a) = 0
EIJll! ii' .. ,,.'~ ' l1l " ;~'jg o. 25 Rn Ht' l!ll'f i!JP~ Jf !tf;~ll! ill 3fL J;t;I;'-* i'EJJtz lltr'if l'f!l!.!i'!EIJ
fM\-ll<B'i. llif i'E '" $Jl;J<:at. >t c6. 4. 11 l 'l'!!U!:J!il'f Ll "*~.Iii Ll w:ru l!!!B'i
'ffim~ mt
I
m.,v = 2(lntv
mwn=
r.~ J:Ji;!!l 1'1EEiJ111*,
p,
p,,
p,Q D
1::_.p,Q~"!.
2tn
~ tn
0. 80907),
<
0. 2sR1
Rb+ nRo-4
oil' l!l lliiJ

1 I
(6.
4.13)
111.t;. m~'if
+ 0. 80907)'
-2 (
~f: + In.Ro ...
Ilfl)
(6, 4. 12)
:ili 10 <
!,
0. 25Rb
(6, 4. 14)
~ tn > o. 25RL
(6. 4. 15)
'iJ --11 ilii , 1iJ ll1 ai 11! Ji!. Ell !W !Dl 'I' ii* ~ 'ii: !Ii ill Ji!, fl! '11 B'J 'F J"J lli ~ l1l
>O. 2SRb at &:<91 'W tl'jJ;tfl<'FliJ EK~, lil l!! Bit.Iii~ 'i&B'Jil! R
tn $Jl;i<:,~JPn tv
(6.4. 16)
(6.4.17)
m, -
m11
----m;Q;----
2tn
Rb
(5. 4. 18)
1lf'Jt(6, 4.17)!ij(6, 4, 15Jffil!<,Jllt<6. 4, !8).!i;f(6, 4, 13)1'!1~. 'fit
p11 - Pw1. = lnRv p,QD
l.
1
(6, 4, 19)
= lnRv -
l.
(6, 4, 20)
ml<
mw1
~n/tJn
6. 4 Ill.Ii. '\.7H><ti!iit->ffi.
____
.....c.._-..-~----------~
Jt 'I' P 1ll m, 1"tcl'Pf J:!JJl!!Jl! ffifljill J>I ffifl

~f ill. J'I. ::E !Ii xt 'f Jrr i!1 J!. li: Iii !i!t if>. 1r f!l ( 6.
rn. 4. 1ol:f5!', Rli!J7ri!lll'!!>l'f Ell (6. 4. 9 Ji:!:;I;
4. 1 J.
mvCrn,fv) = O, rD = Ro,tD
271
-----
pg it! J!. !fd'f <6.
>0
4.
BJ 1ll "1 ltfii'fd'f

(6, 4, 21)
2:1" roJ l!!il'E li'l s. 4. 2 i' 9' B g,11'111 , flJ Ill lJL 'll'liLJlliJ!'J!t! :Jri!i:!lt tlJ rJ'J 11'1 Ell 'it cs. 4. 54 l 'l'<ffi lt
JE !It WI #f JJl; 1111'. 1JIJ J>I !E;iJ m.,. ;la
(6. 4. 22)
Ji ({J.)No(fJ~Rv)
Ni (P~)Jo(fJ"Rv) = 0
ff>t, 1Jl PJ Ill 5f.'17'Ji!!Jl!li'Ji!ifb'JJ!il, !'l to>RL at, jijil;t; ( 6. 4. 22) <J'f1,('(tJ11i WJ
ITT lllf ii , 'f li!liHiiJ I!!! 11 ;Iii' PJ "f !lit
(J'J'iil., !'l to< O. 25Rf,
m.,p = -;;-(
lniv /-
Q,
80907) ,
"
m.o ffi,J:(6. 4. 22) ilft/j'
~to< 0. 25Rb
(6.4.231
0. 25.Rb <to <Rb
(6. 4. 24)
~to>
(6.4.25)
Rb
(6,
I!.(
4, 26)
t!;IJ!!il! PJ Ill p' l.li'fU p :lil.li.'l'<Ji<,
=l!l\l:llliillJ'l'l?!'lll'l'i>llitl!illli:l:i xt r J7ri!IJ!. IE ffill'l!i!tll', !!ii-IJl:ff'l l'iil V-' Fo <im 1,.> RL !

PI I'.(~ ftili\llii>ll!llll'.. i!l.li!X~ 'f 5f."17'Ji!!ll;ffi J1H:i1.J'll J>I ffill!!ll! 9' ii'J!lt 1JIJ , :f PJ (ljj 'Y;JIB'le c'lt~#.<
1Jllll'.1JIJ , #f Jil\ofll Ji!!ll; 'I' 11 ffi;iJ ~li! 11'.'ll"''<:ii'i'" t/j 1lil:f!fi "f lfi'f,. ~llil, ;la T '1t1!!1Iffl."'1J!I 11 Fl rJ'J
M'f lt!l!~!IC 9' 111111'.ilf.J, Pf lll-1" 'i J!rlll.J!. lE!E ~Jtll>O!Jt;t;C 6. 4. 25 J ;!!J!l!11lll'l :lfffl.>O! 7K , RPM
5f."17'Ji!!/frffil'Rl1J!.#ffi~~~fil~~
PR - Pw1 = ln rd
PRn
r.,
(6. 4. 21)
it '11 p, iEX:.:;\l'l<#f JJJ ll!!lfr ffitJ ~ 'f'f~a>tli'Jllifl. t1'5f."17'Ji!!~1ll ?rlt!.l'I- ii! ff ;1g p. 1Jli!!ll!
'11 p, 11.tli!l'f Ji!!Jl! M\!(; ff tI p,. Mr YH12J'lllltffi Ji!!lfr 9' t.- P #fli!t% ,p, ~li!l*llPt':!:iJJi!!lfr ff
11'
'it (6. 4. 27) <J'(J'J r' cfl;;!g ;i!f)(j:ijK ilfJ '!''' T~5i5f.tl:!l'l*riU :'I\ j\j ro I!! /ll. B"' 5<'..;i; jf,jJ M
fr!i~J r !k ti< 00 '11 !E~ illl f1i! p~ pCr l "'i p~ p, 7k 'ffB!:Q:#,\Jilf lt 8' (J'Jjl' "'1 {iLI:. f 'i'*!l! 1ell ;ti
Iii iW ~ 11\!>J:A;igJl!! "! ~ "'i lli!> !it ilf.J;lil' ,i: <6. 4. 25 l lB ;t; t;!!JfiiJ 11111'1: c6. 4. 27 l IJf !Ir tllli'; 'I'll'
'"' *f'i't(6.
4. 27)"J(6. 4, 19l~l:t~'
jj)ilf
R
rd
ln---=lnr.,
4
r,.
(6.4.28)
rd= O. 4:72R
(6. 4. 29)
=_ _
!!_1_1_ __
f'._'!!. = _!_(Into -j-- 0. 80907)
(6. 4. 30)
j),Qf)
51 ,\ <6. 4. 27l ffi lt , L>t l!l iiJ1" !lit

In r,,
r,.
'ff Ill ,o' ifrl'tJll llifJ
1..2 (lnt0 + 0. 80907)
;/Tifr;(1Jj! , 5J Jl: (6.
(6. 4, 31)
4. 27) !Ji;fp), iiJ "f Jill.
,.pl_~
p=~ = lnrd
~
p,Qn
mR -
(6.4.32)
r.,
tilw1
=In
rn,Q0
rd
(6. 4. 33)
r.,
ml '1 J !'Hft JI'. IE IE 111% ,1ifi't <6. 4. 2n 51c6. 4. 25 l !!Ht , iiJilf tEitlill
lnR=lnrd
r.,
r,.
(6.4.34)
(6. 4. 35)
J'r
.~. ';tf itl Jll l'!l'~l Ji!!!il 9' c'- r:l ff'1111%' :jj%( ~g iii! 1 r,
tJ; j<)j , jlj ff!;Jilll&. 1F. {E r, ~ O. 472R, tE 9' Jill
ln rd ""'
r.
1
(lntv
2
+ Q, 80907),
25
M.lf 4i'R>t ff'1
r, ~ r, ~l!ff riiJ 7r
< fn < 0. 25Rb.
mlMrff it!Jl'.IE!iitl1J!L '.jj:<!(~i#J'i'il'. r, M. lf#ff>tff'J r,~r.
(6. 4, 36)
~IJ~Jill tn>R~ ~J JEiff'J r,~R.
9' Jill, VJ :jj ;;\'. ( 6. 4, 36) ' M JC[l[!j;:Ji!!Jll, ill om Jill,,~ r, iiiilli Yr' 'l'J tn>25 Dt 'In
tE
I;: I~ i Or>t,
+o. 8D907),
# ll!ilf: ffi i!1r ml Jililil 8'J l!ilJilt IE F :I:#'! "!i" ~lilt i;JJ tE "I: 'if 'EF 9' , 11 lltJ!k-1- lill IE 8'J fill
llir 'EF iP31' Ill; iJ! BitllJ!\' MT-iXl'i'tltl!! '4i'fi'J f' Iii :f J!k'!t'I!:' ml Jilt~lllir~' 1'; lhtf':lt iiJ
"'Jill. fr~ r JI! ,.i: ,
(6. 4, 36)
p'(r,t) =
f
6' 4 . 3
P~i
T:
(p, -
Pw1.)
~e-~''D Jo(b)No(~r.,) - .Vo(~r)Jo(~rw~- ~-f]

JS($r.,) -+- NQ(i!r)
(6. 4. 37)
.n. fl1l ~ I: ~j'dll ~ ilSJ Mil! ~ Mil!
OOi T ;ltfl!ij;:Ji!!Ji! "111!1Jjj:jjJI!.li!!li9'
c'- r:l #PA ?r ,JX!ll.!lj'. ~i!if iWil itJLl'i'1!1'.!J.!(li'<ii'JtillJ!\0
1".!liliil!Hl!!it#, ;J; ili lt'if VJ 2< ;);# f~l!!t,

:>tll!!xll!!lil <!> :EFml!! !llll# ~t 'f "'1i ~tt # . ~ tt m>r fl' ti: 'F wPf ff oo: iih , ill ~lit
'i'Kill'Y, x1, mull! ~tt ilii '.lJ x 111' Jl!!llff'J ffifJ 1iJ ITT "'i llll.CKa "l!'. 19s 9i
273
(6.4 38)
;It 9' ' Ji; I; li'J :!II: 1I $! 6. 3 lie x '

tE 'if )il: Xo ~ 0 j;J;
Tlt!.11
=Iii
(6.1. 39)
t'- r:J jf;(E t, ~ 0 JIJ t~t, 2.fiiJ 1!.i ii!E:ll Q, 'ti"', tE 1, j!IJ t,
?", <E ' ,>IJ ' 2:riJ 1!.I itll:I: Q. 'tr". 11!llH!:JmlilUJI!. mr'll
~F-~W
111, ---- m,,,1 = 111,
2: CQ, ,.. ,
Q,~1
lilJ 1!.I i!tlt Q, '!'

(6. 4. 40)
t,_,)p
)vmv(t -
J::ol:M T 1l'-1' :;!;Jl1' i"':l!::<J'l"<RP 'X''lf-fl'B1 li] ! tl!JldiUll B'J

!'i~IJJt!l. <E!ll n !!tut r'l:'l''lf ,*'If iltr 'tf'ut lliJ 1,. mlJli> !EJJ 'i!Ot B'J il1!l!>J!:
;n,
m.,,,= 1n,Q1,[ mn(tpn
+ AtD)
...Q(Q, .. ,JomD (trn ~

L.J
+ ""QJD
,-1
\/)
(t,-l ) D + =n
L
1] -
o. )
m, (Q~-- ) vm 0 ( =o
(6. 4. 41)
JIJld< 'If n& .roJ :l\l'. ill! B'J nJr'l ,

x1i' i"'ll:i!J:li:ll'ft B'Jti!J!i, Jtl<11! 4. 2 ll't~ Ill 4. 6. 5 111Jf i7f!f i!ff !ltll!L
.1H<;Jlii"'111ff# tr7GM<:klt!lfil 9':/!1"1 [];If ,1'!J~n. *A 1'11 # B. :ltf'l:?l-*IJ Q, ill
Q,. ITTIJ li!!Jl! 9' ff :\It-..\ M CT, y .t) B'J lf1 Eli :iJ fj!itfl: m (p) 11 jt A 1'11 fr B !Yf iiH!; O~iflZ1lJ J!Z jJI , ~p
;It 9' . &
mv("rnYn,tl))= tn,QAD[
~ Ei( - ~~) J
+ m,QDo[ - ~ Ei(- ~;;:1 J

:11;9'
(6. 4. 42)
.r., 1'11"5)-~IJn# M J;1J# A 1'111' B B'!IE~.

il\'i:~!i!J'I'. ~1Jfr1i'- r:J 'if,
oJ )fj !l!ff !f llftltl:iJ;libUi!1~ 'll:l!l\,

VJt 7fl11t!J. llJ!il!l'lJ:lGM<:;l:'!'-illi 9' ff :11!$ r:J 'if VJ &ll!i!' li:mt l:itlJ'I. pg- r:J 'if B'J Iii!' iii
Jt Ji!!"' 9'-r:J '!fi;l!{lt B'J;/f Jllm ~#ill 7"m$ r:J !l!ff 'If B'J JI;"~ ~JJnilff p1;. fflm rs!:!& l:
., [ 21 ClntD + 0. 80907 l - 21 :2
;c,E(
m.,D = m,(,
~1 - 1"d;,1
4:Kt ]
>(,!)
;It 9'. dN Jlk%!! N 1'!1!ff #.lJ ~ Jt eg 11'7!\\.

l: ;Ill;;/[*
ll!~"\ill!~
tE ~"' riiJ lli 9' l::sJ: B'J !&f11& ~WIJL
(6. 4. 43)
fa)[ VJ Tlitlt
tE!il s. 1. 4 Tr 9' ~ f4lli,:J:'f"\. i!l!"\1'11 Ei.!i'i~ilf"\B'J l!lf.L Mr'f 9: liJ ill!'\

'l:il, li!llii 9'JlkJ1i.ifl! "t l*mtiilJ, illi ~tr llt!i'i~ilf "t.il, lf lilat lt!l Iii 9' JlkJ1i.ifl! 9: ii' i>lE iilJ. ill. 1'E 'It
11!1 mii! !R l>$t 1I r !fi:iJ 1Jlfdl!:1zf' 't lit'1i ilt ilf it It !ill: fl! 'I:#: itll: ;/J ll'J ifll Mill~$ r-\111< .Xt i>lE lllJ '! Iill!
-'rF#JJnB'J !lln i*'H:!J llJl~ !Tl --t-'lltffe: lltt'i! if.. ill. W<'ilt ffe:*tt'I lli:iJ <r :'I'. iE"l'i!!. tlllilL
9' , ~ ilf ill ii! !Ii!% !,it'! IKJ!i!l! 'f Bi :iJ
1EI!ll~J1j! 9' . ifft'lit !Ex @:/jl&(i'J .~. l'tJlli. Ill l'ffli t ,g ,o, w jil: ,>f}tiil1!1i' .(;! B'J, "(;\tl, iJiJ
274
6 !\.1*-~i!~i1e
--------------
;/!! , 1Kf~ Jill !till! $1!. fr ftll El'! tt 1!1t ITTti .It lllE il!'. ;\J
IK)
_ J-:.. + K, + r,
11..
11 ' '
,,
(6. 4.14)
.,
(6. 4. 45)
Q,-Q,+Q.+Q,
lilt '1i' .~.El'! :If l&tti!lt1'1:A 'ii: c6. 2. 33) 9' . ii[1'! Jtili1l'Jlll 'f $;/!! iilr iii.Ir~ l'!L
(6. 4. 46)
f'!i( ~B 'FL (1992, J 993>Jti(>;T1f .Jtlll!'l,lf~ !tl'J iill:'lf ?l-1'1i roJ ll!L
*l'!Jf
*
'f'Jttilllli El'!
'!illmtlr.. IE T .:tf 1'i\El'JJt:IUl! l!io!:
33)
i\'d'f ffi l'1 'l!'*lll llf>;l'J'l'tt!ll'.Oli 'iEl'J'f''J mti Ill 4. 5, 4. 6
Ill 5. 6 l'f 9'
"'~Ill 9' 1f
& fl j(o H'J )i!jjll
~e~r.lii/;Vlt
(6. 2.
jj![.
~"
VJ &
xt fill !t ift 14 El'! !JI JIL Jt 'f 'I: Jt-Ol ~ Jlilll ,
iif l'.< Ill l>UE;IJ 1iit JR ill~ 1'ili <Iii Ell !JI Jf> tJJ,'iiT ; Ill p'
1i Ii :f'11 p 1i111 JR II> ilt "' Ell ili a;i!J\' !IL ;!; iiill! '11, ;f jjj xt i!li IE"!. 11<1'11 jf!; IE~ 1$;j)- zu J1t ff lJf "'
Ii ff "t ii c:p 7]( Zf5 :It

1I$1! 6. 2. 5 Ti 9' ~Iii te .Jf 'f i!li IE "'Cf.:. ilifi:.t fl
6. 5. 1
.f'..._
A
Z- .Z,
m(p)
(6.5.1)
f' 2,~dp ~
o ~~
l'Jlff;J!t:51fl'il(6, !. 3liifflf,l!E:IJ m(pl"f!IJ.

m(p) =
Zpz, p
~.
IRT)
2p, M Zp
;Z;
(6. 5. 2)
(6. 5. 3)
it I::>\ 'f'Mili!!illl'f z llil 'f''J11l .!l!l>!!E:IJ m 5f\'l! il!'. p JiltiE ttJ::: :!\. ll'!wiif:ey JIJ.
m(p) ~ 2p,Z( RT) P
, Z''
m; =
. ,
(6.;:i.4 l
~.( !f[.J p,
(6. 5. 5)
ill:'!! itilll!illl 'l' l!X 'f''J fl!EIJJ!ti~ f, tr.I !E:IJ m El'! ltllt1il'il <6. 2. 31 l iif '.ey Jlll;.Jt 'fa! Jl p El'! It
llt:lrl\\. Ill ml!il 1. 3 Ti 9'it:if El'J ~at.\\\ !1('1lll!it: ~Ill <. 4. 3 11' 9' R'J-!lt.lli;;!I; ~atll!! 0!i tti!<
Mlf.llE 1:J 1ii1 If il!lll. 111 'I<.!::. 'f' ml ~at ,1< !I(!'! nc li1I r;11W ill iif!ii Jlll; 1fl'il <4. 1. 2c >- <1. 1. 2s >%
'ii: . Jt :If~ atil llll

(6. 5, 6)
8m .
A- ..........
4K~X
(6.5.7)
275
;JI; 'f . 8m= p,8V J;!;l!lf at!l;J\Ji!:* ill ( !tMIJxt l\lZ r tEj\ 6. 5. 6 '!' iE 'r l!i< ft\"} l fl'J '1; if;il(/i!t !ii:, 8V
Ji!: Ill: if; ji)1 , ,<Ji 111 'it c6. s. al ilJ"'if Jlll.
P= p, Pi 47r'/JX~~ -
r)exp[-
4X(;~ r)J
(6. 5. 8)
!'Ii' ~j\ <a. s. o 3fll cs. s. s) ili~tt'J:;J!\ ,NP=li'l!lf atj!J(Jll!EJJlll

m"""
AtT iti"' JAat r'l~l\f!il;l'IJ
m,
4X(tr~ r)J
"i, 411:/.Xf:- t)exp[ -
flt..,. ITTtl=i '
t=t . .t>\ erl!lt
(6. 5. 9)
(6. 5. 10)
m,i: ca. s. 9) M~ '" fl'l l!lt at ii lii9 ~ lif 111 mit 111 '!'!! 4. 1 M;'IJ iii *f+"" *111: at ill( lii9 ~ Jll'. l'J Ill
Newman Jli; jiQ!il(!l! 1l]' I'~ 4. 2 p)f Jf1J iii jlj. f'l1 :=.!If W: Iii ~liltl!f:Ji: Bi ~ ,
~tr 7./( 'F !Mil% ,Ji 'lit'!!' >t J!i J& ll! Jl. rlJ J1' tt fl'J Ii 'ffl
ilJ'xt '1h!li Jr rlJ !ll'. f1' -:.G:Jll!
z'=::://i,
h' =h/./K
(6.5.Jl)
;JI; 9' .K = K, I KH i! J!<1'f"'f
4. 5 l\"er Ni'! IIll fl'J l!I Fillo l'L. \lL p 0 996a. 1996b) !Jf Ji: T '1;;\1\
'F'IN1i If.I !En!:<ill\ Ill JJlil:Hir if mJIJi ll' Jll!'8' ;; it Jl~ iii' 3fll 11' jijf $ "~ . rlilf 5t M'I xt II! t
'1'*'1 ?t :.iUj( 'f jfU! ff ill !fl:
x'8!:id&Ei .Plj!.1''1<'1' ill 111 'F!f!f*::!l 2L. Jl'iill!'r li!i OlJ ... lrlll: ~ ~ x. = K, 1c~
<cJJ. x= K" 1c~<c>.J. ~il!llll>t <4. s. s>liflf .t r1ll ffi X'1!.:kJ& fl! er iii 1' 'F!tlltatllll fl'J
If.I IE:iJ ;Iii
m,.,c...-,;c;n
fL+(:c-.r,.)+ fL-(x-x.,)l
"11!
er*
m,/'/i
dV[er
= -
~1X(t
er
r)
-;~=~
.....F.~=+
-/4X(t-r)
./4X(t-r)
~I exp [ - 4(y-y.)'Jll[
X(t-r) lh*" 1+2~exp
'"'Xo<t-t))
""""""Ji{
hi
coshcosh
(6.
s. 12)
(6. 5. 13)
~;;!:<6.
s. 12ntiliC fj;lflfltl\iJIR?t ,!f!J:l!:!TJl*tRlitJE

dV
qdt
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(6. 5. 14)
2L
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276
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I ' I
11
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1(
t'D
h1 'K
IL'
(6. 5. 15)
(6. 5.17)
l'El:i!: <j114f (c/ ).(pc /p) JC f'F c, ,1'JUHc f'F I, mfilT'l hit
'
l?tn(.::t'DYDZD ,tn)
,;n:-
(6. 5. 18)
= -4-C1l1
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1
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4X(t.=r5
(6. 5. 19)
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hJ' [ 1
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0 coon1l"ZD
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277
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(6. 5. 22)
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f!'J 11' )"1, ;J: <f, G' Jlll)J., ;J: (4. 5. 17)- ( 4. 5. 20J1Jll/.l1f l'f[.
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Jt 'l<: Jt 'Ft!' fl'! ti' li\:J!UE:fJ mn ( w ,1,),
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f'
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(6. 5, 231
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JJ.
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L 3) "f1lil11ffi1J 1" .Qlt

(6,
z. 25)
m~ Z'(RT)'p'
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(RT)'
A1 p/
(6. 5. 27)
,Z,
111
'
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= 1Z,
llil 1iTl :tE!Elili I,!! 'f z ll't 'f'iJil'lil'Jilif~ T, 111 !E:fJ m fl'! Jtllt1J l!l< s. 2. s1 >:tE f~ lE "'~ 'i'"f J;; .olt*
'f p' il'I Jtl!t1J1!1!, 'fJl.'f' iii 9' iliat.<\\illil'J iEllH~ l!!i"f 1" fl!:
i!p'
Jx2
+ i!p'
p'(x,y)
~ ..!_ 3p'
ayi
(6. 5. 28)
X at '
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t>O
(x,y)-=,
t ~ o
t - O
:(,\\\ M' VJfrf,

:(,\\\ M' oil:,
(6. 5. 29)
(6,
5. 30)
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(J'(x,y,t)
Ill 1.JiA.Jllt* tlH\!ll1"'ttVil 1* am.

7f R1lf "1 illi !JI' I' :!l , mH!I
~pf
(lip)'~
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<' ,y' loll: ,,g,;fj' Ct>p >'Pi,
J:;J:Ji;
278
2~, (Ap)
p(x,y,t) = p, -
2
2
= p1 -
2p,(tB
r)exp[ 1 - 4X(;
r)J
(6. 5. 34)
fli .!::it# '1J l!l i'ltit'l'l!lliiU!!, llJ' !i! tll .l\!&

p,8m
OV
B ~ 2rr ;x ~pl 2rr >x
P'
(5. 5. 35)
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= rl; - rl;
(5. 5. 36)
1!< .~:it< 6. s. 26 l ff! c6. s. 27) {!<] .iE ~*.II i1f illi1'/illHIJ !i(Jli:!Jf!'f
iri(p) = n1, -
m,
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(5. 5. 37)
elf ~JM 111: Bi "\ii!l, ill~tillUl!i !&llJ'1" $:

1
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m,W/=2KX(t
[
r'
r)exp -4X(t
r)
(6. 5. 38)
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'
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(6. 5. 39)
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ptn,Qu 4 11
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(6, 5, 40)
(6. 5. 41)
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=
p,p'ZQ,.T
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6.17)
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(6. 7. 18)
+ DQ,
'i'J Ill !Ii' ;J<::jJi; 1Jf'ilf1l! fii ll!'il!J!l Fili' s f!l l!J!l't liliili. l'l.ll'Jl 'l!r D :fr .WU;!;
2._;s,2._;Qj 2._;s1Q,L_;Q,
s~ ~Qi L;Q,L;Q,
j)
@'ii
N'' ~ Q .... >' S'

Li~ ~'
.'!./
Q! -
(6. 7. 19)
'VQ
~~
(6. '/, 20)
Q,,WQ!
mili ,1'J!ll li;\\>li'!!rt\Ht'iit ll!:frlli at, llJ iEl:lil<lll: lf:Jill! <i\ Jt1e '111!>.
lilHtl g. (ftJ jj( xt 'I'.! ~ .t It! iE , #'> !B Ill ~u 1iU"1 :fr Iii .t jjij Bl 'lit ll! li\'. Jt-11" fi'J K
~j!j if lfell!(ft)!I; JI!'
6. 7. 2
l!ii 1it Jl\ltfl'1!it Hli

f!l S' l'! JI! Iii lilt illi
II:t.J~Slii!iAA!in:#
iii""
!li;IJ 1l\t1 J!'. 'iit ,\Ji; li\'. Jt- llT !;.( 11: i1Ml! :% ii'J 3 if:J 'l!r J!il , .!:J
li\'. o/Hll !!;' !PJ, ,_EE .:IJ Ill! ~i:!l llT :fr ;Jg 1f!
llillll:. 9' Jlillltf!l ~Jllll'L i!!utle) Fil EEP\'dl!if> (ft).jf Jt-'.E.l"BtlilJ t I.~;!; ;J<Jt-1)\t(J( at1ilJ /:.t. EE 1J 19(,!(
1it ll! li\'.Jt 3' J' Ill *Ill !Eli!!Jl!fi'Jjjlc~$, .~.'ill 11' E'il 'f S' !;.( !l.lll YHtli: fill" 'f i!J"\~EE:IJ ~. 1f!
Jl'l Ill: EE ;IJ illi ti< -!'I: 'II' li1i ;J; iii. f!l 'ill ll' 3'i:l.il!' a~ ii !lif Ill !1'11< Hli ~J!l -ltit! ii:fr Iii TilJ 1r !B '1' Jiil llt f!l
~ Jllllll:(ft) EE:IJ :fr Iii, 4' Jl!lllt ~f ;JC~ f\; Ill 'ii Ill: 3'J'1'rlll Hom" Iii. ~Jl!llltnP 'If fl! i!Il'H\; IN ll'r liii .
\lf Jll MBH :li'l'!'Jt!f'ij}lfi.
'P It! fill: !E :IJ ~ 11: lJ: 'If lie)< Jt- ut ~J CDP :E. !'" at lilJ >;lg t, . /:.t Ji!<)< Jt- !;.( Fo !Pi lit iilJ , !!! J\il lfl
4. 6. :l 11' Jjfi. ii'f Ri rt ( 6. 7. 2Hl1Ji1J1>\t1:!!:1.'fl:!ll iJFlllHllJJli. flZ 'illffi jg
Q,TI
m, - rn,,,, - O. 01466 Kh g
0 /:.t t:.l
(6. 7, 21)
,_ 9'. m.,,iJE iii J< 'II' rif Jt JI< iii, ii!Jlf.I EE;IJ Jl J'f, :fli >':: C6. 7. 2>Ill 'f t= t,, ITTIJ14'
rn, -
1nwi(tp)
= O. 01466
~[( lgtp
+lg
~.~r! + 0. 9077 + 0. 8686.S'')
(6, 7. 22)
l:i!!f >\iil lliii!tl' HHEJJ 1>\t(J((ft) ll ~l.'x'::,

in,., -
( ) --
1n,.1 lp
0.
0146~
Q.,'I'l'
K +
K' Ig 1 1,1:.t
+ A.+ lg 'l'fttl,r"
~
n
p
.:..ll.
0, 9077
+ 0. 8686.._l"I,
(6. 7. 23)
J,1; jl!a)j :(!' m.,,Xj lg [l:.t/ (t, + l:.t)] l'!l;
lg [1,1:.t/ (t, +i:.t)] fi'J 9" lJ\ illi !;! 1f ~.if. ~ll! , Jt ffif i'<E j)ji 11!
.ql. iftlli'J T :'.!l tg= 0. 01466Q.,7' I Kh (MPa' /mPa s/X~'l'.ijilj 11/l),
Ill !1ii l~ .t 0fl:, it!' ti EE:IJ!'!ti:l 'iit i!\:frlli ifl:li'li:$ l!HmT,

I > :fl! J< Jt il!Hl! fi'J ffi 1J !'!ti,!( 'l!r Ii :tE >iii Ii> 41 lli litJ T :tE '!' x& 'l!r "121$ 00 .t lit litJ hit m,, [t ,1:.t I Ct,+ 1:.t l l J< Jl H1i !;! il\iili li:i;l!ll!ifl ffef'i' tg ii!. 'f Jlrill
lg
289
( 6. 7. 24
htg
2) t1i:!;J<Wt;ll;R'E 1': !JU:: i* f.U ,u- lh

( 6. 7. 23) iif '!iJ , "' I,>,>,U
o. 01466Q.T
R1B'JlflEE.1J11![ m,,,. io ""' -
m,., - m,,(t,) ,
El r!l JJ:
fl11f ,g, 1':&'. f!l 'f;!)
I"""
,,c - 1. 151 -
tgo
r, =
t:::.m,
- l g ,.-c
K
't'.c,r;,
o. 9077 1
(6.7.251
'Kt 11,12
3. 795( .p,:,
(6. 7. 26)
o. 8686tga- S'
(6. 1. 21)
FE - :;:.m_'~=.......:=
(6. 7. 28)
Qr= Q,,/FE
(6. 7. 29)
m - mwf
;II; 'I' , m :!J >flJ Ill !9\.!! illl !;I< fl9 J!UlellL9rllt'llJ11H1'l jji ;\! 1. ifiltJ![~ <>t I <i, + <>t l - 1 li:i;J< 1:.PJi i~
fl9lilEE1Jti!Jii{1!, clf~J!:nl<l'rlll!Bi1J p' t!!1Ji>!1!Jltll. il:1-l'rllli!H EE 1J m' iif iA ;\Jllt!!d11lfil W
iilJt)EEiJ m,,
;&i!i' 11' i"iIi:1$( J( !ii: jj>, ITT~ iif i{f S' !t ;\! 15 ll!< "'Bi' llil T' S i'll 'lllt 1'iml iliLfi! BL '!\ 'li1 D i"i llll !t ,
'l!llllill""fF !ll 91J~l!: iii:~ ~ lll il'ill!fMl'J
'"(!Ill, ;I; Imm;\! A, ~ 'J); 'r EE:i:J (19 ID OjoJ
l'c 'J3.' :/l JGmil'1'!11.~ :<t EE;IJ (19 I'~ ';\! T lilf 'l'l:EE1J!9\Jl ii\:11' iif l\;"l f.U EE.1J ~Iii J ol'<J!\JJ:.
!lt\J3Jilll'1:~ ]O!li ti: JlifJ iYi;l 0JJ:, tE SI J1!. fiL i!IJ'f, !f!ffi:i:J r4\I/} iif "l J1I;
m; -
"'J'!
mwt -- m, Q0 [ 1 (l ntD
+ O. 80907 ) - 21 _~
f,E.(l - 'i.,,d,)
Kt , J
4
(6. 7. 30)
;i;"'
,
8'J
!!l'li1~;1i1i!ll.JtJ1 D'J r" <Eil'J EE~, dN
;liliJ!l N
1'li!1'clf~'I ll<11' B'l ie Jll,
!!! fffi:"l: oo m A n:x
5t: :Ill: !fil 111 l'l ::;i

(6.7.31)
(6. 7. 32)
(6. 7, 33)
1n; -
111w1=
0. 366 p.Q,T[l
KhT
gt
"
+ 2.4"'"'
3025 -
+ lg -;:---r
K
+ O. 351
.,,,c1r,.
F
2. 3025
+ o. 869s]
(6. 1. 34)
290
(6. 7. 35)
rn
m,.;
] (' 4.4tDA )
1
rn,Qn
= zln 1. 781r~. = z<lntci - 0. 80907)
1%st (6, 7. 36) Ej ( 6. 4. 4) t te PJ i!fl , R'lf.1% ( 6. 4. 4) '1' m;
jj',"'
m.
(6. 7. 36)
ifJ ill"' ( 6. 7. 35) ' iii lit OJ u Ill
1151: c6. 7. 35 l Jilf JiUO'J m 80:1!: >!.. 'E 'lk~'F J:tt:lil 'll J'l. lt!\ll!B'J ifJt!UJIJJ it!' Jlfffi!IU IEJJ:l:
r ~p;ji (!(] 'FiJlt!\ll! !liJ1
>Iii Jt c6. 1. 35 l Jgtt ffl lt!\Jl\HE[lij\0Jt <6. 4. 18) ffl !,II;. 'If !I' :!!!OJ >I:< 6. 7. 3 D , ;Jm
1n
7!/p
m,
Q;;,2
F
(6.7.37)
A flllE F >); "7 MBF 3C l:!FJ!E}J fl 'tt, 'If B 'Ill Jj( lit 1'\, if< lit !ihlilll T 4'r #JE';[J(B'J >f l'lllilm , <JAi.
[l]ll\ 57 iil'.J
Jl1! 1'E Ji!J il:!k ll<'lill J'i:~ J'i'lt!\Jlt{l'J IEJJ*;lL 1%'1': cs. 7. 34Jtit11! 4. 6. 3 1'J' Nf i1fit;;i1rfr1!: ha .
1ff 1~Hr ~If.( EE JJ * ;!( 0 l't
+ + 2.41l'tn..i
3025
p"Q"T[ 1 t,
&
g
At
o. 366 Kh'I',.,
tn, - " 1"''=
(6. 7. 38)
- 2. 3102SCFI,,.,+.:.. - Fl,:.,)]
21; r,:t>&
it,FJ.=O,FJ,,,.~FJ,,,
in
'
~m
'"'
'fJil'1:(6. 7. 38Jlffi!C>1Ji\t
= O. 366 p,,Q"'I'[1 te +At+ 4trtnA KhT,, g

At
2. 3025
FI,,
2. 3025 _,
(6. 7. 39)
" .
ll!llrr 1Jc0 lll#f :fi J'l. lt!\ll! !lin *;!( (!(J:tflt;:tll iv \1!11 ~a !fl~ r,
1l 1% 1t ~ '!);ill EE 1J 'tt l1rr 1'E 'I" <f 'tt :lit jij; 00 .!: lit il<J !ill; m.., -lg [ ct, +& l I & ] ill! !!( , 'E :ff~ 1i:
'11H:I! ,w; wl!:!l<<J! (!(J#Jf'i< '"" ..mm;
K = O. 366
2J 1%ii:<li:i&l!!l':#"J(r,+&Ji&~1
f'"' fl1'
Q
tg
'"
(6. 7. 40)
!'Jli:i'J<l!l3(,3(,1'1:{l'J!!\61'.l>Fi.11g m', #fl't
C6. 7. 39 JIll 'f' Ct, +ru l I &-1. llJ11!

(6. 7, 41)
m ~ mR =
( 4mnA )
z. tga
3025
(6. 7. 42)
tga ''J
2. 3025i 't
(6. '/, 43)
i>Jij ;till ill< 1ff Jl\ii1! J'l. lt!\Jl!'F Jjjf)ffiiJ

_
mp -
, _
1' !iill"'lltfol l!4't!Hlti!i1ltt ffl {l'J 1!:!11<"1 J'l.Ut. Jli}J l9':!!: illl !& ill J'!! l::l!ll .JldN$1' tga,
!~ li:!l<~ J.J ~1$1' tga, (!(] li:!l<, tE 'i"M'tt'l'. lif. lfl J: i1' tt: '":if!!< Jl'.#. ?Jf M!Y.{l'J 1111\iJill &,, "T >~
1t1''1: Jt . ;i; ilt-J< ii! l'i' {l'J ie J!ti it !iii lll'li' & il<J r 1'
6. 7. 3
IKw)"'
!. 422 -,-
<6.7.44l
.,,,c,
l!i~lli~~!Jl(fit.J
5. 4. 3 11' ~0~il:! ir'J :Iii.!: 1lf NXf lti !Eil :$l<lfi1'J( ;t il\l $'!'f tf !If !i!!ll! fl'J 'f J,\JIV)):E 11
m,, ll;~ l:' 31: :lt!flll1l!EJJ fl'J !Eil'l liil 111 mF.11! ( 6. 4. 7)- ( 6. 4, 10) !t 1ll 'il'J Ill lll i!lf !irl!1i~lii'*
i'f Ill iii 3'1 fff li!!ll\! .P .C>- '1 '1!'1\!1Jiif!ft f< ~['ii) 5f. :lt!fllltl !E f] ;t;/ff mn (r,.s) , jj(jf! 5. 4. 1 11';1)
i!'J !II 'ill!
. .r; M( .r;)
m (r ,s) =
D
u
si N( ,/$)
)a;'!' .s J11ftiflftJl1i~:I: .M<
M(
fiJtti N ( ./7)Jl'~~;IJ
K 1 (Rn ./S)[~(rv
/$) =
(6.7.45)
,/S)
+ l 1 (Ro
J$)K 0 (rn
N(./S) =li(Rv ./s)K1(/S) -K 1 (Rn /?)J 1 ( f i )
.ia;li jj; fl'1 11; !1!1111WJ 1!I! 5! r'iiJ

mp(r 0 ,t0 ) =
x.:11 mm IE JJ ll'*' ;i,
2tv
-R1
fJ
+ ln llo
rv
./S)
(6. 7. 46)
(6. 7. 47)
3
- 4
f; e--!nJr(Rna~)[N1 <a~)J~(rDa.) -
tr
n~1
J 1 (,,)N~(r 0 a,,)]
an[Jr(Rva,.) - Jf(an)J
(G. 7 48 )
(6. 7. 49)
(6. 7, 50)
(6. 7. 51)
(6. '/. 52)
J!1l:l\trJii!f'!ii'l\<6. 7. 50) :IJ'Jli"j-'f' fl'J :It, Ii\ Fol!\:lli:ll! 5. I
l\'Ji! 4 ff Iii. ill:lli!i!, j'f1WJ .!!! ~['ti) 31:
:It !fl) 'f ;t;/ Ii!! /l!JU !E)J mn,C t n) ;I]

(6. 7. 53)
(6.7.54)
292
2p,,Q,,T
=m1
R'h""1' 1r, 'I' ~ t

tr
(6.7.55)
r!J J:Jl: jjJ ll' ie Bi.fl ~ iif i11ll 'I' ff '.ll n1 ~1 (1'J 'f l!j Jill n! !f i:J '!!; llf 1: , J:Jl: ll!<Fo ~<Ji 'I! if, !II: 1'lllln!
'F !!j ~ 11< B'J !bl ff fJ
l'.E*Jf ffii:J'f:91Jl'.i:!l!il'I'. '1'f B1!ll*Jf Uj"l;J t, jf ffllj!l ffi}J m_, 1"1 at B t;lJ .~.'I;&: C'lr S'. m~
m,.,(tl>) = m; - m,Qo[mv(ro = l1ln = t 10 )
+ S']
(6.7.56)
i<f,J:(6. 7. 55)'!' In Jll!lllt t,o,i(!\fci'l'i0~,J:(6. 7. 56lf4

mR(t1,)= mw.(tf)
= m..,(tp)
+ m,Qn[ mo(l,tpo)
+ mRn[m,B + S']
;t;I; ~ ,rn,B=n10( l .tpri)- 2tD/ Rho IE J:\(6. 7 43)Jl'{
ro= 1
ffl
~J: + S' J
(6. 7. 57)
tn=lpo ~?,:fl!J.ll m,B:;Jg
(6. 7. 581
J:Jl:PJi'1!1ltB'J m,,f1ljjJ r!J 'ii! 5. 2 J!f 14, fil!!ll llt"I VJ !iii fl!.
'k~lt'.l!='F~Jmn!l!lffii:J m,<1,J8'Jlfiill!lmT,
ll I'll >EFn-tf'l t, fll r'J l'r'i"~ r.,, R. '.JI: Ii; t '"'~Kt ,N,c,R' 1'11 Rn.
2> Ell'!!< 5. 2 J!tt!J m,,f1l<!P'il!'I' p,,f1!1.
3) Eil*Jfutl8H!Hll8'1Jflli:ffii:J p.,(t,J!li:ll! 6. 2. 3 '1'i'l'IJii711!1l9!ll'lllt*'lt:l1'JffifJ m,,
Ct,l .}Hlili\'lt~"1ilJt14.lt'll>:&:F!l 7" S'.
O
i<f J:i m., (t, l m,,1'11 S' l1l f':All: <6, 7. 57 1 , ll!<Fo1ll*Jf ut~1J !li:l*!lFF!!J li'J"l:ll<Elii:J
(6. 7. 59)
it 'I', *< f!'lhf.Jl:Ji;tE SI 'I' fl!ib<J TllEil< ti: l!EB'J, tE*Jf ~j liillllfil -*litAf 9rJ'f t flli:lit5cl9!. iJ.:lcl
Jf I;( Iii if fol Bt l81 li'J 't'Y lmn! Wffi :iJ 1;.jlj';it'']\' It ,
6. 7, 4
"\#~mlttiit:lt
"\ JF B'l l!l f-tli\ JF 1 1111!i ill! ~m it,,. im 'It B'J :kw oJ:iirl ffi 'f II! mffii:I "'if, (1'J !11< Jt x JI!: mJJ
1liL!l: itJE -~{'!',, iJli jf Ill ffi}J'l;;f, B'J 'IC :lit!i'l:ff Ii & :14; IE m.l'd'f J!l >l:l!i l'1 ~ ilii X~r"t 'lt"':b<J
IB B'J m.,ll: it'l<"'1X'f 1,/C, fl'J 1!!l 00
iill'lt!Wi!i (1'J p'"ll:it'1<"'1xt to!C, (!'Jl!I! i00 li!ilt~ t0
li1I , itftf! j)j :le! '"'"'. M' Ll "\'It'll' lli:lb!Bi.JJ B'J 1111!i ill! ~JI'.( it ilit)i; tEll! 5. 6 '1'i ?!ii B'J Gcingarton
!!I lli!JX Gringarten Bomdct !!I l!i'J:J!tfi, l!if li'J 13'.~~:l!llo "\Jt <f'J!'f ~i!!I B'J if JI!! ffi}J ill! ~19!
J!: lllt if Jl!!Wff JJ 111!'11<,
t.l t fl!il :k 1m JR 'I''\ Jf :faJ @J , lll!1tli\ Jf mfll El'J 71~ fll !V !JJW Im T ,
l ) 1'"\Jf '!!; ~~ B'J 11' JI!! ffi }J ~!If!ti: !11:1!! 11119! J!: !i<ib<J lllt l!()Ji }J lk it 'I< f!X:t Bt illJ il'J le-* illl ~
x:t'f Elii:J ~tiff!Jll ,!!t;llt !!vn~t 1'11(dm/dt11-1 (1'J *-* illl ~,it 'I' , l>m=-m, -m.,, ~ r ffi.7Jil1
;l ff! JI', lil:;li!t l!vn-AJ 1'11 (dm/ dAt) [ (t, +At) I AJ ] - At 8'J)e ~ill!~ , jt 'I' , D.tn-m, -m,.,
2) ! J:lt 'll;i!'!Jf!l!f ill! ~"ill! if':OO l:!ill1'filf.( it , 1'il'lJ 11! ittt~ C,e''' !1l.
3J tE !;F lllill! fJ'1 :b<IF , Jili i't J!l Bi JJ Witf1l iii IB lllH~$
Iii,,.
''
~*an~~ant~*
K =
'*
293
Ip.,I
Q,T
78. 55h bi:m
(6.7.60)
,\f
it .p . p,,,Ji!Jm ;e l!l li!ii .t rr.i 1111 ?Gt'fll!Eil 'rf"'t'lf '8 :;t;"'J:Ji!!ftll!i ?G:ii:il'Jl!l !En ,
4 i 1'E1'F llE ~ il'L ifilJ T illiu at l'iiJ
Ill 'If !>I! 11!"'11'
mit'*
(6.7.6)
CD=~~
21r '/C,hr!
5)
(6.7.62)
ill mif t!J li'J CDe'' fll cD fl[frJi!j .i<. <l!Jll t!J f
S'
C "
l_ln~
2
Cn
(6. 7. 63)
' Jili:t j!!j V.:lil:'lf. !ll 'l'llll li'Jlllt :I: 'fl!i j!!j1<f I"! li'J s flt. i
S'i """'S
+ DQ1,S'2 =
S +DQ~
ill Jit "f :f%fSli!<l!Jll 11iJ f S flii11tttli#lllt'J!<!!C!i 'II' D 1t /t!.

llll et. trm itu1"< <fl !'\'.ill"' HJ xttta!i<ID!li'JMl.\\\ iJ\'liti;li; ll::ltllll! im~ HJ llil<ID!.
~oo~m~~il'J~~~i'll!IEf;j:il'Jl!l!IE, l1l~~9'~~~~~~ntt~l'fr~il'J~ffl
!frm.
*iitl1'
l'illlt p;;"" mJ: !IE J;j:<E
i3'l'i' 11.#1' "'1 il'J !IE
flll!In, 1L
"'ll'i'.J: iillfi!lll 9' il'J :rL

I!!:( IVf .~dlo
i;j:,
l!ij( il'J -l!ll?t fll litl c'f !l'f. iliLJtt': lill?l- Eli 7Kl\I: <fO l"\
Jl '5 WL l!\tli 9' Jli 111~l'f:k!ll: il'Jtlf1!114\. l!l Ji!!lll !E:IJ llil?JJ !!!iill !E.fJ mrat, ll'f Jll"\!it4t?t ill/; tlJ
*, Jfi ;t jJli,"' J!'j i'lll!l!IE, {ffl "\!!Ii 11-i iill"' 9'i!UiHm Jt. lll!!lli!! IB: !117./(A i:l!~tr Ji!! riliil'Jfl1'1<11'
9' 4' w!!iliiltJKTO i!"7J< or mimil'J il'i til!l!IE. <Eit7KJF ttii!'l 9'. 4tffi lilt i'!ll. J!lii'lllilcim:. ililtt.:::1x
!fHill ii !'19' , rtJ iill IR It A= 1!l It l!I( l\I: lll"ilW <Jm !ll! P-1 i1\Hl\J!IO l1'f ii< , I;( & It Ill: l'I <!' , 4t %lilt J!'i i'll
ill, ilB , "\ 7j( ~ i'll llii !IE iZ: iJ! Jl T il'i #lill' 1* 'ill iii ff'J ili: ill I'll l!i!TO $' i'll 1'1 lit lill l'! il'J Jli:'!i! ii
7j( :t ':!<TO ~ ' iiOit ffl il'J -1' ;f il!Ji!JlJfi~ 1e!!! TO !IE iilJ ll'Z '!" !!!"1 !IE ii!J t: J!Hi\l '.!l' lill?l-JL
lll'1JI 'i' "\ .!i !l'i ilif llilJl-J1, l!i:(lit 7)( c'f JI! il'J 4': , 7)< l'i i'll !IE iilJ , R Ji!# 'lit \m it ll!i1 iJt 'i' "\ ~ 'i'-Ji! ;f '91 il'J
l!U:!\ ;J;Jt 1r!J!t9'jl).jill J\l:;l; ill!IE i;j: IDl Bti'l'1'.'1cl'f l!'ili! tt, Y' i. l'!Jl: tE ~ i. till Ill r 41 ill !IE i;j:
il'J !IEl'l'ie'Jl ro iltffl OJe 1 lifi !;( r ~1'i'tillJB,
-#tillifi Ji!$ JL 1r!l!t 9' R ft 'Ii' J.':lt il'J IDl ! 7K li%\'7K ii 1ltJ1' 1' ffiE iill il'J 1ffi 1'.Elt 9' 'ii iill il'J iJli
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7. 2. 2
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tE Iii ftl1 fl! .P ,ft iii! .P fOllJl # 115 ft llilllL il\: l'i' ileii;t'i>: !lit J:;l\lc tli Ill!1'il:{ 7}; .P Oi ;!!; lllilL IE
JI: i' iii! Ill: >~ F , It 00 9' ;!!; ii' Ill 11'1 ill> Efi %)( f Ji!! f:i! fL IJ!( .P IJit li' 01 Efi :IJ , f Jldil< il' Ill lit A .t fL l\'
E , 1;;1at1t ft'!! J. m!R - !iHli .,!;!~ JJ m!If, l'E'itft l11i!i! 9' , JlD l<'ll'ff.:tKilil v1 t!tnlf!lH11 """'
l<'ll'if\ ~:it t <!'.! f~ 11'1 ti! at ilif i*l@! *'1'.;f!; i'l-ll! 1'E .t l'L :Ir !ilt .P Oi ~l1lH!\-!l<:!lt ~ iJ '1J Jll ilif liiJ llil . .ff
trz 11'1 "1 Ill ~i;i:, ftil!f l'.i 'li IK IJ'>:k 1J,Jl:E i!IJ lf :it 9' AffJ!iJf 9'; L' FIJ r'l !\li,
IE ft~.'< ilif JG JUtB'Jillj t#Vl~$JlB'J, 'T t!lii! FIJ , 't fil1~1\!S llt!E!llr. J1;Jt !itf!!'tll /!till$~<
~'f 'C: if JIJf "f Oi ff :IJ 1'11 If.
f!l 1'E M 00 (:j: Jl@l il!L Oi IJt!lHJ: 1i!i! ii!'H 'Ill 'I' ll'i 3 , fill ilt"' ii' Ill Jl:J$/ OJ il'J , .Ii; ~. f:I: II\ F !lc 00 i* lllPi
Ill itll\ F, 'Jii!' li'i*IR F, 1'11 , m1J llll f:I:~ r1i ll'> f:l:!R7}'1!1, IP ilif lf,!;f 1'J:IJ'>7}flit Ji I. 'h
V',
f ' .... V, +V.,

.
f,.=1{~ iJlj l1 !l! .p ' llll itIll! ti:
V'.
=1.r~-+-,l.,
(7,2.19)
mIR{ Jtl! },;:fr J;'t ll'q TL~ .p ' ii< ~j !$!If (Ii Jli itm& { t!l ill: :Ir!I\ il'J Pr ',Ji i!j
J:C'itillr'!li!'.l:l.
1l1! l1i if? 111 , 'Ill 111 R :!fr J!i llll (:j: !lm ill:-iE:!i!!
(7, 2. 18)
mJIJ llll:Ir!iltn ~ i'it;JiR , mI *'!--iE*F M'Ii' mI J:mfn
f1'1ililllfIJIJIJii\"1' if, ifl: Jf il\ 1 1J r. 15 'li I* Jlii ('1J \'it i!l) il'J 'f611J r,. I i'J 'li IJ J!t
- r. 811~] dt Ri'iLll\IJJ!tlj!Jll.;!J dr" .';:1f!l!(7. 2. lOl#'.;f\:l,J!)!!lliJJ'fjjjffli1J'!l!OJ'.OJJJ!t
&~ r.
E,;,J'.(7. 2.
(7. 2. 20)
r,(t) = 0
Ji'(r,t) = r -
13l~M.ftfll1li
(i.2.21)
:It 9' . v Jild-l! fliJ !'!!I!.#- iE illJ l!! ilL J1 Till' till~ ill'. v li<J ll!l5Jl: .1' )iii 5Jtil i!'i CL!Hit !'! 1'!I iJI! 1lt :fr
J'fllL
~ill fl J'i-l!!JJl'Jtl!Jl! , 7r'i'fl! :h R. 7rli! J'i- r-R "1:liiH\f lli;IJ p- p, :f''(l' Ot '10'1'!:kltl!Af 'T iP
!I;<~ 1i<J "1:1!J! J ltl!ll! ff! i71fflll! 1i<J ~ i!I $ Jt *tl jig K ff! K, 'f :11\ ltli it Jr< ill[ <iJ it-l!il ii<J 7'r l.ilffl iE i! l'<
ft'.!ii'lli!rnf,
if' P1
ar 2
il'p~
a, 2
ap,
o.
r.,, <:::: r
r,
(7, 2, 22)
+ _!_ ap2 = o.
r,;:;:;; r
<R
(7.2.23)
dr
r ar
P1 = p.,,
tfr=rw.it
(7.2.24)
Pt = p,,
p, = P1
1'r-R,IC
(7.2.25)
1' r - r, ,It
(7. 2. 26)
1'r - r, !'1'
(7. 2. 27)
:it 'I'."' ff! !t*tl jlgiti1lll'ffl l!i iill li<J :f'li Ill'.. lll J'f l.il u. 2. 22' jJ 5t './fi ;lg
o. 2. zn 'Ii l1i ilill lil liH! li<J Bi
K, Jp 1
K Jp
,a;=iff'
=_
p1 (r) = p., ---- _________p_'!'___ p_._ ________ ln C'!'_

'1
''
n-Mln--R
r.
J~,=
m
p,,,-p,
.l
Ml''
In' ' r
R
r,
n~
(7. 2. 28)
(7. 2. 29)
(7. 2. 30)
'11Alllltf :!li'J ll!Jt5l'. l!l Fo l!\ llJ'f ~J lilf !i: J'i-llii 111ft/!1! 9' ttl!i!! l1'J J!!OC drJ dt - v, iJ. :h lill {l!; lfl1i
:!11'111 ill'lii' l1'J !!! \\\Ji IJ!' 'llll!l! v. (11;1 Xi! oo tt1! i!!~I r, j(/; f>lJ {l!;l!li Ill U. 9P i71ffl l' ll<' Jf l1t lill {l!;l!li llt: 1'
1U!Ce j'il] 'l'vtffl!'i li<J fL ll!i(jj(:J;;" J!:@: i;f<:jf ;@;j'jllil: iPlli :l>t !jl('lf Fo .1{, llllCi! rJ~l)("' 1!! li<J1*lR
Jt fl :h ;, ~ !lii1*'1 ill: r'i J!l! li<J f*fg Jt:mr1'J I -;, *:lt tit ltl! Jl! li<J 'fL ll!i(!!( 1'J., ffl ~l li!l 1*lfl1i i!l!ii!iit !'J
:fj ~ lt llii ;fl'.! :h
A, - 2m",h ;n
- ;, )
(7. 2. 31)
1'.>
(7. 2. 32)
llii fill l*lllii!l!!'J 1*;fl'.!!ltlit jig Qf.. 'f :li\l!lii!l!Jiill'

v ~
!>\<7.
Qf,
2"",h ;o
z. 30) fflll!ii\!'J int lit Q f:A.t'i\NPl!!
306
~~-*~aMI-
...........................................1
(7. 2. 33)
>!: <1. 2. 33 Jm:>F1JiJi'.llHlo;t 01!i;mJH~ 11! l.

iJ;t t ~ 0 at, J'j. illi i!i: lit r, - r., M'il: (7. 2. 33) !JHt!fr I!:
t=
,(1
~,)
K,(p" - p,)],."
[r(J_r;ln
_l_r1 +l.)
2 r! rw
4 r;,
4,
MR~( ~
;tln Jz l ~~2
<p. - p,)f,Kt
tn = (1
,)r;
w =
(1
f. ~\in~ + 1 k~)]
..
(1 -
f,lw(p. - p,)Kt
f,
f.J(l
z. 34)
(7. 2. 35)
,u:r;
(7.
(7. 2. 36)
f,)
(7. 2. 37)
)l;lft'il! a)j , w 8'J f1i:(E I. 0-1. 5 :<: f'l , !l!!El!!l!l:k ffij~;J', ii! Jltlif)j[ w~ I. 2, :(Ej\ ( 7. 2. 37) cp)j[
r./R ~ 10 '. 'lJ ;f IG] B'Jlift!i' It M \I!, tf'jl: tf1 r, (t) / r. lf In B'J~~ ill! !J!im l!l 7. 9 Jllff<, fl! Ill 7. 9
lif Ll'!i l!i ,<Elii\ iilllllt!i' KI ifi!I !El!!l''.il:B'Jiltrlll:T, lift!!U~ M ~ <K.I .JI <KI) 8'J {l[lil!J>. Jl. ilii
'!'fl r, fil!Rtl\!Jl!l:k1lifl!l:o\:1!1~'1JI,
If.?' cp @'ffl ill 7. 9 ~~'If j'i' f!i Jl;IJ!lt Rt, iA1J:li!ll! & iJft iil!J!!<l\'!:;.K I I' f, & (p. - p,) 'l;'ii;
B ~I B'J Ji!Z.'!\' J!l ill~ill:B'J, '51 r w t!l.Jil: B ~I li'J , j!! llitiil,Jf<llillltli'Jlilt!i' K./ . Jil:;Ki(j] li'J .K It K !j'
ll> $:. il:ll.!if m11f ;?l('lltiiJ1!rr!M ~.
7. 2. 3
~ !jl\! ilii 851 ~ lE ff illl llO ff ll1l iii
<Eiltri!llj!lj 1J 1'E!f Wf 'IEB'J!l!<:'li;tl!il ct< , Jt 11'!~ iii; Jl.ill Jlb'tll'li'J i!li ilii. xl'f 'I' ill "f 1Tlilt iilJJil: 'I'
ill.M'f"fi!ll~~Vltiillii1:~ttill.il:~~ii1:~~m~.ilif!l'f$nfr~~lif~ii1:%~Jt~B'J.
1'Hm. fr~ cpJil;-,\\( {~l1jl,B'J~i1Ht ltl!l ll!I B:ill.ff. RP >J< ,\\(~iii$ K i1i:k'f l!l ll!I Jz:l1jl,B'J{1(. mv ~
3'I' oo ill iilJ ~J """ 1'!11.at. ai 'fil:!tl iJft1* lilt jjl;~t;ti. ilif "lit illJJ\l iii <Em" ~i"'t -1'" 'i! "". m
ff J'l');iilJ Jl. i!ll tJJ< .'< :l! l'IJ - 1' wvJ 8'J tt iilJ l2.:!tloll! lilf 'it 8'J ""l!li~ <E tt z. rt T l2.:1-tt iii! >!*!fl
ill lll 1\: , RP 'i! .\\\ >!*il!'-!.11 'i! l!i 1 il: ~Jil: J'I. jjjj 8'J l~.!i! tt I'~ l!li . -l'l'iE iii! tE ;,\': ~J i!I: 1J, 8<J tt iii! VJ @flli
f!fl111at rm l!l:k w:1!!111'. mv li'Fmiil!l!Jil:lil ~ 8'J. ii:<: ill'1'Siil; :!!~Ji!!: 1J,li'Jt1tiill cii:f'i'tJCjjl;Ji,'f "f ii!!
Je li'J J ~!Iii , mtltiillflfl~r 1\!J l!l:kilif !ii t<:. mv llF>*i;iSiilJ Jil::t:ll!:~D'l.
!l1 Jlt, ~ ffl'lf :f;"f illi"f 1Tilif Mcp :IE Rt 1"J t. 1!1 M ~F lf.-1''1.! .<\\ 't ltl!l ll!I iE 1it)'I. iii$ f~
l!i-1"1!' ~ ', ill:~ tEliltlilJ 'f'ifili l!i -1"jiJ;I;',<\( M li'JiJft'!i', reJJ<iJft 'Ii' '!ifl'-1'$Jffl 8'J *!It:, fiJJ&I
*'
1.2 $~-~~&
301
tEltilll: '\!' JliJ 1'11'i"llllJ :!J 'l'i'f !ill i.J lili'!l' oliiJl'lW. ilif ll!J!l::lrl1!<7. 1. 1s) xt'f :f1'1
ft'"' .\\\jfj! fil.1l"9' \\\
Ill 7. 9 ill lllf 'i'lli# ill!ll'illil. iii f!!Jlli'lll!.
i.J !Iii 'If ,:$-} ~1J il! lll 1'91Ll(: Ji\ 3!: ,
d<
a; -
K, (p, - p.)
f,&.[ML + Cl M)i']
(1. 2. 38)
dt<+<)
K,<p,-p.1
dt
- 1>,&.[ML + (1 - M)(< +el]
(7.2.39)
:Jl! !;( .ti!'i l'\ ;jjJ ~ ilJl!;
~:- Ki.~:) [ML-+cf='M)(e + ) - K.<j,.:

p.) ML
11
'
' '
t
..
(i
MJll
...
[I -
1+
ML+
(i -
(1 -
(11- M)e
ML+ (1 - M)"/;
iJt <<, ~ .tll:::lr'lli'l' 'i' 1.J:l:ll!Jit'.lll;'<'IJ(, :!tiUlf i e' 1'. illiflJI" 1Jvlt, !fl :!J
d<
K,<p, - p.)
dt - 1>,&.[ML +
M1e]
M)e]' (1 - M)<
(1. 2. 40)
<7.
z. 4ll
W.t3!: 1'J !;( t' Ill , i'EiJIJW. llif t,\\\ M ltllJ-1'llt1J' 1.J!Jti!IJ:!t /" 'E-1' ~ .\\\ < !;( Jfi , '1i'1lll:it ~G M
>!.PP !J!!1l'illl:1* fi'J lilti!lltt!!f 'f IJJt!J!!ll' Vii jj<(!,) !Iii iJIJtt. mu ' !i!"Bt fil) t !I,/ ;ljj;k jjff f,j'IJ(Jt!!J!I K. 5.
Z , ilrlililll It M <l ,mu ' !ll!llti\lJ;ljj;k llif lfi'IJ(Jil!.ll:i'li:. 'i!i m -1. mu e 111"1"'1'~.
wl'A .till! l\i !I,/ :IT tif 'l'l' llJl , 'Ii'!JI!1l' Vii fi!< li'I Vii iJIJ tt!!f 'f lJJt qg ll' !Iii fil' mu iJIJ!'I- w.t if!if11t1J !I,/ !It
i!IJ "1'1< li!1 i:!lll! Ill K litJldJ! tEi.! # *:l'f f ,Jr. ilifJi' :f ~lE i.J i.! f>P;ljj K19! ~ .\\\ !;( " "f l!i ii:" i:!lll!
joJ lilf lfl jljl , ft z :% t.!itt!llill .
i.! #ill! l\i !I.I:!!! fi'J llll .Ill lliFT lit JJ jfU fl 'Ii' }J !I,/ fJl l!L i$JW # }J li'J f\i lil illi 'lit flli ioJ 'f !J!11i15tt
l!iil!, Ill Wlili!ll it M> 111111 iJIJ J'l-llif Jf 1rJi'lilx'I:f ~ii! fi'J,
11 }..{~ J!tllt}J fJl lil 1.J;l>,f'f TliJf 'fi: T J'1. ilif iol .tiliiJIJ i.J111!!'. J'I- ilif T ;!)!I($ 1 J'l-1lif t ;!)!IL
$ 2 , X'/ 'f l!t 11 ill;tt f.iJ!I i.J !! lE J/. il!f 11
(1. 2. 42)
(7. 2. 43)
(7. 2. 44)
\lM-V=-K11ap1 _
'JP1)
(7.~~.45)
m::
/..11 ' Jz
fll 5': C7. 2. 42 l11:A C7. 2. 45 l , llJ1' pl(

V'1----V= <M---- l)(V----V,!
Jl;<j>,M~<K,/,)/<K,/,).V,
(7.2.46)
ti
V __ K1g(p1 - Pi)
" 1 (1 - M)
(7.
z. 47)
'2.:lllft ).ii M> 1 EIJ11!Jl'i. ITTIJ V .... V,>O 'i!!?i'!liilH'lrJ!! l~ ,V ... V, < O'i'<;GjjjJ!t'i!;li(, l.!I Jll; ii)
~ \', i'tl!Jlr*IJ~IJ~J!jl(l.)E al rhl; J'l.J!!ilL Xt'f p, > p, al itifi . v, !iltlE ilii ' lfil 1lif v <V. et JI> ilif ;llr
1(1.)E Ell 'V>V, et J'1. ilif J;!,:f,1(1.)E fJ xt'f P <p, ilJ 'Ii!'!". V, JI, :ffdiL l.!lllil v ~ V, 113.;k'f'?. '2.:'I>
ff,Jll llif!l!::f>!l!)E !0.
J!0 '~ ~ilif lfl.)E'!tfl'J 3l i'l.!l ll!!i!ti\l'llf ;IJ .10 ;!Ir!!! li!ll~JltftJ ;IJ , [!!Jlil '!\'ill' ;IJ .ti!l!:f!!llfiiJ 'f {:Ell!
J'1. iii 1(1. "'
tt ii 71Cl'1il! ii Ill <!' jjj ;!!' ff0 lfJ '1ll *II! f" i!li tl'1R 'tll l\1. 1J< IA llil Ji'f l& l/l: $.Md!
7.2.4
iJJ<ttl1t
ttliCilll $'. <!' t1'1';kil!:Jll;7J<, Jf *Bt. Bl 'f iJli 7f<.i:$.ti! i1'J l!J oi1 illl 7J<J/l. iii ti: ':f::J!:JB, !l(*
JI> iii "17J:'ffill!t, :J!:Jji; JiS IEXttl' ill! ilJ l'n JI> llif J: 7t411'tlb ffj Jit!l!lt l!l<lll!i!t. Po JIHf, i!li i!Jlii';k.
11\:7./<!1! i:<'i'I At!' 'P , fj!i!li ff0i"':I!:11\\11. ;!' !f lilltJ;i!lifl' ilJ 1E 11' I fj;. J;1;1'fil'.1j(A fill!! 13:, i!k7f<Fz! r
llif!l!:ill7'<. #ilk Jl(~h. l'tJiJ!;at. t!!.~ilFiU lf!:7)('11o At!' '1'9011'%. Ill Jll; ill!.llf lilf 'Ji'.,\'!: 7f< lll!J!! fl'J 'Jl1'1'.
~ll!lll!l!i!Dlll:!llllii!I! ~ l!lll!!Fz!Jll,J!; 'Ff~ "1' !Jil! fJ.i IJ!l::<J h. F iH171< 14'! ~Jl! ti b. J: iH1 i111
Fz!Jl!f ti a~h b, !fl .i!ttl'!fll7}llf lf, tl'i!Orlil!'!Elil'Jf11j(Jlil VJ t. Jl;'f#Mi ~ti! tl:riEIY! 'Plill.
l]i(ili Iii'* {j!,](jf17j( "F ilif ::<J axy "F llif 9P ,~ o "F llif. tl'JT Jf vJFo. ti' l!Jr:I!: Q ctr. !!! Ill; iilJ J'i!- llif,
J$i:iJIJ JI> i!T ilJJll ,~\Cr. y .t li'<ii< BP J'i!-iii%1i:fJ.i n!llti
f'(,r,j',z,t) = s: -
tC.r,y,t) = 0
('/. 2. 48)
M r 7G RI Jt!! Fz! l!I< l!!I !!! Jt!! 14'! 'P C.- P 1i ti' 1i!t% 1'J1' mt
F(r,z,t) = z - ?;'(r,t) = 0
(7. 2. 49)
MT 7GfF!xl1!!Fz! 'FIR* ilJ *'Ft!' ..l!Cliftl' !ll!!&J"1mHtfflt"F iii rciJ !l!l. J]j( x !flll .bf 11; 'f #jlij!flll 1f11.
m11J'1. ilifnm UJ'.!i' pl(

f?(y.z,t) = z -
~(y,t)
= o
C7. 2. 50)
n!i (7. 2. 49) f1H 7. 2. 50) Ji\11' J!l fi'J plj i':IJ.l!il. Cll'illl~ lfJ z~ \(,, t) l!J< ,~ \(y ,t) ii) J'\.f*i'<!!s.5'\,
I'~ !l!l!it!M'IJI: T ' Mi ii.ii:!: 1' li!i'I!: ' .bf !"Ill: Q :ff~' lltfnt!l.1'J V) iitlr Ill: Q *~il<J llli!t ~J iJ: llL *'1
%U Ji\1' ll! 111! ilif llll "F llli <' liC1' iill!tJcl: ilil Of '1lo A ti' <!' ,
i!li JI; J'i!-jjij1ffijf 1" 'P 5t ffltP'i 1' B:J;it, l: i!ll "1 R,. mt i*Ji\i Jlji!J .i'.$.1' ., Y.i Fllfl::<J R,, mt U:Ji\i
309
111:0>.i!i'i';.<J ,,r,, xtoollll F '1'1W1i'llll m,i:c1. 2. 48)'J1!l

;
~~V
V[z \(x,y,t)]
(7.2,51)
Jt '!' .v Jldit im:Jti.!t. gIJlt~i.!t'll' <!>. <E.i!i:IJ JffeJ '!' ..ti-ll\ 't 'Ill' :IJ 'I'.17 Ill:
K,
+ Y,z)
(7. 2. 52)
!',- (p + Yzz)
(7.2.53)
tP, (x,.y,.z,t) = ;CP
ciii(x,y,z,t) =
(7.2.54!
xt f '!''I ffi!llimt 1*. <!>, i'll <!>, l4J nli Ji!lil ~llrWi:lf llL lil\mV .t. :( T ~A! Ill' mf'f T'!lt!li'l! j!!f1-:lf
l1il ,<1>, :tE .t rn J1l: :.ti v. ~ o i'll lil! Jt P>J ii! Jll &f'f , <1>, nli ia ~ w f'f Rn , - - b J1l: v. - o,Jll wm't
i'llW!citmi'f.
;i, Jt. T1lii it11:c Jll lllf &iti'll MJm&i'f. if v ~ - v <1> JtA~ c2. 2. su !e' ill l!- ilif mi~
1>
~ + V,
I>~+
V[z
(7. 2. 55)
Vii>, V[z -t(x.y,t)] - 0
(7, 2. 56)
("(x,,y,t)]
14l'll:<1. 2. s4HtAc2. 2. ssJi'llc1. 2. s6>'I111<Ellllllf.t <1>, i'll <1>, ~Ji!&i'f:.ti

'( 1 a4!1
1 8'Pi)
, ("'41 )'
, ('l"lA<. ~4'1)
i!'P,
r Kt:."/ 7i - Kt:.'Y af - K!J.Y .; 1
K!J.Y v \Vi v 2 - JZ
= O
:(Ez~\J:
K.1:::.r -at/Ji
tK~
'( 1
K!::..Y
(7.2.57)
at:P~) + , (~4I )' + , ( ~

at
k.t;.Y
i
Kt:.Y Vwi'
11
{Ez
WJ!citffid'f ill , _ 0 rl\t -- 0 !$'ill
)
IJ '
-11:
i!'P,
- J; = 0
(7. 2. 58)
j'l(,i: ( 1. 2. 54) '.f if
K~y<Pi(:r:,y,z,t) ~
fycti (x,y,.e,t) =
1
t""'0,z""'0
(7. 2. 59)
MJ1 /fk = 0,
tE z
f:'A.! 2 /8z=O,
;(z-=bJd;
=a _.fiC
(7, 2, 60)
(7.2.61)
tE !t jl;J J1l:, XfJ)( "f :#1! Cli!t' ii) fF!J.>1l1J11: l!! J

lim(r ~!) = Q,
-oar
2ir
:{ir~
v2
+-
(z -
d)t
(7,2. 62)
;It'!' ,d :.ti 7)( "f!t' ?Ei!Ul17J<lllf 8'J IE~, l'Ji [;.( Jl,;<'iWl!IH'f <7. 2. s 7J - 1. 2. 62l T'1'111' 41, i'll 41,
a<Jl!L ill'l!rll'i:lf !l!. Jlltfj 41, i'11 4>, tl:A>\ C7. 2. 54 l , !~ llHJf>Jt!'J Jll lllf %1*. I~ \Cx. y ,1!.
!'l-iii~t1:!1l~P l1:,1tmlll lllf %1*. a<J 'il!l!ixt. llt7\:!i!i'*mli' iili ~ <1>, >111 41,. !ii It? >1>, 1'll 41,
l!Jinli Ji'c 8'J 1f l1il JI,; ~l!t 8'J ' ,,:f"f Hi!fii lm:Ji!i l!rf'l!L Jl'i:lf !l! ~t'I ffi !iii iJIL Ji!ij) fC :If!l! ' i!!Ji!< A! ....
i4' '!' ,i: ( 1. 2. 58 ) Ji!<~' ~tt 8'J , ~1N:\!t:>!Ei~llt'!lt14llil'tril!'I 'I [;.( JiJ1llJ( ~it JI: .xt 'f ift)E 8'J mt I:
c. (x ,, JJl<$11it1J<ti!f %li'J z. -r. Cr J1'11 JI:'!" clttl!IB rn z, -
Q. l'r :: 4il\--ll>/~tl li'J ',!ii!ii\'. z. -
c.Cy J
tl:'!!Ttf- n ',!/Ji<M!Y.ratfl;) '

ff ;;f\?1if;14J !!I rJ,ftii!JAA itJ!. llii1frlif c1. 2. s1 l illl c1. 2. ss >li'J 11-!!:;JZ.flil;lil;f'lill:it!ll'I, AA itli'i.
J!. llii1frf'f iif13 lit
1 (!Pl - a<P2 - iXP1 = 0
Knr Dt
Kt:.Y at
Ck
/!1
(1flll _
KAY at
(7. 2. 63)
fAr. (/([!i ~ ;jr[)t = Q
Kt>Y at
(7. 2. 64)
dz
'IE#~ 4HlC3J111
a. 7. s 1'i 'f I!.( 7): '!"# J.sl!1J , ilt 11 T !ilHtJ!. iilf1frfif TIJ<Jl!11J;,IJl<lilrliil!, :!;' it:li1JJ1;1
'IE # .!i, l'i: li'J ilj YI tt , ~ <P, Jl' ll'I lllt <ll,, 1'11 o1>,, il'i l!ll Jl' , ~ ~
4\(y,z,t) = ,,:1;,~ lil.>SJE
~tlll'I. lJ/t,<P,, "T'.!l'li'Z
ifl1 1
[ ::91'~00 z- a !'I:
Qln[y 2
4z
+ (z
ill'Jaz-o, eir I!.(
d) 2 ]
Qln[y 3
4n
+ (z + d)~]
(7. 2. 66)
*'f TI'm~ l!ll?l- <ll,,'fll <ll,li'J !Ell'l;J<f'f jg
?f:;' = ~ [yl+a (-:; ~ "d)i rd>2 =0,

dz
yi
+a(~! d)i J 1f z = a 91
(7. 2. 67)
fEz=-b:Zl;
(7. 2. 68)
l' z-0 l'i:.<P,,~o.m~rbi\'.(7. 2. 63)!0(7. 2. 64>1'

1 arl\i _ </i, <NJi _
at
KD.Y at
K~Y
1 ~ll
JIP11
2 :>:Pi
Kt:::.Y ;Jt - Kt::..r
= ....
Ck
Ji -
_iil4-......... *,,.
;r(y2
(](Ji, -
a;~
+ d') '
O.
Tr
1L
i:x:"
.
)
17 2 69
"'
XL:
hl
(7. 2. 70)
0 xi;
JX:fi;J..jg JI. iii l!L fl' :Ii~ rj' li'IAAitJ!. oo ;J<fif, TI' Ntl ll'I <ll,,1'1! <ll,1\ll.!E 1lJ VJ ?t Jl!i 5' :1:, jf Ill
'lt N<;;Jt iltf :ft Fu HI
,Q J~ l ch[A(o - d)]
~(y,t)= 'ikt:J.'Y
00
7. l o
ff.;~.
mil !ill'!!!JJ !!!'3t ll!i! :!: f1'J
- A
{ 1 - exp [_k,'j;ycth(l.a)
sh(,\a)
+ t~ircth(?.h)
ri;J Jil'tt .!i!l !!! <P 7J< "!' !Hi! %li'J
Foudei
}
t eos(Ay)dA
(7,
2. 7ll
Icy " J 1'11 "' fl! !:. li'J 3t It ii'! 'ii!
"'.Ill< 0 982 !ti! Ill<.* o 987)Jl'~tl ~1J\l1:!1! Jr !lt1'11 ;!:!!ittt i!IJ till< <Pli'J JI: lit ISJ 11l!i1tfi
cJ> <1981 l
r iiffn.
7 3
ff ;;tJ wi!if tl{fiifI.Ii 111 ilif-tfi; iJjf ;;tJ
l:. - 'II' FR iiff ':Ii: fl'J JVI" [riJ l1l! !l! fi '1'f JI! !IL1* li'J iiJ ffi!fi! tt . ~VIL lit ?l':irll!Jft tiif tii!i'i'!iii . tr 1'
'E: ;lil;@'!k Ill< r~ ll!i .1'1J la! i!IJ 11J tt Jtili 'f VIL 1* rn iiJ' EE!fi!ttililli' :!I! J!f\? Ill , 11' iiff
.!i!l !!!!!!;1f JI. Ji!!!!! 'f- o J'l # l!A mt 1* , ~ Z::IB lit -1' i1'i llClUIL :!;'!!!VIL1* li'J 1lJ!I! !fi!tt !If l'Ut
'*
n.3t m
A lilt {<I; I q~Jll iilf. {<I; 2 8'J illJ !Jr. llif 8~Q(j(/J, Jf il'J Ill ~tr Jil\!l!!i't ti; J't JE:!J :ai!l!i, nttA11'8'J ffifJ
'!I' Ill IA Jf Jli iJ\ T "11l l\': 1l!i lill .
z
o. 8
y~{;:)'n(;T)
I \z'"'
I
0 7
0 '
(l.
0'
o.
0.6
0-5
d.J
n.2
I I \ \A' 'oI
~\(",
O. I
"-...
""-.
~o
'
N 0.4
"
0.1
ti'
~
0.8
(k.kvl111(:r1- .,,)
lQ
i;
,
I/
(l, 9
k.(ri -- )' 1)
T""
t
f(, + 2)d
I
0.3
1.1
J.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
T
..
10
l2
!4
16
18
Pll JZ Wi tit e'9 )! .A. l!ll :t.J 1111

i>I ii':-1' 7C '11 :k1'" lill ~ll! .fT - i:i tt7J< 1l'i1H'i'il' 1K "? J!l Iii ill! ll: ijg 'If ~JI' Jilt -1' P'f IK Ni
7. 3. 1
~.IK~lRE~~1K~~~t8'J~~lill1lK~2RE~~lill~~~t8'J~~7J<.~1'1K~ffi
iilJ l'r- llif ,~,, (1 l ?tlf. T .'J' ~ F#B'J !EfJ 5tilAI IK~O , i!.'1'-*!ttAJ:i!ll11' Ii!: ffifJ :ff il!i 8'J AA'~
nttA lltlt;!ll, mJ*!~'IH:l 5;rlil:ffi11r11\!\8'!!1 j;j(n Hin :!flll!I.

lill iih~ ""~ 8'J l5'.!WJ ;1;111>111 ii! m11'd'f :ey t11 1m r ,
l_
1-(r dpar
= l_ dp,
X1Jt'
O<r::;;;;r
l'- [' r apl ).

ar
= l_ ap1
r,~r<=.
1)
rJr
rJr
0 ,
X:Jt'
t>O
t>O
(7. 3.1)
(7.3.2)
(7. 3. 3)
(7. 3. 4)
(7. 3. 5)
tr---=kJ::,t>O
Pl(r,t) = p,,
P1(r,t) =
p1 (r.t) = p,,
O~r<:::oi-),
l,
x----~~-
' - t/i,c,
;,:, '
t = 0
(7. 3. 6)
(7. 3. 7)
312
111
= K'1/ I =
).I
K,/z
?.1
(7. 3. 81
p. fi!.J.!(Jii Iii! I!! !EfJ 4' P, - p, - p, (;- 1 , 2 l , l!t'li' 1:1:: w f1J .5 EE ;j; 'I& 1:1:: N
~1,
w=
:fr~U 'lg
!v' = Xi = M
Xi
l"'-1
ri
(7, 3. 9)
r:
(7.3.10)
u.=~--,u=,
4X1t
'
4X1t
w1J:1Jffilfilii'.-il>it<1. 3.1)-c1. 3. n'!l:11t

d1P 1
dP1
(7.3.11)
u dul +tl+u)d'U=O,
d 1Pi
dP 2
u du 2 + (1 +Nu) du = O,
u,
dP,
Q
2u cl;; """ 2rrA h'
1
u-o
t.:0
(7, 3, 12)
('7. 3. 13)
P 1 (u) = P 2 (u),
(?. 3. 14)
MdP 1 _ dP 2
du-du'
(7. 3. 15)
P 1 (u)
$:-$:1rll!!Jl ,
u<
ll]'"
= P(u) =
0,
u -
(7. 3. 16)
P' -dP I du, fli!:lflli! fll'l!ir~I):. rJ:Z1rll1C7. 3. 11 l;ftl ( 7. 3. 12) it;\]

dP' 1
(
1 . <
udu+
I+u JP' 1 = 0 ,l<~u""<u,
U
dP',
du -
(1
+ N U) P' ;
0,u, ~ u
< oo
(7.3.17)
(7. 3. 18)
(7. 3. 19)
dP
P' , = ..<l...u..~
e-N~
-- r11u
(7. 3. 201
(7,3.21)
rl
r1
uc - 4X1't - lit'i&,R-'t - A
;fl; cp ..4 Ji': lit!&,
! r: - At i!!iJ!lxt t ,Jz.5'1& , lit te ii AJ!ll l\lJ El) )'IC llii' ii~J!!Jt
~=~:=~11
~
(7. 3. 22)
(7. 3. 23)
.... :lf]ljj,tl(,~ 08'cy lE1$,l'fi!lJd:EIJi<l~imJt
~.
- ... iz.,
a}'. I
dt
! Jr
c=',.
(7.3.24)
7. 3 ;/fm.Jf.iill"f Eilliiil#.iiliil
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'"'"
313
------------------~
tt l'll!.( J::::::" 'l' 1~

j_ re
2 t
(7. 3. 25)
Tllif !lf M>I: <7. :;, 19 lflH 7. 3. 20) l'l'IJ\:lt-1J-'. , >\'. <7. 3. zo 1j!ljl;l),f!. u JIJ =!!\:fr!& tlJ
P 1 (u)
ill>Rf'f(7. 3. 16)1\l$,!Etll
cu~o.
P,
(7. 3. 26)
+c3i
jl1jt.(;J'.(4. !. 23):j(jl; 2 IK8'JEE}J:fr1ii

2
MQ ---~1-(J--N)E'(_1Vr 1
4trA1he x,,
I
4X1t
P(
z r,t ) 111< tll
cvf:ue~:ud(Nu)
(7. 3. 27)
kl 16 l'f 111< P, .i<UtA f11' l'iiJ ~J ,,, xti't c1. 3. 19 JJ!!ilil! M u 'ilJ u, ~,,I <x,,, !!\:fr !if tll
P1Cu)~ c11f"
e-udu
h,
+ c1
?
=ell[ - Ei(- u 1 )
+ Ei(- u)] + c12
(7. 3, 281
14fil!ll:C7. 3. 27)'fiJ(7. 3. 28Jlllfl'f-1lif.,f'f<7. 3. 14J,'f111

c 11 Ei(
u,)
"'ilii ;\! tlJ li!tFn-1' 11' ~ "'

c12
~i'i'.17.
t' 11
+c
Ei( -
11
u,)
Ei(
+c
u,.)
11
'1 Cu= c11 Ei(
,Vu,)
(7. 3. 29)
+c
}lu,)
(7.3.30)
Ei(-
u,)
21
Ei(-
3. 21 lfll<?. 3. 30Jf'\:Afllli'i'.17. 3. 28l.li!t.lfi1~ 1 1Kft'JEE;IJ:fr1Ji

Pi(r,t)=
4tr~1h[ -Ei(- 4~:t,i + Ei1: lv!Q

- e ___ ::;_,._1-.,NlE'(
+ -4:irA.
h
'
IXt
"'
.IV -
r!
4Xit
4X1t)
(7. 3. 31)
(7. 3. 32)
r!!t>I: c1. 3. s 11fllc1. 3. 211"TR'<"l'11t

p,a(ra,f,a) = -
Ei(-
:C~f!)- Ei(- {J) + Me-,gn-N!j(-}l/3) J
1 M C -Ol!-N.'E'(
I
2
~ J:ll!i i3'. 9' ;\''If

3(, Jlil'J :I; a'
!!:.b)
4t,D
(7. 3. 33)
(7. 3. 34)
",.;I 4Xot.. llJ!.t\ti fJ i'JH;ll: 1~ Iii. ;1; lit , 51 i11'-1'l!lt1"1; :H<l~HiEitA :filli 8'J
(7.
3. 35)
;It'!' ,Q< 0 ,a>O, ;.,fll '" j}g1j ;j;JF:~l)<fll f:lbiZilll t\!!fll ilL t:,;, !>i!1J<Jii I JR,j< tf!!fll Jtfi'J Jiili,
71;1'11'~ itt1A '1<8'11if ffi!i!il1E. ill W19!'~3:'* , :ft rrrch c,;, ~ -Qt,, RP
('7. 3. 36)
314
fl "" .!i_
4X1 t;
'1$'~ Iii?!< (yj"i1J ffif.li;tt
.2.
(7. 3, ,)7)
, tll i!; ( 7' 3. 25) ;f11(7' 3' 31) ii) !!.l *ii>
Q 1 [~Ei(,
21rA1h 1 ar
i. r, _ 2
- Qc,1
4rr..l. 1 h~,..
t -
_ ..c:_)
J
4X1t ,~,
~~Ki 1.e-ih
.-
4;ril1h
/'1
r,
(7. 3. 38)
'
(7.3.39)
(7. 3. 40)
0.1
/
p
0.01
--
I z:; .. ;i.
0. 00
.,.-- l .... -.... ---
o.os
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
'
P-'5 ')1\111!!1
(1. 3. 40)!;i'fllj 111;; a i'J:l<I!\Hil!1i<Jtn00 7. 11 @fli<.Xt'f-illti'J!t?f<tilf% P~o.
1111. II
Jll! ;i:
*,if
et~ frJXt #
Jiiiffi;IJ !!IM1J:fa:C.,
Pv(l,t,[J)
=-
Ei(. -
'1Bil1iilff*~
~ r ~ r,
f1:AP: (7. 3. 33 l iiJli!Jt !iii 3":1;11! ffi;IJ Pn (I , ,.,,)
;,v)- EiC- (1) -
01,,'Jf!!.l:::c\!f~
Me-~it-Nli(
N/3)
(7. 3. 41)
v e<igin <1gs211J1'll:T!t1J< # i'J !f ;IJ t'ff lliJ 1!2i.
7. 3. 2
illil8:1fi!Jtir.JII1J~~
ii7.K #fl< ll: i:EA I:.( m,# IK !EJ1 i i!iil'f ili!I, ::I.Iii!~;; 'ti" #lf #it ffi;!J ~It l!l1!li!l, J!!j!.
Ill l'f ili!l ~iiij , Kong, Lu (1 gg h, b, n) 'fl) Ill :J!')} J!t!!l[liff 'll: T 17}:# (!') ffi :i:I .fl' iii!!,# Ill Riu ll;!fl llJ
ifr Ill il'J il\il lli ffl
<MIJ!l!illll!t!i!!lll!!! ;;' J!'\-1-il(*(!'J lill ii<. ~p r .!Rl (!'J l!li %ff J'l.l!ll<Jt, 9' .C.- n :Ii# .i'E
Aat 1"1:Iiilit11!5}1) ~J t, :Iii Q, ~ J!'\1J<!'PiJ ffi!ll!tt , '111. l!'tfi'il' JJ1'11 ll!:;IJ. h\. l'l'!E it~J ilili'J lltl'iiJ It
:I: ::I.I t.t. m~ t ~ t, +t.t, J'I. jjjf'f'1 Vl ::I.I r,,
u r. ::I.I ti'~ *ll 'l IiJ! !'Ii "'13" :lt!ill :II:
315
t=
Pn
(7. 3. 42)
r"',{3= ~=-1-,
r,
4Xit,
4t,D
2n:A_h(p; - p>
Q
rli!:ffi:IJl!li~MM~~~~~m~~~n~~~lllt
<
rn
<1
(7. 3, 43)
(7. 3. 44)
ffi ;IJ l!I ~Jill ~ Ml!it ill-ilf lit Ji!: ! A llli ;IJ l!'I !ft L!J ~ !-!' ! flt i.i;
t ~ 1,
at ~ il1J!c , B~ ft <7. 3, 3 3 l 1'11
(7. 3. 34)' l'J!tE~ill:
(7. 3. 45)
(7. 3. 46)
Pzn(Ut,o = 0) =
:11;9' ,g(ro)J1t
g,(r,,)f}~IJJll
g(r 0 ) =
Ei( 4t,o.
''-)
Ei(-
/3)
+ Me"nci--.~,
(7, 3. 47)
(7.3.48)
T jjjf!If ,'.\1 ffi:IJ tit~ Jill - ~ ~ !IE~ Ji! Jl.il'd'f 111 J'i- ilif il'dlf ,
pg Ji!Jl.fakllf .ill' ft ( 4. 6. 29) "' (4. 6. 31) Ill 'f *!f flt1'1 jf Ill ft ( 7' 3. 42) p~ ) )( A'J ?C:liilllii'
~!lit
(7. 3. 49)
(7. 3. 50)
(7.3.51)
:It 1' ,Co Jikffi;IJ :Yi:~J\ll~:liil1 i!l;i!tl\ ~ ,S ilk :l!i'!ii. Ill 'f ,#] iiktE:iftffi;IJ lit~fM\H1 i j A~ ,
J'I. jjjf;. 14'
(7. 3. 52)
P1o(r,n) = P,o(rcn)
},f Jp\D
Jrn
'v~',v
rJP2D
Jro
I
'o"',?
(7. 3. 53)
(7. 3. 54)
7 "' t iiL'll- $ "' Ii; "'#! \'l ;l; ;. ; "' ,.. ilt
---
316
(7. 3, 55)
m,
iX !l!!l':!!iil! crq, ;;: '1. 3. 33 l .'fll " s. a4 l JildtA Jill JGR'l.;l;:Jtl! I!! 'I' ft! t ill! -e:t , ~ 1, ii'll'
llt ~J fJiJ iii jg 1+ &,, iiJ ~) fr. jg 'ffi '1<Jtl! 1'l It jf1W )!; *~Ill !j; ilt?ll: !l' ill ii! &'.?ll:!l' fJiJ wj/fj""' f'f o,~ ? ;:>;: J;;;
15 jg,
!qi~,~ flJFi tE~l!l &'; J!1G;l;: ft] ill ill<, 'll;llill:, H Jf i!lJ'l'i!i"'1 !'151< t11 F.1! , Jtl!lilcffi J!. ;f11 JG J!.'!l'
1Jt1' if&.. IB: *'L
!qi
l!f J\IHu , !'!( iw B'1 !Ii 1' tt ill\ !Ii
'lit iii m.1~ iii< i1lt m'f <na .i;, Jt-"' "'
l.f!! B'J '
!qi:'' jf jllf fi#J!i&l'lCJ:l !!)tflJlAMJi'I, Of lit~ t ~t. B-J'Ji!J a~!li.l!!' iitJ!iil!JllHlHI' AWi~ m
Co 8'J;li.tE t~t, Bt!i!JB'Ji:/iJl<i!!@.;llij\(7. 3. 33)8'JjfiJ:,
!qi 1'11 , il!&'.f!l r s J:< IJ!i 1 Jfii!< ~J J!;Fif- !E:IJ fl! p., W:f iii~ Jf11\: lll! ~ !E:IJ ili p (r~ r, l ,
=.;):
!Jf.l:fa)fjj!,~~t'(jff!/1(7.
*"
'*'
3. 33);f11(7.3. 34)tE t~t, BJ!i!Jfl'r{l!f):;l;'!il!l; C" 'Ill S
j'WJi'~~Jlij
ft! "1frtt""'i'fJli'it""1'l' lll! fl'!

1rl'l!ill (7. 3. 43)'f!J c7. 3. 44) U Zt!Elllil'<lf (7. s. 4SJ- <7. 3. 55) llf U ffl **lll=eUlUJlll';
!E:IJ'lf
JI<, ~lf!i:J'Cil'l l !Klllfl'l:: tK. l!tli!: 'il' Fl ft! i!J!Jlf , H!lllJ!tfl'l 1 tKJli:IJ , J:l: 5't l!!' Ill ~J nl'l!
c7. 3.43 l l'il '1'fl'lil'<1'f c7. 3. 45 H~ & c7. 3. 49l - (7. J. 53 l TW jgjl1j$i!ll !\!, , 'If t; Tlff. 1 t: Ill
i!e Mtr 'IH11J!li 11: Jl!Fw bJ "! Jllt
!II
(7. 3. 56)
['wD =
[Pl> - ,);,; :D]

fJ
"1JJll 'if 'Ill~ jj;tt !'Jt , JJ: (7.

[ Cf!$fo
ii:\1!:V>':<7.
(7, 3, 57)
'n=
3. 5 l) ~ Jl1 !if iiJ "! Iii;
+ ~ Cng(rn)
- Cn,'Jse
- CnSs -
ft._v]
v ',,w
(7. 3. 58)
s. 47lf!'r.i'f'lll
\7.3.59)
(7. 3. 60)
f"<s) .... J_
(~vgCe)
2 (Cn,5,~
l)t
i~ l: %51: 'I'
(,'0 S
(Cv/is
+ 1)
(7.3.61)
!l!tl il't:LJ!li'l!'J!l!~tL l'f iW ll'd'f c7. 3. 52 l 'flJ c7. 3. s3l11:11! ~

li1DCr,p) = Pzo<r~D)
(7. 3. 62)
(7. 3. 63)
Ell :lfll!C 7' 3. 56) 'flJ JEll'lil'<i'f ( 7' 3, 57) ' ( 7' 3. 60) .( 7. 3. 62) l'll ( 7. 3. 63) 1lf u l'Elll t!O"' l'l :tjtfl'j J
IB: fJiJ ~iii 'Ill. Tilii jfi>JJll 11:0' lil>:!'l!fll Ri liiill'fiJ!tl!ll.
:;J<#ll 1 I& ~a;lf JiUli;IJ ml :f"1J !ll 'Jl::)} E\Jll!~1 J:ifiiJ lllill'ff '1t!1i. ffl'ltill !fl iAJ.i !'/. iiii1li
2j;: J: T jlj'. !! il!L NP ili1CJ fi'
(7.3.64)
i!!!m'Jl::)}'!' Jjj(Jll!, :0111C7. 3. 56l11.:ltii! J'/.'1\f'f Jllf X1@.(t<J51':))-j'H!;iJ:J,1
f' [( 3Po)
1
/(]5D)=
'v"'' , Jrn
+ '[
'f!ill'llllftJ.ii'l\f'f!ll.{IHiiJ!ll.
,J
+ sPb -
g(r0 )f>p]rvdrl)
cc,,s~";. Del'!''"''+ 2/()Jin 1.,-J
(7. 3. 65)
t~Jlli'l\{'fC7. 3. 60Jii[~$;
~~;I
'D~'
- <CfJS~~
l)fpD
I -
f(s)
(7. 3. 66)
''D"''
fl\ ill Ill Ri" Iii '1' f!'ii'I\ l'f 11>! fl! fiil Ill Ri" Iii a<J Jil - ti>J!! i!li fli /f-JAj;l f!ljl , il':j;l !1f f!! 1\' -1'
ilii !'<Cl\ ~. c, ~ 12. , N ... ! "'1~'f1' iif l!\Jlll a<! l\ !& . i3:1' ilii !&l\ !iell' iif l!ll!iliit~ IIJ!i< r'l a<J1'
'"'**" ,
i;\Jfrp $ ril!'il: ':='.Ill ilii !'It .tt ilii !&"'11* ilii 11111]' \;( fil ll<iZ1:( l'i J Ill 'I' . 'f\l ff] i!lilfi'.il':ll! 11'1
"'*"'
(7,
1+1 ',
'
3. 67)
(7. 3. 68)
(7. 3. 70)
oJt!1f'J J!!ifd'f J ~ 0 r/l' li!i l[Pn (A,. A, , "' , AN)] (t<)!& {ll[l'ii] !ll3"l!lf fi'j!lj for1Jlli, I) jjlj ft/Ii , ~p f'J
Ill '11-14'<7. 3. 69) /~ i>I: (7. 3. 70) '!'-1-ft A,, 2) Lagrange !li!i"IR, l'\\il'Jf'J!!l 5 .... ~tr/Ii,
RP9
318
(7.3.71)
F=l+A,J
)'!;cp .A, fl;;IJ
ffi
L"gmnge Jli''f,
~~.
= 0
(i =
0,1,2,,Jv,,i.)
(7. 3. 72)
'
ill N+2 -tf1'tt}Jl'i!, l!J Ji<'Jtt!W N + 2 t-1f!E*t1 A.,A, ,. .. ,AN ,A,, !WtJ1 JX l:ttfciftA'i\:
(7. 3. 67) .IPill'fl!ffJPJi111!fl'Jfli<I,
rtJ !;.( l: ~~ iiT U if Jill iX 1'-fi!ll\li Jil. I l?Ui'J Pl !lrllll"* ft, 1j' iilll. jfiij)' !l- JB\.f!I! iX-tll'l!tt;!;,
1fl'i!(7. 3. 56)il'JjJl1,
"FilifiiflllEl:tt A., 14fjyl'i!C7. 3. 72lli!Jf.~>!:(7. 3. 70lo/:":1'!!1!l-J"iil5t~Ul!l 1,.1,.1, 'ii!
if ffJj Fu ilif l';f J"iJl HI' Ci;: JiJ l, f~ I, ]\\ii\ , Sile 'If ' :": lX jy ~J l: fl'] 1'i .~Ll 45-1'i !t ~Ll ~ tl1 !Ill f ,
(7. 3. 73)
J'[i:-:~
~Ajrh-+
;,.;, = 2s ,
'1
j +1 -
(,
+IJ(r''+\
r
2)
; __;__ 1 - i
~ 2 J rdr
rl+ti
= 25 [
~ /\ .(T+i).(}+f')(;::~;+;!')
1
-~A,
N
I<J+ll<i+ll+(j+2JU+2) Ii+1+5
I
~A'<i+2><i+L(i+J+6)]
(7, 3. 74)
(7. 3. 75)
N/1)
go=-Ei(-p)+MePll--NiEi(
M'f 1 13'. bi 4t,n<S; l / 41,, ~ P, ilif-!litJ;l!. p<S;o. 01 ,

Ei( ---- _!_~_ 1 =In _'.~k1
'}(,/)I
4ti/)
~ Jt llitt!!1 ?tE<il& of j[fi'JJ;l!'ll!Y;
+Y=
lnfi
+ r + 2lnrn
;it.P .r~o. 577216 Jl!d!tti111tl& .?Jf U
al,
J' ( ,.;+i
+l
JA, = (ln/1 + Y0 +go) , ;
alnc..S A,(
+ 2J;,JA1;f:i
,.,~,
- i
r1+1 J
+ 2 drn
,>+
J+2drD
+ 2J:1nr(i~~l - 1,~s2 )drn
7J
319
(7. 3. 76)
'1
~+)
J,r lnrdr =
~(K) =
(K
+ l)'
f""+1
1
- (K + l)lno: - (K + l)~
(7. 3. 77)
;i;'i',KJi!.jJ'l!lfl:. l!j K;;;,2 ij',f(K)"' l/(K+l)', !t!'i\lt
:~. =
+; + g~[<1 +
10
2 { fi
1
1> c1
+ 3)
Ci+ 2> Ci + 4; J+ f~i 1?.?. - ~~!:. .( .zi2}

1
(7. 3. 78)
:IJ1'\(7. 3. 651 'i'Jill'ii!'i'Y[Llhl.!'Jll!ilH'f <7. 3. 66JftA lJ:J;:;f!11J6, Blllxt A, <i= o, I, 2, ... , N,
A) fl'Jil1ffl::fr~~ J9
(j
I
I
+ l)(i
+ 2) + (j + 2)(i
+ 1)
e-'+Jl
+ (i + <+;H
2)(j + 2).
(7.3.79)
;~, =
2/(s)
JJ ---JA, -
(" -
a~, (PD I
0 -)
+1
= 2/(s) ( i ..
- i
) ~+i
CDs ( 1
e-+1 )
) - CoSs + 1 i + l - i + 2
(7. 3. 80)
(7 . .'3.81)
>14i>\C7. 3. 73), C7. 3. 74l l!l& c1. 3. 78!-<7. 3. BDftA>\ c1. 3. 12J ,i\illl!.Z .#~
l - t>'+1+Z
2
1
a,,=i+J+Z-i+J+3+i+J+4
ci + 1)<J + ~><1 + J + 4)
b,,=
[(i + i>\.i + 25 + c1 ..+1>1(;'+..2')];. -+. }. +-s
+ u + 2)(j + 2)(, + j + 6)
_
'""'1-i
c,1 - Ci+ l)(j+l) -
Ci+l)(j+2)
+r+"i
Cj+l)li+2) C
+ ( + 2)(j + 2)
Co>
D= C,,S'
(1-
d,
(7. 3. 82)
+1
Di)<
(1
-1-1___1_)+
F, - i + 1
G=
'
<{i
i+2 ..
+ 2) + !'(i + 3)
i+l
i+Z
320
-
lnP+Y+g,[
2
ill ;~o.l,2""N f1i N
'1tir'
(i+l)(i+3)-(i+2)(7"+..45
I ~1J1'\!,;i[lfi!~Jll:if<j'f(7. 3. 69>,li;J!lll; N+2 ~:lr1'i!B'J:lr!ll!I!
2j (a 1, + sb;, + Dc.;>A1 + --f A,
G, - .fF.
.1~0
(i=O,l,,N)
(7. 3. 83)
2:;d,A, ~ f
(7. 3. 84)
14f>tt7. 3. 84llllWJ F, #f.Sj(7. 3. 83ltlltp,l'f.-t

h 11
a;,
+ sb;, + Dc + d,F;
1.'
~d1A1=(),,
ljd,A,
i=0,1,2. .. ,N
('/, 3. 85)
(7. 3. 86)
'""
j
6}
0,1,2,,N
(7. 3. 87)
h00
ho,,-1
G,
ho.1-1
ho.
d,
h,,
h,,,. .. 1
c;,
hi., ~1
h,.
d,
(7. 3. 88)
h,o
h. ,-1
G,
h~.!-Tl
d,
d!l
d;""!
h 00
h'
ho.
h,,
h,,
h,,
h.
d,
d,
0
d,
d,
::,~
(7.3.89)
h,o
h,,
Id,
d,
h.
d,
d,
0
(7. 3. 90)
(7. 3. 91)
(7. 3. 92)
,,,_.,'ti>)'
:If i;IJ
Jli iJlhlL #-ilL i;IJ
-------..
7' 3
321
xtf iA!tilJ lli:IJ :If ill< Cfalloff J !t~ :Jttm Bi:IJ 1'J
' ,.,..,
P"D
)=
2trA1h[p ..1 - Pw(ill)]

_QB
"-""D-
2rrA,h[p, - p.(t.t = 0)]

QB
2rrA,h[p, - p,(t.t)]
QB
(7, 3. 93)
(7, 3, 94)
!iiJlt!tit~
Ell 'il: C7, 3. 94 l <Ii llliiJ t.I ;II'. Ill !i'A!t:!fill<Wl ii! 11'1!1 Ill! !ii!, 00 7, 12 Ji!:!Il il'$imt Coe" I<' RJ:
le r ?l'~IJ ;!) s , 1, o. s. o. J. o. 05, o. 01 ilif it:ll'. Ill li'J ii!.fli: ill!~, IE 7, 13 ~Ill Bii.it M tM>li JlHt w
~t'1'1!i Ill! i!lH1<i l!Jofol
'il'imt ill!~'li .=:m. ~ J: mrrM J'il"f M = s, 1. o. s. !ili!Il fi' .=:!r< ill! Ill ~
:ii;"' .
J::ililrM!\!'f w=5.l.O.
e:
-2.
l'
..
5,
,....._._._...__,__..___.___,
-2
-1
lg(.:ltl)/CD)
(1.\J:J!~l'
Cue 1s Iii= 5, J.
o, 0. 5, (!. } ,Q, OS, i,l. 01)
f llif Xtit ;II:ii!!Lit l'l; ti; ;it'd'\' J1,I;\ ltlt ,
if;ll:(7. 3. 94J'riJR.,=3 lf!fl,;t>'.1J/1':;i!J'.~!k.-Jlltll'<~iJ .. =6 IPllJ'.

2) ffilli 7. 12 ifU 7. 131i) Jj1,, !!j 6to/C., '11'.;kRt ,;J.imtlll!l!tJ;Jlii'f M/2,
3J P= .; I4X, t, !.!dill JE li'AlilHf ;I!: t, at~J $!! llif iU.li li'J :Jt:ll!l'J lit. :!'i Of';f !ti Vil 1* ff'J iiJ ffi!fli
fl:, J!Hf P= a/2, l'l;9' a Ji!:~liE 1Alit It. Xt P<o. 01 Jt'*.l\ill.Jll ,:!'i"tJf. 1') EE!flitt. xt'f P>
o. 01.rn1Jfi' ,'=a/2.
4) !l'!li'%U tt:t:, ;t>'.1J' 1!i 9' ii! :Jt:ll!lll:Jllt;ll'f1':!t 1'J r,. !mil:< 7. 3. 42) JiliJEJl.ilJ "i.l.l':/l;E
Jit 11' IJi JEJl.li'J Of' l'fj ,
/!Atl=fi:iJil~iittt:
7. 3. 3
iE ElifJ l\tlil;iil:'ll-u!!i! 9' , Ill AO'J:llt'i!ifit ~jll;'!'i( p ,B ,c, ~, Jf:f!l li!!li!i!l;:!lt r.-h, f~, i!'A 0./
r'l '"ii A ifitllt Q ~1 &!!I xt~i!ll' ill !ii\, Ill :1 A'J fir 'ilci!l;:!lt:JiHf iEFoili 11!8'J Jt ll\l !llfJ !11.atrJ 8'J ~
itill!il\. np !>p-ru '<:1' ill!JL

ffifJ ll'. lll: ;,i:'Ir Eli \11 '1' :trl*:f!l wllll!ftn r ,
I l ~ :il;~JI 8'J !li;i:J :!ltl!!l!Ri!IJ nl< b.p- 6t ill! !ii\ fll b.p' w-w ill! l1I\ , iffiufl'il<ill jj\J!:\ i; :>I< !li!l!
ir4':!lt Cve", '1\'i!W:l!ll}J'ltlll::!ltl!!f!'JHtl\iJ)i'.JJl;1", liTil>!i'IJOt M fll w,
2) ;fiJ Ill ffi;i:Jl!:\*111 it;l!: 1 I[ O'Jflfcl'l "'
, _ IQIB(
21rh
p.,1
f::.p
Jli!::i<lilll!!fllf!'F 1 18'.'1'1kH'Jffl\i}i!!$ K.
Kw
3J
= .,,..1.1
1'Eit<lll l1Hfl xt!!}il!:$ ill! l11\l:. ai ' ~ '" + &. ff'I ii. l!l'i1! 8'J fll xtJl;i1'!!$ K... 'f JiH'@.
X'tjtlil'!;$ jg
K.,,/K.,,,
it;l!: a, P fll r,, lli!l!! ii! X>\ <7. 3. 35 >ll:J!: ili *i'iiE ttA #:!lt a, mJ\:.l\Jl: P' ~ a/2 )!: Hl
p, 'fJiH1!11\ ilif tIJ!i'

r,
5)
= 2
J/ii;, =
2[JJ'A1t,/ <foe,, ]112
;fij Ill OtillH!l *iii it;l!::JE:l:!l'l'ii'1ili# '!'it
c --D -
ilt-!l'>ltii c fll
.JL(
ru )
</ic, r; UvlCv
1
sit
6J Jl!tJ1i,~l&fll&IE.
le k:l l:?Ji >!< ~ 8'J $o:!lt Co,S, M, P, w ~! ' ii ftA. :lr!!i! <7. 3. 94 l , ltJ!: :1 -I!\ !l'il<ill !IL ilt
Iii iii11 JI! fll i.111 'II!: ' ill' i\I( ~ 'Ii'. ' JI: 3' !Ill JI: :)';) 11: '
7' 4
ilh
jl;l.j *II~ lilt
"'*1'*iil-O'111J IJ\l'f ltl!i

r. VJ
'
~ Iii!!!l\l . liil l1: lt fll l#iim: 8'J !!!' :1r11,;;1;'1!'.iim 1i !11!-!!!W. n

'll<Elil;~Jl!:Jill
lif >lt1~i!ti~ H'Jf!'lilff!l., 1lll .7k il'l ffl:f illlRilll 14'E!i llil flt]JI[ ljir JiH!li fE
lf if: 'J'J&#Jl'!'1J E!'J [BJ l!!i, :ii':1\"J.li)f )'i]t<fii) l!!i,
lt;
!Ill~
~*~~~~~-~-~~&
-1'1ili ill IK tI 'f !it lE iL{i) Jf!;f:lt 8'J ill ill: 9' , lf li; ':E !"flt , iill fll '1< il'l #!I'~ I fll 2 8'J Ii! fll iJt f.l:
it 115' #-)1' Eli;/;[ l'Hld'f f'. J!!'>lt\111 )1' l!llbti '1' f:f {i) - ,#TE ti: {iif Bt*I (J'J rJ r 16 1' l'l
11::1:'
1l jl!j #iilr:~ Eli Bi;IJ p,, p, "'1 '13 'It ;iJ P<1
2) jl!j #Iii ti' 8'J Ii! fll iJt '' fll '"
7.4.1
-"':Ir"'
7. 4
it ,j<. l'J "1 ~ ilt
323
--------------------------
3) ijcl"i' Vlt It' fi'Jl1' !ll:J!lt v' to v"
M1"i' Vlt It' fi'J ll! It p, fU p, to ft !l! l'L !JI: It >,

5) jll>j'f"i'!llA<l'fi'Jil\lll ,to,,
.)I; 'I' 'A ff] JitlloC.fi'J!lHE.iJ 5t 1!ito ll<!to Jl )l-;/j;. ;!] T lil'ii!l! 'f"i'l'i mib Vlt ',g.!Vf1f t9111 fi'J 16 1'
4)
(7. 4.
1)
(7. 4. 2)
X1'f-!JititJ:='.llf.flii'llJ ,J!j>j~fj' 6 i':tfllL

2) iidltt1i!!.
(7. 4. 3)
(7.4.4)
(7. 4, 5)
4>*7~~~!lt'l'D~lt~~~lt'ft~~~~:tf8,
P1 = PJ(p),
Pi= P~<pJ,
(7. 4. 5)
P2 = 2(p),
(7.4.7)
= P1(p),
- <p)
('1.4.8)
i!Jll./l!\! 'f l1IB~i!ll l1'!11:. Mr 1'11Pi!il l1'!11:, E fl1Jf 'H!i!!lt 1' 11*..
s) Bi :h o!I! .!;; '!;I' :t.J *:II :tr!i~ ~'!;I' :t.J.!;;t!J'l'o!l *~:tr!! '
(7. 4. 9)
p, = p,(s,)
(7. 4. 10)
i!Jll. B !?!i!l>Eo!ilX1l1f iil:'I< K,,f!I K,,JI, B :lil (lo '41)11 7. 4. l l\' Ii/ii!, 'E; Jiki!Lul);!Jijjli> (lo ,
7. 4. 2
~ 11.! 'f5'If1.J 'l!J
a 1.J ell-~ l1i! fllJ Buckley Leverett ]J Ii
x1 'f tlJ mt'Iii J!l:?f( 'f :11!! Ill 'I' !ti -llf. l1' !IL ,ld'l Bl!! 't 'If tJ fll .lli: .iJ l!'lllil !II: f;f<to l\ll lt':il' mt a<r liJ Bi
!!Ott. W!IL 1!'1\1!lt '1lft11tl\, m~ f'J l/!!1l!'llJ iJJl ,\!. j;ij lt ,fr.l'H7. 4. 3l olU <7. 4. 4) ft jg
avo 11'as~
ax
3t
= 0
(7.4.11)
av+;"'-o
iJ:L
at
(7.4.12)
W.t71J::::'.3'\'1!l1la , #of'J Ill>\< 7. 4. sl ,liJil!

Jl.'<t);;;;;;; acv~
ax
;II; 'f' . v (t)
+ V.. ) =
ax
<
7.4.J3l
=v. +v. f>j; ;!] ,g,fi'Jj1f !ILJ!lt l);fi'ii .t ''t11:'1<'l'tlatfil r'lilii:l:'l't'lllil l!'rfli It'll'fll
324
K-0(s.,)
?,
ax
(7.4.14)
= _ K,,(s.,,)
11w
?f
(7. 4. 15)
"\lu --- -
"'
.,
ax
<7. 4.16)
%- <i;~lJ; ~ v~;)
1. -
(7. 4. 1
:it 'I' .Q.~AV. <m ~ o, w l , A J;;fr !!tliliil< illll\, 11!s!; <7. 4. 15) fiH7. 4. 16 H.i:AJ:xi:, ITTIJil!
(7. 4.18)
;\n'i! iii ililfil. ~ T If,
w, !WI :l:rllh 7. 4.
12J1lJ IJt'.!l' lilt
"'
"'
iJt +Vi'(,) ax - 0
(7. 4. 19)
J.J;Jl-Wr Jtl i'l!i'E i11i Iii: 5t :IfI> , OJ Iii ti' liE!'l!:l:r Iii>!< !!ii c:i!. fL '' . 19 9oJ, :ittl'liE !:\\ 1r Ill c1U ti' liE!'l!
J:n<J -1!!'113:' %r1! <1. 4. 10 If~ WIT ~lli:5t>t>lt111 ,
"'
"'
~iJt+~ax-~
C7.4.2DJ
M'f Ell l:=xi:li*:lV!Zli a,/ 2t fi1 a,/a., ilii, :it :lfl'illfi (l'J :)tiijjj'JlJ i't 7'~11~;1'fiiEi'l!:l:rl!;. IP
(7. 4. 21)
(7. 4. 22)
l>lfl fl'l "'1 l!!lllt it tr;Jt !!ii 1it Iii: 5t :!:rm< 1. 4. ZD fi1 c1. 4. 22l9'JM11.!i, i4jllj1' :!:rm fl: ;\TBuckleyLove"tt:lff!iL J.J;Jltlilf 'fl.$ T.
:!!ii'!ll* x ~ x<t J.!:j lill ii! ,. fi! fJ<1!11ii!I* ill -l&, N~ Fl! s!: er. 4. 21 J1lJ :in , llili! s. fi!fi'Jlllilli 9'J
!llii!l'i!!t::IJ
W - dx
~ Q(t) f' C)
dt "'
.4' }
x(sw,t)
x(s,...O)
(7. 4.
f <.)J' Q(t)dt
+Ar
0
22)
(7, 4. 23)
Jt 'I' ,!l\5tJ'.Q<Odt - v ct 1, JZ:lll. v :1' t llt~I Vii.#:iiliitW: .!\!~ illltn<J .11, #ell\. x c,, .o1llrln iii
llt~ Iii Ji! ' fi!ill FJi tE llL:llt. iiJ JI! x, i<iR ,
rl! :?t c1. 4. 23l1lJ :in , :!!f l!ll>Jt 11! f' <s. l 9'J !Ji, ITT~ tEW iii llt $1!l!fil!l!5t 11i B B'J !ki'l' f. HP1iJ'
325
3J<l1Hf i: t atl'1J ~ tllifli JllJJ-111.

r ilif Hll< f (,, >fl'J 3.itlli. i!l::lti'!'Jl! Ill! if!~ ti X{l'lbl'i'i<illl ~ B j,U C!i>;il:l IE 7. 7(a) l , ~ Jllll!
El~ , J!tlJ'l<s!: <1. 4. 1s l iiJiii!i Ill J. :tj ' ~~ illl !ill .hi. ilif J'.L~fl)J(lll J' c,.l xt ' 5"~ illl!!ll.
ll! 7.14 Buckley-Leverett
~flQ;J#f
1ll Jlif J:l:iflli19f )J( 1~ ~ tlliflJ Jll ,. <x "l illl ~:/! et.g;-f!J!il .\\\ Rr ' fl< ;kJ x ~ Ji!i tt Ill 1'!$ 'i!l:
tt. !m Ill 7. 14 J'Jf if,. tl"l IA #.-lt J'I' ilif a'J l!!:.!;:, iiT mIll< $ill tt, JCl-!'ltl'I' ilif ~ iil'l!l:;!;'dl!ilif !R B 1$
rilifl!I c.
'.itilT'll! n ,Ill "11i!1"1<$ll! tt:lll Hi 'f 1'1jf!Jl! iiii lilil!li!!l!!r w at ?.illllf T 'Ii'!!' :I:! mPl Ii!i\a'J 'I'
llU lilf l<<l'~ t'i'!lll Jl' iJTFoil! Ill !Ii~ , xtl!ii!!l ~!M:, ?.illllf '!i'li' :I:! ~J BJ. f!!ISj ?);;Pf.tlliff! JllJ} /fL!ll !'l ii'
iFi ; ilif xt ii)!~i>lt , BL lM' Si#. ~i' !Ii!!! tt:ic JC it Mf<ir#l!!l , )'I;llil '. :E !Ji! tlJ l'! 1'E ilif lftl!i
ffil ;\) JX!I!. tll ;:u Ill I!!! Jllti< :le 'I! 'Ii' jJ Iii ofoJ t!!ti<
*'
*.
7. 4. 3
~~16ff:t.Je5J-~iil!iill. ~ieltt
i\'i;I;' JI! 'Ii'!!' n .)'l;'E: if!ii!t '<mf-!J' 1'1'1111U , J!d:if 1'1 (7 .. 14) ifli <i. 4. ls> !Y:1.i:z !!!
V
KK,,, dPo
ax
(7. 4, 241
KK..., ap.,
,, iJx
(7. 4. 25)
p,(s)
(7.4.26)
o
= _
p,,.. - p0
;ccc
1l!s!: <1. 4. 24 l iffi <1. 4. zs >JJ-~U~U 7J< iffi Ill! a'J !M:JllFn1'1! !II;, J!Hl!
ir !S_o:. .... (V .... ir w) !f:.~C = KKmrw, J(Po - Pw)
"' Po
....
14.,
a.x
(7. 4. 27)
J:sl:i"iitll!l<i!J K.! 14+ K / . .#"; - ,/ ,,
f ,(.<) ~
f ~ (s )
S!sl:(7. 4, 27)1lJ'i'l:'JJlli;
K.,(,)
K.,(s)
+ K.<>!'
_ ...J<:.(>JK.. C<l
-
pK...,(s)
+ K,,,.(s)'
(7.4.28)
326
v"'
~ J:'?!: f"tA>l: <7.
~ 1'(1Jf
"'
+Kl (s) ap, as
(s)
(7. 4. 29)
as ax
,,,
4. 12 J , li~'flt!!W l.t s il'J::: ~t4' 11iet'.1:111lif&Jll'l :Ir~
~ ~ + ~[ V(t)fw(s) + !1" (s)

0
J!, ;;]
(7. 4. 30)
1'E !i\ltlttlL T'M~:lr~R flliJllir'Ni'\ilJ'lli>I, !mt~ llt~n rtlf1l1, 1'E x~ o /i', t'l"f i!ti $ll:fl" !!It
-fr~1J 1J il'J !lHll71<i'U 'f il'l 111111 lill PJilt!!i'U. 1'E t ~ o Ml<ili11'1 , J!'f111 !it folc1E7J<iill !E::IJ 1'1 'fl ill' ::IJ fF J1l
r !f "'1 !itiilJ ,.~ti li! 111>1,!H'f:%
:tf t = 0 H:f' 1.r < 0 ~ s = 1 ix> 0 9J; s = 0
111i 0
t!:'.t > 0 lt:t:x-- = s = l1x-= 9.1; s =

955 l Xf il:f'!'ill'llL!IHB 1-11!fPJ ttlll>I. l'li'?l: c7. !. 1sl1l
(7. 4. 31)
pJs) ~ J(s),,cos& ./fTK

~ J:i!: f1:A c7.
(7. 4. 32)
4. so J , jiijJ!! l'fili!IJ.( ./ '"'"'o ./Kil, #4'

b' ~ , ./fTK
(7. 4. 33)
a11cose
(7. 4. 34)
F(s)
N~
ff
0 (s)J
(s)ds,
fo(s)J' (s) as = -
ax
f1F -b2
Jxi
as
JF
ax
--~[V(t)f (s)J~o
ax
(Jt,
b~{I'"
(7. 4. 35)
(7. 4. 36)
'!\' ,({!il'Jt!if ilti!!l! v Ctl lO /T Jilt& It , RP 1l

l'Ct) ~ D//T
;!; 'I' , D !! 11' tt , Jlti J: ~ flil J!ll ~ !! *ll 11l tt l'iil l!iL .Ill..~ , fF 'ii. ]!: ilJ': !! 'I\' ~ , 4' I ~ x !
(7. 4. 37)
lb't , Jlti ;;\
(7. 4. 36)it;)g
(7. 4. 38)
,_oo,s=O;
~--=,s=l
(7. 4. 39)
ll1\1'E!!'l'Eli!f!Hl'd'fC7. 4. 39) r;li::lrl!!<7. 4. 3Blil'J11!1~ttll!I'. 4'

D
a=-
b;
d'F(,)
dS'
+ [I2<- af' ,(.>) ]d'

di~ O
(7. 4. 40)
(7. 4. 41)
7. 4 ;~ *-"'i "" if' ;Jt

-- ------
327
...............
i!Hl}-.;lJ\ilJi:. M s-o Jilt s-1 111%, OJ; '!I( K.,(>JK Cs Jcf\l J Cs JllJ l!i'IWl!l\l<;f, Jilt
K ..,(s) = s",
s)~,J(s)
Ko,(s)""' (1
(;.~-~
(7. 4. 42)
;!t r. P@:tE 0-1 Z 1\(1,
ill>tC7. 4. 28).(7. 4. 35)cf\1(7. 4. 42)1')j1J,
.X;J s---... O,
F(s)
D 1s"1
X<J ~ ...... 1,F(s) '":" D 2 (l
(7. 4. 43)
s)"i
(/) :Jf(, ill i\ (7. 4. 28) fll ( 7. 4. 42l1!;< JJl if ti>
Jt 'i' . D, fll D, Jll,j :J\11(. n, fll n, Jl',j;:f I

0 fll s-1 fi!Jfl$]ff
}'' .,(s) _..,.. O, f~ .(s) ~ O.
, x& s-
(7. 4. 44)
i:kntt'i !: OJ'Jl',5f.:il rJ> :I;, ITTU;lflll C7. 4. 4 !l llJ lt;\J
d!c~rs"')+~~'=o.
d'[D,~r;- >!" J +
~t$-+o
f d(ldr
.>)
= O.
<7.4.45)
X~ '
- I
(7. 4. 46!
'" #! :!r Ill tE'l' ~ llt1 Jt W*i'f T J1tij11 i!trlfr rtJ fl; 1111i!lll:Jikf! !Ji. ~J , ill: I!!. tE fl< Ill !'Ji' li'f 'I\: ~J fiil II 'f ,
iE r ii'l:ll<-1f'6l@: t= ' <<oJltl: ,-o, iE r<<. 11: = o. iE r=,<>oJ~b-). <r r><, l1 ,=
L .l'Jf IC< , 1E !: = ;, fll I=;, ~!fi, s fll 1 - , 1iJJt ~UijJilt!llJTl!i'i\ iJ !!!fl:,
s = a~1CA1
~)"'t[l + au(..1 1 - ~) + a21 (A 1 - ~) + ... ]
(7, 4. 47)
1
l - s
aorCA2 ~ ')"'i[l
+ a1;(Az
')
+ a~t(A.i -
t)i
+ ""]
(7. 4. 48)
Jt'f , r.i~ m, (i = J , 2) ciJ ill tlll i 1'11 iJ iE ijlji!trlfr!d:lil i r~ li'JJiiijljlf!f =ll !iltt-*i'f llll IE. i!'Jim,
7)(Jiiijljliiftfr=ll
'1 Iii' Jilt !!!. 'I'!
1;; <=.ill Jlt"\~I<=. f'Jl',1' I 1111%, \',6f

Vwbf
= bc1<A1 -
t)"'i[l
+ b11(A1
- ')
+ h21CA1
Jiie13 ' 7'1i\1 i!!.'lf.% rJ>t.
,)~ + ... J
(7.4. 49)
i!f Elli\ C7. 4. 29 l 'Ill <7. 4. 47 Jilt?<11 li'J '' ,_o !Rlf iJ V. 11!1-1'.Al:'il:ti'lili. jf it$!(jjljJiil q, -p :E
'!!! 1iJ! ~J I~ 'I'! ,1iJ111
11t1=l/(n1
~J!llmi=l/(ni-1)
1),
(7.4.50)
*1!&'!ti\C7. 4. 47) fll <7. 4. 48 JJt ~Ll i~ A ;lflll <7. 4. 45 lcf\l (7. 4. 46 l IP 1iJ3f<il!i$:jjij !!!. fl: <P al il... fl:@:. 111'1C1. 4..18J tE*l'f <7. 4. 39) Tall111iJ Ill ~il!fRJt 31<11!. !t if~!t)l'. A, 'Ill A. ii! , Ell
A (7. 4. 47) fll (7, 4, 48) 31<111 Jltjjlj .Iii ~lli!i: li'J Jt 1' ' {I!:. ~Fn !ll 'l'!i1!i'J1JtliH fjiJjin, Adama l!1) l!i' j!!
i'Jl5t i\< 7. 4. 41 l M;i; Ii\! al ;, fll ;, 11!, 1iJill"1J Of' li\l li'Ji'Jl Jt Jllilil<. tJ!"' Jill AA <P , 11!1 Jl'.*i'f
(7.4.51)
J,o sdt"
iJ Ill <t :li?PJi Jt fiil l'll iJ Ill
c/Hli!cf\l !l!' ' li'J i# 1111i! lll::!\t
f'.'
(1 - s)dt' - Za
(7. 4. 52)
d.xi ~ b\(;)
dt '
2 fi
('/, 4, 53)
rilJ ;Ill Ii1111jjfJ;lj8'J i<ill 1'11l l'J Wl 1'f!fllli11J!!'Jt~Ll ;!;;
I
I
Idt11=2fi'
d.x
bA,
cl.xi
bA,
dt 1"""'2rt'
(7,4.54)
1'f lltB'iJt111'1', i:HtJI'. T 1'#1JY., itlllfit K .. ~>' .K.~ C1 +l (1-' l' ,J(,)
7 4 4
i!ii *R ii 1.1< l'iiJ Ii
xt'f tt#:f lei 8'J /*'If i"l , flJ 'f JLf<ilxt>Ftt, ft ill JU!illf J'l:'if i"J .l\i. ft '!'-1'1"\:!il<ttB'illiill
&:....1-~-,L:- + x
11]7. 1$ :I Ill E JllM iltii!J 18 tO:

:'ill% !SJ;!;, Jl1l I!! 7, 15 Jili';iii , lt op ,,/,\ A,B !t~Ll ;J;;tti< 1l'fll rillltt, lt.liAUt f'.11, a- I 4, it{;
A\ 'If i"l a - / 3 "" ill iB 8'J :' 'tit!J,lJ j; iilt !ii! , tt i< 'If E; 'lo i""lf iii ~!il!JlE"'. ill ii' 8'J l!<I it! . Jl1l JIU1l
i'iC"'. fll % ISIll: Pl 8'J iilt J;I; 'IF~?! T , llf1' iilt i11 :It li'li'i1 T ,
:l'i .ii\011\ 'Ii 'It fJ illll:IJ ,:f ~iii iilt ii'ill Iii! l*(J'; llJ Biiliit.. l!i ill ff l!l 1'111'1.lll
(7. 4, 55)
(7. 4. 55)
'lV,+ti
('/, 4. 5'/)
VV.+Q.+;~~o
(7. 4. 58)
;1; op Q j; Iii iC lW , '8 ifJ A ff [T ' l a<; :l:ll'l ,
Oo = ~[1
,Q,
'1 '.!ii JO\
- f.,(xllJ'11t)]O'(x -- Xp)O'(_v - Y11)
Q., = tn'h6(x)6(y)
~j',,
+ mh
,.(x11Yn1l)u(x - Xn)u(y -
(7. 4, 5.9)
y 11 )
(7,
4,
60)
Q, fl Q, Jt~Ll;!;ttA1l'ill'.tl"Jtiti1*.fRiilt!ll: ,J[I'. Q,>o ,Q,<O. a j; Dirac a ~IL Ill :ii1ttA'if

iiltA ~C::fll %tsl;l;ill '.t r'if h\ ~:"'.ill iB IKlll:iilt :J a<; iilt :I: R :1!11'!1! t-!lt!ll: (J';-l!llJt, Yi Iii Ill Jit
Q fl[!?itJ m l\1i; m', Xt.li.11.1J'f"! ,m~m' ~s, IQ, I ~Q,, it{;.11.1!'i"J .ii7J<#l!: Jl!'Er#linl
329
!'J\l!itil', m~'lf IQ, I= zQ,,,,,= 12 ,m' = 6 ,!f<!Ji!i1L

fJ!:(7. 4. 5S)Ej(7. 4. 36)fll(7. 4. 57)1;;(7. 4. 58)5l-*iJillblll!f
V
== K(Kq + K~) Vp
,,,
(7. 4. 61)
(7. 4. 62)
V V+Q,,+Q,=O
l!l;cp, V= V, +v .. !;!:< 7. 4, 59 )-(7. 4. 61) ftA <7. 4. 62l, 1lJl1!

'7 [
K( :~ +
:'J
\lp ] -
~hB(x ~ x 6 )i5(y
y/J)
;:;~sx&y =
(7. 4. 63)
f>\\7. 4. 56lil:11'.A<7. 4. 58l ,Jttt;t;!fiJl'\:C7. 4.18), .,Ji!;
-~-=-~-[f'(o)K(~:-+-~~.)\JP]\ls-!Q,,=o
('/,4.64)
ltii':ll!!fll Ill' jj-:lpOt Cf 1t A, B jl\j ,,\, >;( .t:lrlli! ( 7. 4. 63) "1 ( 7. 4. 64l;;t;l!!!lfj*5J<1111 !fi}J jj !j'j: p
(, Y .t) ffi ffi!ffi Jll'')j-:(fj li'J::lilli!!!L :lrlli! (7. 4. 63 )clibldill jj l& p il'Jllil l!ill re/ :Ii Ii 1!/l p {i'{ E Jli at, ~1j
:trll! (7. " 64l!l!>1'<1!'1<11!!"1 Ill' ,(,,. y ,I) it]= !lilt:1 ~ttt lllf)' :tr!!!. li!J'!.~i'f:l'\1'Elt Iii :co Iii JBll'J
c .\\\.tlli}J .i!''l't"1:11-'., IP
"P.I
=o
im '
s(x,y,t = 0)
(7. 4, 65)
so(x,.y)
(7. 4. 66)
:( !il 'l't!l::liii; 5!<1111.tiil' 1'"1 lil!flt, !\'lt!it ill K. (, l ,K.,(, l "1 J' (s) iJ'J i!i l&;lt:~ , i:!ifoi fil :Ir!!!
(7, 4. 63)"1 <7, 4. 65) BP 1lJ 111 Ill fil}J it 11! lit l!I; 11\ Ill' 2: JiJ Ill 'If ~:iDll; J!,11; !'; ll l <J 111 ii;i!J:ff eR1111.
1f T Jli1J lli'Ul Iii , fll :If ll! <7. 4. 64 l ;n (7. 4. 66 l IP ilJJJ<111111!! ;n Ill' ;411!. Jinlll 7. 4. 2 ll' Jjif JJ:,
JS: OJ lf11'fjif~li;i!J:fi5J<~.
7. 5 ill!~ Wi .ff! "1 ill!~*::::. .ff!~ ilfE
r"".
1'1!1Ell""3C l2 71<. 5\1'! lll:l!I; 'Et!oA:lf >\ 1f J'EB!ll:, :(f :Jf :Jti::l:li <P Jt!llli! iJI.}J jlj;i: *1
l!! 1?.flil Bi 11 ill;T'll!! ;n Bi}J st' elf Jl1; lltli!iW< i1li <P il'Jlifl1111"\iiiillf?t Ill tfj *. tfj lJi! iHl '"'\\\!iii! IB:. !ii'!!
Jt!llli! EE }J J!t-;p r '11 ' iHl ' "jl\j ill IB: ~ ilJf Jt :k ..~L'iL"' i1li Ell Jlll; i1li
ill mt iib l:l: rHf :it:If;!: fl;
"1 lifl ffl '1: 'llL Ill' 1111"\!JR it! JI' 61! 11\:11\:fr lll Ill * it! 3' ~"I: iJ'J ll; ttl!' Ire :l!'Jt!!ll!! <!' fill flt ll' 1f 1Jc11l
~ti j;J; #iilt iib JI\ ill! ' "' '
.jJj II; Iii(
"1-!ll!tt;lilJ11.. rilif itie .=.!ll!llimt. :r'!i'i!l::O.!lll$1fit i"1 ~ffliJ :trll!. ;<EJll 1. ' 3 ll' <P B""
.I!' Ill "1 T :Ifi! !\'Ill , Jli! 1'E:!ltllif ~ ill Jli1 r ,
* "'j!lj
*=
v[fii."PJ=k~(~:)
<1.s.D
(7. 5. 2)
(7. 5. 3J
'.l30
... "l'i!t#Ji.., "".,, 111 it~ ? ""~;,it,

-
79 llH!'I il!I "\ c~ .fE 3"; c1. 2. 7l IE 5<.. R.. 791iiillE>t!:llL T P.1K 9' if! tll il'J "\ 11'11':fR 5J 7J< il'Jf.t:
f!l.z t~ , NP"\ 11'1'E7J: 9' il'J ilf f!illl! . ~fiiU: , iE l!l l:Ji'tl! 9' , ~*1f r !ff, w il'J :tJ1 '1111!, li!!::ll!i1!1. 9.
l'i'l ti! ~llli il'J l'till<J 1rl!iL Jilf l!l i:!;!I! i>f l1> il'Ji1!1. 9.. Jj(~fll ~lit 1l!ii' T 1Jli "'( l"ittl!j llli f~ l!li,
00\m~ .t ,111!1. c7. s. 1l - C7. s. 3>If Jl: l!lfll ll!1rllii.fl1'B'!!'.iJ1r!'il. 1\1: iiJ1'E -Jl'. il'JiZ!J'l'~i'F.fll
1n iii~!'!' T J!tfr :;J1 ll'I - !RlJ! R fill Ill it U!i':.711' J!tfr ;Jt li'I ~ !!I :;J1 fll .lt!"'II! il'J ll'l.\1Tll'l:ill 1~ fll
:)I; 9'. K
*,
Jitil'J'
"" 20 ttt;c so '!'it, 1f@lilf 'i'l:fl' l!l l!l f :.71t5Cr:.7!'ilJJtfi Y it. fl!! ff1Jl'. .S<. -1'J>Uli.!J
K
(7, s. 4)
mcp>
dm-
I ,,,8,ap
K
(7. 5, 5)
dp = ]J;
(7. 5. 6)
Jf 1!1 ilt ;z@ lt1il: tE '!! 1'1 !l!J!J oi 1t ;ff; il'J , up

'iJ R.,o = 'V Rt'>
\JR~,. =
(1. 5. 7)
(7, 5. 8)
(7. 5. 9)
(7. 5. 10)
(7.5.lll
:ilfl'~(7.
5. 8l-C7. 5. lll1'i:A:.7llii<7. 5. D-C7. 5. 3l ,11}'11'!'.'!!'.!J .mHi
'I [, ,,B"
K, ) - "'-( '") ~P + ,!'.('")as,
ap Bo.
dso Bo at
..&_'l'P+
'IP 'I(..&.)"(")iit>+
..'.('")"'
.,,B.,,
..,B.,
dp
B., dt
as., B., at
+ K,R,,) 'l'P + '7 p. '7 [!!c,_ + K,R, + 1!_,f5.,,J
11cB,,
ttwBw '
oBo
..B,,
I K, + K,R,
(7, $. 13)
~.!.[;I.'..+
(7 , S, 14 )
K. 'l'P
,B,,
'7 P,
iB~
Op
~3";(7.
i!l .ll
(7. 5. 12)
~Bo
, B~
s,R, + s,R,.) lap+,!'.[(.'..+ s,R, + ,,R,.) ]''

B~
B,.
di,
as"
B,
B0
B.,.
dt
5. 12). (7. 5. l 3lf!l (7, 5. lOjt~~Jli!Ll B,.B, .fl1 B, JfttlJJU ,~ !...~ K./ .. (m~o, w ,g)
7. 6
-
"''"n' ii':"' ,J<.!l!i '"" I?;;,!~

-
A,
c,
j>;
331
-----------~
~ ,\, + A.. + A, + ,\,R, ~: + A,.R,.

=
!!
(7.5.15J
.!. d T - [~dB"+ ~dB_,,+ !.. ~]
> dp
B, dp
B. dp
B, dp
+ ~ dR, + $,,,B, dR,.,

B, dp
B.
(7. 5. 16)
dp
(7.
s. :7l
(7, 5. 18)
\l p = 1 ~~~\J 1n.
~.
'V'P
p,B,'V'm
K,
?J: = ]f.~' t;,

+ 'Vm
'V
(-1
-)'
dm!dp
(7. 5.19)
{Elt jif Jtl!!; d' :li!;Ji'i. ilJ>l'f il: (7. 5. 18) f,jjl:;;!J
V zm
{;c,
(/1n
'
at
(7. 5. 20)
F ilHJ! 'liE, i!!!Ll\!'.i<.! A. "'lfUE1J m 11"', 1f!'it1';1'!J<tt, {EJIC!l!IW!lt f. ilJ!fI " l!l A. (f] 'l'n
iii 0011!-J!lJJiij);(i!'I, ;it{' m U Fu ilJl#oJl:l!H!i}J P, lt:f: J:tll'di'J lf!Jli}J m II! 6. 2 11' 9' ?Ji))/.
89 t !Ii :IJ JO ;t: "! EIJ
Serrn , Peres &. Reynolds Cl 99D) !I i4' !ill liif )\'.$!!'II'\ ~g ;'Ill"' 89jj\1t?t Iii ,
7. 6 ,j{) 11;1Ji it lit*~ iilu'i'.J il#J.lffl! m~;.

JJl ill iEl!'l~'!l; llF i1'J I!ll l'ilJ Ii! at . i1'J :li!<'lif"' ;it Ill Jl!. -)E fl'! !l!J!! ;It i1'J 11111'\C ,ilill 'lit 1r.: i'i 1r
!!: ,11111/i ;t;!!;; -'I&11!1lll1ll!l !li!J Jll! ~l!L ll'l!li:!r!!: i1'J tit l:i 1& :t . 'I' {l(JJI, *1& 11' ,oo R IJi 111 '!! !I! 1lJ a~
,\JU1!! Ii QI! ili rei Ii! it) ifil llltt ~ .\\\ J\HHl' R litl:tl< fill. :Jii;@<il fl! l\1 (r) Vii~ 'Ji< 'If re;!("" i1'J '!);Iii' f"l Ii! ha
um it. mf.t i1'J "'!l!i:i<ll!'Jli'l' "! !llll! li'JiJtll'. t iii IJHrJ mJl;-f'i1~ll!'lif 89 *:tr~, mAr at'lii
Jf 11: '/!I 1[:k i1'J I 11' I: , oo 1.M f'J l!!i l!l'lr !le !1'tt::!!> 'lt!C ffl 1'c B ~~ i1'J , ic'l:M~ !l!JJ "l" f~ Ii! fl at ;t: Ji!,
i!!.J!lJ Ill! ll!-i!!ll1 Ji; *Ill tic tt f91J !ill 1J' i1'J 1ll !!IJ11' ff'!!<!!! , 'Ii' 4!lJ Jll! -l!!lfU!!i '!Lt il!lll' ~ f'i' Ji;l'. ,11! :tt "l
?Jililf ),'.(J<J '!!<Fil< fJ ll!~'IJ( 111\r!!l i1'J ~t.1'1L1':'!\ , !I, Tlil 1\llIJ lllil!t il'J!I; Jl<. 4'1'1 flij 'lif P!I J fl '<''J<~ff i!IJ
891!1 Jll! IJ!Jf1 Tlil 'Ii' T -1' 9' iif 11 1li: 1flJ Iii il!\l't 'l!l 8'; 'Itiii#!ffi
~ll!I l);'lft i1'J ll! !\': ll!!iill JI,;\!! {l'Jlll! "' ;\!l{l:!Jll! >~ i'! ~;\II 11'1tt 1'i' , :I: il'J :fHlrl!l rr l lll! , VL& t1l
!!fl:ItIii"' :tf!ll:lt!licll' lilf 'ltlll ll!l lil: !l!l 89 *~ MJll! ii< l!Y a i'l1' !\ !!! , l!c '!); 11 .!!! ill 'It i1'J ~ !If jij; i:i
J!\lll !\!If. !IP 1'l"illl fil "'~ JJ<fil 9' ITT ill iilJ i:t!ll, JJ -l!c ~!! 1': '!'tic tt illJ "1f 1J> ITT ii\ !it, jij; ~ Jl!l!!I
j\lJ!.
332
'
;i;t1ffi.if11'1Qlitml'lnolv ?'"1~;m,
illii:lll! itii':illl 1- .~lit:Z i<l ill ii;tfl<J-i!llUt. B"1 t.I :f lt!i ll.XlliL~lit:fl<J A#:'ll'ttfll :$'!'it.
H! fi;t1!1! ii': Ji\' Ill 'f :i:''fLfr liJl 'f'l)<~g 1!11t!!J!JJllf1l' tti -!!!9il !II! fJ<J ;JC :l:ilil tl!J'; !II: <ill Mfl;ttfll ti-fi'J
11':1:, 11. rru 'I ~J itJ!!i -t-;;; 11Cz 1<1 Jll'rrl'f!J!:. l!ti'lt7'7J<~giill fJ<J +m1i;11t1r~1J. 4!f-1-;t;ll:!f'J 111ft .lltf>I:
::.\1-1- a. :l:'l'l?tilf!! t.I 1822 'f: Fou,iec !!! tti fJ<J lit!IHfiXttl!\Jlll::.\111'! Wiiri 'il'-1-ill M1!1m~ 'l'
a '!'i(fJ<J $ p ffi Buckingbm (1915) l/! tti fJ<J II )E1!1! lill>E , Jll'-;f fl<J Jilli}\ 1if ~'Iii!!(! 982).
7. 6. 1 jj;( l:it ~ ~ l!ll t'e; Ii lilll

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JJ! 'lf!lill!l'tiiUJJI it, ill {J/tt ~rJfi'lll 1', Tllif )f ~rJ;tlt.ifl jl:,(1';i)l.j'f, :lti<lJ ?tllifll II >Elli!, t!Jlf!?t
iii Ji!: 1f l'l\ ?tiff
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!iii p ffi m 'l\:;f,. Jli'J.jjjjl:,( oJ'll:JJ;tmT .ii! L, fll L. ?t*iJ :'!j/ lli\ll'lf!l .jj!l!'lffiXt fil'.fl<J ~!IE l"!l!'., Jlkll
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Cf. 1
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l
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( 7 b.
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2> iiiii!Jlllil:l iEWJ tll~~J!lli il'i 1- !i\%1! l<i iE ;jl)'i'Jll fJ<J ill f\!!3(;!i\. IE~ Vi:11'l' 'l' .;;;_;jl) ti It!
JiH!iiJI: !'< fll '11 Ill!'< !H ~ fJ<J Vi: l"I ffi ii'! it eF ll!. :ti Vi: 'ii}) 9' ill:!'<'IP, Jill ffi {1') ( iil;joJ! Vi: il' liJl \\( fil: at ['iij
3\'itfl<J 2 r'1fili'i'hill:1 , it<F'f 111~ vtt 'l' ~1111'<51 ;/pi1< Ji\'.!11 i1'J. !); ~_t. Vi: lllJ l!l:lt.iti Jt!l'l-4\ ~~
~mt!'< J;J< Cf Ill 11!! , llil ill iE ;jlJ ill ilJ1fJ<JVi:'ii})1ll>Jl >El! Jt {ii[ill iV. fJ<J , iii. iilJ tll M:@: i!il<Jli' J!!i 1- It 'I' lilf 1l
Mlitz,\\\ fJ<J mtl!fl<J ltil!ti lei , a
(7. 6. 2)
3l iii.I :ll Ill it( iilJ :iJ ffi Ml! lll J!!i 1- .1\ 11! 1E 11!1 !11 'i' raJ xf Ji\'.\\\ .t ii- 1'i :iJ "!' :fl!;fll !;!\"!':It Z l"rll fJ<J
ffi {!Jj3(;,!i, , 1'~ vtt11'1' 9' . iill11 tll ll!!J!llil'11Pll ffi'.11 'llt11'Jfiitt11'1!!1'11' ~ tt11' ""'If .:!J' "'ilii
!! JJ " ll. .'oJ z 1''*'fl'! !I! ti'. , lfl'iti'., &:!fa !i\ ~, l'L!ii(ti'. ;jllll!ti'. 'f ~>f ffi {!Jj fi'J It #113(; ii\
IIA?.Hfi~ a :if:ll 1Eitlt T lll 1- ii\ llCZ fiiJ it S>::!tfJ<J tt#1Llb~ Z!Fi JllO il!'-ff lif Ji:iZ 1lli
tt #11 !'e !'111* ii\ i.ll 1;n:1 ll. .\'!- >J< ;z '1' tt #1L~ !'1 l'll .\'lo w:m~ ::.\I Jt , Tlllf :id@ :flt!fll?t +fifll a >E:lfil.
!) !Ail''fl if fcif -1' l'iJ l!i! :!t'lfll A 1f mt fll ll! il!i 1- :Ir ilii fJ<J :t;; liE mt J! ~ fflJ !!! lit li)ill Ii! iii 1i
'i< l'iJ1lllJ! # ll. :J't!I!if YB 3'\ Jllf :II ~Hi! l'll :J'tffi xifl<J :k '1, tE !lie ll' 11 "!' 'l' ,l:l: 1if 'i<J! .~tll!ili!f 1" ti'. ,
mt lit fll at fiij ;;!:.=,1-lliJ!>: fJ<J l'iJ !!Ii tt , 1 ie '11 Ill~ ll' 9' ili1' ill Itl:l: - J!>:!fj!Jl!ll :I: lllf Jl; B 11'1 Jll! :l:fF
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ill 'it, '!i lilt MIL'. 'B {IJ)f ~LJjjj::'!j/J!!l!'.fll !I! il!'B'J:l:li'I '*1~!111. L, M, T f>i:~'f ill ~Vi: 'l' fJ<J iii;$:
:l:ilil .M'f iP'IJilll ~Vi:, ffiJ! Jm J: i!l!l!'.iti :l:ilil ,Ill e 'l\:;f, , B Ill lilf111 fl<Jli!f'!'lt f>l:~:!t!i'J li!f 'lic.
:llilil ?t i'f J! Ii( Fourier ~ tti fJ<J" IA'l'f lX 1111.l' "::.\I liX Jll! fJ<J l!.l:J!i!t , 'I\: J;'; l'IJ1!1!~ !J!tfJ<J
'*'
333
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JiJi.i:t l'V!l -11! :JC :!I! !Pl 111-it Z l\lJ 113C ,l\ 'li!i!; tli JiE ,:It ft.\\\ JI\ ,'1'i :!!!If J'L il'f 1' ,l\ !It '!'i'f '.!l' I: I'~ 8'J
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.l!:B'Jl& !'l .~. Jll,'.l>'f 'ILlll:ll'll:B'Jl& m,i!l'l:fll! iJl:!l<B'J!J( '1!1:k:k~Y', "l I:!\, :!l!!i'l?tlfi!Efl':)J;'E $
1'F Ill iil'
-1'~.E!!i:tll!~&B'J:'IC:l:!Pl:!l!B'JJ&l'lffiIT"'i!!~lli.
Zl IT JEii! n !El!! 'lilltt!!ll< Buckingham Ai:Jll!, lt.:Ai:i!!~li!PPr, jlT .... ~ i!!i:tlfil 'Ii ,, 1-iE
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l'f, ;It"' lij.- t-~l!!:ll! B'Jl& {j![;<J bJ Ill :It#< n -1 1',/J l1l! l:B'Jl& i1!
m~ n 1'~ J.!I! :!I! z l'iiJ
8'J iili '111 ,l( bj ilif it ~J n -k i':JCl:!Pll!lidll:z l'J 8'J ill l&* iii:' ;It"'' Jl;-i':JCl:il'Jl!l it:lt;;l: jg
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l!i!I: k'
Oil-""'.
f(a 1 ,a 1 ,a1 ,,a.) = 0
(7. 6. 3)
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8'J 3G lll: lfiJ!.I! il' n 'f!I :iK 8'J Jsl'I
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(7. 6. 4l
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7. 6. 3),
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tll JtJi\; 90 M'1iE 111:~ tt~tl:
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i!l1'-1- m\lll' IP ftu ll! il!f1- .II !IC 9' ~l fu i!!H Ill 8'J JC Ji! !flJ 'f!ll!;;t f!l l"i ,J<t@ ~ 8'J xi: !Pl ,l\ llEJiJi.
:$l&tll ~, ITTIJ fip;j"f' 'If !It 3G tt!flJ~'l't8'J:l'l!0"' 1111"1,
!Y' "l Iii Iii ' .t ilif!Iii! ag Ii Ill 1lT ~ !fd!i'f\!.111 ll! ;Jt~ ~:)::.II 'l'I: , ;ii; ~ .t , Dacey "'~:it' !lt t!lJll,
$fl fl' @( 9' mt lilJ fJ'J-1'J!i'f~~Jii'it
it 201!!:! so 'Ff\;J:Ell!lli T -!'FIJfiW:ili'B'J ~~?ttiJIEllE1!o J!1l 1- .l\!ltz liil!'J ltJl'J:!:i:l\.
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J!( .~ il!f l!l1f !filJiV "J1llliiJ B'Jl!l'lJt , Ip liJl~ l'IJIJfliWB'J ~tf;l3" :!\.
~3!1iillliti* 111!14'1'!lili! r'l ll' v~ !l'l- r, Jtfl'ill! :ll!B'Jtti*.
I l ~ 'il' :JC t!i'l111M'll':!It1f :lt!ll * olfi;fll Jsll! ltti Cti!l!il: *!ff l i!!f l'i':lf Ii< , i! il'f f'i'Js!I: 8'J 7"
li!\lll!Jl\-l!lB'J , f!!.X 'Ii 1l- I'! !'Ji!' !ii,. lll: !i'l?tlfi!1:1'111'!1'.YlJ ill ~11l' 1'Jl1l! i11filA'J <itll!IJslfil, fl! \Ill'!!!
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Ytl tli m:i, 'iilJ ill!u ll! 8'J"" llil }Sil! ;fll }i! :l'l>'kf'I' Jm J!Uiif P lk1'1f ll! !i
2."' tli 8'J:JCt m!.!!it tt Jiit'T
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tm mitt"',;; ~.x:ic:r.:t"l , wJsw* ti!I: ~at lli !!ll B'J q;,m"" liJflll1!o lli _,,."' 1' 8'J x:tm
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fill il!Vt n 1-:!it<t *ll! ii:'. 'I?: fll Z fiiJ 61 :iGl:!i'l !il'ir , B~!\!% 1l' ~fill!! il'J!li JI!, i!i.!ll:IJlll:frilil!;iJ1,Jl!i
P~ lit l"ll'k~ nre :ll 11: 'I' l!-Jfl! 111lltlllt x !ii: mm 'il':~fi T JE 111 ;;;m :1J111:fr iii ii; tr J\o!;IZ t :1J111
:<f: !\lit 111! , ~!.I Iii ffi*iil'l';ltl ftl~'l!t. !ti! ITTi iltfT JI< 1'1 ,
3) x Jt Ill ~f'i':llm. ?Ji 1l' w
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lit< ap fti#i:
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.11JWI! 61 !'l! IE 'l'i!i.fl'J Jl!!M:X't'li:'!l<F>if. fiiJ Jl!l, ll#i;ltl fl;( "''ll:!i!:W Ei''ll:!il: ~r, ill i\l ill iJ<J *1lit1$ 'li:.R
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1'"1ffi1Lli> J!'.W Ut;lfil 1l'A ll! iJ<J ti' Ill
o!! tE Jl;l!!itllllL 1 ~ nU~i'l:it Ill -1-,e'il! !"" lll' il'Jlll!ll!itfo~ 1lil'Jffi i~l$'li:Jil11! l!lJ jj11i JiL .R
lllli!! Jl! 1' 'I tll # ifhll:itlll lll <Hl! Xii Iii -'1! tt'll! il'lm M4"'1i: , i!l ?.!; , l! 4'! It' 'Ill 'li:Jl! li> i.: iJ<J iii
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11', Jii:;Ia jij;t\ &!i171<1l'iiZ 'f .\\\ A (x = o, y- o) ,
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n llll '11'1:1 l!klllii!il il'1 ,
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3l Ji!! Ii! Jli!i) ftltoflP\i' if'. fi'J , 1lJ $1 WI! llt1J 1
4 l li!! f7! Oil il> 11' IJ!tfll VI: I* Jl!il!i PT ffi !II iJ<J '
5) Jl>:!il .fll '1!JR iili i!l 1'11 If: tE ::VI:"" il't iJ " !!) ' VI: ji!;fli If( i\lf,\> Of' 'JI:
t.i T Ir lB ;t>;ltl il'Jl!m11 Tllif lt'!'I ili 7.l<llll iili !#!iii 61%l!!::IJ1'1!!!, <'Elil 7. 4. 4 11' 'I' :IJ1'1!1!1ililili
t'1t !ll :e 'If 1J mu 11~!!1!'t:1Jll: ,
*illl
*illl
a;( rt;.~~)+ a~( p~~Q :Q)
J(p1so>
~ Q,,
..'!.IP,K.ap.)+L(PK,ap.)-"(p,<,)
d.r\
11-w
a.Y.
J.T,
,r~~
at
Jy
= 0
(7. 6. 5)
_Q.~o
(7.6.6)
1't 'I' , Tlii' ". w :fr~U <1 liii' 'f iJil;ltlflJ 7.Kli, lli!tE Jli!J!IUI.11. jf i"l (ton; 61 ll!l:frz - , Iii U'il': <7. 4. 59 l
fU ( 7. 4. 60) cpl!) m flJ m' J~"!' 4, 1111'
P4~e[1
CJo
Q...,
- f .. <xaJ.'nt)]O(:t'
xE)O'(y -
p4~PB(.r)8(y) + f'~~'f.,,(.xs.)'Bt)(x -
(7. 6. 7)
J'B)
XB)B(y -
Ye)
(7, 6. 8)
:ft'!' ,f, Jl!iJ.K!J?l'Vit:!il: ,,11, B Jl!tlE:JrJ!';fj" J:l!i ,f.\

:fit~ ;l;'!!I ,
Po= Po1[l
Pw
Pw1[l
+ Co(Po c.,(p., -
Poi)]
Pw1)J
(7, 6. 9)
(7, 6. JO)
335
; = ,[1
+ c;(P
,.
(7. 6. ]1)
p.,J]
;!I; 'i' ,, HdE!llU\11:, r1'i< 1 X<J !ill 'j')l;/~~~:111:. liflfitlil(itft:tl;;?>r (!')I:.
i'liJi'O Jri'O '!','!! )J :IT1'ii

(7. 6. 12)
so-fs.,=1
Pc= Pw - Po=
i:11zCOS8
(7. 6.13)
/(KJ(s,..)
;t:l;rf:t ,J(s.,)Ji! Leverret J PEilt

\!.( .t 7 i':IT@ 1iT \!.( ;l1f ill p.. p s, " J:J.Jl. p,, p ; 7 1''.!!::!I:
ill JI. ;f;i'f' ,
(7. 6. 14)
p(x,y,t = 0) = p 1(::c,y),s.,,(x,y.t = 0)
*!jllim iim1111e1 ll!11il>R mu a11111.1t

1'i'iii If<
~ l\:Jll )Ijli?J-l1i'!li
= Sw;(x,y)
(7. 6.15)
ix ll! l1li ;j>#J il'J !k roui12 m11 m?T l1i'!li ft I!! rr l!tlll! !kill'
*1frm<1. 6. n-<1. 6. 13>ftA:ITm<1. 6. sii'IJ<1. 6. 6) ,Jt-9 6p.= p.-p.., .mnm

- 1 +, (6 p _ p I] i1.[K, ~(flf,.=/'.,)]+ f5.,, [J_(flf.::.=&l]'
dx A,
ax
/4, "
a:r:
0
_,
<
.,
+[I+ c (6p
- pl]
ow
il.[K, aCt:>p, - p,)J+ K,,
'Jy,
Oy
,,o
[~ p.)J'
ax
(c9 +c, ) ( So-s,,, ) "Y'l a(t>p.at- p.I
- [1
+ c,(llp. -
[I+ t.6p.J
p.J]
fin -
f.,)8(x - LJ8(y - LJ =
(7. 6. 16)
a:[!,: ac~;)]+ ~c.[a(~.)r
+(l +,"' I:> p.,. J ii_ay [K

D(AP.,) ]+ K.,.[a(llp.) ]'
~ a.v
14
a_..,
-
[1 +
- [!
as. , iit
(cw+ c,)llp.,, J .,..1
+ c,t.p,] ~f.,,,8(x -
(c.,,
+ c, l (s., -
a;,p,
s,.,) .,..1 ~
L)8(y - L)
- [I+ c,6p,.] ~~8(x)8(y) = 0
(7. 6.17)
;!I; 'i' .'!11 ''" ?T ~tj :0\7 lll !N lrll f!I Ji<t !llj: 7]< i'liJ ofO Jr, s, = I - s., 1' Ji!dllt>IE (!'))I 1'ii it f.1 (7. 6. 16 l
( 7. 6. 17 )fn (1. 6. 13 ):Ji' 3 1'1J@, Jll J:J. eitlilf' Ap., p, '!11 <w :Ji' 31' /i\';Jtf:,
~ fll!Jf 11! 'JG :!I: liiJit '!I i!J'"F:91J k :!l:liiJ ii: ,
:1111&! !l !ll!'
--
---------------------
336
P..n
b.p.
lhK
.,, .
~
1'1."'
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Pen
.,,
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J(- )I'
s.,
K, K
K,
K-. Wf = K-'
"'''
l'jl) =
p,
!hK
wrn
cEJJ:,
(J' =
K
h
(7.6. 18)
0 ,U.! 'I')
wru
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~~ li)t;\/ I'\! c& l$C Jl!~il\-# r il!l, Ji< 8'J ;j<g X>tilf i1i$. .I(,, l!ilr Leve"tt .T iil l/!1. I'~ (hK .,,/Q. l
N
J#K "'o,8,
&.
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~7r!'i!<7. 6.
16lflH7. 6. 17li'>JjljJ0JlUA
.,, hK,.' L 1 = hLi
Kwrn Q.,
Q
~u1f'll<1.
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338
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(7, 6. 26)
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(7.6.27)
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(7. 6. 28)
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(7. 6. 29)
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(7.6.30)
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(7.6.31)
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(7 6. 32) ffi (7, 6. 35) fl'1 f Wi P fll m ~ffllJi~- T 'J'i'tflJl?!'l:>;!l< 'l'i!U If: ll'J ($,(In)). ~ :\!''f tlli
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7 "'1 ft ill~$., ,, iii#) Ill';;; I> J
340
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7' 7. 1
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7. 7. 1. I
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+ p,,,swUw + p.s.Lt.) + (] -
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+ \7 (p,,h.V.) + \7 (p,h,V,JJ+ V (k,\7T) + q,

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(7, 7.1)
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6. 24)
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+ \!
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(7. 7. 2)
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ilJ ,
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?f,!Pfl
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- YoZ1)
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( 7. 7' 4)
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0
Y, -
P~IP
(7. 7. 6!
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(7. 7. 7)
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Yi= Ki<p.1')X1,
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(7. 7. 8)
(7, 7, 9)
;j.:1\'9'11l:fitiic s !i!5tii'W.
6J ill~;!<# i!O'!llll!ili # ,i; ~ ilJ 3il J'l-!i<1if' JJl! 'lit ffJ!tJ 1E hli illt;f itll'I- Cf i.!'I itfll i111W@ 'ii , IP
J.el
-o,ifI'I
=o.
(Jn illl'f.l:
(Jn I \tll'k.t;
C7 7 10>
fill:, r 3il!lfl!if ~ Jtll\!!l!Ji:, Wl ll!Ji<#;l!'tlttlE t- OAt it~ , ill!!:, ffi}J fVtmffi il!'Jllff :t!:iftlE ilJ ?f
'ffi' iilii !!Jr
7. 7. !. 2 ll!i2!;1/;i"\lli&i111;11;7t;;'f@!ll
!II:='.1'11"1i1J2 l1lJ $-J>;.:IJ Llr ,Lly, Llr, il!li1f*IJ\.:IJ LIV~ LlrLlyLlr, llt l'iil ;J;j~ at~ t.-, -
t,,
:jj;.p, Tj,~ n il<fftl'iiJ}l!lJ;:. ~tff:t1?til!l:!i!: P,lf JP-P.+,P,. ;lf@<7. 7. ll-(7. 7. 5)1\l~*'
:fr%,;:* ~u :I!
t[
~~ ~( p,,,s.,U .. + p,,s,,X 2(J 2 + Pas,,X 1CJ + p8s1Y,U

1
+ p~s~Y,U,) + (1
~) (pc,)RT]
- ll,[k 0,h,(",p, - Y,llzJ]+ b.,[k0 ,h,(b.,p, - Y,llzl]+ l>,[k,,h,(Ll,p, - Y,llz)]
+ ",[k.,h.(Ll,p. - Y.llz!]+ "[k~h.(Ll,p. - Y,llz)]+ Ll,[k.,h.(l>,p. -Y,llz)j

+ il,[~Kh 1 (~~P" - r.Az)]+ A.,.[klfl'h.,(D..,.pg - r~Llz)]+ A,.[krvhu(A,p1 - YsAz)]
- LI.I k,,Ll,TI - Ll,(k,,L>,T) - LI,( k,,L>,T)
(7. 7. 11)
f>V
Tta(
~p,,s.,,
+ Y,p,s Y,)
8
- <>.[k.,<6,p.
r.L>zll+ 6.[k.,(6,p. - r.L>zll+ Ll,[k.. c".P - r.L>zll
+ l>,[k.,Y,(6,p, Y,L>zJ]+ Ll,[k0 Y,(6,,p, - Y,llzl]+ Ll,[k.,Y,(L>,p, - Y,llz)]
-Q.,p.,
-Q~p~Y,
LIV
Tt8( 1'P<P,,X 1
+ Y,p,s,Yi)
(7, 7.12)
- LI, :k,,X,(L>,p, - Y,l>z)] + Ll,[k.,X,(1>,p, - Y,llz)] + LI, [k,,X, (6,p, - Y,llz)]

+ fix[kvlr 1 (D.1p. - r.Az)]+ D.y[k11 Y 1 C.6.Yp - Y1&)]+ A,[k 1 ,Y1(~p 1 - Y1Az)]
- Q,,p.,X1 - Qsp1 Y1
LIV
a,81 pp,s;K, I
0'1" 1
('/. 6. 13)
fl,[k,,X,(L> . P, . Y,llz) J + 6,[k.,X,(Ll,p,
Y,llz) J
+ Ll.~[k~.X2 <n~pb - Y.Llz) ] - Q"p.Xi

+ 6Y, = 1 - Y Y,.
(7, 7. 14)
(7.7.15)
1 -
t;1f@!li<7. 7.11)-(7. 7.15)9'

k..x=p.,.
k,~
t:.y!::.zKK,.,
ilx,,,
,,(m=o,w,g)
6yl>z
Ax K,,,
Q,,. = q.,AV
(m
(7. 7. 16)
o,w,g,L)
b.>:P = P.+f.,.K(P;+),,,K - P,-1,j,K)
+ P,-tiK(P, ... ,,,.K -
P.-),,,K)
II.I ::IJ '!'t'ID ::IJ"' tll<Jj(Jolll!

millfl !'!flt, ;lf@!ll 9' :!!';ii:!! (I<] 9 lf 5 1-'ltl:, RP p, T ,,.,,, jill X,. :)j; 1'::1: '1liJI Ill ti.:Ji!e5!'1:
11! iii lll: t\i ::IJ B 'Ill '#tlil! A
lt'l!lpgllli tli.~,J:(l, 7. !Ob), 1iJJjlf~ !ll!!lm: T jill X, ilVJ<miT,
7. 7' 1. 3
h0 = (X 1c11
+ X c ,)(T-T,)
2 1
he""'" Y 1c11 (T-T 1)
+ Y,ct,<T-T,.)
(7. 7.17a)
(7. 7. 17b)
iii Ill1" (I<] pg Ill u tli>l: ( ]. 7' 6) 1iJ '.Ej ~

U~h-p/p
:)j; 9' Y,, X, ii) Ill X,
1\!m , Jl:ffi ,, :lllB 'lll?lt'#t, Y, f!l "1: <7. 7. 6) !ll'tti ,,"ii) ITT A.
(7,7.18)
~-~~~
343
l!J Jl!: 'ID tli It iiJl :Ill Ill' LI' !iHJJ !Iii !!ill!' 'ill IE :IJ T lilli l!( 1t1l"1il! I!! :5t 1 Iii IF iii< (l<J l!l. i!Uli 'I:\: ,it< w
7.7
~Jll p, <X, Hff:.lf; p.
fi![J'l'>\( !. 2. 13b) "T"I /lt

fJo(T- T1)
Po(p,T,X1) = Po(X1)(1 -
+ Co(P- P1))
(7, 7. 19)
:It 'I' p, <x, l f\i ::!1 B 9il1 lit

p,Cp,T)
p,('I'l( 1
+ c,Cp -
P. = p/(f(['Z),Z = Y,Z,
p.,JI
(7. 7. 201
-+- (1 -- Y,)Z.,,
(7. 7. 21)
*'JXr
.z
;I; .p p.,Jl!l!!;fll !E!J J\UE!ii 151 T' T!>i\ ' ;fll ""' 5t
Ji\C ril!!l"l:;fll 'I<?&"\:'
m\ l!ll Ji\'; !I'. ., "I nit -1- 51 Ill :5t ff.; (fl 151 r ., <X, l ;fll -1- -'l !!ii !!'.ff')<: (fl Ill r ., CTl (fl iii<! 1l\
IP
(7, 7. 22)
t-tu<1',X 1 ) = Jt..,(X 1 ).,(1')
;II; .P 151
r .ex, );(E X, ~x, l!j":)g !. o, 12; '11 X, (fl 'Jt ft!fl ilJ!jj!iit il ,llii"t::l!li'li!l!: p, ::!7
g = Y,11,
(1 - Y,)ga,
(7. 7. 23)
'!! 'i':IJ:fll:l!ii1<fll!il!lli 1'E!E:IJ ~ {f ;\jtt k. cF, li\1!"1! p./ .., jf, l!i ff t~'ll,\\il!'$ K ., !E
:IJ p. ;fll p, "T!fl!ilifi!E}J p il<if<f-J
Ptw
p,
P - p,.,.o,
+ p,.,
(7. 7. 24)
;II; cF p~,ifll p,~:5} ~IJ ::!7 7)( !W ;fll '1;- !iii 9 'Ii' :1J , 12; ff] '1f !I!! .;fll 11'. ll'J 'l\: {t !fl'$! jj!iit /:lj , !W :Ill (i<J j[J Xfl,\\
i1! $"TE nit

K"' = (K..,..
+ K.,,)(Kop +Kw)
- K"' - Kv
<.7. 7. 25)
**'I ::!711<:1!1 'il! "l::l!I (i<J:l!I J<;J'l,\\i1!$,

::!7$
0\ !If .Pli!l tilf
* '*' !I!"'**itr !iii "'il'i:l!I :11!If"'illl :l!IJ<tl,\\ill'"-. -e: i11 fl'l il!ii' II!!*~ 11'.ll'J 'll:1t"Tm 'II! m
K,.,;fll K~ :5t~tl
:)f;cp, K .. ;fll K.
lll: 'ill
!it Ill
(i<J
7)( )Ji.j:j!j
(i<J
7. 7. 2 ~5} 7J ~ tll. llll Iii jl;JU: JI
xt +<~ !il! tt 11< :5t :Ir <11 fl'l llt {I!'!!< it"':5t'll! :l1i
"'*m *
*"'
.11.:tt >\ll' Ji l\f!.l't

ir+ 1t Ji: ll'J
ltl1';!1;.3l 'l<:llt~(i<J, li!.'ii:JI> l'tJ!lli~ i lli:'ltfE n+ 1 B1 filJ Ji! .tll'J {!!!fl :l!l~V'L'lt n lltlilJ Ji! .t (i<J
{l!.11. i( ii< m~ !Ji!li!lf!'i.8: -tj-jil:l'): f\U ill! , fE! ff Bt '.1' ltJE l\f!.i(JI> >\:;Ii\ Iii J!11 :!\ n + 1 Bt lilJ Ji! .t (i<J it
001ll~'{\i.li/: l".51'i'f1' n+ I BJlilJ Ji! !: ( ifll n BtlilJl.i! J:.l{il\f!. 11-'ll!m , i.!rfJl:il!',lf!'~:)g .!:"11, f!llt
l ttl'J:!lf 1'JIU!! 5!i l\f!.>\ ll'J 'll! m:If it; 911 ~~~ !l: ~ l!l! tt !llt xt ltiE tt1!! ;ii: iii:!i!!i (l<J :l!:t Ill >'iJ. l't
~jj\;
7. 7. 2. 1 :lil.!i!ti:J<LE)f.J~;\'.Jltl!I!
~ tE Ill I!< f!i i <J 111 l'ciJ Ji! n + 1 .t'll: ii ilJ!:ii;l't , ;(EJ:!lft l& 1\ll( tl iliJ ,i.8: !ti' fir 111 llll l.i! .t fl'J 'It {I! l!!;K
9il1 ll'J l'Elt:!Ji:J:<l] j'l!j"fij n+ 1 fl'] 'Jl:jl:{i illl Jll 1': ff]t Ji( J:!it\:fi![ifr{I!.(,
~flJ~:lfj1j\(7.1. llJ-(7. J. J5)JllBffilJtli:5}8p.a7'.8,.,8,, ;fll SX, !iJf. i;(!flj)-1 H'J!Jt
:11t:1rm <7. 1. 131 ::!7fl1J :ltti' ~~ llJf\i~nT lilf,
8(.Pp suX1 + tfp1sll'1)
0
+ X1.+1(sa.(~+1/JP0 + Pon~<fi)"+ (rfipo)n+1(3s., +Os~))

+ (rfip sg).O'i\ + Y1.+1Cs~.<ii.+18P.- + fgn3f,) + (rfip,).+18sg)
= (<f>pQso).8X1
1
(7. 7. 26)
344
Jfj\lnl(jj:1' J!!lf fi;,
l!jlJi:jifll;'f ilp,,8p"8 I~
Jp,,
Op,= f!Tor
8Y, lll*~Jit o'T ,i!X, ~ ilp ~il<!l!rF,
,-Jp6 X
,JX
(J
,L
a + tlpn
ap p + f'o -
Pr;.
-'~'.(T'
OJ
T)o
3
P'<X'l
X)
l"
JXl
(7.7.27)
"('-'
Jp }' - P. J
Jl: '!', t !ti L I< i!<L -17'""f~ill. 'fL!li(ti'lili >'\ (L 3. 18 l !fr tlJ , )lll:jif c,1ci1" tit '" ITTIJ"'
ii~
l,c/!p
OY1 = X1"
(7.7.28)
~;,1 6/' + X,, ~ 1 ap + K1"+1BX1

3
JK, 7.,
+ X "< K ' K
UT ( Z&i:"J' + Jpa1>
(ff'u'
dp up+ f't,;r P~o
1 -
!.'
upg-
'I'
1
1_
.> - dK
ap Cp - p,>
1" -
(7, 7. 29)
(7.7.30)
:Jif,to. 7. 21!-<7. 1. 30JftA;tc7. 1. 26J,f~i;IJ

(}(<f>pos 0 X1
= '1r
jlj:jif Ml.llt1J!'1 (1.
+ </>p$s~Y1)
+ Co1aT + c,20s~ + C138s,, + C348'X1 + C1,8P
(7.7.31)
7. 11) ti'it! !!A~ -Jllf :J\Jf!lJ l!!lf
IJ(,Ppws~[I.,)
= (J,., 0 + 1 (;(~fJwSw) J.. (p.,.1J.,),Q[T.,,
"
Jp,8P +'if'
ap,lfT! + p.,0 7,C,
" iiP>
+ S..,n(r"+l
;fj:;
""
= V,.,,~1((w,.)"+10Sw
+ (fp,.i.( '~''!' - a( p ~P.m II
(7. 7. 32)
f!l 'i!:ft1FIJ1ll1':Jif 111'1c1. 1. 1D - c1. 1. 1slti'ii!~4!-Jllf i!!lf , PT'll\J!I! 6'l
'
LE= ~c. 1 1"',
7. 7. 2. 2
i = 1,2, .. ,5
(7. 7. 33)
;/;!i:l;~j(REJMJJll!;'t;!ti,l!l!
&1:111Jll!C7. 7.12)"(7. 7.14):f.i@m13'<f~t!li:Jllffll!O(j[Jllf, llllt1fll!(7. 7.11).fi@ml{'lifjm

L 11<!:!\Jllf <J!Jt!:!\Jtl!ltilf J, !i;'!l!'ilt O~ dE.!J f'f 11< *Ji( k. op i'il'fi<J PVT I; jm p,/ .,, p,/ ,, !} jl)f!,
r,, r, Ill ill!il:l1Jl1 ll"'1 '1' :k:. l1l !it!ll:jlj ;;111J!I!! " Ht rLll ll! L ill'iltn< p, Ill L ili'fi' 5t fi<J f!I. .p,, r,, r,
Ill tff 11ll4' JtL 'f!4J f!I., 'f Ti!iM j;.til( 5} ZIJJ11'fj j(C.@
1l mtI::lii.119' MJ>1ilitim i;; 1lll! c7. 7. 13! .ti~JJI! 1 JlJf ;i; 011 l~ !liJ!C.!!!! 'faJ
(ko,X1 (t:..,,p -.. r.,ill) ), -1
= (ko~Xi (!:..,,,,p - Y,llz).
+ (A,P"-1
- Yo6.z)(ko,,.OX1
Bk~"= :._y_i~:::K(K"'
!:l:x:
(kox).X,"!:::."!Jp
f'n
A,, ,
aK,,.as.,
dsw
+ X1.+18ko,J
(7.7.34)
(7. '/, 35)
JK,,..OsR)
Js~
{g xtrt;ii!t4( K.!'!;il!! tff Lili'i:4'7Cfi<J l!!fll ti'f!I. lt:lf:, 11lrm L'i'!: op J,, i'll J,,
fii;;;t f!J t i!J14' 7"FIJ f!I.,
L ill'i* :IC opiJtL ioJ ill 6.P'' -Y& i<t.fJ'tl<)'E, PJf !!A K.,,fll k,.,1' llU-1' ~11\iJ ffe!k Pl :f 111J (l'JXJ;f'\; IX Ji(
345
k.,1 1 (6zp, - Y,&). 11

(ks,Y1(ilxP8
Ys.ll)).
+ A,p,"""ti
(i::.,P"-1
t:.,Bp,~ 0 )
(k.,nY1.,(A%8r
+ 1r 1 .+ 1 0k~ 1 )
- Y~Az) (k~,,.3Y 1
(7. 7. 36)
(7. 7. 37)
(7. 7. 381
k~."#1
aK . /Js~ #J __I:: WJ.f*Jt:9=1~f0!Jf:. _/~~'9;1Jft:/f (.l] fh t:.p,,+Ap,~,- Yu& (fJ i'T%!R,:~,

O'Y1"""" K1._,.,X,,_, - K 1.X1.
K1.+18X1
2) llli;';!l!'l'!'Jil;liil!lll! V)i12:11!:nl'i1(7. 7.
+ <K1.+1
lll:/11li~li!
- K,.)X,.
(7. 7. 39)
1 JJ[Ygf!'J,:ll'J:i!l'J;l<9'7e"\1*till.
'ill ~tl
(kox<X1Cp1
+ X2Cp2) (T ---- T,) CAxP --- YoAz) ).+
(k 0 ~(XtCp 1
+ )(,Cp;)(T- T,)(t:.Tp-
Y0 &:)).
+ koz~CX1cp1 Xicti).(1' -- T,) !::.%8p

+ (Llxft+I - )'0Az)(k,,.n(X1.<p1 + X1"Cpz)O/'
+
+ .\"i'p 2 ).~ 1 ('T - T,).+ ?Jk0;:)
0
(X1cp1
l7.7.40J
:/ii l: i!l'1* :iC9'1l "\1*mt lliJ Wtl Ill\ llii fl P" "" i'riI,11.1!r!i!it T. 'f J!;1f
Cko,,(X1<p1
+ Xirp~)(7' -1',)(AxP- Y".:ll)>.+1
= (kQ" ( ){1Cp1
(X1Cp1
-+-
X2Cp2)
(7' - T,) (/::,.zp -
+ X2cr2).(T -
/"~r)_)
(7. 7. 41)
Y"!:l!?;)Okox
C7. 7. 42)
T,.),_ 1/3(k,11(6."p
OCkrxCt:.,p ~ r"~) = kur.AxOP
'!!;(!.
Y0 fu) ),.
+ (t::.xP.-1
7. 42J9'fi'J 8ko.EIJ>i:(7. 1. 1sliitlB .otc1. 7. 40J9'fi'J 8k,,'JttT'!!;itJll:

Olbtl,"""' !:.y:::.ZK(
p,,)
aK""b's.,
ru ,,~as ..
3) f!!!1l'!iC7. 7. 11J9'91J'l'll.\lJli VJlllr!l!::1J@(7. 7. lll'l';/d!llfl 7 JJ[;lyf!'J
('7. 7. 43)
(7, 7. 44)
tE tot 9' .1\':jf EIJ"'(f*. mud, ~o' <f;JG l'l Eli"\1*. mr d,~ 1.
J ill! iClJli e<J1t:teJd:1!!! u Jl\'tilll JR.fi)' o *'tr ;1y i!'J Ill iE -1-'tf' Ill Jiit P1 .i~ -1-l&
*ill' mJ; p,,. !Ii! 'II' it Ji: lti "'J 'tr* r :111: '~ o1&'ll' E1J * iili Bi 11 1"iitJ11:1<>>'IJ E1J *it Bi;IJ fl!( rill
A(J'Ji&~BifJ p,,. mrJ ll!'~ i.! o Jt b~i& Wm 7JT (1'J r lB illliJ i1ii ,il'f- o ;IH.iiill!JL iiJIJ I.'!. mrJJt<'li'
rlll 'll'l!lll!f Jl. mmt:iltf!l ffi;/Jllil"'. r t Q.
Fiiilllt1f ~; T '*'>l': ,
'"tt
Q., = PJ).,,,,(p - p.,"),
1'll F (1'J lliist\!!;;J;.'i!; iiJ' '.!i' $:
w,o,g
(7. 7. IS)
346
(7. 7. 46)
Qa l
,.,,..
Q""
+ P!(Ag;,Jp +
P~") ~O's")
(P.+1 -
:ft'!' , l., ~ K,,/ , & !.. fi'J ~~Ill n Pj'fii] il! R'J ii!litJ!:, !117} I lift:lt/rifll ( 7. 7. 13 I flJEi fi'J il!(i[~
'!' i1! ~ p.. , p, Ill ,, atfiiJ Ill ll'Jii!lH Ji:, ilii
(QoX1).-1
(Q~Y1).+1 =
(Q,X1).
+ CQ.Y1)" + Q,,,O'Xi + Q~.OY1
+ Xi.-18Q., + Y1.+ 18Qs
(7. 7. 47)
5) filla:li'fl (7. 7. II) $ f!lla!lJiJliiC::tili ~ !!f P !~Ill n U1fii] Jl!{J![ if JI:. ti;f;' f'l Bl '1J$: :!;';
Ill l!l!!f Hffi olll!I! ,
(Q)t").+1 -1.. (QJt,.),.,._ 1
+ (Q~h~)+1=
(Q,h")"
(Q.,.h.,).
CQshg).
+ h,8Q, + h./JQ. + h,/JQ,

:ft'!' ,SQ" SQ, f!l
(Q,h,,)+l
irk I'!
ill i!; <1. 7. 4 6J ~ tlL

(Q,.hW)+I +- <Q.h.)-l
BQ,
<Q.h,J,
+ <Q.h,J, +
<Q,h,J,
(7. 7. 48)
rll "C14', Q, ~ O, t;'; Ill l!i\JlOil;J;Jtl:l!I! t.1
+ h."'aQ. + h_+,aQ. + Q. 3;rrr + Q_ ",;raT

(7.7,49)
3/;r =
~ j;
X_c 1 i !
'<zCrz
C;i
~~
C1 t
~,
/;; =
Cpw
(7. 7. GOJ
1i <7. 7. 111' ( 7. 7. 1G)B'illtl1'f7ii i'J ilt>i: Jtl:l!l!!il'lll:'ill:l!l!JEf 1if j~
'
RE=D1 + L]ti.Ck.ji'lF,)
i= 1,2, .. ,5
'
:z::; C,jf',
;;
= D, t
L'l"(k!':.,F)=
i = 1 'z' ... '5
(7. 7. 52)
+ A, (kA,F) + /},, (k6,F)
(7. 7. 53)
I] A(k,-,.:lf',)'
ACkAFl ~ AJkA,F)
(7. 7. Sil
k.+f. 1 ,_.(F,+ 1 .,,,
F,,J.)
- k; f,,,1(F,o).1 - F.-1.,.1)
(7,
7. 54)
IEJi1'1il!<7. 1. s211i[tJ$ F,,ip s t-~Jli:B'r,s,,,s,.,ax, ;f!I ap.
7. 7. 3
1.i tJ1 !II A9111!l I!
*ffl
I~ ft/.!', it ff *1J'fitJ!:fi'Jtl.>i!. tt.
fl: =';pjj!f lf'"'*'J Jtl:JlJL

!11-#!!llf' ,,> O,,,><'. Jnritr 1Jfi21!, Ill .!l!X1ill:>Yi1!iiil!i\l!f li;J;Jtl:lll! , /r1!1 (7. 7. 52) '!' k,,
~ O Ci~ !. 2, "" 5). J;.( /rif!l 'l' c,, ;lg j,f,Xt/rll!lij,J!ljlilijjif ff ~Jllil~ JC~ <':'1:1( '" ~!/i;~. !I; Ji!
'llrF 4 t-/rif!I i ~ 2. s ,4, s ru ' 1-*'lll'll: II: &,, a,., ax, ;f!I sp,
M.:::#11~ ' - o,,,>o, BP 'l''!f l'E 17:! IE"\ 14'. J! l!ll!ll!!f ft'll'"\ 1*lilf!l !!I: , llllllf1 plf~, ltlll!:
itill:~i!!iil!i\i!l flll;J;Af:'11!. xti.!;ptlllf' .k., ~ o c;-1 , 2, ... , 5>, R J!!lif !\\Iii!#!'" JIJJ!<>JJ c.,Ji'U,
k,, JIJ~~lj k,,JIJ ap Pj'. /Jif!l!i! <I'll! 5 1-Jf 'I' !!IT 111 4 1'/r!lilffi 4 1-*JllJl'll!: F, ~III" F, ~
/J.1!1!11<7. 7. 5211lJ J;.(
347
/Js~., F,
= 8};1 ,J<, = IJ p.
MO::lil'11* ;,>O .s.~o. 9Pi:t!!ltifJ!i. 7.Kffl:ffl'.1'L .ii~,,, ~o. 1ili:!t1"~ *~ k,, ~ 0
,.,, 1'U k,, !J;j>lj !lil
3 Jilj{i'[:i!:J:, :If~ ( 5) ;f)IJL {If 4 1-:lf ~jill 4
'*
t **1'li::llt F, ~ 8.,.F, "' /ff. F,
=8.\1,fi',,=lJp,,
tE Jil;'1<1jl' 15l T ,jlf ilf 9' 'f fl'.i>l:'I t,t $ !lif. mti x, ~ Y, ~ o, x, ~ J , }f J'il c3l1' Ill T , 'f Ji'd!t
4 1'1fl'il 4 1'5KJin'li::lll:o l'/i 1:) 14<4; IF.I (1'J !!!fl! !ftifl!i , H)'ilf :If !11f1J 'il::!ll:l)j(J.'Jll: 3 1',
7. 7. 4
tl\ t!il $1<: lill 8\Ht W
:If J'il Cl. 1. 1lJ 'I> il'J !!ll!l 91 !JI( Q, , Jl!. lll;Jil:tc=:!t fill Ill J: $Ulif jiU l' ii' ii! rfiJ 1llii! II!! ll\! 111'l' !!ll!l
91, tA J:il' l!ii!!\J!l 9'jlgfl1J , ') t\f JIPl' itJ!l:~J.!!. tl!J:l!!Jil'!Ji!j~)J, $11! x jiU y :If i<J il'J 111.\ , llJil'!
IE!il'J!:i\ i!''l' k.fl! t~!:i\ <pc, l ,Jt; :1J 11!'~. ~ti Jil'!r.! "'1 O<!:i\ilb\JJ T:lf l'il
(7, 7. 55)
:11111"1 Ill lii<lff"' .C.,,:frEl'J llll.ll:J!ill: 1~'11' il!l!l '.Ji [iljjif !ll: Jl\lfillill! lllillli&. 6% illl::I; 1 Iii
1-Bi"liiJ ff
:jt1l!iJI! il!U:l!! l!iil!illf, llfnl'l! c7. 7. 55 l il'Jllll.l'\ftl'\. ilf :jti~ fill\! r'l iJl\!f :fr*.
1'!if 1'Bj"[ii] Ji! t, 7f Jli1, 1f T(x y ,z ot,l El'J '.l:f)fl'l!, !eJJj;1'/f@il'Jjf; T ft bl/; T, fP T,, T,
1111 Ji! :If~ C7. 7. 55 l jiU PP l' ill J'I. !ft i'f jiU Wlit~ i'f ,
j;!: t
1"*.
T 1 (x,),Q,t) =T(:r,),O,t.)
t"<t<t.~-1
T 1 (x,.y,z,t,,) """'"'T(.r,y,z,t.)
(7,7.56)
r, :Ill IE :trill< 1. 1 ss Jil'U 9nl' l!J.!'1"1'!1'*' mli1'1H1' ,

T 2 (x,y,O,t)
1,
t.
<t
,-,_;::.
t.+ 1
Ti(x,_y,z,t.) = 0
('/, 7. b'()
111- t, JIJ 1,., Bi" riiJ !Iii' Pl , "'1J'I J:. i!llill'F'~ -1'J1!ll: /ff, J'tl!I J'i1 il'Jlfl t;
T(x,y,z,t.+ 1 ) = T 1 (.x,y,z,t,,+ 1 )
+T
2 (x,y,z,t,+ 1 )()J'
(7, 7. 58)
]tr JL :!ltrJf flfij li' IJ'J !'1llt!li!!!l!fLfll(friYi.PIJ'J1!1!11.:el!ii. '!:Ji! likl'f xt 1111\'Jjl!Ji! 'f 1111, IJ'J l!i
vlL !ll ?I.I lt11!i7f>:!!! ii': "11 !JH!! 1i 1*J> #'II' ill Ji!: ii. . l!!'i t!t J'I-J: illIii' lil:!ll i!ll '1'. fll IJ'J ;I.: l.!l l!Hf .'.it , f'ti
A* \If.~'. !JI lii1~11119; fll l!i!li.;!:.11. 1111' 'iitlli JI', illitJt T <I! IL Jt~.~U!l .X J'ti!l!IL ii! 'f .II.ill
ll!l'l lill VJ & Iii nRi~l!!"i' n1*li!f <f!f< ,g iZ.~iiltillli! IJ'J 1r5 'I' tt tt:lt JI'"" 7G'lit a3'1!1lit. u %11 'l!llit
!el!ff ti 1t lilt 1~ :J?;J,1*:. ji: t.i lili.!lt 1'11*:, ~fil 'J VJ ~i.3~frmt1t h1Z A :'k' ,-!l.'Jl!<Jjl.!~Rf/.;'l!/iil.fr
iYi , R~ lliiYi1*:.Pilt1lfLfll(. t!l:f Jli;;if, ~litl!t !ik!li. i*B'l iil!fl:'i! 1'1. 31.Ji!df( ii'B'l !11.iilliiilL MiZ.11<
fi"l!lt >Jr~ Jli''!ilitf)f 6 iJ'J WfQ)iL>l -1fL fllil)l, fBJ et JEX -t-l!ii!'i$ K, iZ. If ,:i:t '.tt"l'Jll li' ilil
, E; ll'.!!!I! 'fL litfr 1Yi!it3\: >l:~H jj) R'J , >!-~JiitfL fll(- ~iit"llifr iYi . G~ ;\I; !liJil: 'I' #tE 'I Iii\! 8'1*'1
l'l fLl'lil, 1". 03 fL !!it lt>!U iilill'"'1'lltil!Vi i!il: !9 fl, i'f JB>I!(, R "I' VJ & ~e'1H~ 111 .j~ fL l'lltiiiili tt'l\' F!i!lll :Wl
Ill JJt .1'.:11< 1r!!ltilJx1 fl !!!( "'1 '11 lt fr iE ii. -:i!' fl !!l(il 'IU i$ i1'i "'1 .fL l'li!Jl1o !Ii. flt;: 03 'l1lli fl: 2' l'l 'Iii
!if Jilt 1il. iii' e<J 'l !IL iilJ iilii!t , lt XZ lit !11 i!J IJ'J 1i< Ji!: l!!J 'l', l!!I s. L III 8. Hal l'!ii\ R\'I Ji' 'I' ff ii! -~flt;:
fi!(J'J!lf i!J :1Jtl)1 d'11 8. 1( b) """'" i'i! ite<J l!J! i81J! !!'.!Z. '
1!1:J'f J: fil<l!l11'11111lt'i11-4' Ii. <t. 20 1!trc 30 'l'f~
,L'.::;4?':;2'.:;71 VLJIE l/ilii! Jfil llL :ml, 11! ll'l 'IU l!! pg Jiri!jft i!lltliU Y ~ lttE
1-4-++-V I iJIJ "\ill!: ~Im t!lf;!i ~ll<"R Y ~""!ill! llftE'l'lllf ii! ll!!f El JQ
H--+-'+-,K AJf '.it ,#lJ !Ill ,$ 'tiJIJ fll O'J lit 'l'i IJIH'lt
.
.
L..l_L~L.:JV
(b)
(;-i)
~m'~~e<iliO!t!lllt~llifriYt.~rn.Pe<i'l!litilf
J.it5J-JilZj&:J? Jili19i~Jil:, 1!;19iJil: 'f't!!, fl' Iii\ If: fL[llj(,
~ rn"\
'll'~~m~~ff~ffLfll(>IU'l!l!if.P.
7f>: 1lf 'll'lilf Ji'.XZlll:fr iYi 'I' a~ ~iliL EE flit*. JJIJ i'lt
03 '1!1'1fr !lll'IU ~ O! ti' !\'<i*!'5 i!J A'il' Jl-% !if tt. 7f>:
141
lf
j(; T"' llft!i!:.\'11'ill 9; ill< 89 'fil1 !:!!! 'Ill l&-li'
m!!'.! Jli:1f\"' EE &ren bl.rt ' Zhelmc ' Kcxfona ( J 9' 0 ) itl ti1
f!i , Jltfil , W '"'n, Root ( 1963) t!!Jl I: T !!! ftl~J !!!!!'!,
8. L 1
~flf)l!lil95J~f.!:
~!ifl'f.!JIJ '\l'lt'lf UT IJ'J 1\h\\"11 ~tL
1l 1.llt!i!i~~tt
!Ill 1l1T F!ili', '!illtttfriYtlt tEA# ~lliili i!J, NP itit'E f!i fkftiJ fL !!!(!Ii tq fU
!X.'!'. 03 'li!iit , ttl!J!!lf i!J, fL !!it 1' 'l!l*"l:z fiJ Jl1, :!i Ill i'l'i!li ~i A oiifr1f l1l E! 8'1 'fL !!it!!: fUJli;ill'$, -lllti#.*. 'li!iitfr !!It f!i IL !!itlt r rJ>f fl.fJl(fr iYt J!\lilil!lt!Jt O'JfL !!!(It , ilil'l!liitfr IYt(J'J ~ill'$ K1
'f ll> IYt!Jt (J'J *ill'$ K"' Ill :\J'li!i.titii tt 1~ 1't Jl. 'li! iltR "I'* 'f fl fJI( R "I' , 11!i'5' !Jo '!' f!i fl Iii!I'!!'
8. 1
A\ .jc 1'l {,; I It
.flj 11.
J 49
!IHl\iITT: If iJ !*ff'. "i' il'I ,ilii ll!lt :E'll!!l\\{J\Vit illJ illiil!, 11' ~il'i 1-iffi'Jft l~ Ji: jjij llAl'lJ!l1*iJ7j(i!IJ }J"fr
*flt. Ell 'f iE "i' 1\1i 9' 4'!-1!. ii: Sl il'i 1-rL l!ll\!ltf!I il'i1-lii'ill''1', IBI W"i' (BJ .P !!f-.IUil: 1li!'f1- ffi:IJ
<g !!!!it 9'iill If ffi:IJ Pf 1'1Hll!J( 9'iilt If ffi :iJ p. >f!I i!!f 1-i~!lt IRf! ll!!it 9' ViL If lii'Vitil!!lt V r "1HL l!ll\
9'1ii'Vitil!!!I'. V.) l!:1 ?i.l'!'llll!ll!f!!i ;.\I l;f-1!. iJ ffi:IJ , il!!lt;ll=" "'1 , ilif lif l!1 !!!{# ;!; {El!!!i Ii. r
!ti: ffij; ;.\/ p, , 1" z 1!11!!;1; 7iJIVJ,il'JrL l!ll\,\\\ i l'l:ffi:IJ 7' p l!!ltfll 1!1!lt tll;ii;im Jft, i!'i1' ;Hitz 1'1
il'J i:1I:If Y'Jill"1il!l /r-ffi:IJ fl'J ~ lli.1l!Jt] j)t
2 > ~ l!t1l' llli i!O ~llJJ( 1l'llli A :ff'!' fBJ a'!! Eli !1111! ;\fl.iii; f ~ i9t '!' iJ1 1! il'i 1' 'f:iill iJ fl Ill( !!I: f!l Iii' 3!
ill, ilif llll!!ifl'llli;!ll JLllJJ(fl' i9t fl'J !Eliiitttll ff DA Jil.&~IJ. -il!till.*, !&'!itf~lllifl'J ffiliii Ji\'IH~fL Ill(
il'J :k11' ::t:, f'l Jft , l!:1'lilt9'VitIf ffi:IJ p, ~.11at, ll!ltil'J fLl!l(!lt 1 '~ lilJ>iltJ" 1lil tii'ill'$ K 1 ti! !Ii
z ~ 11. i!'11 E !it' iJlt i$ EE:IJ ~ill:, lit' l'i {Ejf IE C\'fl'itt EE:IJ l ill fl' Ill r ,l!!it 1' llfi ii' iJ lfl>l'. fE
Jft l'!l a>/ , fL llit fl' !Vt ll'HL llit !l 1'11 K, 4F 'JG:* ;k 'll' it .
3) 1)-Jllii'!-ioll'>1! l;jl1J>!;t'JW.1! :f- li'J , l!!f!ti!fr fVtjjJj lit Ji!;jl- iliJ Jr- fl'J, :ff)( 7)C'f Ji iliJ
!fl'!li Ji iliJ ill '!'l'!l , 1lil Ji1Jc>f Ji iliJ l:'!'li'J Ji ill fl'13!> tll:f-W, f'l Jtt, X'tr l!!l!tt lilJ il!<il'J
'i'J1 lli.ll!J!l , @: 1$(* JI\ fl' )ii( ill & fiil Jl'tt. '!'it {Elilf Jil- t:! !fl .ii' !Hiti!Ifl'JJ1!! 1!*1'fat, ;.\I l'li! J'f<ililli'.,
m*1iiliJfl'lwli'l-1'lli.l'l:.nr*ww11ilW.&iliJli'lttfl'llli
l'J:B.
4J !iii ~ilJJ(;Jl X ;')-f<Jti!llill81J *Ji! Eli :l:J ~1! ;\!( 111. fl' )iltl!IJ ill< 8'J *Iii: ffi :tJ lif tt ; J!J f<Jti#l ii!<
*'"
1ll&:k&~rj,
!II- ~I flt , l!!!i:li ilt 9' l1i\ iill /ii(},* l'li!, cllif<Jt !it'!k * iit -Oliii!J\f l1i\ JI; fl'J '11::5, ;It EE :tJ p. iii!J\f:f
'.!< i'l:i'i'iilt i1ll, m:at * 1* ffi;IJ r!f &Jll il'J !lkl'f<!>IC!!!>i*M:liftt, ;t:Vit illJ*>tt-"J5J Jli'.iill l'l<1!! li'J , R
:f i11'1l f Jl!:J5J i9t '&!l!iill Mil. !ll !l!:lliltlli:IJ f ~ '!'$ , p. 1' p, il'1 & ii'lf< 'J" ID *l!!J'LJ!ilkf, ll!if<Jt
J;I! iliJ %!!it 'I' lJ!ti;!J ill
$ill!:, it!l!::!Z.1:11' )9( 9'Vlt iilJ fl'Jlll-l!it flt , 1if j:;I; J$] )9( ll!li !Ir flt. l't4t m;
EE fJ lif f .';' J5J )ii( l'L lllit il'J ""fLl ,
!II= ~it <ltJl!:iti!I: l!it flt, J! at p. Pl ill &lli. B 1l'-; lll!!I'., fll!l!!J'Lililh\li )ilt!RJIJ :!Ill! il'J iJL
iilJ, J:lillli!krLlllit .Piilt If mJ1 p. 11!,~ilfi ~ii<. m: l!it li!1 w EE:tJ 'll'lt::li!ll1l1eJ!J !9t!1'tt,
!II=: l!it <it;ii;J.Jtli: 1rllliWt flt. >!:lid!\ iillh\ll!i !9tVli'A.ll!!I!, !&'lt Vli'A. !f jiij , p. 1" p, li'l atr ~.
4F lit ffi fJ 'it it & ~ill !lk tL 11it -ll! !I! ll!lf Ji\ 1'i iJ %' , x 'l<ll\\ l: J5J llli l\ftt . 'fiti! JilfL Ill(-'&!ill!
If B'J :J )9( %' ,
J.Jt.I: fl' )ii( .P ~Ii\: i\ 'It ,!f1ill 11t'It-" Ji' -JI' i9t tlli'i' Jli ;:r; IPI 5E ill' !f 'I< B1 J:!l + s l'E - 2 1" - 3
Z lliJ , WJill lt '!!'* S< J, Ell r!\i!l!.5; #filr#l it, fi!il!1 J.Jt:lifr !'18'1 !fi*litl& C t~!)!.-1)- i9t iJk
lE.
fl}$,
s.1.2
ft~~~~~~~a~
'fjjij;/;~l:i:lfil!ll\Ji'.,1!at~<fr!'i'Jll
l f'\:l!' f,Jll 2 ft'IJ' m, B"fj,f, I f!l 2 Jt1Jn@z'f!ll
~;!ll~l!ll\fi'J'1.%1'l:~ll!i*:lflll~~~:1i!ll,~Fo~l:~~;\Jttfr)ilt9'~iJ!til'J~M?t:lf
lli!ifl,
u it iii 1! :1i li ill r fl !!Ii( 9' 11 lilt I* ViL;.,, ~!I!. a lllit llil lilt ill 1' at w. ~Yi Iii ViL , tli ,i:
(!. 6. 5Jit!Jttt:lfllllif1' ~
350
'?:._(~1 ) +
t:J (P_1V 1 )
+ \-
1 ) 1 + 1q., = O,
j = 1.2
(8. 1. 1)
Jt cf q. :li!:J!fl. il it l'l ~l rn illW~ llillt;ll' iii: ihJ !Hi:fr mt cf tl'J iii:W/ili::fi, >l< ;'!;!ii( IUJ iJli '9JiUl!' Ji!:li!
'*!!!Ill', ill.#$ !ij[Jill!~lil(fi!:jF li\'1i i'J , 1;'Btti! "! fP!Eli\$1111% !1l:J.!I!, I i' ;'l;i*lIJt q. lij Ff jJ
R 1'1tiE It , .lij if\\ iJt n!I; Iii. It , 1')''!@ Jill:
g., -
(JD
~(Pm
(8. L 2)
Pf)
" cf ' JG lit!M:fi "' jj; ;'!; 7l: :!!!: ill l!!Hiil rm: illJ * !& ![!(;JG Ji !M !I! rm:* '1!1.
2) fti;;IJ:ifll :1.11!~ lll:;i:Jl'11111tl'l:;IJ i'J !J'd'f l' tlirt (1' 5. 16) i!i.illl:iJ 11! 1')''!@ Jill:
K,
~vp,,
ji1J!!! )[:It$
h' ll!ft'J 3::
*"' ' rt
(8. L 3)
i=l.2
Ji( Cl . 9' 5) ' '.fir

rf1P1=1'NP1o[l+(c,+c1)(p-p-0)],
j=l,2
(8.1.4)
1'!; cf ,l' jw, Olt J'L r l<t 1- B 1~ i'J ~ ~ jK , IB jjij

p1V1 =
P-0e' 1'r,-fr"'( - 1 'VP1),
J = 1,2
(8. ]. 5)
14fP'.;(8.], 2l.(8.]. 4)l'UC8. l.5)f\:,\C8. 1.1),Jl',,
,,t,o =
C~;10
+ c11',o
= C1J,o,
j = 1,2
(8. 1. 6)
Jt cf g, lli!iiUC: !It " :li!:fl' !iii: Ffmi .Ii: '1!1,, .ermt1* !Eili! !'-!& , / zi'U .., L 9. 1 cf l!:'ii:l. ur111111i !))(
lit fl' !It cf ii; mt i'J jJlj1- \~Ill J11i ll!
\/ (K1"./P1)
+ aD(Pi -
'l (Ki\! Pz)
+ o:DCP1
Pi)= pc{<f.1
~-Pi) =
J~ 1
;Jp2
JJ<.'i Pi --af-
(8, ], 7)
(8, ]. 8)
i!!ll; JI: Jl( lll: fl' !iii: cf Ill!( i\iJ 11E lit$ iii: ITT ii; mt f!l ll!Jt:lr I'll!! ,
8. L 3 J!J( ~ llJJI II :fO J!J( l# ll $1'CJ llli

1i1 lit fl' !l! cf ITTli'lfL '"1 l!li'"f ~J 5t ;'!; jl!j'J!:, PP))( l\, !!J(Jl!' '"1 llll1'1l ))( l#i1l$ f'l ll!! .:!In IE 8. 2
1'E 1~ $' 1111Ill l', !ii !ili:ik i'J ~ill$m; 1} 'fl!:! !!tfl' !iii: ITT#;i1l$, BP K.<<K,, tf :lrll!il! (8, J. 7) l'll
fi!f"'.
(8,
I. 8 J cf iif i!l{VJJI!! ~ K, ~ 0, Ji! il'l 1f ll\ll! cf 'l!i"l 1-Jl llt!l!' , !.)'\ fi ~1'li!'ill$, )Zl!,tJI;))( Jl !Jt
Jl!' <liil !IJ;))( l1 JITT!&"J'lltl!!!, :fE))(1L '"111! "" 1J!t)i! Vii 1* Rilliil~!!tiltAJl'11'!. l1 ml( cf l!it l*Vl:A~
i!t, ililJ!i:Jll.l!ltA JI' liil ITTVI: ll UJ ~J .11! lfff it, :Im Ill 8. 2(a) 'If if-, :1 ;1l ~J!li111111t l', K, mrl ;f l!\l .11!
~, 1'i0! Ill :lrW.!g (8. !. 7l i'!H 8. 1. 8>J1tfr'ij<, IP :lrl'ilil! 'I' 1i'Jl'i1'!i!'i1l$, JZ!il:l!t ix #;iii$< liil
flF))( li!' >tl'J !&$!!HI'! . 1))(~ 11l ll!! 'I' . 11. l!J(1r mt E ~!!t1r /ili:z rnJ1f iO: 1* "!:'!I!.* il IJlt 1*1\itll!i'.t~
!!ttl!Ji!iill'Lll!Jll:J.1;J11'A1t1ilf .~nllJ 8. 2(b!l'Ji!1'.
,Ji; T :;!: IJ!l!IJ ii!, <Ii fll Jilli!! I -IJl(l!IJ ll\l\J !\!.Jt !l!:tl'tt, IP llll rll i'l IJ! ![!(:;!: !l!fillJl!!l!fl.J"', .,..,
fil z 1aJJl!i 'lit'.fif ~t-!!! Ii! J11<l'Fiiil ll;i1l 1!, Jif-12! f"l 'lli ihJ ff :iJ ill!I'1&1J-, '1 R 'i'1 ffi;IJ E z JC*, jjij
Ill W:li! f"l 'lli "1 !f}J fl'J f-\Jii! 111"'. ;Ill ~P i"i Ii! z friJ f-J4J!E;IJ fi "~ ~*'iK, :fEJZ 1' !E'!l'f'F ml' ,:ff
:1 !il fiJ Ii! l!lt J!liJ!!! i i1: , i! W~ ~~J.!I! i'i Ill ITT ii; mt fill Ill! ~ 'l!1 "1' l!Hlil .t; ))( ltfl' !iii: tl'J l& 'till !!'! %>t
~M, 7\ 'll'~1i ll! cs. 1. 7J fll (8. 1. 8) cf l'ti 1 l'll 2 ll'tf J!;xt J'L 'f :f fill li!lJ.:ITTJl:NPUJ. jjij .!!!
*,
'
351
1tr$Bl m. Jr#iJ!,!!!'ii'J Bl ><Ji! Bi J!f;t;+!!!f~ ti'J:1rm;11J1t Bl

:1J l'i!!JL iii ,j!\<11J lE !11:!!!$ il! roJ I!! Bt, $% t!Pf'il!!l! jji ~ , fl! fci] 1!!1ll llJ lit Ml ft, 1Jtj ftll, ~ 'i1 Gao
o g84 1 ga, ) f&i!lli:l:J~ iidt {If !I< 11 - 1';;; ~ ~'llt . Bi m~'llt mor!!.( !ill !i! 1'11'5i! ti'J ll11.: <P
Bl~ rJli!lli llf,. Jltll! r"1lllilii.
llli~ Bl !I! 'l'1 Ji! i'i !\'. Jt"t Jtt, LlliHi! 1'i !Y'"' f1'% l'i!l~Jl:JI<"' fF-1'l1Hi'i!tfi'Jti:ill!.
llli. ~ <19801
ii! ili T i!Jt:!l:ir l!Jl/j!; /Jl[/J Ill!!! B'Ji1!1lli!lf, :!O. ~ n 982 J X1J. J'L u 989 l lillli: T XXlli:ir l!Jl 9'/l!;iff ti'Jlit
Jt 0- tli filJ 11! ~ l'L .1'1 U98 9);j<IJ Ill ;ig 0-'!l' ~ il?ll! Ji: T $1!! ll11 Vii Et'Ffl ~ f'ciJ I!! JHB- ili ! fflill
{lffflill,
f
m
J!.1! ;(ft
:m Barenblatt, Zheltov, Kochin.a ( 1960) jft1 War~
"",Root I1963, 19651 $% ili ti'J J)( J'L ll! l!I I Ll T
Iii! 1\1; BW 11!
l!I J !E:IJ ill< 8. J. 8J9' 4' K, ~ 0,K, ~ lit'llt, i!'f 36'1! ::kltlll~ ,
Jill ;J;;!l;/j!;iJli B'J 111llt?l-/J!!E1'11 ii!f!llik!4'"1 ili YoT,
JI r-;;;:JP')) +a( p z -
K1 7I
a(P 1
dr
P2 )
c2f2
P 1 (r,t)
aP,
---at
I,._,,,,=
P 1)
, 7it
JP, = 0
c 1 .,.1
= 0
(8. 2. 2)
P,(r,t) I.-~=
(8. 2. 3)
(8. 2. 4)
2rrK1h
P1(r,t) l1~0 = Pi(r,t) I,~"=
;fl;~' , P1 = p,- p, (, ,t 1 , J ~I
(8. 2. j)
(8. 2. 5)
, 2, p. ;l!,1Ji(M;Ji!!J! Bi;IJ ,
xt/Jllil <s. 2. D- cs. 2. s1ftlir. 'lll'lir.Mlill:~. mu nm fl! !i!fflill>'k!'l 'i:Jltfr~T M,i:

<f P1
1 aP1
a p- pJHAc ari +--,:~ +K1( i~ 1 ) - Ki 1sP1 = O
a(P1 - P~) - ~ic~sPi = 0
P1(r,s) I,-==
aP1
F2(r,s)
L-=""" 0
Q
rJ;*f,~,., = - Zn:K,hs
(8.2.6)
(8, 2. 7)
(8.
z. 8l
(8.2.9)
Bi /J"!'il <8. 2. 7)111 ill P, ~al', I (,c,s+ a) , f\;A <s. 2. 6J , WUl!tfr/Jllilil' jf11(-1'. Rr
(}'fa1
I aP1
m-i + 7 Jr -
D(s)sP1 = 0
(8. 2. 10)
(8. 2. ]])
(8. 2. 12)
Q
2rrK 1hr,.K1(r,. ./15.($.)$)s ./ti(SYs
(8. 2. l.JJ
iifjjft\j B'J <iltt A,B j~,A.(8, 2, 12) ,jjj

- -
p 1 (r
S)
'
Q
Ko(r /D(s)s)
= --
2trK 1hr.,s -/lffs.)..i K1(r,. ./1_5(ifs)
($,
2, J4)
X't ~ill jtt ~it>\ ( 8. 2. l .!) i!iT ill( {i!]i iii: , R~ 1~ !i!JJ.!!! 'f llif 9' P, v, t) - p, - p, (,. t) , jf .ll. mst
(8. 2. 7)Pf#itl:: P20
5. l
rllif !ll l!il!l1alJl!1rilr*11trnJ , JE <ii:l:at JF lll;EEJ1 p,. B'Ji11iili:. 11l 1' , B'J 31'1* 1' " cJ!l,;i!!
JI! 4 ifl ,>Ji~* ,_~, B'JllTJ!Il!illt\:J!k)jt ,-o B'J &ill'.li'i )fl,
9l '<\ ( 8' 2' 14) iif ill tt Ii!; ili ;iJ B'J ~ill ill( 1;J
f\,,,(.~)
............. Q
, Ko(r., /15(;5$)
2rrK 1hr.,,s ./r5fifS K 1 (rw /D(s)s)
(8. 2. 15)
l!:i!:l'11'<\CB4. 4bl ,,-oat K,(.,)flj K, (;)il'Jllfi!I'<\:%
(In . i. + rj , s ....... o
Kv (s) ---. -
K 1 (s),......
.<
(8. 2. 16)
,s-+O
(8.2.17)
r]
lfl ,.,. ./l5(i)S

,,
"
1
- Inf, l + a(c1"{> 1"
+ f ''h,) + tn( l + c,;,,)
a1
1 1
]- v)
($. 2. 18)
fll Ill l\:1*$! s. 1 il'J Eif li'i Jfl, llf !Ellr'11 Ji lJI! ~ ,
1
1
--ln(l +as)
7<>l
'
llt)
E,
-lns
a/,
-lnt-Y
"
I-al
I
19fU'<\(8. 2. JS!il'J&iii:!liJllY,
I' 1,,(r,t) =p, -
p(r,t)
_...9L'_Jint+ln
41l'K1h \
1 +1 )t]
+Ei[-.!!..((c 1'i + Cz12)r,,2
P c,1
c21>i
K,
- Ei( - <:~ 1 t) + 0. 80907}
(8, 2. 19)
iZ i'!i'i JI! iif l1l *M:lll 1l ft i!lttil il>i!ff i>l'.Jt5ttli. rllifitii: ili;IJ!ii3l lii:ti'.
i11!l'Lilllll!tt:IJ~l! ilt#~Hff i*l!'IJ!l 4. 1. 4 11' fll Jll 4. 2. 21719fti0tl'J iliiJ!ii:!l:~ffe'<\ iJ!
tti"' 11t11iJ :% '. M-~Jf !l'.tilfi'1 at1\iJi8 fF At. mv'<\ <s. 2 19 l Ill+ ffi:i:l!!<:;l( 5ttli 13Ji'!l:"Hlt
P1,.(l:J) =p,-
4~h(lntetAl+Ei[
:(c1l.P1
+ C2~t:l(ty+t:.t)J
353
- - - - w w w - - - -
(8,
+Ei(www~I'
pc~-.
2. 20)
(8. 2. 21)
l'E & JE!Ji;J' ut, t.'i\ 'I' tl!i'l!: Ei 1iJ Ill M 'l!:illfWO!ffe, ilif l'E & Ji'. $:kllf, ilHtt Ei ~ 1iJ !;( '1.}E. lll
ilif itl'\ (8. 2. 2D1iJ itt1': 1'il<il+1!Ulil ~ JB , 9P
p.,(D.i)
p1 ~ 2. 3026
P"' ( &)WWW
-p;
;2R h( lg te-: At+ lg c 1 ~ 1 (t1 c,\b~:] ,At 1f:l1J,
(8. 2. 22)
WWW 2 326 ~I
. L 4'lf"K1hg
lp +At
At '
At 1,JE/41':.J\..
(8. 2. 23)
Ill Jt , 1'E p. Xt lg [Ct, + &JI & J ITT'* 'lli ilJJ !!Ii 1'!11: tr l'i -1' ffL!L 4" If ITT :!I: ii! ll!. 1' #'~ $ ;Ii
~2. 3026Qp/4rrK,h, ~Pl'!J 8. 3 IYfffe, P!f!;(tf
(8. 2. 24)
l'!I s. 3 'I' l!! 1- 11 '111 ll! llU!! !lU!ll'tt ,JI'!.:: t- ]I( !!lill! R ~:ll( l1A\l'f JI'!.:: 1- ]l(!!l; !lldk AA A'HIUE
b, !ii t!i p., EE T (8. 2. 22) "11 (8. 2. 23) l'i'i\oil'Lli!-1'! mlg [,,;,; (c,;, +c,, l] ~ mlgw, JYi !;( l'i 1-'ill
i:.!:'!f! b, -h,~ -mlgw,;J>'J' ,w~c Pf (c,, +,,,)lj;JJ!*!J!i' ti:. llljjjj
(8. 2. 25)
l'El'i t- :ll:!i!ll!z !'~ , "1 t>t 11 'I' ~:kJllttr lill! !IJJ!i!. JZll! ilJJ l!!U:: 'ff lll ,;: ,.!\HllllJ .M. 'Jl;i!9Jtt
Ji! !IJJ!i! J: tt~lj '!?', jiij ffl JZ -}jjj ,\\\ 1iJ J!l'-:'.l'J!tlf j)'ilf, ~jf JI'.$ il'J tif1'lil''!j:,
CIJ Jt. M'i\ <s. 2. 21 l ;Jt.:: flit~'!!:, Pf ill
d~p..
d(lnte!iAt)i
= QAt(te +At) exp(- a/::.t ')

4'1rKihtf
flCt'l>i
.1[1-"(1,+&JJ-exp(-5':'._)[1-~(-1
/J.C11
flCz1
~ l:>i::tii:Af :IJ'l' ip 111 !'!I
s. 3 'I' Ill,;: IYf xt $' {JIJ &
a(tp
exp ( -
C11
l'
+-1
)c1,+&>])
C//ii
ip & ll!Li1' J;Cf ~,j\'i\

+At,)
aAt ) = --l=f.5J.'f1..........................
flC11'1
1 .....~.1-1 f- ..J..-1' (t f- !::J.)
rE i5\#5l' ilT 'I'. !'Jl;~'ll:lllllitil'J Ji\\ IE
C1 <fi1
(8. 2. 26)
Ci,,
(8. 2. 27)
s. 3 il'J ll'il'\, .M.!'!l 'P ti; tlJ Ill R.\, il: t!i t>t. "11 MJ;tzfl'J p,
354
{E:lfll! C8. 2. 2.\l, (8. 2. 27li'IJ<8.
'
45
p..,(!\1.l
'
( 8. 2. 24) :;J1 tJl, "'"p. (D.t. ) i'll b, -b, Bl 00 'Pill tJl,

t:'!ll it R 1'f C'.1'. VP . c,>, IU , ,,, llltfl:;J1!WIJ:!: ?.'~
1ill! 1if ilHll ll< c,;. fll ,,;, I!' & :JC :Ill'! fl'J '1li: i'J ii!L'ro ~
'I'll:"
ti! Z ,M'T ~fl i1ll iill<f1'J Iii: 4f :fr ilT , )t :flf ~ il!tl #I~
!E )J ft l,ii lit Jil< I'!! 8. 3, ti; ili $1 $ m ff )I: ili K, h ~ Fn
Birn'l'miliPi'llWWlt.FnBil'!l'l'm*
ili D.t, *~ p.(D.t.) ,Jtjj:tll a,c,1>, ill,,;,, ;t;:1Jl'f'l'l'J
Ill T n ll! c8. 1. 2 l ~!iHJI., bl. fL mli:>IJ '!i!li i'J VIE "'1
)!! ;- J!l ~:511!119: mi !il!'lt"' fl'J l>lt "'1;\;""JI,~~1'!.0 fl'J
~ill l!lXl:l'i' ~fL Jr.!!! fl'J ii> mt ll!1 fF i;J :lit fL Jr JiJi: 'I' ill
II!. :5 ii> mt '
,, l
//
-----;...;--J
/
/!
in~ !01 JO'
z. 28 > 9', K,h ill,!'.
10' Hr1 10 10"
Ill . , l&!l. it !l\4\i>tlllll'~Bi:tJ1!<11 llb!l
s. z. 2 '! I! ft .IYl ifO :J:F ill! 0~ 11-;1. '1l ~>#iii!

~-:JC~*'l'-P4f.4f~i'flJtM
c1fi
,
w~..
,11=-..
Cz~z
Ki
w= .......................
+
WIJ1ill!C8. 2. Di'flcs. 2. 2J~~:JCitil'IJB5'\i;J
ilplD + l JplD ~ w OP1D + ,\,(p
C1~l
rJrDl
(kp
T[) {Jrf)
(B. 2. 29)
tD
)~ 0
p
JD
(8. 2. 30)
(8. 2. 3))
(8.
D 1 (s) = ..l+w(l-w)s
'
A+
;top, *'I'll: A,B
(1
w)s
Piv(rv,s) = Al,(rp JsD 1 (s))
+ BK
2. 32)
(8. 2. 33)
(rv JsD 1 (s))
(8. 2. 34)
Bl~! l'i!'d'flilllE <
+ CrSs) al:.!v]
[ CD,P1D -
(1
P1n<rn,tp)
l,v-=
Ofp
"p~l
(8. 2. 35)
= 0
(8. 2. 36)
P1o(rn,tv) l'D'"" = 0
(8. 2. 37)
Jtcp :J.t (8. 2. 35 )l;j ;x.t ( 5. 6. 7);j!l fill , l:jjjl 5. 6. I l'!K!f~ , OJ Al Lll
A= Ofli B.
!<Fn1ltit!fii !Ii ;IJ B'J
il!lt:J.t
-
( )
+ S J~Di(~) K J:D;(7;)
(JsD <s)) +CoS[Ko(JsD1(s)) + S JsD1(s)K
KQ (/;Di.(;;)
P.,ns=-
JsD 1 (s)K 1
cJsD1(s))]
(8. 2. 38)
(8. 2. 39J
.t;x.t 9'llt'i!l!i!i'l:tlr'== 1' x.I.\, f!L'f
I (1-w) jiJ1 -A/w(I - w)

jj:, tE:IPl"llif .t~;i;!ftlllJ.tM. -=!111-A/w(l -w)fli),\. -A(J -w)
!111 o tt i1li 1' ~ m!'r. jj: jj:.~ ill! ll'i tiu ms. , J9f ;r; !ti' lffi 1; !II
5. 6. 111' 9'~{1;( ifJ Jrli< ilT i ill: ll dil':k 1!11lill1'1:=:1' 1N!11 c.,c,,c, B'J
IJ\JtJ!;J Jt~, fiJi \'! !!\ !i!i '!:\'. Pv (tv) t\:!iHfl Im 1-!iJ<llt I , I n , N jj:\
Jt .t fli , BP !tIll: ffi ;iJ
0. -
PwnCtnl = -
2~ (f, +I. +I. + f,f.n(,Je"d. I
--'Ill
1:1. 4
(8. 2. 40)
ffi'~.[i I
fU i
,nJ~s""'<11e"'1n:}ll;fPIV
u=
,11J4ts=ute"",1f:9
Jq[~ ~~ ~il--~w~~<J] ;~~JsD1 (s) = - iu
(8. 2. 41)
(8.2.42)
(8. 2. 44)
s. 2. 3
~31..11-l!l!Cf:l~F~~l#ml
lltrilli ;J, l'i IJf illJ j l1'J r'l '!t:l'f TL mi(jilJ !!1-11'Jiilf.i\IJ J!:l!rS l1'J u l!i'fsl:: (8. !. 2) ' *'J' l'i l)fj
l1'J 1' 11!.:Slllll:I :l 'f l'L lliiUr !It r'l 11'J i!iii\IJ J!:rl: .~ 'F tt'.:Sii';i!ii iliill'?l' 111'!, iTif Ell IL mit iilf.Ao!!l;f l1'J ill
l:.ifJ:A Darcy }E;f/!. de Swaan( J 976J1iffJT:T ~~W;"{5mt:Z9J. Bourdet,Guingarten (1980)1,>j"iQ: T ~
-ffi 'Iii !lt~R i' l1'J lill JE rJ !'Ji,
~1 T lilf 'ii" rL:lt !It 9' 4~ l!i:1!X$iilf. ill flJ J!l 1!1!1111'J113 ltiE ;;umr l!l>'li:,
;I; 8. I :!!! II, 1l' Jll('f; ~
r ...-
...-
W1!< It
'l'Hfl<il:
..--- -
V;
~lf.l\lk.WJll
ll!i*l*l!l
'*w
1'1!1i: 11.iff.
ll!W l\ iff.
-- ................... ....................... -v, "'JJlt.l\ lk. wlll

\11+,.,=Vf+V .. =l
iiiI* ll' 1l<
fL !J(I!:
1i\ !1' lL II W1!1

1., ~.!!!_!!I
ll\!#f 1i\ '11 ,!,\
I. lUI! l!ll: lL II Wl'l

Jll,j! ii. '11 .l.l WW
i/>=Vri/>f+f?.,</>.,
lf'l! li.l'i'.
(V",)1""V rrc1
(Y(,)m=V.,~c~
(V"6<;,),_,_.,= <c,)1+ ..
fif!-'#lt w= CVc,) r/ <Vc,) f+m

ll:ll!i!lt~!!! i1Ht :i, 1t l'i':f f'l ~i ~l!f!JB:tJ(.
!lll rm s. 1 J!Jilf. iJ'JlE 111*~~''11r. n;11 ?r m:I*, ll!11*
1'UJ:t:tJ(:IJl;!lt#<. lm!ll 8. 5 llilf..
(b) 111'9
1118.5
JL"llO!!:ll'l!li:~lli>~
.JC II l!I Ii! i!ii lii ~ Affi ;!it!J!t 1;11 ;Ill' :tJ( Ill T a 1!1ffi !m r
357
, ""',_: K., a= 4n(n

2)
"
"""' Kr'
J,i
(8 2 ')
. '40
Jib!!i illt#R)f')<kifJ !!!'Ii:, L ;lll,;li;!l\'i\E 111!'., I'!! s. 5 FJi;f, JLf'l<jll;'l11ilf Jilll;IHJ'J Jt':\ltllil r a @.!%
tE 'lit 8. 2 'I'
'i!! 2 All!'11i i!il!Jl ~ti<~ 'f "
:)I; 'I' , "
JO i!tJJ!lfl '11(
!t.tt n
1'!1Hlcll L
%'1itlill'f"
Jj!l{k(jJJf. h,)
h,
12./h'
ll!1*C4l~r,)
2r,
l~ / ri
r,}
2,,
lG/r,'
,,
6Q/a'
[llf:t(44~
.:n:.:JJi*(i!l v~ ,,,)
T ilif ~l "$ ~ l!ill J>'<k ;i; !lt~ jg 1'1J !IHI: ll< JL 1)' !lt 'I' 4' 1i!i0$11;; l'li. tE j)[ C\O "i' i''i ff.J !Iii
lml!lll:tl:~J!li~lll~L 11- J!li 9'~etf!<i<ltliJI!.
iJt 1!!1 J>''i'~1J r, ;i; lilt~ 'I' ffi:IJ :Sf :iJr :)I; 11 JM jlf,
l'E!lll ill. f;t M. #R fi;J 1111. ~J 3* ilii et ft IE:IJ G' '!\" r ll!!Jit ffi:IJ Pt. 1 !ill~;\' ill. l4' 1J ~It 'I' Iii[ ;;Ji 1ll' iJI: ,Jlj(
J!li q I KI <TIT t/i#'ll: (!. 9. 15)) 'f;li!i'\\Ut ii' Jillc!IHIJ!( 1)' Eltff.J t!f illt111'Hll ii! 111 "'i'f '.SJ Iii Pn T'
(8. 2. 46)
1. .i. (, ap. ) = 1. ap.

;2 i1r
Jr
(8.Z.47)
ap.I
ar
= 0
(8. 2. 18)
c=~
x.,,
Jt
(8. 2. 49)
p,.(r,t)lc-, 1 =Pf
__ -3. K. ap.
q-
r1
\8. 2. 50)
Jr 1,.,1
'iJ: ( 3. 2. 50) cf , "''Ii: 3/ r, i<:;f, jjl; lJ!t#R'* ilii r~r, ~tll'JiJ;ill[J2l!f V =r,q /3, llJ ;!J q ;li!i'J'fV: f*1P,jjl;
Eltl'li. t!J ifJ !itl*~lR .'1!!1' l!ill'*l'li.t!J Ult f*{;tl!\ 4<r, 'q/3 ~ U l!lll J>'JIH\! 00 I!\ 4rrr,' , IP i4 v =r, q/ 3,
'l Ii!t>tl:l!lll:, MT !l!i!i 1)' !lt ,,.,, =r Ir. M jji;!Jll, rw = r! r,. =II; tt!!JCl:l!lt Ti[,'<.1'1T,
_!&!__ p _ 2trKhD.p
'"
v.1.-'f'l-,.l1~ .. r,,,
i '
QB.
(C )1
~ _,_c_
w = <Vlc,)1
D +m
2n(V~,)f-; ..,hr~'
(l/ef>c,);-m
(8.2.51)
IA~ :If!'< <S. 2. 47) - (8. 2. 49) l1'J 3Ci!!fll% ~ilJ"I !lit
w~
15(1 - w)s
="-c-~
(8.
z. 52)
(8.
z. 53)
(8.
z. 54)
(8.2.SS)
ap.n I
'lD~l
JrlD
(8. 2. 57)
p,,,,_,(rn,to) l'v>"l = P1n
(8. 2. 58)
'&:I.rm\ (8. 2. 56 l i'Jf 'll' !It'll'~, BP 4- P.n = y/r,,, m1J Jr1!Ht :'liJ !ml'# illt5t:l.rll!
\8. 2. 59)
(8;
z. 60)
;jiJ ml!IJ'l.!ki'f (8. 2. s7) *11 c8. 2. ssJ , CFitllilli nc *h

1
A= e1'-" .... e 11.'P1nB

:Hf.'<':(8. 2. 61)j-\:..\(8. 2. 60) .~&
=-
ew .... e-wPrn
(8. 2. 61)
l)ffv
cs. 2. 62)
rwo!<IiTlli; .j~
~mD I
!D
= (141 cthW -
'1n=l
m! ll' lfil l:i:1ldi'ltie :1.1.1 CB. 2. 46 l *11 <s. 2. 50 1, 7'r.I <s. 2. 46 l iJ AS :II i!HtJl!:X</ 4ll'- J1lf #J ~ w
2Krhr! IQ, lJl!j[Jji q I K1 7C Jl!!l!Jitll\t;liJffl ;?I: (8. 2. 50 l , ')fl!
(8. 2. 63)
nl'li ca. 2. 46 l '1lll!J!i.'7G!l!J lilt :'liJ wapml>tn, l'J1 W:!il'li (8. 2. 46 l 7Cll:ll1lft li'i l'!!!Htr 111-!il.l!li'll'~
1/[:'liJ
iiP1n
-l
iJrn
+ -rv1 afrv
=
drv
[ -(Wet
l
. I\W
5
1)
+ sw
i-Pro
(8, 2. 64)
(8. 2. 65)
j(1) -
J15
+ ;, [
(1 ;
w)J
<th [J15(!;
w)J ] -
1]
(8.
2. 66)
J;J; 11' 'l ;!iJ ffl !IE-!!! lli'I iJ I'll 11' J!rr ttfllJX iJ!
J!l 50 3l:!l!f~ iJ trl!i: , 6J 11! ll!ttfll l!ll tt tt 1l!i 19\~ i'i'!i!i it lit fl: 'i' liiJ '!' ~tit Vii '!IJ iii lllt 5t :1.1 .I #J
f(s) -
/()s
lh, "]].
l + l[2 K. /,th
Xi
s hi Kr "If X:,
2 -../ X:.
=w
Jl(! hJ3(1 w)
31
w)1
---,
l
(8. 2. 67a)
(8. 2. 67h)
359
f(-- I, [ /15.Ll_::..w)>
f(s) =
lfJ
+ 2 ,,,j .: . 1 -
'V
w),\
15s
).
l,
!Ml:f:\:lt
lu[Jl5(1 ,\ w)s J
(8. 2. 68)
l!"" 8'I ill:* l'l B iiE an ,

!iHll it rn. 2. Bs) %itrtrirllll"lii, *r* rn: ffiJJ !'lltl!: t;l!! s. z. 2 ll'!l! ll:!,
l/tJil!lill!ll1l'l!!its>I: !l'i!:( rl!! 8. 2. 2 ll' 'I' !'J It;(:, '11 ill jf ))1'3Gll:li'JffijJ l'J~ Pli'I!: p.o(s) ,
x>t r :JGRt:kXJ(fLfl- !ltiili iii!:,"' 1\iE< Ill r s o11HHlf 11t 'I!: cD, J'!i;;: <s. z. 38) if )t f'lt1f !i'
!f!:Ef.j)
/iJTs'i) + S /iJTs'i K, ( /iJTs'i)

s CvsKo( ./s/(s)) + (1 + C'v.Ss) ./sf(s)K1 ( ./sf(s))
xt'f 3GR<::k"1.lL1'illlf! .~"J'Jl\\ s 1'fl c" .m~if'1'r":ll:Ji'~jf ff.JJ!'J~ffi'l!:1'J
-p (, l _
D'
.1.
K, (
P..v(s)
=-
Ko(.;;}"[;))
(8.2.69
(8, 2. 70)
s lsf(s)K, (I sf(s))
n 'f 3Gll!i:kl!l: lL illl lltii'.EE l'litlll-, "I Jl\\'il:Et Ill i' s !'1!'~ ,Ji')\! JC Ji'il!l 3Gll: j!lj)j[ t
(8.2.71)
(8. 2. 72)
(8. 2. 73)
Mr :JL m::k XJ( fL illl iii!: ,"'JI\\!!!! Et lll r

-pfD ( rv,;) -_ ~
1
s
s 1'fl !i'iill c" ,:it!!!!!!!: 3G :1: mIEJJ !'l It lil 'I!::%

Ko(rp
CvsKo(
./SJ(s))
+ (1
../ST[i))
t CvSs) ./STfi5K1( ./sf(s))
( 8. 2, 74 )
xt'f if J'l. l!l: 1L illl iii!: )tf'lt#, 5'fitrl'l-ttffl, 'l''l'Jl\\ S 1'fl Cv, !ll!!Jto/ 3G :l:li'JJEj) ~ij '1!::%
-p (
fD
) _ 1
ro,s - -
K1 (Rp /il(i))l 0 (rv ./il(S))
+ / (Ro
1
/Sl(S))K 0 (rp /SJ7i))
lsf(s)[K,(,lil'W)l,<Rn /il(i)) -K,<Rn ./iT(jj)l,(/sf(,))]

(8. 2. 75)
05l::l8. 2. 71)-(8. 2. 7.1),J;filJJA:lf!ll(S. 2.
65Jtli;it,Jlt'f~fill!'Ji!IJ'l.lid'f,Jll!i!
-lfi 5. 6 l'l!lll:Jf! 8. 2 ll' J!iilj;:lfl.!i:ilttil, l!l:l!l~~jlf~~Jt\lf T,

liff '!'f.T .'!1. fLfl-IJi 'I' fli(l\U 1P 11!.;1,ij/;!Jl[fl'J if* liiJ ll!,
5. 4 ll'
Mavoc,CincoLeg(1979)1!\
8. 3 ~~:frmt'fta<J~l'i
*
1l\t
f\llC"
j(J( li\il'i '*'fl-iilt
!JI[ !BJ llJii" Mr Xl(Jil
j/;
jjJ I;( !i! liff li'. i!'i fil il!i II( 1"1 ll! , 111. jjJ !;{ Jl';liff li'.. fil ;!, if !!I! !Ji flt fL ~ !'J j/;
:it41!~ fi.ilill!Jl';J;i !Jll!'J, JJ Jl!"!t~ti :% h, 1'fl h," ~il!''l<Jl'BIJ 1'J K,
flt K,. 'tr
360
"'1:"';)-~Jfcnr1'?if'i"-
K, ""K,, m~ffi :ii ii!J:,15 Sj!j !ltiilli\~i~. '1\' K, fll K, &~U4J(;ki!!Tfi1Li!lfflli:lt9' Z -ff,Jjjl'(lC T, IQij
J1i!l!lli J!X ilti5''*'

!l! {!! h.
iili"' !lll.'IL Pl! fl! Z iliJ 1lJ
I:( il!i:rillt , t!! 0J Ll 301!! iJIL
Xt"f ~ll! l\!JE. R 11-1' Ill
'Ji': fWi' miilll't '1' iii iill 18 JJ!J,; lit !!J l!1 E1' 'll: J!\ JJ Iii fll :\< 1li lltf.l-~ J!\ nlii. T iJJl Jl" rJ liff 'IC 1t!fl; !.E
ffi ii' i"' Jr! fll XJ( Jl! t# Jlj
s. 3. l
mil JB j1ij ff lt!l Jj!l '.iE JI ~ F lit lB
WI llif ?Jf llf 'IC IJiJ 1uib1::tJi\ iEFI: cilltijl; iEIJIJ 'll:Fit) 1Wlli f'. *flil En ill n. iE :1'""'1W m
F. illl 9U , J!il !:'Ht. ""( 41' ~ iill 1tE!i :1<1''Ei'"~ lli , Ji\if 1t!fl; Jii'f !.E:!EE!i %d4'T 'ET" Eli. ;j;; J, l'lF
l\'.1t Iii' it ffi J!X lllil!'JI' ilt VI:. Jilf '!l!:s!tflil4'i !i!:FI: Bili fl: Q- Q (t) FITii '.il-*'Ji1ll':i'~i11 Jll !l>l l<l fll i'HI!
!If "' ffi i'i l<it# %
?fill;y.t-jf;jjli[i J:!:.~'i\(8. 2. 5!Jfll(8. 2. 71)p)f;EJl.(!i t,,wjil! Q"'1t~ p,,-[p,p, tr .t Jl I< p, - p,, J , i!URilti5'$ IBJ ii'JGi!:!PYifi:;l:IJiJ:lf !llfll iE!Wi''1'd4' im T,
it'_.,_Pui
2
tN ii
d-pu,
1
.t.
err[!
dPu:i
dfa1D
+ -1 -_:;::Tfi
+ Ai ( P:D - P10 ) = 0 1 <

dpiD + ,
1 - w)-;;;,,..,.(P1v - P2n) =
~ w~
7f D
rD '
1 dp2D
+ to
--:~-,::---- "".D
P1n(rl!,tn)=1.
K1(
K
z
""D
(8. 3. 1)
(.i
Q,1 "'-.. Tf) <._Rn
()=1,2)
ft:ro=1:llb,
ftrv =Ro :)lb,

P,oCru,tD = 0)
, R
llfD
(8, 3. 2)
(8.3.3)
1.2)
l ~TD< Rv
(8. 3. 4)
(8. 3. 5-l
.It cf' , '~""'.'IK,(j ~ 12). Tilif Ill l!X11i1'RJl"'ll:J!ltJl!'l'r:s!t!Wi'. >t~t~fiij'Jt i!:fi' Webec '!tJ!lt, Jli'
Mi'lllil 'll':lit1~ l1t E1' '!<~, !lilJ!!Ji'! 3. 6, M>F ifi IB:lll.flliil !Ii: :ay l!l 'll:J!\5'1: c3. 3. 24 J E'I a~ o. !Y. !!J
1'R '.il-1!' j;l, xt t.i
(8. 3. 6)
Pn<ro,tn) =
fi
Ro(/3.,,rp)~
m~l
i"m
L..J N(7f)p({:i,,,.tf!)
(8. 3. 7}
l!ili!>iilll'/. *i4'<8. 3. 3l fU rn. 3. 4 l Eli .J;;i,!<!, ~J. J: 'Jl'Ji'!Xj "i' 1'!'1iE 0 fl: R, CP. , r,,) fil t\1 fl: N <P.) "}
& 1\11iE !l! P. Milli Ji! Eli :lf!ll Ell cl.! 3. 3 JI! 8 fi'll' lli , N
R,, ({3., ,rr;)
1
N[~:5
=
~
/3., []\l" (/3'"RD )J l (fl,,,rv)
- Jo (fJmrD) N1 ({3,.RD)]
fJ!J~?.((3.,)
(8. 3. 8J
(8. 3. 9)
- 2 .Jo'<P.l - Ji<P.R"l
Jtcp,,3. 1/:h'l'i!
(8. 3. 10)
t
" 1 """
-;;;-,a,=
K,
K 1 (1 -
1t l:l:l'lf ~M:ill:'il:: (BS. 2J , tl/iiEii!i fl: Rn<P R,,) PJ'Jiff $.
41)
(8. 3.11)
361
(8. 3. ]2)
(8. 3. J3)
(8.3.}4)
(8. 3. JS)
ffi 'f A, fiJ A, "J .5) llf lliJ In it~ ,!ljf :lr!l' (8. 3. I 3) fiJ (8. 3. 14) xtat la]'[ It Jl!fFj;I !!05!'1'1; Fu, 1';
fll?l" ~U 'ii' ;lg AJs fiJ Ads, 'f JiJ!1f,J; i!O'l\:!i"!!Ef 'l\:;kJ .1Xl!i:'l\:J!i"!iiJl 'li:p,,<p., >l 8'J f't'lli:1i!1i1, iP
s P1o(f!,,,,s) - f..1a1<Pin - P10)
-:::
s Pzv(fl.,,s) -
:::
+ a1P;,, P10 =Ais
-::::
Aia,(p,D -
(8.3.16)
i:::_Ai
(8. 3.17)
Pio)+ aifl., P2n - -;
+ a1A1 + a1f1,,/) P1D - A1a1 Pin= A1/s

a2A:. P1,, ... (s + a1Ai ~1- atf1!) P2v = - Ai/ s
(8. 3. 18)
(s
P1n(/3,. ,s)
(8. 3.19)
A 1s + a 2 A~A 1 + a2 j3,,, 2A 1 + A1a1Ai

= ''"+7"""7[-.'.-~.~+'""~~7.,;,.
ni"-"""c"<~'~~-,.
"n"'-c---,,,cc,'"ls
~
.,,.,11,
a 1 t1
(a1
a:}.,'$'+
a1a:i112 + a1a1"'1 1 f<'rn + a1azf",.,
1
(8. 3. 20)
J:tJi!,iJ: <s. 2. I J M''il<li\ 8'J 11'J!i, IP ?t J' tfl 7}Jltlll!J!f,J; ilO 1!':1t s !'J $ l1J! 5l: 1liJ ?l" 1!'J *Ii: ~ ?l"Jlt
(/)fl!'. ll W"1 !!I B ff ii) iii.'!t'J!l!~ltfillI i!Oiii. iJl)!t WPw<P.tnJ #!!I ill'lli: iiJl 'Iii: 'i!!m. !'I !!I>!:< s.
3. 7l iii.1!'J!i"! ~!)::,Ip li.illi'i!ilJJ A'J m)J iiil'lll:;kJ
~ 13!Ji(/3,,.R1:;)B(/3,..,ro)I Bu -~'D + B21
(
) 1
P1o
r;;.t/!
+ 11: ..J
O!fil)
Jl(')
~
f),.
J 2l (''
R) I r,e
t'm ()
)
ye
i
-t'r)
1'
(8. 3. 21)
(8. 3. 22)
(8. 3. 23)
~l'\(8.
3. 2l)i'!l (8. 3. 22nt rn *'-il''lll:,Jttt;!:llJ
dBi
drv 'v-i =
1i
(8.
3. 24)
(8. 3. 25)
362
(8. 3. 26)
(8. 3. 27)
, _I [b
c.-1
B,, =
bo =
l'fi!J. ~ li!ffiit~
. ( - I )' 'I/lb'a - 4co J Bti -_ b-a,K,$,!K,

$ _ ~
o -r
a;K 1 1 /K 1
~l
aia2
[i + -'
a1
~I
a2
,b =
Co'i<.li(,\,
+ I! la1 +
ai
~~'f J'cit!J'1. ii!llitfifi , Ji !ll<8.
;.l
az
+ p.,)'
)P] ,co =
bf/./
(8. 3. 28)
3. I J- <8. 3. 5J 'Pili< 9fit!JIHl\l'f rn. 3. 4J
Pf ;It F.:#11''.11' Jlij (8. 3. 4) i&'.!l lilt
tE rp = Rl.> ~, (j = 1,2)
mu t'l' 1lll'ltl:i1' Web" '.ll:l!l!at. l'Y'J!E'l!! 3. 3 $11 g rr. !ti tl !ifliI lill 'I!:
P,o(rn,tv) =
1,
Ro(fJ,,.,rf!) = No(/J.,Rn)Jo(/J,,,rv) - Jo(fJ,..Rn)N~(fJ,.,rv)
(8,
3. 29)
(8. 3. 30)
(8. 3. 33)
(8. 3. 34)
(8. 3. 35)
K1
QnCtn) = K
)
+K
Q1v
2
+K
Ki
.J...
'
K Q2D
(8. 3. 36)
ll
:t;. ffel <1gsz>fll ll. J1.. !>F o 989> lillli: T Ill ;!l(:li:1R?t5<l9!1! 3Jtf!l!l( ~~1*til' /fti: 9' ~Vlt fiilll!l, !II( llil
!1t ;;IJ Jld!! It il> ll'J
s. 3. 2
7C~7'lt!i Ii!!! J!~Slilll:lf Jlf :JEFlll ~
lll! 1'.E Hil>: et Ill'!\! El: llil 'f fU f1iil''lit 'I!:. ~!i! Ji;;!l( ~~~1\1. !i!11!J!; , fl' l!l\i! F :lit Q if: F !JI( (ii!
363
lilt iliJ lJl ll!1'Jl!l~ti ll'J , !!i\l'iJJ!ittllfT a ;l.1f ll!fil L .. ' , NP
q~ (aK,/ )
Cp,- p,)
Pli ffl Ai II M 11 iE X. ftu .f ,
(K\
Ki)t
(t. t/ic,)l_,.2r~
rn=~,to=?
rw
P1n(ro,tn)
P..n(tn) =
2:rh(K 1
+ Kz) [p, -
2<h(K,
+ K,) [ p; -
CV/<,)
K
C""'J
.r,
~
K
+K~
v )"<-, l+t
l
w1 -
p(r,t)]
p,,(t)
(8. 3. 37)
u- 1,2J
."J:l< lt11' !lt;ttHt , ;!: T -1'3G:l:il! r, ,IP.ii!\. r, - 1- r,."" ~ 1- w,. ;.i rtr 11! Ail Ji!., ic r- r, ,ww, .jf~IJ!IJ:!IE'l<ii<~i!l$ ltf\11ill!IHLXt'f~Jlli!!Jl\:S f~tl'Jiil Co if%, !f.:l:!filitll'J:lfll!fll )Ef!'I
ffe{'fllJ""} ~
(8. 3. 38)
'Yi'V~Pio
[
w~ ~:
CD dtwo dtn
A(P2n
r JP1n - ri ap2DJ
Drn
Jrn
Prn) = 0
(8. 3. 39)
CS.3.40)
.,,., 1
(8. 3. 41)
(8. 3. 42)
~ tn = 0 B;f'
Pin(ro,tn) = P1nCrn,tn) = O,
(8. 3, 42)
Ti!ii Ill :l<1i:!R;il"J)'l!1!'1<ll'I' i'J ii! (8. 3. 38)- <8. 3. 43), Ji3X1 it ri!'.it:lt to ftil!!. ~'l\51!1!, l'i'Xt
' 11') '.it:fl r fl' W eh" '.itJ!<. llJf:lfll! (8, 3. 38) fll (8. i. 39 )'!\:~ f\'.'ll::lfll!, Ji<I tl: :lZ Jtl\'N!ii!i 'll:~J
Fn '13'1 W eb.1 :ll'J!<fl' lil.'.itl!I!, Fn Xtl!!. tl:'.itl!1!U!rr'll:fl!llt1Jll. 1! llJ3':11!1J !II! 'f Jlli J: !'Ji!'I. '1lt Ill
ffl 1'F't" - "1!1.m I!!. ~'.itl!1!. ffl" - "'/<ii< webe< Jl:j;<.
1l 5t xt,;;: 1!11 I''! II! fl'!!!. ti::!\' l!1! ,
(8. 3. 44)
rv 2P1o<rn,s) ---- (ws -+- A)ft1n -+- AP~D = 0
r: V ~Pin(rn,s) - (wis + A)P1D + J.Y,in = 0

( ) - ( r -JPifl + Y,aPin)
_ 1
CoS-PwnS
-,
<ffn
-P..o(s) = (Pin -
(}rD
ap,,I
S ;;;
1-
(8.3.46)
apw '1
Pin - Sa;:l)
(8. 3. 47)
I 'll~l
1.n-= = 0
(8, 3. 48)
II.I Fn M:lfllH8. 3. 44 )-(8. 3. 48 )fli weh" '.itl!1!. IE T ~lllJ'.it II rt; )i;:X.l!;!::IJ 1,;;;rn,;;; = ,jj(
'I< 3. 6 Jt ,_ o, :)l;!R?f:i'J!<J~ ;IJ
Pio<rti,s)
l,n_,.=
I 'p-1
'n=1
(8. 3. 45)
PitiCrti,s)
(8. 3. 49)
364
p(rD,5) =
f"
!R,(fi,,v)~D
?=ol
N(/))
P(l-',s)
dD
(8. 3. 50)
!"
ll! !lil!lJ'l-if<l'f !'J !,(!fil , ill oli! 3. 5 If! 2 ff lit II: lfiiEPi!i il!!t R, f1J ltl;il!!t N (fi) :fr~rJ ;lg
Ro(rn,f3) = Jo(/3rn)N1(/i) -
Nu(flrv)J1(fJ)
(8. 3. 51)
(8. 3. 52)
Ji</3) + Ni</1)
tl''i'< 3. s 'i'<llL!'fliEmil!!t 1<,cp,,v!,lll.fl!\Jil,1'iT1ettJ9t,
1'l({J) =
viRo<f3,,.") =-P~R"(J3,rJ)>. aR,j
arv
(8. 3..53)
"ll" 1
(8. 3. 54)
<t'l\llJ ~fill ~il'I ~"Ii 1.;i.frJJ. m'.1!'1!1!5': cs. ' 49 >~:!rill cs. 3. 4< Jf1J <s. 3. 45) Jli'.ll'l!1!. nr11Hne
fl:il!!t:lrlll!I!'
(8. 3. 55)
(8. 3. 56)
(8. 3. 57)
'f!i!fl:il!!t:lr!!i!CS. 3. 55)jiU(8. 3. 56)1l)i'l:'.E/Jilt

(8. 3. 58)
(8. 3. 591
(8. 3. 60)
(8.
3. 61J
Jli!#M lit ll!?J!'.1!1!0 il!!tl!.!'iT !ii:ll'l!1!, Fn:ll'l!1!ii'J ;t!ii i)iL Ill !ii:ll'l!1!"1: cs. 3. so Hl (8. 3. 60 JjiU
(8. 3. 61) !iiilll Fn !It Ill
ill] BiJJ in~"' il!!t
llt"'"'
(8. 3. 62)
(8. 3. 63)
365
63J;!J'fTl!rf\Ol!({1!fi'lJ!. i!Jf /ll;JJitrl'/.~{'f (8. 3, 46)- (8. 3. 48).

ill'JlBi:l:J ;lg T !It tll 'if Iii; Bi :IJ , J'EsJ: c8. 3. 62 l if1J (8, 3. 63 l '!" 4' '" -1, 'ifio
ifjJ (8, 3,
ln(s) =
11
~(s)
T,,(,)
4f""/l=Qfi(fl)+1-.ll(/3)
1
re:
dP
cict - A fi
2
1r 2
4 f~
=
ir1
r,;
~-~ Jf({l) + Nl(fJ)
C1Cz -
dP
,ti
7f
~ ~f;_, Ji(PJ ~ Nf(PJ ,,,~'.'.'. ,, <l/

4r'
l2i(s) =
'f2J11~0 Jj(j3) + Nf({l)
YA
C1C2 -
A.2
dp
7f
(8. 3. 64)
i J:st11: A (8. 3. 62lifll (8. 3. 63)~

P1v(l,s) = l11(s)Q1
+ l12(s)Qi
P2n(l.s) = lti(s)eJi
lii(s)Q1
(8,
3. 65)
(8 ..1.66)
!J:C:::'il:t1:Aitrl'/.~{'!'<S. 3, 46l(8. 3, 48l. "J'l4c;lJ;,l\st
Cf)sP ..v<s)
P..n(s)
rQ\ (s)
= l11Cs)Q1(s)
+ r~Q2
(8. 3, 67l
l/s
+ f 13 (s)Qz(s) + SC!1
(8, 3. 68)
(8.3.69)
(8, 3, 69)
(8, 3, 70)
(8.3. 71)
t::. =
er+ Cnsli 1 + CnsS) (/ 21
/ 12
+ S) + CY + Cf)s/
2
12 ) ( / 11 -
1~ 2
+ S) (8. 3. 72)
lli!l'E, 'il: c8. 3. 69 l - CB. 3. 71J :ti llJ. i!P!lf illl lik!!r fl; 'it :I: ' (J'J E,IJll iii l!(, 'l'Jil;!J'rrl!( {I[ li<lli!.
m't~LI: i'il: <s. 3, 59 JfU cs. 3, 10 >it.A <s. s. sz >ifll cs. 3. ss l , Iiill ff<J!li J!lgp l4~lll! 'I' 1lif J: B'J:JC
:l:!rn ffi.:ll?r ;fJi. !$'Ill! it#l'B'J 13 (J'J R '/llfll'J'I: tll 1t JJ!i:JC:I:~ ffi:ll p.o<tnl , lt st rn. 3. 7Jl Ji ll!B'J!li
lf!, !Pill p.v&Jt.\l<ttXt tv/Cv (J'J;.l\ tlli~, lit"' Co.S ,; l'J& w if1J Y51'#ttiiJ~ tll-,/J{#lJZ
tlli ~. m8. s7i< lfj Jt't 4 ,rlll'~llli jjl'B'J *i+c. ~iiilli !t r X'I 1tll!i Biil (J'J l!l"lfl ;,tm '!l:llF J:ilt
lfj T J:lj 1\!t!ill ifjJ !It~ !1112: fl;) (J'J f'itlllf' ' r- 0, 5 X'J IE T J:lj 1\!t iil ill! I r ~ I :J1 mz T !It 'It iil II! Eil m
s. s "I ~ ,l1'f illt iii$ It r i~ 1J, ctm o. 6) ii'Jtlllf' :It 'ill '5:tlfl'ti~fl!ili''f !Ill 1' .l\ >'ftjlg J:IJ 1\!t !ill B'J tlli
!I<< ili;1!l' "Tf OO 8. 6 1:;' 00 5. s ;11:11' ltlJl) , Mr r~ o. 9 B'Jtlllf' , Jt ill! ~-"J:!J 19\!ill ill! iillil!'!i! B!&
SJl iii..# Jl.X1Zilltill!~1:;' !It 'It ill! i;J<j)Jj~'f' rel .!> ::E lil r~ o. 999 Bt, !ll~ill! i:l<-"!it 'It tllii!<i.Lli1o1i'!i!
!II fi'J, Eil Jtt jjJ 'l'., i !ll 'lt!illlll 'f !ll~iil ilf!;!J'ff#1!i'ill! ~lllit, oJ Jl!jfj i:'~ lfj B'J#~1ill!E~::l:ll!
366
>ii. itiJl)l)I T ;i;( JL!lil!HIJ f.ii '1! 1'L

IE 8. 7 ffi HL'l l'r 4 't'it'llt1l< i.E (l'J c$i'f T -lil1'1- ft w X1 tt ill: ffij) f!'Jl!ioil ffi IE 8. 71lJ 1,\1.. 7t
'll' r {l[;f ;1!;4Ejftji<)[[f I lilll' It w lt tt Jl!:ffij) 'f'iittl!'Jtl o~ :Ii'!~;
*fl'l.
-elG
_.'
of--..!"
_.~
Cn=10
;.=10~
S=i
.,,,,,o~i
LO
- '=J---- 0 .....---_,__-~>----~-~
1
2
3
4'
lg(tu!Cv)
0.01
0.001
S"'\
Cn=IO
3'1# Jillli:tJ~~~
:i1J . fL n 989 li!i'!Dil!ll 'IE T llt~lil! llf!'J 1t Jl!:ffi;IJ 'f'iitt.
ti! . 7
B. 3. 3
:ll!itidlill-4'113~ w
JC II 7c X'( !ii ii!! ii
111! {Ejfj~;\l( Jl!1li! !il filJ JI!!,
;It$iJl.i il! Z 11lJ1!J!l!ilit' iJl.iJl! f!'JIJJt:fr~IJ ;IJ h, f!l h, , ~Jll$:fr%1J ;!)
K, f!l K,. mkliJ ilit ii/J;lld!( !liiil ll'J , ljL Bou,det (1985) ,
r oo :fr"" l'>ittl!J!i "t <ib\: f!l 1tliltwl!i 'fll 1l%(1t1lil '!''! !Iii::: !'l'tl!& :fr~u i.!lfi lill 'IE !li
fflf!'J*~~~:ll'!~~~~A~'llt~&~.
;i'!iit!WJ!i
li: l'> 1t :ll'!lli 1t 1lil fl'J Ji! II' l!I 'f s ~ o it!ll l!!. '!'"tIll *f J!l liljl!'1tJ!'. 'l Ii.!1 T"1J :iE :1: ii'! :I: ,
8. 3. 3. I
367
---
r
(K 1h1 /;,zh2)t
rn = - ,tv = ---... _..i
[\k,h),
r,
(\k,h),]w.
2rr:(K1h1
Kihi)[ p, (.r,t )
QB
P,v ('f'n,tn) =
J .
"
p, , J"" 1,,,
r _
K,h,
l _ ,
K,h,
_
(\k,h),
- K1h 1 +Kih:' - ar,. K 1h 1 +K2h1'w- (tf>c,h)1 + (</K1h)2
(8. 3. 73)
Ca= 2rr:[(<A-:;f;)t 1- (~,h)l]r;.
=,
:it <P cn Ji!!i'f ilil lf! .=:ill' ill l!\Ull il'J ,

m~ %'Ill' #tif 11! il'J 3C 1; mill' iilt ::nl'Ho "'f!li;}i'f 1iJ :EJ lllt
Y'il 1Pin<rv ,tv) = w a~~D
ri 'V 2Piv(rn ,to)
= li!f
1< r
P1v)'
A(P2D -
(]~: + ).(Pzo -
P1D),
P1n(rv,tn) = Pin<rv,tn) = p.,D(tr.),
raPin+r3 ap2n=-l
Jr-n
:Jrn
==
Pu:>(rv,tv)
<
(8,
00
<r <=
(8. 3. 75)
ifrn = 1 ~
(8. 3. 76)
(8. 3. 77)
'
(8. 3. 78)
Pzv(rD,tv) = O,
1: tn = 0 f1it
M:Q'lll (8. 3. 70 ~IH8. 3. 75llli'ltt'L El:Cl:J!l!, l4l!iffl'i 1' Vlair<::!fllilil'J /f 'll!lf!,
P1nCro,tD) = P2D(rn,tn) =
rvip,D(rD,s) =
3. 74)
O,
wsP1n - A<Pao
2-
P1fl)
(8.
3. 79)
(8. 3. 80J
Yi'il Pzo(ro,S) = WisPin +).(Pio - Pin)
(8, 3, 81)
:Ql!il (8, 3. 80) ~ (8. 3. 81) il'J li!if!li!l\m!;ltll Ji! !ii: !J; il~ /, ~ K, il'J i1J<ttlf! ft. X'f 'f 3tPfi:k:l\ !t,
P 1v(rp,s) = A 1 K~(ar 0 ) .PuJ(r,s) = AiK 0 (ar,_,)
Jl; <!' , a ;ll\ s il'Jj\'/ J:eil ~, E lj':j;t'( wJ :fll A l'f ~,
1'f 'i!; (8. 3. 82Jj1:}J8. 3. 80) ~ (8. 3. 81) , 111

A 1 K~(crv)]
(8. 3. 83)
- A1Ko(d'rv)]
(8. 3. 84)
"Yfi!A 1Ka(a,-v) = mt.41Ko(O'rv) - A[AtKo(irrIJ) YiiflA 1 K~(O'rp) = w,sA~Ko(Gtrv)
A1
f .l:'i!:f\'.A (8. 3. 83l:fll C8. 3.
84ljl}!~*
(YW -
WS -
+ A[A:Ko(dro)
i [Y 1f -
= -
(8, 3. 82)
WzS -
A]Az
(8.
3. 8.1)
A,,Jit1t ::!l~'f a' !'J-1';01'<
..\.)
(Y:<""' -
W2S -
,\)
..l.2 = 0
(8. 3. 86)
iti::!fl!il ff j!lj 1'11!.
a;~.l[w,s+A+~+ /(w,s+A_""+A)' +4l']
(8. 3. 87)
(8. 3. 88)
Y1
a;
'\/
[w sr~,t. A + ws r'f- ). _ ~/(

2
Y2
w 2s
+ A _
r2
ws
YY1
+ A)~ + 4A
rr~
fJ:;J; a,' fl!"' f':A,J;Cs. 3. 85H4ol1J A, :fll A, '1ril'i1'fli.jl}f':l!!l<8. 3. 82)jlljJJ
Pio= b1B1KoC111rn) + b2B2Ko(rizrn)
(8. 3. 89)
368
1~M~------------------
......._ ..............
(8. 3. 90)
bl = 1
(wis
Y2qf) ,b: = 1
(w2s -
i'tal)
(8,
3. 9ll
EE P1 ;a Jll IJ'd'f <s. 3. 76 l :f!1 <s. 3. 77 >i1'J 'Jl'l!l!o!:J!Uli

(8. 3. 92)
b =s(l - b1 )(Yb1
+1
Y)1J1Ko(0' 1 )K 1 (cr,)
s(1 -- bi)(Yb1+1 - Y)u:;K"(CT1 )K 1 (<l\)
($. 3. 93)
f ;>:;.i, B ,b ill' f"tA ( 8. 3. 89 l:f!l <8. 3. 90 l , #II'~ fiJ itlJll il'd'f c8. 3. 76 >, 1111lf>t ill' jf jf Ill; !1111
A'J Ii;. "' '!'!
(8. 3. 94)
D(,) ~ (b, - !)(Yb,+ I - Y) ,E(s) ~ (b, - !)(Yb,+ I - I)

bi~bl
bi-bi
cs. 3. 95)
EE 5'\: CS. 3. 94) :f lj!l!l'l'!ill'Jlt i!!!it tlJ elf Jll'. !1111i1'J'l'!111'11'! p.v (ID) ,
8. 3. 3. z A:ff!ftll!'FD*iltll~
!!i!fl'"1 llij!!j ill ii<Jiil( Ji IZl 'f:fr ~IJ:;I; S, :f!1 S,, 'f Ji!:itJ Jllc\'l<f'f(8. 3. 7G) fil'Jli::!if JlZ
p.,p(to) = P1v(l ,tv> -
si:,.' I
0
,j = 1,2
-(
) - 3 1 JP\n
-<)
sJPin
Pio
1,s
~ = PtD 1,s 2-;:-"' D
(8. 3. 96)
'n-1
(8. 3. 97)
w D
EE'l\CB. 3. 89l:f!lcs. 3. sol .mU::O:.!itt!J
+ b1B1Ko(i:tz) + Si [b1B11J1K1 (a1) + b2B211iK1 (o~)]

B1Ko<o-1) + B2Ko<r12) + S2[B1a1K1 <a1) + B2112K1 (112)]
b1B1KQ (<11)
=
B1u1K1 (0-1)
B 1ciK 1 ( 11,)
Cs. 3. 98)
(8. 3. 99)
(8. 3.1001
(8. 3. 101)
369
($,
c =(Yb:+ 1 - (Yb1
[I
K,(,)
Y) bi q1K1<01)
+1-
Y)[b,(
+ S1
KK(;,))
01
I ~
~i.i; 'l!il/i JloftA.5'$ 8. 3. 89) "11 (8. 3. 90) , # Xf rv
j'
K,(a,)
<t1K1<111)
+ S)]
'
,S$- I ~(~?))+~'Ii) J
~
3. 102)
(11
(8. 3.103)
;I: "'lit, j!f fll 5'\ ( 8. 3. 100 l iif lll #Iii; Bi;IJ (!<]fl<
H!ifl:
(8,
3. !04)
h1Y!l-Y
~:(~~;~~~;~;:)=~~~;;~~:;~~s~~
(8.3.105)
b1 (' K.il(11)
a 1K 1 (u1 )
+s1 ),
1 KoC"1>
'. a 1Ki(<1 1)
+s2 1
,1
(8. 3. 106)
lfxl: (8. 3. 104)l!i'i'J!il BO fl:Jl!Jilll!. RP1l! 7Gllt!i<J 'if lili lli;iJ p., (t,l
rill it;e JL#i!li..,,. fl\'%
]) O'i 5'(!<] ii!!SU!Ff 111 li'J RP S, ~s,. WJ xi:< 8. 1oo ill !th
j
(8. 3. 107)
\' "1-li
1
1~
[J-w
limoi=lim[wr'+
-~
-~U:1-r 5 +1-r
J-~
YA.
+0().1)]~ rw'
limD(s) = 1 - Y, Jirn.};(s) = Y
"; Y<w
at, (c,
-w
+OO'J]- 1
-I-Y 5
-o
.i-o
D(s)) Ej <"1 ,E(s)) lt~, !Ji t.i 5'\ (8. 3. I 04) (!'Jl!lJJ,ljf)j'\;!J
(8. 3. 108)
(8. :;, 109)
(8. 3. l!Ol
(8,
3. 111)
(8. 3. 112)
3> lJ IJ!ttl!J!i , r~ w~ L :! s, ~s, ~s, m~ ;;\CS. 3. 11 D Ji:!' frill! ll:: ;lg

-
. )
K, C /"i')
=
2
Cns K1C./S) +SsK 1 <./S)-sK~(./S)
Pwnls
(S. 3. 1131
4) i(l(l'Ltll!B .r-1. xrl'\<8. 3. 87):fll (8. 3. 88l!fl11lUll.1iJ1'

. _, 1. [Cl IlmOJ=lm
r-1
IlH:T 1
lir~i
!
w)s
1-
r-1
w(l - w)s
(1
- rl))5
+ ,\] -=
+).
(8. 3. 114)
+ ,\ s
limE(s) = 1
Y-~1
(8. 3. 115)
f(s) =
'
/w(l -
'\/ (1 ....
w)s
111)$
+ ,\
+;. 5
(8. 3. 116)
i'EJl.J!ll t-O, ,-..= ,m~ <1j :fl1 <1j il'J11U!! Ell;;\ C8. 3. 1081 :fl1 ( 8. 3. 109 J!;ltll ,D (>) :fl1 EC >l $ ;;\ <S. 3. 11 o)!fr t1J , Im ffif 1'E JI. Jiil ,1!.tilil!' lii Je.til !It:)t;l\Jtt illl !.\\ ;j!j !ill ,
5l
Jll(~i!!' 11-Jllll!'tt.
sJ
:i(l(~i!!'!'<lllll\Jtt. 1E~Jlll i-=o.~~;i:cs.
b1 -
3. 9D4'
(Y-1)/Y,b 1 -1
D(s) .... O,E(s) -
Im jfil 1E !'<Jiil :)t;!litt illl !.\\ .lij lli1' ~ i!Ejg ;IJ Iii( iJ 1f JB ~ ili ' :it;!ii JI! rll l'\ ( 8. 3. 113) !fr tll
l!I s. s !it ti! Je m_*Jll( Ill i1b tttlt ll1'i Binil'ttilll Ii.I<. :)!;Ji! l'iiJ@i'JltJl,JCJ!a'1:< fl'J. c"e"- 1 ' ' - "
~ 4X1 o' ,w- 10 .., , Jf&~i!!'$1J!li: 1:t Y- 0. 6, 0. 9, 0. 99, O. 999 :fll J. 0 :I!; 5 t-0!!,
Ell I!! 8. s 1iJ !:.I 'Iii tll 1:.1 T J1, .\\\ ,
1E 'l'-J!ll 1.tlllvtt 11\1 !l! J'.1:
OJ ' il' tt illl Ii.I< .lij j!ljIll Je .tilvtt1f JB;j!j lei
iE ~Jiil > !ltit;>'I ~tr .i,t ~;;!;$1l'!l!: It r ;f!lfilf1'! tt w fl'Jt\J Jil(!l'tt,
iE '!' Jiil ,!l!J'.l:il!\"1:111:!!'tt. r 1fll"'1i'tlll:l'IL ~rT' Bin illl !.\\ r lil'@;k: 5 JB ~ !l!:t!!,ll!;k:. tj
'r '!''Ii' illl ll< .r {f@:ki't Ill: l3! r l"I fl'J l*It t!!,.tlll;k .r ~ 1 lit~ :i(l( l'L!!' tt
;lt'E;'IJcJ!! (tE I!! 8. 8 4'* lili tll )Jiili.~ "' ;f!l k-"jiJ'Xtillll'.lll:il'JJli o~. Xcf T' 'J' w jiJ', ]!!j ill :IC
>Iii ilt: JI. Jiil illl !i( liJ lit Jiil illl !i! iii! ::J:: :ti !ill , ~Jiil <llifltT' lJ !lt.l\!1! , fill' Ill: >I( Ji: Xtf;k w 11!! , 1fll j!'
tt il!J!i!'-'flli1' .!\!It i;l] &\!;'f., XJ'J'-1-flTJEil'J k "{f, 1'j)j;ill:*:lil )i)fol! i11J !.\\it-, k- ''m_
JET.~.* !l!l\fttfl'Jil!\itii Bi;IJ, 1'1\tJlll, Pf! fl'J/J<JEftil! il'"''IJcjl, Coe",
8. 3, 3, 3
*z
:jj'l\!:# illl' .!f"!l< ill!!2
lt!lll 4. 6. 2 ,, '!' 1Jii ffif# fl1i!'i ll<lll:Jlt l'L:f' Jefl'Jllf '.lli'.'1'!:.1.&llt1t' Bi~il'Jiiltl'i1 # iiT!S!li
8. 3
A;f'1C ffi o/;; ;jc;<t
371
..................
:!;!I< SZ5&1!i, OJ'! IIll fi5&f.12:11'12!11l 5!: (4. 8. 20 J , NP

(8.3.117)
tnlC,,
l!l s. s
ll:'11*ll1llllitJMj!i!llJilili!JillJliJl!;fll!I:IJ~tt
m!if"J Ill~ Jll!flilll!/Jlt;lf ff tl'l!lJ&J!iZ il'J fli! !'ii, 'JI l!I' rn ~r / r ' " :Jlii': 7C Jll)j "15l: (8. 3. 73) lE
~~~.r~~~~~~~Foil'17C!t!llJi1llR~-**jg
(fl-jilD
Y ( ---;:T
"'' D
[r
,, ""11!':11' 11\'1!3 il'1
i.
~ =
'" D
aP2D)
' "j!f.1v
Yi (
dP1n)
+ -rv1
Jrb +yD
JP1b +Yi
FJro
IJrn
W2S -
=cneisP?v+k
aPto]
a,.D
~
-2S cJS
1sP1n ~ Ae
(P20 ne
P10)
P2n-P 1o)
+ sP..n
= 'D-l
. <S (-
(8. 3, 118)
\8. 3. 119)
(8. 3. 120)
P1v(l ,s) = fa2,.,(l ,~) = fa.,o(s)
(8. 3. 121)
P1nCrv _.. =,s) = P1n(rD ..;r.. =,s) = 0
(8. 3. 122)
!li;{J:l. ff
(8. 3. 123)
P1n(rv,s) = AKo(O'rv), P2v(rn,S) = BKo(Q'rv)
1tAJil'1 (8. 3. l!Slfll (8. 3. 11 91 ,Ji1!llil!~jg

(Y<f! - ~
A,e-i:s)A
Cne!IS
,1e-::s A+
[ (1
Y)at
+ Af3e is= 0
(lc:e:)s -
Ae-2s ]B
(8. 3. 124)
=
(8. 3. 12G)
Ji1ll!ll<8. 3. 124)f!l(8. 3. 125)ff""il'1*f'fjg,

(8. 3. 126)
(8. 3. 127)
372
(. I (1 ~- ,~).1
+ k' t'
6~1l...c:"'"I=T-
'
~w\s
-'"'
ll
+k
z;;:
j +r<1-n[
4 (~l'1S)J
1~
(S. 3. 128)
jj\'.<8. 3.126>f!JC8. 3.127'1-\:A:lil'IC8. 3. 124>f\H8..J. 125){1'

jJ1v = h1RtK0(111rD)
+ b2R1K0Cf12rn)
j) 1" = B.Ko(O',rr,)
r8.:3.129)
B2Ko(U;rn)
(8.
3. 131)
(8. 3, 132)
(8, 3, 133)
(8. 3. 134)
K~<.11 1 )
in= (Yb,+ 1
-~
--;c
K~(rli)
0 1K1 ('11)
, K';'(it 1 ) =
/)(1 - b1)K1"(r:J,)
J;;.~.':.!!..L!..
01K1 Cit,)
(8. 3. 13:-iJ
(fb 1 +1 - Y)(l - b,)K\(a,)
!rtC8. 3. 133)f8(3. 3.134Jj~AC3. 3. J29)f!J(8. :1. 130),JtJIR r,,-1 fi!::lllLZil!*fi~'L:!lffilffi
:IJ ~l ~ Iii '!'

(8.3.136)
P~n(s) =
Ku(q 1 :1K,1(01),
s[sl<" (a1 ) Ko (0'0 ) -r lJ(.< )<71K 1 ( d 1) K 0 (di J
--/-
E (s)a 2K, (d~ )K ,, ( 0 1 )

(8.3.137)
xt Jlt.r.,i1bi'l'!IJ1l&ijlf i~ fJ!.41' ll!l Jli.:IJ .&. Jt.\l''l'!M! ;ll::!l!il ttt t"J " \tO'J ~h\ tlli ~.
X f <:' 'F !l\i't F41' l1i5 Ji; :!lffl FE :IJ JI'. m'!'!ill it 1l1i. Si i'li;<f ~ c !'fr tij
8. 4
~ fililbilt
tll 'f :i; ffil lli!!lf 'f:fUB m.f f8l d~lli:!Rll!, W$-liil~Jif ffil.1J $ ll! ill llftt. Bf Ii! 81i~ili$f!J Jlr<:
it il'd~ liil ffl. Ji( iJ Iii! Z ihJo; VJ "1itii!i WJ , t!! hJ ~j ,!!! 111 illltm lit!l'/lll'li"i il!l\ll lf ITTi 7L ;; fiiii!!. >Ji~ lJ
4ri\\ 1-i'r fl' .it lf it at. kf Iii t"i iii ii!! ttm 1i iniiti ill Jif t'J J!l!;lft. ~~ft iill :i!Hl't !if .Ill atliiCi iii!~
ta 7t
'"I ,
'll'"'
w.
373
N
Kh = ~K 1 h 1 , rfoh = b~,h 1
(8.4.IJ
gp"J' Jt cf N <i\!l! '!!: K,. ;, ,h, Jlklll J '"fl'J~i!i$. i'L rnil!tlll 111\ !IL 'l\'1'r Jl! rniul!!t'ER'"", !ii' ~1
jj! illt R iiJ1 ITT~ :;t !E :b !,f 11" 1f Cf Ii'! l!1 It fl'J $ Ill !l''i'L 'l'ii'l- Ill fiij :<L Cf ll'Jlli {I({l1Jllii1 !t l1'i jt tt Ill'
;\ . l<t!ilm! "ij ,\!_ A'J $ lllt!'tt'
31; F;J;J: , 1!11 8. :l. 3 fi ?If lil!li:fi'J j!J,Jlk$ Ill (ii) ,!!J , 'I' i::tH' R '!! 'f J!!i ll\L 7'<1J~lilf YE ff :t: $ Jl! H'J
fiil .Ill. yq lll s. !. 3 11' '!'?Jilt,$ Ill l'iil l\llITT '1!:$l!!l!!! "5 $~fr lil\ fl'J '1!:$l!!l!!! Jii<j>:ffi fill Tilii JJ-~1J
iili': 3G mi:ici!' Ill fll 1!11 iB l'H!l illJ'I. $ l>Hiil !\ii.
8. 4. 1
1i::~7'~JS)l!lil
Mf Jt"1;ic$Jl!:JGl!l\ilt tlfiB ,'f'"5 lfFl!B<'.fll !tlii, !t~ \,~K,h,! , ,P,~ p, - p/,,t), m1Jj][
EC 2l' l'EiJ 1J l'l i'U it! J'I. !id'/' '.!if Ill im T ,
(8. 4, 2)
(8. 4. 3)
(8. 4.
I)
P (r w_, ---1> = ' s) = ()(8 ' 4' 5)
;Ir !'I <8. 4. 2J Jlk !lii'iL!I!: !il %J; 1f Ml MJC [{ ;ic !ii!. Ill , :)J; t<f J1 "5 :ll' ~It 'il' l!! D! lll! %J; i '!!: K, c,
*
J
/,;;, >'If 7 ffi'J
mi.'1 lf. ~it Ill iE ill K, A'l ~ nll5 , 111

(8. 4. 6)
lf(s) =
,1 ~ K1Crw J;;;,)
1
V-:Z
,~i
KoCrw1 J;;X,)
rll li: rn. ' sli!l1Tttiilli ill! n ltli!!lii '1' (J<J If :iJ JJ- 1ii.
Jl\!it liK !t li1' lf.:b , l'El'\ cs. 4. 6l '!'"' '~ ,., " Iii !tIll; If :b 79
F>.,,(s) =
2;;1rfics5
(8. 4. 7)
<s. 1. s>
'i k'l iil;HJI, Xt'f !e<g< !<rr ,H(; l 7"0" Tiliiliief\'Ji<ffi;iJ (J<)Jiii\l'~l]j. Jt il.R"1'fiti~lt~l!IJ!li
Ji!, 'f!J Ill ,-o at ,K, ;fU K, 1J'1Jfili''i!f ltli: , "!111
(8. 4. 9)
374
(8, 4. 10)
(8, 4. 11)
8. 4. 2
lml~~lf:il~~)!!j-
-"f'f 1!11 ll> i'tr1l (I)$ ii! lilill! , ll! r~ JCill!ili, :i;~ Jli 'll!!Z ~u !f1"!, <Elft F:: '2 r~ Jf l'1!*1l l'l it!Jllil!<
f'f17Ha <a. 1. 2J~<s. 4. 411&11:, >U1'?rit!l'fil!<l'f.lll!l'Ei!ltJ11

(8,
A;K~(r J;/;,) + B 1 l~(r M)

Bl l!!Jlli\!<f'f(8. 4. 3), (8, 4, 4l'1'il (8. 4. 12) Uf{lf A,,B, *1l P.(,)jf ~IJ~J
P;(r,s) =
1 ~)p
=l1 (RZ;(S)
4, 12)
(8, 4, 13)
(s)
w
(8.4.14)
z,(s) =
K~(r.,J M)/1 (R; AA>+ lo<rw,
M>K1(R,
AA)
tS.4.16)
1lf>i:(8. 4. 14lM'ftii'(IJ A, *1l B1 l'tAiiJ!<!<B.4. 13)'!' ,!f*

zo,(r,s)
Ko(r
zlJ(r,.,,s) =
M)l (R, ,J;/i) + lo(r /;/i>K1<R ,J;/i)

1
K 1 (i-,., M ) l 1(R1
M) - -
li(r.,;
M)Ki(Ri
/;Ii>
(8. 4, 16)
(8. 4, 17)
WU <E l!I: Fi: '2 liij fl'J !E ;iJ "1'i '!& ilJ'.1 Jill;
- ( ) _
PJ r,s -
~o,(r,s)
.,
21rs .i::,(s) ~~ .. r"'- ~ 1 TJ(r., 11 ,s)
J., 1
/;
z,(s)
Bi >I: C8. 4. 18li1tfr~il!& iJi!, llf )!.( .>JHi!~'!!!l '2 fiij 'l'Jllll! fl'J !E;IJ ?!' :fli.
(8. 4, 18)
375
(8. 4. 19)
{!<) ltL '!\! 1'E l!f 1'1 Cr , s) 1'E s- Oilttili'JI 7f , ;\! Jt , if! Jll ll!! !!< ii 'lit K, , K, J, J, {l<J!ll'!lrcl!!l!s'il:it A
JOl:C8. 4.18l. i>!U!!Foill
(8. 4. 21)
Tlllil'f !<lle1f il cs. 4. 19>{!<)11!, 1lJ" 11.( liE '~ , 8l ~xtllJ"!ll' llJ"'llr {!<):le~ ;!;1'11!.s, .s, ,. .. ,,,. ....
12: ffl illl 1' s ;!('Fill fl:J :IJt !);$1: ~
;-;, = - ia0 ,
s, -
(8. 4. 22)
(8. 4. 24)
--www_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
WWW _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_, ,,,.
WI"'
t'>[P ! \r ~)e~] <-, 1
= -
.'!:.J.~---
.,
!(A'.2
A'.2)/
Q _ _ ,.
'l[
N
I
-1z L.:;
~.
-
l
'lr
a;;r w 1
.,..,,.,,
w,"
4&
C8. ,1. 25)
tf'IN
Jr k=I
cs. 4.
' I. r'
r,,.k
zx. \
26)
1)
(8.
4. 27)
"1 J: sl: 1lJ :1t 1114HlH"1 F Ji :'1

Q_,(t) = -
!')
2rr~1 r,,J( 3
,
, r=r._
lt9' .Q li!:Ji'ii N !i!fJ1f,~.f'I; ,Q, li!:ll\ j Ji!(f]j)'Fl!;,

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sJ: 18. 5. 9l;li\ Fick !t Iii: lit i1! !i]-fl'li!it% it, sJ: <j1 . D' (m' I J !IF j\J lil!:l:!r"lli: lli '!!:,A 1 ll't ilil lR.
dm I ;\dt li.t-lld~t~" lli:illi lll: J,, f i'\ ( 8- 5. 8 l liJ rn. 5. 9) ti tttl; , -If Ill 'f $ !~ti/ifft , R~ il!Jt~~
If
(v
'
D'
.. =--\Jc'
-v-l
(8,5.10)
(,
J,=-D'\lc,
(8.5.11)
Xt T-f~ ~J lll i*B'J iill>lJ j4i ,;\ jijjJ1l , iiJ.j{f rff i J:j!jt , 'f Ji! Fick 11!-!ilttli!:lillfJ'J Jiil!I J!i;J: j\J
(8. 5. 12)
,.1 r iii: 14' fl: "AA!J:: J<Jl/ll JJ:: ~l tn JB , lilt:'l't~i! If " ~ o. ~IJtrtr~Jt !!!: " l!<trlli:lfc 1: Q, ~J
ARD'T" \le
' p"
D'
v=-------~\lc,Q~=----M----z
(8,5.13)
:J1: 4' ,R J!di'Jli "( f*ii\''1!: ,M ;Ii\'\ fj;J}'f !ii;. A Ji!d!Y IR, J!!<!iittii ii
J=- IY\Jc
(8.5.14)
,J; (8. 5. 13 l Ill< 8. 5. 14 J~>Jif Fick ;.f 1$ 8'; :f liil-IU!l\JB ;;~ , :/f Hti:&liJ; Fick ll'!-\E lill,
-roo ill 1'!t:<:frn:;1rl!I 1111'ti.!!-!l'H1!illi: r'J Ii, 1:lii'\ o. o. 4l:Ifm*111:& , B'J 'iliiS i#1 'fii
a(p,,)
+ v . (p,/w,)
.it cf .q {!,I\\ it:l!i!lL '!l':f fi'J'EW! it: ~,i: <8.

#, ITTIJ1l!
p,q
5. 1 sHt A.t ;t, 4H'i' \'!! l'IJ Ill!!!'. p,
(6. 5.
]SJ
nJ J!l 11'.d!t ,, ft
(8.
s. 16)
1t'F fl' "1 llll;i;fJ'J JitiW ,JI !ltW. iiJ~ rtf. i 'i;l'lii , ITTIJill
J(-/cl
-a/+
'V
(c</w") = \J (l>'V'c)
(8. 5. 17)
8. s. 11 l Jif Fick ll!=!illi: Ji!: lill~rlfil!IJB5'1:. !>'1 JI! , xt'f iii' ff ,J\!lt't:J!llJ::f.11/ll Jt B'Jiil'JB "
- o, :If 15! fl !ii( If I liJ at l'iiJ t x 5" ,Jlllll
<,i:
Jr= \J <D'\Jr)
(8. 5.18)
ill
X1r'JLriii15' '"1 flJ J'j!)f' 15' '"1 tt1!1iii il!J , J: ,>: ilJ :il' )J1j 1V JJi,
~a
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dt
!(
~)
(8. 5. 19)
l,I\'r'D'
r" Jr .
ilt)
rlr
(8. 5. 20)
rD'
"7 J:~ 9' D' ;;~ 1J, ITTH*:li'l'lfi' t!tt?T'fttl!!:iJ Fick <:i!=iEi*1'
Jr= \J (DV'c)
(8. 5. 21)
ii<
JI; 11' 'D Ji!:$fl fl' t!t9' !lt:!!!Jt1!1 '!\ '!\'. , Jli. {Sl.1'J D' ill fi'J , ffl!i!: m' /s.
il'f ~"l!!:.l\'I\'. D lg 'i' lllJ fll.:1:5';
"I'. ITTtt>l:"l'V ~
(8. 5. 22)
(8.
s. 23)
(8. 5. 24)
s. s. 3
1t~"'tlil~e~1:11#m!l!I
!m l!1J JiJf iiO .111 '!1l. tll *ITT!!< !'1 "Uliii1 tt Ill ill I!! JL f!l(i!IA 'It!~ ,Jli'. Ei3 '!t!ltJ11 A# Ill .1' Ji!; , r
Mll'l IL 9' #1 '!t!lt 11' iAf: {4; 1J !iiii:ll' !JIJ i1I rrit ii>:
jjjj
11i'!L[IJ!( '!' '"l.1* e<J liili

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Ill ilJ it :;\I 1" ~. :1' #1 Jtl II'. ;t. i>i #1!1 '1: 1e ~ :1' tt!li:;J! M. Fick ~ :::'. 1'111 iE II! , j1j Jtl ~ ;t. ttl!!: jjl:J,A,
Fick ':11-t"l!l<i!i'\l.
IJ '"ili!ittl!I ~lib !lt;\!t 9' .ifl, ill"\ {4; It !till 1!Hl 9' ?Ji<li'B'J i!'IJ!! '1:#1 Ji\< lili ~IUf~B'J '\ff i>i
llllJtl!J ~. 1!1\1'.E"' >'.II< !t 1' 4if :fLlf!i'!i<1* 9' Jilf 1'"\1*!ltll B'J kg '!\'.. "\ 1* !ii il!Ji!:lif :il1f !i' JL Iii(
'i' lllJ 9' Jili~ ITT"\ 1*!lt:llt1'l kg 'IX, ITTIJ i!'IJ!!"i: ITT ll<IJ!lit'il'r"I: 1* \!'; iJ! "'5111JL !ll(IJ! ;,. ITT lll1l1. MP
8. 5. 3. I
(8. 2. 25)
it 9' , p, Jil,i!JJ!l "i:!!i iJ! ,,, Jil,1"r !ll:1*fl'1'i 1'lililll '1:1t !lt. ~ 1''11'%Ji!"1J Ill T "\ 1* ill :/J:il:i:lf
II! . z Ji':"'( 14' fl-Jill '11 Ill t .
lllJ>l l.anymufr :lffl' (8. 5. 2) I;; Jl :If !I'~ f*IJil!/U!till"\ 1*!ltll:Y'i V . p. / (h + p.) , I.If J;J "!!
m1:11< rt ,, ll!: Ji!o
V~p.
Cz=p,,+p.,
(8,5.26)
Jt 9' V,iiitJi!lll f!l l!Jlrn1JI , 7\ Ji! Jtfil. {Sl.Jll !<i:il :If!i'!i<ff Jilijl'"( 1* kg 'l\'.l/iiiii, rffli m l/iiii<1" !Jt
11119' ill lil: 'JiJf l'.11" !lt;\!t 'i' "f !ll:1*1* 1'iITT .~.#ill! ,. ~,, +,, "'
383
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(., - RTZ
+ Pr,+
V ~P
Pm
(8 ' 27)
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!ii il'!'ill: f'1<1*1'<'1: X.111 l:/i.l!t ' ,Fiok '1: 1' [ii]Jl; Jlll;:iL. ! 'l\ <8. s. 27) f\'.J.J 8. 5. 2ni<HL Iii( cp EE :IJ
p. llJ:IJ'lll:)g
a_(M1'.P. + v~J>.,_)-".
dt KTZ
PL+ p,,,,
X~ 'f 1!!11 tt if' >fll l!!l J\li lB Ill ilili JiJt #< , l'. '\'; ilJ'i&'!ii illl;
[o"[Mr..
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RTZ
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at
RTZ
PL+ p..,,
ar
r'
"'Jr
FITZ
p,
ij
+ p..,/
(8. 5. 28)
<8 5 29 l

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d,. = D,,..1,
" ( Ci
Tf
(,,,).
( 8. 5, 30 )
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ft~
q =-(;de,.
8.
(8.5.31)
dt
s. J. 2 illi!il cp "i 1*911!Wlii<
Xt 'f!!!!il flil jf, 9'"1: fil'e~!Wli!E, Ell 'f ilililli#<'i' :f flj[:il"I; 1*1t112:JtA!\1!;l. tEi!@:'i't:lflll 9'~
J!:~1';!!;!1!(7J-'ilf' il'fjj/;Jll! 9' :Jil;!!l;: #.\ r, 11 'Ei"''lf' i"'I! ~ Q,, mu 1'.Ei! \!\; :lflll 9' 11.#. iC ''f J!:!!!
!;l 'I' "\;!!!Jilt ti: 'if Ii :If fl!~
(8. 5. 32)
till!li!l:Fn ~ >WJ!: j[r!Ji' rtf> f ;f1l g :)-}~l[f\'. 'il!!!!!il;fll "tI*' Jil!@'lll

!I', ill!!' v,, Ell i!'illil7'1!!.illl;, -J!::<:W.!l<Vltill!I', i'll lli 'f '1': cs. 5. 12 l 9' II'! v,. t: Ji M. n,,cy '1:1'1<,
El ~J!:l!Ut 9'41. i*ltttil!l!t ,t:J!.M. Fick >E 1' , Ells!:< 8. 5. 13 >!II t11 , P,Ji V
:ti;<!' .q. (kg/m',) J!:lfflllil('
1\lc1)
V1i=-(&vP1g+D
~
CJ
(8. 5. 33)
:ti;<!', D;<m' /,Jl!\l!l!I! 'f'"\ f*!tlli:Jl\ ll/ .11 Jil~!i! <!''I, f'i< IJZ!l!:.
!:If Tl! <8. 5. 321 i!'i !I' P1,.f0 <s. 5. 231 v idc1 7'*0 l!I EE:IJ P1 "1:1!<, up 11
P!8 =
'7
c1
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(8. 5. 34)
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18 A!PI)
RTZ1
RTZ.
g
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CJ
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;(
s1~P1g)
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(8. 5. 35)
381
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7, /1~
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tLI'lnF1h&1'
T'(T' 1
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,;tm),.,
(8. 5, 37)
'
(S, S. 31.'l)
ft 'I', A, /11, l1J;lt%Jil!lt1' 3/c., M!t%lil7En z/,,, Mf "li\'5!t'l& ,i'l<lll: ,, 83 >t (8, 5. 21!JI;'
(8. s. 2:lli!'f/JL
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8.
s. 3, 3 Iliff 'I' Jj<:!!iJ!llI:IJM! :Ir!!!!!!
r'.!fl li1t
:l'i1*'11mmhf.~111:or:it.7J<ffi fll m:!!!:1J11r0
SJ~
+ S.rw =
(8. 5. 40)
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s. 1ll
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xt 1' ll' 1t tl!i % . 't F 4t iC J]lf Ill P.l JlI !If.II<''!' ftUll! Lt: :If f~, '!iiil' flil 1~ '1' '{, 7)( Jlli ti Ji II'
18. 5, 36).fll(8. 5, 39)'1'.!if!ilt
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8. 5. 4
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s. 42)
(8. 5. 43)
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.1" llil .Cf 1t . .El:'h ml iliiEl JI!, 'ii' fi Tiffi. mrJ HI!! c8. s. 12 J"1 i.B:M"f J1lt
l ~1' Lr ?P) =pc,?, - q,,,
8 5 44 l
r Jr
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Jr
rm JJli ""!JI cp 9: #> 161 ;!I !it Jt iiiCnJ fl' m~."' fll 1HI!"' jJJj #ti!' JI; '1LflL
7t *U rtJ A (s. 5. 31) ffi

<s. s. 22 l!Ni '1', Ej !I! s. z. l 1'~1!:1 , ! l!lt!JI fi'J Jt fiiJ Jl5'1!'.JJ! IJ! it n1*Jl5, l!llttJfi4!#' JL#~ !!L F
ili i't xi'*.11!'. Jili."1t!lt 'ii tli l'\!i!cfL '?11" ii11Tl'1,
(8, 5. 45)
(8, 5. 46)
m -
,1;,7:,f Ld
(n-1, - rn)Kh
p, mv=
P1 Z
q,,R,
(8.5.47)
r
Kt
KRZ
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ar,,
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J1: 1' , A~!l!ilI !\ l&, R ~li!JfrYc'tt1:, Jii\Fu 11> JGl!t!111rl!!;:ej1 fl:'lt#ll& fi'Jjf} Ah
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rv JrD,
JrD ,
= /(s)Ut0
(8, 5. 49)
[ C,,sm,.,,
(8. 5. 50)
(8.S.51)
mL,(ro -- =.s) = O,
mv<rD =Ro .~)=
o.
*m
:lG '11 :i!!

!!!I J!i ; EE J>f it! J'l-
(8, 5. 52)
l!ll J!i ff I'll J>fit!Jil
(8.
(8. 5. 53)
s. 54)
cit'!' .en JiHtfm#l\'I[ ,s !>i\i S<IB f ' ~jQfl:'J\'!JL fCsJ MfllX1ifi'51!l 1el0'51!i(laJ!>ltijl] llilil +
[11] :
W,'*,;tfj:f(s) = [ (<>+
a(l
w)l
sA+ 1 ..Jx
-:IF~:. :f(s). = ws +1-w[

-,-a
~I~)/[''f'f-U~+
a
/Tic:1h( ./I;_i - 1 J
p,,TKhZ,J
q,,.1'B
" ,p,.
(8. 5. 55)
(8,
5. 56)
(8. 5. 57)
386
(8. 5. 58)
ElJ l!l J'i- :~d'f il' tlH\1&

A~l
'
C,,(,;)
[K,,( /lW) +Ml,(
/lWJ]+
(C,,S.;
1l
[K',( /lW)
Ml,(
/lWJ] /7W
(8, 5. 59)
B = IVJA
(8. 5. 60)
:it'!' xt::icrnxJ;l!l2! B~ o. <t :Jernx. l!ll llf il'!E*n l!ll i'l I'll J;I! I!! M *~'J''1
M
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K, ( .//CiJR,,)I!
(s)Rn)
/l(i)Rn)
lo(.,
(8. 5. 61)
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+ iVll
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l7<?Srn)
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(8. 5, 62)
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-
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'
c,,,[K',( ./J (;J) ~Ml,(./ /(;J) ]+
cc,s, +
lJ :K',(
.//(;)) -
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Ml,<.//(>))
J//<,)
(8. 5. 63)
m,.<i,.i -1,,Jc,, 8'J
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ll'I s. 11 Jlk:JCrn x!l'ili! 'l'Jf If!: ffi:iJ ~' ll'ili i111i'.I!,;i;9' oo <'> :IH~ lil.:ilJ mt iill Ta<; , oo <bl :li\1e
il :15 lilt iilJ T 8'J , fiJf J!z ill ii; 'It ill 1<J
A= 104 ,w = 0. 5,a = 10,Cn = 0. 8,.) = l, 5
8. 6
j)-)f;ilif~
JHf JLfiiJ 'I' 'll'Ji\lilf Ji'.1'11 i'l Ii llJf-t 8'J T ;,il~rJ i111i'.l!!lltllf 1fL 5E :l!lJilH2: 1'f l'l tlf~ f-EB'J $
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3 !11!, 1919 'I' Hau&lodI 1l! iJJ !ll!tt ay U:li\clt'i& ,9fl 5i''i&llll ,jf )JC)( T Hu,,dudf ;~Vlr, Mmddbrnt
<1982 J ~!!t:fU:it~ T itifi JLfif. lil1'1 T {!!J>(5)'1if .jllf'T Hau,dodf lt'i&Ei'J!Jc)( .~ ,:Jj5J'ifi:li\
-1':11! Jr. 2:11= ~1'5f lif !1'/lli ~ i"i 1'mf'f, ~Ji\ i'l'l lll' !Y. :Ii\ Hau.Jocff l~lll!' , Jil-:li\ Hau.Jorff !fl'
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:/#; 1'l!, ft'l'. ft #.l'l'. fil'l', ;/J'J', ;ft*'f'l' U 'Elfl!B\' 'l'~!J1"1lil1l cltl!i'l'Ei'J lit:!! !l'lll, =IE *=IV I
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8, 6 #'Mi'l>!I\
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387
8. 6 1 ~ ~ il" J!IH!ll :7.l' ~ ~ f.E

tE !iii!!'$ 'IL fr l!lt 'IL !lil -'IUt il'J Jtlfi 11\'tt !;.( i!1r , ~ ill :115~ .Jil'. /Ill' II'!'!< EIJ l'!l:l:f~ !\!L !m J1! ~ Ill !ll
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~ 11!~
(8, 6. ll
11;'1' ,N !!tif>R :!l!' s i'J1l!l&, l\tl!ili!ll 'I' l'1 i'J :!l!'ti<R1lltl!'J!i!i J1!l!ill 1'1 i'J. {J!X1'f 1fll/IJ
II' i1l it11!'1' Jill.JIU EIJ '4 t.t1 lib ~t.p 'If" 'Im Jlt 1'R , 11i1 ill ~'J' .:111:1!! !'JI/II Ii'~~: . Til $!;;< :;<;
L(s) = Ns = L 0s 1 -- 0
J1;op ,L, J!11!l&.
I~~ 1
limL(s) '"''' =
(8. 6. 2)
-
$!5i<l!J:1':'21'iJ!fil&, DE [J, 0,2, o] :"1*1tlllt, lll'lt*lt t;JJi,Qlll
,
~?.Ii
lib ~a<J 'l'll\mH!il!l!'. xt D~ 1 tll'Jf Jii:;!;!il\~U , l"lrl'!<l!!tl!l' .t;.!lf f1l , 'fl! (8. 6. 2li!! it;<; <8. 6. !l.
It~ ~.tl: =it PT l!l :l< Jlll , 'lfF 'l'l!~U tt'J ~Ii> ,Ill 5t% JL{ii[ liil l It !ll l!J: fl<JL {if JI! 1i1 *'I lll . -!BtJlll ,
'l~'f ii' !ii i'lllli , 'A <s. 6. 2>Til !Iii":;<; Jtlf 5tlli EIJ 1'*1fl!i!
l1;
*.'h. !I.ilk
d
(8. 6. 3)
I'(: Iii l&
T 1illllJ11! I!\ ~!lil&!!.5t~i'Jj)-Jfi{i> , -1'~i1Hi'J 1ilJ'fl\t:lil<l/IJffll 11: tf J.I:. l\!l~J: 'E :ll! 3!Ill
a<J. ill 1'-:<E ffi}J TTIT 1!1!'E '!l'lllt-t'F'l!l, D '!l'lllt 2!!! i'J. i!:<I: a~ B fl :lil<llll?t Jtll<a<J 2 111#0.
ltl'l-ll<!lll~l" DE [2. o.3. o].
Aff 'IL!!J(. ~#ta<!~ "l' R~ll:'IL1t Ill! 1;'1$llil#01&~ M. TIT~, iil:!!!, ta<Jl'Lllli(it. ~ili$,
'!)< Jf5*1!. :11; t }J ""'l'ltt /il1 Ji ff Jt%1'1tt ill ll!1f,1$1t fr l!lt %1'l'tt a<J ~ Jll;ll!~ ;t :lll<J9il~
Sierpinski ~ H, :YUOO 8. 12
JiJfl.R.
l!;JJ!t~'tll it ;!ll!1<f-1'l'1: :;<; L i'J '!I'll;= I!!% ( iJll it) l'tl il!jl-. !lll'1*'h LI 2 El) 4 1'1J ,'1!fii!l
=I!! M. ;t;~JiU::it!t !lll~ti 5t, "JT :J1i 9 1'lt!*:"1 LI 4 El) Jl!>J,.=.l!J Jf, iii,!! UJ:-fliu fl!:lr3':
Jt~IX. NP ii Sierpinski rlllt. :{Elf! n tt, illJ'F 1J,:=:1!!Jfi!'Jtt N l;'il1:R T, ~ L/2'"'151:!\
388
- - ----
------------= A(l~/s)D
.V
(8. 6. 4)
:II; op. A~ l , D- lg3/lgZ""1 585, :f Ji!J!!:.'!11,
111 8. 12 Sierpinski 1!:>1' ~f!ili!lii!i#-Jf:Jl..llX
:;!]
mm*1' f'F :;1J:& *a<J :t l'l :1r;;t llJ ot f'F Ji! ill!!* I!! ,J, a<J iv '11!1111u1cf111r:t1; !Ii tEtJ<:k Ell 1* 1:
RP ll'Lt~'i'll It op 'i'i!li<Ell .:::.!lllliol fFJ'IHll U<il!!IJ!l:, 11il!lrf Ell N t 1J,.:c.irl Jli'lt f'FJiHL ml:. ~ ltl'lll
R >!' ;!! L Ell :CO!'fl lt\ .P ff if R >f' 0\1 ' (I<] 1-'tlml:B>I, ;ltll l!IJ(!lt:;!J (,/L )',:II; 9'. d Ji!: fl:~ f\ij !fl
ljj:, Ill ili! Jii;jf N 1- 1J':CO !'fl;lfiil'Jl'lllit!lt
1~ ( ~)'N~ c( ;)"'
cs.6.5l
;It op ' c :;!] 11!" 'll:

Ji.( l: Jl.-1-'ll: 'I' l: !11:'1.! Ell $
fL 1t lifi )t %1!!~ JI; iij\ ft !11 op l'L flitjl. fil!'t!L )t :ip Ell ill JI; !l;i Ell
!li*l'<'Jl , 5'1:(8. 6. 4)ji!J ( 8. 6. 5Hjlj )l;ol'fjJ<!lf:lifL!lit5t% a<J!l: iPf'lllJtlltt, #.!!.%!iii D .~.Ji! tE Z
.1;!32.ftt).
Meng 11;1!@ tt: JI. Jll J11' il!Jil $
l'l:11-!lt?t!li!if ft Ell 'l -1-~H' -AiJill ~I!:\ J:'l t< :;!] L (I<] Wi
:!l:trf*;, !fl 11):11': 5t Jilt m' 1' liil <!':k1J' EIJ tJ' :!l1rtt:' 1f'J'!i~!JCifilm1J :!;!Ii< ll!l5ti!ll' (l<J 1J' :!l:trf*;.
FiirFa<J 1J,il::trU< -t'll:JG fF N, 1li::ir v J:jjlf'F. i'l!!lrFa<J ,J, :ii::trl*i:'l :fl!frl!l.1}. 'll: EI iii$1
Ill iJl', tE n IX jjlfF zFo. !IJ l'a<J :!l:trU<ltl '~Lim', 1''1& N. :;!J
N~ =
*,
(s~/L)-v
(8. 6. 6)
>!: <!' .D-lgN ./lg3 O\ll'l l!li(ii.:'9,5f !~L 1lil 8'i >!: (8. 6. 6>.it1-lllll@i*'llJ l' ~ tt:!J',
!'! n-=at ...-o,v.-v<,J. x'ITi!t1!Hll:/l
9-.!':Cs) oc 5 2-n
ds
i!Htl'lml: f*:lR:;!J
(8. 6. 8)
v' (,) ~ L'- v (s) 'pfr !;11(

_ dVp(s)
ds
OC
2--n
(8,
6. 9)
ii\:}!, iii. ,oil' f i!tr J.ili!J T (I<] 1' :!I.:lr f*; ff I\; JI, Meng"
iflll@ Ell fL flit llii 'i'/!li< Ell tl' :!l ;If tt: of j~ Ji! ilJ fii.
i*l'l!Jlii!$l'L:il-!11 a<Ji!l'Ji!!, mu ltlllii!tt: ,~.Ell l'l!llH'i'lR :'.'1
(8. 6. 10)
(8. 6. 11)
389
8.6.2
-~~-~~~-~&~~
4' ')'Tl JIB!f l1JJ tt~ Mr 1'-ff :I: ill $fl ;f!lt. tm (if ~rJl\'i"iZ ill :FL fll\'.J! A 'If )t J!'!;;tt Ll .!l. tm(ilf
il!J Ji! t: ill )t !iL
.\!!J!!.t -Tr P!ii Mr?l-% 1* iiJ l!l 5 >t -1'-?J- %JI:! tr ,
]\/', ""' C,_f:j" --D
(8. 6. 12)
(8. 6.13)
.t.::l't9' N, il:Jl.:./;'ll!)E!;;l'.till11!1*1''1!:,s .!!iO'fil11i11*ill!.'<Rilt.B *O C Jl!:tLfill11t'I!:. !.t

:::: i!: J!'l il!J\l'.x~'I!: ill
lnN. = lnC - Dins.
lnj6 = lnB -
(D
(8. 6. HJ
d)lns,
(8. 6. 15)
J;l:\11 tt] Ji: ~M 'It IE .t , JnN, -Ins. c!V In~- Ins, !il.!.'<it* !!\ , ilii )t !fl! D lllG D- d .!!Jll'll! ill ;lif 11!.
ru l!l.t*,;< iiJVJi!!ilitfll!llJl\!T-t-Mlll.!!i!?Aff:frll''*tt ,c!f:i)till~?l-!il D,
:!ii!i ol!I :i!ZJ;ll;1*:fr%iO'tt ill ::lrl!i1M$, 1!1J11t Ill ill 'If Jl (if i!!I :!ll!i. 9' 'fllttllii:. :fr'f !\! m
l!ii!!'i!!'. ri!ll ?J- ~if Ll ;rin.
O .11 l<!rii All< i! l'P::lrl!i 111,~Flll! lll:lllLI! ::lrl!i Jfl: fiil Ill ll!.Ii: l!i t: .!! Jll' 11!1!! Ill 'I' fill !<It ill I*
R ~~ 1;7}%1111*, Mandelbrnt (! 982)J'E fl' !lti\11 it .tJll'tf J'Lfll\'.ill i'll*ffiHlt, Ll i\11 it .J:. li(-.\\\ fJ
lttf;f!'\.#- , ttc-l'E:lt 1Ji80 r. ;\I '"i'.roil!li il: - ~JlJ {l'J 1!11. '!'f fL fll\'.~J '.lt 1Ji .!!:ltll' ill ITTi li:Jt1-;k 801!11
'"!'{.?, R r'J Ill'.!\: l1iJ flfll\'. 'i'.1"1 ill ll!J$lli 'l'i 1111 JE#ii> *~ DP ; lE <~ 'f R ., , J\t 9' , D, fti!'F ilii 5t
!ii. xt'f :1"111/JI' '1111111 JE:;l: (8, 6. 11) ill** ' i! i'::lrl!i*ZfJlli 'I'. j\lj If l!j[Jl iiJfE !mm :/r.1'['
!ii'R. ' iiJl'E 20 X 1o 'cm '!i.:ti, Jllj8Jill fk !1!1~ l1iJ IE W. f i!!J lit ill ll!lit!llJ l'E ;-,, (1'J N<xH!i'. ili lir. 00
l: ' c!'J !il Jll' !'II ill ilif '1<'1t ill" !ii
2> 9' 'l'lll:t-1>! Xi'f ;i;:l1l: Bil l'l 3Gi1' fi'llt. ilJIll l!l 9' 'f ~ x Mll!80 '1' !1! ll111!: M. JX#lll: M
1.f/ii: flll til\15: R. !!!' fJ o. s li'l!i' l'J so li'l Ji' m; ll! 1'! :fril>lif t l'l il!J :!i a ~ &:1'11 Jl'dlll t\! !ij MJ1rJ ii:
1'I'.t A Jl;/ili'.ill 111: 9' 1' R li!'.1'1' .t 111: Jl;/ il: * ill llMJ't ill 111:5':' zJ~ {l'J 'lit , c!'J !il Fomi" '!!'NI* ~ . ft
1'1i$ TL 1" !ltill :frJB :f;f t. ~ fJ lli:M~!il Jr JE ilf l!I: Jli1!HiE <i'i !If Jr~ !If ilt-lll *"it l1'J Foudec
'i!'NI.
3) ;)-'l'!!![!i/)! it::lri!; oJ Ill *li!fIE?trRJ!l1l: Bil 1'l (1'J
*Ill :lt'f 'I' Jjj[
!\! mtt#:. lfJtm i!!'i!!i5:;frr :fr'f iii! iJ **/!;lE fLllJ(!;;it' Xtr!;ll;fl'HLfll\'. :ltll'!!'tt . .,, AJll lli;fii!;
iii JI: T i!F$k\1'1'ill fl fll\'. #'!J1 v,. fE 11' lliT71< liR fllli1!Ailli!lttRz 1'f t'J ~!it, iliil'Ei\li ffi T 7J< I!!
1lf ilf'Ail!illlt!k [kj ~ill fLP-1':. fJ T ll:!R7J< li1' llil#'z r~ lt'J J'i. JliBliiJ cl!!'i~* !iil!Af'. >t ;\I ' ill fl
fl!\'. ,e. iii lllli 11u m11 P Ii fJ
i<
**'"ii<' .,,"'*11f
2acos0/r
(8. 6. 16)
J\t <I' .!!Jlrl ill %:iJ ,oJli1J< I& 1' llil 1* 80 !i!tt!l! cilll. ii\ , ~ iE Eli fJ r i!H 80 .I;\ TL ~ #' fJ\lit .!! lliA
801J<!ill'!J1, ;t.IJi'litllJl
lg
dV
':'...:...l tt
dp
(D - 4)lgp
(8.
6. 17)
8 -~:1rt~
390
151 Jt 'l\li+lt ;j( il'J 5Hl!rT Ji,( 11!~ dV,/dp 1:5 Bi.;!:J p il'J 1!<'.M~ 00 l:.#>'1$JIE~xiL .Jt "''1\l Bi.7J r
Co, lMPa<p<10MPaJ ,JWHlF!l''f!Ji!!fil'J5l-!t!~JlJ'f!O! 8. 3.
!ft 8. 3
ll(
II'
jl: .. Q9;Ttfl~(1 O. lMPa~lOMPa
JT!il
Ill:
Ei:f.Tr;')
JT!ili
II'
1)
ll(ll' .4
2. 84
Sl '1!11\Jt~J:lfll' A(ft>
z. 95
Zl
Ji: lll! B<J ll( II' A
2. 92
6)
l\li !I\ Jt ilJ J;l! II' A ( Ii: Jt )
2. 97
2. 54
7)
ii! ll\ Jt ilJ !lill' A<* ffi !\l J
2. 94
2. 62
8) l\liJ\Ht~J:lfll'
3l i.1\~B
4)
Jtlll!;<Jll( II' B
A(*ffili$J
2. 99
-----------L..... ----
Fri"'n .Mikula (1987) lill!E T IJl!!f il'J jtJ!i!lltt, iii! fnlfl lil!l&~li li<!;~lli1<: lll<li; 5t!t!
8. 6. 3 5} ~)Ill ii a\l ll! ~ llil J.t

l: ~ ,J, 11 r;ii llJl T illi ilil:o!n IJi!m il'J S?tL :Ir lil1, 1! --)\b1"A1l 5tll'!lltta~ '1ifnlei:I>. i+il'J illi ilil:!I<
l\l m"\.ill: WF :115tll! iJil il<l!lt 5J-% l\l iii!"\ ill: .11!$ x II.I '!!lit illi '*'Jl.5tll! iJil lll b\ ;ll;'l!lif 1'<! !11 IE o!n .~
It Jii\iR ili 1': Ill A'li Xf.1" lill liiiRil'J ill jjjfC( tt. 11!$tt lilttl'f.l'!!Pl'1!J llf!!l!'f l!iiR r. tF it;ttt J:llfl
r a~ ~ill% :>J:'.ll'it, :11 T :ii'lJlliajOj>llfll!tt!ll:lmi'l !!l 'f:lr IOO'il'J '!!lit i'<J !1h !Iii'<! !119' ff ti ,ii\ Iii< 'I'
1:11 r il'J l!J C!i'<l!it) , l:!\fo'ltlf!liflit\l'fIt (Acun' et al. 1995) , ~Jitl!ll l'<l!!HIXA!jt'tli: d = 2 il'J !!I(~
"'l'iJ,
:!!! R 'Ii -lk!ll'lif, ~Hll'!ltl'<J !11 ft'J "IOO'fl:"M Cr )<Xr ilifJiljc.@ 1!1 IR iill:R A (r )ocr' ilff!117':, 'f
:II! , '!!!l \l'i ilr p(r) '' -' ,)!It jll"]!ll!HiJl !ti!,, !ili
p(r) cc rb- 11
(8. 6. 18)
;It 9' !ll"llt J)-!jt D = J , f!X ~Ji'lli: d = 2,

'11i'l!lil;,ll.;>J" flf ~il'J iE:il:Jl- ;/Ji, i"J jjf )OO'"llt M (r) oor' , 'f Ji!r p(r )cc,-"', "It 'I', D =d = 2,
-;lilt!!, "1 %:$l-;/Ji :lr-1' =11l" ZJ"}, A'li 1"J1J "1 ~ llii jj-;/Ji .xt'f!'<1! 5J-ll!~!'iltl :Ir !Ji, -Ol l:!\111
,Jit;j!;(:>J: <8. 6. 18) !'J 11f!J1!% :il:, f!l.!liflit\l'i it;/EJ:J=1il" Z [lij , 1<D<2, Ul!1il! i!! - r ,il~iJ'ljOj>ti\'JI!
1!!. ii]"\,U\J;li!dtlli il'J , R :fill::ll!))-il )1 D= I o!1l 2 g1'4\l'!!Ml!fl!!til'll',
Chang, You'o' 0 990 >lill'E T !!1lil;)}% fr lilt 3f ll!Jt T jj-;fi illl ilil:il'J ~"l'olill,\il, ft!! fllllf !:'. tt
xtW-t!J!H.~~ d = 1 1'11 d = 3 llJ ITT ,!it;frJltl! ;\!!fl ti: ) , ITT 'F1ili J: ff- ,I:\ :11 '1S lif,L!\,ii\ , >'..t :f fi'1J il'J r :11 'i'
i~fi' 100' 'F iii tJ ili -1\ JtJ F"J c 1 c'\l' ittltl!I!! JJ It h ei 11 lill .i:,. l!!ltt > 11!11!i?l-lli:lr lilt <1'ili f.l'it iz:
~ V, 'l'ili 'liJ, !li !* Jl! '4'*1ll!l'T Billll!~, IB: ~l!! llr 11 n(r l , ;It il:lll :11 [L '], /;!)iii) n (r ldr !l!l!X ~
S! Iii! r 1'; r+dr Z Iii! A':fl:Jl! 9' IB);l!itJ 'Iii: , ~ )ifi::t A':fl:Jl! il'J f.l'!Jl !li:l!;JG fF Q" ffeill'> )OO'fl:'f'jt
:Jrlll
V,n(r)
: + a(';;,)
"1J !1!11!1(1lJ !E!/i!li i*il'J ti:~:Jr@ ( L 2. 1o) , J:s!: 'i'!li f.l'\l'f It p !IUf; !IXBi;h
V,n(r)c1
?Ji + ~
= 0
(8. 6. 19)
p, Jli:i!'11l!>
(6. 8. 20)
391
;I\ 't" ,/ Jl\~~ '1' Iii1* ffl.J II !iii~ !&
:);) T J _t;t'.!1j JlltJl!:);)1f Jll(l<Jifi3'1:, \lli'lifJ!l:~iJ;j'I\ n(r )*1J Q(r )il'J'f,;Jt;t.

18 :\Ri!!Jll: nCr) rb T l/IJ f*;lil:7til> il'J 111:3: *;{,;!iflj;!l( tJ , \l'f ll' n (r) 4' !liJ:'i!!ii;?tJJ> !Ii I;,
Ill ffij E l'Z 13 l!ftlll: 5t!li: D ff !k , J0t <;' Jl!llE <II JtfJ, iJi , ,II; IR 5t J!:
J:n(r)dr
o:::
L0
(8. 6. 21)
n(r) = arD-i
;H; '/' , a jj;:);) IK \lf Li: i!i'!& , 1': J!i,fj Jll:il'J [ L 0 ] ;!fr Iii 'llJ 1'El!X fl; i!U!! 1!1'Jl> '/' <D ~ d J , i!i'!& a .l!i fL
iii< ll' f Ji jl!.fftlL !~ii J q; G ltli 1'I Jl<fll lll1 '1F flf % ,G 5t ~U !if 'f
llif!R A.2nh '1114n,mtl1i"'*5!:

Gf
(8.6.22)
aV,
Xt'f )t%fl' !Ii, lf.J13L ll!i(}j'. :);)JfJ!itl!! 9' 3'[ilj( #:!!\ v, .l!i'lll:J;l:1*1!< V,
V
'fr=
i;r:
lJ;: 1f
&v',,..v-i
=Po(~) D-d
'(r)
.)!;'/' , r, Jiblt 1'i!i'"fr>F'fl! Ir J!;X~ Ji 'f r,
D-ll),.r
fJ:1:::rx:;:-
:t U: , m1J11j
(8. 6. 23)
(8, 6. 24)
il'JfL ll!i(}j'.. i!:'f; nnfL lill(}j'. f 'Fi!!t'll!''I'!, 'i?: h; r il'I Jt!lli D
11"' .
1*lRiil Q. l*!!<llilll Q, "'l~!li;Jill' v 1l!IJ:1'3t*'

Q,
~Gr'
'V
(8, 6. 25)
tf!i1tlli!k!'fr ,D,rcy li!lllA1'frnrJe>t,

V
=-
K 1 (r) ap
iJr
(8. 6. 26J
,11;9' .;AJ.11$'i$K1 i!!t r il'llii!&. 141>1:<8. 6. 26)fi:Acs. 6. 25).l'i

Q
'
Xtf'l"fr~~l'll 'l';!ill'l'f '/' il'J
Gr1- 1K1 (r) ap
(8. 6. 27)
"'
Po;.,uill< Iii iJJJ, fl

Q = - T/pgJp
,,.
8. 6. 28 )
J\ 9' .g~ "''' /8 ,,, JiVe !IU'l'l''i"J!J>Ftf! ,n, ~ Lrn. f!ljjm, i!!ll llifl'L ll!i(ito!JJ l*JL ll!i(Jt ffill il'l l.i!\fflU ,
"Tii
L1
V,/ttr!
(8. 6. 29)
Xt'fJtJ!>fl' l;t, j7.\'f$l'ZJ!i,1J'i"'fl! r il'Jlil'.\ll!il>JJ: CO' Shaughnessy ,Procacda(!985) l, lijJJ:
(8, 6. 27li'I!~ tt"T'l'Jllt

Q. ~
1it'I'! x
,.v-~-1 ap
-- iJr
(8. 6. 30)
;I\'/' 8 f'l: 1;:5t~llllltlit& 11\'ltllil'.!tilit. E &!ll?ti!51*'1' f\' 1;<$il'l Jl< :;!'. 1'e'lii'!-Jlil!< gL1 l!!Jll 1
/Iii d'\< bt j;lj ~.JI'. . J!i'.
392
'/lt;f{
gl,1 =
X r--e
llli jf :IJ !fil (8, 6. 26) - ( 8. 6. 31) '# !f'J l!l 5!: (8. 6. 21) 1iJ'14
rs
. . 6. 3?)
K1 ( r ) = a\l,
c;mr /j-.J- 9
,;i; '!' .m VJ; J\J !Ii ii l!ll !Ii fl' 11: , & ~ :tr% I"!
'* ITT Iii\ llil !Ii Iii ifif l't
,;i; :I: ifil :la [ L'" J , Jit l!i: ill' "I !It
(Acuna et al. 1995)
(8.6.33)
1>~
rn. 6. 32J 14tA C8. 6. 26 l , jljf\;J.. cs. 6. 25 >,BP i4!il lit10 !E)J llii ill (J'J '!C>l\ x~
Q, """ -
ai;m ,.n-&-' '~
CS. 6. 34)
itlllcl;!l!i!Oill l'i'il\f!f Ul: t1i1l T IB:1:1tll'i ill n Cd Ill 1*1l<i:ili: :I: Q.. #1' ili :tr%'\i!i;t1r !lltITT
1L ~ill 11 Ill ~ill'$ K 1. Jm{EJ!t!L:)l-Jli l"J !;';'!'~'I !E!i'i!!il 1*iltillJ ITT it 11t1r!!L #Ill lilt :l;:)t!it
D, :)l-Jlijlj'IJ1 0 Ill !l1i;t iJ !f'\~'!!1 m 'l'!cii\, j4f1J!'! ( 8. 6. 20) Ill (S. 6. 21) J!ti!z:, ljt ,'\l
c1 ap
~ '
:! ara (. r' apl
at
y--'
ar ,
(8.6.35)
;\ cp
.;J~ ll-0-1,
IB IN ITT r'J 111,'I> il<it 1'!

(8. 6. 36)
19''1' JI: iHill111''!!1 c. WrJ l:xl:iiJ'l!t1" !It

aV,1nl~~1
=Q+C~
I
IJr 1 ,_,~
dt
(3. 6. 37)
1' ilii fit 11t1r 1"1 Ill it! .i; il'<f!f "1 !It lC :I; ifil %5!: s IJ.i!'Jt; :I: if<! :I;
r
r n = r"' 't /j
mt
c~-;.-~+-i
all,m(p, -
Pn =
p)
-------QiffL-:.p-----
(8. 6. 38)
mrJ11i1ics. 6. 35)fllitlJY.lkf'trn. 6. s1>1"11t::ttm%5!:?f~11:1a

To~
dPn = J!.... dPv
Jt
+ff Pn
rn llro
~ 1
Cr, dp..,I) - rn 11 apri]

dt/l
(8. 6. 39)
rtrb
dr1, ,
(8. 6. 40)
_
0 1
(8. 6. 41)
ll-m i!ll!l!<fai!J!:mt~lllll1l' lffe'i' )lltil!J 111"1 rn. s. 39 l fll Pl i!!J!.il'<i't c9. 6. 40 J!II ill T 1!"11l?t
J!' flll ~ cp ~ilitITT '!!1$llli iJ;, lli!tt ".! l!l~!!li cp il'Jilit ijJ, Ji: Ill 9\'f~!fl 8. 2 ~ P!i' e!i Jj;il'J BW ll!l!! ,11!
il! Jli!llt#!z l'il Ii :f i!iili, ilit i;IJ!f ill! r SJ r+dr Z fiij ITT J;f il:il! J,\Jli !lit#< ilitA !!!lit.
ll'. t. \<!' !IJ11! . >f:\:km 6r t ITT !tft:l;'fii!ll ili
!J.(p1Q,)
l:i~l~(8.
+&
; (p1ll,n(r))
+ !.:lr ! (p.,G/i,,.r'--l)
= 0
6. 19)$tlj J11i ,;lf;Jlilffei>J~iiti1!:f!\ITT1ffe:Jl!:,;\Jl;cp, 1'1$ m f'\:'l!<.!!;)Jlt(tj:JI!:,
(8. 6. 42)
393
-----------
.......................
rt< Ll _t Jilli' 1iJ:ll: Jlii!lt ti\

P1
iQ, + v
a;
a ,r
n--1
C1P1
JP1 +c d--1,1.
ap,,, _
7ii
..rr r ..p., a -
(8. 6. 43)
f"it<8. 6. 34)f't.\..t"<tliif
a ;r
r;. 1
JP1+cJ-i,1.
c1 JI.
'l'..
ap,,,=}!___(aV,mr11ap1 )
c., at
~1
Jr
Jr
(8. 6. 44)
l't'l' ' J'l;;!iil!lt 'f .~. Jli!ill .l\ !ill:.

7E>!.IM'Ht wtlJJGll!!l'lUtl"1 ,, ti
11.1
aV,c1
d
aV,cf --!-- Grf..,c,,,r,,,
D ,fD
tnt
,
l,r..
e+i( l
J;;t;J<t<j- \f BW (}'Jffi Fi'] , mi ilJJtJ!&!Xlli:fr l!lt;lf l'll

JpDf
w atn
+ (!
w rn
J-D 8pDm _ _!_
dl:n -
,.n--i
+Gr., -
.i_.(
DJ.
'f',,.C.,)'
(8. 6. 45)
av'"1Cf
fl
iJpnr)'
Jrv, rv Jrn
(8. 6. 46)
J\W@:!li ti\, 1E Eudid l&~f!rlf J!j .D- 2 .fl- 0 ,Jlfi:J':l!llJ"it<S. 6. 22l, ~i"it (8. G. 45) '!' w lt 1'
w
= 1'1c1/(~1 c1
+ ~..c.,)
r' iiiit > .\!.. li!i l!lt riiJ llitt llil i!Hi<J Iii! llll , l:\ q.,,i, ~J l'f i:R Ii! '!' 1i!i l!lt lilt riiJ ~lit 0'J Iii! :It. WU ll> Ill!'!'
Iii! Wtu l!lt I: '!'.\Ii '1'.!4 lilt
6.r; (Gp,,,rp.,ri- 1 ) = p.,q.,1/:lr
(8. 6. 47)
li2:ll: Jt!li:f lf!ift tllli!i l!lt rl!J 'l\ltt fl'J !iii It q.,c;,
r-o"- bK"'(pf 1
q,,f =
p.,)
(8. 6.1-8)
1't '!' 'D' ;l!i)ilj it!.Jt%11i~' D"!li li!i l!lt 3'. li!!itil!~ L.,(l'J ;~~ (RP L.1-n-"' ,, ru-"' ];l!i;!ii l!lt .!':'!\I
iitll! ~ (l'J 1!'itit l ,b Jif )ilj it!. !Ii it 11i'tit cL' " ] <RP Ii! Iii! jiff jg/J;f;tl:Jlil J;!lt ~be"-) , 1>1: c8. 6. 48 l
ftJ.JB. 6. 47) ,:i!!JEi1!1
?.!?.!'!
at
= .....~!5:!'!
..... ,.v-v'-.t<P1 p.,)
tGc,,,f,.
WJf!tlfil&'I' ,d- 2, mu D' - 2 .D"-o ,b~ 1,

ft1' BW !ii~ 'I' p, (l'J nil! (~P:ffl!i! 8. 2. 3 Jl ,
1E Eudid
8. 6. 4
(8. 6. 49)
e ~lilt BW t!!~fl'JtllliH~Jl!:, Tli\J:x!:J!!
5} ~ li'>'l 11' Ill! ell ff :t.J lliF
Ai _t - ;J' 11' 1iJ 9iO , MT '.ltlt> 8'J !i! ll!-1i!i !ll .l11.lll: :fr l!lt , fril l'!l 0'J >lZ ll'Htl JI: 111 xt T '11!'1! li! $!!fr
!lltiltil&, B 1f-1l!l!lf!I!.
Chang, I'ortsos(l 990) f"F J,j Tffi-WJ~~, HP 1f
(8,
6. 50)
(8. 6. 51)
394
ili 1lJ Ill !liit!~ 3. s 1' 9' 'f'J!l;P: c3. s. 4l1lJ !E::IJ n c if! .\l<li'.FJ! ~l!l;::IJ!~llE11> P:. 1'i!11Ull ~
l!l;P,: I!ii. m!Jt B3)
(8. 6. 52)
Wtl:lr!l118. 6. 39)'Jtl!l;Yg
(8, 6, 53)
'tit! J\\ ~dt 'l'Fli'ti G'il'J Jl'!!i>, Ir l'i! (s. 6. 53l ! fil:J i!!J\\ ii': it '!'lfl!ll lft s;J<jff! :Ir>.!; Wt~ 3. 7 1'I'Jf
i! if! j!\ :fr'.!\'~Ir if;J!!fr (!11.
Fl 20 11tiE 60 51"\'. !!,\*,if iJIH!l Jf it 'l'lll*ill@: Jil! il! ill 1' tf !!Ii Vii 14'. \llJ YP , ill l!! ~ifiil111'liL
11'1li':111'ill' , i!! il<ill' flJ $Li*ill' IF ::IJ ~g lJ!J lf;J , i.t '11'1111Ji!:9F 4' !Ji iii:14'. ljl; if ill' flJ !E 11! ill'Jili lit ti! Ji!: 9e 4'
!Ji ilE l4'. iE!li#flJ 'iil #iiffi! <PB ffl 4!iii; AJL fr JlJ\ JiiJ et A fllitl'ffi , il!i115 itW iilJ, illdr!ii WJJIJ flJ
il!i
wiili , I!,( & m; ilJ:il'tll!! I!! wiili B tn 'l'Eiil ili:J:J: m illl ~ 1".!il! 11> ffll 4' er 1mi iii:l*i!'tt J1t
i'r, if 'I' ifiilil" /llE;fll i m11; iii:* 9P4'!!1i1ll' 14' ll!A1f i*ii!itt .1151&. lilll'!4e'H<'li mt 14'fl'~ilJ:illi !~A
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1f!lt~:l:X.
4' tf '!'Ji Vii 14' lliii!Ul\ 1' iil!tt ilJ; Vii tE -::;JI 14'T"T f :If ffi!iJ! It!!,\ '1< lil'Jit>!i'.i!i iW<l .ll! Jil !!!if !!18'14F iJ!ttiiJ;ilt:IJ!o 1' Da<0y ilJ;fltt, ~T'1F D'"' l'ilili: ,1'E !ill 5. 3 ll'fll !ill 6. 4 11' 'I' ii 'If F.liit
it ,
f J!l-ffe lill >Ei.t !!! r~ I!! ,
T llil !titit 1' tf '!'Ji iii:1*1iliii:
*,;Fu
9. !. 1 ~~!1:ilm!1*ZiiK7:1~
tt *4-" -1' ifiil IJ1 .~ iJt: ,tE fJ ~ fJ 'ff< B'J IF ill F 4!i :it 'E '!\'.!!>~Vii ilJJ , tJ Jl!41'< !fiiJ IJ1 B'Jii 'f'i'tt!ltliF
::IJ ill ~tt . 111 ;>1; !fiiJ !!l Vii 'll:tt B'J :If'!'1 :fl: jg *ill1ili l!'<iJI!.~ :$:ti!~ :;t; Ii, iE !ill 1. s. 2 11' 'I' !'l' xt
f!J:lfflllF T -i!!:ttJt;J;, IITT:i4'8'14'f!l:lflllJili111 ill Vii l*P.lf'ltf1'J'J\' 'llJ;;\':IJ r 1' >'; Jil!;;\''l\:$ r<i!t!r
iifl!t dV I dr J{J'J *'ff<:ikff-, l!li:fl: jg Ei1:1J ;;\''1);~:!\ , -!Ill i!!*, 'i-liJi iilf. j;j;{J'J ;;\';IJ. Ji!i.'IJ!.*Jfo, ;k;
a 11 = -
pi'},!+ kv.lJ,,
+ 2~, 1
(9. 1. la)
Jt'I', a,,Jf,;;;\':IJ lk!!!:, p Jf,;ffili, a,,Jf,; Kronecker ll( Jll:>i<C::: !ItfftllE:flb '.J)'!l>i!$ll( f;B'J Jtf;
e;i =
ep
~ ( ;~~ + ~;)
t:;Jf,;tj':fl;l*:!!!:, J :fj:jg ll! C:::115 it.

r Ill B'1 Jl' !ltil!J ,tm .lf ff iii: ilJJ , Ji!!. tJ. Ji!i.'.ll' 11 !!,( r 11!llt
xr
av
r=-ar
*if,
(9. !. !bl
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iilli .~ lil Ji!i.:IJ ' Mh\''l\:;!$ dY I dr !~Ill iJ!Jil:-;Jlllliu~ i9Flli(J!.\ B'JJ!i:!:I: Jt[iJ!B'J*'fll<l:t;l!!o '" I.Ii
1f 8'19: 1* flJ Ill llt 8'11!1: l4'1111:ll!otf~liltl4'0
Jl'Fif M.~~ll: <9. 1. D B'1!It1* l:t:fl: :i\; <fii'FliiJl!i4'. tm lll' 1'tl!J111'l!I.. A!kil' HI!. J.k l~lft'., 'IJ<l\ll
"!'1!11Jil:4p4'!1Ji !It l4'. 4F 'Fili Vii l*JI!i'll!' 1!11Jil:llt"I!Ei11!!lt14', llfE- B ~ B'1 Afr 'AH "T lli!iltt B'J"
'f '!'Ji iii: 1*fil:IE! 1* iii: 1'E fL fr Nt * , IE! 11< .i, m2 B'l Iii' lf;J {l:Jj!j-ifil i;; ii!J , "115it Joii;il't""
l!l
B'J 111[ 14'1!! "1. IE! ~1 l!tlll! B'1 r"l iii' i;; ilJJ ilii "t1* mtl tl "t IE! B'J /iliJ( ,;n -i'l '-1' , liJ: 3C 'II' B'11f5tiiiiJ:J:
'* *
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396
J'L 1J-!9L
't1'Vi D1t f:f "TI"- t- ilf i"!llltl!1'Fz :"'1'1\\ Ill B'J t~n~tt. H"' <9. i. 1b>er99 . rnUJf 1l B'l 4'4
WI Vlt w..it* 11,J :If l!il 11!l 11' >r i'll t- !ti\ i'll 1' !!\ l: 99 !l'tt ~'I& i:I: #Hi rill J1l' - !Vlill ld! fg :"'1 Jr IJi
J'il IJl, Ji 11!' iJ IJtr-t- ft"1~1F 41'Vi iilf. ff f1'J l!!tl; It. 4' 41'Vi V1t ff fl'J!Jlfl;J:tjjf :X. :'l>]tJJl'i.fJ lif J!Z'..l:J!! 4<
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$ . E lif I'!. 'I<$ r fi :JC ilf r ~ o till if! 99 l!! 'I\\ ill le fF ,, ffff ill r- =till lE' l!!Jli!; ill B'J llH!! ii!l i2
f'F fJ."".
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'II! 9
5J ~1 ['ii!J ::t*f'll;tfil1:;~
<F'f~llllf!1HHI!
5i I roJ 'ff 11!1!*15 It !'I
*15 94' It "'1
fl.1m!111J (p8e1,1doplastic)
'
~~;!11~ (thixotrapic)
:M~fli:! (viscoelastic)
m;JW:t1J (dilatant)
itttt~J (rheopectk)
$!o/%'il;
~J11~(B1nghamJ
Jm z~ ~m ~fl: l'fJ (yitld ~pseu<loplastic)

ftii Zfl ~ iB); ~tl:: ~ (yirld~dila. tan t)
!il!*l;ttiill.li>J!\l!itE ~ !JJ fJ f1' Ill T 1" 'lo f1'J ff fir '..Q:Jfi , tE~'l<2: #~ tJJ fJ Ful!ll'l' lllfiJ1:!!: m\tk
B'J ilit fl:. B .lt "T 7t1'7lif11') fRJ
flllif lltrm 1f :JC fl'Ji'IJ :*#'. '6! ttiJltli> Ji!:I~ ~ tJJ fJ t~ !ll Jtil liij Yi
r 't il'J :tJB. il'l!li'l<Ji:#JI' <n :t1 Jiilllllll7till l'\ fiJ1:!!: B'J iilt
r ilii !if th 1'5- # 1'lf <l! lilt 1* (f:pf;;IJ,J:lf llL
xx
w.
9. 1. 2 13 Ht rsJ JC ~ ll'il Ni *15 tt 5nf i*

2:'11/ilt fi: 99 Vlt'.t'l'*ftt .!:j 't rilJ JG~' R~ J\!li'.t'l'1f llil!li:Vl'.'ll: III (,_ y III~) T 1!IJ a~ !JJ fJ
fF Ill il'J !;\' !2C 11') lliJ '
9. I. 2. I lia!lilttiill.li>
M'f l!Hlll ttiJlt ff. -1-:JC~ ,J, B'JtJJ l'l..1J 1!1l%ft:JJ;r'EJZti!IJ Jt tn GC 1J f1'J l'.lba ratJ!!!l!:l!i It
ii!:* mJl:!J!, i 1i1:->ll' ill!i1ii.J:'"'. 2:~!l'ttiEli!lll:ffi l!!:l'f.11< 9'!>11!' >Jilli. <Eu'l'VI'. fi: er .:*7t r
.iili.i!ll!!!l!l'V.% lit tcilj[B'J I!! #!*11.iili. ~f illt~i*#!1l- 'tE ffiiif ii'.txe B'J tJ)~"" f !!;Jt.!E il'J fll oJ-l'l!Efl'J fl!
ran .'Ir ii' <11 'i!-l'.I
,J, -c frti<i!ltl! , 1lTii!ltl! lilt
NIt' Jilt rilii"' @2: ~!It fl: 1\9 11,J /r Ill
& -ltl'l!:f\'i Ill' .,
1l 1'11!!!
*'"'""
ti;'"'
<=("Y".a=Ci"'
(9.]. 21
:It er .c Wt.700!1' ;Ji:'i'l: .n< !. fF::17lJl~'i'l:, 1'i n~ 1 l<l:J!\1F1'Vi D1t ! C ltl:Jit::17""1 !I' ,
2) Prandtl~Eyring
:tfifi
T
= Ah
s
-It er. 1i!'t! A, B J!,*11 Jll!99 !It 'il' :ti.
,1r1
B ,., =
,4,h.'(Y/B)
<9. i. 3)
.!:j -It ff ~B'J !>I Pcwdl-Eyring Vii: fi: , ;lt'i"IJ,J/f!l::Jg

(9.]. 4)
397
a)
Ellis ;Ir;@_
r
4)
rCc
1r:"- ),"
,, + ~i<"
(9.1. 5)
Reiner-Philippoff 1f;f!
'= 1 (. ~ + l ~ -(-.-i~)') ,. = ~ + 1 '~ ~.;;:'):

5) Sisko
(9.J.5)
/ff!
r = a'Y
..j..
b'Y' ,,, =a+
or-)
(9. 1. 6)
6) Cross 11~
(9. 1. 7)
.;;; 1' Ji! 1' Iii 11,i !ll' tJJ ~IE tt fr 'X: fl! JI\ 'lil
7) Meter jf@.
(9. 1. 8)
Ill> Jll(ttill!1*
~t 'f ll!i lllf ft fili fl' . t 5E AVJ' tlJ tJJ 1"' 71 01'! :Iti!t"1 i!:l lJJ !!!. 71 tlJ Jll 1Ja$ !II li<:JJ!' #I Ill' Jll Jiil
Ill* .1!15!' Dli l"lJ:: l'l b\'lil '!? J:: \JI, Jlli Jll('l'lolill1*1'lrtlll ttfili f.1:1&~{1:1. 'I': iJ1. 1iJ Ll JlHfilt~l'J , .R
J;!:m;t!f 'lil n> 1 Ji11tl!Jtf1J il'J ltW.!!l ttlli 1"'1''111 )!; , Jf . l'tll!i llli:tt .Rx& f- '1'~~1J Jf>i!t llil 1*{>1!'
f.l: 1' En ol!:i'l'lll'lll,fi' -!'E ill< ll!'.ll\t;t,.lll,~'1J . Jmjj' Ill~ ;!;!'l'>I!', 42cp llr,lllii'i\'>ll' 'l''ll ii:: lil:~,
9, I. 2. 2
z, 3 l3inghan1 ).i;"*X'J T';ti; lf!'.l!J 1Bingham)lilf. j;i;' {Elll;/ilf-l\':l'U l'J tllfilO:IJ ' j:l;J'IJ l!il H~lil':IJ r, Ll 1!1r 'Kft ffl~{l:J T
llil fl'Ji! 'l' llii "1 !'! r>r, lf lilfiliiill ~J Fw lll;hl: :tJ-!!i.'l\"3::.<1 .Ej 'Fl!!! !It j;j;i(';jl;.(, /iii 2l 'E il'J llli:il' ilD l"ll!:
-!ilc ::f Ji J:Ult W. lil\.\\i flJ I!!< , J't*l'11f 1'il "1
9. 1.
(9.]. 9)
lll; 1', , !'): ;lall'Hloiil Ill', r, l!:l!il !~!!i.71 , 1;1J !m. ?f'lf !!!:Ji!il: if-i'!'il[ fl'. BingImm lilf. fl' flJ ftii 0~11[
"f ,1 w+ '.1jJ;I; rs i!E Bi 'J 'f 1o- 'N /"n' 'j>)Jl~:k' xt Jil;iJ'Jllll f!l l.!li JI' fl! :k'f 100 x 1o'N I cm'.
ll!!tt iii !It il'Jl!: ii:: l1l: 11i1 iif l:l b\ lmP , :'!IJ JitAA ~ l'J 1ooP, ',Ill AA 1'1Hl!ii!I' (t'J , lliJ!! il\'i.
illi 11'1.!li '1fll ~AA~ ilii t~ fll'll( AA,!!, 1filt# Binghm fili fl'il'Jlli~f, .R fr:; Jt!!ll'! 1' ii'! Bi J1 "1i
!li'x'l' iEl iillBi:IJ l!l!ll'at. ilb.ll'! 1' Ell illE l*:f lf milt "1.
9. L 2. 4 /ill!~-!1'1!1!tt*1llllllf<ttll!W
Jit;!:!lj;i;Afr Jill!~EY71 rooffl.{ r>ro J<!Jti EY71

t~~J iii i!'JJ!<il'fil!:l\t;li!ilt#ii!t fl'. :!t*>tli:lr1!11i'
1) Herschel-Bulkleg
hl'.~J:'ll\'f':l!Z-;}i:joll,
f;lJJm .~fr~)i!
'jj~
r = r~
+Cl"'
(9. I. 10)
398
n l

2) 1,1! 1111 !!M
~Jl!I !~-!l!liki't li'J,
nY
r=t:+-
0
1 + bY
3)
(9. l. 11)
c:asson 75'.fl
(9. !. 12)
9. 1 3 19 11'.t fl3J filj mi !Ill *O tt in! 141

ll illt I* li'J !Ii jig !!ii '1: -9 l!ll "'1 IOC l<iJ MJlll i:JJ 1~ Itll!l\ , @.!Ii !!J lltfli ~~~I i1'J Jll!ll<;\ll ~ lll!ll! , lfl 'f illt
.Jl' ltft "'Ji- ~lil!IJJl:it li'J l!JOIJ, Eli~.~ i~ #'1J <E if-l'fil!.JlJ tu$ FtU l!ii:J l'ifilltl'l-ll'it, Jl:.'!': :l;.!11!
-1-1" ~!$jig :h Jl: Jm <E !l! ttillt I*' i1'J ti!!%~~ fl' ,'!'~!Ii jig ilJ tt!lt f/Rlil! 'f JlJ tu$ ,'If fl;( l<iJ 'f il>ill
l!ll :/ii N~ :VrJ alt!:!. iJt.'lfl JlJ tu Jll:lfl*atIll 1Nill. 71 <l'!li !i;J .!Ii it li'J l!I! $ !; ff ~ li'J l!I! $A" *1l fill li!!l. , ml
JI! 1- l:t1lll ~ iA c;i "l Jl! (J'J 1E 'I\: JlJ tJJll' li'J 9i'd'f r , tu l'l'.71 ~ i1111''1Hl!U'i '5 t'Cllf Jill tu$ li'J-1ili' lii Jl. JlJ tu ilJ !Ii%~ .\Jc l&ll\ *!li!IJ ilJ .!lifli Jf !ft , xt 'flit !tl:t 1lll!iHir\H!!ll! i1'J iii f4; , tu II'. 71 l'ifiJI
tr]$ 't'J '!l' It i~ ')'-JI:"' "l'"' (l'J
lli'll:l'l'ttlll!tl!'.ll'itA'i ?Ji1i mt l*tiJlllli!iJ&:it!X! :h .!j"fltrOJ ll :J<:l1'Jmt I*. 111 ;;;i71 l'ifiJI iJJM'il'i;llt
rilJ lfluu jiij iiit1J' li'J mt fil< fl: ;;i lll!l!!ttiilt i* .ll -!I;!.;;'" 1'iil
8'J !Jf. fil< fl: :h ililttiil!l* , <E llf il'< ::f '!l'
JI mil<l'f r. t~!!J .l!l!.ltli'Jil!>!lmua9& a9
tE 2:1'i11? r 'li!:>i< il'-M'ff-JlJ w'1<A'illl l'l'.:IJ
~ !l!-1 fiijjiij ii iililfl :k, 1L3' 'f 'OO~jig l'l'!): ~.!II!.
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9. J, J, I
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Ill IE\ lib i1'J mi:lt !!J , tE 7"C l!!Jlt r, Xt J1!'i'f'iiJli'JJlll11Jj'f !fl j'1'il'i;U<Jill] '1f :f' Im (J'J r - Y :)<:;!(ill! ii<,
Rittec, Go vie< 0 970 l l1f 'IE T 't(l'J mt'Jl' iiftt f!l !!I g, 1 1lJ fAi. , !!!'ii,$\! liJ j'f Jil !l;il'i;atf)ij lfl::k, tJJJiY.
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(9. !. 15)
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(9. 2. 1)
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4C2
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(9. 2. 24)
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C9. 2. asl
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1:i!!ilr.1~1t
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9. 2. 3
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2. 39)
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+ !!_ iJpn
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= , 01 ... Jpn
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(9. 2. 41)
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(9. 2. 42)
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(9. 2. 43)
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(9,
z. 44)
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Jrh rn drn
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X1 W 0'J :IT !i!lli.it19 Ii'! fl: '.ii' !1't , ~ llJ
(9. 2. 48)
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(9. 2. 50)
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(9. 2. 51)
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(9. 2. 52)
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5'\ , JI". :;R Ill 12: fl'J ill~ ill VJ ~m ~ li!il ill! J!!'.;i;: Jll lli -tic fl'J .=.llifiiJ l!!i T ill 'iii' MJlt fiiJ l!!ilfUll '111: 1li::If
ltHIH'i 1R Ill'
'!!: ll<J!tfllff ~" fj'j!lj;.j<.Of' I'! !'J::lf!I( , -f<P:tf!l<Jl<Xt3! Iii ll':lt r ifiU ll<triJ'.'l' I: t f1Jl llt i.!l't:i' ~Ill':,
lldil: il1l JFM! cftp JFJtll<troJJ il'!l;l!I: te !>f-!!i'roJ llll:Jli '1' 4'r RI.~ !E:IJ ifil1 EE:IJ m!I!'. JA ilif lll ii! fij-1J<tro1
1'I iill !'ritll'f.~i tlfl.. '~'f-1'-lll li'.fl'Jilli iiiJ -!\#!, 1'I iJIJ !E;IJ 1'11!1!'. AJi!# 1ff ill :>;J>i:OO ii!. JJ-l'i'::lf
lli:ll?:1C~t ?: lliJ'J!':tlJ11'1T l'\iJi'(, !i\Fo x<tatlliJ 5CllJ1!'1T l'li11L. tll -1-StJ!J It! !E:i:I #
;ip, l'l'J11' Ar
-1-a,trliJ '1' JX. -!!11lJtll! ,!Ei-1+1i1* iif illlll!ff >ltJ 'fit:ll'.B'i ll!:iEtt.
9. 4. 1
~ifm!~
'l'iili'!'fj))i!
19:1\-!ltJX::!J L,jj;ti!l(oo:fR::!; A, tf. x~O :f1i x~L ;lt!li:i:l:iJ-~1Jj; p, ffi p., ill
i\:(9. 2. 16)
v ~ ( Q), ~ A
K,
,
<1
(9. 4. !)
dx
(9. ' 2)
'L)
K, + nlg QA
lg4p ~lg(
;It 9' , Jg(,L/ K,) ;ll! 'lltltt, ill Jt oJ l\1., ;(E,\i1~;J; lffe 00 .1:, llp
*iii!
Il ill illf!fiO) tll
(9. 4.
3)
xt QI A (I<; r!li "11;;!!o~$ ::!; n (I<; ]l[iiJ<,
K, / , ,
'l'iili!r.J
~Ji! ~ll"i'ci!IJ'f. JE!li.lli!Jl; <l'l.- [J 'Ei" #. #lilf r~r. ;lt!E11 ::!; p., i'ci!IJ'f.
r~R ;lt)fjJ:'l,J p,, 11il:'l,;'&Jll!:/E!\llJ!i dp/dr>O,Jl:C9. 2. !6lP]'~lit
(9. 4. 4)
(9. 4, 5)
Q, = n:R h,P
:Jljt
Q '
R = \ n-h'~ J
iii
(9. 4. 6)
i/li'il: (9. 4. 6HtA'il: <9. 4. 5 l, 4f""'

(9. 4. 7)
(9,
lgi>p
lgC,
1-n
+ -2-lgQ,
+ nlgQ
4. 8)
(9. 4. 9)
ill Jt llJ "1. , 1',\i1M~;J< ~r, 00 .1:, !E:i:I llp x&W' I:: Q B'J r!1i "1t:ll?~4$ ::!; n (I<; :li:"1t,
J'\'.(9. 4. 9lt!lliJ"ilnll:
6
,
lg ::.c. = lgC1
Q
n - 1 Q'
-+ -,1g "
Q,
(9. 4.10)
1>+~i~#.'li!;it-ii!.
9. 4
415
----
B'H11M'l!t'.illl<.l<. PJ)jt11! n &. c, {I ,Ji,.liif>J<'.11!11!!11mt:ll!'. K,/ ,{I.

Poollen. J"gon ( 1969)ljff'I;'.T11H4fmt: ~i'J ~;!,;~mt,
Ffi ll.I ~!i!.iilt l:.p/Q Xt Q' IQ,

van
9. 4. 2 Bingham li!ii*
lJliii ljlfr)Ji[ iJ!J;:j;l; b\ x = 0 >JJ x= L f;JJ!!.l'l:Jl!, Bingham mt ~i'J mt $J .:1&1'l\tf fllif5 ,dp/dx
<o, Elnt (9. 3. 27) n) El Jilt
KdJ!(1+-'-)
dx
dp/dx
V-Q
~ A -
(9.4.11)
(9. 4. 121
= p,
-;;.t,
+l
(9. 4. 13)
!'Jill.I tE l:.p/ L Xt Q/ A i'J .l!Uf! 21! ii\IE .t:ll!!

lLidl ,lJ:][liUllfif lf;;Jit;/il, / K, tE t>p lili .!:: i'Jli!.i!!
m:;;i, !fl @J !E :iJ ~Ill'. '.
lJl iii f!!: r.i )JI[ i9: 1!11 JF ~rl!l Jil ~IE lili"" o, lll<Ii Jilt
<JE_
dr - 2rrKlir
l:.p = p, - p,
z~khln ~ + ACR -
(9. 4. 15)
r,)
(9. 4, 16)
!'Jill.I tE l:.p X1 R/r. i'J 'i'X~'l!i'.21! w-m .t;I!-* l!Lidl' Ell .it fif Jl' 'T11! / K ' Ell i&.i!!nJil! '
9.
s 'ttfL:ft /llt"f' '.JIJf:ltiilf 1* 1 ittJ ~ iilf
lltrilii .11. f; FJT fill> fi'J ;I! ii. -fl- illi .P <e 4' WI mt: l!<lt Iii!. fiil Im , l!l !.i\ , .ltl'\! iflJ fr!'I 'T J1li ! !'Z Ill 'f l:J.
.!Ii: fj-J!!t, Ell lkoku-RMney ili:fr.ff fi'J l;!Htfrf!! (9. 2. 38 J , 1'!1i5J-fr!'11'J"' Jilt
x~ 1' J:J..!li:1!- !It, q
"'*
]_K,(il..'1">-(?'..E+"-ap)'+
='-.ap
n , 211;h
rJr- 2
r- Jr
q
'f'C- at,
1
(9 51)
'
'
mtlll!!t c]l.,i: <B. 1. 2l1 iXll!m 1'-llrat r1lJ r*l ai ii. llr l*!R;!!; !ltlilE r"1 ~lit
fi'J ll<!R mt: it. ::lifif ltifll]!, ''ll '1~1''11!'1ll!~mt: ~fi'Jli!iliL~\ II N. :l\!; it!l'l ::!J [!.' "T"' J , Ef lilt
aN
q(r) ~ -(p. ,
P1l
(9. 5. 2)
Ill"' N X~il! "'i'Jmt@J li\11!:1!11' II (~'!';I! 1it'l!t'.l!!:lll'.1?:i'J 'l"J:!I (1!) 'si: ( 9. 5. 2) ~::Ii !If( 1'11"1!151
li!lilf. ll!>i! .1!f sl: (9. s. 2lf\:Asl: (9. s. I) ifJ11i!<JJ :ll1:llt1!-!lt1llfif5 , JlLJ 1"J:J.ili:Jl-!lt <P 'li!'llllmt 1i1E@J
i'1 ii1!1: 'ii!ll! '
416
(9. 5. 3)
(9. 5. 4)
9. 5. 1
)l)l 31, 1)- Ill! q:i llJJt fBJ
w. ~ ;if< )# )Ji! !iii ~
J!#IJ!!!'l#;{r) 'f 'Flmiiili: i<j;~iil[ ff'J BW !!!ii'! (Ji'.l!l 8. 2. 1 l!) .
I! ~~l!i$ K,, li];:k'f if fL !!( 1J" Eli: cp B'J :fj ~~l!i$ K-,
<9. s. 4l "l'.k}; M' ft, l'Pl Il!IJC:lil:!i'I Jit
rr1 = --- ,tv = ('

r~
faD
ff.,
1 _,,,tl
.1.
C1'f'1
~ l2~~r1::;~:A ~
G=n(c11 +ci1)
ill'lf 1'i!!lt i<j;{E!'l!l;t :!\lJC cp !~
OJ~ K-"' O, ~.tl /r!llifl ((!, 5. 3) j11
"'+ "
naN
I
'k;;:1 g~h)' 'f
Ct'f'2
J;.;1 ( 2~h)"-
s. 3J;IO (9. 5. 4lft hTJllJC:!lfl'JJ!i'il:,

;f!p:D + ! dP1n + A.,.1--"cp.,.,, - Pin) -
(9. G. 5)
(9. 5. 6)
m1J 11011!% .IJ!!li!! (9.
efr'J:,
filrf)!-"
JrD
rri
( 1 - W)
apf!J
JtD
Jp,,,D = 0
iltn
(9 ..5. 7)
l9.
~).
8)
xt 'f 3t"' :k Ir!! J!6! , .l'i ::f ~!!!'!!St fl!'IHil! :& 1'1 /11!1 !Jl B'J i.i!11'1*14' :11
JPrnj
(}rD
__ 1
(9. 5. 9)
, ~) ~
(9.5.10)
P1v(rn,ln = 0) = p..D(rn,tn = 0) = 0
*!:!J'!!l rn.
s. 1J - rn. 5. 1u MitlOl:i!':lil: tn f'\;lil ll;'Jti!I!.
(9, 5. 11)
l'I fb xt <9. s. 8) ff'J 'Jti!l!Y\ 'l'll'lili

(9. 5. 12)
(9.5.13)
D(s) =
a=
A+
w)s
A+(l-w)s
w(l
w(J-ro)
J-w
,b *" - , -
as
(9. 5. 14)
(!J. -5. 15)
:!J'!!il (9. 5. 13 J.Ej ( 9. 2. 4 ll #111:1, ~ ,~ (1 - nl IC 3- n) 'Jr!'J 'll'i!'! if!!! !J;:!J'jj, l!ilill;Jl: B3, ;it fl'I};
417
Prs;(ro,s) =
r1,F.K,.[ (1
ll) /-;tfG)r11r1>]
(9.5.16)
s lsD(s)K.-,[<J - ,) /sD(sl]
Ml:P:i!t ti 'I!: Jl!!l>UllfilJ 111l!li llll 'f l!f1: ii) !EJJ 5t ;( ,

1t~!li:t.I '>tr1t\li' ,Jflt tn=l, ~~:il;j.Jil!&n
K,[ () -
!ill(.;)]
n)
p...v(.~) - s ,/$[f(SjK.-i[<1
141l:Jl:.:Slil!?t!fti'i1' Ill
r, Ll ll!~J Fil ~IJ\il!li!I!.
v)
(9.5.17)
lsD<sJ]
~p ~
(9. 5. 18)
f"''
1.
f(t,) = -2
K.[ (1
;;D(.;)]e"ds
) ./$f($.)]
,)
(9. 5. 19)
/sD(s)K,_ 1 (1 -
m Y-i"'
1ii[ *it, J:;'\ '!'!J)(!R jjj 'IJ:ir)ilf ,\\\{Zill I SD(s) /k:if, SD (s) ft!'.$' J!i. ;lg ' =
0, St= -
lib, St= - J /a
Ll & ' 1'E7t "1l&.l'L llil llii1iJJl!1.j!Q ill 9. 7 P!i mii) !'!Iii! !R?t,
12
u=
\9.
./Sl5'G'i
iri-xe1',
s. 20)
~~fl!!
.
,
z1=ze1,
ill) ~ J:: l{l
(9.5.21)
lil* l!ll " fl! tJ l!ll ' ir)l!U!!i!!n'I'. P!i Ll Ji:. c9. s. 19J1iJ~ !ft
1
f(tv)= R-"'
Jim -2m.
[f + f + f + f
FF'
E'E
llfY
(''('
F'
E' E
_ _L -- _l"
b
'
.
'
'
]JU!ds
119. 7
f""'
!9!!1irl!lll-
(9. 5. 22)
g(t 0
= L- 1 [:i(s))= 1
llli\ii<lill10JJ:. (5. 1. 26 l , i'i1''!\'l*liili I& f Cs)flJ
(9. 5. 23)
g(s) ll'!!R it'J 1i1 /l!!tli !l!illl''fi! iJi!i 1'ffl ii\' fl'J !!( li!i!&
fCtv)fU g(t,)(j<j<li!Q.P!iLl
p., 0 (tv) = L
[](s)i(s)]= /Ctn)
*g(tv)
(9. 5, 24)
ill Jl'i iii 'll:~f!lir) il!Jl.Ji:. t 5. L 2!) , J:P::Slll 1i

J'(tv)
* g(tn)
J:''J(r)g(tD -
r)d'I" = J:uf(r)dr
(9. 5. 25)
f :<t c9. 5. 22 li'\:Al:Jl:. , ii:i'.U
(9.5.26)
418
(9, 5, 27)
*1JJ!1Utli!'.'l'0>l:<B8. 6) ,1J
K,(- zi) =-;elf[- J,(z) -
J& K
ri l 1l]' fll J flt N 'l<ii'< , JllFol4
1~>t (9, 5. 18) '\11\'~ 1J1 !I> !J< O!i
7 C-
p.,<cn) -
c,\'.:t,J ffl J
il\',(z')]
flt N 'l<ff> , jlj !J:!i!:jlJ 0>\ (B8, 1) , >\ (9, 5. 18 l '\'

1-e"'v
f;
<1';5;;:,{f; + }c:1:=;c<1=>J;5 ~N!~~cc1-..v5z>J~1 c9. 5 28 >
it!\\:JldlBl'i*if <E ~fl fl- Nt'l'iil' iilJtE!:lliti'i'IC! ;r.{lf T~~lililflil. %/r n-1
ii\ It ti XR fLfl-1'1 'l''t0illiil' ifiii' iilJ ~ ilill:llililflil
2
Pwn(tp) =
jft
1!'z[
f"
+ t
~p
,_ o ti!'% J:>t
Cl - e,)du
uz~[JiZ(z) + .i\i'f(z)]
(9. 5. 29)
ililx't - 1 11!1%, u - z', >I: (9. 5. 28) ii! it;!JJ!J mi 'l'.,4>W1lll if llf jjl[ ~JI!
1
f""
(1 - e- 'n)dz
j).,o<tv) = (1 - v);ir, o zi[J, il((l - v)z)
.~; 1((1 - t.i)z)]
4
;;!; 1-'111; Ikoku,Rmey
9.
+ .
(9. 5. 30)
~ilil\:.l!lill! (9, 2. 54),1!,-l&~, J!ll&littJ'l:~!lill!l!!IPJ.
s. 2 Ii fill C!J ~F II iiti ~ ilil fl 1B
Sw.an !!!~ (liL!i! 8. 2. 3 l'i) ~ 1~11!i[!li:il!ll! ill it :;k; J1

i'1' Cf IPJ ~ JllHi! % i:k ,lt 5J' it'hlli Eli:'\' Im:if r'1 '!:!ti 1lll illJ ~ ~Fl~ iii :1l' 1'11 , ill :: 1l!i iili:il! 'I< ilff fE:iJ jjj\ ilt
cap./ :ff!.~., Jg 1li: lit q z riil ~ 3(: li , I:& 1 '1' Iii 'l:!l't '\' !/till' 1r 1'11 .!!i 5C Vlt !I! q !tl:Ji! 'l:!l't :1l' !'l 9' ~ !!(
i!l'f#\~;ll! 1\:.1r't~1li: !flit lli:~ de
Jji[,tlf:ii:'l<lflifEjJ p.<,.~r,)l;tj!~~'l'!E:h Pi
Tilif 1'.( ilJ)1;Jt !Ii tli :ii:#t :t.1 mlilf J'Em fl fl- !lli: 'l'lf lit !Ii14' ~ 1~ ~>it lit iii'
Jt lt ii>: 1l!i Jlli:J;lt '\' 111'J!t1lft if r'1 'l:! ti '\' 1J1i iilJ ill J!JIJ!i 1i!i Jlli:J;lt 't'ti: :t.J r, , 14f ~ fii1f !'l fll 'f)l;jt !;12 !if1!\ , tt:llt'1J 111illt '!' ;icl!(, m~ 1f!'l (9. 2. 33) llJ'.!ii Ii<
"
G.
Q,
(Vilc,l.n
::.1~~1-
Ji!Ji'i'tlf !It!!! lm:Ji! ,Q, ~ 4ffr, 1q /3, 1J!i!lt!l!'I< ilif lm:Jfil

v, ~ 51.,.
"" (JS.,,) "' (4:rrf ' .
'
(9 . .1.31)
(9, 5. 32)
ap.)
,;,
iJr ,~,,
(9, 5. 33)
419
ap.I
;:p. ,
(9. 5. 34)
=U
(9. 5. 35)
t!l:lrl<9. 5. 3DLl.&~:!fl~H4'\9. 5. 34lf\J<9. 5. 35J1iJLliJ<'tti p ft:'lrff;\diil:I: q.

Tlii itlic!l!lliill:iltl :1rw. xt 'I' liii11i11:1f :li'1'1 C9. 2. 38 > .it 'I' q ai (9. s. 331 !It lfj
9Iill :Jt;I: II'! :I:
(9,5.86)
(9. 5. 37)
(9. 5. 38)
::Jp
'
II
'1P~1
~I
Jr-D
= (\Vcthtl'
(9.
s. 39)
(9.
s. 40)
mU:lr!!i\C9. s. 39l1iJ"@'llt
(9. 5. 41)
!($)
~ n[wl
; (WcthlV !)"'] ' it'= Jls:~:1~::).;

A
5s
("
"'
.c;
4?)
""
:lrll! <9. s. 41 >!it:lltlll'1'ill: i*tEXI< fl fr wt 'i'mtiltl .lf~Jii4e Ii!.;$ !liHiiJ mtiltl *f4' 'f. !!!lit 4' ill: iltl 1
VI il' "i' 1'1 i'l'Jlill':fr:lfll!. MJt:lrll! JTlJ1!:1i'lli'lili:;Jtlli'I.
9. 6
:.N:fl:frmflft Bingham i;lfij:f2(1;J~lilf
jf!jj!JI! 9. 3. 2 1' 4' (!) l~lt, :Mi Bingham mt i*~ill:!llU'-?J ~.lli:Jr )jjffl)fi oJ'.SJ lfj i [OJ ill:(!) :If
!li!!!:jg
(9. 6. ll
K,.[~1"'+; J~,,-~,J
Pr)=(<;,),,,a~.,,
u"(p ..
(9.6.2)
i&:J'rl'i!ltli 9' $ 1iii:JJ1i;!i!l!i T' !IH'l Dir. litii Bi. "f:l\ ii' ti;; HIJ ii iJl, rlll Jt~IJJ!( litl"l!!l l!i i(!:i li! iilt*U 1i!i fYt
1~ !% :;I; jj; ii[ il!j #ti!% i1t tr i1it:
9 . 6. 1
~ ~ :fr l9j cp llJjt f8J jJ;( ~ ?.ti ~ mi
iii\': K.<< K, fi'J'f!IJI' , ilf ilii!UJl!l:\> K,,,,o, miJ :tf!!I ( 9. 6. 2) 9'ti'itl:tfji't"f Ci! oJ (!,( lj; 21, 'li Ill
i\ <9. 3. 31lIJrj\'.5<.fl'J otlil:l1'1 :!ii:. 'ffl;:J'r !!Ifill fl'J Ji; li!:!f<IJI' A; fJ
(9, 6. 3)
(9. 6. 5)
u'
P,,,v(rr.,s) = a+z1=~)sP1n(rD,s)
(9. 6. 6)
J: JI: ft A !Ill~. -t JI: J!I> Fo fi'J 111" !'!

i i!rj.>:1.n ! _l_ -;ipfD .,
rv dr;:i
~!.!? ..i.. a* rl~~

u + (1 ..,_ o;)s
rps
1-
ws]Pr D
= 0
(9. 6. 7)
(9. 6. 8)
f(s) = s n:'
a
+ '"(l +-
<.v)s
(1 - <.v)s
(9. 6. 9)
:trlll c9. 6. s1Jild;;JttE" J'f11' 11w. ~ d'F n@f'!l1 lit"" tt Fi '!11li!: "'1J'li1lt lltil-:trlllot!ll. ;11;
;.!l l'f ll'd'f'iif ill 'il: ( 9. 3. 39 )- ( 9. 3. 44 >1'Ft'L IJ::'J!'jlj;!fl ltl , ;;J<!llill p'" Crn "J Z fci , J'/(j/l 3. 3 l'i ?Jr
if n1*ill1Tttfl!llt iJi!, RP 1"1WH!I! '14 ilif J: EE:tJ Pin Crn l-1, fl'J *.!/. Bl!!'.\l.
9. 6. 2
llJMcp~l't!!i:ti~Jn!lll!\I
mn
<1i 11HJl 1J. l!ll llit 1i!i mi !!!! 1'1J !ll: !ltlli! 9' fJ ~ iliJ mr. ill! . miJ '!:!ii 9' it mr. 1f!ll"2 Iii. "''!11l'k Fo ilf
(9. 6. 10)
(9.6.11)
(9. 6. 12)
'""
'"
"~"
9. 7 ;)-~!11' $! 'f Bingham ilt#.ii'ilt
421
p.n I.,., = Pm
(9. 6. 13)
:II; 'f ,r0 ~ r /r, , r Ir,< 1, EE Jil 8, 2. 3 1'1lJ'llJ ,l;j<Jf!'lif Jiltt/<'l<lliLt iii!;! V, ~ rq /3, jlijxf T Bingham
iii! {;!: ITT i;J< % ~ .c.iii! ii!J , t!i 'il'. rn . 3 2 7l1i
v, ~ap, I
+A..'
(9. 6. 14)
K,(
Jr
'~'1
q--;, ~-( tI .... +"')

3
(9.6.15)
::<! T i<ifl 1f Ill< 9. 6. 1Ol , 1\li'll''il: '!' q E; PtnlllLi\ Jij!JIE, Xt1flll r9. 6. 11 l- (9. 6. 13 )j~Jft fl: '1J!>,
#f\'jlg !l! 'I'll B'J ~ tti!!f~l. i!t>J: rs. 2. 62 l i!!1i'Jll!t:ir. 8P
~:;1,D~'"'1 ~1
<U1 cthW - l)far{J
Ill iffl "1: (g. 6. 15 ) 3G I: ii! Jt#i&\lil: fl:'!): J!>Fn 1lJ"l' Jl!t
u = sf (s)Prn
- + -3 -A..n
J.-q
K1
1 r,i
5 rDs
(9.6.16)
(9.6.17)
~ w + ~; [jisil:~~);"h [j1so"~~); ]- 1]
(9. 6. 18)
jif,J:(9. 6. 17){1:,!..(9. 6. 10),!!!1!1!.o!'."T!l!

'il/>10
-.-~
drv
+ -r10 -8P1v
+ sf (s)Prv
arv
A
-t- -s
(9. 6. 19)
A=J....t..n_~
5 rn
(g, 6. 20)
ro
='Jt
1f I'll (9. 6. 19) "'f (9, 6. 8) 8'J Jli A~ f'il '1Jl J! lU ' ,i;J "1;'1)':1: ~J rn 'fj fl ]'Ji B'J
!J<-1' ~F i'f JX 1jt
11\l:Jt :tr@ . tE- iE ITT it! J'/.ilid4' r 1'I /:IJ pm <r ,, l 2 m.'ilJ J!l !!it fl!& ill! it ff! !!I J!I! 'f rm .tJG ttllll ffi fl
p,r,,nt tn 8'1*:!\!lli~.
9. 7
7tlf3ftJllt.P Bingham Vlff*~ii!f
4'l'lilf Ji: Bing h'm iii! {;l:l'E )ti!!' fr !i!t 9' ft'liift ii!J , Bl lll 9. 3. I 'il'll< Ill Jill il!. X&'f Bingham lift
!$: <'E'J !l! '!' !'J Vi: iili ,:II; 1i %!:!$~ 'l'ilt !!If! M1'M!V$ ,1i :<!: Jl1i !lrilt Jld'<Vi: {;!: EIJ !!!! tt Jl1i ilt , Ill 1'1; il.
#iii!!$: 1l:?tll' fr !l! "' UJ l!!l:IJI /:lj Jll! $ :!!l:?t JI' 8'1 liiJ I!! . ill! Iii] l!!::f llcif J(ill;
ll<111Ft 5\:1' /:IJ :11;~1.lD'rfl!, !+%fr l!!t 'I'!l!:l::lffi! (8. 6. 20) Xt'l'l!U illi: {;$:"11 Bingham lilt {4;Jlg
hl'ilUll jl:!>J: '!' /Jlf.lit Q, q ffi;/J ~'IJ:ITT ;)(::!\,,Vi:{;!: '!!!I! 1i ;)(:. M'f Bingham i11i: {;l:B'Jtr; fiill$iil! .~
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(9.7.1)
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(9.7.2)
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aV ,.v-il.f ap
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lit
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(9. 7. 3)
(9. 7. 4)
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r
mt
TD=-,tv=,
r..,
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= V snJ.D
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21'kY'11,.~:r::fiA.n
(9. 7. 5)
:it 4' ,,,,,:l\'i Bingham lit l*fl'J ~Jitil'J ii!! ij/J lli:IJllll Jll'.
). _ 2rrK 1hr.,J.. V _
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f:l!il3: ( 9. 7.
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(9. 7. 6)
= rf, tJpD
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(9.]. 7)
4) '.!i Jlt7Clt iii ll> l3:}J
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+ .f. Jpro
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li:MJl;lH<f 1%3!: (8. 6. 20 Jffi:/ lo'i:!ll 'f Bingham lit\*, llJ'.!i Jilt
v-K'[(ap)
ar
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(9. 7.
8)
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(9. 7. 9)
'l'i:f"t m'<'<bl:fll #1111, P'I lt!J'fgfd<fa'J JG:ll m!lf ,i: 1:1
( JpD)
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= -
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+ 1lsv)
(9, 7. JC)
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Csv
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tn
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+ Vsv
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9. 8
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14 l'lll 'i!: <4.
6. 25 J , ll.1 in.,-
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(9. 7. 15)
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5'1:(9, 7. 5l ?Jf n! Xll'J 7Cl:il'J :I: !P .,J, :11; cf , An i!l:'i '"'"
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<jl:l\' l!t~W f>l<l l l1; 1' fiil Im, 4t
xt Eli!ll'!l'TI!fifiirrB ~fiJ& iliitlJl::lrili,
9. 8. l
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J'F" 'Iii xt 't1* >Ii tt 111> !ff !fll li!ii J!!Hk!ff:!r.c" llt ii'J 11' Jfi ll'J p Ill i' l!tff tt ii:!lil lJf ~ ,ilBll 'I<~ tt llil!I'
1T IEl IB ?tllilit ill *1l* l!ll !iJl, Jm rn 9. s !iiffi, ill oo 9. s 1lJ Ji\, ft iliflfilii~'l' K !17c illl>IVJ" xtr
II"' ll'J *I' &I, ' l'l I!!( Ill'. xt fi ili:IPl'J 1~ 1J' ' JL '!'if;!!! fl' Jlj Xf 'f 1e II"' fl'! II' .lit .Elill~ 'l'~;lcTI!f % '
l'L lilt Ill'. ; <~ P{l[ 1f -iE Ii a>J ">!\'!;le j'!!liJl:Zi: Pill! ill: , >ill.ill\\ 1J 4e lli '.!l;.jjj ' il!lj'!! ~ 'f 4 !Ii 'I< ill Ji:
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pKVJ
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8. 3)
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c9. s. 6lat. lt:f!~J ;1; 9' itJ K,, J;Jt J!Hif!Jllt!l!'. v !If!II'. P 1ili'.lt'!tli'1~1iJ. !I'll'!fl 111-1'-at r"l &
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Jx
(9. 8. 7)
'
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(9. 8. 8)
b,-h
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b}h 1
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Pl(.T.:,t)
q:(x,t)
t'P
(9. 8. 9)
(9,
8. 10)
(9.8.Jl)
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(9. 8. 12)
(9.8.!3)
426
(9,
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oXJJ~' , 6..r = ~ , m00
9. 9 (b) 0 i$f 1J:fj_ ( 9. 8. 14) j:l;l;j jft)(;_t
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8. 14)
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b\ '11!1' !1!!11! ~JIE '!!~:!l-1' iC 5J-;(jj r<J!I.
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q,(:z' ,t)
f:'q1(x,t)dx =
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(9. 8. 20)
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9. 8
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427
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9. 8. 2. 3
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L"pwood Cl 948 l ill'lt 'f 3iJ~:k7)( '!"Ii! $fLfr !Jt 'I' Vii Ji' lt'J Xf il(. iii: 20 'PllE (!'J lilf JVlk ii T 111.:!i! llli;
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ii! :!l!i: )Z
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l!ll llt1r1!L Ji; l'Elf< 1. 7 11' 'I' B fF T ft lR. ;$:1'i4f ~it Darcy IE $1t'J lllU"', Bou,,ine<q ilif!!l .Xtlilt
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Brinkn1an 1.f{! Brinkman ( ;ffl"illJ 1t;:I'.) 194 7 P!t ti:\ :tn1 "f --t-Jr~:
10. I
V p =-
;v + \7
(10. 1. 3l
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llll <E ii* J'.L)j! !i<I\ jf'fli! ( l 0' 2' 17 ) f!l ( l o. 2' 18 ) '
f~ TD.
+ imyv + stv)
8tz,,)exp(i/.::cfJ + imyD + stn)
Wl)(Xn,yn,zn,tD) = W(zD)exp(ilxD
(10. 2. 191
Tn(:rn,yn,Zn,tr.) =
oo. 2. 201
IE 1?: lfH'i:A1i'!'ll u o. 2. 17 l fl: U o. 2. 18 l , Jt 'l- .ti, il'Pl< 'JL1i11'1lc

b=
(/2
+ m2)112
l'I; <!' ,/ f!l "' 7J-~1J ;!) z, f!l Yn 1f r'J ilS IJl1'!X , ITTHl!
d'l!I
- (b 2 + s)B
d,j,
2
dd
iy -
iV(z)
=-
b2W(zv) = -
(]O, 2. 21)
(10. 2. 22)
b2 Ra(zv)
(JO.
Zn
.>JZ!i<l\l.! -Xf:: Wt1i'l'll111ic!if 4 'tit! JI. ~i'f.

!):})$ ~i'f' l:'f {~ii!i<.
2.
23)
~ llJittefraT i!Jl.~i'f,
W(z;;)=O
:fzD=0,1L
(10. 2. 24)
6l(zL)) = Q
1 ZD
J:
(}Q, 2, 25)
*iiE
Q,}
f'Ji!:n 1li!lll (] 0. 2. 22) - (1 O. 2. 25) i!J Jllt

{11[fi] Ill!, ::!Jc!lf Jljl W (zn) f!l El< Zn) tE Xno Yn~:l:f:i!i!!#:/f J'f , ill(!/& l f!l m 1'f Ji!: :!;'Ile, llil jiij .~.IJl1!/& b 1' ! Ji!:'.i;;li:, -~JJl,l/ "' Ji!:l!!/& 'f '~
f +iw, ~ <>o, mu f!l 3': CJ o. 2. 19 Jf!l o o. z. zo l 111il< ttiillfifiat lllJffif Ill lie, l.! ll! 'R !il*!i<I< B'!ik"'li!:
"'11\li! B'!. ilii << o. muik"'li!:!tli!B'!. ffil w<~ o lltM 1;;z 'f 11\li! ttfl'J 110J1. ii!, li!:'1' !lt'Extmt <1Jil
i41l'IH'ii.\f !;l\ik;ffii l iJ'~tliliJl.ill< ('f.
T llii 1i1f l'>'.Xt J'Z 'f 11fli J'h11d'i' 8'J i!i: i!IJ j/; 'I& Ra 8'J 'I& (IL -!!tilt* , w lit ili Jli\ iillftli '!' . ff!xt f'J
II!!. T-ill!li:E M "! e~ oat .. ~ o. !Ii k'.I llittiill fi!iat l"l lilt;: at. e: irJJ! lll(Ji!!ll' it. J!;liJ ii'iiJI., '~ll!lll!
li!tt.li !!; Iii(!!!"' llitJ'.Lfl'J '
tE)J!'l<!'4' ,~o, ~JJi1lJ!i:l!.(!O, 2. 22J1ill(JO. 2. 23)i!;:;!J
d'l!I
-di
Zn
b'
= -
W(zi,)
(10, 2. 26)
(JO. 2. 27)
Bl k'.11: J!!f A ill* BCzn J , 111 W n l !'J 4 ~ln1li!

dd'ii: - Zb~ dd'iy + bi(b~
ZD
- Ra) ill=
Zv
(1(1,
2. 28)
(JO. 2. 29)
W(z 0 )
J!k 1;'!'1 Clo. 2. 28 l f!l Clo. 2. 29 l
B'l.
sinj1!'zp
(j
l,z,3, ... )
~X!I: -tf-tA:IHlU 1o.
(10. 2. 30)
2. 27) , 1ll ill i!i:i!IJ ~!/ii: R, 8'J 110 JI.
435
(!0.2.31)
Iii .tl'\'11-Jli il>ll1J , "I
j=
1, b=
at ,Ra lfl.i!JJJ'ii'!. J'.l:it 1i(l;)'fliil'l'Jl& Ra,. if1111;l;)'H!I:~ b, 5'*U 09

Rae= 4ir1
.-:c
39. 48, b, =
(10. 2, 32)
1f
Iii Jlt11! ili tlf ;{1;, X1"f7G'1it:k7J< "!"Ill\ Jl;?L JC !ft 9' ft:illiiJI[ ~ jf ;(E)i\; llil t~!i\ ft'J ti!! JI), 11' !iii ~1) lS[
Ra<<' flt, fldiliif (J'J 11'-Pii .\'J''1\>/X"5Jl!I; 11' Ra>4rr' at, :/if $t 15'1 iJI[, f' '1)( 'fill:~ 7'1 B'J
!ii !Ii'
iX If, <~tt !~Ji!tt jr lfr!il tfJ llli! tta<J !IJJJ!ll. Jflllim T xtiit !ii Ill! B'JR <J-. i!lil<3" rix it lllllll
:(71< 4"4" ill .t ft'J 1Li'JIE%1'l:<fi!i iJl, Efil }; *liEii'!lliJ 1!i il<i!l ita<J,
JI(!!!. Wj\ 11': y 1il!J lft !ii ~1il!J1f ffil , ff"!" ill .t Ill Ii\ JI) 1k:;I; iE :tf Jl', liT EiJ 'in (bx,/ ./f) ''"
( byD/ ,/T)~JF J_ilf'JjL 00 .t i\Wr :fft%.:ffl::iJ:R fH;lf}. TiJ' Eb cosh.rD+ 2cos(b.rD/2)c:o;; ( ./3 byn/2 )?{<
iii, 'S frJ7Gltlfll7k 'f"iltl~ ;![!Ji, 2 Ib, = 2, j;lf.il!: 1':il< 2H, E5l ill ;(1!{),il;l!( illl 9' Jl!e- xtiE :Ir!!' 1K
iii; '\' oMl Ji oMl Ill; fl'J Ill~ . Jlt.!lf , !:I( itlll it xt :R ifJ %Ill Ill! :f fjg iJ! "~ ;( -1' ill llf!l '1' lit I* Ji!eh/, '\', G '<lo :ft
ii'illEiil~!ll: T~, lW:;l,;f'll Ji, l! it'll' ill 4~!:1(tllll ie* liil '.JlF,
~i'l'ltl ~Ill i'fIll fl" i: !':I 00i"1-!i ; J:. !Ii:( ;i; ill71< if11 i!l' mm l\'51\ i!f T r!i ;r: ii a<J 1r,; J'l. liii t'J l&
t111KJ; J'I. iii; l& xt T' :ii; 'E 41-# ;i; /ilJ iiJ.J'l.ilft i!f !1!1't iI'1 ti!!JI' , ~ IB<iJ!
1iE m: fiiJ I!! '!I' l1l ~ 11.i1!'1'
:1'~. i!!xtr1r.l'l'mu111::;\J'.1\l! fl'Jm % ;i; 1!. 11Jl&ii'!:tr#i.
Nield 0 968 l !il ili T iHI< '!'/ill i!Il'I' !!:ft!l!ittll' l'A'. T fl'J 11(l; J'l.11.i, i:l: !I; Jlt?lJ :('!!! 1o. 1 '1' ,
*,it*
lit 10. I -&folit!Jl.!lll'f!l!ifl'!'>lh>!'Hi R, ijlJ I,
..,ff
JoJJi!Ht
Ii(;;
'fl
{\[
7'11!
l!\;t/l'f
Ra.
4ir1 "" 39. 48
27. 10
z. 33
;,
.s. 14
1'J117'
"l!ll
'Fill*
'f'JllJj(
"'lf 'll
'fll!'Jt
"'!ll
'1! 111
1'Jlllt
'1!!\\
'fJllJj(
ief!l!\
12
'""'t
l'Jll*
""'
li!fE
"l!ll
Z7. 10
z_ 33
!I! II.I
li!!E
'l!ll
11. 65
l. 75
10' 3
l'lil>l'<it
11.\;tiJI.
JK:IJ'I'
If""
'
T-il!O:
"'I'll\
'.<Effi
!I; II.I
lf=9. 87
;r/2=1. 57
l'Jl!Jj(
'1!!!\
Jl'!E
'1!!\\
Jl'!E
'111>
ill!E
'11111
12
li!fE
'111>
~ffi
'1!11.\
JO
Jl'!E
'1!!1.1
fil!E
!!!II.I
1)- JM l1'J ffll :Im~
lltr -1' itlt T :;\Jilt% 1Ji!il"1 iI'1 $l'L :JC ftlt ill Eil Jli:lllltn!<!\l!i'll il'?iI'I 1t,xtOO:. 'i'1'iti JC!It
Pl llll<f Jm :\'!\ ~ 1$: fa!i 'l Iii'il iI'1 MllE , {;;!, il'i II! illii!<!\ "i"ili. , 7Jc 4"'11 "!'- ili.if111k "!"!!.\ l!ll tt !!I' ill' M!]' Ra l&
tll'IB' Ill jjf il!J11;Jl!dliir S'J 'jjij J&;I( R" nm!B ' llil fl!;!\ l!1Jl- Ill IB mt 'Jll !;!\ill J!-llD!I! l{;Ji'dliir S'J '
Fili! 5t~rJi'!'rrlilf J'L
10. 3. 1
mmmzisl.11
JI;*"'
~~ -t""' 3G'1l 1": S'J !'ll'IH:l\'Fil!i ili iM\:% T. 'il!iti'il!

l*fa!f tl!!111 (J'J $J'L" !JL "JlltQi;
'4'1ilil ~jg T~, ftp l!1 I 0. I ?Jiff>, Cheng, Minkcwy" (1977 J lilf 'I\: T ll:#tlfif; Jjf 51 ill\ (J'J ~X~ii[,
'.!!; f'i'. t ll: Jl;1!11 ill
nn Ji\ liiJ ill!
Ilk I l!lilll. rt! t:-"1-'f il!ill!il 'y 1!11. l!i:T ili ilii j'[j [ii] ti'il! iil1"lJ ltt1517ctlt11'1l'IB Bit -t
i\!'(J'J!i\ lt!J!-ll'L ftn 1!1 I 0. I 9' Jil:l!l\P,Jfjf, 011.\il!J!-Jl!Ji';j'[jXHI: 'f
9' S'J ll'Lillifi'J fi;JJO!:l\ 'ml .R tloifi'J
li>~ib' fr! ll!tlil P'i <l!ll.~Jd: 9' J NI. ii' S'J iill!l!'.;t i\1 lilho .ll: -tll!tlil Jiltl'1< :%11.\i/H'! lil .;\'J l!Jlff;lfl! S'J ll:il!
fliif. ::::'.!i!il!J'Pll :lfll!Jli( !1111' IB 5't: ,
0
ii('*
ilu+"'~o
a-c
ay
K
(JO. 3. j)
[IJt/ax
u = - - ::.L..-pg{J(T-T=)
_,I
(JO. 3. 2)
i!1!'
.
ay~o
oo.3.3)
dI'
dI'
dI'
il'T
oi
ox
oy
Jy
d"'::;:"'"f~u-;--+v~=a-.
(10.3.4)
Jl; 'P 'p' :!ikill> S-9 )!; li!JffijJ Z:i!1L llil :%tlo!:l\il!J!-li! lttn#irlil JS!!l!'.Jl-:ll! ' lli;'J' 'f i{J-'f.l!j';lf rliJ a~ lE
Jl! 5t:ll! "'Eli ri tlo;IJ!l! (I 0. 3. 3) 'Pili!*" :rl!' fill i&t il'T I ax'< <ii'T I Jy'' lfr ~j lillit1r ll! (] o. ], 9)
"1ffl!C10. 3. 4JS'JIB5't:o
f:lf!l1Clo. 3. 211'!1 oo. s. s>Jl-*rJxt y !ll x 3"-il-ittmti

JJOl~-i:' p' ,jl'ijfni'ii[>li!i ~.ii!
(10.3.5)
u=f',v=-()
Ry
ax
iljf7f!l100. 3.1)-(10. 3. 4l1tJi115ldW!!'lll: 11! T fr!

l"i-t1f ffi!
T"'
T~,
if;
gpK JT
Jyi = - , - ay
..
..
il'T ....
ayi -
Ill JO. 1 l!Hol!<'l'Ui!iil ll!lB'JJl<JiJ!
(!Q.
"f.]
l.
[' iTI'
+ "
dl.'
>p_
a
dt
J,y J:r - (Lr d,Y
3. 6)
(10. 3. 7)
rllif ~ lfH!! J!-ifd'L

:% T :i[(-lll i~ ttlli, 1Jll)E "1il i!!?l-:ffi' 18-il!iifi Jl\I x S'J lil oo
JI;
~.N
T,.
T,,_,+M,
(x;;;;to1
(I0.3.8!
<t x<O, ,,i, 1'/ 1Jll ill:llt:li 'f ti , :<z 1':1JlH~ T. ~ T ~.. T'Jt!l!-*i'f fro r,
v=O,
T=T"+Ax',
u=O,
T=T00,
:Q:y=O~
(\0.3.9)
437
(JO. 3. 10)
(I0.3.lll
(10.3.121
J'Ulf PJ;'ij; f(ry)IO 8(vJllU!'o r11J1i!'l!ll:Jt/fl\l

jll-8'=0
(JO. 3. 13)
II"+ I +Aflf-A/'8=0
(10. 3. 14)
J,
f(O) =
f
~j'\';(\O. 3. IOJj)'~rJxt
1 (=)
o.
0(0) = 1
f}(r-=) =
(10. 3. 15)
y fU x ;;J<'.{fc!ij;, :lftt:ft.Jlj T ,.-T. =Ax'. iiJj1f!iffilii!OCllJJtj; " flJ "Jt
~IJ:\J
u=
a
x
~Ra,1,f 1
v =!!__Ra
Zx
111
0
Cr;)
(10. 3. 16)
[(1 ~ /..)tjf' ~ (1 +A)/]
(10. 3. l'l)
)(t/fll! (! 0. 3. ! 3Jjif(Jt-1:i::li':fiJ !ll :JG!!r"'!tl:lt!Yl-!fd'f '!ft te

(10. 3. 18)
f' (VJ = 8\V)
lil:l!!IJllltiti!!l! xu/aRa, fllititilftilt 8= (TT.)/(T. -T.J;l!IR ;'t'Jf:j; ry i!'i l'J-PJ;'I!:, 'E lij
1,fl.,----------,
~'ij; A 1f
iIJ JO. 2ii! t!J T Ell /Tiil (IO. 3. 131(10. 3. 15Jll'lt!Ji!'iltiti!!tfllltitilft!t 8 )(t;jfjf1.I
0"
tt'Jt It ry Ill *.l\ illl ~ '
..,
- 114
r iliHtn:ii.Im J'fl Ill Ill !Jit 8.
0 6
0
I /3
i~Jl.\Jt!J'fl !i!Yrlli!t v ll!1; ry,, Ell o o. 3. 121 li'i
3/4
I
->t'f 1i) VLltte 8 lili!i'. rl'lJ*.l\'
0 4
*,
(JO. 3. 19)
'1~
~
0. 2
;lJ m J:AA\ JE
v. ;\) 8= 0. 01 i!t V i!'i ll!, 'E lj' A {jij, ff

!R. )(j:f l'J Ill ' ii! 'v. i!'i 'ttll!?rJ r.i: 10. z 9'. )(j'f
0
2
6
8
0 it'J "l'illt!!!JlllJ!j. accx>I.
'I
1'l'ltl\':hn!t.l'fifiJ:a<Jl'1il1!!1!!i!i'!i.liBilt q", <!'< l!l lD. 2 l'JitilDr'iilll'J!<lllll:'l~i!i!tt
fllff
rm ;l:; ~ !IP it
(10. 3. 20)
10
'!i!
438
q' = kA~'r( ge;J .xt

12
---
c- ll'<o)J
c10. s. 21)
B'J Jlt ") 9l A- 1I 3 MJil'. T J0J ~ ~ Ji!i lit , i\lf J:: 'il:; '.!'1 JJll. 7t :11 llll JIJ 'il:; , IP Ill N "'"h l& ~ 1iE , tl; rt
(10. 1. 20lic Nu.-hx/k 792'lli!! Nu,,elt J&. :)t oP, f'ili\~ J& h~q"/ (T. -T,, 1, m~rt (lo. 3. 21)
"!Iii: JC :llt!fl *rt "'

(10. 3. 22)
-o co) !'J IIJJ!'91J:ff'~ 1o. 2 'I',

11; 10. l
_,,
'
)!Jll!ilill!l'l'fli '" ... fflO )!fl A!l!ll!itiltlf>

-tl(O)
....
...... ........... _., .. ......
-113
7. 2
Ji!ii:J:~ il!'.79
-1.14
6. 9
0. 162
0. 842
6. 3
0. 444
0. 888
1/4
5. 7
o, 630
1. 006
J/3
5.5
}, 044
J/2
5. 3
1. 118
3/4
4. 9
o. 678
o. 761
o. 892
1. 0
4. 6
l. 001
1. 614
L<lli; :Ii T
l,qr'""" q'
xy
!Ht
Nu/Ra'"
"Ill!
J!; 1J jj!i lit
1. 271
'!' ilii'li [liJ lilfJ'lJll!!!I'. l'Ft!i..~. !'Jf';l;%$ iJ
J'"q"d.i- = kAJ/21
o
!!1!5.)
iiz/
2 ) Lio+J-O[ va,
1+3A
O' (0) J
(10. 3. 23)
iX1'!1! ~'.!'J HI. 7G II: llll 11' rt 79

Nu _ 2<1 + Al'"c- O'(o!J
Ra:i
1 + 3J.
:It 9''." "Ji!:liliT !(:Ill L J:: 'f#J i!!lil , BP
'
Nu=
k(T.-T~>
T.,
Nu/[Ra]"'!'Jll!JJ!YlJ{E;!!
1 0. 3. 2
--t: =
JO.
lJ:
(10. 3. 24)
[ RaJ = .ccPKo:..L::.<:;,1...,_'._::..T"'-")
-
(T.,
(10. 3. 2j)
-T"')d;1_
2 'I',
7.1< zis JI:\ ZjS tJR
Cheng, Chang Cl 976 Jiff Ji'. T 'l'xrl< :~'!'tit iliiflil J::. :J1Jfli!! !'J liliJli!il'Jl& B'J llL illJ, 'lt!it tll T
1'!I f~ f. l!I' x~'f 'ii: (1o. 3. a' :i; fl'; 111'1* l'li milt :it
J!>.-'11'.tlJi. J:: ill ;1: fl 1t llt 9' !'J !ii x1 mt ,111-
mm
wtr
J!J T "1J !ll !!! ,

llO. 3. 26)
(! 0.
3. 27)
I 0 3 .JC !Ii I') ,lj! "" I'.
-----------
439
------- - -- -
11
Nu =3(l+AJ '[-8'(0)]
11' 1o. 3 J'V ie T xt :i; [llJ
A {i![JiJi ;;j!Jl>il'J ~.
'1l 10. 3
(JO, 3. 28)
(1 t 4il.)
Rav'
fo -ff ( 0)
~11<'1'11.\'l'l!i ,,,. -~
'
CO>lli >ll!!UUI
~11
"'
(0)
5. 5
0. -120
1/2
5. 0
0. 816
4. $
1. 09!l
3/Z
4. 0
1.351
3. 7
~-
571
"2: "' tt; , 1'E Mit! J'1. ll! vJ J-r Vlt < m> it il'J ll! ft ,t 'I.I 'Ff& oo rei .t til'ifi Jl!<l' :ki.!t-1'> ff'1 :ft !lf liHlt
'l'l fl l!i llt;tiilt til'i!i il'J Mi~ I!! 8- xt iilt
J8 Jlt1!" Alilf'l'l T - 1'li: ::\7 2L if! f!<!!il'l'l!t. l!l ilii!ei .t ,T. <T~, Jlitilt jjj<~ ::\7 x iilllfr;Jj('l"Jf
reJ , y iil!4\'lll! reJ .tJli'i.t$?Lfr lili, P~ 'i"1!i..t::\J L<:;,x<:;,L, y~ 0. Xtri!i:f'i'till% , nll!ll! ::\7
""+""=o
ax
ay
u
(10. 3. 29)
K ?Jj_
(JO, 3. 30)
K[aJi..
+ pgP<T~ -Tl]
ay
(10. 3. 31)
d:r
v =-
i1I'
i1I'
i1I'
<IT
a-+u-+v-=a-,
at
Ox
Jy
(10.3.32)
Jy
:Iii Ill Ju/ ax-0 ll'i 4' p' , 'Iii lflll>

(10.3.33)
u=O,
(10. 3, 34)
T=T.,,
:it 9' Jl!!;fiJ ri 1lli r 'f'1!i.'lb I" !I'. L, :l! 51. ::\7
Ra=
gpKL(T = - T ,)
'"
8-
(]0. 3. 3.6)
L&-j/J
ic q' [WI m ] ::\7 j;\( i* !l!!fO il'J $ R fr lili #'!it 'fll1-'I" 1!i. IJ<J f"'I.\ $ , Pl<J
Nu.=
(!0.3.35J
'
k<T.-T.l
,...,,
N u>IBelt
ri Jl, 1lJlt!;'l. :'.\I
Ra110
i!i: J;i!l}ll!;'l,\'f'f&ffl'jf! 9' Nu- Ra"' ( i'i'J!lll , 91.s!: () o. 3. 24 J) Jli<T fill il'J
Chen, Chon ( l 987) if lilfJ'l T $Rfr Jjli tt4~lf 'Wi1ifi'l!V\( f*JiJifil!fO fl'Jffl'Jli
(JO, 3. 37)
O J JL;'i-Jli 1' &; hit

- - - - -1-------
10. 3. 3
7J< Zf5 l'f.I li!il tt
"l'\llf-1' 't'te 1>J '. H'J Wll l!'ll #.71' 'Fat lit~ i!l *Iii: \ll< "'1~tLfr!lli9'. l!'ll tt lll*'ll'I!! 1g T, , fr
lilt cf< Di\l!fll!!Jlt J\1 T. , fi;fll R!! 'f ltlt '1i Ra !&TS'llli$ ti!i: lli: jjlj.
1& jf. ](ill! tl'61' if. .f . x ill! V.. l!'ll tt :;11 iillJ!t T11if -,/,( B !lL'"'M!J'l: lii.B1!l:IJ ri'J Jlil r>! 1$ l!h.I.\ B
!lLll !Ii F oJ y ill! V.. l!'ll tt 9' c' l'f\12r>! 1$ l!i!, ill' 1111 $Ill ofll fll :lltiJ j<J ll'; lo]')tll: OJ ~H!\'11 ,m1J !!,\J;IJ Ji'
mi1'J ~ *~ :n!!I :i,
(JO. 3. 38)
\10. 3. 39)
o=O,
u=O,
~::.1=r..,-Vl.;
T=T...,,
T=T""'
(10. :t 40)
ty.._oo
'.@: ,\?; !l!z liE , ilH~ Ill! "'1 ttl ii:! 1'1111 :J>
J'
</; = [ g f3.K
v (T., - T"')ar,. "' (1 - cos) 11!f{'IJ)
T-T.
+ (T,-T.)8(~)
"-[gfJK<T.,,-T 00
1
qi'.,,=
var,.
kl. OJ'!
dy
o. 444k(7'
yo
"'
Nu'/>
RaJ12 -
!]
112
(10. 3. 42)
ysin
(JO. 3. 43)
(1 - cos) 112
- T )112( g/1K) i12

:.;int
"'
. var.,,
(1 - tos\i.J) 111
0. 628 (l _
sin\fl
2r.,q 11
Nu~= k(T., _ T "') ,Rt1 =
(10. 3. 46)
11.i 1W1 J;JJ !9 'f #J i\111if !:!\ ii!i Jil:J\7
..
t 'i: 1'f ""
x.i! mJI' ii: J\1
Nu/Ra 11 i = O. 565
(10. 3. 44)
(JO. 3. 45)
cos)11i
q" = ~f~q"(!/J)dr/J = o. 565k(T,.
(10. 3, 41)
T"" )'12 ( gfiK

-~
I'"
(]0.3.47)
(]0. 3. 48)
(10. 3. 49)
441
lilll fR ll!lt If' lfu ;!?.\ ~ if.f

"'l'lilf 1i:1' m$'IL fl' l!lt IK l!! 'f'ViHI iJ<J rn It, X{jji[ ' l!! Iii ::::!fJli%11& ilii IK l!!f!l * Ir Pl<c:'!lli"
1 (). 4
~ IK l>lt
10. 4. 1
fl l! tE Tjjjjli 'il<tt ~lE l'Ut !li!it tll 1' 11(i; J'f Jiiil 'f'Ulc
=~~~EiilillZ~li'llllDOJ'/;\
'lfil! r'J J'E/itlJl:jji[ fli'19ill!!

ifll iJ<J ;t rL J~ jjt, 11'=11 !!AT i!H: ,i J lifil Pf<fe )lit li!:141'\Tn :f 'J\"% iJ<J , 2 J 1'! l!l 'Olli t~ r Jt,'f ~ tk
~I 3) jji[ 1* li!:$ l!l4'Wijji[14' I 4) D'"YPrandtl llJ(;Q:;I:: Hlll'tlJllllJ'llt ii; , 5) jji[Jl!J l!l\'1> :f li!: k '
~j(-1''11%11& i!ii iJ<J 'i!'il! , ;I; <\'ii; H, ~;lg W, ~ "1; rt Y ~ W / H,
Bouuine'q ii!i!lll!;fl 16) ~i'&:l!!Oi! /li' 'J" OJ -il' llFM'~~ -il'$,
itl lil;llllhoJt,fil'Jii, r'lllll JGJt,il!L YI~ 1fi'I 0 o. L 9) - (] o. 1. 11 J OJEJ Ill;
v .v=
V
(10.
~- K [17p- PogF ,l\ El'J !!\,,\.: tEJli% cf' -C.-.x 11!1 r'J ti, z 1lll fliJ .t, m1J g~ - gzo, ;I; cf' , z, li!: , fliJ '1\ illfli JI!:, Tli!:
::IJl!I (! 0. 4. !) ifO (10. 4. 2) ll]''.Ej Ill;
(10. 4. 4)
(10. 4. Sl
(10. 4. ti)
(10. 4. 7)
, i!r
" at
+ a.p
di' _
3x iJx
Ji
ax
i!r - ( a'T
;)ii:
ax
.
+ a'T
Oz'
Ell ::IJl!I (10. 4. 7) ifO CJ 0. 4. 8l ll]'l!A ;>!{Wf jji[il 'lit ~ f!l l!!l.!i'. T,
iii. W. ii<# i~ iiE % ml Jlll ill !fr Z, .i1!: 1k iJ<J, .tr i!1 J'i' i\l' Iii, Iii 1lt '5t ~tl "1 To +t.T/ 2, .II; o/ , ~T ;!; iE fl![, il!Jilii li!:ifl.!:!\ (J'J ,
Filii~~1fi'li1!.ff 3Gliil'l 1t, '.>
(10. 4. 8)
~T 12
ifO 7\
(10.4.9)
442
rf1v
+ yi ifD
Jxb
Jz}i
if~
a1-1i
+r
= _ YR<J.
iK!
(10. 4, 10)
r( Jz,;
'1<1'". JI!_ axp
ii'& dzi,
</la= 0, il.rn
]!!_
JXD
O.{ xv =
'1<1'" i! I J.rn (Jzn,
r atn
w
(!O. 4. llJ
1
1
z.
lzD I < 2
(10. 4. 12)
Ra= g/3KATH
:If Ill (10. 4.
(10.4. 13)
'"
10 l - 0 0 4. l 2 J li:Ji!:il!Jl:iliif\iJ l!lil'Jl\'.'li'lll!\lL lll; 'f, llli!of'Jl\'. Ra Ji!:Jl>lli'J#l\'..
!!<1!tl!lttt?l'fli 'fll!tExtn!!i!OO. 4. 10)-(10. 4. 12JJ!lr~tt~ii'.117l'lli. ill?IHl:ifl<!

tll it.iEJl'HiiJ lll!clf 1ii'*li1I
(10. 4. 14)
rt~= o,8, = - z
l'l\ ifl 7E Jl'.l11! 1lc Iii i1'J 1ii':.$: f!1I J: JJiJ ~tit ii!ll; , Nil
ifo = r/10 + i/1 = <fl .8 = 80 +(JI = - z +fl'
(10. 4. 15)
1'f J:A: 1~A )f !'l! Clo. 4. 1oJfll Clo. " ll >, !ilttitltii!J lit il''!lll:EIJ :::'.fu'tJJ!. 'I1!J.j<'f tJtilllllt i1'J ::h'!'l!
"' 112
3x
+ r a'I!
<k
if Y1
+ r if Y1 - ... r&
Jx'
r ikfl
+ Y' iJI!at
ax
(10. 4. 16)
.'51'_
az'
( JD.4. 17)
a.r
(10. 4. 18)
<fl-0, 11'-o,
{.fz-+;.
lxl<;!ll:
J:;;i: 'I' jg li!i rai!i:Jii'. .:w l'l '.ll:ttl'I rlii' D ill' ti.
jg T illll:tt illlllt~Bt 1'1 EIJ;it~, jj\(flxt't;!!ff 'll':liil' ~, 1f'!l' Jilt!mr if A; ,
(! lx,z,t) = ecx.z)e"', 'IP' (:x.z,t) = '\P(x,z)e"'
jlf .cl'\ 1~A (1 o.
(10. 4, 19)
4. 16) fll <lo. 4. l 'll , j~jllj j<'f B<x ,,)fll 1P(x ,z) EIJnl!i:ll jg
il'B
J;f
+ yz il'B
J;i -:fp
Jxl
'i'-o.
il1P
ax ~ Ylw8(x,z) =
+ yi ifP + 'YRa JJ
azz
e.-o.
Jx
(10. 4. 21)
{Ex- 2lzl<
1
(10.4. 20)
i ~'
1
'f'-o. e-o. ll:z-+y.lxl< 2 !II:

i!l:Ji!::.$: iiE iJ'i !'iii lllL 1'f Ji\ liE aij , 1i1<i JE. J!I Jl.ff.i'f o o. 4. 22 l (lpfi: liE Iii 'It jg
(10. 4. 22)
443
----------------------(JO. 4. 23)
+ 2 J si1\nJt'[,::: + ~)
(10. 4. 24)
:Ii! k:l l:::JJ: 1-l:Afiilil (10. 4. 20) i'1l (10. 4. 21 )j.ij.
W'(.x,z) ""bsin1nlt'( .x
jil; 9' ,a ,b ;!}lit~, m .n "14''1t (l'J iE'l!f ~,
+ (,n ir2 + Yfn 1n 2)b = O

(1n:tr~ + rtn 2ir2 + wY 2)a + Ymtrb = 0
2
YRarrrJt'a
(JO. 4. 25)
(10. 4. 26)
ill!~ ~'!'!:'lit~ a ,b 1!4'~111.. J!~ ;t;:ra; 111.&Hll Iii! Ji!. r:1111r!'i! ,
m1.,r
YRa1n1!'
I, m~tr
--!--
Y1n 2
tr
+ wY
J'?.n~.,r
I -()
(10. 4. 27)
Ymn
(m2n:i
r~nill'i )?
rim21!'2
ytm1ir2
[
w = yr. (m2n2
r:nt11'!) Ra -
(10. 4. 28)
!:Ir Iii g 'I' Fu ilii - !Di lG 11' Ra, RP
oo." 29)
'i"t {IJltt: J! llQ;JF.lll!"Jlil;. Si>!: (IO. 4. 28) TI]' Ji\ , "l Ra<Ra, at. w< 0, !l:'il: (Io. 4. 19 J .J!l\! 'JI tit
ii!J:li!if!atf1ijjljj 'll!1"'llJ'!t , lfiljjjj Jlil'!iliJ;l;!\(l'J 'f JLf!'l:li!l!l!il B'J , i!!:/l' Ra> Ra,. JIIU w>O, J;!:l\!Jl 4' JL
fl!lcl', :f ff!,)E S'J , J;l:~f Jlt'f',t!Jt , JJ: (I 0. 4. 23) 9' m l\!7l'7J< 'f:Jr rEJ IJ@llll'll' ,n f<7l'%t!!:JriEJ IJ@lll!
4;1-Xt (m, n) (lit ;1,i-1'it.J"1!~!ht, l~JJ: (! 0. 4. 29 J;/i! Eil Sutton< 1970) JI> 1lJ (l'J , Xt Y[ ~ 1]
i'J 1E Jrm1111ilii, 4'1'fl!:X'jiJtj!!JJ:J!Jf Xt !i\1it'J11ffiJl'Jill'flJ~YlJ 'f* 1o. '.
ll! 10.. JLl'llli~'ll:il<IEii11Jlliblfllll~Jlll Ra
~,
m:tt<m.n)
(1.1)
(2.1)
&. ii!
4ir=39,478
25 ir=61.685
4
(2,2)
(.3.1)
.....
( 4 .1)
l~Oif ... 109.65 16ir-1=l57. 91 218:ir-1=178. 27
JL 1'1'1il:lfifi! lll'ii: B'Jl\!.llC ttilll ~!!:xi: (1 0. 4. 29)/!l'f1!iJ I 0. 3, l!IJJ: (m, n) (l'J Ji! 1J'i~J'l.Jl!i'flj~
Ji!o{E'.l!'.i\li It Y ~ml n tilllll r itl'J (l'J , J1 ~T 4n'.r, J!l\! I\! iif-'!'f!l>!:fl'J Jii1il: I~ J'l.Jill'1J-IJ[ .107]( '!"
:Ifill IJ@I !11~ m
J;!: Jlf :l!J !i lft f$~j'f !'J !I; Ji!, Elf Ll Ji! 11 I~ J'l. Jl!i'flJ -!i[Xflffl: jll 'ii: B'J !ll'ii 1f iEJ IJI!
m~.~.... ~'f 1. ilii7J<'F 1f ill !Iii*~ m J!l(!~'f'.!\!illilt y, "'
JC* .
y~ [
mm
lJ]"' , R a = m(m+l)11
(2m + 1) __,.
(10, 4, 30)
at ,!!! 'ii:},,\. (m 1) !Iii !!J! jilj (m + 1, I) , JI! -Jii:J1k , ~

.,. Ra
Y=(mm),
'
10. 4. 2
""'
(m
rn')
mm1
-2
11
(10. 4-. 31)
-~*J:ij;tiiz:Jlli/l!lllnam
'ttl:: 1' !!; :Ir ii: B: Jij(, jil; lX '>'! ilii it~Ll 'jg a, b, H, Ji!; llllml!!!'. 11!1"' ;I,) T, + ~T 12. Jll(llill!!.!!!'. 1Jfl
Iii;!} T, - t>T 12. M!ilii !@I;!\; t;ilii ~'jg ;i;;tuJ<, i': illi 1t h, ~al H, '.I< ilii It h, ~bl H, Jll<'ie l4i ~ )111
IE I 0. 4 IJfii Di\.\\\iEJJiilii 9'" ,z illl! 1'1 r .!Oilt:il bu;!!!!l'.11 rEJ -l&, {El: - /J',, Miti'ii5'~'1<1'f
444
r, .mtlii'~tt:llffi! flJ j\IJ:lll::lfffi! e~ ?t:fll::trl!i!fll Ill t:trl!i! iiJ ?J-~1J1' n1;

Cl'Y', +~+av,=
J:r
Jy
=-
K Jp
a:r
y __
Kap
00. 4. 32)
Jz
(10, 4. 33)
(I0.4.34)
/.I dy
V , - - Kap+
K
p g[l - /l(T - T o ) J
1idz
o
17
crr+v
crr+v~ JI'+v
err_
iJt
~ dx
rJy
J:i:
r---...j-- - , '
'
._nr
7"
I
1
o:\J
'T
(10.4.35)
(10. 4. 36)
10. 4
;jfl~ll:JJ\'i''l&IJ<tilt
445
.......................
Mif<1f W!illJ1tfJ JC:l:il'l 1t , Kil!'.ti<R.MJ ill illi Ii' H ,e *1 V B'i ~-~:I: 111 LIT *1 a/ H, 1'iilJJl1fl'I
9' JJt 111>'!!11~ 1' ffi:IJ p, ITTH4 tJ r JCJlil'l:lrl'lill
av, _ ifV,
ax
Ra iii
__
(10.4.37)
ax
Jz
av,_ av, __ Ra iii

az
ay
(JO. 4. 38)
ay
av., + ~ +av. =
(10.4.39)
0
a.r
ay
3z
iJIJ+v
iill+v''ay
iill+va::-'il
.f_ 'O
at
.r:a"l'
(IO. 4. 40)
J:~*~'l'~mm~~.X:l:il'l:l:B'ir~.MJB~*~iill~~
to
1
e- 2'
~=
Hat-,' Ra= f3gKHtJT
""
{fz=O,J,lx,yl
.1' lxl
O,
~', IYI
!i!Ottlt lt tt;t fJi llO ill 1' !ll il;ll!f cv, = o,8, =
(10.4.41)
<; l1
~', lzl
(JO. 4.421
 Jll:i1tiill:!ll::lrl'il
z- ;
'
l!i~tJriEmr~u
OV'
(JI}'
az
ax
(JO. 4. 43)
av'~_ OV'y =-Ra a8'
oo. 4. 44l
a\!'
-
d.'.f
Jy
Jt!I
Jy
JV''
(]\.'I
ax
ay
az
(}z
-"+::..:.....z+!=Q
(10. 4. 45)
~ + V',
00. 4. 46)
V'.,=O
V 1,.=0
V',=O
-"'=-Ra-
'Vi8'
all'
ax=O
;ffx
iJIJ'
1
1' y - -zh,
l1
~-o
ay
f!=O
I
= zh1
~
(10. 4. 47)
:/Ez=O.J;
if<li! WI f1il g Ti' r f1J 5t /al~ l:B'J 1iE 1i!i ~

V'' ~(x,y,z,t) =
Asin[";;r( 1+~~)Jc~[";( l + ~.J ]cosin:ze-'
(10.
4. 48)
V' y(x,y,z,t)
Bcos[~lt"( 1+!~)]sin[~,.( 1+ J:)
(10.
4, 49)
Jcost1!'Ze""
446
, [m'(.
2x)' Jcos ["'(
,I
T l + f;;
2 1 + Zy)
h~ J
sin
1l'ZC"
(10. 4. 50)
2x) Jcos [""(

Zy) J.s1nl1l'ze""
2 1 + h;
[Tmn( 1 +fl:
(10. 4. 51)
V' ,(x,y,z,t) =(cos

O'(:r,y,z,t) = Dcos
:!'I; 9' ,m ,,,,1=0, 1 , 2, "" ftcl!!:CO 1" J.r r'J li'J ll!l!i!'tt, m+n?'O, i*'il: (] 0. 4. 481 - (IO. 4. 511 ftA
1f 1!i\m (lo. 4. 43! - (10,
4. 461, jf~
m/h, = M, n/h, =N, Wl11!9i'T'1it'tt A,B,C.D li'Jl!!l t'1f
Ill.
~
MnRaD = 0
(]O. 4. 52)
l1rB - N1tC - N1tRaD = 0
(JO. 4. 531
l:irA - lvf;r(-;
+ J.lttB + l'lfC = 0
C + rw + M 7<1 + N tr:' + /l'lf")D = O
Ji J;j 1: 1f!'l'!JI 9' A' B ,c ,D 1l 1P\i:11. J!Ll !lliJ!rJlJ rrJlJ'il:1tl\t. BP
(JO. 4. 54)
A!1rA
O -M
-MRa
- N
-NRa
b1
=.~fz+~\12 =
(J0.4.55)
(IQ,
4. 56)
+ (b + l );r<
2
I~~)" + I I'
(10.4, 57)
:I
>f1f 111' o o. " s6i :ti ifta<J rr"1J'il:ll7f . ~

wl(b 2 + /2 ) = lb 2 Ra - [lb~(b 2
+ 21 + / Jir
2
(10. 4, 58)
(10. 4. 59)
(10. 4. 601
"' Ra> Ra, !hi. '">O. 'f )'L ffl;f~xe. ill :ht 'EX<llJiL
i:-5': (10. 4. 60 );)!; ai Beck (197211/! ili Ii'!
,Iii.
!'!\ .;!uJ' B'J lli\il'f liffl'f'J'tt;lJ 4n',

JI!( l!llli!1f flil ll!l ltHl'. 1=1 ..mu rti; l'f liffl'f'J itt1lT 1!17i' ::%
Ra,=(h+ !)~1r 2 ,b=[(~)'+( 1~2 ) ]

2
111
Cl0.4.61)
M'f 1' [jjJ i'J h, tl1 h, iii ,i! 1"1~ fh ll'E'tt m tl1 n 99 !!' J,ii!ifiil !'!!Bl Beck 0 972) fM\ tlJ , :J'l;llf Jl!/ljf,:(E
ill l 0, 5, ill l 0 6 9' , ill JO. 5 'll!ii' 21' 15< i\!i It h, J;!i:~ ill\ It h, 'J!';k:ll<tr~ J'illiffl'f'J'll: Ra, El'! Ul.il1J'1~
M 4n'. ?Ji!;( Iii T !illilli i'J 15< JfIi' IP h, I tl1 h, l El'Jtlllb J;J ~r, 00! !ll1X<t11iii J'illiffl f'J'tti<JJ!io>J1~1J',
00 lo. 6 cl!!m-!:1'1l<IJ!l!Jl Miltjjt'il: (m ,nl !II h, tl1 h, El'J'.il'1tii!f lliL i'Ei.l.:i!'i1' 00 9' it h, =h,
Ii'! 45'Ml;if,.lt xtfl;fti. Miltm:>t <m. ol .EJ Cm+ 1, o>;t 1liJ.,.,t'l:it't 1'E h, ~ [m<m + ll J"', oo
10. 6 >F i'J '!); ~ 111ii<1'll ~~ i!'i 1' Mi1L mo,;: ;t iilJ It i!1' i'J h iii
447
'
3
40
,,,
I)
41- I
4()
,,,
40.25
2.0
,_ ~
:=J
,,,
) - - -
'::ut...._
:QJ
,,,
'"'
4trJ
~'"
~~>
~
I'--
4()
.0 g 4 1
46:=
.s
40
1--43
~~ r-.1/ )<40 ""' \'''
41
'
,,, :---._\ ,,,
I 4>t'
.- '41
,... 4 4,_
\-
,,,
"' .3
40 .
"'
llJb
t7!i
o.o
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
3.0
3.5
111
4.0
Ill JO, $ !<til*!til' Jl!<f', IJl!Jli(l Ra, !iltt(l h, ilO h, 19!1'11:~})0

lt13.5
J,
(() ,J)
''
2.
(0,2)
1.5
LO
(0, I)
05
0.0
10. 5
( 1,0)
o.o
o.s
(2,0)
(3,0)
(4,0)
(5.0)
LO
5lt it Jl(J 5} J{
:tE!il 1O. 4. 11\' 9'W311' i'I i T Jilll>lll!ilii :tlt:Jt !li IB:Jilt'!'/Jll'jil: Ell 'f 11!'1lllbDl:!\Jili 51 itil(!'J :lt/Jll'
44 8
I0
J Sc1i' ii! 'I' oj "') ill,
liiJ !'!!, ;jo tJj l!li Jl( 8 fll ilLiii!i !& PJi Ill/ JE {fJ :.If Ill, filJ !m , Jr Ill (I 0. 4. IO) fll (Io. 4. 111 ;It 9' ,
u o. 4. 1D Jlo <F ill<tt !'J ,lJ! Ill >ti!!:# Vii. ;;JJ :!\!It :Y'1 '" ill<tt Ji\ lit . 4e !l\tt :!\tit spill! 1'E Jl I'!!"' fJ'J iii' ilG
f tl!-i\ llli!i! Jill t<itl>l T !1<1' C~Jl;JL1' >~ft, !m ~IVli. liiJU 9' fJ'J ljj);!iJft Ra. ~ #!&'lt1.ti!l!u1fili J1l
Ji st .!\ ii! !'J li! :ii fJH~ t!i ll1l !!!: '.!\: ll1l ~ , 9' 1iiii.E tt i1t iiii 1i!11 tf fJ'J Pf! -tt , t!i ll1!111'1!1f !'J ?t .it
sp t!i !!! ?t JI.!!!~ ?t JI. Jlo 1e ill<tt ii! !'J i'1i!t 114 tt
<1'1'1141b(:lr!!lC1 o. 4. 1o) .(1 o. 4. 11 l flliilJ'llifd'f' o o. 4. 12! t!i '.i':Jfilf %l:Jll!'1 ?t JIJiiJ!'l!. P.Jf
~ Ill {J<J:.lf 171 :E ll\i JI; li!T' ?t JI. lll! ti! , sp .J'E ftft:.lf !l! fll 111:?t:.If N 'fl lJlJ 51! i!t .\\\ , 1lli ;t;: .\!,\ llHlHf Jt:?t JI.
.\\\ .l'.t ill ill! JE !'J il'>of'f' fl lt 1!ii t! i!IJ:1ri!il , II.\ Fo Ill 1'f !l.?t <;;!; 1'f !l. 7" >:.If 171it I 11' :W ilO l\I: ?t:.If!l! i1t
fr!&Jl>RIWf. ;!iJ!ll i1\ii:.lf /211if VJll>~ ffi i!t ti. 'l It!i {J<J1P~tt?t .it .14 ,'lj 7}JI. {fJ llf.f.;;.
10. 5. 1
-1!!::9.l'~
1'Ell'l 1o. 4. 1 l'i 'f!fli illftl!ll ~ttl!'.iEtt?ttT>!<111T11ili J1l}jj):l1J !& 't ffi 'ii: <1 o. 4. 29 l'i!iii< fl'J
erltt t!i T lll'll:!fi'j9, fJ'J #tf'f. ~n:i\ <1 o. 4. 3o I .i!!I. oo. 4. 31) )j/f JT<.
Wlii! i'/.i, ffi/f l'll c10. 1ol ~. <1o. 4. 12 >Mlllitfl'J ii! !Ji! fiiJ l!l! .Ii; i.E ii:i!Ji!A1'f z, x z, {fJ xl'll:
r.itL xt>tjj:'i'
iEJCP~T,
s,,s.
s.(')~s.(op(x,z))&
8(:c,z)
fJ(:c,z)
1-.P<-x,z))'
0(-x,z)
.
(10.5.1)
s.(''J- s.((x.z)) ~ 1- op(x, - '))

'f Ji\Xf>ttt 'i!iliE ;!J
I" ~ (l ,s., s., <.s. l , ;Ii; 'fl ,J 1;
fJ(x, -
(10. 5. 2)
z)
m~;l!>'f, s,,s, fll '' )t itli!! ii' tc 1';. 1: T fll
r.p,c.,x1tt,
!mmr P.Jfjj;, \oJiiJl!l!f1'E-1' !>l!<Hil!Jil ('I" l'Lf!1f l;'. ~ 0 fll O, ~ - .. 2.1'1!1fM Pjf 1'f Ell Ra 11\i
Jlit :iL, f!l::f Jl; lJ!Xt Jili1l Ell Ra 11\iJlollil! !'J. ffi 'I" }Lf!1f '.i I t!i ~) 5t5i:A1'i ::f i"l fJ'J Xttj(Ji4 tt, iiii ii iii
~T ~>/Vli..fll>l: Cm' n) ;li;cp m n Jt~~ J\77)( 'I"1f llJfll flf!li :Ir rbJ Ell Jl!l tlf'!IL J'E i 1f ill (i-x, z) fl~
!&1' Jl!ltlf Ell ?t JI. i!l'tf T s, Mil:. ill' Im -n I:Y'1i!tft, m~ "l'L.xt>J; '' 1Jl,llJ! li!litf. ;!! 1o. s Jilffe T
~ ~ Gi'lll 'f! Xtll: li!litf {fJ 111' llL
f!I~
(1, 1)
\2, I)
( 1. Z)
(2. 2)
lilill'llJ
s.. s.
s.. s~s.
S1 ,S,.S,
A:
ff>lfl
fl).
l!liit. !!; n>J; tt VJ Yf .111 fi li!J'I. #d'f ll!"' T 'I" fi ::f 'll'tt iX # ::f 31\:tt.lil
fl'Jlll jj; nHH!iiJ:
~II:< x :tr ~I l:!'Jk!l.$1' J!i!Jlllttll!!tlfJ1i1Hr .l!l:i\Cm ,n!A'l!'l"fiXt>J;lliltt T: .p-1. z,. .. m
- !. :)i; ""
(10.5.3)
iliHiii!i 1lt 'l'r 4;1-l} Jl!Hl'.li!t ti: liiJ -!'I X<t~ lill Ii . JIVJ i!l 1'1Jl:il!:!if liE ii'! <Elli 1'1.J:. Ji'oT> !iii. iE il'J -'; Jlt.ffi
IX ':ll'!if-l}/11!'1lil:ti:'f' fill Ell xtll<JI tt. mu E flJ-li! i\>.ffi 3):. Xt'f
11Jfltii': il'Jtif.11', ITT 'f 'f ft
Xt>i<Jillttil'Jff'tE , i<'liEJjf ;/f il'J ~{l'.fll ii!.ffi 3C.
ill ill Ill u 'il:ii<M ICr ,z l , OCr, z l I , Ill A 'ii: iii Jl! lllJ @fl& Ra. Ill ' 'ii: iii !if-il>MJt .!< J: il'J !II<
: MEll 'l"lf'I Jt .!< ir- :1;
*"
(10. 5. 4)
G(u,A) = O
(10. 5. 5)
wJ; ii'*~'!!!( iE .'ii. li'I il'J Jt 5< "o J
~ :t rm -.111121111~ali !Ill !if, l!L il'J il!!ili:!f l!Hi!o *iJ ffl A

'l'r Xt'f A-A,, M u-u, ;l!!;ilj!-EIJ , ii!.1\t:ll!dJl,
(10.5.6)
:li!;jH!tJl<il'J. llililil du/dA B'tEll.illla

G.,(u(A)
,A)~~= -
G,(u(A) ,A)
(10. 5. 7)
ii~1\t lif rl 1i'J ffl ID! 1~-~ iEl!; ~:If #1 HI ff tt1". iJ!! 1lt l!l :!rill o o. 5. 7J il'J -iii !1Xlft #1 i1' "1 !Iii
!liffe '
u~(;. +
0).) = u(,\)
+ O'A. dud\il)
(10. 5. 8)
k'.( lit i\' :1; fE A+ 8 A il'J 1lJ itil~ft , ?,(\ Jifr J!ij fll 'f ~ #1
c:O';;CA+OA) =-G',
l,!=
o.1, ...
(10. 5. 9)
+ oA) .A+ 8A)

G(u'(A + oA) .A+ oA)
+ OA) = u'(A + OA> +Ou'().+ OA)
G: - G,(u'(A
G u+
(JO. 5. JO)
(,\
J:>t :!fl!;tE (u' ,\,);\lilt.\\\ J1i:, R G: iii' l'i lltNf:f ilj!-, 4lci/llliJJ ffi llil!l l!l:'.i:;!it. :1; T lt!OCJ!l-'<
ffi)f;, Pf 1'EliJ:l!fl!JUJ!i! ~"'11111 il>l'f. iJ!! 11!'.'f'J /!l}j l!i
G(u,).) =
O, N(u,).,s) = 0
(10,5.11)
ft'lf :If 111 (JO. 5. 5J 2:~jj! "'1.\\t~!'(~lfj '.!:; ilf ;\'< ,\\( lif l!l :ti J&Jt:lf;JG~XJ:, Pf l<lll'tt!i:kil'J ~ft
8'1" ifli ll.tEJt JI.iii\*" !!ii l'IJ!l!6l' 5c. lli flJil Ii1t
x = {u,A} ,P(:r,s) =
i!lt9'-*, :!fill il'J Ill- x(,) =
G(u,A)
IN<u,A"l
(JO. 5. 12)
{u (>) ,A(,) I!Iii JE

P(x(s) ,s) = 0
(10. 5. 13)
Jtfflillii!il'J ,,'1f M<,J1.ifJl<,ITT~ x(,)ilj!----. -lt'I'

M(s) = Px(x(s),s) =
G~(u(s),A{s))
G,(u(s),A{s))
[ N~(u(s) ,A(s) ,s)
Ni(u.(s) ,).(s) ,s)
'il jf, <E'J" llltJt .!<J: .i(, l =dx C Id; !Iii JE
M(s)x(s)
=-
P,(x(s)
,s) = -
N,(u(s) ,A.(s) ,s)
(10. 5. 14)
00. 5. 15)
450
11;
**
JZ.!'IHe. ii lit!!l;lll Jlllrll! -iti'kf'f,
1\l(u,A,s) = ~(s 0 )[u(s) -
u(s 0 ) ]
w)A(s 0 )[.1.(s) - ,\(s,,)]-
(1 -
(.1 -
s~) = 0
00, 5. 16)
J1; '!' , w< 1I3, [u" .\o] ;'fgjffl< (! Q, 5. 5) Ei<J:lli ii
1-'ol'>o
oo.s.11l
!If ~11',Jl!li;J:'j} l".. i.\1~1111)} ;tll',Jttl#!
[u,." 1'1 lE mJlfil!l:lE J)ltl I& IJf!g J)ltl tEiltlfi)} ct
J: llJ !il lll;l!Z- 'H<lilli*lllu* .\\\ , '1'i M (;) tE E ['"''' ]-1,,) J:i' ~ 1' , !ilJ .i(,, l:liltnft-Jif!! JE Ei'J,
c:u,+ci.<o~o.11,;,11+
X() Ei'J-1' Jiijlo);'fg

.r 0 (.~) = x(s~)
[s - s.JX(s,)
(10. 5. 18)
'l' Ji! tf !JiI* Vi Jill r JI' 'l\ ,

}J'(s) = P,.(x"(s) ,s)
i).f"(s)[.r'+ 1 (s)-.r'(s)]=-P(x'(s),s)
'llH~lt:l>iJJl!llt. i\f lJif x'
li=O,l,
(10.5.19)
< l tE x l i'J Ji! "'i 11& 'l I Cl: l"l fiilat M' < l ;'lg ie"'Jl<, ~tot'F!lliJlllf~ x' c, lf!(
J1, f'JiJJl!lll [!;! f' 2w/ (1-w l iJJl!l!l 'f x(,) , w< 1/3,
"'i :Iii)} ct[,.,,,]!'; ilti $0f'1~:kBt, tf!llilli ilJ VJ
ll!u ill' e< u:lli7t ctJ:Jlllit rt'.

iii'! :J4; t;!l' 'il:i'J i!t!il-'FIJ!Jlllji; il]'Jjt fl!ilj ,\\\ Ei'J 11\'Jif!! J!Ll!i', iB ilJ iili #1) ~ det (M) fl! 1<f 'lc'il'
ftJl<Hll'i'i'vf;I>. !ilil6i1!i'i':lli)};t i'Jlttl#!.
-rw !ll 1fti<i1!rrlt:I!'.
'"'7'
JO. 5. 2. I
J!ilill7iflili!~i!l:!JL-'Flflli!iit
o. 4. 1o)"" c1 o. 4. 1u r~ .11tJ11J f ifl:I!'+ nl!!,
~il'J nl!! <1
E: -
G(u,,l.,f) = O,u: = {IJ.}
(10, 5, 20)
:J4;"' 'E ;'i']!i<ft:I!' ,G ;'lg'f 1lt ~~ iil<i11ii 'Nit. A ;fa))} X .. 'tt Ra. :Nl ii!; J;t r :!/;I Jl,{lij ;j;'Nit. 1L 'Ill!""'
<l 996J, 1L .II/!, E 0 997 l lil & 1L, it .ill! Cl 997l !ll 'll;7tnllililf J'E T li1:illllbe~;~1'(Ei'J 7f 31.i'~llil,
#r ii i1' miill ~ il'J n1'1 'fill !!It -it!ldt wv !ll 'Fi!li"" tt JI.Pf: if> >i: 7'
VlD +![,DJ- Y[O,PJ- r,
(10. 5. 21)
+ YRaD~ - re,,q = ri
w(floD + </i0P) + (1 - 1J1)l?.aoq
'V~P
J1; 'I', D .P ,q j}~j;'fg 0, .Ra

(f+ 1
(10, 5, 22)
=
(10. 5. 23)
r3
Ei'Jmf~!IJI, NP
= ff--1- [J,+ 1 = ' -j--P,Ra+I
=Ra"+
q 1 11 = 0,1,
Jlllftj)Jil! tr.~. Ra' fl! 111\ti/l*!iH!L il(Jjli:!l;i
'I
r, -- ('718+ Y[.8])
ri = - ('ilf
r;
+ Y&.0,,)
-w[&,(8 - 8,)
+ (1
+ < -
,) J
w)A.(sa)[,l.(s) - ,\(so)]- (s -
s0 )
(IQ, 5, 24)
451
<p,,/J~
[,8]: -=
f;;: 1-- y1 ~
- 'Af},,' \Jl'y -,.-.-.
'iEIEJltl .\\\ '"i!Uf!-"' !lli!li't!Jnlll:, BP il!'li!: r, ,r"r,-o,
(10. 5. 25)
'1!l@'Jil,l!zl'Hl'dt~J.tt.1
I
P=O,D,=0,1'f.x= I .lz1<2Jll
2
P = o,D =
o,;ff. z =
(JO. 5. 26)
Ix I < 2 !ll
'f il!I 11'!1l l"l lli~l1'Zif<ll!ll:'.il':li!li li'Ji!! lli:111,i;.

lb f 1' iltll!i:J:il;~~ i'J , RP JI! ::::~~i!l.J!. !l:ftif<ll !11-#;ili. lii1 l!Hll l'h!H4, 11 lll illilil f!f.. iiJ
Jf!ffi :i<:lll l'l 11', RP i!lf!f. lii1l!1 8 1'f.i!tll!ii!ll 1'1 Yf li!J'li 4'1' l'l 111, lillili. lii1 fl p ill\lli li!J'li , tm l!i I 0. 7 Jjf
(0. 5, rN,"-)~~~~~~~~(N_;,;;'N_;,;,)
'
I
I
I
I
I
'
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'
'
'
'~
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
'----1--L( i ,j )+-+-+-+-+--I-~
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~'_,_~'_,_~'_._~_,_~'-'~
(\,1)
(f'l',,+0.5,1)
x = + Q, 5
.'r
%=
+ Q. 5
(JO, 5. 26)
ili.liOtt Jiit #.llilli-"' J: , !l!f!f. iii ll1 8 Jlltl'f.'1'111 .<\\ t, RP 'Ii J1'Z
f!l!l'.ifl!l:IJ!liif<ll!'ll-J.tflli!iflil4r<i4' o o. s. 11 rnJ'.!i ~
G.(uh,R.a~)
= O,
N~{u1,R.ah,s) =
(10. 5. 27)
;11;9' , (u, ,Ra, l l!!;;i#.i"J 111 J:Xt (u ,Ra) i'J;ilili:. i!lft:li!litit OJ' ~11,\lli:jg
(D,+f, 1 - 2D;-t,,
y
+ Di-f. + Y2(Di-t.j-+1
1)
+ 4[2(~1.J -
t/J;-1.j)(D.-t. 1+1 -
I
- z<tf.i+1
+ .-1.,+1 -
1 +1
+ Di-t,,-
1)
D,_ti-1)
1.,-1 - if.i1-1.,-1)(D1+1i - D,_f.,)
- z(B;+t. 1 - 81-f, 1)(P,,;,,1
+ 2(8; .. t.
- 2D,_t,/
+ Pr--1,,+1 -
P1.r-1 -
P1.1.r1)
~ 81 ....fi1)(P1,; -P;..1.1)] = - Rllt. 1
(10. 5. 28)
452
(P;+ 1.1 -
2P 1,,
+ P;-
+ YRa6..1:(D,+t.;
N,
w[
+ r (P,.
2P,,, + P,,,-1)
D,_.f.;) + Y6..T{8,+~.i - B.---}. )q = - R,,,
Ne
2::2:B0,
1 -1, -
f.,
,D,.t,;j--
,_,, ,-1
(10. 5. 29)
N,
L:L:\ii"'JP.,i,i-+-
(1-w)f?.a 0g=-R,
(10.5.30)
-\ J=l
- 4<1,., -
1 ,;)
c};,-1,,)(8,- ir'-1 - 8,-+. 1-1)
+ .P.-1.,+1 - r/1... -cp,_\.i-1)(8,-7.1 - 8,

2</-1.,, + </J.-1.1> + Y1C<f,,1c1 - 2. . 1 + if,,1-1>
(. 1-1
Ri,.1 =Cif!,.1-1. 1 -
-1
1.;)
- YRab..x(O,~t., - 0,-t.i)
N
R,
=tu[I: t:olli+t. C0,,3,, 80.+-t.

1
.~o
1)
.. J..
1=1
N,
/'/,
.~1
_1~1
L: ~.fo,,<rf,_.
---- Cfln,)]
(10.5.31)
Pi,,
o,
PN, = O, Dt.) = Df,, DNt.; = DN++.,. (j = 1.2 , ... ,/v')
p ><l = 0 p "N = 0 D --y.1

.1
= 0 I D l-1.N
j
= 0 (i = 1 I
z ... .I'
t
(10. 5. 32)
11.T)
;!;'!', t.x ~ !/N, N ~N.~N, fi.1111111'.f<ill/ll'il1-1f fiil il'JilfA'tlt, mit'li:!11>i:~:l!U!l'tl1.

ll' JL\li !11 ltll: l'El!f ?t 31: J:i!ih'4''1l!X'tftaf , .!\ ~jj Ji~,!: Idot <Ml l!t'.lt '1'% !IP !Ii ;r; l'EJ!t
il>t i!i: fl ?t Jl liiL le tp (u,.Ra.,), ~ Jltj)!jg:fr llJ!iUl'J Ii! i/f i!i:fl:L ~/El JI! l' jj21fi.!<il!'h'~ .. it;ll.
1JJ!i ll' Jl.rf.Jitll: Wllt?t Jl.JlH~h\ '!" fL~ 'l Ilti il'JiiUFX'lll<Rii#il'J:fr X, ~JC'!' fLl!f jg u,,
t:l'E If fiil Ra liiT$~:sL. il!ii'Ht'l'f !ltllJ itli!H$ G. (Uoo Ra) t\'liE m'fi.l'l'Btil'Jt\'iiE [ii] :!It ', ilJ :;J<ll!
?t XA\Et'JW'lll'.. ffPJl':~T'1J1f!l!
J
G(u 00 Ra,Y) - 0
}
G(u 0 ,Ra,Y) ~ = 0
m(<) - I -
C!O. 5. 33)
;t 'I' ,m J Y; 1\HiE fiiJ lit ' :Ji!; 1'i' %;;t il'J I!! .:$: 1'*Ill J!t Jii; 111 l!! !11-Et'J :Ji!;~ 1' <'. ~ I il'J ifJ it; 1f !!! 1lJ
'ViG
+ Y[,>,g]
"V~H
Y[O,HJ- 0
+ YRaGI=
0 (
(10. 5. 34)
m((;,H)-"' 1 J
JiJc 1JJ11! G. (Uo.Ra n
~I. ;fij 1!11!\'l!l: 4'11! 1.1<.lltfflt"' 'muJ:ittt1f l'i1 fl PnTJ!?i't'

(g,h) ~ 8(G,H)
'Vig+ Y['l'.g]- Y[O,h]
r,' }
vih - YRagx - YGxq= r 12

m'(g,h)=
(lD. 5. 35)
453
i, - - I v?G + r[.GJ- Y[O,H] },,-', - - {\71H + YRaG,)

(lo. 5. 36)
=Iii* J11. lllJ it;IJ :::l:'Ht J11.;IJ!,o/I! J!.. 'llllll. * J11.5t 31:!111: 51 Ll1 (!'1* JI. , tf!.lit;IJ!,ili.;IJ!,.\\.4' "f FL
!II ?t 31: 1: llt ,\\\ gI Ll1 Ef1 J;ff VJ Ol w/rl!I cl o. s. 33 l Ll1 :Ji:,
:::'1>t7t Jl:Jiil *f llJ ill 'f !!ii:Sft;J\'l~, i:51~/rl'<!\J
\71D + Y[.,D]- Y[O,PJ- r,
\J~P ~ YRaD~
V1g
YO_,q = r2
+ Y[>',g]- Y[O,h]-c', J'
'V~h -YRag~
-YGlfq =
(10.5.37)
1
2
m 1 (g,h)=O
10. 5. 2. 2
7tll'.~~ ..7t:tlllltt!Ji'!
Mr'lll!&Jt JI., iElli'At Cu,,
Ra,i~bfiJJ!lr\
(10. s. 38)
+ '>~v ,Ra = Ra0 + t 2(J/2
l't 'I' e, !9 !fl! llJ It JI! "1' EIJ I"' 1iE rEJ :!It ,"a !9 J' Jlt. PP llf J!.. ' FL !II:fr 31: 1'i' J* J!Hl -!II 7t 31:1: , ill!~
U
= u,
i!J;fri:!ift;J\'1111. Xf T' ::'.'1>t7t J11.1!1!.ll[;llt-. l't 'l'l~i!J'j'f!f! ll) !itJll .!iff'llll:!l.:fr J11.i!l JilJ EfJ Jr~, ITif !il
-~~$Jll!~j(J~~-~Efl/r~
..7t:'i:l1Jttt!llJ7tf)i Jtlif~:i!i!ll u, fl<Jl:J<ttlli)Ett ,;!j!,ijl;J:hu- J,ftillJ u,. Jf1'>\(JO.
s. 20)'1!'!\J
(10.
s. 39)
(10. 5. 40)
E~iJr1
~
Gu(u,,,Ra,Y)u1 = O
(IQ, 5. 41)
e'fJ G, Cu,, Ra, Y>Efi l'ltPl'1iEli a, Ef1 '\!\\ -li:;!l'JiErEJI;, ITTU1'

G.~ = 1.1 0 E~
(10. 5. 42)
(10. 5. 13)
P!i \;{:If Xt/Ji ff Efj '\!\\-ft !l'liE 11! a, ff ,)j;~lfll R,(a,) <O, m~ lli~!ll;!J!,l:J<ttfii)E El), Ill rlij !Ii! J.~ it'i!ll
EfJ fii)Ett, .R \lilif)i'. G, EfJ '\!\\ -il;!l'1iEfi. J1; W-1: , Ill !\J tE f!J Elf'] J! EfJ "'1 Ii 'I' E !\J Eif tfX~ ill
!'!! '". 'fJ IEEIJXr Ill !11l!il1'$' l!i l!Ht;ll: G. fl<J lll.~1iEil! q, R 11! R,(o) <o ~p llj ',!l; ~' q IE T r\111
lilJ '
G,< - al!
(JO. 5. 44)
fll.:li!:;J\' !111 G. P!i'fi l1'J !!' liEliit JI: :l::k:X , fltffl JJVll !il-1+ J<lJ it'i!!Ht:Ett Ef1 Jt'!if #Hlli. ill!it !Ill T ,
lB G. j(J A,* A El) Mff ll'1iE {!El) 'P; lli!:!i/ j(J :fit, ITTr/ .\j< Ll1 Ji![~ B ill l!i :ff~1iE{i [fJ !llj!JI 1JT' 1, 11;
'I' '8- (A - n-' (A+ I). il.l'F R Jll!ltli'. ll !llill Jll::Xl"'1iEill np ilT. iii Jll:{i ilf fl/Jll 1il'/r~Jl'1t';;jt
11!-. iti~ ?i!'l'lil"" ., ::tr!!< ill li!i'J!l'.l!<;!J!,if :tlit-"~~11'l 'llll$1'1 :11 r. r:li!:1' sr ~ r". "" v ~
l!J; :kilt. r' 1r Mi 1t1-1-i'E ili, ~P !li:ll>:k!il'iiEili a~., ~!lf>itJ;at. illii't>ltill'

(A - I)!;'"' ~ (A + [)I;
io. 5. 3
~tW~!l&Jt5.}'l/i
(JO. 5. 45)
ffl l::i:tr11<xt1l:illi tt r- 1 tllif' !'J Ji';-1-iit ,\\\ lYll' ~ ag. Jl!;J&~;IRJ !'J f!'J lli !!!'. .1~11!>!11 !1!
ll\ :/! ~' l'1 lll'll! 1o. s ?Jim tit ~*llJ VJ :it ili , !il:'i' f!'J*!!!i ll!'.J.il:k. rti; l'l'lilil"11'i'l'.B'Jitli' ililll!JIE~
:k .;1$ii;\TJ.!l'ii?:ili 4<'. VJT!'J!li!l<!!*ffli'!*!lli!!!'. 16x16 it>!'!'J. IP N.~ N,~ 17,
7t l't la l!I J'J T it !; ?t JI. !Ii l!I * Ill T jl!j 1- '!'< UE :!It , -1' !! .!c ~~ ~ 9' .\\\ !'J i!il!!!'. ffi '!!: OG
[=OJ ,Z= 0. 5)!1'.. O(x= - 0. 5 ,z=O); 331-'~Sfl.:hlJ Nusselt M': Nu, 1.Jl"JJ
Nu
~ I'~ ... it!dz I

1
'
...
.l
dx
(1
o. 5. 46)
IP4 Y.t.'il!i!ll &-Ru J;'i. Nw-Ra '!'<iiL xt Ra it11:l<IJ 400. '!'< 10. 7 !if illef l'lxtilli!li:'i\ (m ,nlT
rtl;!Ji!lilil"1J fl!'J <tli' ili ."Ji11!1't!ti'Ett?t !Ir!'!! ;ili!'J It'&, Jit!'!!ii?:ili tit 'i\ ( 1o. 4. 29 l !IS ill
ti
JO,
6 '1'ioJl!l!lill!lllf:ili9llll l 1' Ra, Bl{I
;l< 10. 7 "1'1'ioJl!:(m,,1llf:ili9lihli'1-lillfUlll
ilili~Ra~
l'i l'l ll! !!l
:jt~(m,n)
l!l li:{l[
ltR{l[
10Xl0
39. 154
( 1, 1)
39.478
39.352
l6X16
39, 352
(2. 11
61. 685
61. 133
20X20
39.398
(3' 1)
109. 66
2SX25
3!1. 427
(2 .2)
157' [11
l!lli:{l[
39, 478(4Jil)
(4,1)
178.27
107.09
155.89
170.29
00 1o. 8 !!; ili r~ 1 , Ra ]!['11 100 !'J 7t Y.!/il!I. 00 1o. 8 9' :Y;;J!:fU JJ!:!!\4 filtl'll!if.11!.)i.1 :f1l 'I'll!.
)i.!(J<Jjt)t. tltOO 10. 8 :itili 1iE Ra~39. 352 ifU 61. 133 9'.l:illl'1!!'J'IJJ!l\)}JI., IS-?IJ!!l.?}Jldl::f
lf!.)'E fl'J i!!=!I\ ?t JI.ill "11 ;.Iii. Di(* :f lf!.i'E fl'JxtlJitl!!il: <2.1 ll'iitJglf!.)'E !'J , VP ll!llJ ltlli ~!'11'1'
0. 4
j[{i'[~li=!!l.Jt JI. lil Fc Ell 15!' ii\ R lTI1 IJ!'!ll'0- :!<:
0. 3
tt.i'E. r ~ 1,R, ~ 1oo et Cf l1'J Xtl\ltl!!il: R'J*1!'!!00
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o
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l!I. ff Ra~61. 133 :fU 107. 09.iPW:009'.\\\ B ifU

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O
20 40
<i-0
80
100
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C:ll!!AAl?t :t l:R'J =lll?t JI..?! !!Isl: ( 3, l) ff.\\\ ,,
!1110.8 Y=I,Ral!JIOOtttJ;t-:J.f.e~
ill l!! ?t JI. lil Fo' Di( Jl';f 11!.>E {i'J !!!it'll' J'J 11!.)i.1 8'J '
ltli'liH!1'1Jff Ra-155. 89 9:1:<!'.1Htl11lii?:ili::!J 16"') ,iPOO 10.10'I'."D1'i ..... 1'lil:!li;>!:(2,2J8'J
'IJJ!l\0- JI. d!!Jit?t )tRJl!'.Jg')!! Ji !)' e~ O!'J 7K 'fi11!llt.g. JTI1.;r1''1J. 00 9' iii' D, :!! Ei3 .\\\ D 5Iili R'1
WJ!l\?t Y.?t:!tl::!'J=:!!l.Jt JI.,\\\, elf Jl.tlt?})t."J!l!il: (3, Dff .\\\" 9'.l:F'tfl'J =!1\7' Y.7t)t c,c, fll
0. 3
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"-+=.:.:l=:::.::I A
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0_6
0.4
0,2
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0.8
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I
Y= l tRr.1= 100 9<f'ptJlQ9~flillil
10
456
J1cJi'-Jli <f'!>t;;,
----------------------
n a] ~ililli'. R.> 100 Jti:f''E al m!&7tY..ll ai tt ilii'l Iil'!lill =1&7t xJ;i *llID te ?Ji<f ill=!&
7l'X (IP flJ =!&7t Y.. 7l' ~.t illilf ..0 ii)<* iii! ili
r~ l ,R. ~IJ 400 lt:l!liili ill Nu '111M Ra ttJl::ffi illl!l<frlJOO 1o. 11 ?Jim' J;'.!ll 9' 1Jfl'i'ili
ll1 1o. 1o 9' ill .11.ltl X1 EL flJ 00 1o. 11 !1'1lJiit:l!l!!l!!'i ili il-1'7l' XJ!.\ ifil 7l' .JOIH!!.
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50
100
!50
200
250
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Ill. 10. 11 Y= 1,Ra :l.f!J 400 Ir:! Nu-R.;,i ill!i

Riley, Winters ( 1989) fl/~ 1f fll*.Jt: 1J~1ilf '!JE:Ul;k ~j} ;L rn:J Ii, Weinitschke, Nandaku1nar,
Ill 10.10
Y=1,.Ra JI) 400 MJ;f- l.~:tf.1
Sank" (1990 )ifjl Ryland, Nandaknmor (1992 !ti! !11/ li!f '1U1:!<i~ill fill lli!,
10. 5. 4
tl~lli
VJ .t ~; T Ill 'lit iii lt:l!li:IJ11N'1!i'i:X1i>1Utl 7l' JI.. 1lJ I!.( xt!l!Jlll ill l!I!1tiilllnr1T7l' Iii. IP lll!mifl
jjj- ff< 7l' J1. /latl: i>1l "1 00 jg! filillt l'iil Bl~ ltii II! ii!iii i&nrlt;lf :!Jlt fl! J;;@Jti: 1'1l 1lJ I~ it:ll' ill 1' 1t
If< i!i 8'J !;\
*.
lf f\:'i!l';liJ!ll ll!illl l!t!! B 3J<ill T -JJijtJ fi'J!fflli!;I Ji<. Sutton ( 1970) $!'. .!fllill'i'Eiii3:1' [\i]
l!!l 1 Riley' Win to" (1989) X1 Jtj1J'-zy IP T 7l' Iii' llH1994) t!!M :II: /ili rt r ~ 1 8'J mr JI. jj!t J1i fl: T
Hit:,
M iE :!Jlf, t!tll!f 13: 1't, 't\'HJ;t;Y,W,,\':\ 1\111'EJ<illi ti: f ifl . x llitlll f Iii' fi;J <I,, lilt lliti: ~Ll 'll: [ii) .t.
mU:trl'i[ClO. <. 10)-00. 4.12)6'"$;
~$ -+
fJ
---
Ra
(10.5.47)
(10. 5. 48)
~0.0,~o.
~0,0~ J,O,
i!lf,'fJLjjj(lO. 4.14J1lJ'j'!.(Ej'Jl!;
1'fx~o,J,fzl<l!ti:
?t~rjtz~O,J,lxl <!!ti: J
(10. 5. 49)
10.5 bli.il;)-5(.
457
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1~=0.
8,,=I-z
(10. 5. 50)
(10. 5. 51)
+ lil./J1 + e;i;p, + ...

fJ = l
z + e81 + e28i + '"
Ra = Ra,. + ER + e2 R +
t/J = 0
(10. 5. 5Z)
JI 9' ' J!t;J, llitt. 1lf .t'i\: ft)-.< I 0. 5. 4 7) fll ll 0. 5. 48) 'r..;,#:!!l!Fw PJjjj inrf clti!li!tiPJ:lrl'il '
;,] [;'] ,i=I.z, ...
L(Ra,)l.""'
0,
(10.5.53)
g,
'V.
!,(Ra,)=
(10. 5. 54)
_ j!_
ilx
Cl0.5.S5)
(10. 5. 56)
(10. 5. 57)
l't9'
*i!li!i:
(10. 5. 58)
~j 1'!l
a l!i ;;1i l'f. ;ir. i'f J'J

,
o,illJ,
h
~ o,
.~o,e,~o,
Ell lrl!H Io.
lx
lzl < 1 Mo }
0,1,
{Ez~o.1,
(10.
s. 59)
lxl<l~
5. 53 )fp (1 o. 5. 55 I , ilf I'.( ;f( 14-!!li!ti!:l il'Jfl'I J.1

11(.r,y) = Csin(mirx)sin(nirz) }
81 (x,y) = Dcos(m1!'.r)sin(nirz)
l't9' ,m ,n JI 4''*11'1 iE #:tt .c ,D nie'\<1/i!E f

[
(m'
+ n')n
m
(10. 5. 60)
tt. illt.lli JE I'.( T!i<tt:it Vz :lrl'il

mRa,
(rn 2
+ rl)lr
][CJ~
D
(10. 5. 61)
{.t'i\: 9' , !!\!!! C, D 1if ie'\<fl'I, ,g,,~ .l\'ll:ll! '4' l!irf '1J 'il:;IJ:i\!'. Ell j{ Cl 0. 5. 5 J) "I Jal , if<fr'1J 'i\qj/j
')I; ::\!' , MJ .l\ n c, v <e
l'1! i>l':=i!l J l::l!i iltiJ:lfl'I, Ell T L (Ra,) l'.E fiiJ :It (~, &, ) ' '!:! llUJ'l<f ;j!l li!J il'J)I! 1!$!ii!IJ , .El. Ell i!li!i:fi:i B Jal, 12: Mli'l l!i ff. fll ~T:i\!' ill, fl;J J1J g 1fJI T L <Ra, I" 5! r<Jl!i <J,, g,)' t.lli O! F.edholm
ilHt ;f i!ll>l':i1!=i!l'1{1:l if.( .tl!i fi'I, fj[Ji F"dholm ,fd'f, (j,,g.) 1 1!if1' fi;J JI (y; , y;) 1 JE.Jt, JI
'*' .
458
L"
CRaJ[l'I]~ O
(10. 5. 62)
ift tlJ. '1\'. 'I' L. (Ra, )Jir L(Ra,) f1'J f'i'~Jl:;/'L 'f J1~flJJjtill
<f'l(x,y) = sin(m;rx)sin(nrrz)
<fZ(.r,y) = -
f:f:
}
(10. 5. 63)
(m~"':"; 2 )trcos(mir.r)sin(ntr.t)
Crfif;
+ \b1g,)dxdz =
(JO. 5. 64)
<E-i&Jli111!1'1HLZ:!ii, Ell '1\'. C!O. 5. 56J Ji) VJJltjlj

/ 2
{
= DR 1mmin(mtr.r)sin(n7rz)
g1 = -
(10. 5. 65)
DCmn11' 2sin(m1rx)cos(n:rz)
:\if:r\:(10. 5. 63)>flJ(JO. 5. 65lftA'i\'.(JO. 5. 64)i.'ljj'l!\:)t!ll<Jil)jlf,!f

R1
(10. 5. 66)
"1Jlll R,~o li)ilt-il'Jltlll=i&Jlifi:lfi'J!l'I ~.o, 11

~(x,z) = Esin(mtr.r)siri(nl'!'z)
8i(x,z) = Fcos(ml'l"x)sin(n11:z) i
m~'sin(2nrr2)
(10. 5. 67)
:\if J::'ittll u o. s. 60 !t\'.A Clo. 5. 57)fl!.

f1(x,z) =DR 2mrrsin(mir.;r:)sin(nn-z)
g 1 (x ,z) = - DEmn1l'tcos(n.7rz)sin(n7rz)
- C'/<'mnlFcos{ntrz)sin(nm')
-l
(10. 5. 68)
OC1m 2 ir1cos(mirx)sin{n;rz)cos(2nxz)
:\if J:'i\'.fO Cl O. 5. 63 l-il!!f': A (1 o. 5. 64 l J.!tfjf)<:)t. lil!R _ C2 m~Ra,

i-smi+ni
(10. 5. 69)
Ell '1\'. o o. s. oo >, ~ fflli) N ~I Jl! '"" l>'J ~II 19

a=('
(JO. 5. 70)
Eil3'\C10. 5. SZJl>'Jll\ 3 3'\flli't;(lo. 5. 69Jli)lt(Jjtf,!f

(10. 5. 71)
(10. 5. 72)
=0,&=1-z
(JO. 5. 73)
10. 6
11l
lit
459
+ n') (Ra if= [ 8(m'

m 2R.a,
0 = 1 - ~ T (m i
R~)
Ju'sin(mir.r)sin(nnz)
+ n2) (Ra +m tr)1r

, [{j(,n~
'R
m- a,
Ra,)
+ "'
]11,cos(mrr.r)sin(nll'z) +
(10.5.74)
l'l:ll: (! o. 5. 51 J!lt\EMl!tllllt <m ,n lnJ :)l'. te-1 Ra, C!m 11! 1O. 7 <!' l!lllt11D, Iii\ Fw if Jf)'. -1'fll::I::
'f i* Ra, ll'J Ra (I![, Eli 5'\: (! o. 5. 74 1iP'J:)l'. ti1 Jt Ra 11! Tli'1ilt!l<m fU 'i!'il!!:I< m.
l'i'llf'* te tn ru~~no1'ill!I!, iiJl!l 'i'EJ'\:Oo. s. 74J <P!ltte ll!=JJ!, 1'1 T ltit JLfiif$~ r M1t
>'. ll'J Iii>~, Riley, Win tee;(! 989 l ;(E;ftjj Ill W"11*Htll4f ~ilii Itl!l\illl
r-v12[1+ ~e'(Y-/2)+ .. ]
(JO. 5. 75)
!idlij{/tl'U I~ l'Pl!!;ftjJtt 1:J Y li'L~,;;; ill!!'<.
1o. 6
lie It
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:!tllllJI; 20 1l!:!c :iJ !it 71 :ii! !1!1' '1 MH4'l'itlii<<I' illl 1' I:ktl'J 'Ji'f. J:\ 1fllitiiili'1 l!i o~,
10. 6. 1
51
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1'E. lI i!!IJ11!'l', ' toi'J':. it',-, lii:!'Z If\ lit. fllll: l"I !.'l lit il!'ilH9!llt\lll1f1!!f~lll$<,
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T iil:'ll\tal1\ Pli ij Iml iJ'1 xtiili: !ii!liilf'Jfilii:k l!'J !t'i~i'il'il' R 'ft ( 1997) 1'11 fl' ft' Ill<~ (1997) f'J)jj 1'r
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N"'"It fi, Eli fi@: tt:l!:11' WNu"elt fi !ii!Bt lliJ ilJ J\' it i!1J !!!!IP if.llliJ JJi'l'i\l!'I , n) "1 ~~ l!liiiiJJ !ll,/11 Jlj
!lil lEJ!:i!! ltl!lii'J. i!! 1f0;/1"' 011liJ lli!'il 1!'11' IE 1P 11' n):!J;, IB:!ll liJ Hl' ~~lllln!ll l!'I {E Xtiilf.
~J llli 9' nJ "1 !ll,iillfltl3t Nu l!'J
i!I! !:!<, '1f i!'IV11:1'1ti:!<!ll,~Jk}J f!l ill!!\\. ~U ~ BJl l!1 iJIJJ!:/IJ Jtlltt il'J ,
'1fi!'lmL fl' :1f; Ii! mu l!'I ill iill. wu 11' Jl iiiiill!il.&i!!ltlJIB a<.
2) "'!IPiJ$!11 jg T li'l:iifiL>IE1&;1!11tWJ $ llJillJlll!Tjg~Jll.'.IEilJi~I~ Jz:~U:ff*, 1iJ"1~~
flf 'I B'J rJJl!' \~, '1f i1f <Jcjg f (I) , 'E il'J Fourier 'i'jj; :'lg F (w) , i:iJ *ill;!;
**
l~(w)
IJi'(w)
1~
(10. 6, 1)
tE f'< fl] ?liliill'!ilJ lliJ llli 9' , iii 'l" 1iJ "1 J;; Nu (t), l!l ffil*fBtliiJ IJJl!l l!'I fP t11i! Fourier 'i'jj; IP 11!.r}J
xt.~ $1!'1 '!\ill! Ill IP .rJJ $ illl!'I ,
3)
El :l<i!IJ!lil91& i!,l iii <Jc f (t J ilJ Bii'~ 'f J:;{li :'fg<f>
"'!ill
= J~~,
"1
<(t) - /
'[
T ~ f<t>dt
(10. 6. 2)
!i!'!R 111 'l" xtBtliJ 'f J:;fll:l!'J flii/11!, ITT'! m<r 1 il'J EBc111l!i itt cc cJ Xi?J<.J.1
C(r) =
1~!:1:;,, .j. f' ~(t)~(t + r)dt
(JO. 6. 3)
Jt T 1fff ~1 ili iJIJ <itn/IJ Jll iitiill >.c< cl 1' rnr ' '11' it!ll. !ii! ' fP /IJ M llll, ffil.M Tiit ltlJ;;iilJ RP 4F *II*
ilJ !if'l" 1lil C <'J ! !i!i ' X!I it ll:ifot , i11 t!Jl'1f -1'" 1lr fi Ii! B ,
lilf Ji'.1~N!ire a< ilJ El ii'; l'Erl'f 1111!!1'l! e11'cJttt!l( .1'!J !ll l!i!rti il'J1f mm% "'11''!!' llt!Ja l!l !'i'JliiJ,
1o. 6. 2 !llHB IX l'R pg llll llii l'3 5-l ti:\ l!l! fQI 9 ~ lY: !! Ii It
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(10. 6, 4)
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1'1l liil "
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==
====.s===- -- .ffil.;f(li'J
- -- --------- --- --
---~-
'
Iii'. 7, 2 !II
.Ii 7. l Ill
7. 4 x-t~~I!! Ii! 8'1 '11 ;('.;J'E :<kll&'ll: "'If!"( f1':fl1Jj(J1!'1i'ii\ll& '
al
<'iil'J 1!1 p, - pi" u. >i'J cl<* 'ii: ,#Ill iE "I: w:fn 7./< fl'J J'l-ilil l!(jJ ;.\/ ', ii!:il't lfJ ltlill ll!1"14'
Til'illl'lil?t!9 p,-pi"'f<li<tt.
bl <'i~i ill!!.( T ii\~tl:!!i
Sw = 0. 35,
.:l,,o
p,
1. 25 X 10 5Pa;
24 X 10- 1N/rn,
IYwg"""
p,. = 1040kg/m;,
72 X 10- 3N/m
Po= 800kg/nll
;;:itl'l: l'E e w7.1< 'I' oo z: J: llll "' 8'J illi1t

7. 5 ii! J'E#J 1J ft lilt 9' 'If il'ifi' T' i"1 El'J 0lE #:, :ll'i !l!' , 7' ,, lE 51. t\I Pl! ti1 <!>- K p/,,, $ llf 'b '!'f
jJ ' ;;: iiE !II jl!j f'i'!ll ti' :fr l'I- 00 J: ll' Pl! -tt.I\ ;lltlliJ l!\li 8'J '
7. 6 ii! 'If 1"!1!' ;lg L, lfii!i. 'I' ;Ji K, l'L ~It 1' El'JJ!< 'fllN' !9 :ll'i It,, .!!!:4' r, El'J iii ?Jf i!!l'lil, 1'E
t- o a1trJ. J'E x- o ~ ;:l.!tn x - L -;:i.!:frM!Jllie Ll 7}c:fn li!i El'J :k f!:ff, !till' iiiilli il!'. illi tlHi:l ttllb?l'
~lj jg H. if!l H ' i!liE!Jll lt.!l;:li: ~Iii 1!i>:<i:El'J , \i\:>Jt7)(;1i;1\:!Jll1!1'jlj!li'J>tt 9'illiEJTlf ll!i Bt fi) t,
7, 7 ii! l!llJJl'i<f J'l-Jl!!li! 9' C.<f-P fr- .11!!/:i! &!f'f'~:fr~lj Jg R 'Ill r,. 7ritl.!li'- & ttflli 9'f%1""'
Jli:fr~rJ J9 p, 'Ill p., 1'E ,_ o attrJ .Jt jlj 9'1t7t!Jll 1!1', !Jll'lf.!l;:li:~l'51'tt. El'J , 1111El'J1111!!: " Jl;JJ<i\'i
Jt . El'J jlljfi'i, ii!:>J<!Jll Jll'1J l!li, 7)(Jf jjij fl'l ll c- Ct) - R/2 at lifi!I/ il'J i!t frlj,
7. 81~1"~11!'. h- 20m,'.mlt W-1 OOm, 'fL~ll - 0.
2 e<J-!fl:il!ill!.1"1:::\1 864m' Id <li!i!i!
Jrd'I' i .Jc,.) iif"ey JJt

f
.!!...s'
3
+ !!_s
2
+cs+ d
J'l;9'" Jl;J!!l'lilil!'. s.. a,b,c,d J<!'ilttl'.,iA>lt!ff Buckley-Leverntt /rfi.~iEJ~;ffJI\ 60 :R:fn
180
:RBfltY:fnil!'. ,.-o. 5 :fn o. 3 fli'IJfJ'EEl'JlftllL J'l;1JJ!rill!1Jt)J-~lj)lj x(,,~o. SJiftl x(,.-o. 3l'i<iR.

1. 9 iJ!:liE 'JI ~1'f'f illf ~ rliJ 0lE 111'!!!'1 Ll r cl<*:<!:,
'I
'I
+ V(t) df(s)
r '"'" = r .,al
trhi/i
:;l;9' 'v (t) llli>lt fi'i>ltl[ El'J 11,f'f;f;:!P,'

7. 10 jj(:jj'- .li#. it l".I !/ 4 El'J .rI/r!fl'Jt!!J>f 13'.J!I, JI!! ll! );/: 30m, itl 1" 70m, ~ 0. 2, :JRJI Jj( ttg
:fn !l!' ''" - O. 25, !J<%1111 lt!!:fn Jt ' - 0. 18 Cili_, - 0. 57), J'E7j(JJ 1111111'% 9' , K~J - 0. 20/1 o-
0. 020pm'/mPa ,,K,,,/f.'w=lem'/mPa ,,Ji!'.;!cffi/!;l\-Ap_,=5MPa, li!#!lt:l:Q=48m 3/d,,.

=0.28.
illl!!l'l'!Jl'i,li.<'!#'111/4 iE'll'lfil!!K o. 7071m(X1illfe.'<K L Oml.Jf!I' o. 3m,=o. 36,

ffl~JiJlipt.;.:ft
:Qi;
s,,.=O, 05,s,o=O. 35(As'',=O, 60),
OlriJ!itill!IRJi!'.:k 1Ji 11* t:.p_, = 0. 5MPa, ii\l!k~ IJj , a) ill l!!l .P!lt ti< :O!:!ll ii'J K.-1 /'o 1'll K-1
..1 b) Olri!!lt1!1J!'IJi!'.:kEli~ "Pm= 0. SMP l!!lll~JHili':li Qm =? icl ' ,1,= 1,d) l!tl!!l<l>Jl<fi'J
tll l<ii11!!"1l !I' Cs,,).=?
8. 1 ii:
w'ti: (8. z. 21) xt In [(I,+"')! i:.t ]JjC:: !Jr"' '!'!!Iii ll' 1110 'ti: (8. 2. 26) '
8. 2 })!:.ffi 1J ff t\l ~ ~ raJ ~~Bf fl~ P10 (rn ,s) = Pov(rn s) ' Q~ (s) J't 9J
-
PoDCrn,s)
K,(r,./sD,(>))
"
lJm e _"QI X')cl r
,J;D;
(s).Ki C,;;o;(;;) '<\:o(s) = Q~
0
E.?in fGD(rn,s)ff0lfiJ!itfjf!~
PonCrn ,tn) =
.R,I~ [A 1 (u )e -di t)'p

a
+ Ai (u)e -~i'"liD ]F (r0 , u )du
itffl ~:f9. 05:!:;.i}t P1o<ro, tD)"

8 3 X1'f J.\'. fl.Jr !!t~ :tltill*!ik 4e I! ;t !!;!It ffllfi , ii\ili.i:t;l\'.iff llJ ll!'" 'i! IHJ 1ili* .P 7t:l:!i'l IE
fJ p., (.,) M. ilif 1' IJj lll!!t7tl:llll !EfJ::!Jlli! ( 8. 2. 65) 'f' f (s) li'J 1'it>\,
s. 4 M'f II! fl Jr Ill 1!11 tt t'C 1i!i l'i'tk ~-!!.~!!;!It fll'lf!. , ii: ili.i:t >J<: !ff llJ lll f(; 'tr r~ 1ili c\\I 9' 7t :I: !fl!
!EfJ fa,., (s) , M. f((j 14 llJ 'll!lltlli:IJ .'t:lltll'J'll' !!!! (8. 2. 65 l 'f (l'J f (s J1'itl't,
s. s ii: w1l'1"! <8. 3. D-<8. 3. 5l llJ :lt, Wllllllli<!' llJ tt'l'!'ll'llil cs. 3. 1sl i'll cs. 3. 11i
8. 6 ii\ WJr@ (8. 3. 38)- (8. 3. 43) IJj :lt , JI; ff Web" 'l!:l!i\, Fof'Ftr '"'it'll!. M. ilj il't IJj Jlltllt
'it'l\!Jiiii'l'!p ,,<;= 1. Zl il'J li'.iff 1511!i. 'If ~t'l!:l!l!Jll11f.1' 151 l!li!!ffN~

8. 1 xtrll! s. s. 3 ll'9'1l:!l:!Hl!filll!!, ii\N~ ~ r JLl'i'fllf l11!1i!i,
a) ll! fiij 7t;IJ!! Vii 1b) II! JL:fr Ill ic) ~ !lt ,
8. 8 ~~Tift f(;'i' ~'If !'!illLfJiff 'fi:(8. 3, 137), MiE w= 10-'.Cne"= 1, i.-'' = 4 K 10''. ill:
!!l~f!i'&!'ICJl:llJ Y=l 1'1J Y=O. 6 i!'if'flii!Jl'ii'J p.n<tnl-tn/Cn
il!ife.'l.
8. 9 Koch $ 7l'i!iilll!!I. M.itl. K f.J L ii'J ~itl.C:ill if' f.J!li!i 'If. Ji'!-i;j;jl\lj~Jllriif C:ill lfijj}
l!!:O:~j}, fll i!'iJi!lli'Ji!'i l!t'f' #1 , ilif l\if .P [B]-l!t!ftblt!l<ifl ;!; 60'1':Jlt ;!; L/3 ii'J !Ii~, <J:Jijj r>J jf,
ll!= IX.Ill! f'Fl'Pijj.llJ'l!tJ:(; ;!; L/3 ii'J fe.'ll!t" ~7} , i!iHli J!llli!l!:iel!t ;i; i;IJ , iltl >!if 9' lliJ - l!ttrllt lie ill ;!;
60' li'J 'II j:(; 111 J:.'l, ~o Jltll!::!!: '.U:!ll!ftif1J $(! n lX.. ilt'iJ 11115-lX.fe.'ll!ti"-'I'! N i'll 4'>1"-li!Ol!ti': !I' fl'; JI!
if,ft>)<:j}!fl~
D,
s. 10 Meng" ll!!!lll1*7l'lf!.mll'l. M.iil 1'; L ii'J illtfL1l'1*J!ll '!', J(!-l;j;jl\lf'F'#fll}l!!-Jt;;;"'.

7J'!l!Jlit 27 1"-1) :fL Ji ti< d?!>l'J*C. "1l iliiC.1/J:4f 7 1"- tJ:fL::IJ ii:, !!ff1J :fLJf J;l>f!'; 1"-~ N = 20. !I!=
lX. !ll!fli *illl T 8'J 1J, :fL1l'ii: '1' "&-1"-JiJl l:! !ll!f'Fi:t lli!, J!i ?E: n lX. , ilt'i llJ 15-lX. illl "'11J' ft Jr1*1"'I'! N l'il !ft 1': s fl'; Jl!if, ft ;;j( j}!jl '!'! D,
479
9. I i.lt 1e 4 iii il[ U: i'Pl'lii:lrl!i! 'J''Ef Jilt
r 1sh-'( - ~ ~;,)
=
i>tJ1J 'f Jc1J "1 ""'If rn.ml!!! -llB ;Jl;jj; il[ i!A *:trill
9. 2 i.lt 1F 4 llFAI' ii< !'Pi'lii:lrill llJ'Ef Jilt
~+
10. l !Ii JR! Ji! 1O. 2. 2 111' IJ!ttit.li! tt7ttli'::lfli;, Xt'f' J: J11iT lf!:J'i ::Ii Of l!l'Jkfll !ii!;!\ fl'J Ji.!J'I.
#rf'i', i>!::ijt;l;ll!i J'l. lil!:fiJ~ Ra,~ 12,

JO, 2 J!l.~Ji! Io. 2. 2 1lp IJ!ttlili!tt?l'tlf1rli;, Jt'f' J:J11(fll r Jii;J'j Of l!l'Jk, J: J11(!&!;!1 Tiii:
ill'tl! fl'Jlt!J'l.#ri'f. ;.!;:;J<;Jl;rfli l'Plll*1J'llC /4 ;fll rlli J'!. l!I:~ b'

10. 3 !tf '.l!:::IJ 2a, /ili:YJ H ll!Jl>iltlfii $;i[,Jr illt 18:~, .tJ11iill'tl!:Ja To- "f IJ\;"Ji'W,:YJ T, > T,,
il'iJi.! jJJj !l!i !ii !;!I , ilii :/! z ri;J ili::iil! v. ~ 11!' 'lie iii: ill:$ ;ii, Jr gt i>tl!!il: 'i!lt !!I!: ij! ll!!# fii lll!tt !i.ll! f. tlT
10. 4 !Ii .'ill Ji! Io. 5. 4 ll' !ll iil fl'J Ill iilJ Iii, !t f 11: iili It r ~ 2 fl'J 1il' Jfi, ;.t :;}( ti! ~ f\;l 'f ;J:
o o. 5. 73) fll o o. 5. 14) 'l!!m fl'J fll oB<J "li!l!ill: !;!\ 111xtritiii:ij! ,i: <2. Dtrl'JJ> it:ll' tli -1-*
f /4 8'J Jlll'l'J 'i!lt TB'! !lt i1t 00 fll IfW. liJ! 00
Io. 5 !t T' 1e 'till 'lilil! il[ U: .it: lllill'Ufi 'fill lfii #: i'l it ;i[,Jr gt 8'! trl'Jfi , ill:lil:fil< llil !JU!;!\ fiiJ Ii!! !ii'- ill Jt
iii: iii: ;;lJ !'! 'i!lt!!I!: ij! ll!!
10. 6 xtr 4ili ili: < .it:lillill! %1! llii < ri $ Jt1i' lilt!'! tr\'%. i>tiitlll: llil JJa311fiill!!!-1!'111xrili:1>
Darcy il[ ii1J fl'J 'It l!l!:il!ll!!.
Al
i:llillflll!Hr Klkl:fil E(k)

m--:'l[<l'li~i'!l?t K (k 1to m:::: lt;l'li Ull m?t E<k1?t ~u :<t 11. ::11
K(k)
E(k) =
f'.
</ (1 -
~~1 ~ k ;;:; =I~ ::;;i..=~~;~y~2~
J: Ji1 =-k:~8 dx = J~
kisin~sbdsb
./1 -
(Al. 2)
l:il:'i' k ft-::IJ!,q7}!1Vl!!. )("" k' ~ /T=P!ll<::l!IQ?t!IV11til. jf :<t ;!(

K 1 (k) = K(k'),
E' (k) ~ E(k' l,
K'(l!) = K(k)
E' (k' l
E(k)
CAL 3)
(AL 4)
:ittt'I<' iiTl!tfiJ 1!:$111 <'ll:'l'.f llltli'.'i !!!!II ',,,; ~!ttlf tfj li!t ! 1979) 'lll 1322 -1323
])(,
(A2. 1l
E'i(z) = Y + ln(- z)
""
+ 2.::
z1:
ktk
e: 1E !lt *'l"lfll co ,Mi llJ , '!" mri "'ill llHli , il: "' ,r ~ o. s1121 s !II< ::11:m11t'l1c
;~1
(A2. 2)
Mr 'It t ::11 '!k
tt x li'Jll!Jl",1fj
<A2. 3)
=Y+ln.'l'.'+
,-1
.
--du,(O<x<c'c')
f
'
EiC-
x) _,,. O,
(A2.4)
M3
:~
_,..
oo
<A2. SJ
(.i\2. r;)
l!J x<O. 05 1 O. OJ ,Jjj r+lnx ilil\:.l'i!tff- Ei(-x), ;l;ilt!i!7l-~U.'lf 2. ,[ %1' o. 2%, 1111'!\7)-oo
ttli'J 'ill: 'I<. 'f l!tlllJ tt'l'.f 111 Jll 1319-1320 JJL
481
A3 i!!'l.f "1 lit C!!01!$1JHl- led (, l

iii *1 li!i ~ ( !11:111 $ !!l:lt Jed (z) iii X jg
'f'
erf(z) = - ' - e-" du=
fi
,/1t
I ,. ,. " + "'
z- 1!3
(jzj
erf (.:r -
2
O) =- - -x, erf (,r -
215
3J7
<=l
(AJ. !l
CA3. 2)
du
<A3. 31
c..:)) =
Fi'
' f '
erfc(z) = 1 - erf(z) = - " -
rrr .
e-~
A4 fJJJllJ"1 lit Oii! r "1 lit l

r -Pl It;E .iZ 1J
<A4. 1l
.l:.:il;:/'i itl>F'ti .lf!:::~~jj[jg?)-, r (zl;li! z l1'J 'i'l'iili!i ~, .Jl: z= -n Cn = 0, J , 2, ... ).11,;/f 1\i.l!t<\\ ,
lll@ (1'1111~1J C- !J" In 1, r -Jili ~:It B *i!;il:;/f
fr
n!n"
= l
,_,,,z(z+J) .. (z-n)
2,~ 1
r(z) = Jim
rcn + !) = n! ,rco = rczl = 1

r(,, + ~) = C2n ~.D!! ,1;;,r(
I+z
k
(rt n)
(A4. 2)
CA4. 3l
i I= rrr
(A4. 41
B 9:t*1F-flii~
B1
!f! -:!l!fll!f!.:::!I! mam"111t

!lrlT!llr:lt:trll!llJ;'tJ ''ft 91 :1'.:'F:lfll!,
d'R
di'
+ lz
dR
dz
1 - ,;2 R = 0
z.
i;l; 1-:trll!X~ 1':1!il ' ill lll1f ll'l 1'~1'.E;JtJ<:JI, 1': ill llJ; ;!) ' ll>1' $1'!-gltl 1)1 i!if !J: Blii'tt J.Czl "11 '
gltl Jil llPJ'"' 'If[ ( "'ilfil' _II Jl!j 'If[) N, (<)(;/j' (rj 'il 9' N,(z) ti1, le fl: Y, (z)) ' fl') ffli:trll! (BL
(BL
1)
!it!f!:::
1) 11'1 Ji!
!111
R(z) = ~4J,(z)
+ BJ>,',(z)
(BL 2)
;;, :f it- ;II, f]
482
'*
iJ! !I ITT iii 'I:'! J, Cz J 'Ill N. ) f1'J !!!!&JI' 'i!( 5)-~1J 1'J
("'/2)~
=('1'""'
2z ~(-l)"t;Jrcv:::.+1t+l),(largzl <1t')
1
J,(z)
CBl.3)
N,(z)
ti (. .
)' ~
= sinim coswr[ ; .
1)
r'
2i,-;-k-1I-'(~,-+-k_+_!)
- (; )-~<- l)' 2 "k1rck
v -
1))
,()17'"
~>
(BJ. 4)
'i!( '1' , r<. >!!~~El iii 'I:'!. t;;~Vlil! ,1'f

CBI. 5 J
(BJ. 6)
CB1.7)
B2 jJ lE ~ JJl !I!J1 i!!!li

ft1JT!ll5l-:lrl!t$1:1'1 ' 'frllllEJil !I !o:lr O!l<~lfl !1l !l!J;:lrl!t ! ,
(1 +~\R=O
zi,
d'R~ l.'3,R
dr
zaz
(B2.1)
i:l'. "i':lr~t,;, i!ll ' {I![ 111>1' jJlj t !:!!tt 7i:""illli, 1': Ill~ 1'I ' !ftjj!i~~ 1!1\ IE ( Jil.'.il: !II) JJl !I$ ili 'l:'!I.
(z) 'Ill ' !ft !fl= !ii; ll\ lE (lit '.l\: !ll ) Jil !I fr; Lii'i 'I:'! K, (z) 11>! ffil:l.rlllHB 2. 1) a<J ii il\li1'J
RCz) = Al,(z)
+ BK.(z)
(B2.2J
M >> -1 'Ill z>O !fl!',/, Cz)'ftl K.(z)j!J>Ji!,IE $;!&. Ill IE Jil !!>IF Lii'i :f(fJ'J;l!Ji.'i!(;<J
!,(z)
~ r ;)'~ k1rck~v+1)(
<l,(z)-/,(z)
1(,(1.'-)==~
s1nvtr
;) '.c1zl<=.largzl <ir>
(argz
I <ir,v*0,1.2,)
(B2. 3)
<B2.
4)
CB2.5!
(BZ.6)
(B2.
B3
r )( JJl !l!J1;l;ji
D T:91J! x1J1'.l!{!;1fl!ta<J~f<Pil\lim,
7)
483
(83, I)
;I; 9' n
" m Ji!: lit'1! ,' or111 ff. ;lldii El: '.It:I: '
<ilttl!'ll'~
R(r) = r
""'W(r)
(B3. 2)
(83, 3)
rill :$t"' # 1fffl' l!tfi

n)
2+m-n>O,
*mJI! ,a
'.\l':l:{!<J'.\l'~
,4'
p= 2
+ m2 -
nr
'";-
CB3. 4)
JQIJ]f1!(B3. 3)'.\l'Jit
d1\-l'.i
dp'
2+m
2
n _
(83. SJ
CB3. 61
(B3. 7)
(B3. 81
W(p") =Al,(,!$ p) +BK,(,!$ pl
141 J:>l:clll CB3. 4 )~A'1: CB3. 2 JPP1!1::1rl CB3. I) {1<JJ!!!I' ;!]
R<r,,)
,'T'rA1.(
2 " ' /+7-)]

,i..p) +BK.( Z+rn
2 .;
Z+m n
~~tll4!!,;j!fm=J.m~ >=Cl-n)/3-n
=
R(r,s) =
b) Z+m-n=O,
11
r ;[ AJ,( ~ ~rl;~) +BK,(~ ~r 3 z)

1
X1'fil\:l'l>1fll',m-n=-Z,m~::lr1li\CB3.
d'W
ctr
+ J_ dW _
rdr
[Cl - n)'
CB3. 9J
CB3.
JO)
3)ft;!J
+ 4']/4W =
(B3. llJ
~Jl!:~~~~*::1rm.~~*111;i;l!mO!J
(B3. 12)
CB3.
13)
484
(B3. 14)
a2w + .l dw - [,;+,]iv= o
dp'
(B3.15)
p'
p dp
;J; 9' .>= ( 1- n) I (n+ m ... 2), ;J;Jllfll'I ... (B3. 8) !B >\Ill fill , ~ Jll;J; 9'
ffl >\ (B3. 14 )'\\:;;\, Ji!:
FcHll
R(r,;) =
r'T[AIJln-rn-2
2 rs r"'P) +BK,( 2 rs r"';-)]
.
n-m-2
(B3. 16)
2> Tf1JI 51: IJ!~!J<1f1'i\,

1
dR
dx 2
+ [1 -
2m _ Za ldR
jd;c
+[
2 2.rip- 2
+ a2
+m
a(2m - 1)
1
-
x 2
p~,;]R = 0
<B3. 17)
!'] Jll ~ 15]' ill !It {l;l il'J 1JIZ1*111 ' y

R(x) =
:i:"
e"""[AJ,(cw;P)
BN,(a.xt)]
(BS. \8)
B4 !A!t!l1J,ll<J:tllll!lfllm
l~'l\'.lll:~~'J' cz-o Jfll;jj , jj\ '!!'11; iii 'llt1!!rnTllliili'il! !5'1: ,
1 1
1
C' :t'~r!ltll!llO 1
J,(z) ~ 2z, rc)J + 1)'
(B4, !)
1 :
(B4.2)
I ., I,
= I2~I.re+
z Iz I'
N,(z) ~- ;(
l,(z)
K,(z) ~
f'(11),
(11 (l) ;N,,(z)
~ ~lnz
n
(B4. 3)
1)'
2 r(I.'), (Ji-=!':- O)
(B4. 4a)
(B4, 4b\
BS
J~(O)
= l,J 1 CO) =
l~(O)
= 1,11 (0) = O,K~(O) = oo,K 1 (0) = oa
1,J1,'~(0)
= - =,Ni(O) = -
(B4. 5)
(B4, 6)
!A!ti~:kll<J:tlllli!fllm
x~'ll::llt ,
!M:*: c,-= >1'Jl!' m!i!<!J; ~'ll'Jlll r !lliili''l!l5'1:,

(BS. la)
1\1,(z)
~ Asin( z - ~
J,(z) ~ e'/(2;rz) 11 i
K,(z) ~ e-/(2z/'lt:)
11
;)
(BS. lb)
(B5.2)
111
CBS.21
lit
Bs
If;
485
!ll am l!l !Iii !':1-'l!<ili
Ifiz'W,
W ~ J ,N ,!
, (/3z)
d~[z'\V,(fiz)J- 1-fiz'W,_,(fiz) W'*K
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Advanced Mechanics of Fluids in Porous Media

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