Article Summary 2 Outline

Name: Presentation Date

Find an article relating to biological anthropology from a scientific peer-reviewed journal and complete the first (Original source) and second (Reflection) parts of the outline. Find a second source related to your first and complete the third part of the outline (Related source). This may be a popular review of the original source. Limited responses will not receive full credit. More detailed instructions and links to resources are posted in Canvas. This outline should be completed and turned in on the day you present to the class and it will be used for grading the assignment. Additionally, submit the summary portions only in Canvas. No late work will be accepted.

Pts. 1. Original source: .5 ____ a. Title: Genetic variation associated with euphorigenic effects of d-amphetamine is associated with diminished risk for schizophrenia and ADHD .5 ____ b. Author(s): Amy B. Hart et al .5 ____ c. Authors credentials: She works for the department of human genetics. .5 ____ d. Source: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/04/02/1318810111 5 ____ e. Summary (note that the summary length should be commensurate with the article length and should be in narrative (paragraph) format and that an in-text citation is required). This summary should identify the research topic, hypothesis, methods, results, and conclusion: This article looked into genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders such as ADHD and Schizophrenia. It hypothesized that if you were genetically predisposed to enhanced feelings of euphoria from D-amphetamine that you were less likely to have ADHD and schizophrenia. This shows how just how closely some psychiatric disorders are to genetic mutations. This was shown by identifying enrichment between SNPs associated with response to d-amphetamine and SNPs associated with psychiatric disorders. Hart, Amy et al Genetic variation associated with euphorigenic effects of d-amphetamine is associated with diminished risk for schizophrenia and ADHD http://www.pnas.org, March 5th 2014. Web. April 12,2014 <: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/04/02/1318810111> From what I understand this showed that the presence of one of these two disorders correlated to decreased response to D-amphetamine. Showing this correlation was important because it supported what they call the Dopamine Hypothesis or the idea that dopamine plays a role in schizophrenia and ADHD Hart, Amy et al Genetic variation associated with euphorigenic effects of d-amphetamine is associated with diminished risk for schizophrenia and ADHD http://www.pnas.org, March 5th 2014. Web. April 12,2014 <: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/04/02/1318810111>

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f. Critical evaluation (what makes this source credible? Why should this information be believed?): this source is credible because it came from a link that you gave us to credible sites which is good enough for me, but if you need more persuading than that you could also take into account that it was written by a dozen different people who all contributed to this article. It was also peer reviewed and edited by the website itself.

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g. Relevance to biological anthropology: It shows how we can be biologically disposed to certain things, including mental illnesses. It helps to highlight the fact that mental illness is an actual thing and not just something people make up in their mind, which is something many people still believe. h. Other disciplines touched upon: medical anthropology i. Synthesis i. In one sentence, summarize the main point of the article: the take-away message: The predisposition to enhanced effects of d-amphetamine shows direct correlation to lower susceptibility to ADHD and schizophrenia.

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2. Reflection a. Which part of this assignment was most difficult and why? The hardest part for me was understanding exactly what was going on. Overall I knew what was happening and on a high-level but when the article started to talk about SNPs and gave some sort on number that pertained to SNPs and Dopamine I started to get confused. b. Identify at least one question you have after reading the original article and explain how you could go about finding an answer: I would like to know a little more about the process they used to find this correlation, because that is what confused me most about the article and Id also like to know why it took so long to figure this out if scientists have believed this was the case for many years. I could find this information out by reading the files of the studies and information they have attached to this article on the website. c. Reflect on how the critical evaluation process impacted your opinion on the article: Reflecting on this article made me question how long they had been searching for these results or if it was something they kind of stumbled upon. To me it seemed like the article was sound and the research was well done (not that I would really be able to tell anyway) but I do want to know more of the back story and how long they had been researching this. d. How might the information in the article be useful in the future? This might be answered very broadly such as how an understanding of larger biological principles might be useful: We can use this as a precedent in the future to show how closely mental illness is related to genetic mutations. 3. Related source .5 ____ a. Title: T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions. .5 ____ b. Author(s): Jonathan Kipnis, Hagit Cohen, Michal Cardon, Yaniv Ziv and Michal Schwartz .5 ____ c. Authors credentials: they work for or are affiliated with department of neurobiology, Weizmann institute of science or Ministry of health mental health center, ben-gurion university of negev. d. Complete reference: http://www.pnas.org/content/101/21/8180.full?sid=46ef58be-93f0-40e5-b939c3f32d0ca310 3 ____ e. Summary (note that the summary length should be commensurate with the article length and should be in narrative (paragraph) format and that an in-text citation is required): The article showed that in mice mature T cells were

essential to cognitive function. They would take T cells away from the subjects and they would develop cognitive deficits and behavioral problems. Then if they added the T cells back in these problems would go away. These findings could lead to possible cures or treatments in the future by showing T cell-based vaccination, using glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1, a weak agonist of numerous self-reactive T cells), can overcome the behavioral and cognitive abnormalities that accompany neurotransmitter imbalance induced by (+)dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) or amphetamine. Kipnis, Jonathan et al t cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions http://www.pnas.org, March 31st 2014. Web. April 12,2014 <: http://www.pnas.org/content/101/21/8180.full>

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f. Critical evaluation (what makes this source credible? Why should this information be believed?): this article was published by a group of researchers and provides a long and detailed list of what exactly they did, tested and how they did, even including graphs. It was also peer reviewed and then edited and reviewed by the website. g. Relevance to chosen article: I chose this article because of the talks of curing psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia. It also briefly discussed amphetamine and how the T cells affect the subjects response to amphetamine which is related to all the amphetamine research that the previous article discussed.