Captulo

F (x, y) = C

P (x, y)

dF (x, y) =

F (x, y)dx +
F (x, y)dy = dC = 0
x
y

C

P (x, y)
F
dy
F
x
= F
= 0

dx
y
y

x, y
dy
= f (x, y)
dx

f (x, y)
F (x, y) = C



F (x, y) = C

f (x, y) F (x, y) = C
F (x, y) = C

y = Cx2

C = 1
C = 1

y
dy
y
2y
dy
= 2Cx C = 2
=2 2 x=
dx
x
dx
x
x

y 2 = Cx

y2 = x y = x

y 2 = x y = x

y 2 = Cx 2y

dy
y
dy
=C
=
dx
dx
2x

1
m1
m1


dy
2x
=
dx
y


m2 =

2xdx + ydy = 0

x2 +

y2
=K
2

y2
x2
+
=1
K
2K
a2 = K

y2
x2
+
2 = 1
a2
a 2

a, a 2

a = 2
x2 y 2
+
=1
4
8

y 2 + x2 = 2Cx

(x C)2 + (y 0)2 = C 2
C = 1 C = 2

x2 + y 2 = 2Cx 2x + 2y

dy
x2 + y 2
dy
= 2C 2x + 2y
=
dx
dx
x

y 2 x2
dy
=
dx
2xy

2xy
dy
= 2
dx
x y2

x2 +

y2
=1
C2

1 C

C = 1 C = 2

y2
dy
dy
y2
2
2
= 2xC 2y
= 2x
= C 2y
1 x2
dx
dx
1 x2

xy
dy
= 2
dx
x 1

1 x2
dy
=
dx
xy

ydy = (x1 x)dx

x2 + y 2 = 2 ln(Cx)

C = 2 . . . 5





2
dy
dx
= 1x

xy

f (x, y)

M
Vi

t = 0 y(0) = 0 v(0) = Vi

t > 0

t > 0

d
[M v(t)] = M g F
dt

M v(t) g
F

dv(t)
= M g
dt

dv(t)
= g
dt

v(t) = gt + C

v(t) = Vi gt

tmax =

Vi
g

dy(t)
= v(t) = Vi gt
dt

1
y(t) = gt2 + Vi t + K
2
K
y(0) = 0 = K
1
y(t) = gt2 + Vi t
2
M
Vi

v(t) = gt + Vi

1
y(t) = gt2 + Vi t
2

Vi = 50m/s g = 10m/s2

tmax =

Vi
g

y(tmax ) = ymax =

Vi 2
2g

Ff riccion = Bv(t) B

d
[M v(t)] = M g Bv(t)
dt

B
dv(t)
+ v(t) + g = 0
dt
M

M
dv(t) = dt
Bv(t) + M g

M
ln(Bv(t) + M g) = t + C
B
v(0) = Vi

C=

M
ln(BVi + M g)
B

Mg M t
Mg
+ Vi +
e B
v(t) =
B
B

B
Mg
M 2g
M
M
t
y(t) =
1e
t+
Vi + 2
B
B
B

VL =

Mg
B

v(t) = VL + (Vi + VL )e VL

VL
g t
(Vi + VL ) 1 e VL
y(t) = VL t +
g

M = 1Kg

B = 0.5Kg/s g = 10m/s2

Vi = 50m/s

VL
Vi
tmax =
ln 1 +
g
VL

tmax 2.506

2.5

Vi
VL Vi VL 2
y(tmax ) = ymax =

ln 1 +
49.89
g
g
VL

1Kg M (t) = 1 0.01t
0.01Kg/seg

d
d
M (t) v(t) + v(t) M (t) = M (t)g

dt
dt

1
dv(t)

v(t) = 10
dt
100 t
t < 100






B

dv(t)
= M g Bv 2 (t)
dt

c

a
b


a b

C(c, 0)
t D(c, at)
P (x, y)


dy
at y
=
dx
cx

ds
=
b=
dt

1+

dy
dx

dx
dt

p =

p=

at y
cx

b=

dy

dx

dx
1 + p2
dt

y + cp xp
a
x
t=

dt
=
dx

dp
(c
dx

x) + p(1) +
a

dy
dx

cx
a

dp
dx

dp
b
(c x)
= 1 + p2
a
dx

1 + p2
a
dp
=k
p(0) = 0 k =
dx
cx
b

kdx
dp

=
2
cx
1+p

ln p + 1 + p2 = k ln(c x) + C

C p(0) = 0

C = k ln(c)

c
2
ln p + 1 + p = k ln
cx

k

c
2
p+ 1+p =
cx

k
k
c
c
1

p=
2
cx
cx

k
k
1
c
c
dy
=
; y(0) = 0

dx
2
cx
cx
k = 1

k
k

cx
cx
1
(1 + k)
2kc + (c x) (1 k)
y(x) =
2(1 k 2 )
c
c

k < 1
kc
(c, y(c)) y(c) =

1 k2
k > 1

k = 1

dy
1
c
cx
=

dx
2 cx
c

2
c
c
c
cx
y(x) = ln
1
+
2
cx
4
c
k > 1

k = 0.5, 1, 0.9 1.5 c = 10

k = 0.5 k = 0.9
kc
0.74
6.67 47.37 a = 9 tm =
a(1 k 2 )
5.26
k = 1 k = 1.5
b
a c

k
k

1
c

x
c

k = 1
(1 + k)

2(1 k 2 ) 2kc + (c x) (1 k)
c
c

y=

c
c
c

x
a
c

1
k = = 1

2 ln c x + 4
c
b

x3 y = C

y 2xy 2x = C
2

1 2
+ =C
x y

C
x
+ =y
C
x
x2
y2
+
=1
C 2 4C 2

x2 sin(y) = C

x tan(y) = C

x+y
=C
xy

y = Cx + C 2 + 1

Cy = (x + C)2

m(t) = mo (1 at)

m (t)
B
dv(t)
= g
v(t)
v(t)2
dt
m(t)
m(t)

B a m0

x, y

d
y(x) = f (x, y)
dx

F (x, y, C) = 0


y = (x)

d
(x) f (x, (x))
dx

M (x)dx + N (y)dy = 0

dy
+ p(x)y = q(x)
dx

dy
+ p(x)y = q(x)y
dx

dy
= p(x)y 2 + q(x)y + r(x)
dx

dy
dy

+F
y = x
dx
dx

dy
+ 2y = ex
dx

ex ,

ex + e2x ,

ex + Ce2x

(x) = ex (x) = ex

ex + 2ex = ex

dy 1
y=x
dx 2

dy
dx

2y = x2

y = Cx

dy
= y2 + y 2
dx

C2
2

y=

K + 2x3
K x3

y =

9Kx2
(K x3 )2

9Kx2
K + 2x3
K + 2x3
x

+
2
(K x3 )2
K x3
K x3
(K + 2x3 )2 + (K x3 )(K + 2x3 ) 2(K x3 )

(K x3 )2
9Kx3

(K x3 )2

dy
y = x ln(x) + x2
dx

dy
dx

y = C ln(x) + C 2

ln2 (x)
y =
4

2y = x

dx
dy
x
dx
dy

x2 = 4C(y C)

dy
+ y = y 2
dx
ex
y =
C + ex

dy
dx

2y

dy
+x=0
dx

C 2 x2 + 1 = 2Cy
y = x

dy(x)
= f (x, y) ;
dx

y(x0 ) = y0

P (x0 , y0 )


P (x0 , y0 )

2y
y =
x

y 1 dy 2x1 dx = 0

ln(y) 2 ln(x) = K
K K = ln(C)

y = Cx2

y
C = 1 C = 1

C1 x2 , x < 0
f (x) =
C2 x2 , x 0

x2 ,
f (x) =
x2 ,

x < 0
x 0

f (x) =

x2 , x < 0
x 0
x2 ,

y = f (x, y)
(x0 , y0 )




y = f (x, y) y(x0 ) = y0 f fy
(x0 , y0 )
= {(x, y) R2 / |x x0 | < a, |y y0 | < b} |f (x, y)| < M
h a, b, M
|x x0 | < h

y =

2y
, y(x0 ) = y0
x

2
2y
fy =
x
x

x = 0

1 = (x, y) R2 / x > 0

2 = (x, y) R2 / x < 0
f=

y =

xy
, y(x0 ) = y0
1

x2

xy
x
fy = 2
1
x 1

x = 1 x = 1

1 = (x, y) R2 / x < 1

2 = (x, y) R2 / 1 < x < 1

3 = (x, y) R2 / x > 1
f=

x2

dy
xdx
= 2
y
x 1

ln(y) =

1
ln(x2 1) + ln(C)
2

y 2 = C 2 (x2 1)
c2 = K

x2 y 2

=1
1
K
K < 0
K > 0


K = 4

x2 y 2
+
=1
1
4
K = 4

x2 y 2

=1
1
4
x = 1 x = 1

dn y

dx
n y

log (x2 1)
2
y =

ln()
y(x0 ) = y0

log (x2 1) log (xo2 1)

2
2
yo
( 2) y =
y =

yo
x2 1
2
xo 1

dy

dx

x0 = 1

y =

1y
, y(x0 ) = y0
y yx

1
1y
fy =
(1 x)y
(x 1)y 2

x = 1 y = 0

1 = (x, y) R2 / x > 1 y > 0

2 = (x, y) R2 / x < 1 y > 0

3 = (x, y) R2 / x < 1 y < 0

4 = (x, y) R2 / x > 1 y < 0

f=

y
1
dx +
dy = 0
x1
y1

y1
y + ln
=C
x1

y1
y1
= eCy
= Key K = eC
x1
x1

x = 1

dy
= x + 2y
dx

(x0 , y0 )

C1 C2

y=

C1 x2 x, x < 0
C2 x2 x, x 0

dy
=
dx

y
x

(x0 , y0 )

dy
= 3(y 1)
dx

(x0 , y0 )

(1, 3) (2, 9)
(1, 3) (2, 9)

dy
y
=
dx
sin(x)

(x0 , y0 )

dy
= y(10 y) ;
dx

y(0) = 2

dy
= (10 y)(5 2y) ;
dx

y(0) = 0

y = f (ax + by + c)
= ax + by + c

dy
+ 10 sin(x) = 0 ;
dx

=0

x3

sin(x) x
3!

x(x2 + 1)y = y(x2 1) ;

y(1) = 2

dy
= f (x, y)
dx

F (x, y)
n R F (x, y) = n F (x, y)

F (x, y) = x2 + 3xy + y 2 2
y

G(x, y) = x + ye x 1
x+y
0
xy

x
2
S(x, y) = 2xy sin
y

R(x, y) = x + y 12

x
T (x, y) =
0
x+y
H(x, y) =

y = f (x, y) f (x, y)

x+y

y =
xy

x
y
, v=
u=
x
y

u =

y
y = ux
x
du
dy
=x +u
dx
dx

f (x, y)
y
f (x, y) = F
x

x, u
du
x + u = F (u)
dx
x
v = x = vy
y

dx
v
=y +v
dy
dy
v, y

y =

xy
x+y

x f (x, y)

y = x

1u
du
+u=
dx
1+u

x

u2

dx
u+1
du +
=0
+ 2u 1
x

1
ln(u2 + 2u 1) + ln(x) = C
2

y 2 + 2xy x2 = C 2

C = 0 y = (1

2 )x

y2 + 2 x y x2
=
2

y = x
eC0 2 ln(x) + 2 1

xy y 2
y =
x2

y2 f (x, y)

x = vy

dv
v2
+v =
dy
v1

y

dy
1v
dv +
=0
v
y

ln(v) v + ln(y) = ln(K)

v = ln(Cvy)

y=

x
ln(Cx)

x = 0

1 = (x, y) R2 / 0 x < 1 C = 1

2 = (x, y) R2 / 1 < x 0 C = 1

x+y
dy
=
dx
x

dy
xy + y 2
=
dx
x2

dy
x + 2y
=
dx
2x + y

dy
x2 y 2
=
dx
2xy

(x3 + y 3 )dx = xy 2 dy
y
dy
= y + x cos2
x
dx
x
2

x y
dy
= +
dx
y x

y
y
dy
= + sec2
dx
x
x

(6x2 8xy + y 2 )dy + (6x2 5xy 2y 2 )dx = 0

2
x + y
dy

=
dx
x

(x0 , y0 )

F (x, y) = C

F
F
dx +
dy = dC = 0
dF =
x
y
x y

F
= M (x, y) ,
x

F
= N (x, y)
y

M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0

2xydx + x2 dy = 0

x2 y = C

dF =

x2 y
x2 y
dx +
dy = 2xydx + x2 dy = 0
x
y

M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0
F (x, y) = C

F (x, y)
F (x, y)
=M
=N
x
y

F (x, y) = C

M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0 M (x, y) N (x, y)
R2

M (x, y) N (x, y)

=0

y
x

F (x, y)
x

F (x, y)
2 F (x, y)
M (x, y)
=
=
y
y
x
yx
M (x, y) =

N (x, y) =

F (x, y)
y

N (x, y)
=
x
x

F (x, y)
y

2 F (x, y)
=
xy

Fyx = Fxy

M (x, y) N (x, y)

=0
y
x

N
M

= 2x 2x = 0
y
x

M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0 M N My Nx
My Nx = 0

F (x, y) = C
F (x, y)
F
= M F
x M
x
x

F (x, y) =

M (x, y)dx + C(y)

x

C(y)
F
= N (x, y)

y
y

F (x, y)
=
y
y

M (x, y)dx + C (y) = N (x, y)

x

y
C (y)

M (x, y)dx
C (y) = N (x, y)
y x
x

N (x, y)

0=
M (x, y)dx
x
x y x

M
N (x, y)
N

0=
M (x, y)dx =
x
y x x
x
y

F


y

R2

= (x, y) R2 / r12 < x2 + y 2 < r22 ; r1 < r2

2xydx + (x2 y 2 )dy = 0

(x0 , y0 )

M (x, y) = 2xy N (x, y) = x2 y 2

N
M

= 2x 2x = 0
y
y

2xy
dy
= 2
dx
y x2

f=

2xy
2
y x2

fy =

2x(x2 + y 2 )
(y 2 x2 )2

y = x y = x (x0 , y0 )

1 = (x, y) R2 / x < y < x

2 = (x, y) R2 / x < y < x

3 = (x, y) R2 / y < x < y

4 = (x, y) R2 / y < x < y

F (x, y)
= 2xy
x
x

F (x, y) = x2 y + C(y)
y N

x2 + C (y) = x2 y 2

C (y) = y 2

1
C(y) = y 3
3

1
x2 y y 3 = C
3

x2 =

y3 + K
3y

K = 0
y = 3 x K = 2
P (1, 1) P (1, 1) K = 2 P (1, 1) P (1, 1)

y = x

y3 3 x2 y
=
3

dx


dy

3
x =
y
3

y
4
1
K + y3
x=
4eC0 3 ln(y) + = y C1 y 3 + x2 =
2
3
3
3y

dy
x y cos(x)
=
dx
y + sin(x)

(x0 , y0 )

[y cos(x) x] dx + [y + sin(x)] dy = 0

N
M

= cos(x) cos(x) = 0
y
x

f=

x y cos(x)
y + sin(x)

fy =

sin(x) cos(x) + x
[y + sin(x)]2

y = sin(x)

F
= y + sin(x)
y
y

1
F (x, y) = y 2 + y sin(x) + C(x)
2
x M (x, y)

y cos(x) + C (x) = y cos(x) x

1
C(x) = x2
2

2y sin(x) x2 + y 2 = C

M (x, y)dx + (x2 + xy + y 2 )dy = 0

M (x, y)

N
M
=
y
x

M
= 2x + y
y

1
M (x, y) = 2xy + y 2 + f (x)
2

f (x)
f (x) = 0

y2
2xy +
dx + (x2 + xy + y 2 )dy = 0
2

6x2 y + 3xy 2 + 2y 3 = C

M (x, y)dx+N (x, y)dy = 0
(x, y)

(x, y)

(x, y)M (x, y)dx + (x, y)N (x, y)dy = 0

[M ]
[N ]
=
y
x

M
+M

N
=0
y
y
x
x

x = (x)

M
N
d

N
=0
y
x
dx

M y Nx
d
=
dx

x
M y Nx
= f (x)

N

d
= f (x)dx

(x) = e

f (x)dx

y = (y)

M
d
N

+M

=0
y
dy
x

M y Nx
d
=
dy

y
M y Nx
= g(y)

M

d
= g(y)dy

(y) = e

g(y)dy

yf1 (xy)dx + xf2 (xy)dy = 0

(xy) =

k
xyf1 (xy) xyf2 (xy)

xdx + (x2 y + y 3 )dy = 0

My Nx = 0 2xy = 2xy

M g(y) = 2y

(y) = e

2ydy

= ey

xey dx + (x2 y + y 3 )ey dy = 0

2

My Nx = 2xyey + 2xyey = 0

F
2
= xey
x
x
2

x2 ey
+ C(y)
F (x, y) =
2
y N
2

x2 ey + C (y) = (x2 y + y 3 )ey

C (y) = y 3 ey C(y)

2
3 2
C(y) = y e dy = y 2 ey ydy
u = y 2

1
ueu
du = (u + 1)eu
C(u) =
2
2

x2 + y 2 + 1 = Key

(xy 3 + 1)dx x2 y 2 dy = 0

My Nx = 3xy 2 + 2xy 2 = 5xy 2

N f (x) =

5

x
(x) = x5

(x4 y 3 + x5 )dx x3 y 2 dy = 0

My Nx = 3x4 y 2 3x4 y 2 = 0

F
= x3 y 2
y

1
F (x, y) = x3 y 3 + C(x)
3
M (x, y)

x4 y 3 + C (x) = x4 y 3 + x5

4x1 y 3 + 3 = Kx4

(xy 2 + y)dx + (x x2 y)dy = 0

y(xy + 1)dx + x(1 xy)dy = 0

(xy) =

k
k
= 2 2
xy(xy + 1) xy(1 xy)
2x y

k = 2

(xy) = x2 y 2

(x1 + x2 y 1 )dx + (x1 y 2 y 1 )dy = 0

N
M

= x2 y 2 + x2 y 2 = 0
y
x

F (x, y)
= x1 + x2 y 1
x
F (x, y) = ln(x) x1 y 1 + C(y)
x1 y 2 + C (y) = x1 y 2 y 1
C(y) = ln(y)

y
1
+ ln
=C
xy
x

x y log (x y) + 1
2xy
x =

y = 0

y = f (x) y

(x, y) = xm y n

(2y 2 + 4x2 y)dx + (4xy + 3x3 )dy = 0

(x, y) = xm y n
m n

4y + 4x2 (4y + 9x2 )

5x2
M y Nx
=
=
N
4xy + 3x3
4xy + 3x3
4y + 4x2 (4y + 9x2 )
5x2
M y Nx
=
=
M
(2y 2 + 4x2 y)
2y 2 + 4x2 y

(2xm y 2+n + 4x2+m y 1+n )dx + (4x1+m y 1+n + 3x3+m y n )dy = 0

My Nx = 0

2(2 + n)xm y 1+n + 4(1 + n)x2+m y n 4(m + 1)xm y 1+n + 3(3 + m)x2+m y n

2(2 + n) = 4(1 + m)

4(1 + n) = 3(3 + m)

m = 1 n = 2
(x, y) = xy 2

(2xy 4 + 4x3 y 3 )dx + (4x2 y 3 + 3x4 y 2 )dy = 0

N
M

= 8x3 y 2 (8xy 3 + 12x3 y 2 ) = 0

y
x

x2 y 3 (x2 + y) = C

dy
=xy
dx
2ydy = (x2 + y 2 )dx

xdx + (x2 y + y 3 )dy = 0

(x + y)

(y 3 3x)y = y

(ex 2xy)dy = y(y ex )dx

xy + 2y = sin(x)

(x2 + 2ye2x )dy + (2xy + 2y 2 e2x )dx = 0

(x + x3 y 2 )dy + y 3 x2 dx = 0

[3y 2 cot(x) + cos(x)] dx 2ydy = 0

(2xy + y 4 )dx + (xy 3 2x2 )dy = 0

N (x, y)

x sin(xy)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0

xy 2 2y
dy
=
dx
4x 3x2 y
(x0 , y0 )

dy
+ p(x)y = q(x)
dx
x y

y(x) = yc (x) + yss (x)

dy
= q(x) p(x)y
dx


f = q(x) p(x)y , fy = p(x)

(x0 , y0 )
p(x) q(x)
p(x)
q(x)
(x0 , y0 )

1
dy
+ 2
y=x ,
dx x x

y(x0 ) = y0

(x0 , y0 )

q(x) p(x)

x = 0 x = 1

1 = (x, y) R2 / x < 0

2 = (x, y) R2 / 0 < x < 1

3 = (x, y) R2 / x > 1

dy
+ sec2 (x)y = ln(x) ,
dx

y(2) = 1

q(x) x = 0

p(x)

x=n

n = 1, 3, 5, 7...

<x<
2
2

[p(x)y q(x)] dx + 1dy = 0

M y Nx
= p(x)
N

(x) = e p(x)dx

(x) [p(x)y q(x)] dx + (x)dy = 0

(x)p(x)ydx + (x)dy = (x)q(x)dx

d(x) = d e

p(x)dx

=e

p(x)dx

p(x)dx = (x)p(x)dx

(x)p(x)ydx + (x)dy = d [(x)y]

d [(x)y] = (x)q(x)dx

(x)y = C + (x)q(x)dx

dy
+ p(x)y = q(x)
dx

(x) = e

(x)y = C +

p(x)dx

(x)q(x)dx

1
1
y = C (x) + (x) (x)q(x)dx

dy
+ 2y = x sin(x)
dx

(x0 , y0 )

(, 2)

dy 2
+ y = sin(x)
dx x

x = 0

(x) = e
2

2
dx
x

x y=C+

= eln(x ) = x2
x2 sin(x)dx

x2 y = C x2 cos(x) + 2 cos(x) + 2x sin(x)

C y() = 2

2 2 = C + 2 2 C = 2 + 2

y=

2 + 2 x2 cos(x) + 2 cos(x) + 2x sin(x)

x2

(x 1)

dy
+ 2y = x
dx

, x = 0

(x0 , y0 )

(1, 0)

2
x
dy
+
y=
dx x 1
x1

x = 1

(x) = e x1 dx = (x 1)2

2
2 x
(x 1) y = C + (x 1)
dx = C + x(x 1)dx
x1

(x 1)2 y = C +

x3 x2

3
2

C y(0) = 1

1=C +11 C =1

3
x2
x
2

(x 1)2 , < x < 1

y(x) = (x 1) +
3
2

ex
dy
+y =
dx
x

(x0 , y0 )

(1, 1)

ex
dy 1
+ y= 2
dx x
x

x = 0

(x) = e x dx = x
x

ex
e
dx
xy = C + x 2 dx = C +
x
x

1 (1)n xn
1
x x2
ex
=
= 1+
+
x
x n=0
n!
x
2
6

xy = C + ln(x) x +

x2 x3

+
4
18

C y(1) = 1

1=C +01+

1
1
1
1

C 1+1 +
1.806
4 18
4 18

y(x) = 1 +

1.806 ln(x) x x2
+
+
+
x
x
4 18

x = 0

K ln(x) (1)n xn1

y(x) =
+
+
x
x
n n!
n=1

K =1

(1)n
n=1

n n!

t
x

et
dt
t

t
= x e t dt

dy
=
dx
f (x, y) = f (x, y) y

x = (1, 5) 0.1
y(1) = 1

dy
ex xy
=
dx
x2

0
x < 0
2x
dy
+ 2
y=
dx x + 1
4x x 0

(1, 3)

q(x)

x < 0

dy
2x
+ 2
y=0
dx x + 1

y=

C1
+1

x2

x 0

2x
dy
+ 2
y = 4x
dx x + 1

y = x2 + 1 +

C2
+1

x2

x = 0 C1 = 1 + C2
y(1) = 3

C2 = 2 ,

2
y(x) = x + 1

x2 + 1 +

C1 = 3

x < 0

x2

2
+1

x 0

f (y)

dy
+ p(x)g(y) = q(x)
dx

u = g(y)

f (y) dy
+ p(x)u = q(x)
g (y) dx
du


dx

f (y)
=K
g (y)

dy
cos(y) + sin(y) = x
dx

u = sin(y)
dy
du
= cos(y)
dx
dx

du
+u=x
dx

x
e u = C + xex dx

ex sin(y) = C + ex (x 1)
y

y(x) = sin1 (Cex + x 1)

dy
+ p(x)y = q(x)y R
dx

dy
+ p(x)y 1 = q(x)
dx

u = y 1

du
+ (1 )p(x)u = (1 )q(x)
dx

dy

+ xy = x y
dx

y 2

1
dy
+ xy 2 = x
dx

u = y 2

1
du x
+ u= x
dx 2
2
(x) = e

x4
2

e y=C+

x4
2

x4

e2

1
xdx
2

y = Ce

x4
2

+1

dy
= 1 x(x + 2)y
dx
dy
x
= 2x2 y + y 2
dx
[x sin(y) x3 ] y = 2cos(y)

y 2 dx + (xy y 3 )dy = 0

x2

dx
= kx(M x) k M
dt

0 x < 0
dy
1
+ 2
y=
dx x + 1
1 x 0

y(1) =

dy
2x2 y = y ln(y)
dx

u = ln(y)

dv
1
100

v=
dt
10 t
10 t

v(0) = 20

(1 x2 )y (x) 2xy(x) = 2 ;

y(0) = 1

sec2 (y)

dy
+ tan(y) = x ;
dx

y(0) =

3
4

dy
dx
= f (x, y)

dy
= x+y1 1
dx

(x0 , y0 )

y = 1 x
u2 = x + y 1
(1, 4)

f=

x+y1 1 ,

1
fy =
2 x+y1

x + y 1 > 0
x + y = 1

y = 1 x

1 x + (1 x) 1 1 = 1
u2 = x + y 1

2u

dy
du
=1+
dx
dx

2u

du
1=u1
dx

2du = dx

2u = x + C

2 x+y1 =x+C

y(1) = 4

2 1+41 =1+C C =3

2 x+y1 =x+3

1
y(x) = (x2 + 2x + 13)
4

4(y 3) = (x + 1)2

y = 1 x (3, 4)

2
dy
= yx
dx
yx

u2 = y x

2u

du
dy
=
1
dx
dx

1 + 2u

du
2
=u
dx
u

2u2
du = dx
u2 u 2

2
8

du = dx
2+
3(u 2) 3(u + 1)

2u +

8
2
ln(u 2) ln(u + 1) = x + C
3
4

( x y 2)4
2
=x+C
2 y x + ln
3
yx +1

1
xdx + ydy = d(x2 + y 2 )
2
xdy + ydx = d(xy)
y
y
= y 2 d
xdy ydx = x2 d
x
x

(x x2 y 2 )dx + (y + x2 + y 2 )dy = 0

xdx + ydy (x2 + y 2 )dx + (x2 + y 2 )dy = 0

xdx + ydy
xdx + ydy

x2 + y 2
1 d(x2 + y 2 )

2 (x2 + y 2 )

1 d(x2 + y 2 )

2 (x2 + y 2 )

= (x2 + y 2 )(dx dy)

= dx dy
= d(x y)

= d(x y)

ln(x2 + y 2 ) = x y + C

xdy ydx =

x2 y 2 dx

x2 y 2 dx
xdy ydx
=
x2
x
x
y
y 2 dx
= 1
d
x
x
y x
d
dx
x

y 2 = x
1
x

sin1

y
x

= ln(x) + C

y = x sin[ln(Cx)]

y = ux

y
x asin
x
|x|
x =

F (x, y)

Area = 2A + 2RH
A R
H
Area

M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0

n R x
y n M (x, y)dx N (x, y)dy

(x2 2y 3 )dx + 3xy 2 dy = 0

x M (x, y)dx

dim[x2 dx] = 2dim[x] + dim[dx] = 2 + 1 = 3

y n N (x, y)dy

dim[3xy 2 dy] = dim[3x] + 2dim[y] + dim[dy] = 1 + 2n + n = 1 + 3n

2
3
M (x, y)dx

3 1 + 3n n =

dim[2y 3 dx] = 3dim[y] + dim[dx] = 3n + 1 = 3

n

y = uxn

y = ux2/3

dy
= 2y 3 x2
dx
y 3 = u3 x2

3xy 2

dy
du
= 2xu3 + 3u2 x2
dx
dx

3y 2

du
= 2u3 x2 x2
dx

2x2 u3 + 3u2 x3

dx
=0
x


y 3 = x2 [C ln(x)]
3u2 du +

1+ yx
dy

=
dx
1 yx

(x0 , y0 )

y = x
u2 = y x

(0, 1)

dy
= 3 x+y+2
dx

(2xy 2 y)dx + xdy = 0

xdx + (y x2 + y 2 )dy = 0
ydx + (x y 3 )dy = 0

(x3 xy 2 + y)dx + (y 3 x2 y x)dy = 0

(x3 2xy 2 x)dx + (2y 3 + x2 y 2y)dy = 0

x2 (1 xy)dy + (1 + xy x2 y 2 )dx = 0

(x + x2 y)dy + (xy 2 y)dx = 0

y 2 x2 xy dy = 0

y 2 dx + x

dy
dx

x, y

f (x, y,

dy
)=0
dx

dy

p =
dx

f (x, y, p) = 0

y = 1 y = 1

(x h)2 + y 2 = 1

2(x h) + 2yp = 0 (x h) = yp y 2 p2 + y 2 = 1
y = 1 p = 0

12 02 + 12 = 1 1

y = 1

h = 1, 0, 1

dy
= f (x, y)
dx
p

p=

1 y2
y

F (x, y, C) = 0

x = (C) y = (C)

F
dy
= p = x = C
F

dx
y
C

F F
+
=0
x C
y C

F (x, y, C) = 0

F
F
F
dx +
dy +
dC = 0
x
y
C

F
F F
+
+
=0
x C
y C C

F
= 0
C

F (x, y, C) = 0

F ((C), (C), C) = 0

[F ((C), (C), C)] = 0

C
C

y 2 2Cy 4Cx1 + C 2 = 0

C
2y 4x1 + 2C = 0
C = y + 2x1

xy = 1

f (x, y, p) = 0

f (x, y, p) = 0 ,

f (x, y, p) = 0
p

p
p

y = xp + p2

xp + p2 y = 0

p x + 2p = 0
p

4y = x2

f (x, y, p) = 0

(p f1 (x, y)) (p f2 (x, y)) (p fn (x, y)) = 0

n

dy
= fi (x, y) ,
dx

i = 1, 2, 3 . . . n

Fi (x, y, C) = 0


F1 (x, y, C)F2 (x, y, C) Fn (x, y, C) = 0

xp2 2yp x = 0

y+
dy
=
dx

x2 + y 2
x

y
dy
=
dx

x2 + y 2
x

y = ux

du
+ u = u + u2 + 1 ;
dx
dx
du

;
=
2
x
u +1

y + x2 + y 2 C = 0 ;

du
+ u = u u2 + 1
dx
du
dx

=
2
x
u +1

y + x2 + y 2 Cx2 = 0
x

x2 + y 2 = (C y 2 )2 = C 2 2Cy + y 2 x2 = C 2 2Cy

x2 + y 2 = (Cx y 2 )2 = C 4 x4 2Cx2 y + y 2
1
2
1 = C 2 x2 2Cy x2 = 2 + y
C
C
1
K = x2 = K 2 2Ky
C

y = f (x, p)

dy =

f
f
dx +
dp
x
p

x p, x

dy
f
f dp
=p=
+
dx
x p dx

dp
=
dx

f
x
f
p

xp2 2yp x = 0

y=

x(p2 1)
2p

p2 1
f
p

p
p 2p2 + 1 p2
p p2 + 1
dp
2p
x =
=
=
=
f
x(p2 + 1)
dx
x x(p2 + 1)
x x(p2 + 1)
p
2p2
p2 + 1 = 0

dx
dp
=
p
x

ln(p) = ln(x) + ln(C) p = Cx

p

x(Cx)2 2y(Cx) x = 0
y

C
1
x+
2
2C


y=

y = xp + p2

f
p
dp
0
x = p p =
=
f
dx
x + 2p
x + 2p
p
x + 2p = 0 p = C

y = Cx + C 2
x
x + 2p = 0 p = p
2


2

x
x2
x
+
=
y=x
2
2
4

f (x, y, p) = 0
x
x = g(y, p)

dx =

g
g
dy +
dp
y
p

y p, y

dx
1
g g dp
= =
+
dy
p
y p dy

1 g

dp
p y
=
g
dy
p

xp2 2yp + 4x = 0

x=

2yp
+4

p2

1
1 g
2p

2
(4 p2 )(p2 + 4)
dp
p y
p p +4
=
=
=
g
p2 4
dy
2yp(4 p2 )
2y 2
p
(p + 4)2


4 p2 = 0

p2 + 4
dp
=
dx
2yp

1
2p
dp = dy ln(p2 + 4) = ln(Cy) p2 + 4 = Cy
+4
y

p = Cy 4

p2

x2 =

4y 2 p2
(p2 + 4)2

p2

x2 = C(y C)

4 p2 = 0 p = 2

x=

2yp
2y(2)
4y
y
=
=
=
2
+4
(2) + 4
8
2

p2

y = 2x

y=

1 2
x +C
C

(y + xp)2 = 4p2 x2

p2 2xp 3x2 = 0

(x2 y)p2 2xyp + y 2 = 0

(x + yp)2 = x2 + y 2

y = xp ln(x) + x2 p2

p3 2xp2 3x2 p = 0

1
y = xp + x2 + (x + p)2
2
2xp = 2 tan(y) + p3 cos2 (y)

p2 + x(y + 1)p + x2 y = 0
2y = xp +

x
p

dn y
= f (x)
dxn
n
n

d2 y
= sin(x)
dx2

p =

dy

dx

dp

= sin(x)
dx

dy = p
dx
p = cos(x) + C1

dy
= cos(x) + C1
dx

y = sin(x) + C1 x + C2

dy
d2 y
)
2 = f (x,
dx
dx
dy

p =
dx

dp

= f (x, p)
dx

dy = p
dx
p
x

d2 y dy
+
= x cos(x)
dx2 dx

dp

+
dx

1
p = cos(x)
x
dy
=p
dx

=e

xp = C1 +

1
dx
x

=x

x cos(x)dx

p = C1 x1 +

cos(x)
sin(x)
x

cos(x)
y = C1 ln(x) + cos(x) +
dx + C2
x

x = 0

1 x x3 x5
x2 x4
x6
cos(x)
dx =
+

+ dx = ln(x)
+

+
x
x 2
4!
5!
4
96 720
A B

x2 x4
x6
y = A + B ln(x) + cos(x)
+

+ ; x = 0
4
96 720

d2 y
dy
)
2 = f (y,
dx
dx
dy
p =

dx

dp dy
dp
dp
=
=p
dx
dy dx
dy

dp

p
= f (y, p)
dx

dy = p
dx
p
y

d2 y
= sin(y)
dx

dp

p
= sin(y)
dx

dy = p
dx

1
pdp = sin(y)dy p2 = cos(y) + C1
2

p=

2 cos(y) + 2C1

dy

= 2 dx
cos(y) + A

y2
(2 A 7) y 4 (4 A2 82 A + 139) y 6
1

+
dy = 2 x + C
3
5 +
7
A+1
4 (A + 1) 2
96 (A + 1) 2
5760 (A + 1) 2
3
5

y
(2 A 7) y
(4 A2 82 A + 139) y 7
y

+
= 2x + C
3
5 +
7
A+1
12 (A + 1) 2
480 (A + 1) 2
40320 (A + 1) 2

p, y
y (0) = 1 y(0) = 0 x = [0, 5]
0.1

y p

d2 y

= x sin(x)
dx2

(1 x2 )y 2xy = 1

d2 y
= y

dx2

d2 y

=
dx2

dy
d2 y
=x
2 +4
dx
dx
2
dy
d2 y
y 2 = 1 +
dx
dx

(x + 1)y (x + 2)y + 2y = 0

y +

1+

dy
dx

1
y + 2(y )2 = 0
x

2y 2 y + 2y(y )2 1 = 0
y = (y + 1)y

y + 2 y = 0

y = A cos(x) + B sin(x)
y(0) = 0 y (0) = 1

= n n = 1, 2, 3, . . .

x n
y = 1+
n

y = ex

[F (x) + yG(xy)]dx + xG(xy)dy = 0

z = xy

[x2 + y sin(xy)]dx + x sin(xy)dy = 0

N (x, y)

dy
= x sec(y) x2 y y sin(x)
dx

N (x, y)

y = ay by n

n = 1, 2

x+y + xy

y =
x+y xy

1+ xy

y =
1 xy

x2 + y 2

y = 2x + 3y

xy =

y =

6x2 5xy 2y 2
6x2 8xy + y 2

[yex sin(x)]dx = (ex + 2y)dy

(3x y 9)y = 10 2x 2y

[2r cos(x) 1]r = r 2 sin(x)

4x2 yy = 2 + 3xy 2

x sec2 (x)y = sin(2x) tan(y)

y + p(x)y = q(x)y ln(y)

z = ln(y)

xy = 2x2 y + y ln(y)

[x cos(y) sin2 (y)]y = sin(y)
(y 3 3x)y = y

xy + 3 = 4xey

, y(0) =

, y(0) = 2
, y(2) = 0

xydy = (y xy x + 1)dx
y = sec(y) + x tan(y)

, y(1) = 0

, y(0) = 0

[xy 2 + sin2 (x) sin(2x)]dx 2ydy = 0

(x x2 y 2 )dx + (y + x2 + y 2 )dy = 0

xyy = sin(x) y 2

[2xy ln(y)]dx + [x2 ln(y)]dy = 0

(x2 y + y 3 x)y = (x3 + xy 2 y)

[x sin3 (y)]y sin(y) cos(y) = 0

(x3 + x)y = x3 + 2y

xdx = (x2 y + y 3 )dy

(x2 y + 2y 3 2y)y = x x3 2xy 2

(x2 y 2 + 1)dx + 2x2 dy = 0

y + xy = x4 p2

x2 p2 yp(x2 + y 2 ) + y 4 = 0

p2 sec(x) p tan(x) + y = 0

xp2 2yp + 4x = 0

y = xp p3

4xp 2y = p3 y 2

x
2y = xp +
p
2
(xp + y) = xy

y = xp a

xp2 2yp + x + 2y = 0

y = p tan(x) p2 sec2 (x)

p2 + 1 , a > 0

p2 2xp = 3x2

y
p
3xp 3 = p3 e2y

(p2 + 1)(2y x)2 = (x + yp)2

yy + p2 p = 0

x = p2 +

y + x3 p2 = 2xp

4y 4xp ln(x) = p2 x2

y(1 + p2 ) = 4

(x + 2y)p3 + 3(x + y)p2 + (2x + y)p = 0

y = C ln(x) x ln(x)y = y
x1 + y 1 = C y = y 2 /x2
y = ex y + y = 0
y = x y = 1 +

yx

y = 1 +

yx

y(x0 ) = y0

y = x
= {(x, y) R2 /y > x}

y = 14 (x2 + 6x + 1)

xy + tan(x)y = xex

y(x0 ) = y0

= (x, y) R2 /

<x<

<x<

(2, 0)

(x + y)y = x y

(1

y x )y = 1 +

yx

= {(x, y) R2 /y > x + 1}

xy = x y



|x| < 1

y 2 2xy x2 = C

(y x)y = y + x

y 2 + 2xy x2 = C
y = x +

2x2 + 1

x(y )2 2yy + 2x = 0

y = 2 x
y = Cx2 +
y = Cx2 +

1
C

xy = y y 2 x2
1
2C

xyy = y xy x + 1

2xyy = y 2 x2 1

(1, 2)

F (x, y, p) = 0

T P (x, y)
N P (x, y)

R P (x, y)

tan() =

dy
=p
dx

tan() =

1
p

tan() =

y
x

tan =

1 dr
r d

F (r, , C) = 0

OP = x P (x, y)
OP = y P (x, y)

OP = r = x2 + y 2 P (x, y)
y
P B = st =
p
AP = sn = yp

y 1 + p2
PB =
p

P D = x 1 + p2

AP = y 1 + p2

(1, 1)

OBP

y
y
tan() =
tan( ) = tan() = p p =
x
x

y
dy
=
dx
x

, y(1) = 1

1
y=
x

45
xy = C

P (x, y)

= 2 1

tan() =

= 1 2

tan(2 ) tan(1 )
1 + tan(2 ) tan(1 )

p1 p2

tan() =

p2 p1
1 + p 2 p1

p2 =

p1 tan()
1 + p1 tan()

p2 =

p1 tan()
1 p1 tan()

= 2
p2 p1 = 1

xy = C xy + y = 0 y =

y
x

45

y+x
dy
y + x
dy
=
;
=
dx
yx
dx
y+x

y = ux

u2

1
u+1
du + dx = 0 ;
+ 2u 1
x

u2

u+1
1
du + dx = 0
2u 1
x

y 2 2xy x2 = C

y 2 + 2xy x2 = C

xy = 1
x2 2xy x2 = 1
x2 + 2xy x2 = 1

45

2y 2 x2 = K

x
dy
=
dx
2y

P (x, y)

(1, 2)

2
2

= 2
2

= cot(x)
tan x
2

dy
1 tan2 ()
tan() = p =
= cot(2) =
dx
2 tan()
y
tan() =
x
dy
y 2 x2
=
dx
2xy

x2 + y 2 = Cx
(1, 2) x2 + y 2 = 5x

(1, 2)

3
y = (x 1) + 2
4

(3, 2)
(1, 1)
y 2 = Kx3


k k
(0, 1)
P (x, y)



K = 2

r
cos()
I=K

r2








(2, 0)
r = C[1 cos()]
P (r, )

P (x, y)

a b (c, 0)

k = a/b

2y = (x/c)k (c/x)k
P (x, y) F

(3, 4) F C

P (x, y)

y (t) = sec (y (t))


p(t) = y (t) p(t)

x(t)

dx(t)
dt

Xi

x(t)

t > 0

dx(t)
= kx(t)
dt
k

dx(t)
= kx(t) ,
dt

x(0) = Xi

x(t) = Cekt

x(t) = Xi ekt
k

x(1) = 1.5Xi k = ln(1.5)

x(t) = Xi eln(1.5)t = Xi (1.5)t

Xi

x(t) t

dx
= kx ;
dt

x(0) = Xi

x(t) = Xi ekt
x(1700) = 0.5Xi k

k=

ln(2)
1700

x(t) = Xi 2t/1700
x(10) 0.996Xi

M


N

dx(t)
= kx(t)[M x(t)] ;
dt

x(0) = N

dx
= kdt
x(M x)

1
1 1
+
dx = kdt
M x M x

ln(x) + ln(M x) = kM dt + C

x
= AekM t
M x

A=

N
M N

x(t)

x(t) =

MN
N + (M N )ekM t

k
k

2(M N )
1
ln
k=
10
(M 2N )

N = 5 M = 20 x(10) = 10

x(t) t
y(t) = 1000 x(t)

dx(t)
= k[1000 x(t)] ; x(0) = 0
dt


dx
+ kx = 1000k
dt
= ekt
x(t) = Cekt + 1000


x(t) = 1000[1 ekt ]

5 = 1000[1 ek ] 1 ek = 0.005 ek = 0.995 k = ln(1.005) k 0.005

x(t) = 1000[1 e0.005t ]

900 = 1000[1 e0.005t ] 1 e0.005t = 0.9 e0.005t = 0.1 t =

ln(10)
460
0.005

5C 1.7C
4C
T
a


W R














y0
A
H y(t)

a




dV (t)
= kav(t)
dt
v(t)
V (t)

Ep = mgy

1
Ec = mv 2 (t)
2

v(t) = 2gy

dV (t)
dy
= A(y)
dt
dt

A(y)

1
dy
= ka 2g y 2
dt

y(0) = H

A(y) H

A = x2

Hx = Ry


r2 y 2
A(y) =
H2

R2
B = kH 2 2g
a

By 2 dy + dt = 0 ;

y(0) = H

2R2 H
tv =
5ka
2g
H = 2m R = 1m
g = 9.8m/s2 a = 2cm2 k = 1

tv 33.4min

dV = 2Lxdy

P (x, y) R

(y R)2 + x2 = R2

y

dV = 2L 2Ry y 2 dy

2L

1
dy
2Ry y 2
= ka 2g y 2
dt

B =

y(0) = R

2L

ka 2g

B 2R y dy = dt

3
2
t = C + B(2R y) 2
3

y(0) = R

4RL R
tv =
3ka 2g
L = 2m R = 1m
g = 9.8m/s2 a = 2cm2 k = 1

tv 50.2min

t = 0
r

a
H R



R H

Vi

ci

ce A
B

t = 0 t > 0

q(t)
q(t)
c(t) =
V (t)

dV (t)
=AB
dt

V (t) = (A B)t + Vi

Ace Bc(t)

B
dq(t)
+
q(t) = ACe
dt
V (t)

q(0) = qi

400
0.1 12
8

dV (t)
= 12 8 = 4 ; V (0) = 400
dt

V (t) = 4t + 400
qi = 400(0.1) = 40

2
dq(t)
+
q(t) = 0 ;
dt
t + 100

q(0) = 40

q(t) = 400000(t + 100)2

c(t) = 100000(t + 100)3

0.01
115.4

A B C

C a
A b B a + b = 1 M A N B
t1 Q
C

q(t)

c(t)

x(t) C

A B

M ax(t)

N bx(t)

dx(t)
= [M ax(t)][N bx(t)] ;
dx

x(0) = 0

dx
= dt
(M ax)(N bx)

b
a
+
dx = (N a M b)dt
M ax N bx

ln(N bx) ln(M ax) = (N a M b)t + K

K K = ln(N ) ln(M )

M (N bx)
= e(N aM b)t
N (M ax)

x(t) = M N

e(N aM b)t 1
N ae(N aM b)t M b

Xsat = lm x(t) =
t

M/a
N/b

N a > M b
N a < M b

x(t1 ) = Q

1
M (N Qb)
=
ln
(N a M b)t1
N (M Qa)

M = 50gr ; N = 50gr ; t1 = 10min ; Q = 30gr ; a = 0.6 ; b = 0.4

0.00172
Xsat = 83.3gr

4m3
4Kgr
0.5Kgr/m3 2m3 /min
3m3 /min

qi
qi
Vi

= 4Kgrs Vi = 4m3

Ci = = 1Kgr/m3
A = 2m3 /min Ce = 0.5Kgr/m3

t = 0
B = 0
V (t) = At + Vi = 2t + 4

dq(t)
= ACe q(t) = ACe t + qi = t + 4
dt
t+4
q(t)
=

C(t) =
V (t)
2(t + 2)

64
V (60) = 124m3 q(60) = 64Kgr Ci = 124
=
3
0.52Kgr/m

Vi = 124m3 , A = 2m3 /min, Ce = 0.5Kgr/m3 , qi = 64Kgr, B = 3m3 /min

t = 0

V (t) = (A B)t + Vi = t + 124

3q(t)
dq(t)
=1
dt
124 t

q(0) = 64

= e 124t dt = (124 t)3

1
3
3
q(t) = K(124 t) + (124 t)
(124 t)3 dt = K(124 t)3 + (124 t)
2

q(0) = 64 = K(124)3 + 62 K =

2
1243

2
t
124
t
t
t
q(t) = 2 1
+
+ 31
1
=2 1
1
124
2
124
124
124

1
C(t) =
62

t
1
124

31
62

124min
C(124) = 31
0.52Kgr/m3
62

q(t) =

t +

0 < t 60

t 60
t 60

1
+ 31
t > 60
2 1 124
124

t+4

0 < t 60
2(t + 2)

2
C(t) =
t 60
1
31

1
t > 60
+

62
124
62

184

q(t)

c(t)

CO2

CO2
CO2

C0
k
A
P

t = 0



A B C

C
A B A
B
C
V
A
x0 y0 x(t)
y(t)

x0 + y0 = x(t) + y(t)
A
dx(t)
= k (x0 + y0 2x)
dt
V

x0 = 0 y0 = 0.1 x(20) = 0.02 y(20) = 0.08


V (t) q(t)




q0

Ti
Ta
t1 T (t1 ) = T1


T (t)

dT (t)
= k[Ta T (t)] ; T (0) = Ti
dt

dT
+ kT = kTa
dt

T (t) = Ta + (Ti Ta )ekt

k
T (t1 ) = T1 k

T1 = Ta + (Ti Ta )ekt1

T1 Ta
Ti Ta
= ekt1 ekt1 =
Ti Ta
T1 Ta

1
k = ln
t1

Ti Ta
T1 Ta

1
=
k

ln

t1

Ti Ta
T1 Ta

T (t) = Ta + (Ti Ta )et/

t = 5

T (5 ) = T a + (Ti Ta )e5 Ta + 0.0067(Ti Ta )

t1 T (t1 ) = 200
T (t1 + 1) = 250
t

T (t) = 300 + (30 300)e = 300 270et/

t1

200 = 300 270e

250 = 300 270e

t1 +1

t1

270e = 100
270e

t1 +1

= 50

e1/ = 2
= 1/ ln(2) 1.443 t1 t1 = ln(2.7) 1.433

T (t) = 300 270et/

d(mv)
=F
dt
F t s(t)
v(t)
ds(t)
v(t) =

dt

dm
dv
+v
= F (t, s, v)
dt
dt

v(0) = Vi

dv
= f (t, s, v) ; v(0) = Vi
dt
f

dv
= f (s, v) ;
dt

v(0) = Vi

m

a

m kx

dv
= kx ;
dt

v(a) = 0

mv

dv
+ kx = 0
dt

v2 = C

k 2
x
m

x2
k
2 =
m

v 2 = C 2 x2
v(a) = 0

v(t) = a2 x2

dx
= dt ;
x2

a2

x(0) = a

x(t) = a cos(t)


a

y(t)

dv
KG mM
=
dt
y2

M KG
KG

KG mM
gR2
=
mg

K
=
G
R2
M

gR2
dv
= 2
dt
y

gR2
dy
= 2 vdv = gR2 y 2 dy
v
dt
y

v 2 = 2gR2 y 1 + C

R R
v(2R) = 0
C = gR

v(t) = 2gR2 y 1 gR

v(R) = gR

dv
m = KG y
dt

mv

dv
+ KG y = 0 ;
dy

v(R) = 0

R
KG
KG R = mg

Rvdv + gydy = 0 ;

v(R) = 0

v(t) =

R2 y 2

g
R

y(t) = R cos(t)

2
R
= 2
T =

Vi

dv
m = mg kB v 2
dt

mg
m dv
v2
=
kB dt
kB

mg
kB


g
dv
= 2 dt ; v(0) = Vi
2
2
VL v
VL

VL + v
g
1
ln
= 2t + C
2
VL v
VL
VL =

2g t
VL + Vi + (Vi VL )e VL
v(t) = VL
2g t
VL + Vi + (VL Vi )e VL
VL = lm v(t)
t

VL = 3.46m/s
Vi = 50m/s

d(mv)
= 0.1v
dt

dv
dm
+v
= 0.1v
dt
dt

m = 1 + 0.1t

m

(1 + 0.1t)

dv
+ 0.1v = 0.1v
dt

v(0) = 100

2
dv
+
v=0
dt t + 10
v(t) = C(t + 10)2

10000
v(t) =
(t + 10)2
x(0) = 0
10000
x(t) = 1000
t + 10

m(90) = 1 + 0.1(90) = 10Kg

v(t)

x(t)

1
1
dv
+
v=
v 2 ; v(0) = 100
dt t + 10
t + 10

R
m

V0
W
a

W
t
(t) =
ln 1 + KgV0
Kga
W
K V0

F0
V0

Fr = K1 v
Fr = K2 v 2

m



m V0

V0




L

v(t) i(t)
p(t) = v(t)i(t)

q(t) = Cv(t)

i(t) =

dq(t)
dt

i(t) = C

dv(t)
dt

v(t) = L

di(t)
dt

t > 0 Vi

t > 0 i(t)

Ri(t) + v(t) = E

dv(t)
dt

i(t) = C

1
1
dv
+
v=
E
dt RC
RC

v(0) = Vi

RC

v(t) = Cet/ + E

v(t) = E + (Vi E)et/

R = 1000 ;

C = 103 F

E = 10V

Vi = 0

L

di(t)
L
+ Ri(t) = E ; i(0) = 0
dt

E
di(t) 1
+ i(t) =
dt

L
R

t = 0

R = 10 L = 1H
00 0.001
t = 0 vi (t) = 10 sin(t)

t = 0

C(t) = 0.1(1 + 0.01t)
10
v(t)

v(t)