Ibid

Ibid. originated from Latin word, short for ibidem, meaning "in the same place". The term used to
provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding
endnote or footnote.
For example:
[1] E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), p. 23.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid., p. 29.
[4] Al Azif, The Necronomicon (Petrus de Dacia, 1994).
[5] Ibid. 1, p. 34.
Reference 2 is the same as reference 1: E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies on page 23, whereas reference 3
refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a
reference to the original citation in the form Ibid. <citation #>, as in reference 5.

Differences between Footnote and Bibliography
They are both a part of referencing.

Footnotes are what you need when you cite a quote or some information that you have got
from somewhere else. You have to cite the source or it is plagiarizing.

A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, and other sources you use when researching
a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography will appear at the end of your paper.

Bibliography entries must be written in a very specific format, but that format will depends on
your particular style of writing you use. Your teacher will tell you which style to use, and for
most school papers these will be either OSCOLA, MLA, APA, or Turabian style. A bibliography is
a summary of all your references in an alphabetical list. Some people use the Oscola system and
some use APA system.







Full Name of Abbreviations


OSCOLA - Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities
MLA- Modern Language Association
APA- American Psychological Association

MLJ - Malayan Law Journal
CLJ- Current Law Journal
AMR- All Malaysia Reports
MLR- Malayan Law Reports
FMSLR- Federated Malay States Law Reports