Alli gati on

Rule 1
Theorem: The proportion in which rice at Rs x per kg must
be mixed with rice at Rs y per kg, so that the mixture be
worth Rsza kg, is given by
y-
z-x
Illustrative Example
Ex.: In what proportion must rice at Rs 3.10 per kg be
mixed with rice at Rs 3.60 per kg, so that the mixture be
worth Rs 3.25 a kg?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the required ratio be x: y.
As per the question,
310x + 360y =325(x +y)
or,310x + 360y =325x+325y %
or,325;c-310x =360y-325y
or, 15.v =35y
Alligation Method:
CP of 1 kg cheaper rice
(310paise)
=35 = ? .
y 15
Mean Price
(325 paise)
CP of 1 kg dearer rice
(360 paise)
Quantity of cheaper _ CP of dearer
Quantity of dearer
15
Mean Price
Note:
Mean Price - CP of cheaper
_ 360-325 _ 35 _ ;
~ 325-310 " 15 ~
.-. they must be mixed in the ratio of 7 : 3.
This result can be obtained directly by applying the
above theorem.
Exercise
In what proportion must wheat at Rs 3.20 per kg be mixed
with wheat at Rs 3.70 per kg, so that the mixture beworth
Rs 3.35 a kg?
a)9:5 b)7:5 c)7:3 d)3:l
1 In what proportion must tea at Rs 14 per kg be mixed
with tea at Rs 18 per kg, so that the mixture beworth Rs
17 a kg?
a) 1:1 b) 1:3 c)2:3 d)3:l
3. In what proportion must coffee at Rs 21 per kg be mixed
with coffee at Rs 28 per kg, so that the mixture beworth
Rs 25 a kg?
a)4:3 b)4:5 c)5:4 d)3:4
4. In what proportion must cotton at Rs 24.50 per kg be
mixed with cotton at Rs 30.50 per kg, so that the mixture
beworth Rs 26 a kg?
a) 3:1 b) 1:3 c)3:2 d)2:3
5. In what proportion must sugar at Rs 16.60 akg be mixed
with sugar at Rs 16.45 a kg so that the mixture may be
worth Rs 16.54 a kg?
a) 2:1 b)2:3 c)3:2 d)4:l
6. In what proportion must tea at Rs 47.50 per kg be mixed
with tea at Rs 50.50 per kg to produce a mixture worth Rs
48.50 per kg?
a)2:l b) 1:2 c)4:l d)3:2
7. In what proportion must a brewer mix beer at Rs 11 alitre
with bear at Rs 6 alitre, so that the mixture may beworth
Rs 8 a litre?
a)2:l b)l:2 c)3:2 d)2:3
8. How must a grocer mix teas at Rs 6 akg and Rs 6.50 a kg
so that the mixture may beworth Rs 6.20 akg.
a)2:3 b)3:2 6)3:1 d) 1:3
9. In what ratio should gold at Rs 15 per gmbe mixed with
gold at Rs 10 per gmso that the resulting mixture be
worth Rs 13 pergm.
a)3:2 b)3:l c) 1:1 d)2:3
10. In what ratio must a grocer mix sugar at 72 paise per kg
with sugar at 48 paise per kg so that by selling the mix-
1
ture at 63 paise per kg he may gain of his outlay?
a) 1:3 b)3:l c)2:3 d)3:2
11. Sugar at Rs 15 per kg is mixed with sugar at Rs 20 per kg
in the ratio 2:3. Find the price per kg of the mixture.
a)Rsl8 b)Rsl 6 c)Rsl7 d)Rsl9
12. A grocer buys black tea at Rs 5.25 per kg and green tea
at Rs 7.50 per kg. How must he mix themso that by
332 PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
1
selling the mixture at Rs 7 per kg he may gain of his
outlay.
a) 1:2' b) 1:3 c)2:l d)3:l
13. In what proportion should water and wine at Rs 22.50 a
litre be mixed to reduce the price to Rs 18 a litre?
a) 1:4 b)4:l c)2:3 d)3:2
14. Currants at Rs 50 per kg are mixed with currants at Rs 90
per kg to make a mixture of 17 kg worth Rs 70 per kg, how
many kilograms of each are taken?
a) 8 kg, 9 kg b) *T kg of each
c) 7 kg, 10 kg d) Noneof these
15. A person bought 60 quintals of rice of two different
sorts for Rs 4642.50. The better sort costs Rs 80 per
quintal and the worse Rs 75.50 per quintal. How many
quintals were there of each sort?
a) 25 quintals, 35 quintals b) 20 quintals, 40 quintals
c) 32 quintals, 28 quintals d) None of these
16. A man has whisky worth Rs 22 a litre and another lot
worth Rs 18 a litre. Equal quantities of these are mixed
with water to obtain a mixtureof 50 litres worth Rs 16 a
litre. Find how much water the mixture contains?
a) 5 litres b) 10 litres c) 15 litres d) 20 litres
Answers
l.c 2.b
8.b 9d
10. a; Hint:
3.d 4. a 5.b 6. a 7.c
1 + 7_ P7 of the cost priceof a kg of the mix-
ture=63 P
63
.-. cost priceof a kg of the mixture- r - 54P
1-
6
Now, applying the given formula, we have
54- 48
the required answer =
72- 54
= 1:3
11. a; Hint:
20- 2 2
Z- 15 3
12. c; Hint: See Q. No. 10.
13. a; Hint: Required proportion
.-. Z =Rs 18perkg
20.50-18
18- 0
[ v Water worths Rs 0 a litre]
4.50
18
= 1:4
90- 70 , ,
14. b; Hint: Required ratio = ^ =' : '
17 1
Hence, ~7~Z ~ " ^ kg of each are taken.
15. a; Hint: Per quintal cost of two different sorts of rice
4642.50
60
Proportion =
Rs 77.375 per quintal
75.50-77.375 _ 1.875
77.375-80 ~2.625
60
= 5:7
The quantity of better sort =7x 5 = 25 quintals and
60 _ .
the quantity of worse sort = x 7= 35 quintals.
16. b; Hint: Two lots of whisky having equal quantities are
mixed.
Let the priceof mixtureof whisky be Rs x per litre.
18- x
.-. - 1 .-. x =Rs20 a litres.
x- 22
Now this mixture is mixed with water and worth Rs 16 a
litre.
Hence, the proportion of water to mixture
20-16
.-. quantity of water
16-0
50
= 1:4
1 + 4
xl =10 litres.
Rule 2
Theorem: The quantity of salt at Rs x per kg that a man
must mix with n kg of salt at Rs v per kg, so that he may, on
selling the mixture at Rs z per kg, gain p% on the outlay is
~\00z-y(l00 + p)
given by , ; x [x ( l 0 0 + p ) _ ] 0 0 z kg-
Note: I f we suppose that the quantity of salt at Rs x be m.
then we have.
m _ l OOz- y(l 00+ p)
n x(l00 + /?)-100z
Illustrative Example
Ex.: How many kg of salt at 42 P per kg must a man mix
with 25 kg of salt at 24 P per kg, so that he may, on
selling the mixture at 40 per kg, gain 25% on the oui-
lay?
Soln: Detail Method:
Let the required amount of salt bex kg.
According to the question,
42xx + 24x25(x + 25)x40x
100
125
Alligation 333
v Selling priceof themixture=40 per kg given
.'. Cost priceof themixture=40 x x (x + 25)
125 v
or, 42x +24x25 =32x +32x25
or,l 0x =25x8 .-. x =20kg.
Method of Alligation:
. - 100
Cost priceof mixture= ^25 P= 32Pperkg....
By theruleof fraction
24
8- 10
Ratio =4:5
Thus for every 5 kg of salt at 24 P, 4 kg of salt at 42 P
is used.
.-. therequired no. of kg =25 * =20 .
Quicker Method: Applying the abovetheorem,
~100x40-24x(lQ0 +25)
Required answer = [ 4 2 x ( 1 0 o+ 25)-100x40
x25
"4000 -3000"
x25 =
"1000"
x25 =
"1000"
.5250 -4000_ .1250.
x25 =20 kg.
Exercise
1. Jaydeep purchased 25 kg of riceat the rateof Rs 16.50
per kg and 35 kg of riceat the rateof Rs 25.50 per kg. He
mixed thetwo and sold themixture. Approximately, at
what priceper kg did hesell themixtureto make25 per
cent profit? (BSRB Mumbai PO1998)
a) Rs 26.50 b)Rs 27.50 c)Rs 28.50 d)Rs 30.00
2. Jagtap purchases 30 kg of wheat at the rateof Rs 11.50
per kg and 20 kg of wheat at the rateof Rs 14.25 per kg.
Hemixed thetwo and sold themixture. Approximately at
what priceper kg should hesell themixtureto make30
per cent profit?
a)Rs 16.30 b)Rs 18.20 c)Rs 15.60 d)Rs 14.80
(BSRB Calcutta PO 1999)
3. Prabhu purchased 30 kg of riceat the rateof Rs 17.50 per
kg and another 30 kg riceat a certain rate. Hemixed the
two and sold theentirequantity at the rateof Rs 18.60
per kg and made20 per cent overall profit. Al l what price
per kg did he purchasethelot of another 30 kg rice?
a) Rs 14.50 b)Rs 12.50 c)Rs 15.50 d)Rs 13.50
(BSRB Chennai PO 2000)
4. A grocer purchased 20 kg of riceat the rateof Rs 15 per
kg and 30 kg of riceat the rateof Rs 13 per kg. At what
priceper kg should hesell themixtureto earn 33%
profit on thecost price?
a) Rs 28.00 b)Rs 20.00 c)Rs 18.40 d)Rs 17.40
(BSRB Delhi PO 2000)
5. A grocer buys two kinds of barley at Re 1.50 P and 95
paiseper kilogramrespectively. In what proportion
should thesebemixed so that by selling themixtureat
Re1.60 P per kilogram, 25% may be gained?
a)3:l b)3:2 c)4:l ~ d)2:3
6. In what proportion must a grocer mix onekind of wheat
at Rs 4.50 per kg with another at Rs 4 per kg in order that
by selling themixtureat Rs 5.20 per kg hemay makea
profit of 20 per cent?
a)3:l b)4:l c)3:2 d)2:l
7. How many kg of salt costing 40 P per kg must bemixed
with 16 kg of salt costing 55 P per kg so that 25 per cent
may begained by selling themixtureat 60 P per kg?
a) 14kg b)16kg c)12kg d)15kg
8. What weight of wheat worth Rs 4.20 per kg should be
mixed with 60 kg of sugar worth Rs 2.70 per kg so that
when themixtureis sold at Rs 3.30 per kg, theremay be
neither gain nor loss.
a) 50 kg b)45kg c)55kg d)40kg
9. Kantilal mixes 80 kg. of sugar worth of Rs. 6.75 per kg.
with 120kg. worthof Rs. 8 per kg. At what rateshall he
sell themixtureto gain 20%?
a)Rs7.50 b)Rs.9 c)Rs.8.20 d)Rs.8.85
(SBIPO Exam1987)
Answers
l a; Hint: 35
l OOxz- 24.50(100 +25)
16.50(l00 +25)-100xz
=25
lOOz-3062.5
or,
2062.5-lOOz 7
or, 700z - 21437.5 =10312.5 - 500z
or,1200z=31750
.\ =Rs 26.458 per kg * Rs 26.50 per kg.
100xz-14.25(l00 +30)l
11.50(l00 +30)-100xz_
2. a; Hint: 20 =30
or,
lOOz-1852.5
1495 -lOOz
or500z =8190
18190
500
Rs 16.38 Rs 16.30
3. d; Hint: 30
100x18.60-^x120
.17.50x120-100x18.60
or, 1860 -120y=2100 -1860 =240
=30
or, 120y=1620 :.y-
1620
120
=Rs 13.50
338
/
PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
Alligation Method: In this question the alligation
method is applicable on prices, so we should get the
average priceof mixture.
SP of mixture= Rs 20/ litre, profit = 25%
.-. average price
Chemical
25
= 20x
100
125
= Rs 16/litre
16-
.-. C:W=16:9
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
have the
reqd ratio =
20
(25- 20)+x25
v ; 100
80 16
45 ~9
= 16:9
Exercise
1. A man buys milk at Rs 7.50 a litre and after adding water
sells it at Rs 9 a litre thereby making profit of 33-^-%.
Find the proportion of water he has added.
a)9:l b)7:l c)9:2 d)3:l
2. A man buys milk at Rs 5 a litre and mixes it with water. By
selling the mixture at Rs 4 a litre he gains 12^- per cent
on his outlay. How much water did each litreof themix-
ture contain?
32
a) ^ litre
13
b) litre
32
c) litre d) Noneof these
3. A milk seller pays Rs 500 per kilolitre for his milk. He
adds water to it and sells the mixture at 56 P a litre, thereby
making altogether 40% profit. Find the proportion of
water to milk which his customers receive,
a) 1:4 b)2:3 c)l:5 d)4:l
4. A person has a chemical of Rs 50 per litre. In what ratio
should water be mixedin that chemical so that after sell-
ing the mixture at Rs 40 per litre he may get a profit of
50%.
a) 8:7 b)9:8 c)10:7 d)4:3
Answers
l.a
2. b; Hint: Required ratio =
32
= = 32:13
The quantity of water that the each litreof the mixture
contains =
13 , 13
xl = litre
32 +13 45
3. a; Hint: Here, x =
500
1000
Ratio of milk to water=
= 50/>,y = 56P,P = 40%
56
(50- 56)+x50
v ' 100
1 = 4,
1
.-. required answer (ie ratio of water to milk) = 1:4.
4. a
Rule 8
Theorem: A person travels D km in Thours in two stages
In thefirst part of the journey, he travels by bus at the spee:
ofx km/hr. In the second part of the journey, he travels
train at the speed ofy km/hr. Then the distance travelled h
bus is
yT-D
y-x
x km and the distance travelled by train .
D-xT
y-x
y km.
Illustrative Example
Ex.: A person travels 285 kmin 6 hours in two stages. ix
thefirst part of the journey, he travels by bus at th
speedof 40 kmper hr. In the second part of the jour-
ney, he travels by train at the speed of 55 kmper sr.
How much distance did he travel by train?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the person travels for* hours S
thetrain.
.-, Time for which he travels by bus = (6-x) hours
The distance travelled by train = 55 x x km and
the distance travelled by bus f (6 - x) 40i km
According to the question,
40(6- x) +55;c=285
15x = 45 :. xm 3 hours.
Distance travelledby train = 55 x 3 = 165 km.
Alligation Method: In this question, the alligatic*
method is applicable for the speed.
Speed of bus Speedof trait
40^ ^ 55
Average Speed
.-. time spent in bus : time spent in train
= ^ = l : l
6 6
.-. distance travelled by train = 55 x 3 = 165 km.
Alligation
Quicker Method: Applying the abovetheorem, we
have
285-40x6 c c ,
read distance=rtx55 =3x55 =165 km.
n 55-40
Exercise
1. A person travels 255 kmin 7 hoursin two stages. In the
first part of the journey, he travels by bus at the speedof
30 kmper hr. In the secondpart of the journey, he travels
by train at the speedof 45 kmper hr. How much distance
did he travel by bus?
a) 120 km b) 135 km c) 145 km d) 125 km
2. A person travels 245 kmin 6 hoursin two stages. In the
first part of the journey, he travels by bus at the speedof
30 kmper hr. In the secondpart of the journey, he travels
by train at the speedof 50 kmper hr. How much distance
did he travel by train?
a) 162.5 km b) 82.5 km c) 164 km d)83km
3. A person travels 490 kmin 6 hoursin two stages. In the
first part of the journey, he travels by bus at the speedof
60 kmper hr. In the secondpart of the journey, he travels
by train at the speedof 100 kmper hr. What is the ratio
between distancestravelledby bus and train?
a)65:33 b)5:3 c)3:5 d)33:65
4. A man travels a distanceof200 kmin 4 hours, partly by
bus at 40 km/hr andthe rest by train at 75 km/hr. Findthe
distancecovered in each part?
5 2
a)85ykm, 114ykm
2 5
b) U 4- km, 85- km
2 5 5 2
c) 84-km, H5- km d) H5ykm, 84-km
Answers
l .a 2. a 3.d 4.b
Rule 9
Theorem: A trader has N kg of certain item, part of which
he sells atx% profit and the rest aty% profit He gains P%
on the whole. The quantity of item sold at x% profit is
(y-P}
N
kg and the quantity of item sold aty% profit
is given by
N
kg.
y ~ x .
Illustrative Example
Ex A trader has 50 kg of pulses, part of which he sellsat
8% profit andthe rest at 18% profit. He gains14% on
the whole. What is the quantity soldat 18% profit?
Ex.: Detail Method:
Let the quantity soldat 18% profit bex kg. Then the
quantity soldat 8% profit wi l l be (50 -x) kg.
For a matter of convenience supposethat the priceof
pulseis 1 rupeeper kg.
Then priceof x kg pulse=Rsx andpriceof (50 - x) kg
pulse=Rs (50 -x)
Now we get an equation,
18% of* +8%of (50-x) =14%of 50
=> 18x +8(50-x) =14x50
=> 10x =300 .-. x =30
By Alligation Method:
I Part
8% profit
II Part
18% profit
14%
(mean profit)
4%' ^
=4:6 = 2:3
Therefore the quantity soldat 18% profit
= - ^- x3 =30 ke
2+3 B '
Quicker Method: Applying the abovetheorem, we
have
the required quantity
14-8
18-8 J
X 5 0 :
10
x 50 =30
kg-
Exercise
1. A trader has 25 kg of rice, part of which he sellsat 4%
profit and the rest at 9% profit. He gains 7% on the
whole. What is the quantity soldat 9% profit?
a) 15kg b)10kg c)18kg d)12kg
2. A trader has 100 kg of wheat, part of which he sellsat
16% profit andthe rest at 36% profit. He gains28% on
the whole. What is the quantity soldat 36% profit?
a) 50 kg b)60kg c)45kg d)65kg
3. A trader has 40 kg of pulses, part of which he sellsat
10% profit andthe rest at 20% profit. He gains16% on
the whole. What is the quantity soldat 20% profit?
a) 28 kg b)30kg c)24kg d)26kg
Answers
l .a 2.b 3.c
Rule 10
Theorem: A trader has N kg of a certain item, a part of
which he sells atx% profit and the rest ofy% loss. He gains
P% on the whole. Then the quantity sold at x% profit is
given by
is given by
\(P+y^
N
[x + yj
kg and the quantity sold aty% loss
x + y
N
kg.
Illustrative Example
Ex.: A trader has 50 kg of rice, a part of which he sellsat
340 PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
Soln:
Note:
10% profit and the rest at 5% loss. He gains 7% on
the whole. What is the quantity sold at 10% gain and
5% loss?
Detail Method: Let the quantity sold at 10% profit be
xkg.
Then the quantity sold at 5% losswi ll be (50-x) kg.
For a matter of convenience suppose that the price of
rice is1 rupee per kg.
Then priceof x kg rice =Rs x and priceof (50 - x) kg
rice =Rs(50-;t)
Now we get an equation,
10% profit of x +5% lossof (50 - x ) =7% gain of 50
or, 10% of x - 5% of (50 - x) =7% of 50
or, 10x-250 +5x =350
.-. x =40kgand(50-x) =50-40=10kg.
Therefore, the quantity sold at 10% profit =40 kg and
the quantity sold at 5% loss =50 - 40 =10 kg.
Alligation Method:
I I Part
1
^ -3
.-. Ratio of quantities sold at 10% profit and 5% loss
=12:3 =4:1
Therefore, the quantity sold at 10% profit
= - ^- x 4 =40kg
4 +1 s
and the quantity sold at 5% loss =50 - 40 =10 kg.
Whenever there is loss, take the negative value. Here,
difference between 7 and (-5) =7 - (-5) =7 +5=12.
Never take the difference that counts negative value.
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
have
r 7+5
Quantity sold at 10% profit =
.10 +5
12
15
150
x50 =40 kg.
(10-7
Quantity sold at 5% loss =I J Q + < ;
x50 m
10 kg.
Exercise
1. A trader has 90 kg of pulse, a part of which he sells at
20% profit and the rest at 10% loss. He gains 14% on the
whole. What is the quantity sold at 20% gain and 10%
loss?
a) 72 kg, 18 kg b) 70 kg, 20 kg
c) 62 kg, 28 kg d) None of these
2 A trader has 45 kg of wheat, a part of which he sells at
30% profit and the rest at 15% loss. He gains21% on the
whole. What is the quantity sold at 30% gain and 15%
/loss?
a) 26 kg, 19 kg b) 36 kg, 9 kg
c) 3 5 kg, 10 kg d) None of these
3. A trader has 40 kgof tea, a part of which he sells at 12%
profit and the rest at 8% loss. He gains 9% on the whole.
What is the quantity sold at 12% gain and 8% loss?
a) 30 kg, 10 kg ' b) 32 kg, 8 kg
c) 33 kg, 7 kg d) 34 kg, 6 kg
Answers
l.a 2.b 3.d
Rule 11
Theorem: A trader has N kg of a certain item, a part of
which he sells at x% profit and the rest aty% loss. On the
whole his loss is P%. Then the quantity sold atx% profit is
N kg and the quantity sold aty% loss is given by
Kx + y
fx+f}
x + y
N kg.
Illustrative Example
Ex.: A trader has 50 kgof rice, a part of which he sells at
14% profit and the rest at 6% loss. On the whole his
loss is 4%. What is the quantity sold at 14% profit
and that at 6% loss?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the quantity sold at 14% profit be
x kg. Then the quantity sold at 6% losswi ll be (50-x)
kg.
For a matter of convenience suppose that the price of
rice is1 rupee per kg.
Then priceof x kg rice =Rs x and priceof (50 - x ) kg
rice =Rs(50-x)
Now, we have
14% profit of x +6% lossof (50-x) =4% lossof 50
or, 14% of J C - 6% of (50-x) = -4% of 50
or, 14x-300 +6;t =-200
or,2Qx=100
.-. * =5kg
and 50-x =50-5 =45 kg.
Therefore, the quantity sold at 14% profit =5 kg and
the quantity sold at 6% loss =45 kg.
Alligation Method:
I Part
{as there is loss on
the whole)
18
,-. ratio of quantities sold at 14% profit and 6% loss
=2:18 =1:9
,-. quantity sold at 14% profit =J ^ x 1 = 5 kg
Alligation
341
Note:
and sold at 6%loss =50 - 5 =45 kg.
Numbersin thethird lineshould always be+ve. That
is why (-) 6 - (-)4 =-2 is not taken under consider-
ation.
Quicker Method: Applying theabovetheorem,
Quantity sold at 14%profit
6-4
14+6
x50 =5
kg and
thequantity sold at 6%loss:
f 14+4
14+6
x 50=45
kg-
Exercise
1. A trader has 40 kg of rice, a part of which hesells at 28%
profit and therest at 12%loss. On thewholehis loss is
8%. What is thequantity sold at 28%profit and that at
12% loss?
a) 4kg, 36kg b) 10kg, 30 kg
c) 8kg, 32 kg d) Noneof these
2. A trader has 48 kg of rice, a part of which hesells at 16%
profit and therest at 8%loss. On thewholehis loss is
6%. What is thequantity sold at 16%profit and that at
8% loss?
a) 42kg, 6kg b) 44kg, 4 kg
c) 4kg, 44 kg d) 6kg, 42 kg
3. A trader has 44 kg of rice, a part of which hesells at 26%
profit and therest at 18%loss. On thewholehis loss is
16%. What is thequantity sold at 26%profit and that at
18% loss?
a) 2kg, 42kg b) 4kg, 40 kg
c) 42kg, 2kg d) 40kg, 4 kg
Answers
l .a 2.c 3.a
Rule 12
Theorem: A person's expenditure and savings are in the
ratio a : b. His income increases by x%. His expenditure
also increases byy%. His percentage increase in saving is
given by
+1
Illustrative Example
Ex.: Mira's expenditureand saving arein theratio 3 : 2.
Her incomeincreases by 10%. Her expenditurealso
increases by 12%. By how many % does her saving
increase?
Soln: Detail Method: Let theMira's expenditureand sav-
ing beRs3x and Rs2x
Mira's income=3x + 2x = 5x
. 110 11
Increased income= x =
_ 112 84
Increased expenditure= x - x
11 84 107x
Increased saving =" y* - 2 5 ^~~ $q
I07x _lx
Increasein saving = 2x
50
% increasein saving =
Alligation Method:
Expenditure
12
(% increasein exp)
Ix
50x2x
50
-xl 00 =7%
Saving
x
(% increasein saving)
3 2 (given)
Weget two valuesof x, 1 and 13. But to get a viable
answer, wemust keep in mind that thecentral value
(10 ) must liebetween x and 12. Thus thevalueof x
should be7 and not 13.
.-. required %increase=7%
Quicker Method: Applying theabovetheorem, we
have
therequired percentageincreasein saving
-+4 1x10- - xl 2
=25-18 =7%.
Exercise
1. Ritu's expenditureand saving arein theratio 5 : 2. Her
incomeincreases by 12%. Her expenditurealso increases
by 14%. By how many % does her saving increase?
a) 14% b)7% c)8% d)9%
2. Sita's expenditureand saving arein theratio 5:3. Her
incomeincreases by 15%. Her expenditurealso increases
by 9%. By how many % does her saving increase?
a) 20% b)30% c)25% d)24%
3. Ranju's expenditureand saving arein theratio 4: 5. Her
incomeincreases by 25%. Her expenditurealso increases
by 35%. By how many % does her saving increase?
a) 15% b)16% c)18% d) 17%
Answers
l .b 2.c 3.d
Rule 13
Theorem: A vessel of L litres is filled with liquid A and B.
x% of A andy% of Bis taken out of the vessel It is found
that the vessel is vacated by z%. Then the initial quantity of
342 PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
L litres and
x-y
liquid A and B Is given by
litres respectively.
Illustrative Example
Ex.: A vessel of 80 litres is filled with milk and water. 70%
of milk and 30%of water is taken out of the vessel. It
is found that the vessel is vacated by 55%. Find the
initial quantity of milk and water.
Soln: Detail Method: Let theinitial quantity of milk be x
litres. Therefore, initial quantity of water =(80 - x)
litres.
According to the question,
70% of* +30%of (80-x) =55%of 80
or, 70* +2400 -30x =4400
or,40x=2000
.-. x =50 litres.
Initial quantity of water =(80 - 50) =30 litres.
Alligation Method: Here the % values of milk and water that
is taken from the vessel should be taken into consid-
eration.
Milk
70%-
25%
=> 5:3
Ratio of milk to water =5
80
.-. quantity of milk =
Water
30%
15%
and quantity of water:
5 +3
80
5 +3
x5 = 50 litres.
x3 = 30 litres.
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem,
Initial quantity of milk
f 55-30^ o n 25 r t n
= x 80 = x 80 = 50 litre,.
1,70-30 J 40 1 1 I r e s -
Initial quantity of water
'70-55"
70-30,
x 80 = -^x80 = 30 l i t r e s .
Exercise
1. A vessel of 120 litres is filled with milk and water. 80% of
milk and 40% of water is taken out of the vessel. It is
found that the vessel is vacated by 65%. What is the
ratio of milk to water?
a) 5:3 b)6:5
c)3:5 d)4:3
2. A vessel of 40 litres is filled with milk and water. 75%of
milk and 35% of water is taken out of the vessel. It is
found that the vessel is vacated by 60%. Find theinitial
quantity of milk and water.
a) 25 litres, 15 litres b) 30 litres, 10 litres
c) 22 litres, 18 litres d) Noneof these
3. A vessel of 80 litres is filled with milk and water. 65% of
milk and 25% of water is taken out of the vessel. It is
found that the vessel is vacated by 50%. Find theinitial
quantity of milk and water,
a) 45 litres, 35 litres b) 50 litres, 30 litres
c) 55 litres, 25 litres d) None of these
Answers
l.a 2.a 3.b
Rule 14
Theorem: In a group, there are some 4-legged creatures
and some 2-legged creatures. If heads are counted, there
arex and ifleggs are counted there arey, then the no. of 4-
(y-2xs
legged creatures are gi%>en by
or
Total legs - 2 x Total heads
and the no. of 2-legged
, (4x-y) (Ax Total heads- Total legs
creatures are given by z \
Illustrative Example
Ex.: In a zoo, there are rabbits and pigeons. I f heads are
counted, there are 200 and i f legs are counted, there
are 580. How many pigeons are there?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the no. of rabbits be R and the
pigeons be P.
According to the question,
R +P =200 (i)and
4R+2P=580....(ii)
[ v Rabbits are 4-legged creatures and pigeons are 2-
legged creatures.]
From solving eqn (i) and (ii) we get
R =90, andP=110
.-. No. of rabbits =90 and
No. of pigeons =110.
Alligation Method: Ruleof Alligation is applicable
on number of legs per head, y
Average number of legs per head:
580
200
29
To
Rabbit: Pigeons =9:11
I
Alligation
% of water in the resulting mixture =y^y x 100 - 30%
-100%
30%
Therefore, the ratio in which the mixture and water are
1
to be added is1 : or 9 : 1
729 ,
Then quantity of water to be added = 1
= 81 litres.
Fractional value =>Change the ratio into fraction.
J ^i . 2
Fraction of water in the original mixture =
Fraction of water in the resulting mixture = ~
7 \
10 90
Therefore, the ratio in which the mixture and water are
7 7 1 _
to be added is f ^: ^ = 1 : y = 9 : 1
Then quantity of water to be added to the mixture =
729
= 81 litres.
Exercise
1. 56 litresof a mixture containsmilk and water in the ra:;c
5 :2. How much water is to be added to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the ratio 5:3?
a) 9 litres b) 6 litres c) 7 litres d) 8 litres
2. 36 litresof a mixture containsmilk and water in the ratio
2:1. How much water is to be added to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the ratio 1:1?
a) 12 litres b) 16 litres c) 8 litres d) 15 litres
3. 25 litresof a mixture containsmilk and water in the ratio
3:2. How much water is to be added to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the ratio 3 :4?
a) 12 litres b) 8 litres c) 10 litres d) 14 litres
Answers
l .d 2.a 3.c
Rule 17
Theorem: Ifx glasses of equal size arefilled with a mixture
of spirit and water. The ratio of spirit and water in each
glass are as follows: a, : bx, a2 : b2,... ax : bx. If the con-
tents of all the x glasses are emptied into a single vessel,
then proportion of spirit and water in it is given by
a, + 6, a2 + b2
- + ... + -
dr.
a, + br
- + ... + -
{a^+b, a2+b2 ax+bx
Illustrative Example
Ex.: In three vessels each of 10 litres capacity, mixture of
milk and water is filled. The ratios of milk and water
are2 : 1,3 : 1 and3 :2 in the three respective vessels.
I f all the three vessels are emptied into a single large
vessel, find the proportion of milk and water in the
mixture.
Soln: By the above theoremthe required ratio is
f 2 3 1 2 ^
U + l 3 + 1 3 + 2; 1,2 + 1 3 + 1 3 + 2
2 3 3
+ + -
3 4 5
1 1 2
- + +
3 4 5
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem,
7 3 W A
required amount of water
1*1
7
1
1 + -
x729
3_ 7__2
7*9 9
1 2} 729
x729 = = 81 i i t r eS.
3 9)
40 + 45 + 36 20 + 15 + 24
3x4x5 3x4x5
= 121:59
x 729 Note: This question can also be solved without using the
theorem. For convenience in calculation, youwill have
to suppose the capacity of the vessels to be theLCM
of (2 + 1), (3 + 1) and(3 + 2), i.e. 60 litres. Because it
hardly matters whether the capacity of each vessel is
10 litres or 60 litres or 1000 litres. The only thing is
that they should have equal quantity of mixture.
Exercise
1. Three equal glasses arefilled with a mixtureof spirit and
348 PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
Total cost of the mixture =Rs 3000 +Rs 3240=R 6240
From the question,
6240 A O n ,, 6240
=480 or 11 +* = =13
U +jt ' 480
' x =2 kilolitres.
Alligation Method: This question should be solved
by the methodof alligation.
Cost of milk whentwo qualities aremixed
5x600+6x540 6240
: Rs per kilolitre.
5 +6 11
Cost of water =Rs 0/ kilolitre.
So, First mixture(milk) Second mixture (water)
6240
Ratio of milk and water =480:
960
11
1
11
=11:2
Which implies that 11 kilolitres of milk shouldbe mixed
with 2 kilolitres of water. Thus 2 kilolitres of water
should be added.
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
have
the required amount of water
5x (600 - 480)+6x (540 - 480)
480
5x120 +6x60 _ 960
~~ 480 480
- 2 kilolitres.
Exercise
1. A man mixes 5 kilolitres of milk at Rs 6000 per kilolitre
with 6 kilolitres at Rs 5400, and with sufficient water to
make the average value Rs 4800 per kilolitre. How many
kilolitres of water has he added?
a) 2 kilolitres b) 4 kilolitres
c) 3 kilolitres d) 1.5 kilolitres
2. A man mixes6 kilolitres of milk at Rs 650 per kilolitre with
7 kilolitres at Rs 600, and with sufficient water to make
the average value Rs 540 per kilolitre. How many kilolitres
of water has he added?
a) 3 kilolitres b) 2 kilolitres
c) 4 kilolitres d) None of these
3. A man mixes 6 kilolitres of milk at Rs 325 per kilolitre with
9 kilolitres at Rs 300, and with sufficient water to make
the average value Rs 270 per kilolitre. How many kilolitres
of water has he added?
a) 2 kilolitres
, 1 ,
c) 3-kilolitres
1
b) 2 kilolitres
^2
d) 6 j kilolitres
l.a 2.b
Ex.:
Soln:
Note:
3.a
Rule 21
I n an alloy, zinc and copper arein the ratio 1 :2. I n the
second alloy the same elements arein the ratio 2 :3. I n
what ratio should thesetwo alloys bemixed to form a
new alloy in which the two elements arein ratio 5 : 8?
Detail Method: Let them bemixedin the ratio x: y
Then, in 1st alloy, Zinc = and Copper =
2nd alloy, Zinc = and Copper =
x 1y 2x 3y
Now, we have +'-%* ~ + ~J~ =5: 8
2x
y
5x + 6y 5
or.
or, 40* +48^ =50^ + 45^
or, 10x =3y
10x +9>'
3_
' y~\0
Thus, the required ratio =3:10.
By Method of Alligation:
Y ou must know that we can apply this rule over the
fractional valueof either zinc or copper. Let us con-
sider the fractional valueof zinc.
Therefore, they should bemixed in the ratio
1 39 1 2 1 39 3
Ts'w o r ' ^x T= To o r 3 : 1
Now, we try to solve it by taking fractional value of
Copper.
1st alloy 2nd alloy
2 3
3 5
Alligation
349
Therefore, they should be mixed in the ratio
1 2 1 39 3
x
65 ' 39 r ' 65X 2 10
or, 3: 10
Exercise
In an alloy, zinc and copper are in the ratio 1 : 3. In the
second alloy the same elements are in the ratio 3 : 4. In
what ratio should these two alloys be mixed to forma
new alloy in which the two elements are in ratio 5 :4?
1)7:11 b)4:11 c)5:l l d)Noneofthese
1 In an alloy, zinc and copper are in the ratio 2 : 3. I n the
second alloy the same elements are in the ratio 4 : 5. I n
what ratio should these two alloys be mixed to forma
new alloy in which the two elements are in ratio 6 : 5?
a) 5:36 b)25:36 c)35:36 d) Noneof these
In an alloy, zinc and copper are in the ratio 3 : 4. I n the
second alloy the same elements are in the ratio 4 : 5. I n
'.vhat ratio should these two alloys be mixed to forma
new alloy in which the two elements are in ratio 7:3?
a)161:181 b) 171:181 c) 161:171 d) 151:161
Ajar full of whisky contains 40% of alcohol. A part of
this whisky is replaced by another containing 19% alco-
hol and now the percentage of alcohol was found to be
26. The quantity of whisky replaced is:
b)
1
d)
(Hotel Management, 1991)
wers
2.b 3.c
Hint: Ratio of alcohol to whisky in the Jar=40:60 = 2:3.
Ratio of alcohol to whisky in another jar =19:81.
Ratio of alcohol to whisky in the new mixture =26:74 =
1337
Now, applying the givenalligation method, we have
2 J9_
\ 100
7 / \_
100 50
. ratio of alcohol to whisky in the replaced mixture
7 7
100 50
quantity of whisky replaced =
= 1:2
2
T+2~"
2
3 '
Rule 22
rem: If a person buys n kg of an itemat the rate of Rs
kg. If he sells mkg at a profit ofx%, then the rate per
kg, at which he should sell the remaining to get a profit of
y% on the total deal, is given by Rs P
1 +
ny - mx
(-/n)l 00
Illustrative Example
Ex.: Jayshree purchased 150 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs
7 per kg. She sold 50 kg at a profit of 10%. At what
rate per kg should she sell the remaining to get a
profit of 20% on the total deal?
Soln: Detail Method:
Selling price of 150 kg wheat at 20% profit
120
=150x7 | =Rsl260
1100,
Selling price of 50 kg wheat at 10% profit
=50x7|I =Rs385
UooJ
.-, Selling price per kg of remaining 100 kg wheat
1260-385
100
=Rs8.75
By Method of Alligation: Selling price per kg at 10%
profit =Rs 7.70
Selling price per kg at 20% profit =Rs 8.40
Now, the two lots are in ratio =1:2
8.4-7.7 0.7
x _ 8.4 = =0.35
2
.\ =8.75
x-8.4
.-. Selling price per kgof remaining 100 kg =Rs 8.75
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
have
the required answer =
150x20-50x10
(l50-50)xlOO
+ 1 x7
3000-500
100x100
+ 1 x7
-x7
35
=Rs8.75 per kg.
Exercise
1. Sugandha purchased 160 kg of rice at the rate of Rs 25
per kg. She sold 60 kg at a profit of 20%. At what rate per
kg should she sell the remaining to get a profit of 30% on
the total deal?
350
PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATH
a)Rsl7 b)Rs24 c)Rs31 d)Rs34
2. Sunanda purchased 80 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs 10
per kg. She sold 30kg at aprofit of 10%. At what rate per
kg should she sell the remaining to get aprofit of 15% on
thetotal deal?
a)Rsll.8 b)Rsl0.8 c)Rsl l d)Rs 10.75
3. Mala purchased 75 kg of pulses at the rateof Rs 8 per kg.
She sold 25 kg at aprofit of 5%. A t what rate per kg
should she sell the remaining to get aprofit of 10% on
thetotal deal?
a)Rs8.25 b)Rs9.50 c)Rs9 d)Rs9.75
Answers
l . d 2.a 3.c
Rule 23
Theorem: A container contains xpart milk andy part wa-
ter. From this container, 'a' part of the mixture is taken out
and replaced by water. Now, half of the container contains
milk and another half contains water. The value of 'a' is
given by
y
part.
Illustrative Example
Ex.: A container contains 7 part milk and 3 part water.
How many parts of mixture should be taken out and
replaced by water so that container contains half milk
and half water.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the container contain 1 litre of
mixture
Amount of milk =
10
litre and the amount of water
= - litre.
Now, let us supposethat x part of themixture is taken
2__7x
10 10
out. In the container amount of milk =
3x
litres and the amount of water | litres.
I f container is replaced by x part of water, then the
amount of water in the container becomes
( 3 3x ^
+ x
Uo 10
litres.
As per the question
7__7x t
10 10 _ 2
~ 1^
2
3 3x
+ x
\ 10
or, 7770-*) = 7^0- *)+*
10 10
or, ( l - * ) - * or x
' 5 5
.. part of the mixture is taken out.
Alligation Method: Let us supposethat initially
tainer containsx litresof themixture, then
Ix 3x .
Mi lk: Water= : = 7:3
Now, applying thealligation method,
Mixture Water
Now, according to the question,
taken out mixture = replaced water = part.
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem,
the required answer <
1( 7- 31 2
? part.
Exercise
1. A vessel is filled with aliquid, 3 partsof which are d
and 5 parts syrup. How much of the mixture mus:
drawn off and replaced with water so that themixt
may behalf water and half syrup?
a)
1
c) d)
1
5 b ) 7~ " 5 "MO
A cask contains 3 parts ale and1 part porter. How
of the mixture must be drawnoff and porter substir.
in order that the resulting mixture may behalf and \
1 - 1 1 2
2 C ) I d ) i
a) b)
3. A container contains 8 parts milk and 4 parts water,
many partsof mixture should be taken out and rep
by water so that container contains half milk and
water.
1
a) parts
1 1 1 J
b) - parts c) - parts d) - par
Alligation
3 5:
.-. Finally, the bottle contains dettol and water in the
ratio 16:65.
Exercise
1. Froma cask of wine, containing 64 litres, 8 litres are
drawn out and the cask is filled up with water. I f the same
process is repeated a second, then a third time, what will
be the number of litresof wine left in the cask?
4.
5.
6.
a) 42- i k g
b) 42- kg =) 48
7
2. Froma vessel filled with alcohol, 7 of its contents is
kg
1_
5
d) 42- k g
removed, and the vessel is then filled up with water. I f
this be done 5 times in succession, what proportion of
the alcohol originally contained in the vessel will have
been removed from it?
a)
1024
b)
2101
c)
1024
d) Noneof these
3125 ' 3125 ' 2101
Froma caskfull of spirits one-hundredth part is drawn
and the cask filled with water. Fromthe mixture one-
hundredth part is drawn and the cask again filled with
water, and a similar operation is again performed. Find
the ratio of the quantity of wine left in the cask to the
original quantity after the third operation,
a)970299:1000000 b)29701:1000000
c)970399:1000000 d)971099:1000000
Froma caskof wine containing 25 litres, 5 litres are with
drawn and the cask is filled with water. The process is
repeated a second and then a third time. Find the ratio of
wine to water in the resulting mixture.
a)64:61 b)61:64 c)51:54 d) 46:61
A vessel contains 125 litresof wine. 25 litresof wine was
taken out of the vessel and replaced by water. Then 25
litres of mixture was withdrawn and again replaced by
water. The operation was repeated for third time. How
much wine is now left in the vessel?
a) 54 litres b) 25 litres c) 64 litres d) Noneof these
Froma cask of wine, containing 64 litres, 8 litres are
drawn out and the cask is filled up with water. I f the same
process is repeated a second, then a third time, what will
be the proportion of wine to water in the resulting mix-
ture?
a)343:169 b) 343 :512 c)169:343 d)512:343
7. A vessel contains 24 litresof milk. 4 litres are withdrawn
and replaced by water. The process is repeated a second
time. Find the ratio of milk to water in the resulting mix-
ture?
a)25:36 b)36:11 c) 11:25 d) 25:11
Answers
1. d; Hint: Required answer
= 1
_8_
64
x64 = x64
^ kg
2. b; Hint: The alcohol now contained in the vessel
\i /...\
v1 5
1024
Required answer =1
3125
1024 2101
3125 3125
3. a
4. a; Hint: Quantity of a wine left in the cask
1- I l V4
5J
64
125
64 _ 61
125 V 125
Quantity of water left in the cask =1
64 / 61 64
.-.required ratio = / = - =64:61.
5 c: Hint: Amount of wine left l---*> 1~7>TJ
64
= 125 x =64 litres
125
6. a; Hint: Required proportion
S 3
343
512
1- 1
I V x_343
= 343:169.
tj : | -
7.d; Hint: See Noteof the given rule.
Rule 29
Theorem: 'L' litres are drawn from a caskfull of water and
it is then filled with milk. After n operations, if the quantity
of water now left in the cask is to that of milk in it as a: b,
then the capacity of cask is given by
1-
a + b
litres.
Illustrative Example
Ex.: Nine litres are drawn from a caskfull of water and it is
then filled with milk. Nine litresof mixture are drawn
and the cask is again filled with milk. The quantity of
water now left in the cask is to that of the milk in it as
16:9. How much does the cask hold?
Soln: Here no. of operations are 2
.-. n =2
Applying the above theorem, we have
356
PRACTI CE BOOK ON QUI CKER MATHS
the capacity of the cask
9
1
= 9x5 = 45 litres.
Exercise
1. Eight litres are drawnoff from a vessel full of water and
substituted by puremilk. Again eight litres of themix-
ture are drawn off and substituted by puremilk. I f the
vessel now contains water and milk in the ratio 9 : 40,
find the capacity of the vessel.
a) 14 litres b) 24 litres
c) 16 litres d) 12 litres
2. Ten litresof wine are drawn from a vessel full of wine. It
is then filled up with water. Ten litresof the mixture are
drawn and the vessel is again filled up with water. The
ratio of the quantity of wine now left in the vessel is to
that of the water in it as 144:25. Find the capacity of the
vessel.
a) 135 litres b) 120 litres
c) 130 litres d) None of these
3. 19 litres are drawn from a vessel full of spirit and it is
filled with water. Then 19 litresof the mixture are drawn
and the vessel is again filled with water. The ratio of the
spirit to water now present in the vessel is 81:19. What is
thefull capacity of the vessel?
a) 190 litres b) 180 litres
c) 170 litres d) 195 litres
4. 6 litres are drawn from a cask full of wine and it is then
filled with water. 6 litresof the mixture are drawn and the
cask is again filled with water. The quantity of wine now
left in the cask is to that of the water init as 121:23. How
much does the cask hold?
a) 54 litres b) 62 litres c) 70 litres d) 72 litres
Answers
l.a 2.c 3.a 4.d
Miscellaneous
1. There aretwo vesselsof equal capacity, onefull of milk,
and the second one-thirdfull of water. The second ves-
sel is then filled up out of the first, the contents of the
second are then poured back into thefirst till it isfull and
then again the contents of thefirst are poured back into
the secondtill it isfull. What is the proportionof milk in
the second vessel?
20 20 37 27
a ) 37 b) 27 c) Io" d)Yo
2. Three lumpsof gold, weighing respectively 6,5,4 g and
of 15,14, 12 carats fineness are mixed together, what
is the fineness of the resulting compound?
a) 14 carats b) 16 carats c) 12 carats d) 18 carats
3. In what ratio must a person mix three kinds of wheat
costinghim Rs 1.20, Rs 1.44 and Rs 1.74 per kg, so that
the mixture may beworth Rs 1.41 per kg?
a)l l :77:7 b)7:11:77
c) 11:7:77 d) Noneof these
4. Fresh fruit contains 72% water and dry fruit contains
20% water. How much dry fruit from 100 kg of fresh fruit
can be obtained?
a) 32 kg b)33kg c)30kg d)35kg
(MBA 1991)
5. In two alloys, copper and zinc are relatedin the ratiosof
4:1 and 1:3.10 kg of 1 st alloy 16kg of 2nd alloy and some
of pure copper are melted together. An alloy was ob-
tained in which the ratio of copper to zinc was 3:2. Find
the weight of the new alloy.
a) 34 kg b)35kg c)36kg d)30kg
(MBA 1984)
Answers
1. b; Let M be the vessel containing milk and W the vessel
containing water.
First Vessel Second Vessel
1st operation 1M
2nd operation M
1
1. . 2( 1_ 1 7 2. .
3rd operation ^M +- l - W +- M
W
- W +- M
3 3
1(1 2 '
- W +- M
.3 3 ,
4th operation
- M +- ( - W + - M
3 313 3
- W +M +
313 3 J 3
1.. 2( 1, . , 2. /
- M+- W+M
3 3l 3 I
Simplifying the quantity on theright hand side, we ge:
the proportionsof water and milk in the second vessel
1 O O i l 1 A
- W +- M +- J - M +- W +- M
9 9 3 13 9 9
W +M+M+W + M
9 9 9 27 27
2 2 8
proportionof mi lk = - M +- M + M
27
20
27
M
20
27
of the second vessel ismilk.
Alligation
2. a; Finenessof thecompound
6x15 + 5x14 + 4x12-
?_ carats
210
15
6+ 5x4
or 14 carats.
3. a; Step I . M ix wheatsof first andthird kind to get a mix-
tureworth Rs1.41 per kg.?
CP. of 1 kg wheat CP. of 1kg wheat
of 1 st kind of 3rd type
120PV 174P
Mean prices
141P
33
By alligation rule:
(Quantity of 1st kind of wheat) _ 33 _ 11
(Quantity of 3rdkind of wheat) ~21 ~7
i.e., they must bemixedin theratio 11:7.
Step I I . M ix wheats of 1st and 2ndkind to obtain a
mixtureworthof Rs1.41 per kg.
CP. of 1 kg wheat
of 2nd kind
144P
CP. of 1 kg wheat
of 1st kind
120 P.
>y, Mean Price
S 141P
3 /
:. By alligation rule:
(Quantity of 1st kind of wheat) 3
(Quantity of 2ndkind of wheat) 21
i.e., they must bemixedin theratio 1 : 7.
(Quantity of 2ndkind of wheat)
T h u s ' (Quantity of 3rdkind of wheat)
(Quantity of 2nd kind of wheat)
(Quantity of 1st kind of wheat)
357
(Quantity of 1st kind of wlieatI
(Quantity of 3rd kind of wheal)
7 11
x
1 7
. Quantitiesof wheat of (1 st kind: 2ndkind: 3rdkind |
7
= 1:7:
11
= 11:77:7
4. d; Weareconcerned with solid part of thefruit (pure
portion). Assumex kg of dry fruit isobtained.
.-. Solid part in freshfruit = Solid part in dry fruit
or, 0.28x 100 = 0.8 x x
or, x = 35 kg.
.-. 35 kg of dry fruit can beobtainedfrom100 kg fresh
fruit.
5. b; Heretwo alloysaremixed to forma third alloy, hence
quantity of only oneof theingredientsin each of the
alloy wi l l beconsidered. [Refer toRule 21]
Here, purecopper isalso added, hence, quantity of
copper in all thethreealloy wi l l beconsidered.
L et theamount of purecopper = x kg.
.. purecopper + copper in 1st alloy + copper in 2nd
alloy = copper in 3rdalloy
or, x + xl 0 + xl 6 = (l0 + 16 + x)
5 4 5V ;
J
or, 12 + x = - (26+ ;c)
5V '
or, x = 9 kg
.-. Weight of new alloy = 10 + 16 + 9 = 35 kg
Note: In placeof purecopper, i f purezinc wereadded then
quantity of zinc in all thethreealloyshaveto becon-
sidered for finding theweight of thenew alloy.