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Lun vn cao hc Nghin cu mch lc tch cc song song 3 pha 4 dy
1

CHNG 1

KHI NIM V SNG HI

Chng 1 nhc li mt s kin thc c bn v sng hi, tc dng ca
sng hi i vi li in cng nh a ra mt s phng php hn ch sng
hi.

Ni dung chng 1 gm 4 phn chnh :
1.1 Khi nim v sng hi
1.2 nh hng ca sng hi
1.3 Ngun to sng hi
1.4 Mch lc tch cc

2

1.1 Khi nim v sng hi
Chng ta bit rng, cc dng sng in p sin c to ra ti cc nh
my in, trm in ln th rt tt. Tuy nhin, cng di chuyn v pha ph
ti, c bit l cc ph ti phi tuyn th cc dng sng cng b mo dng.
Khi dng sng khng cn sin.

H1.1 A- Dng sng sin, B- Dng sng hi

Sng hi c th coi nh l tng ca cc dng sng sin m tn s ca
n l bi s nguyn ca tn s c bn.

H1.2 Thnh phn c bn v cc hi

- S dng chui Fourier vi chu k T - seconds v tn s c bn
f=1/T Hz, or =2f rad/s, c th biu din mt sng hi f(t) vi biu thc
sau :

-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 0.0041 0.0082 0.0123 0.0164
Time Secs
Seventh
Fifth
Fundamental
f(t)
3
Harmonic spectrum
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
Harmoni c Order
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
=
+ + =
1
0
) cos( ) (
n
n n
t n C C t f
(1.1)
Vi :
C0 l gi tr DC ca hm sng hi f(t)
Cn l gi tr nh ca thnh phn hi bc n v n l gi tr gc pha.

- Ph ca sng hi c th hin theo hnh H1.3

H1.3 Ph ca sng hi

- THD: Tham s quan trng nht dng nh gi sng hi l h s
mo dng (THD).
THD =
C
/
C
2
n
2
1
(1.2)

Vi C1: Bin thnh phn c bn
Cn l gi tr nh ca thnh phn hi bc n .
4
1.2 nh hng ca sng hi.
nh hng quan trng nht ca sng hi l vic lm tng gi tr
hiu dng cng nh gi tr nh ca dng in v in p, c th thy r
qua cng thc sau :

2
) 1 (
0
2
1 ) (
1
U
T
RMS
THD U dt t u
T
U + = =

(1.3)

2
) 1 (
0
2
1 ) (
1
I
T
RMS
THD I dt t i
T
I + = =

(1.4)

ng thi c th quan st 1 cch trc quan qua kt qu sau :

H1.4 Gi tr nh v RMS theo cc thnh phn sng hi.

Khi gi tr hiu dng v gi tr bin ca tn hiu in p hay dng
in tng do sng hi, s dn n hng lot nhng vn sau :
Lm tng pht nng ca cc thit b in, dy dn in.
nh hng n bn cch in ca vt liu, kh nng mang ti ca
dy dn in.
nh hng n hot ng ca cc thit b bo v ( tc ng sai ):
cu ch, CB, relay, .... ng thi cc thit b o m nh kWh ghi
nhn sai d liu.
Tn hao trn cun dy v li thp ca ng c tng, nh hng n
m men trn trc ca ng c.
Lm cc mch PLL trong iu khin hot ng sai.
nh hng n cc thit b vin thng.

5
1.3 Ngun to sng hi
1.3.1 Ti khng tuyn tnh
a. My bin th
Hin tng bo ha mch t ca my bin p lc c th sinh ra sng hi.
Hnh H1.5 m t nguyn l to sng hi t hin tng bo ho mch t.
duy tr in p sin, t thng sin phi c to ra t dng t -
magnetizing current. Khi bin ca in p ( v t thng ) ln ri vo
trng hp khng tuyn tnh trong ng cong B-H, s dn n dng in t ln
b mo dng v cha sng hi.

H1.5 Hin tng bo ha mch t my bin th

Dng sng v ph ca ca dng pha a khi my bin th hot ng vi
iu kin qa in p 110%.

H1.6 Dng pha a v ph ca n khi my bin th hot ng 110% in p in mc

0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Hz
A

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Time
A
6
b. ng c :
Tng t nh vi my bin p, ng c xoay chiu khi hot ng to ra
dng in hi. Nu nh khng s dng my bin th u Delta, mt ng c
ng b 1 pha s sinh ra dng in hi bc 3 c ga tr khong 10%, v mt ng
c ng b 3 pha s sinh ra dng in hi bc 3 c ga tr khong 30%.

V d dng sng dng in b mo dng ca my lnh c cho theo hnh
H1.7, THD = 6.3%

H1.7 Dng in ca my lnh

V d dng sng dng in ca my iu ha khng kh c cho theo
hnh H1.8 , THD =10.5%

H1.8 Dng in ca my iu ho khng kh

7
1.3.2 Thit b in t cng sut
a. B chnh lu cu 1 pha
Cc thit b in t thng c cung cp ngun DC qua b chnh lu
cu 1 pha Diode, in p DC ng ra b chnh lu c san bng vi t in C.
Cng sut ca cc thit b nh, t vi W n vi kW. H s mo dng THD ca
dng in thng ln hn 100% .

H1.9 B chnh lu cu 1 pha Diode

Cc thit b in gia dng v cng nghip s dng b chnh lu cu 1 pha
Diode thng dng l :
Cc thit b ca tivi, u ghi video
My vi tnh, my in
L vi sng
B iu chnh tc .
n huynh quang.
B UPS nh .
V d dng in ca b thu tivi tivi receiver c mo dng rt ln
THD =120% nh hnh H1.9

H1.10 in p v dng in thit b thu ca tivi- tivi receiver

8
b. B bin i cng sut Six-pulse bridges.
B bin i cng sut 3 pha Six-pulse bridges ( chnh lu, nghch lu)
c p dng rt rng ri v tr thnh thnh phn quan trng khng th thiu
trong h thng in. Mt s ng dng quan trng ca chng c th lit k l :
Cc b iu khin tc ng c DC- AC .
Cc b lu in UPS.
Cc b iu khin SVC, STACOM, HVDC, ...

Tu theo mc ch s dng, cc van bn dn c th l linh kin c iu
khin ( GTO, MOSFET, Thyristor, ...) hay l cc linh kin khng iu khin
c (diode). V d b chnh lu cu diode 3 pha khng iu khin c c m
hnh nh hnh H1.11 di y :

H1.11 B chnh lu cu 3 pha khng iu khin

Hnh H1.12 biu din dng in pha a ca b chnh lu cu 3 pha, d
dng nhn thy dng in c mo dng rt ln.

H1.12 Dng sng dng in b chnh lu cu 3 pha

9
1.4 Mch lc tch cc
C nhiu phng php kh v hn ch cc sng hi nh dng mch lc
th ng (passive filter), s dng my bin th u Y/, .... Nhng phng php
s dng mch lc tch cc l phng php hin i v ang c p dng nhiu
nht trong lnh vc kh sng hi.

1.4.1 Nhim v mch lc tch cc
a. B cng sut:
Vic thc hin b cng sut ng thi vi chc nng lc th cc cu hnh
thit k, c th ch gii hn mc cng sut nh. Do nhiu thit b b tuy c
p ng chm hn nhng gi thnh r, v d b bng SVC ng ngt bng
thyristor.
b. B sng hi in p:
B in p khng c ch nhiu trong h thng in v ngun thng
c tr khng thp v in p tiu th ti im u dy chung thng duy tr
trong phm vi gii hn c bn i vi cc s c tri hc gim p.
Vn b in p ch c xem xt n khi ti nhy cm vi s xut hin
sng hi in p trong li ngun nh cc thit b bo v h thng in,
superconducting magnetic energy storage
c. B sng hi dng in:
B cc thnh phn sng hi dng in c ngha quan trng i cc ti
cng sut nh v va. Vic gim thnh phn sng hi dng in trong li cn
c tc dng gim mo dng in p li ti im u dy chung.

1.4.2 Phm vi cng sut ca mch lc tch cc
a. Cc ng dng phm vi cng sut thp:
Cc ng dng c cng sut nh hn 100kVA, ch yu phc v cc khu
dn c, cc ta nh kinh doanh, bnh vin, cc h truyn ng cng sut nh v
va.
Tnh cht ca cc h thng ti ny i hi h thng mch lc tch cc
tng i phc tp c p ng ng hc cao, thi gian p ng nhanh hn nhiu
mch lc tch cc dy cng sut cao hn thay i trong khong chc us n vi
ms.
b. Cc phm vi ng dng cng sut va:
Phm vi cng sut hot ng ca cc thit b ny nm trong khong t
100kVA n 10MVA. V d cc mng cung cp in trung v cao p v cc h
thng truyn ng in cng sut ln mc vo ngun p ln.
Mc ch chnh ca cc mch lc tch cc l kh b hoc hn ch cc
sng hi dng in.
Tc p ng b lc trong h thng khong hng chc ms.
c. Cc phm vi ng dng cng sut rt ln
Dy cng sut rt ln thng gp trong h thng truyn ti hoc truyn
ng ng c DC cng sut rt ln hoc h thng truyn ti in DC.
Mch b lc tch cc cho phm vi cng sut rt ln l rt tn km v i
hi n vic s dng cc linh kin cng sut c kh nng ng ngt dng in
vi cng sut rt ln.
10
iu thun li l i vi dy cng sut ln trn 10MVA, lng sng hi
bc cao xut hin nh nn cc yu cu i vi n khng cn nghim nht nh
dy cng sut nh.
Thi gian p ng i hi trong cc trng hp trn mc hng chc
giy, cc h thng iu khin relay la chn v tc ng mt cch ph
hp.

1.4.3 Phn loi mch lc tch cc
C nhiu cch phn loi mch lc tch cc.
a. Phn loi theo b bin i cng sut .
Cn c vo cu hnh ca b bin i cng sut c s dng trong mch
lc, ta c 2 loi mch lc tch cc : VSI - b bin i ngun p v CSI - b bin
i ngun dng.
Cu trc mch lc tch cc VSI :

H1.13 Cu hnh VSI

c im ca cu trc ca cu hnh VSI l c th m rng ra cu trc a
bc.
Cu trc mch lc tch cc CSI :

H1.14 Cu hnh CSI

c im ca cu trc ca cu hnh CSI l tn hao do ng ct linh kin
cao, khng th m rng ra cu trc a bc.

11
b. Phn loi theo s
Phn loi theo s , ta c mch lc tch cc song song v mch lc tch
cc ni tip.
Mch lc tch cc song song

H1.14 Mch lc tch cc song song

c im ca mch lc tch cc song song :
B sng hi dng in.
B cng sut phn khng.
B thnh phn dng in khng cn bng.

Mch lc tch cc ni tip

H1.15 Mch lc tch cc ni tip

c im ca mch lc tch cc ni tip :
B sng hi in p
12

CHNG 2

MCH LC TCH CC SONG SONG
3 PHA 4 DY

Chng 2 trnh by nguyn l hot ng ca mch lc song song 3 pha 4
dy, t a ra c s xy dng s khi iu khin mch lc.

Chng 2 gm cc ni dung chnh :
1. Nguyn l hot ng
2. M hnh ton hc mch lc

13
1. Nguyn l hot ng

Xt m hnh mch lc tch cc 3 pha 4 dy theo hnh H2-1

Hnh 2-1 Nguyn l hot ng mch lc song song 3 pha 4 dy.

Ta c 2 gi thit sau :
Ngun p l tng : v
0
=v
a
+v
b
+v
c
= 0
Do : p
0
=v
0
.i
0
= 0 , thnh phn th t khng cng sut ti bng 0.
(Thnh phn ny ch khc khng khi c thm iu kin ngun khng
i xng hay khng sin.)
B qua cng sut tn hao do ng ct ca b nghch lu : p
loss
=0

Cng sut cung cp cho ti 3 pha 4 dy khng tuyn tnh p, q c phn
tch thnh :

+
+
=
L L
L L
L
L
q q
p p
q
p
~
~
__
__
(2.1)

Trong
L
p
__
l cng sut DC,
L
p
~
l cng sut xoay chiu ca ti
Cng sut p
L
, q
L
ny c cung cp bi mch lc tch cc -APF nh sau
:

L L
L
AF
AF
q q
p
q
p
~
~
__ (2.2)

Thnh phn cng sut DC ca ti
L
p
__
v cng sut tn hao ca b nghch
lu p
loss
c cung cp bi ngun .
p
Source
= -
__
p - p
loss
(2.3)
Kt lun :
Ngun ch cung cp cho ti thnh phn cng sut DC ca ti v cng
sut tn hao ca b nghch lu
14
Mch lc tch cc c nhim v cung cp thnh phn cng sut AC v
thnh phn cng sut phn khng q.

2. M hnh ton hc mch lc
Da trn c s l lun phn 1 trn, ta xy dng m hnh iu khin
mch lc tch cc nh sau :

Hnh 2-2 Nguyn l iu khin mch lc

Cc tn hiu i
a
, i
b
, i
c
l cc tn hiu dng in ca ti, v
a
, v
b
, v
c
l tn hiu
in p ti.
Cc thnh phn dng in v in p ti c chuyn sang h to :

c
b
a
v
v
v
v
v
v
. .
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
0
(2.4)

c
b
a
i
i
i
i
i
i
. .
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
0
(2.5)
T , ta xc nh cng sut ti :

i
i
i
v v
v v
v
q
p
p
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
. . (2.6)
Thnh phn p
0
=0, cho thnh phn p qua mch lc HPF ta nhn c
thnh phn AC l p
~

Dng in yu cu ca mch lc c tnh ton :

.
~
.
1
2 2 *
*

+
=
q
p p
v
v
v
v
v v i
i
Loss
c
c
(2.7)
Chuyn v h to thc :
15
*
*
0
*
*
*
.
2 / 3
2 / 3
0
2 / 1
2 / 1
1
2 1
2 1
2 1
.
3
2
c
c
cc
cb
ca
i
i
i
i
i
i
(2.8)
Cc dng yu cu c so snh vi dng hi tip ca mch lc, t xc
nh xung ng ct cho cc van bn dn b nghch lu.

16
CHNG 3

XY DNG M HNH MCH LC
TCH CC SONG SONG 3 PHA 4 DY
TRONG SIMULINK /MATLAB

Trong chng ny, ta s thit lp m hnh m phng h thng mch lc
tch cc song song s dng phn mm Matlab, chc nng simulink. C th gm
cc phn chnh sau :

3.1 S KHI H THNG MCH LC TCH CC SONG SONG 3 PHA
4 DY .
3.1.1 Ngun xoay chiu 3 pha
3.1.2. Ti khng cn bng
3.1.3 B nghch lu
3.1.4 Cc khu ly tn hiu

3.2 KHU TO XUNG CHO B NGHCH LU PULSE
17
3.1 S KHI
S khi gm h thng mch lc tch cc song song 3 pha 4 dy gm
cc khu chnh nh sau :
- Ngun : H thng ngun 3 pha 4 dy cung cp cho ti khng cn
bng.
- Ti khng cn bng : Ti gm b chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin hon
ton i xng, kt hp vi b chnh lu cu 1 pha Diode c ni vo pha a.
- B nghch lu 3 pha c iu khin theo quy tc kch ng i
nghch, c ni vi h thng thng qua cun cm L .
- Ngun DC cp p cho b nghch lu.
- Khu to xung b nghch lu Pulse, to xung dng ct cho b nghch
lu .
- B iu khin b nghch lu : iu khin thi im b nghch lu tc
ng vo li thng qua CB 3 pha . ng thi cng iu khin thi im tc
ng ca xung iu khin ng ct cc van ban dn cho b nghch lu.
- Cc khu ly tn hiu V- in p 3 pha, i
L
dng in ti 3 pha, .
dng phc v cho mc ch tnh ton dng in yu cu ca b nghch lu.

Hnh 3-1 M hnh h thng ngun, ti khng cn bng v mch lc tch cc.

v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
Vdc
Vdc
a
b
c
N
Unbalanced Load
a
b
c
N
Source
ABC
ABC
Lf
Pulse
iFn
i Ln iSn
iS
V
iF
iL
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
Control
c
o
mABC
abc
CB
g
A
B
C
+
-
BONGHICH LUU
18
4
N
3
c
2
b
1
a
Vc
Vb
Va
3.1.1 Ngun xoay chiu 3 pha .
Ngun xoay chiu 3 pha c gi tr hiu dng pha V
rms
=220V, tn s
50Hz, gi tr gc pha ca cc pha a,b,c lch nhau 120
0
. Ngoi ra, ngun c dy
trung tnh cp cho ti khng cn bng.
M hnh ngun 3 pha v cc thnh phn ca n c th hin trn hnh
H3-2

Hnh H3-2 Ngun xoay chiu 3 pha v cc thnh phn ca n.

Thng s ci t cho pha a c cho theo hnh H3-3. Cc pha b, c c
ci t tng t nh pha a, ch c tham s gc pha Phase(deg) tng ng ca
pha b l -120
0
v pha c l 120
0
.

Hnh H3-3 Thng s ci t pha a.

19
4 N
3 c
2 b
1 a
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
iA
v
+
-
v
+
-
Vd
v
+
-
Vca
v
+
-
Vbc
v
+
-
Vab
Step
i
+
-
Id
0
alpha_deg
AB
BC
CA
Block
pulses
BO TAO XUNG
DONG BO
A
B
+
-
BO CHINH LUU
1P
g
A
B
C
+
-
BO CHINH LUU
3 PHA
3.1.2. Ti khng cn bng :
M hnh ti khng cn bng c th hin theo hnh H3-4.

Hnh H3-4 M hnh ti khng cn bng.

Ti khng cn bng gm b chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin hon ton v
b chnh lu cu 1 pha Diode.
B chnh lu cu 3 pha c gc kch c iu khin bng b to xung
ng b, trc b chnh lu cu 3 pha l cc cun cm cn, c tc dng lm
gim dc dng in ca b chnh lu cu.
B to xung ng b c chc nng to xung kch cho b chnh lu cu 3
pha theo gi tr gc kch yu cu. Ng vo ca b to xung l cc tn hiu sau :
- Cc tn hiu in p ng b V
ab
, V
bc
, V
ca

- Tn hiu alpha_deg : iu khin gc kch ca b nghch lu, n v
l .
- Tn hiu block : Cho php b to xung hot ng khi gi tr ca tn
hiu block =0 hay < 0.
Ng ra ca b to xung l 6 tn hiu to xung ng ct cho b chnh lu
cu theo th t nh sau :
20

Hnh H3-5 Ng ra ca b to xung ng b

Ci t thng s cho b iu khin xung ng b nh sau :

Hnh H3-6 Ci t thng s cho b to xung ng b.

a. Ti 1 pha - b chnh lu cu 1 pha diode
Ti DC ca b chnh lu cu 1 pha l ti RL, vi R=30, L=5e-3H, c
ci t thng s theo hnh H3-7 :

Hnh H3-7 Thng s ti DC ca b chnh lu 1 pha.

21
Dng in, in p pha DC ca b chnh lu cu 1 pha c gi tr nh
hnh H3-8.
-

Hnh H3-8 Dng in, in p DC ca ti 1 pha

Dng in pha AC ca ti chnh lu cu Diode cng chnh l dng in
trung tnh ca ti khng cn bng
Hnh H3-9 Dng AC ca ti 1 pha (Dng trung tnh ca ti khng cn bng)

22
b. Ti 3 pha
Ti DC ca b chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin hon ton l ti RL vi
R=10, L=1.5e-3H, c ci t thng s theo hnh H3-10

Hnh H3-10 Thng s ti DC ca b chnh lu cu 3 pha.

Tu theo gi tr ca gc kch, cc gi tr dng in v in p DC ca b
chnh lu cu 3 pha s thay i nh theo H3-11.

Hnh H3-11 Dng in, in p DC ca chnh lu cu 3 pha khi gc kch thay i.

Gc kch =0 Gc kch =180
23

Dng in AC ca ti 3 pha khi gc kch thay i .

Hnh H3-12 Dng in ca chnh lu cu 3 pha khi gc kch thay i.

c. Dng ti khng cn bng
Da trn kt qu H3-12 ( dng in ca chnh lu cu 3 pha ) v kt qu
H3-9 (dng in chnh lu cu 1 pha), ta c dng in ca ti 3 pha khng cn
bng s c gii hn hot ng nh hnh H 3-13 (khi gc kch ca b chnh lu
cu thay i t 0 n 180):
Pha b, c : nh bin dao ng t 0 -> 50A
Pha a : nh bin dao ng t 10-> 60A

Hnh H3-13 Gii hn dng in 3 pha ca 3 pha khng cn bng.

24
3.1.3 B nghch lu
B nghch lu s dng cu trc b nghch lu c sn ca matlab-
Universal Bridge, vi cu hnh mc i song Mosfet/ Diode nh sau

Hnh H3-14 Cu trc b nghch lu

Cc tham s ca b nghch lu c ci t theo cc gi tr sau :
S pha :
- Number of bridge arms =3 : do l b nghch lu 3 pha.
in tr v in dung mc song song
- Snubber resistance Rs =1e8
- Snubber capacitance Cs=inf v cng
in tr trong ca thit b bn dn
- Ron = 1e-4

Hnh H3-15 Ci t thng s b nghch lu.

25
3.1.4 Cc khu ly tn hiu :
tnh ton, cn thit phi s dng cc gi tr in p, dng in ti,
dng in b nghch lu, . C th gm cc khu ly tn hiu sau :
- [iS] : Dng in ngun cc pha a,b,c .
- [iSn] : Dng trung tnh ca ngun .
- [V] : in p cc pha a, b, c.
- [iL] : Dng in ti pha a,b,c .
- [iLn] : Dng in trung tnh ti .
- [iF] : Dng in mch lc tch cc cc pha a, b, c.
- [iFn] : Dng in trung tnh ca mch lc .
S dng cng c Goto, ta s c cc bin trung gian phc v cho cng
vic tnh ton dng in yu cu ca b nghch lu. V d, vi dng in cc pha
ngun [ia,ib,ic], trc ht ta nh ngha bin iS= [ia, ib, ic ] bng cch s dng
khu Mux :

Hnh H3-16 Khu nn 3 tn hiu

Tip theo, s dng cng c Block Parameter s lu gi tr iS vo b nh.
Thng s ci t nh sau :

Hnh H3-17 Lu d liu vo b nh

26
3.2 Khu to xung cho b nghch lu Pulse

1
Pulse
V0
Valpha
Vbeta
I0
Ialpha
Ibeta
p0
p
q
po p q
a
b
c
X0
Xalpha
Xbeta
abc->alphabeta V
a
b
c
X0
Xalpha
Xbeta
abc->alphabeta I
PQ
NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT
Fo=30Hz
LPF
Valpha
Vbeta
-pAC
-q
Ic alpha*
Ic beta*
Ic alpha beta
Ic alpha
Ic beta
-i0
Ica*
Icb*
Icc*
Ic *
Hoi tiep
irefa
irefc
irefb
-1
-1
-1
[vc]
[irefc]
[iFc]
[irefa]
[irefb]
[vb]
[iFb]
[iFa]
[iLc]
[iLb]
[iLa]
[va]
oolea
oolea
oolea
double
double
double
oolea
Iref
Ic
g
Iref
Ib
g
Iref
Ia
g

Hnh H3-18 M hnh b to xung

Nguyn l hot ng b to xung
- Tn hiu in p cc pha a,b,c c bin i sang h ta alpha-bta ta
nhn c cc gi tr v
alpha
, v
bta
, v
0
. ( v
0
= 0 do in p i xng ).
- Tn hiu dng in cc pha a,b,c ca ti c bin i sang h ta
alpha-bta ta nhn c cc gi tr i
alpha
, i
bta
, i
0
.
- T cc gi tr v
alpha
, v
bta
, v
0
, i
alpha
, i
bta
, i
0
, xc nh c cng sut P,Q,
p
0
ca ti khng cn bng, p
0
=v
0
.i
0
= 0.
- S dng mch lc thng thp LPF, s tch c thnh phn cng sut
xoay chiu ca ti p
AC
.
- Cc dng in yu cu trong h to [] c tnh ton da trn cng
sut p
AC
, q ca ti. Sau chuyn cc dng in yu cu sang h ta
[abc].
- Dng in yu cu so snh vi dng hi tip ca mch lc, t to
xung ng ct cho b nghch lu.
27
a. khu chuyn ta abc->
Khu chuyn to t abc-> c da trn cc cng thc (2.4) v
(2.5) chng 2. Hai cng thc (2.4) dng cho in p v (2.5) dng cho dng
in ng nht vi nhau .
Ng vo ca khu chuyn to l cc tn hiu trong h to [abc]:
- U[1]= i
a
hay u
a

- U[2]= i
b
hay u
b

- U[3]= i
c
hay u
c

Ng ra ca khu chuyn to l cc tn hiu trong h to []:
- Y[1]=X
0
= i
0
hay u
0

- Y[1]=X
alpha
= i
hay u

- Y[1]=X
beta
= i
hay u

Hnh H3-19 Chuyn h to t abc->

Cc ch s (alpha-beta) tng ng vi cc ch s (-) do chng trnh
Matlab khng cho php dng cc k t .
S dng cng c to hm tnh ton l FCN trong Simulink/User-
definited function to ra cc tn hiu ng ra theo cc cng thc chuyn i
(2.4)v (2.5). V d, vi ng ra l thnh phn th t khng i
0
hay v
0
. Ta nh
ngha hm FCN nh sau :

Hnh H3-20 Ci tham s cho hm FCN

28
3
q
2
p
1
p0
(-u[3]*u[5])+u[2]*u[6]
=q
u[1]*u[4]
=p0
u[2]*u[5]+u[3]*u[6]
=p
6
Ibeta
5
Ialpha
4
I0
3
Vbeta
2
Valpha
1
V0
b. khu tnh ton cng sut pq.
Khu tnh tan cng sut p,q cho php xc nh cng sut p, q, p
0
ca ti
trong h ta [] da trn cng thc (2.6).
Ng vo ca khu tnh ton cng sut l cc tn hiu dng in v in p
c xc nh trong h to [,] phn 3.2a trn.
- U[1]= v
0

- U[2]= V
alpha
= v

- U[3]= V
beta
= v

- U[4]= i
0

- U[5]= I
alpha
= i

- U[6]= I
beta
=

i

Hnh H3-21 Tnh ton cng sut p, q, p0

Cc cng sut p, q, p
0
c xc nh da vo cng thc (2-6) bng cch
s dng FCN trong Simulink/User-definited function , v d i vi cng sut
p ta nh ngha hm FCN nh sau :

Hnh H3-22 Ci t hm FCN cho p0

29
p
pDC
p
pAC
Fo=30Hz
LPF

c. Mch lc thng thp
Chc nng ca mch lc thng thp l lc b cc thnh phn xoay chiu
vi cc tn s khc nhau, ch gi li thnh phn mt chiu. c trng ca mch
lc thng thp l tham s tn s ct v h s phm cht Q. y, ta s s
dng mch lc thng thp vi tn s ct l 30Hz.
Thng s ci t ca mch lc thng thp c th hin theo hnh H3-23

Hnh H3-23 Thng s ca mch lc thng thp

Trong phn ci t tham s cho mch lc thng thp theo hnh H3-23 trn,
tham s th 3 Sample time =50e-6 l tham s mc nh ca phn mm Matlab
(Mch lc thng thp dng s ).
Do s dng mch lc thng thp, trong khi i lng cn thit l thnh
phn cng sut xoay chiu . Nn ta s ly cng sut p tr cho thnh phn DC
xc nh c thnh phn xoay chiu .
p
AC
= p-

p
DC
(3.1)

Cng thc (3.1) c th hin trong Matlb theo hnh H3-24 di y.

Hnh H3-24 Xc nh cng sut P
AC
t mch lc thng thp

30
2
Ic beta*
1
Ic alpha*
(u[2]*u[3]+u[1]*u[4])/(u[1]*u[1]+u[2]*u[2])
=icbeta*
(u[1]*u[3]-u[2]*u[4])/(u[1]*u[1]+u[2]*u[2])
=icalpha*
4
-q
3
-pAC
2
Vbeta
1
Valpha
d. Khu tnh ton dng yu cu trong h to
Cc dng in yu cu i
c ,
i
c
c xc nh t cng thc (2-7) vi cc
ng vo l cc i lng in p trong h to c xc nh phn 3.2a
v cc i lng cng sut xc nh theo phn 3.2c.
Ng vo ca khu tnh ton dng yu cu l cc i lng sau:
- U[1]= V
alpha
= v

- U[2]= V
beta
= v

- U[3]= -p
AC

- U[4]= -q
Ng ra ca khu tnh ton dng yu cu l cc i lng :
- Y[1]= I
c alpha
*

( tng ng i
c
theo 2.7)
- Y[2]= I
c beta
*
( tng ng i
c
theo 2.7)

Hnh H3-25 Tnh ton dng in yu cu trong

Bng cch s dng cng c FCN trong Simulink/User-definited
function , ta thit lp c hm tnh ton theo cng thc (2.7). V d i vi
dng yu cu i
c
ta nh ngha hm FCN nh hnh H3-26 di y:

Hnh H3-26 S dng hm FCN tnh dng i
*

31
e. Khu tnh ton dng yu cu trong h to a,b,c .
Dng in yu cu trong h to [abc] c xc nh t dng in th
t 0 i
0
( xc nh theo 3.2a) v cc dng in yu cu i
c ,
i
c
trong h to
[] ( xc nh theo 3.2d) theo cng thc (2.8)
Ng vo ca khu tnh ton dng yu cu trong [abc] l cc i lng sau:
- U[1]= -i
0

- U[2]= I
c alpha
*

( tng ng i
c
theo 2.8)
- U[3]= I
c beta
*
( tng ng i
c
theo 2.8)
Ng ra ca khu tnh ton dng yu cu l cc i lng :
- Y[1]= I
c a
*

( tng ng i
ca
theo 2.8)
- Y[2]= I
c b
*

( tng ng i
cb
theo 2.8)
- Y[1]= I
c c
*

( tng ng i
cc
theo 2.8)

Hnh H3-27 Tnh ton dng in yu cu trong abc

V d i vi dng in pha a, ta c cng c FCN trong Simulink/User-
definited function c ci t nh sau :

Hnh H3-28 Ci t tnh ton cho i
ca
*
3
Icc*
2
Icb*
1
Ica*
sqrt(2/3)*(sqrt(1/2)*u[1]-(1/2)*u[2]-sqrt(3/4)*u[3])
=icc*
sqrt(2/3)*(sqrt(1/2)*u[1]-(1/2)*u[2]+sqrt(3/4)*u[3])
=icb*
sqrt(2/3)*(sqrt(1/2)*u[1]+u[2])
=ica*
3
-i0
2
Ic
*
beta
1
Ic
*
alpha
32
1
Pulse
NOT
NOT
NOT
NOT
[irefc]
[iFc]
[irefa]
[irefb]
[iFb]
[iFa]
oolea
oolea
oolea
oolea
Iref
Ic
g
Iref
Ib
g
Iref
Ia
g
f. Mch so snh tr v to xung ng ct cho b nghch lu.
Mch to tr so snh dng in hi tip v dng in yu cu, t to
xung ng ct cho b nghch lu .

Hnh H3-29 To xung cho b nghch lu t mch tr.

Trong hnh H3-29, cc i lng [i
ref a,
i
ref b,
i
ref c
] tng ng l dng in
yu cu cc pha ca b nghch lu ( xc nh theo 3.2e). Trong khi cc i lng
[i
Fa
, i
Fb
, i
Fc
] tng ng l dng in hi tip ca b nghch lu.

Do b nghch lu c s dng theo quy tc kch ng i nghch ( Xem
cu hnh b nghch lu hnh H3-14), cc cp cng tc bn dn (1-2), (3-4), (5-6)
c xung kch ng ngc nhau. V vy ta dng cng NOT to xung kch ng
cho cc cng tc chn (2-4-6) t cc cng tc l (1-3-5).
6 tn hiu ng ct cho 6 van ban dn ca b nghch lu qua khu nn tn
hiu tr thnh mt tn hiu duy nht ( vect 6 chiu ) to xung cho b nghch lu.
Tn hiu xung ny s c gii nn theo ng th t cp xung cho tng van
bn dn ca b nghch lu.
Bin sai s hysteresis band ca mch to tr s c t theo gi tr
yu cu, v d khi hysteresis band =1 nh hnh H 3-30

Hnh H3-30 Ci t bin sai s khu to tr.
Khu nn tn hiu -Mux
Chuyn tn hiu qua boolean
33
[va]
[iLc] [vc]
[iLb] [vb]
[iFa]
[iFc]
[iFb]
[iLa]
[iF]
[iL] [V] em
em
em
Hoi tiep
-1
[iS]
[V]
[V]
[iF]
[V]
[iL]
f(u)
Vabc
Iabc
PQ
Vabc
Iabc
PQ
Vabc
Iabc
PQ
PQ
g. Khu hi tip
Khu hi tip ( xem m hnh b to xung hnh H3-18) c nhim v gii
nn cc tn hiu hi tip nh in p, dng in ti, dng in mch lc phc v
cho vic a cc tham s hi tip vo khu tnh ton mt cch n gin v tin
li.

Hnh H3-30 M hnh khu hi tip tn hiu

h. Khu tnh ton cng sut P,Q
Khu tnh ton cng sut P,Q ( xem m hnh b to xung hnh H3-18) c
nhim v tnh ton cc cng sut ca ti, mch lc tch cc v ngun.

Hnh H3-30 M hnh khu tnh ton P-Q
34

CHNG 4

KHO ST P NG MCH LC

Trong chng 3, ta xy dng m hnh mch lc tch cc song song 3
pha 4 dy trong mi trng Matlab/Simulink. Trong chng ny, ta s kho st
hot ng ca m hnh trn.

Trc tin, ta s kho st hot ng ca mch lc tch cc, kim tra
kt qu lc sng hi dng in ngun v b cng sut phn khng ca mch lc
khi mch lc tc ng .

Tip theo, vn kho st p ng ca mch lc khi thay i cng
sut P,Q ca ti cng s c quan tm gii quyt.

Mt vn khc cng c cp, l nh hng ca bin sai s
mch to tr i vi hot ng ca mch lc. Bin sai s ln s lm gim tn
s ng ct, nhng s nh hng n cht lng ca dng in kh sng hi v
b cng sut phn khng ca mch lc.

Vn cui cng, l vai tr ca in p pha DC ca b nghch lu
i vi cht lng ca mch lc. in p DC khng ln s lm cho dng in
mch lc khng bm theo c dng in yu cu, nh hng n dng in
cng nh cng sut trong mch.

35
4.1. Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi mch lc tc ng :
Kho st hot ng ca mch lc tch cc, kim tra kt qu lc sng
hi dng in ngun v b cng sut phn khng ca mch lc khi mch lc tc
ng .

Thit lp m hnh m phng :
Cho ti 3 pha 4 dy hot ng trc, ti thi im 0.05s cho mch lc
tch cc tc ng, v cho mch lc hot ng t thi im 0.05s ko di n
01.s. Ci t tham s m phng nh sau :
- Thi gian m phng : Simulation time/Stop time = 0.1
- Khu control- iu khin thi im mch lc ni vi h thng c
t vi thi im tc ng l 0.05.
- Khu to gc kch cho ti l b chnh lu cu c t gc kch =0,
cc gi tr R, L ca ti c t theo gi tr ca phn 2.2 chng 2.
- Gi tr in p ngun xoay chiu 3 pha U
pha-RMS
= 220V
- Gi tr in p DC ca b nghch lu c t gi tr U
DC
=400V
- Khu to tr to xung ng ct cho b nghch lu c t bin
sai s hysteresis band =1 A.

Kt qu m phng
(Chi tit kt qu m phng c trnh by trong phn ph lc chng
6 t hnh H6.1-1 n H6.1-9)
Da trn cc kt qu m phng, mch lc tch cc song song thc
hin tt cc chc nng sau :
Kh sng hi dng in, vi dng sng dng in ngun han tan
sin.
Kh thnh phn mt cn bng dng trung tnh ca ngun 3 pha,
dng in 3 pha ca ngun han tan cn bng.
B cng sut phn khng cho ti, cng sut phn khng ca ngun
bng khng. Thnh phn cng sut tc dng P ca ngun n nh
khng dao ng so vi thnh phn cng tc dng P ca ti dao
ng rt ln.
H s cos ca ngun bng 1.

Ta s xem xt cc kt qu chnh c trnh by di y:

36
- Ngay khi mch lc tc ng, dng in ngun c kh sng hi,
vi dng in dng sin ( Hnh H4.1-1)

Hnh H4.1-1 : Dng ti v dng ngun pha a

- Di tc ng mch lc, dng in 3 pha ca ngun cn bng, i
xng 3 pha ( H4.1-2)

Hnh H4.1-2 : Dng in ngun 3 pha
Mch lc cha tc ng Mch lc tc ng
37
- Di tc ng mch lc, dng trung tnh ca ngun gn bng khng
( Hnh H4.1-3)

Hnh H4.1-3 : Dng in trung tnh ngun

- Khi mch lc tc ng, cng sut tc dng ca ngun hu nh
khng dao ng, cng sut phn khng ca ngun gn bng khng (H4.1-4).

Hnh H4.1-4 : Cng sut p, q ca ngun.

Mch lc cha tc ng
Mch lc tc ng
38
- Dng in ngun v in p ngun hon ton trng pha nhau, h s
cng sut ca ngun bng 1. (H4.1-5).

Hnh H4.1-5 : Dng in, in p ngun v h s cng sut ngun
39
4.2. Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi thay i cng sut P,Q ca ti:
Ti 3 pha 4 dy, nh c trnh by phn 3.1.2 gm 2 phn : Ti
1 pha l b chnh lu cu Diode v ti 3 pha l b chnh lu cu 3 pha iu khin
c. V cng nh kt qu a ra trong phn 3.1.2, bng cch thay i gc
kch ca b chnh lu cu 3 pha t 0
0
n 180
0
s lm dng in ti ca ti 3 pha
4 dy thay i trong gii han:
Pha b, c c nh bin dao ng t 0 ->50A.
Pha a c nh bin dao ng t 10A- > 60A.
Nh vy, bng cch thay i gc kch cho b chnh lu cu 3 pha s
lm thay i gi tr dng in ti v tng ng s thay i cng sut P, Q ca ti
khng cn bng.

Thit lp m hnh m phng:
Ci t tham s m phng nh sau :
- Thi gian m phng : Simulation time/Stop time = 0.3s
t vi thi im tc ng l 0s.
- Khu to gc kch cho ti c ci t thi im thay i gc kch
nh sau :
T 0.0s -> 0.1s gc kch l 0
0
.
T 0.1s -> 0.2s gc kch l 50
0
.
T 0.2s -> 0.3s gc kch l 160
0
( gc kch tng ng
kha dng in qua b chnh lu cu 3 pha).
- Cc gi tr R, L ca ti c t theo gi tr ca phn 2.2 chng 2.
pha-RMS
= 220V
DC
=400V
- Khu to tr to xung ng ct cho b nghch lu c t bin
sai s hysteresis band =1 A.

Kt qu m phng
6 t hnh H6.2-1 n H6.2-9)
Cc kt qu chnh thu c nh sau :
ng vi m hnh c thit lp trn, mch lc tch cc song song
hot ng tt trong phm vi iu chnh ca ti, vi cc p ng qu
ca dng in ngun, cng sut P, Q ca ngun ti cc thi
im thay i khng c vt l, thi gian xc lp nh.
Mch lc hot ng tt trong trng hp khi ti 3 pha 4 dy tr
thnh ti 1 pha ( gc kch 160
0
),v khi dng in ngun vn cn
bng 3 pha .

C th cc kt qu kho st chnh c trnh by di y:
40
- Dng in ngun thay i gim dn theo dng ti nhng dng in
ngun hon ton sin. Ti cc thi im thay i gc kch, dng in ngun hon
ton khng dao ng ( Hnh H4.2-1)

Hnh H4.2-1 : Dng in ti v dng in ngun pha a.

- Dng in ngun 3 pha cn bng, i xng hon ton sin v thay
i gim dn theo gc kch, khng c dao ng ti cc thi im thay i gc
kch. ( Hnh H4.2-2)

Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
41
- Dng in trung tnh ca ngun gn bng 0 trong qu trnh thay i
gc kch, nhng hu nh khng c gi khc bit gia cc gi tr gc kch .


- Cng sut thc P thay i gim dn theo s thay i gc kch ,
khng c dao ng cng sut thc ti thi im thay i gc kch. Cng sut
phn khng ca ngun bng 0 .

Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
Hnh H4.2-4 : Cng sut PQ ca ngun
42
- Dng in ngun v in p ngun hon ton trng pha nhau, h s
cng sut ca ngun bng 1. (H4.2-5).

Hnh H4.2-5 : Dng in, in p ngun v h s cng sut ngun

Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
43
4.3 Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi thay i bin sai s - hysteresis
band ca mch to tr .
Kho st hot ng ca mch lc tch cc, kim tra kt qu lc sng
hi dng in ngun v b cng sut phn khng ngun ca mch lc khi thay
i bin sai s (hysteresis band) ca mch to tr.

- Simulation time/Stop time = 0.15
t vi thi im tc ng l 0.
- Khu to gc kch cho ti l b chnh lu cu c t gc kch =0.
Cc gi tr R, L ca ti c t theo gi tr ca phn 2.2 chng 2.
pha-RMS
= 220V
DC
=400V
- Thi im thay i bin sai s nh sau :
0.00-0.05s hysteresis band =0.5

Kt qu m phng
6 t hnh H6.3-1 n H6.3-4)
Cc kt qu chnh thu c nh sau :
Bin sai s nh hng n tn s ng ct ca linh kin, bin
sai s cng ln, tn s ng ct cng gim .
Nhng ngc li, bin sai s cng ln th dao ng ca dng
in mch lc theo gi tr dng in yu cu cng ln, lm cho cc
dng in pha ca ngun, dng trung tnh ca ngun, cng sut tc
dng v phn khng ca ngun c nhp nh ln, nh hng n
cht lng mch lc.

Phn tch c th tng kt qu c trnh by di y:
44
- Vai tr ca bin sai s mch to tr c th hin r rng bng
tn s ng ct ca linh kin. Bin sai s mch to tr cng ln, tn s ng
ct ca linh kin cng gim. Quan st s ln ng ct ca linh kin ti 3 khong
thi gian theo hnh H4.3-1, ta c kt qu nh sau :
T 0.0235 n 0.024s ( hysteresis band =0.5) s xung ng = 14
T 0.0635 n 0.064s ( hysteresis band =2.0) s xung ng = 5
T 0.1235 n 0.124s ( hysteresis band =5.0 ) s xung ng =2

Hnh H4.3-1 : Tn s ng ct ng vi cc hysteresis =0.2; 2; 5
Hysteresis band =0.5

Hysteresis band =2

Hysteresis band =5

45
- Dng in mch lc, dng in ca ngun c gn thay i tu
thuc vo bin sai s ca khu to tr, bin sai s cng ln th gn cng
ln .

Hnh H4.3-2 : Dng in mch lc v dng ngun

- Dng in trung tnh mch lc, dng in trung tnh ca ngun c
gn thay i tu thuc vo bin sai s, bin sai s cng ln th gn
cng ln .

Hnh H4.3-3 : Dng in trung tnh mch lc v ngun.

Hysteresis band =2 Hysteresis band =5



46

- Cng sut tc dng, phn khng ca ngun c gn thay i tu
thuc vo bin sai s, bin sai s cng ln th gn cng ln .

Hnh 4.4-4 Cng sut PQ ca ti, mch lc v ngun

- H s cos ca ngun hu nh khng b nh hng bi bin iu
khin ca khu to tr.

Hnh 4.3-5 H s cng sut ca ngun





47

4.4 Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi thay i gi tr in p DC ca b
nghch lu .
Gi tr dng in mch lc tch cc s ph thuc vo gi tr in p
DC ca b nghch lu, khi gi tr in p DC khng ln s lm cho dng in
ca mch lc tch cc khng bm theo c gi tr ca dng in yu cu, do
s nh hung n cht lng ca mch lc .

- Simulation time/Stop time = 0.1
t vi thi im tc ng l 0.
- Khu to gc kch cho ti l b chnh lu cu c t gc kch =0.
Cc gi tr R, L ca ti c t theo gi tr ca phn 2.2 chng 2.
pha-RMS
= 220V
- Thi im thay i in p DC nh sau :
0.00-0.05s in p DC =400V
0.00-0.05s in p DC =300V

Kt qu m phng
6 t hnh H6.4-1 n H6.4-4)
Cc kt qu thu c khi in p DC khng ln:
Dng in hi tip mch lc khng bm theo c dng yu cu.Dn
n dng in mch lc khng b c sng hi, lm cho dng in
ngun b mo dng.
Dng in trung tnh ca ngun khng c kh.
Cng sut P, Q ca ngun dao ng quanh gi tr trung bnh vi tr s
dao ng ln.

Phn tch c th tng kt qu c trnh by di y:
48
- Khi in p DC khng ln, dng in hi tip khng bm theo c
dng yu cu.

Hnh H4.4-1 : Hot ng mch to tr pha a

- Khi U
DC
= 300V, do dng in ca mch lc tch cc khng bm theo
dng yu cu, dng in ngun s b mo dng so vi trng hp Udc =400V

Hnh H4.4-2 : Dng in ngun

Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
49

- C th quan st s mo dng u trn c 3 pha ca dng in ngun khi
U
DC
nh =300V so vi khi U
DC
=400V


- Khi Udc=300V, do dng in 3 pha b mo dng, dn n dng in
trung tnh ca ngun s dao ng vi gi tr ln .

Hnh H4.4-4 : Dng trung tnh ti, trung tnh mch lc v trung tnh ngun

Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
50
Khi Udc=300V, cng sut PQ ca ngun s dao ng vi bin rt ln
p ng rt xu so vi trng hp Udc=400V.


Khi Udc=300V, do cng sut PQ ca ngun dao ng vi bin ln nn
h s cng sut ca ngun s c dao ng, tuy nhin khng ng k.

Hnh H4.4-6 : H s cng sut ngun
Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
51

CHNG 5

KT LUN

5.1 Tng kt ni dung lun n :
Cu trc ca lun n gm 7 chng :
Chng 1 : a ra cc khi nim v sng hi, nh hng ca sng hi,
v vai tr ca mch lc tch cc trong vic loi b sng hi trn li in.
Chng 2 : Trnh by v phng php iu khin mch lc tch cc
song song p dng cho ti 3 pha 4 dy.
Chng 3 : a ra cc bc cn thit xy dng m hnh mch lc
tch cc song song 3 pha 4 dy trong mi trng simulink ca phn mm Matlab.
Chng 4 : Kho st mch lc tch cc c xy dng chng 3.
Ngoi vic kho st p ng ca mch lc, ta cn xt nh hng ca cc yu t
nh hng n cht lng ca mch lc nh : thay i cng sut PQ ca ti 3
pha 4 dy, bin sai s ca khu to tr v ngun DC ca b nghch lu.
Chng 5 : Kt lun, nhn xt v ti thc hin, a ra cc im
tn ti cng nh phng hng pht trin ca ti.
Chng 6 : Ph lc, trnh by chi tit cc kt qu m phng thc hin
trong chong 4.

5.2 nh gi nhim v :
Nhim v chnh ca lun n l nghin cu phng php iu khin
mch lc tch cc song song ba pha 4 dy.
Vi nhng kt qu trnh by, c th nh gi mt cch ch quan rng
nhim v lun n c hon thnh th hin nhng c im sau :
- xy dng thnh cng phng php iu khin mch lc tch cc
song song 3 pha 4 dy, v xy dng thnh cng m hnh m phng ca h thng
mch lc trong simulink/ Matlab.
- Da trn m hnh m phng c thit lp, m phng thnh cng
p ng ca mch lc, c th kho st p ng ca cc i lng quan trng:
dng in hi ca mch lc tch cc, dng in ngun khi mch lc tc dng;
cng sut PQ ca mch lc pht ln li v cng sut PQ ca ngun di tc
ng b cng sut ca mch lc; h s cng sut ca ngun di tc ng ca
mch lc.
- Bn cnh , vn kho st hot ng ca mch lc di tc dng
ca cc yu t nh : s bin thin cng sut ca ti, nh hng ca mch to tr
i, ngun DC ca b nghch lu c gii quyt trn vn.

5.3 Tnh kh thi ca ti .
Vi vic xy dng thnh cng m hnh m phng mch lc tch cc
song song 3 pha 4 dy trong mi trng simulink ca matlab, chng ta thy hon
ton c th xy dng m hnh thc t h thng mch lc tch cc song song 3
pha 4 dy.
52

Vic xem xt nh hng ca cc yu t nh s thay i ca ti, bin
sai s ca khu to tr, ngun DC ca b nghch lu i vi cht lng ca mch
lc c thc hin trn m phng l mt cng c khng th thiu trong vic thit
k, ch to mch lc. Bng cch a vo bi ton m phng cc gi tr chnh xc
ca ti khng cn bng ( s dng cc cng c o sng hi), ta hon ton c th
gii quyt bi ton mch lc trn m phng, lm c s vng chc cho vic lp
t mch lc.

Vi vic p dng thnh cng phng php iu khin mch lc tch cc
song song 3 pha 4 dy s dng mch to tr, chng ta c th thc hin cc
phng php iu khin khc, phc tp hn, v d nh dng phng php iu
ch vect khng gian p dng cho h thng khng cn bng 3 pha 4 dy.

5.4 Nhng vn tn ti v hng pht trin :
Do mt s nguyn nhn ch quan v khch quan, y cn mt s tn
ti cn gii quyt nh sau :
- Ngun DC cung cp cho b nghch lu ca mch lc tch cc c coi
l l tng, trong thc t l ngun DC c cp in bng t in DC
vi h thng n nh in p. y l mt trong nhng vn c tnh
cht quan trng cn phi gii quyt mt cch trit .
- Mt trong nhng gi thit c s dng trong ti l b qua mo
dng ca ngun in p. mo dng in p nh hng trc tin l
lm xut hin thnh phn th t 0 ca in p trong h ta -, t
s c thnh phn cng sut th t 0 p
0
.
- Tn hao p
loss
ca b nghch lu cng cha c xem xt, y l mt tn
ti cn gii quyt nhm nng cao hiu sut cng nh cht lng mch
lc .
- Ngoi ra, cc vn c cp gii quyt nh : p ng mch lc
theo s thay i ca ti, nh hng ca bin sai s khu to tr, anh
hng ca in p ngun DC ch c xem xt mc tng i.
Cn phi c s u t nghin cu mt cch chuyn su cc vn trn.
53

CHNG 6

PH LC CC KT QU M PHNG

Chng 6 s trnh by chi tit cc kt qu m phng c thc hin
chng 4, gm cc trng hp m phng tng ng nh sau:
- 6.1 Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi mch lc tc ng .
- 6.2 Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi thay i cng sut P, Q ca ti
bng cch thay i gc kch ca ti l b chnh lu 3 pha
- 6.3 Kho st p ng ca mch lc khi thay i bin so snh ca
mch to tr
- 6.4 Kho st p ng ca mch lc theo gi tr cc gi tr in p DC
khc nhau cp cho b nghch lu .
54
6.1 Kho st p ng mch lc
Dng in ti 3 pha, dng in ti trung tnh, in p ngun .

Hnh H6.1-1 : Dng in ti 3 pha, dng in trung tnh ti, in p 3 pha

Dng in ti 3 pha khng i xng vi dng trung tnh khong 10A.
in p 3 pha i xng hnh sin.
55
Cc gi tr in p, dng in ti trong h ta -

Hnh H6.1-2 : Dng in ti, in p 3 pha ti trong h -

Do in p 3 pha i xng, thnh phn th t khng in p =0
Thnh phn th t khng dng in khc 0.

56
Cng sut p, q trong h to -

Hnh H6.1-3 : Cng sut p,q trong h ta -

Cng sut p c thnh phn DC xc lp trc thi im mch lc tc ng
l 0.05s.
57
Hot ng mch to tr

Hnh H6.1-4 : Hot ng mch to tr pha a
v s phng to trong thi gian 0.013-0.0165

Di tc dng ca mch to tr, dng in hi tip bm st dng yu
cu.
58
Dng in ti, dng in mch lc v dng in ngun

Hnh H6.1-5 : Dng ti, dng mch lc v dng ngun

Di tc dng ca dng mch lc, dng in ngun tr thnh sin
59
Dng in ngun v dng in ti, dng in ngun 3 pha

Dng in ngun 3 pha

- So vi dng in ti, dng in ngun hon ton sin, khng c sng
hi.
Dng in ngun 3 pha hon ton i xng v cn bng
60
Dng trung tnh ti, trung tnh ca mch lc v trung tnh ngun.


Dng trung tnh ngun s c gi tr nh ( gn v 0 ) do dng trung tnh ti
cn bng vi dng trung tnh mch lc.

61
Cng sut ti, mch lc, v ngun

Hnh H6.1-8 : Cng sut PQ ca ti, mch lc v ngun.

Cng sut P ca ngun khng dao ng, cng sut Q ca ngun c gi tr
0 do cng sut
P , Q ca ti c cung cp bi mch lc.

62
Dng in v in p ngun, h s cng sut ngun.


Di tc dng mch lc, cng sut ca ngun khng dao ng v c gi
tr =1, dng in v in p ngun trng pha vi nhau .
63
6.2 Thay i cng sut P, Q ca ti bng cch thay i gc kch ca b chnh
lu cu .
Dng in ti 3 pha, dng in ti trung tnh, in p ngun.

Hnh H6.2-1 : Dng in ti 3 pha, dng in trung tnh ti, in p 3 pha

Khi thay i gc kch, dng in ti thay i v gim dn ( gc kch tng
dn ). Khi gc kch ln (160), dng in ca b chnh lu 3 pha bng khng.
in p 3 pha, dng trung tnh khng thay i khi thay i gc kch
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
64
6.2 Thay i cng sut P, Q ca ti
Cc gi tr dng in, in p ti trong h ta -

Hnh H6.2-2 : Dng in ti, in p 3 pha ti trong h -

Do in p 3 pha i xng, thnh phn th t khng in p =0
Cc thnh phn dng in ti thay i theo gc kch.
Thnh phn th t khng dng in khc 0 v khng thay i theo gc
kch do ti 1 pha khng thay i.
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
65
Cng sut p, q trong h to -

Hnh H6.2-3 : Cng sut p,q trong h ta -

Cng sut p, v cc thnh phn AC v DC ca n thay i gim dn khi
thay i gc kch tng dn .Cng sut q thay i theo gc kch, gc kch cng
nh th q cng ln .
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
66
Hot ng mch to tr.

Hnh H6.2-4 : Hot ng mch to tr 3 pha a,b,c

Dng hi tip bm st dng yu cu.
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
67
Dng in ti, dng in mch lc v dng in ngun.

Hnh H6.2-5 : Dng ti, mch lc v dng ngun

Di tc dng ca dng mch lc, dng in ngun tr thnh sin
Dng in ngun s thay i gim dn khi thay i gc kch
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
68

Dng in ngun 3 pha

So vi dng in ti, dng in ngun hon ton sin, khng c sng
hi.
Dng in ngun 3 pha hon ton i xng v cn bng.
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
69
Dng trung tnh ti, trung tnh mch lc v trung tnh ngun


Dng trung tnh ngun s c gi tr nh ( gn v 0 ) do dng trung tnh ti
cn bng vi dng trung tnh mch lc.
Dng trung tnh ti, mch lc v ngun u khng thay i theo gc kch .
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
70
Cng sut ti, mch lc v ngun

Hnh H6.2-8 : Cng sut PQ ca ti, mch lc v ngun.

Cng sut P ca ngun khng dao ng, cng sut Q ca ngun c gi tr
0 do cng sut
P , Q ca ti c cung cp bi mch lc.

Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
71
H s cng sut ngun, dng in v in p ngun


Dng in v in p ngun cng pha, cosfi ca ngun c gi tr bng 1
mc d ti c thay i gi tr dng in bng cch thay i gc kch .
Khi gc kch ln, h s cosfi dao ng , tuy gi tr khng ln
Gc kch 0
0
Gc kch 50
0
Gc kch 160
0
72
6.3 Thay i bin sai s khu to tr
Hot ng ca b to tr.

Hnh H6.3-1 : Hot ng mch to tr pha a,b,c

Khi bin sai s dao ng cng ln th sai s gia dng in hi tip v
yu cu cng ln .


73
Dng in ti, dng in mch lc, dng in ngun

Hnh H6.3-2 : Dng in ti, dng mch lc v dng ngun

Dng in mch lc, dng in ngun s c bin dao ng cng ln
nu hysteresis band cng ln .


74
Dng in trung tnh ti, mch lc v ngun

Hnh H6.3-3 : Dng in trung tnh ti, mch lc v ngun.

Dng in trung tnh mch lc, dng in trung tnh ngun s c bin
dao ng cng ln nu hysteresis band cng ln .
Hysteresis band =0.5 Hysteresis band =2 Hysteresis band =5

75
Cng sut PQ ca ti, mch lc v ngun

Hnh H6.3-4 : Cng sut PQ ca ti, mch lc v ngun

Cng sut PQ ca mch lc v ngun s c bin dao ng cng ln
nu hysteresis band cng ln .


76
6.4 Thay i in p DC ca b nghch lu
Hot ng mch to tr

Hnh H6.4-1 : Hot ng mch to tr pha a, b, c

Khi in p DC khng ln, dng in hi tip khng bm theo c
dng yu cu.

Udc = 400V

Udc =300V

77
Dng in ti, dng mch lc v dng ngun

Hnh H6.4-2 : Dng in ti, dng mch lc v dng ngun

Khi Udc = 300V, do dng in ca mch lc tch cc khng bm theo
dng yu cu, dng in ngun s b mo dng so vi trng hp Udc =400V

Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
78

Hnh H6.4-3 : Dng in ngun v dng in ti, dng in ngun 3 pha

Khi Udc =300V, c 3 pha abc ca dng in ngun u b mo dng so
vi trng hp Udc =400V.
Udc = 400V

Udc =300V
79
Dng trung tnh ti, trung tnh mch lc v trung tnh ngun


Khi Udc=300V, dng in trung tnh ca ngun s dao ng vi gi tr
ln .

Udc = 400V

Udc =300V

80
Cng sut ti, mch lc v ngun


Khi Udc=300V, cng sut PQ ca ngun s dao ng vi bin rt ln
p ng rt xu so vi trng hp Udc=400V.

Udc = 400V

Udc =300V

81
Dng in v in p ngun, h s cng sut ngun

Hnh H6.4-6 : Dng in v in p ngun, h s cng sut ngun

Udc = 400V Udc =300V

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Lun vn cao hc Nghin cu mch lc tch cc song song 3 pha 4 dy

P , Q ca ti c cung cp bi mch lc.

P , Q ca ti c cung cp bi mch lc.

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