FLOTASI

Kriteria Perncanaan :
1. Waktu detensi ( td ) = 20 30 menit
( Sumber : Industrial Water Pollution Control, Eckenfelder, hal 74 )

2. Fraksi kelarutan udara ( f ) = 0.58 0.9

( Sumber : Industrial Water Pollution Control, Eckenfelder, hal 73 )

3. Tekanan udara ( p ) = 275 350 KPA ( hal 420 )

4. Ratio udara terhadap padatan tersuspensi ( A/S ) = 0.005
0.06
( hal 422 )

5. Ratio resirkulasi terhadap influent ( R/Q ) = 15 120% ( hal

421

6. Kecepatan kenaikan ( SLR ) = 8 160 l/m2.min ( hal 423 )

7. Konsentrasi minyak mengambang ( K) = 3 7% ( hal 423 )
8. Tekanan atm ( Pa ) = 101.35 ( SI Unit ) ( hal 423 )
( Sumber : Metchalf and Eddy, Waste Water Engineering Treatment and
Reuse, Second Editio, hal 420 423 )

Direncanakan :
1. Menggunakan 1 bak flotasi
2. Kandungan minyak dan lemak ( Sa ) = 20 mg/lt
3. Konsentrasi minyak mengambang ( K ) = 5%
4. Ratio udara terhadap padatan tersuspensi ( A/S ) = 0.01
5. Tekanan udara ( p ) = 375 KPA
6. Debit ( Q ) = 0.032 m3/dt = 2750 m3 /hari

7. Kelarutan udara pada sushu 200C ( sa ) = 18.7

8. Fraksi kelarutan udara = 0.8
9. Kecepatan kenaikan ( SLR ) = 160 l/m2.min = 9600 l/m2.jam
Kriteria rumus :
1. Tekanan udara ( P ) =
Tekanan udara ( P ) =

P +101.35
101.35
375 KPA +101.35
101.35

= 4.7 atm
( Sumber : Metchalf and Eddy, Waste Water Engineering Treatment and
Reuse, Second Editio, hal 420 423 )

2. ( A/S ) =

SaxR fP
1
saxQ Pa

( A / S ) xQxSa
sa ( fP / Pa 1)

( 0,01) x 2750m3/hr x 20ml / lt

18,7( 0,8( 375) / 101,35) 1)

= 15 m3/hr
= 0.625 m3/jam = 625 lt/jam
3. Debit total ( Qtotal ) = Q Flotasi + R
= 2750 m3/hari + 15 m3/hari
= 2765 m3/hari
= 115.21 m3/jam
= 115210 lt/jam = 0.032 m3/dt

4. Luas permukaan bak flotasi ( A )

Q total
A=
SLR
12790 lt/jam
A=
9600 lt/jam
= 12 m2
Maka,
a. Volume bak ( Vol )
Vol = Q total x td
= 0.032 m3/dt x 1200 dt
= 38.4 m3
b. Dimensi bak
A=LxB

B = 2.L

L = ( 12 m2 / 2 )1/2
L = 2.45 m
B = 2 * 2.45 m
= 4.9 m
V=PxLxH
38.4 m3 = 4.9 m x 2.45 m x H
H = 3.19 m
Htotal = H + Freeboard ( 10%-20% )H
= 3.19 m + 20% (3.19 m)
= 3.19 m + 0.638 m

= 3.828 m
5. Kecepatan di bak flotasi ( V )
Q
V=
A
0.032 m3/dt
V=
12 m2
= 0.0026 m/dt
6. Minyak dan lemak teremoval = Influent x % Removal
= 20 mglt x 97%
= 19.4 mg/lt
Effluent minyak dan lemak dari bak flotasi
= Influent Minyak dan Lemak teremoval
= 20 mg/lt 19.4 mg/lt
= 0.6 mg/lt
7. Total minyak yang dihilangkan
= 19.4 mg/lt x 32 lt/dt
= 620.8 mg/dt
= 0.000064 kg/dt
= 5.36 kg/hari
( Sumber : Industrial Water Pollution Control, Eckenfelder, hal 78 - 80 )

8. Bak pengumpul minyak

a. Debit minyak ( Qmi )
Berat minyak
Qmi =

0.000062 kg/dt
Qmi =
0.8 kg/lt
= 0.000076 lt/dt
b. Volume minyak ( Vmi )
td = 1200 dt
Vmi = Qmi x td
= 0.000076 lt/dt x 1200 dt
= 0.93 lt = 0.00093 m3
c. Dimensi bak pengumpul minyak

Panjang bak pengumpul minyak ( p ) = Lebar bak

flotasi = 2.45 m.

Kedalaman bak ( h ) = h + (freeboard)

= 0.3m + 20%(0.3)m
= 0.3 m + 0.06 m
= 0.36 m

Lebar bak ( B )
Vmi
=
Pxh

0.00093 m2
=

= 0.0011 m
( 2.45 m) ( 0.36 m )

Tinggi air diatas bak pengumpul minyak ( H )

Qmi

= 2/3. Cd . ( 2.g )1/2. B. H3/2

7.76 x 10-4 m3/dt = 2/3 ( 0.75 ) ( 2.9.81 )1/2 .( 2.45 ) H3/2

H2/3

= 1.43 x 10-4 m

= 0.0027 m

( Sumber : Hidrolika, hal 191 )

H = 0.0027m
0.36 m

Sketsa gambar
Tinggi air di atas bak pengumpul minyak
9. Saluran pelimpah air ( gutter )

Lebar gutter ( B ) = Lebar bak flotasi = 2.45 m

Panjang gutter ( p ) = 0.8 m

Kedalaman gutter ( H ) = 0.3 m

H total = H + freeboard (10%-20%)H

= 0.3 + 20%(0.3) = 0.36 m

Tinggi air diatas gutter ( h )

Q

= 2/3. Cd . ( 2.g )1/2. B. H3/2

0.032 m3/dt = 2/3 ( 0.75 ) ( 2 x 9.81 )1/2 ( 2.45 m ). H3/2

0.032 m3/dt = 4.14 H3/2
H3/2

= 0.00589

= 0.03 m

0.03 m
0.36 m

Sketsa gambar
Tinggi air di atas gutter
10. Pipa Outlet

Debit Influent = 0.32 m3/dt

Debit Effluent Flotasi = QIn Qmi
= 0.032 m3/dt 0.000776 m3/dt
= 0.031224 m3/dt

Kecepatan aliran ( v ) = 0.3 m/dt

Luas penampang pipa ( A )

0.031224 m3/dt

Q
A=
V

= 0.1041 m2

=
0.3 m/dt

Diameter pipa
D = ( ( 4.A ) / )1/2
= ( ( 4 x 0.1041 m2 ) / 3.14 )1/2
= 0.36 m

3m

0.3 m

3.76 m
Gambar potongan flotasi

1.3 m