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`WmdV hr {bIVo h Ama dUZ hrZm{YH$ ^r `moOZ H$m nmofU H$aVm hAm {Z${nV H$aVo h&
B`m{X Bgr H$ma OmZZm&
VWm gJ$n H$Wm ^r JWH$Vm AnZo {dMmamZwgma H$hVo h& Ogo - Y_narjm _| _yIm] H$s
H$Wm {bIr; gmo dhr H$Wm _ZmodoJ Zo H$hr Wr, Eogm {Z`_ Zht h; naVw _yInZo H$m nmofU H$aZo
dmbr H$moB H$Wm H$hr Wr, Eogo A{^m` H$m nmofU H$aVo h& BgrH$ma A` OmZZm&
`hm H$moB H$ho - A`WmW H$hZm Omo OZ em _| g^d Zht h?
Cma - A`Wm Vmo CgH$m Zm_ h Omo `moOZ A` H$m A` H$Q> H$ao& Ogo - {H$gr go H$hm
{H$ Vy Eogm H$hZm, CgZo do hr Aja Vmo Zht H$ho, naVw Cgr `moOZ g{hV H$ho Vmo Cgo {_`mdmXr
Zht H$hVo - Eogm OmZZm& `{X Ogo H$m Vgm {bIZo H$m gXm` hmo Vmo {H$gr Zo ~hV H$ma go
dam` {MVdZ {H$`m Wm, CgH$m gd dUZ {bIZo go JW ~T> OmòJm, VWm Hw$N> Z {bIZo go
CgH$m ^md ^m{gV Zht hmoJm, Bg{bE dam` Ho$ {R>H$mZo WmoS>m-~hV AnZo {dMma Ho$ AZwgma
dam` nmofH$ hr H$WZ H$a|Jo, gamJ nmofH$ H$WZ Zht H$a|Jo& dhm `moOZ A`Wm Zht hAm,
Bg{bE A`WmW Zht H$hVo& BgrH$ma A` OmZZm&
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VWm W_mZw`moJ _| {OgH$s _w`Vm hmo Cgr H$m nmofU H$aVo h& Ogo - {H$gr Zo Cndmg
{H$`m, CgH$m Vmo \$b An Wm, naVw Cgo A` Y_n[aU{V H$s {deofVm hB, Bg{bE {deof CM
nX H$s mpV hB, dhm CgH$mo Cndmg hr H$m \$b {Z${nV H$aVo h& BgrH$ma A` OmZZm&
VWm {OgH$ma {H$gr Zo erbm{X H$s {Vkm T> aIr d Z_H$ma _ H$m _aU {H$`m d A`
Y_-gmYZ {H$`m, CgHo$ H$Q> Xa hE, A{Ve` H$Q> hE; dhm Cht H$m dgm \$b Zht hAm h,
naVw A` {H$gr H$_ Ho$ CX` go dgo H$m` hE h; VWm{n CZH$mo CZ erbm{XH$ H$m hr \$b
{Z${nV H$aVo h& CgrH$ma H$moB nmn H$m` {H$`m, CgH$mo Cgr H$m Vmo dgm \$b Zht hAm h,
naVw A` H$_ Ho$ CX` go ZrMJ{V H$mo mV hAm AWdm H$Q>m{XH$ hE; Cgo Cgr nmnH$m` H$m
\$b {Z${nV H$aVo h& - B`m{X BgrH$ma OmZZm&
`hm H$moB H$ho - Eogm PyR>m \$b {XIbmZm Vmo `mo` Zht h; Eogo H$WZ H$mo _mU H$go H$a|?
g_mYmZ - Omo AkmZr Ord ~hV \$b {XImò {~Zm Y_ _| Z bJ| d nmn go Z S>a|, CZH$m
^bm H$aZo Ho$ AW Eogm dUZ H$aVo h& PyR> Vmo V~ hmo, O~ Y_ Ho$ \$b H$mo nmn H$m \$b ~Vbm`|,
nmn Ho$ \$b H$mo Y_ H$m \$b ~Vbm`|, naVw Eogm Vmo h Zht& Ogo - Xg nwf {_bH$a H$moB H$m`
H$a|, dhm CnMma go EH$ nwf H$m ^r {H$`m H$hm Omò Vmo Xmof Zht h& AWdm {OgHo$ {nVm{XH$ Zo
H$moB H$m` {H$`m hmo, Cgo EH$ Om{V Anojm CnMma go nwm{XH$ H$m {H$`m H$hm Omò Vmo Xmof Zht h&
CgrH$ma ~hV ew^ d Aew^H$m`m] H$m EH$ \$b hAm, Cgo CnMma go EH$ ew^ d Aew^H$m` H$m \$b
H$hm Omò Vmo Xmof Zht h& AWdm A` ew^ d Aew^H$m` H$m \$b Omo hAm hmo, Cgo EH$ Om{V Anojm
CnMma go {H$gr A` hr ew^ d Aew^H$m` H$m \$b H$h| Vmo Xmof Zht h&
CnXoe _| H$ht `dhmadUZ h, H$ht {ZM`dUZ h& `hm CnMma$n `dhma dUZ {H$`m h,
BgH$ma Bgo _mU H$aVo h& BgH$mo VmaV` Zht _mZ boZm; VmaV` H$m Vmo H$aUmZw`moJ _|
{Z$nU {H$`m h, gmo OmZZm&
VWm W_mZw`moJ _| CnMma$n {H$gr Y_ H$m AJ hmoZo na gnyU Y_ hAm H$hVo h& Ogo {OZ Ordm| Ho$ eH$m-H$mjm{XH$ Zht hE, CZH$mo g`d hAm H$hVo h; naVw {H$gr EH$ H$m` _|
eH$m-H$mjm Z H$aZo go hr Vmo g`d Zht hmoVm, g`d Vmo VdlmZ hmoZo na hmoVm h; naVw
{ZM` g`d H$m Vmo `dhma g`d _| CnMma {H$`m Ama `dhma g`d Ho$ {H$gr EH$
AJ _| gnyU `dhma g`d H$m CnMma {H$`m - BgH$ma CnMma mam g`d hAm H$hVo
h&
VWm {H$gr OZem H$m EH$ AJ OmZZo na g`kmZ hAm H$hVo h& gmo ge`m{X a{hV
VdkmZ hmoZo na g`kmZ hmoVm h; naVw `hm nyddV CnMma go g`kmZ H$hVo h&
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VWm H$moB ^bm AmMaU hmoZo na g`H$Mm[a hAm H$hVo h& dhm {OgZo OZY_ AJrH$ma
{H$`m hmo d H$moB N>moQ>r-_moQ>r {Vkm JhU H$s hmo, Cgo lmdH$ H$hVo h& gmo lmdH$ Vmo nM_
JwUWmZdVu hmoZo na hmoVm h; naVw nyddV CnMma go Bgo lmdH$ H$hm h& CmanwamU _| lo{UH$ H$mo
lmdH$mom_ H$hm h gmo dh Vmo Ag`V Wm; naVw OZ Wm Bg{bE H$hm h& BgrH$ma A` OmZZm&
VWm Omo g`da{hV _w{ZqbJ YmaU H$ao, d ` go ^r H$moB A{VMma bJmVm hmo, Cgo _w{Z
H$hVo h& gmo _w{Z Vmo fR>m{X JwUWmZdVu hmoZo na hmoVm h; naVw nyddV CnMma go Cgo _w{Z H$hm
h& g_dgaU g^m _| _w{Z`m| H$s g`m H$hr, dhm gd hr ew ^mdqbJr _w{Z Zht Wo; naVw
_w{ZqbJ YmaU H$aZo go g^r H$mo _w{Z H$hm& BgrH$ma A` OmZZm&
VWm W_mZw`moJ _| H$moB Y_~w{ go AZw{MV H$m` H$ao, CgH$s ^r egm H$aVo h& Ogo {dUwHw$_ma Zo _w{Z`m| H$m CngJ Xa {H$`m gmo Y_mZwamJ go {H$`m; naVw _w{ZnX N>moS>H$a `h H$m`
H$aZm `mo` Zht Wm; `m|{H$ Eogm H$m` Vmo JhW Y_ _| g^d h, Ama JhW Y_ go _w{ZY_
D$Mm h; gmo D$Mm Y_ N>moS>H$a ZrMm Y_ AJrH$ma {H$`m, dh A`mo` h; naVw dmg` AJ H$s
YmZVm go {dUwHw$_maOr H$s egm H$s h& Bg N>b go Amam| H$mo D$Mm Y_ N>moS>H$a ZrMm Y_
AJrH$ma H$aZm `mo` Zht h&
VWm {OgH$ma dmbo Zo _w{Z H$mo ApZ go Vnm`m, gmo H$Um go `h H$m` {H$`m; naVw Amò
hE CngJ H$mo Vmo Xa H$ao, ghO AdWm _| Omo erVm{XH$ narfh hmoVm h, Cgo Xa H$aZo na a{V
_mZZo H$m H$maU hmoVm h, Ama Ch| a{V H$aZm Zht h, V~ CQ>m CngJ hmoVm h& Bgr go {ddoH$s
CZHo$ erVm{XH$ H$m CnMma Zht H$aVo& dmbm A{ddoH$s Wm, H$Um go `h H$m` {H$`m, Bg{bE
CgH$s egm H$s h, naVw Bg N>b go Amam| H$mo Y_n{V _| Omo {d hmo, dh H$m` H$aZm `mo`
Zht h&
VWm Ogo - dOH$aU amOm Zo qghmoXa amOm H$mo Z_Z Zht {H$`m, _w{H$m _| {V_m aIr; gmo
~S>o-~S>o g`pQ> amOm{XH$ H$mo Z_Z H$aVo h, Cg_| Xmof Zht h; VWm _w{H$m _| {V_m aIZo _|
A{dZ` hmoVr h, `WmdV {d{Y go Eogr {V_m Zht hmoVr, Bg{bò Bg H$m` _| Xmof h; naVw Cgo
Eogm kmZ Zht Wm, Cgo Vmo Y_mZwamJ go "_ Ama H$mo Z_Z Zht H$$Jm' Eogr ~w{ hB; Bg{bE
CgH$s egm H$s h& naVw Bg N>b go Amam| H$mo Eogo H$m` H$aZm `mo` Zht h&
VWm {H$VZo hr nwfm| Zo nwm{XH$ H$s mpV Ho$ AW AWdm amoJ-H$Q>m{X Xa H$aZo Ho$ AW
M`mb` nyOZm{X H$m` {H$ò, Vmom{X {H$ò, Z_H$ma _ _aU {H$`m; naVw Eogm H$aZo go Vmo
{Z:H$m{jVJwU H$m A^md hmoVm h, {ZXmZ~Y Zm_H$ AmV`mZ hmoVm h, nmn hr H$m `moOZ
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AVaJ _| h, Bg{bò nmn hr H$m ~Y hmoVm h; naVw _mo{hV hmoH$a ^r ~hV nmn~Y H$m H$maU
Hw$Xodm{X H$m Vmo nyOZm{X Zht {H$`m, BVZm CgH$m JwU JhU H$aHo$ CgH$s egm H$aVo h& Bg N>b go
Amam| H$mo bm{H$H$ H$m`m] Ho$ AW Y_ gmYZ H$aZm `wV Zht h& Bgr H$ma A` OmZZm&
BgrH$ma W_mZw`moJ _| A` H$WZ ^r hm|, Ch| `Wmg^d OmZH$a ^_$n Zht hmoZm&
AZw`moJm| Ho$ `m`mZ H$s n{V

A~, BZ AZw`moJm| _| H$gr n{V H$s _w`Vm nm`r OmVr h, gmo H$hVo h:W_mZw`moJ _| Vmo AbH$ma em H$s d H$m`m{X emm| H$s n{V _w` h; `m|{H$
AbH$mam{XH$ go _Z aOm`_mZ hmoVm h, grYr ~mV H$hZo go Eogm Cn`moJ Zht bJVm - Ogm
AbH$mam{X `wpV g{hV H$WZ go Cn`moJ bJVm h& VWm namoj ~mV H$mo Hw$N> A{YH$VmnydH$
{Z$nU {H$`m Omò Vmo CgH$m d$n ^br-^m{V ^m{gV hmoVm h&
W_mZw`moJ _| Xmof-H$nZm H$m {ZamH$aU

{H$VZo hr Ord H$hVo h - W_mZw`moJ _| mJmam{XH$ d gJm_m{XH$ H$m ~hV H$WZ H$aVo h,
CZHo$ {Z{_m go amJm{XH$ ~T> OmVo h, Bg{bò Eogm H$WZ Zht H$aZm Wm d Eogm H$WZ gwZZm Zht&
CZgo H$hVo h - H$Wm H$hZm hmo, V~ Vmo g^r AdWmAm| H$m H$WZ H$aZm Mm{hE; VWm `{X
AbH$mam{X mam ~T>mH$a H$WZ H$aVo h, gmo npS>Vm| Ho$ dMZ Vmo `wpVg{hV hr {ZH$bVo h&
Ama `{X Vw_ H$hmoJo {H$ g~Y {_bmZo H$mo gm_m` H$WZ {H$`m hmoVm, ~T>mH$a H$WZ
{H$g{bò {H$`m?
CgH$m CVa `h h {H$ namoj H$WZ H$mo ~T>mH$a H$ho {~Zm CgH$m d$n ^m{gV Zht hmoVm&
VWm nhbo Vmo ^moJ-gJm_m{X BgH$ma {H$ò, nMmV g~H$m `mJ H$aHo$ _w{Z hE; B`m{X
M_H$ma V^r ^m{gV hm|Jo, O~ ~T>mH$a H$WZ {H$`m Omò&
VWm Vw_ H$hVo hmo - CgHo$ {Z{_m go amJm{XH$ ~T> OmVo h; gmo Ogo H$moB M`mb` ~Zdmò,
CgH$m `moOZ Vmo dhm Y_H$m` H$amZo H$m h; Ama H$moB nmnr dhm nmnH$m` H$ao Vmo M`mb` ~ZdmZo
dmbo H$m Vmo Xmof Zht h& CgrH$ma lrJw Zo nwamUm{X _| mJ mam{X H$m dUZ {H$`m; dhm CZH$m `moOZ
amJm{XH$ H$amZo H$m Vmo h Zht, Y_ _| bJmZo H$m `moOZ h; naVw H$moB nmnr Y_ Z H$ao Ama amJm{XH$
hr ~T>mò Vmo lrJw H$m `m Xmof h?
`{X Vy H$ho {H$ amJm{XH$ H$m {Z{_m hmo Eogm H$WZ hr Zht H$aZm Wm&
CgH$m Cma `h h - gamJr Ordm| H$m _Z Ho$db dam` H$WZ _| Zht bJVm& Bg{bò {Og
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H$ma ~mbH$ H$mo ~Vmeo Ho$ Aml` go Amf{Y XoVo h; CgrH$ma gamJr H$mo ^moJm{X H$WZ Ho$
Aml` go Y_ _| {M H$amVo h&
`{X Vy H$hoJm - Eogm h Vmo {damJr nwfm| H$mo Vmo Eogo JWm| H$m A`mg H$aZm `mo` Zht h?
CgH$m Cma `h h - {OZHo$ AVaJ _| amJ^md Zht h, CZH$mo mJmam{X H$WZ gwZZo na amJm{X
CnZ hr Zht hmoVo& do OmZVo h {H$ `hm BgrH$ma H$WZ H$aZo H$s n{V h&
{\$a Vy H$hoJm - {OZH$mo mJmam{X H$m H$WZ gwZZo na amJm{X hmo Am`|, Ch| Vmo dgm H$WZ
gwZZm `mo` Zht h?
CgH$m Cma `h h - Ohm Y_ hr H$m `moOZ h Ama Ohm-Vhm Y_ H$m nmofU H$aVo h - Eogo
OZ nwamUm{XH$ _| gJde mJmam{XH$ H$m H$WZ {H$`m h& Cgo gwZH$a ^r Omo ~hV amJr hAm Vmo
dh A` H$hm {damJr hmoJm? dh Vmo nwamU gwZZm N>moS>H$a A` H$m` ^r Eogo hr H$aoJm, Ohm
~hV amJm{X hm|; Bg{bò CgH$mo ^r nwamU gwZZo go WmoS>r-~hV Y_~w{ hmo Vmo hmo& A` H$m`m] go
Vmo `h H$m` ^bm hr h&
VWm H$moB H$ho - W_mZw`moJ _| A` Ordm| H$s H$hm{Z`m h, CZgo AnZm `m `moOZ gYVm
h?
Cggo H$hVo h - Ogo H$m_r nwfm| H$s H$Wm gwZZo na AnZo H$mo ^r H$m_ H$m o_ ~T>Vm h; Cgr
H$ma Y_m_m nwfm| H$s H$Wm gwZZo na AnZo H$mo Y_ H$s r{V {deof hmoVr h& Bg{bò W_mZw`moJ
H$m A`mg H$aZm `mo` h&
AZw`moJm| H$m A`mg H$_

dhm W_mZw`moJm{XH$ H$m A`mg H$aZm& nhbo BgH$m A`mg H$aZm, {\$a BgH$m H$aZm Eogm
{Z`_ Zht h, naVw AnZo n[aUm_m| H$s AdWm XoIH$a {OgHo$ A`mg go AnZr Y_ _| d{m
hmo Cgr H$m A`mg H$aZm& AWdm H$^r {H$gr em H$m A`mg H$ao, H$^r {H$gr em H$m
A`mg H$ao& VWm Ogo - amoOZm_Mo _| Vmo AZoH$ aH$_| Ohm-Vhm {bIr h, CZH$s ImVo _| R>rH$
IVmZr H$ao Vmo boZ-XoZ H$m {ZM` hmo; CgrH$ma emm| _| Vmo AZoH$ H$ma H$m CnXoe Ohm-Vhm
{X`m h, Cgo g`kmZ _| `WmW `moOZg{hV nhMmZo Vmo {hV-A{hV H$m {ZM` hmo&
Bg{bò `mVnX H$s gmnojVm g{hV g`kmZ mam Omo Ord {OZdMZm| _| a_Vo h, do erK
hr ewm_d$n H$mo mV hmoVo h& _moj_mJ _| nhbm Cnm` AmJ_kmZ H$hm h, AmJ_kmZ {~Zm
Y_ H$m gmYZ Zht hmo gH$Vm, Bg{bE Vwh| ^r `WmW ~w{ mam AmJ_ H$m A`mg H$aZm& Vwhmam
- _moj_mJ H$meH$, AmR>dm A{YH$ma
H$`mU hmoJm&
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lr nX_nwamU ^mfmdM{ZH$m _| g_mJV Am`mp_H$ Q>mVm| H$s PbH$

O~ ndZO` Zo hZw_mZ H$mo `wXY Ho$ {bE OmZo go amoH$m V{X hZw_mZ ~mobo - AZm{XH$mbV Ord MVwJ{V{df ^_U H$a h, nM_J{V Omo _wpV gmo O~
VH$ AkmZ H$m CX` h V~ VH$ Ord Zo nmB Zmht, naVw ^Òrd nmd hr h& Vg h_Zo A~ VH$ `w
{H$`m Zmht, naVw A~ `wH$a dU H$mo OrVhtJo
dU H$m g_V H$Q>H$ hZw_mZV hmam, Og {OZ_mJu Ho$ AZoH$mVZ`H$[a {_`mpQ> hma&
bmoH${ZHy$ ^`$n XoI Amn YZwf H$s {nUM CVma _hm{dZ` g`wV am_ Ho$ {ZH$Q> AmE& Og
kmZ Ho$ {ZH$Q> dam` Amd&
MmbVo AOZ{J[a g_mZ Xem|{Xem{df `m_Vm hmo` ahr h& {dOwar M_H$ h, ~Jwbm{Z H$s npV
{dMa h Aa {ZaVa ~mXb{Z Ho$ Ob ~ag h Og ^JdmZ Ho$ O_H$`mUH$ {df Xod aZYmam
~agmd&
Ogo `mdZ AdWm{df Ag`{_`m| H$m _Z {df` dmgZm{df ^_& Aa `h _oK ZmO Ho$ IoV
N>moS> dWm ndV Ho$ {df ~af h, Ogo H$moB `dmZ nmXmZ Aa H$UmXmZ VO do`m{XH$ Hw$_mJ{df
YZ ImoO&
gmo XmoD$ nwf grVm {~Zm Z emo^Vo Ê, Og g`pQ> {~Zm kmZ-Mm[a Z gmoh&
JmV_ dm_r amOm lo{UH$gy H$h h - ho amOZ! AHo$bm b_U {dmYa{Z H$s goZmHy$
~mU{ZH$[a Eogm amoH$Vm ^`m Og g`_r gmYw Am_kmZH$a {df`mdmgZmHy$ amoH|$&
V~ Amn pQ> Ya XoIm H$moQ>{df doe H${R>Z OmZm, _mZmo `h H$moQ> {daV r Ho$ _Z g_mZ X:doe
h&
V~ do amdU H$s Amkm_mU Hw$dMZ ~mobVo bo {ZH$go& gmo `h ~YZ VwS>m` D$Mm M`m Og
`{V _moh\$mg VmoS> _mojnwarHy$ Om`&
gmo Amn Zaqgh$n VrU ZI{ZH$a {~Xmar Aa JXm Ho$ KmVH$[a H$moQ> MyaU {H$`m, Ogo
ewb`mZ$nr _w{Z {Z_b ^md{ZH$[a Km{V`m H$_ H$s pW{V MyaU H$a&
AWmZVa `h {dm _hm ^`H$a ^JHy$ mV ^B& V~ _oK H$s d{Z g_mZ d{Z ^B, {dm
^mJ JB, H$moQ> {dKQ> J`m& Ogo {OZo Ho$ VmoH$[a nmnH$_ {dKQ> Om`&
dm_r Ho$ H$m` Eogm `w ^`m Ogm _mZ Ho$ _mXd Ho$ `w hmo`&
gmP Ho$ g_` gmP \y$br, gy` AV g_` {H$aU gH$moMZo bJm, Og g`_r H$fm`m| H$mo
gH$moM&
Og {OZamO Ho$ {ZH$Q> MT>m`m ` {Z_m` hmo` h, Vm{h Xo{IE h, naVw Xmof Zmht& A`mo`
A^` dVw Am{I{Zgy Xo{Iò h naVw XoIo Xmof Zmht, AJrH$ma H$sò Xmof h&
Og XeZmdaUr` H$_ XeZ Ho$ H$meHy$ amoH$ Vg Hw$^H$aU H$s {dm dmZader{Z Ho$ Zo{Z Ho$
H$meHy$ amoH$Vr ^B&
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&& em-dm`m` H$m map^H$ _JbmMaU &&

AmoH$ma {~Xg`wV {Z` `m`pV `mo{JZ:&
H$m_X _mojX Md H$mam` Z_mo Z_:&&
A{dabeXKZmKjm{bVgH$b^yVb_bH$b>m&
_w{Z{^nm{gVVrWm gadVr! haVw Zmo X[aVmZ&&
AkmZ{V{_amYmZm kmZmOZebmH$`m&
Mjw_r{bV òZ V_ lrJwado Z_:&&
lr na_Jwado Z_:, nanamMm`Jwado Z_:

gH$bH$bw f {dd g H $ , lo ` gm n[adY H $ , Y_ g ~YH $ , ^Òrd_Z:{V~moYH$maH$, nw`H$meH$, nmnUmeH${_X em lrh[adenwamU-^mfmdM{ZH$m
Zm_Yo ` A` _y b J WH$Vm a : lrgd k Xo d mVX maJ WH$Vm a : lrJUYaXo d m:
{VJUYaXodmVofm dMZmZwgma_mgm AmMm`lrHw$XHw$XmZmò AmMm`{OZgoZ{da{MV
h[adenwamU VXmYmaoU npS>VXmbVam_oU {da{MV_&
lmoVma: gmdYmZV`m mdVw

_b ^JdmZ dramo _b JmV_mo JUr&
_b Hw$XHw$Xm`m} OZY_m}@Vw _b_&&
gd _ b_m` gd H $`mUH$maH$_ &
YmZ gdY_mUm OZ O`Vw emgZ_&&
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17
&& Z_ {go`&&
h[adenwamU ^mfm
&& bmoH$&&
{g Ym```monmXbjU `gmYZ_&
OZ `mnojmV gmZmW emgZ_&&1&&
AW - W_ hr OZemgZ H${hò OZ{gmV gmo O`dV hmod&o H$gm h {OZemgZ, CnmX
`` Ym ` $n Omo gmm gmo h bjU {OgH$m& Eogm Omo ` H${hò fQ> `m| H$m g_yh CgH$m
gmYZ H${hò H$WZ H$aUhmam h& Ama H$gm h {OZgy - {g H${hò dV {g h& {H$gr H$a
{H$`m Zht Ama `m{WH$ Z` H$a AZm{X h Ama n`m`m{WH$ Z` H$a Am{X g{hV h&
^mdmW - dmh $n AZm{X H$mb go dV} h Ama gXm dV}Jm, Bggo AZm{X AZV h& Ama
O~ JQ> hmo` h V~ Ho$dbr Ho$ _wI go JQ>o h Bggo Am{X g{hV h Ama Oo fQ> ` h do d`
djo dH$mb d^md H$s Anojm ApV $n h Ama na` najo naH$mb na^md H$s Anojm
ZmpV$n h& Bg ^m{V g~ hr ` ApV ZmpV$n h Ama {OZemgZ ApV ZmpV H$m JQ>
H$aZo dmbm h&&1&& Ama lr d_mZ VrWH$a {OZoda Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h lr d_mZ,
lr H${hò AZV MVwQ>` {d^y{V gmo {OZHo$ d{ H$mo m ^B h& Ama H$go h, ew kmZ Ho$
H$meH$ h amJm{XH$ a{hV Omo ew kmZ gmoB h H$mm {OZH$m Ama bmoH$mbmoH$ Ho$ EH$ A{Vr`
gy` h&&2&& lr G$f^ZmW dm_r Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h df^, g~Ho$ km`H$ h gdkXod
h Ama gd `dWm H${hò gH$b H$_^{y _ H$s ar{V VmHo$ CnXoeH$ h A{g, _{g, H${f, dm{UO
Am{X gd ar{V`m| Ho$ {Z$nU H$maUhmao h Ama {H$`m h Am{X hr Y_ VrW H$m dmZ {Ohm|Z&o
^mdmW lmdH$ Ho$ AUwdV Ama `{V Ho$ _hmdV {VZ g~m| H$m _mJ {Z$nUhmao h Ama
d`^y H${hò Amn hr AnZr e{$ H$a JQ> ^ò h Ama VrWH$a nX H$mo m ^ò h&&3&& Ama
A{OVZmW dm_r Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h A{OVZmW, {Ohm|Zo XOm VrW JQ> {H$`m& W_
hr VrW Vmo G$f^ H$m g_` Ama XOm VrW BZH$m g_`& H$go h A{OVZmW, JUYam{X g_V
_w{Z`m| Ho$ Bda h Ama OrVo h H$_ ew {Ohm|Zo Ama A{OV Zo Y_$n VrW H$mo A{OVVm Ho$ ^md
H$mo m {H$`m h& {OZH$m ^m`m Y_ H$moB IpS>V Z H$a gHo$ drVamJ H$m Y_ Anam{OV h&& 4&&
Ama VrOo VrWH$a lr g^dZmW Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o {OZ g^dZmWOr Ho$ hmoVo gVo ^JdmZ Ho$
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^$ Oo ^` Ord do Eogm {dMmaVo ^ò {H$ gwI ggma {dfo h dm _w{$ {dfo h&
^mdmW A{ddoH$s OrdZ Ho$ `h {dMma Zht {H$ gwI H$hm h? g^dZmW Ho$ CnXoe go ^`
Ord Eogm {dMma H$aVo ^ò Omo ggma Vmo MVwJ{ V X:I$n hr h Bg_| gwI Zht& gwI$n EH$
{ZdmU hr h Eogm {ddoH$ {OZHo$ CnXoe go ^`m| Ho$ hmoVm ^`m& Eogo lr g^dZmW H$o VmB gwI H$s
m{ Ho$ AW ~mamma Z_H$ma hmod&o &5&& Ama A{^ZXZ dm_r Ho$ VmB h_mam _Z dM H$m` H$a
Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h A{^ZXZ, g_V bmoH$ H$mo AmZX CnOmdZhmao h Ama {OZo h,
JUYam{X _w{Z`m| Ho$ B h gmo A{^ZXZ dm_r MmWm VrW JQ> H$aVo ^ò&
^mdmW A{^ZXZ H$m g_` MmWm VrW H${hò {OgH$a ^` Ord ^dgmJa {Va|& H$gm h
^JdmZ H$m AdW H${hò g`mW h&&6&& VrW Ama nmMdo VrWH$a lr gw_{VZmW Ho$ VmB gw~{w
H$s m{ Ho$ AW gXm Z_H$ma hmod&o gmo ^JdmZ gw_{VZmW nmMdm VrW dVmdVo Ê& H$gm h
CZH$m VrW, {dVma g{hV Y_ H$m AW {Og {dfo&&7&& Ama NR>o lrn^ VrWH$a Ho$ VmB
Z_H$ma hmod&o {OZH$s ^m H${hò Xr{V Xem| {Xem H$mo CmoV H$aVr ^B& H$gr h n^ H$s
^m, OrVr h H$_b H$s ^m {OgZo&
^mdmW H$_b H$s ^m ^r Ama$ h Ama n^ H$s ^m ^r Ama$ h naVw n^ H$s
^m g_mZ H$_b H$s ^m Zht&&8&& Ama g_ VrWH$a lr gwnmdZmW Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o
H$go h gwnmdZmW, H$VmW h Am_m {OZH$m gmo gwnmdZmW gmVd| VrW H$mo ^` OrdZ Ho$
H$`mU {Z{_m dVmdVo ^ò& H$go h ^JdmZ gwnmdZmW, H${hò Ho$db Am_mWVmH$a nyU
h&&9&& Ama A>_ VrWH$a lr M^ Omo A>_ VrW Ho$ H$mm h {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o M_m
g_mZ h Cdb H$s{V {OZH$s ^JdmZ H$s H$s{V Ho$ Vw` M_m H$hm, naVw X>mV XoIr dVw
hr H$m XoIZo _| Amdo h& H$gm h ^JdmZ H$m VrW, Bm{XH$ Xodm| H$a ny` h& Ama H$go h ^JdmZ,
gH$b Ho$ ajH$ h MVw{dY gK H$o dm_r h&&10&& Ama lr nwnXV Zd_| VrWH$a Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma
hmod&o H$go ho nwnXV, AnZr Xoh H$s Ama XmVZ H$s Ag` ^mH$a OrVr h Hw$X Ho$ nwn H$s ^m
{Ohm|Z&o
^mdmW XmV Vmo g~ hr Ho$ Cdb h, naVw nwnXV H$s Xoh ^r Hw$X Ho$ nwn g_mZ
Cdb h M^ Ama nwnXV ò XmoZmo doV dU h& `{n Hw$X H$m nwn Cdb h VWm{n Hw$X
Ho$ nwn H$s ^m {OZoda H$s ^m g_mZ Cdb Zhr&&11&& Ama Xe_ VrWH$a lr erVbZmW
Hw$_mJ Ho$ Zme H$aUhmao Y_ VrW Ho$ H$mm {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$gm h {OZH$m VrW H${hò
mUr {VZHo$ gVmn H$m {ZdmaUhmam h Ama ew{M H${hò n{d h Ama ^d-AmVmn H$m _oQ>Zhmam
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_hm erVb h&&12&& Ama `mahdo VrWH$a lr lo`mgZmW AahV Xod {dN>Xo hmo J`m Omo Y_ VrW
{VgH$mo JQ> H$a ^` OrdZ H$s ^d \$mgr H$mo erK hr N>Xo Vo ^ò {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o
^mdmW erVbZmW dm_r Ho$ _w{$ JE nrN>o Y_ H$s {d{N>{m ^B, Y_ H$m bmon hmo J`m gmo
lo`mgZmW dm_r Y_ H$m CmoV H$a ^Òrdm| H$mo nma H$aVo Ê&&13&& Ama ~mad| dmgwny `
dm_r bmo` Ho$ gy` {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h dmgwny `, Hw$VrW H${hò Hw$_mJ gmoB ^`m
AYH$ma {VgH$mo _oQ> H$a ~mahdm VrW _hm Cdb {VgH$mo JQ> H$aVo ^ò& H$go h dmgwny `, gy`
VrZ bmoH$ Ho$ dm_r h OJV n{V h&&14&& Ama Voahd| VrWH$aOr lr {d_bZmW {VZHo$ VmB
Z_H$ma hmod&o Omo lr {d_bZmW Hw$_mJ $nr _b H$a _{bZ Omo OJV Cgo Y_$n VrWH$a {Z_b
H$aVo ^ò&&15&& Ama MmXhd| VrWH$a lr AZVZmW VrW H${hò Y_ VmHo$ H$mm {OZamO {VZHo$
VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o Hw${gmV H${hò {_`m em gmoB ^`m V_ H${hò AYH$ma VmHo$ ôXZo H$mo
gy` g_mZ h CnXoe {OZH$m&&16&& Ama nhd| VrWH$a lr Y_ZmW _hm_w{Z Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma
hmod&o H$go h Y_ZmW, Y_ VrW Ho$ H$mm h& H$go h Y_VrW, AY_ H$m Omo _mJ gmoB ^`m nmVmb
Cg {dfo nS>Vo Oo mUr {VZHo$ Cma H$aZo H$mo g_W h&
^mdmW nwnXV H$mo _w{$ Jò nrN>o erVbZmW Ho$ AVamb {dfo nmd n` Y_ H$s {d{N>{m
^B Ama erVbZmW Ho$ _w{$ Jò nrN>o lo`mgZmW Ho$ AVamb {dfo AmY n` Y_ H$s {d{N>{m ^B
Ama dmgwny ` Ho$ AVamb {dfo nmU n` {d{N>{m ^B Ama {d_bZmW Ho$ AVamb {dfo EH$ n`
H$s {d{N>{m ^B Ama AZVZmW Ho$ AVamb {dfo nmZ n` Ama Y_ZmW Ho$ AVamb {dfo AmY
n` Ama empVZmW Ho$ AVamb {dfo nmd n` Bg ^m{V gmV VrWH$am| Ho$ AVamb {dfo Y_
H$s {d{N>{m Mma n` ^B, O~ VrWH$a CnOo V~ Y_ H$m CmoV ^`m&&17&& Ama CnOm`m h
Y_VrW {Ohm|Zo Eogo Omo gmobhd| VrWH$a nmMdo MH$dVu lr empVZmW {VZH$mo ^d X:I H$s em{V
Ho$ AW Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h empVZmW, H$ar h ZmZm H$ma H$s empV {Ohm|Zo Ama na_ emV
h d$n {OZH$m&
^mdmW ggma {dfo gmV H$ma H$s B{V h - A{Vd{> 1, AZmd{> 2, _ygH$ 3, {Q>>r 4,
gydm 5, AmnH$m H$Q>H$ 6, na H$m H$Q>H$ 7 ò g B{V h, {VZHo$ ^JdmZ {ZdmaH$ h&&18&& Ama
gVahd| lr Hw$WwZmW {OZo N>R>o MH$dVu {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o VrZ bmoH$ {df {dVma ahr
h H$s{V {OZH$s Eogo ^JdmZ H$wWwZmW {VZH$a gVahdm VrW dVm&&19&& Ama ARm>ahd| ^JdmZ
gmVd| MH$dVu nmn $n ~ar Ho$ Zme H$aUhmao lr AaZmW {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h
AaZmW, ggma Ho$ Omo Wmda OJ_ gH$b mUr {VZH$mo Y_ VrWH$a H$`mU Ho$ H$aUhmao h&&20&&
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Ama Crgd| VrWH$a lr _{ZmW _moh $n _hm_b Ho$ _bdo H$mo ~S>o _b {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma
hmod&o Y_VrW H$o dVZ H$a Wmnr h ggma {dfo AMbH$s{V {Ohm|Z&o &21&& Ama ~rgd| VrWH$a
lr _w{ZgwdV Bda {VZH$o VmB Z_H$ma {ZaVa hmod&o Omo ^JdmZ AnZm ~rgdm VrW JQ>H$a
^dg_wWH$s ^` Ordm| H$mo VmaVo Ê&&22&& Ama BH$sgdo VrWH$a Y_ VrW Ho$ H$Vm lr
Z{_ZmW _w{Z`m| _| _w` {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h Z{_ZmW, Zdmò h de {H$ò h AVaJ
~{haJ Ho$ ew {Ohm|Z&o
^mdmW AVaJ Ho$ ew Vmo amJm{XH$ Ama d{haJ ew Ama^ n[aJhm{XH$ Vo g~ hr ew de
{H$ò h& Eogo BH$sgd| VrWH$a {VZH$o VmB g`XeZ kmZ Mm[a$n Omo VrWVm H$s {g{ Ho$ AW
goD$ h do VrW Ho$ H$mm h&&23&& Ama h[ade $n CX`mMb ndV Ho$ emo^m`_mZ {eIm_{U gH$b
OJV Ho$ gy` lr A[a>Z_o r ~mBgd| VrWH$a {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o H$go h A[a>Z{o _, VrW
H${hò {Vado H$m Cnm` Omo na_ Y_$n aW VmHo$ MH$ H${hò n{hò {VZH$s Zo{_ H${hò Ywam h&
AWdm VrW H${hò na`mZ gmoB ^mfm MH$$n Am`wY CgH$s Ymam h&&24&&
Ama VoBg d| VrWH$a lr nmdZmW Ho$ g_` {dfo Y_ VrW Ho$ H$Vm Omo lr nmdZmW {OZoda
gmo O`dV hmod&o H$go h lr nmdZmW, {OZHo$ nyd ^d H$a ew Omo H$_R> H$m Ord Agwa _hm ~b
ndVm| H$m CR>mdZhmam gmo Vn H$`mU Ho$ g_` nyd ^d H$m da {MVma CngJ H$aVm ^`m, Cgo
YaUo H${hò ZmJm| H$m B nmVmb bmoH$ H$m dm_r ^JdmZ H$m ^$ gmo {ZdmaVm ^`m, CgHo$
VmnH$a gmo dh ^mJ J`m Eogo lr nmdZmW OJV {dfo O`dV hmod&o &25&&
Ama draZmW ApV_ VrWH$a {VZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod&o Bg ^m{V Adg{nUr H$mb Ho$ VrOo
MmWo H$mb {dfo {H$`m h Y_VrW H$m dVZ {Ohm|Zo do {OZoda Xod h_H$mo {ZdmU H$s {g{ Ho$
AW hmod&o &26&& Omo ^JdmZ AVrV H$mb H$s Anojm AZV Ama dV_mZ H$mb H$s Anojm g`mV
Ama AZmJV H$mb H$s Anojm AZVmZV do AahV {g AmMm` Cnm`m` gmYw nM na_Jw
gd hr gXm gd h_H$mo _Jb$n hmod&|
AWmZVa H$B EH$ AmMm`m] Ho$ Zm_ H$ho h& g_V^ AmMm` Ho$ dMZ lr _hmdra dm_r
Ho$ dMZ H$s `mB _mU H$aZo `mo` h& H$go h _hmdra Ho$ dMZ, Cg bmoH$ {dfo Ord H$s {g{
Ho$ H$aUhmao h Ama {H$ò h Z` _mU H$s `w{$H$a AZoH$ em {Ohm|Zo &o Ama H$go h g_V^
Ho$ dMZ, Ord {g{ Zm_m JW Ho$ H$Vm h Z` _mU H$s `w{$H$a {H$`m h {OZemgZ H$m
`m`mZ {Ohm|Z&o &29&& Ama OJV Ho$ {dfo {g h kmZ {OZH$m Eogo lr d_mZ {VZH$s {ZXm}f
dmUr gnwfm| H$s ~w{ H$m ~moY H$ao h Vgo lr {ggoZ AmMm` H$s dmUr {ZXm}f ^bo nwfm| H$mo
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~w{ H$m ~moY H$ao h& g`H$ XeZ (kmZ) CnOmdo h& Ama XodgKZm_m Omo AmMm` {VZH$s dmUr
`mo Z dXZo `mo` hmo` gXm dXZo `mo` hr h& H$go h XodgK, ny`nmX h dXZrH$ h MaU {OZHo$
Ama {OZo B M AH$ B`m{X `mH$aU {VZH$m h AdbmoH$Z {OZHo$&&30&& Eogo lr dOg[y a
AmMm` {VZH$s dmUr Y_ em Ho$ d$m Oo JUYaXod {VZH$s dmUr H$s `mB _mU h& H$gr h
{VZH$s dmUr, H$_ H${hò H$_m] H$m ~Y Ama ~Y Ho$ H$maU amJm{X Ama _moj H${hò H$_m] go
a{hV hmoZm& Ama _moj Ho$ H$maU aZ` {VZH$m h {dMma {Og {dfo&&32&& Ama _hmgoZ AmMm`
H$s H$Wm H$mZ dU} g~hr dUdo h& Ogo gwXa h bmoMZ {OgHo$ Eogr ~{ZVm H${hò r CgH$m
dUZ g~ hr H$a|& H$gr h gwXa r Ama H$gr h _hmgoZ H$s H$Wm, _Ywam H${hò _mYw` CgH$mo
Yao h Ama grVm H${hò r Vmo erbdVr h Ama H$Wm grVm H${hò gd^md H$mo Yao h& AWdm
erbdV nwfm| H$m h H$WZ {Og {dfo Ama AbH$ma YmaUr H${hò H$Wm Vmo ZmZm H$ma Ho$
AbH$mam| H$mo Yao h Ama r AZoH$ Am^yfUm| H$mo Yao h&&33&&
Ama Omo lr a{dfoUmMm` {VZH$s H$m`_`r _y{V Bg bmoH$ {dfo a{d H${hò gy` CgH$s H$mpV
H$s `mB {ZaVa H$me H$mo H$ao h& H$gr gy` H$s H$m{V, CmoV $n h Ama {H$`m h n H${hò
H$_b H$m H$me {OgZo& Ama H$gr h, a{dfoU H$s H$m`_B _y{m, {H$`m h nnwamU H$m H$me
{OgZo g~m| Ho$ A`V AZwamJ CnOmdo h, Ogo ~mamJZm H${hò gwXa r AnZo AJZ H$a H$mZ Ho$
AZwamJ Z CnOmdo& AWmV g~m| Ho$ AZwamJ CnOmdo&&34-35&& Ama dZ Zm_m AmMm` _hmemV h
Vmo ^r {VZH$s _hma_UrH$ Cojm AbH$ma Ho$ {bò dH$mo{m _hma_UrH$ AW H$mo H$me{V WH$s
H$mZ H$o _Z H$mo AZwamJr Z H$ao g~hr Ho$ _Z H$mo AZwamJr H$ao& Ogo gwXa r Ho$ _wI H$s dH$mo{V
a_UrH$ _hm Cojm Ho$ {bE H$mZ Ho$ {Mm H$mo _mo{hV Z H$ao& a_UrH$ AW Ho$ {dH$me Vo emV
nwfZ Ho$ _Z H$mo ^r AZwamJr H$ao&&36&& Ama lr Hw$_magoZ Jw H$s è {Z_b {Ogo H$moB OrV Z
gHo$, gmo Bg bmoH$ {dfo g_w n`V {dMao h ^mMX Zm_m JW H$m {H$`m h H$me {Ohm|Z&o
H$gm h Hw$_magoZ H$m è, M_m Ho$ CX` H$mo ^m g_mZ Cdb h& Ama H$gm h è,
g_V Omo C{$ {VZHo$ {dfo {VbH$ g_mZ h& n H${hò N>X mo~ Ama J H${hò N>X a{hV
gH$V {VZ XmoD$U H$s Omo C{$ dmUr {VZHo$ {deof {dfo {VZH$m è {VbH$ g_mZ h& eXmJ_
1 `w$mJ_ 2 na_mJ_ VrZm| H$m hr h {deof kmZ {OZH$mo, Eogo Omo Hw$_magoZ {VZH$s {deof kmVm
g~Z Ho$ {eamo^mJ ~V} h Ama H${d`Z Ho$ MH$dVu h Or`m h nabmoH$ {Ohm|Zo Eogo Omo dragoZ Jw
{VZH$s H$s{V H$bH$ a{hV hr h Ama {OZgoZmMm` Zo lr nmdZmW {OZ| Ho$ Anma JwUm| H$r Vw{V
H$ar, gmo dh Vw{V hr {OZgoZ dm_r H$s H$s{V H$mo H$ho h&
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^mdmW {OZgoZ H$V nmdZmW VdZ {OgHo$ nT> Zo go {OZgoZ Ho$ JwU {dVao h, ndr {dfo
H$s{V {d`mV hmo` ahr h&&40&& Ama Omo d_mZ nwamU gmoB ^`m D$JVm gy` VmH$m Omo H$WZ doB
^B {H$aU gmo n{S>Vm| Ho$ _Z doB ^ò \${Q>H$ _{U H$s ^mpV Cg {dfo XoXr`_mZ ^mgo h&&41&&
gnwf H$a ^mfr Omo dmUr gmoo {ZJwU H${hò ~YZ go a{hV h VWm{n X`m j_m g` gVmofm{XH$
AZoH$ JwUZ H$mo Ymao h& Ogo Am_ H$s _Oar (H$moha) {ZJwU H${hò VmJmZ go a{hV h VWm{n r
Ho$ _wI {dfo H$Z\$y b Ho$ AmH$ma H$a gVr JwUZ H$mo Yao h, _hmemo^m`_mZ XrIo h& Ogo A{Z
dU H$s H$m{b_m H$mo Xa H$ao h Vgo _oao H$m` {dfo H$moB Xmof hmo` Vmo gmYw OZ gmo{Ydo g_W h
do ew H$a bod&| &43&&
gnwfm| H$s g^m H${d H$o H$m` {dfo H$Xm{MV H$moB Xmof hmo` Vmo Cg Xmof H$mo H$mT> ZmI|&
H$m` _| H$moB Xmof hmoZo Z Xod| Ogo g_w Ho$ _` H$moB _b Am` nS>m hmo` Vmo bha _b H$mo mmha
H$mT> S>mao&&46&& Ogo g_w {dfo {Z_b Omo grnr {VZ {dfo Ob H$s ~yX ^r _moVr hmo` Om` Vgo
OS>m_m H${hò _yI ^r {Z_b nwf H$a {V~mo`m gVm {V{f (kmZr) hmo` Ogo Ob go _moVr
hmo` Om` Vgo OS> ~w{ npS>V hmo` Om`&& 45&& Ib H${hò X> doB ^ò `mb H${hò gn CZH$m Oo
{ddoH$s amOm h, do AnZr epVH$a {ZJh H$ao {VZH$m A{YH$ma Z hmoZo Xod&o H$go h do, gn g_mZ
X> nwf XdM
Z$n Omo {dm {dfVm go âm Omo _wI Cg {dfo \w$am`_mZ h Or^ {VZH$s&&46&&
Ogo _oK Xmh H$m CnOmdZhmam h, Omo Jr_ g_` Cgo emV H$ao& H$gm h Jr_ g_`, ~hV
CS>o h aO {Og {dfo Aa {ZnQ> $nm h gaXr go a{hV h AmVnH$mar h Eogr Jr_ H$mo dfmH$mb {dfo
_oK erVH$mb H$ao h& H$o go h _oK, {_> h, eX {OZHo$ Vgo gnwf X>m| H$mo g_` nm` emV H$ao
h& H$go h gV, gwX a h eX {OZHo$& Ama H$go h Ib, nmn$n aO H$a nyU h Ama _hm $Io h
{OZ_| gmZVm Zht Ama bmoH$ H$mo AmVmn CnOmdo h, Eogo {dbmoH$mo em{VVm H$mo m H$ao h& Bg
bmoH$ _| X>Z H$mo empVVm H$s Cn_m XB Ama gVZ H$mo dfm H$a dUZ {H$`m&&74&&
Ogo AYH$ma H$mo MmX gy` H$s {H$aU {Zdmao Vgo AkmZr H$mo kmZr {V~moY&o H$gm h AYH$ma,
{Og {dfo ^bm ~wam-{> Zht nS>o h& Ama H$gm h _yT >m| H$m AkmZ^md, {Og {dfo XamMma Amoa
ew^mMma g~ g_ ^mgo h, ho`monmXo` H$s gwY ^mgo Zmht&&48&& Bg ^m{V gnwfm| H$m ghm` _oao
Eogm Omo _ gmo H$m`_` AnZr Xoh H$mo Bg bmoH$ {dfo {Wa H$$ h& H$gm h H$m`_` Xoh, g_V
amoJ Ama g_V Omo ^md {VZgo a{hV h, Ama CVnZo go a{hV h Ama _hmemV h&
^mdmW `h H$m`m Vmo jU^Jaw h gmo amIr Z aho Ama H${dVm$n H$m`m ~hV H$mb VH$ aho
h&&49&&
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nhbm gJ
AW H$s JW H$s Cn{m
AWmZVa _ h[ade Zm_ Omo nwamU _hm _Zmoha Cgo H$Q> H$aVm h& H$gm h `h nwamU,
ggma {dfo H$ndj g_mZ CH$> h& H$gm h H$ndj, AmS>r h OS> {OgH$s Ama H$gm h `h
nwamU, A{V AJmY h OS> {OgH$s _hmT> h {OgH$s OS> {OZemgZ h& Ama H$ndj Ama nwamU
XmoZm| ndr {dfo {g h Ama H$ndj Vmo ~hemIm H${hò AZoH$ emIm CZH$a emo{^V h Ama
`h nwamU ~hemIm H${hò AZoH$ H$Wm CZ H$a emo{^V h& Ama H$ndj {dVrU \$b H$m XmVm
h Ama `h nwamU _hmn{d nw` \$b H$m XmVm h Ama Amn n{d h Ama H$ndj ^r n{d h&
`h h[ade nwamU lr Zo{_ZmW Ho$ M[aV H$a _hm {Z_b h&&51&&
Ogo w_{U H${hò gy` CgH$s `mo{V H$a H$meo nXmW {VZH$mo XrnH$ VWm _{U VWm ImoV
H${hò (nQ>drOZm) VWm {dOwbr `h bKw dVw ^r AnZr e{$ _mU `Wm`mo` H$me H$ao
h&&52&& Vgo ~S$o nwf Ho$dbr lwVHo$dbr CZH$a H$m{eV Omo `h nwamU CgHo$ H$m{e {dfo AnZr
e{$ _mU h_ gm[aIo An ~w{ ^r dV} h, Ogo gy` Ho$ H$meo nXmWm] H$mo H$hm Xrnm{XH$ Z
H$me| Vgo Ho$dbr lwVHo$dbr Ho$ ^mfo nwamU H$mo H$hm h_ gm[aIo Z $n| AnZr e{$ AZwgma
{Z$nU H$a|&&53&&
`N> 1, joN> 2, H$mbN> 3, ^mdN> 4 & `N> H${hò H$mbmUw&&1&& Ama
joN> H${hò AbmoH$mH$me 2, Ama H$mbN> H${hò AZmJV H$mb 3 Ama ^mdN> H${hò,
AW n`m`$n fQ>JUw r hm{Zd{ 4 Eogo Oo AJ` nXmW AmMm`$n Omo gy` Chm|Zo {H$`m h H$me
{OZH$m CZH$mo gHw$_maVm H$a `w$ Omo `h _Z gmo Wyb nXmWm] H$mo Ogo bmoH$ ~m{> H$aZo go XoIo
Vgo XoIo h& ` jom{XH$ Ho$ ôXm| go nmM H$ma Ho$ ôX h {OgH$m Eogm `h AmJ_ nwamU nwfm|
H$m ^mfm hmoZo go _mU h&&55&&
Bg JW Ho$ _yb H$Vm Amn lr VrWH$aXod Ama Cma JW H$Vm JmV_ Zm_m JUYaXod Ama
Cmamoma JW H$Vm AZoH$ AmMm` do g~ hr gdkXod Ho$ AZwgma H$WZ H$aUhmao h_H$mo _mU
h&&57&& CZ Ho$dbr Ama nmM MVwXe
nyd Ho$ Ymar lwVHo$dbr Ama `mah AJ Xe nyd Ho$ nmR>r,
`mah Ama EH$mXe AJ Ho$ YmaH$ nmM Ama EH$ AmMmamJ Ho$ YmaH$ Mma Ama `h nmM H$ma Ho$
_w{Z nM_H$mb Ho$ Am{X {dfo hmoVo Ê {VZ_| lr d_mZ Ho$ nrN>o VrZ Ho$dbr Ê&
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B^yV H${hò JmV_ Ama gwY_mMm` Ama O~ydm_r A{V_ Ho$dbr Ê& `h VrZ Vmo Ho$dbr
Ê Ama {dUw 1, ZpX{_ 2, Anam{OV 3, JmodZ 4, ^~mh 5, ò nmM MVwXe
nyd Ho$ YmaH$
lwVHo$dbr Ê& Ama {demImMm` 1, Kmo>bj 2, {` 3, O` 4, ZmJ 5, {gmW 6, Y{VfoU 7,
{dO` 8, ~w{b 9, JJXod 10, Y_gZo 11, ò `mah AJ Ama Xe nyd Ho$ nmR>r Ê&&63&& Ama
Zj 1, è:nmb 2, nmSw> 3, Ydw goZ 4, Ama H$nmMm` 5 ò nmM _w{Z `mah AJ Ho$ nmR>r
Ê&&64&& Ama g_w 1, èmo^ 2, èmo~mh 3, bmohmMm` 4, ò Mma _w{Z EH$ AmMmamJ Ho$
YmaH$ ^ò&&65&& ò nydmMm` Ama ^r Omo AmMm` CZH$a {dVma `h EH$ Xoe AmJ_ CgH$m EH$
Xoe `m`mZ H$[aò h&&66&&
`h h[ade nwamU Anyd H${hò AmM`H$mar AWWH$s Vmo ~hV h, eXWH$s An h& Bggo
em Ho$ {dVma Ho$ ^` H$a An$n gmadVw H$m gJh H$[aE h&&67&& _Z dMZ H$m` H$s ewVm
H$mo Yma| Oo ^` Ord gXm OZ gy H$m A`mg H$a| CZH$mo d$mnZo H$a Ama lmoVmnZo H$a `h nwamU
H$m AW H$`mU H$m H$Vm hmo` h& ~m Ama Am`Va Ho$ ôX H$a Omo Vn H$s {d{Y h gmo Xmo
H$ma H$s h Cg {dfo dm`m` Zm_m na_ Vn h `m|{H$ Omo `h dm`m` Zm_m Vn h gmo AkmZVm
H$mo {Zdmao h&&69&& Bggo na_ nwfmW H$m H$aUhmam `h nwamU H$m AW Bg Xoe H$mb Ho$ OmZZhmao
Oo npS>V CZ H$a `m`mZ H$aUo `mo` h& Ama Omo _ga ^md a{hV lmdmZ nwf h CZ H$a
gwZZo `mo` h& _ga H${hò ofH$ `m`mZ H$aUo `mo` Omo ^md gmo gnwfm| H$mo `m` h&&70&&
AW AZwH$ _{UH$m (H$WZm| H$s gyMr)

AmJo Bg nwamU {dfo AmR> ~S$o A{YH$ma h gmo AZwH$ _ go H$h|J&o BZ {dfo W_ hr bmo` H$m
H$WZ&&1&& Ama amOmAm| Ho$ de H$s Cn{m&&2&& Ama h[ade H$m {Z$nU&&3&& Ama dgwXdo H$m
M[a&&4&& Ama Zo_rZmW H$m M[a&&5&& Ama `mXdm| H$m m[aH$m {dfo {Zdmg&&6&& Ama ZmamÙ
{VZmamÙ Ho$ `w H$m dUZ&&7&& Ama Zo_rZmW Ho$ {ZdmU H$m {Z$nU&&8&& `h AmR> _hm
A{YH$ma nydmMm`m] Zo gym| Ho$ AZwgma $n gmo `h AdmVa A{YH$mamo H$a emo{^V h&&73&& gJh
H$a {d^mJ H$a dVw Ho$ {dVma H$a Bg {OZemgZ {dfo CnXoe hmo` h Bg{bò A{YH$mam| Ho$
{d^mJ H${hE h&&74&& W_ hr d_mZ {OZoda H$m Y_ VrW dVZ& {\$a JUYam{XH$ JUm| H$s
g`m& {\$a amOJh {dfo AmJ_Z& Ama JmV_ dm_r go amOm lo{UH$ H$m Z&
Ama jo H${hE bmo`& Ama H$mb H${hE fQ>H$mb {VZH$m {Z$nU& {\$a Hw$bH$am| H$s
Cn{m Ama F$fÔr H$s Cn{m& Ama j{`m{XH$ Ho$ de H$m dUZ& {\$a h[ade H$s Cn{m&
Ama h[ade {dfo _w{ZgwdV ZmW H$s Cn{m&&77&& {\$a Xj Omn{V H$m M[a& {\$a amOm dgw H$m
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dmmV& {\$a AYH$d{>H$m Ama CgHo$ Xenwm| H$m H$WZ& {\$a gw{V>V _w{Z H$mo Ho$dbkmZ H$s
Cn{m& [\$a AYH$d{> H$s Xrjm Ama g_w{dO` H$m amO& Ama dgwXdo H$m gm^m` dUZ& Ama
Cnm` H$a dgwXdo H$m Ka go {dXoe H$mo {ZH$gZm&&79&& Ama dgwXdo Ho$ amUr gmo_m Ama {dO`goZm
H$m bm^ {\$a dZJO H$m de H$aUm Ama {dmYa H$s nwr `m_m H$m g`moJ&&80&& {\$a dgwXdo
H$mo AJmaH$ {dmYa H$m bo CS>Zm Ama Mnmnwar {dfo S>maZm Ama JYdgZo m H$m bm^, {dUw Hw$_ma
_w{Z H$m M[a, {\$a MmXm goR> H$s H$Wm Ama CgH$mo _w{Z H$m XeZ Ama dgwXdo Ho$ ZrbèmamUr
H$m bm^ Ama gmo_lr H$m bm^&&82&& Ama XodH$s H$s Cn{m H$m H$WZ, Ama amOm gmXmg H$m
H$WZ Ama dgwXdo Ho$ H${nbm amOH$`m H$m bm^ Ama nmdVr H$m bm^ Ama amUr Mmhm{gZr
Ama aZdVr H$s m{ Ama amOm gmo_Xm H$s nwr doJdVr H$m gJ_ Ama _XZdoJm H$m bm^,
~mbM H$m AdbmoH$Z VWm {`Jgw Xw ar H$m bm^, Ama ~Y_Vr H$m g_mJ_, ^mdVr H$s m{
Ama amo{hUr H$m d`da, CgHo$ d`da {dfo gJm _ Ama gJm _ {dfo dgwXdo H$s OrV, Ama
g_w{dO`m{XH$ ~S>o ^mB`m| go {_bmn&&86&& Ama ~b^ H$s Cn{m H$g H$m `m`mZ Ama
OamqgY H$s Amkm go amOm qghaW H$m ~YZ&&87&&
Ama H$g H$mo OamqgY H$s nwr Ordem H$m bm^ Ama am` H$s m{, CJgZo {nVm H$m ~YZ
{\$a dgwXdo go XodH$s H$m {ddmh&&88&& {\$a H$g H$m ~S>m ^mB Omo A{V_w$ CgHo$ AmXoe H$a H$g
H$mo AmHw$bVm H$m hmoZm Omo XodH$s Ho$ nw H$a _oam _aU h {\$a dgwXdo gmo mWZm H$aZm Omo XodH$s
H$s gy{V h_mao Ka hmo`&& 89&& gmo dgwXdo _mU H$ar {\$a dgwXdo H$m A{V_w$ _w{Z go Z, Ama
XodH$s Ho$ A> nwm| Ho$ nyd^ d H$m ldZ Ama nmn H$m Zme H$aUhmam lr Zo_rZmW Ho$ M[a H$m
ldU&&90&& {\$a lrH$U H$s Cn{m Ama JmoH$w b {dfo ~mbbrbm Ama ~bXod Ho$ CnXoe go g^r
emm| H$m JhU&&91&&
{\$a dgwXdo Ho$ YZwf aZ H$m AmamonU Ama `_wZm {dfo ZmJHw$_ma H$m OrVZm {\$a hmWr H$mo
OrVZm Ama MmUya_b H$m {ZnmV, Ama H$g H$m {ddg&&92&& Ama CJgZo H$mo amO Ama h[a H$m
g`^m_m gmo nm{UJhU Ama Vmgo A{YH$ r{V&&93&& Ama Ordem H$m OamgY n OmZm Ama
{dbmn H$aZm& OamgY H$m `mXdm| na amof hmoZm Ama ~S>r goZm ôOZm, aU{dfo H$mb`dZ H$m
nam^d Anam{OV H$m h[a Ho$ hmW H$a aU {df| _aU& Ama `mXdm| H$mo na_ hf H$m CnOZm Ama
{H$gr H$m ^` Zht&&95&& {\$a {edXodr Ho$ Zo{_ZmW H$s Cn{m O~ J^ _| Amò V~ fmoS>e dZ
H$m XoIZm Ama n{V go dZ H$m \$b nyN>Zm, n{V H$hr Vwhmao lr Zo{_ZmW nw hmodJ| &o &96&& {\$a
^JdmZ H$m O_ Ama gw_o {dfo O_m{^foH$ {\$a ~mbH$sS>m Ama {OZamO H$m Vmn Ama OamgY
H$m `mXdm| na AmH$_U, Ama `mXdm| H$m g_w H$s Amoa J_Z&&97&&
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Ama _mJ _| XodVmdm| Zo Omo _m`m {XImB CgH$a OamgY H$m nrN>o {\$aZm {\$a lrH$U H$m
g_w Ho$ Vra Xm^ H$s goO na {V> Vobm H$aZm&&98&& Ama B Ho$ dMZ go JmV_ Zm_m XodH$a g_w
H$m gH$moMZm Ama Hw$doaH$a Ho$ m[aH$mnwar H$m jU_m _| aMZm, {\$a _{U H$m {ddmh Ama
g`^m_m Ho$ XoXr`_mZ ^mZwH$w _ma H$m O_ Ama _Ur Ho$ wZ H$m O_ Ama ny~b
m dar Omo
Yy_Ho$Vw CgH$a wZ H$m haU&&100&& {dO`m {dfo wZ H$s pW{VH$mb gda {dmYa Ho$
_{Xa _o| Ama H$U Ama _Ur H$mo wZ H$m IoX Ama ZmaX {dXohjo _| OmH$a gr_Ya H$mo
nyN>H$a Am`m CgH$a IoX H$m {ZdmaU wZ H$mo fmoS>e bm^ H$s m{ Ama kr Ama {dm H$s
m{&&1& Ama wZ H$m H$mb gda go gJm _, Ama ZmaX Ho$ AmJh H$a _mVm {nVm Ho$ {ZH$Q>
AmJ_Z Ama g~Hy $w _ma H$s Cn{m Ama wZ H$s ~mbH$sS>m Ama {nVm H$m {nVm Omo dgwXdo CgZo
wZ go Z {H$`m&&2&&
Ama wZ Zo AnZo n[a^_U H$m gH$b `m`mZ {H$`m& {\$a `mXdm| Ho$ gH$b Hw$_mamo| H$m
dUZ, {\$a `mXdm| H$s dmVm Ho$ gwZZo go OamgY H$m H$mon Ama `mXdm| Ho$ {ZH$Q> XV nR>mdZm,
CgHo$ AmJ_Z go `mXdm| H$s g^m {dfo jmo^ Ama XmoZm| goZmdm| H$m {ZH$gZm& Ama {dO`m {dfo
dgwXdo H$m AmJ_Z, {dmYam| H$m jmo^, dgwXdo H$m namH$_&&4&& Ama Ajmo[hUr H$m _mU Ama
aWr A{VaWr AaWr Oo amOm _hmg_W {VZH$m H$WZ&&5&& Ama OamgY Zo MH$`yh aMr, CgHo$
ô{Xdo AW H$U Ho$ H$Q>H$ {dfo JS>`yh H$s aMZm Ama H$U Ho$ JS>dmhZr {dm H$s m{ Ama
~{bXod H$mo qghdmhZr {dm H$s m{ Ama Zo{_ZmW Ho$ {_mV ^mB aWZo{_ Ama H$U Ho$ ^mB
AZmd{> Ama AOwZ BZ MH$`yh ôm, Ama H$U H$s goZm {dfo _w` nmS>d Ama OamgY H$s goZm
{dfo _w` YVam> Ho$ nw Omo H$mad CZ_| nana _hm`w, {\$a H$U OamgY H$m _hm`w&&8&&
Cg g_` H$U Ho$ hmW _| MH$ H$m AmdZm Ama OamgY H$m dY, dgwXdo H$s {dO` gmo dgwXdo
H$mo {dO`m {dfo {dmYar JQ> ^B Ama H$U H$m H$mo{Q> {ebm H$m CR>mdZm Ama dgwXdo H$m
{dO`m go AmJ_Z Ama ~bXod dgwXdo H$s {XpdO` Ama XodmonZw rV aZ H$s m{&&10&&
Ama XmoZm| ^mB`m| H$mo am`m{^foH$ Ama mnXr H$m haU {\$a YmVH$s IS> _o H$U g{hV nmS>d
Om` mnXr `mò&& 11&& {\$a Zo{_ZmW Ho$ eara Ho$ ~b H$m dUZ dm Zo{_ZmW H$s Ob H$sS>m Ama
nMm`Z eI H$m nyaZm Ama Zo{_ZmW Ho$ {ddmh H$m hf&&12&& {\$a Ordm| H$mo ~Y go Nw>S >mdZm Ama
Zo{_ZmW H$s Xrjm, Ama Ho$dbkmZ H$m CnOZm, Xodm| H$m AmJ_Z, g_dgaU H$s {d^y{V H$m
dUZ, amO_Vr H$mo m{ Vn H$s& Ama `{V lmdH$ Ho$ Y_ H$m CnXoe Ama ^JdmZ H$m VrW {dhma
Ama XodH$s Ho$ fQ> nwm| H$m g`_&&14&& {\$a ^JdmZ H$m {JaZma {J[a {dfo AmJ_Z Ama XodH$s
Ho$ Z H$m Cma _Ur g`^m_m Am{X AmR>m| nQ>am{UUm| H$o ^dmVa H$m H$WZ&&15&&
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{\$a JOHw$_ma H$m O_ Ama CgH$a Xrjm JhU Ama dgwXdo Q>ma Zd ^mB`m| H$m dam` Ama
{f{Q>> ebmH$m Ho$ nwfm| H$s Cn{m H$m dUZ Ama {OZamO Ho$ AVamb H$m H$WZ Ama ~b^
H$m Z& wZ H$s Xrjm Ama _Ur Am{X H$U H$s {`m| H$m Ama nwm| H$m g`_ Ama rnm`Z
_w{Z Ho$ H$moY go mamdVr H$m Zme&&18&& Ama ~b^ ZmamÙ H$m m[aH$m go {ZH$gZm Ama Hw$Q>~w
H$m ^_ hmoZm Ama XmoZm| ^mB`m| H$m emoH$ g{hV H$mem~r ZJar Ho$ dZ {dfo doe&&19&& Ama
~b^ H$m Ob Ho$ AW OmZm Ama H$U H$m AHo$bm ahZm Ama {~Zm OmZo OaXHw$_ma Ho$ hmW go
Ny>Q>m Omo ~mU CgH$a Xd`moJ go h[a H$m na^d J_Z H$aZm&&20&& CgH$a OaXHw$_ma H$mo emoH$
CnOZm Ama ~b^ Ho$ A{V XVa X:I H$m CnOZm [\$a {gmWXdo Ho$ CnXoe go ~b^ H$mo
dam` CnOZm Vn YaZm Ama nmMd| dJ _| OmZm Ama nmS>dm| H$mo dam` hmoZm Ama {JaZma {dfo
Zo{_ZmW H$m _w$ hmoZm&&22&&
Ama nmMm| nmS>d _hmnwfm| H$mo CngJ H$m OrVZm Ama OaXHw$_ma H$mo Xrjm boZm Ama
OaXHw$_ma H$s gVmZ go h[ade H$m ahZm Ama CZHo$ de Ho$ XrnH$ Oo amOm {OVew CZH$mo
Ho$dbkmZ H$s m{ Ama Omo amOm lo{UH$ h[ade Ho$ {eamo_{U CZH$m amOJh {dfo amO&&24&& Ama
d_mZ ^JdmZ H$m Xrn_m{bH$m Ho$ {XZ {ZdmU J_Z, Cggo Xodm| H$m dh {XZ Cgd$n _mZZm&
V~ Xr`_mZ Xrn_m{bH$m {g ^B Ama JUYam| H$m {ZdmU J_Z& `h h[ade nwamU H$m {d^mJ
gjno H$a H$hm h&
AWmZVa ^` Ord {g{ Ho$ AW {dVma g{hV `m`mZ gwZ&o &26&& EH$ hr nwf H$m
M[a gwZm hAm nmn H$m Zme H$ao Ama Omo gd VrW}da MH$o da hbYa CZH$m M[a ^` Ord
Oo gwZo CZH$m `m nyN>Zm, dh Vmo O_ O_ Ho$ nmn {Zdmao h& Ogo _hm_oK H$s ~yX hr _hmVmn H$m
{dN>Xo H$ao Vmo g_V bmoH$ {dfo `mn aho Oo _oK CZH$r Omo _mbm Ho$ g_yh CZH$s Omo gh Ymam
Pao, CZH$a AmVmn `m| Z Xa hmo`, gdWm Xa hmo`&&27&& Omo {ddoH$s OZ h gmo {OZ_| dH$_mJ
Eogo bm{H$H$ nwamU ^m{ V$n CZH$mo VO H$a OZ nwamU H$s nXdr _hmgab H$`mU H$s H$aUhmar
{hVH$mar Cgo Jhmo, _moh H$r h ~mh`Vm {Og_| Eogr {X_yT >Vm H${hò {Xem ^ybnZm Cgo VOH$a
^` Ord ew _mJ bodmo& {OZ H${hò ^JdmZ doB ^ò ^mH$a H${hò gy` {VZ H$a JQ> {H$`m Omo
ew _mJ _hm {dVrU CgHo$ hmoVo gVo ew h {> {OgH$s Eogm g`H$ pQ> gmo ImS>o {dfo H$mho
H$mo na&
^mdmW gy` Ho$ H$me {~Zm AY nwf gH$sU_mJ {dfo ImS>o _| nS>o Ama gy` Ho$ CX` H$a
JQ> ^`m _mJ {dVrU Cg {dfo {X` Zom| H$m YmaH$ H$mho H$mo ImS>o _o nS>&o &28&&
B{V lr A[a>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm gJh {d^mJdUZ Zm_ W_:
gJ:&&1&&
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W_ A{YH$ma
VrZ bmoH$ H$m H$WZ
Xgam gJ
AWmZVa O~yrn Ho$ âVjo {dfo ~S>r {d^y{V H$m âm {dXoh Zm_m Xoe h gmo Xoe b_r
H$a dJbmoH$ Ho$ g_mZ h&&1&& gmo dh Xoe gd CngJ Ho$ a{hV Ohm Om ~hV gwI go dgo gmo
Xoe _hmgwXa Ohm {Vdf gd Ym` H$s ^bo H$ma Cn{m Ama Jm` ^g df^m{X$JmoYZ go âm&
^mdmW Ohm Ym` A{V gVm Ama Jmoag H$s ~mh`Vm& gmo Xoe IoQ>, H$dQ>_Q >d nwaôXZ
moU _wI, Ama AZoH$ YmVwdm| {VZH$s ImZ Ama jo Jm_ Ama Kmof H${hò Jm`Z Ho$ IaH$ CZ H$a
emo{^V h& Cg Xoe H$m H$hm dUZ H$a| Ohm gwI H$m {Zdmg Ama Y_ H$m H$me gmo ~S>-o ~S>o amOm
BdmHw$ de Am{X j{`m| Ho$ de {dfo dJ go M` H$a CnOo h& Cg Xoe {dfo Hw$S>bnwa Zm_ ZJa _mZmo
gwI $n Ob H$m Hw$S> hr h& g~ gwIm| H$m g_yh h& Ama AIS> H${hò B CgHo$ Zo H$s Omo
n{$ gmoB ^ò ^_am| Ho$ g_yh CZH$mo H$_bm| H$m dZ Omo _hm gamoda Cg g_mZ _Zmok ^mgo h&&5&&
{Og ZJa {dfo A{V Cdb Oo _hbmoo Ho$ g_yh CZH$a AmH$me A{V Ydb hmo` ahm h& H$go
h _hbm| Ho$ g_yh, eaX G$Vw Ho$ _oK g_mZ A{V CV Ama _hm{Z_b h&&6&& {Og ZJa {dfo am{
Ho$ g_` M_m H$s {H$aUm| Ho$ ne go Kam| Ho$ bJr Oo MH$mV_{U H$s {ebm CZgo A_V Pao h
gmo H$gr gmoho h Ogo a{Vg_` Zoh H$s âr r gmoh&o &7&& Ama {Og nwa {dfo Kam| Ho$ bJr gy`
H$s H$m{V_{U do gy` H$s {H$aUmo Ho$ ne go {XZ {dfo _hmd{bV XrIo h gmo H$gr ^mgo h Ogo
YZr go Hw${nV ^B r d{bV ^mgo h& Ama {Og ZJa {dfo _pXam| Ho$ {eIa {dfo namJ_{U
XoXr`_mZ bJr h gmo gy` H$s {H$aU H$o ne go amJ H$s âr a_Ur H$s ZmB emoô h& XoIZhmao Ho$
_Z H$mo AZwamJ CnOmdo h&&9&&
Ama dh ZJa _w$m H${hò _moVr Ama _aH$V H${hò h[aV _{U dO H${hò hram Ama _moa Ho$
H$R> g_mZ aJ H$mo Ymao dS>y `_ {U Ama {d_ H${hò _yJ m BZ g~Ho$ H$me H$a H$gm gmoho h _mZmo
g_V aZm| H$s ImZ H$s emo^m EH$ ôbr ^B h&&10&& Ama dh ZJa H$moQ> $n ndV Ama ImB
Ama nS>H$moQ>m CZH$a doT>m A{V emo^m`_mZ ^mgo h {OgHo$ D$na gy` H$m _S>b hr Om` h Ama
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ew _S>b Z Om` gHo$ h&&11&& {Vg ZJa Ho$ JwUm| H$m dUZ n{hbo hr H$WZ H$a nyU hmodo A{YH$
`m H$ao h Omo ZJa dJmdVaU {dfo _hmdra H$m AmYma Ho$ ^md H$mo m ^`m&
^mdmW Ohm ApV_ VrWH$a D$YbmoH$ go M` H$a _mVm Ho$ J^ {dfo AmE, CgH$m H$hm
VH$ dUZ H$a&o &12&& Cg ZJa {dfo gy` H$s-gr ^m H$m YmaUhmam amOm [gmW hmoVm ^`m& H$gm
h amOm, {g Ê h nwfmW OmHo$ Ama Omo gd AW H$m XoIZhmam h& Ama {nVm gdmW Ama _mVm
lr_Vr H$a nm`m h O_ {OgZo&&13&& {OgH$mo YaVr H$s ajm H$aVo gVo YaVr Ho$ gd Xmof {_Q>
JE, EH$ hr Xmof XrIo h Omo Cg amOm H$s Om Y_mWZ r h Vmo ^r nabmoH$ Ho$ ^` go a{hV h&
^mdmW Omo Om Y_-AWZr hmo` h Vm{h nabmoH$ H$m ^` hmo` h gmo Bg amOm Ho$ amO _o|
nabmoH$ H${hE ewOZ {VZH$m ^` Zmht&&14&& Ohm H$Xo hr ew H$s ~mYm Zht, Vm amOm Ho$ egm
`mo` JwU {VZH$mo H$mZ Za Vmob gHo$& amOm Ho$ JwU AVwb h {OZ JwUm| H$a dh Zam{Yn{V bmo`
Ho$ Jw Oo d_mZ {VZH$m Jw H${hE {nVm hmoVm ^`m CgHo$ JwUm| H$m H$hm bJ dUZ H$a
gH|$&&15&& Cg amOm H$o {`H$m[aUr Zm_ nQ>amUr n{V-gm AH${_ Zoh H$s YaUhmar _mZmo
gmjmV g_w H$s nQ>amUr Omo JJm CgHo$ g_mZ {Z_b h& H$gr h JJm Ama H$gr h {`H$m[aUr,
JJm Vmo D$Mm Hw$bmMb {h_dmZ ndV VmVo CnOr h& Ama `h amUr D$Mm Omo Hw$b gmoB ^`m ndV
VmVo CnOr& Ama JJm Vmo Ob H$s âr Ama `h YZr gy Zoh H$s âr&&16&&
n{Wdr {dfo _hmamOm MoQ>H$ VmHo$ {Mm H$mo A{V hf H$s CnOmdZhmar, g nwr {VZ_| Am{X
`h {`H$m[aUr {OgH$m XOm Zm_ {ebm CgHo$ JwU dUZ H$a H$mZ egm H$a gHo$ Omo _mVm
AnZo nw` H$a _hmdra Ho$ O_ H$m H$maU hmoVr ^B, ew^ Zm_ H$_ Zo OmH$mo {OZoda H$s OZZr
H$ar&&18&& gd {Xem go Z_H$ma H$aVr gVr gd XodZ H$s goZm {OgHo$ ^md go AmH$meV| dfVr
^B aZ H$s Ymam&&19&& A`wV H${hE gmobh_m dJ CgH$m nwnmoma {d_mZ Vhm go ^w H$mo
AdVaVo gVo dh _mVm {`H$m[aUr fmoS>e Omo dZ _hm Cgd $n {VZH$mo nhbo XoI H$a AnZo
J^ {dfo OJV Ho$ Bda H$mo YmaVr ^B&&21&& ^JdmZ YaVr H$s ajm {Z{_m AZoH$ OrdZ H$o
nm{bdo AW D$ bmoH$ go _`bmoH$ _| AmE, {nMma df Ama gmT>o AmR> _{hZo MVwWH $mb Ho$
~mH$s aho Wo V~ ^JdmZ J^ {dfo AmE& MmWo H$mb H$m Zm_ XI_m gwI_m h gmo XI_m Ho$ AV
ApV_ VrWH$a CnOo&&22&&
AmgmT> ew{X N>R> Cmam \$mJwUr Zm_m Zj {dfo d_mZ _mVm Ho$ J^ _| AmE&&23&&
{XH$Hw$_mam{X H${hE N>nZHw$_m[aH$m {VZH$a H$ar h godm {OgH$s Eogr _mVm gwXa h VZ OmHo$
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VmHo$ J^ {dfo Am`m dh Omo{V $n {OZamO OJV H$m gy` N> h Vm ^r J^ H$mo XoXr`_mZ H$aVm
^`m Ogo a{d _oK_mbm {dfo AmN>m{XV h Vmo ^r _oK_mbm H$mo H$me $n H$ao h& _oK_S>b _|
H$Q> XrIo h&&24&& Ama Zm _hrZm Ama AmR> {XZ `VrV Ê M ew{X MmXg Cmam \$mJwUr
Zj {dfo ^w O_o&&25&& V~ ^w Ho$ _hm_ go Bm{XH$ Xodmo Ho$ AmgZ H$nm`_mZ Ê Ama
_wH$Q> Mbm`_mZ Ê, V~ Bm{XH$ Xod Ad{YkmZ go ApV_ {OZoda H$m O_ OmZ H$a qghmgZ
go CVa Um_ H$aVo Ê&&26&& ^dZdmgr XodZ Ho$ eI Ama `VaZ Ho$ ôar Ama `mo{Vfr XodZ
Ho$ qghZmX Ama dJdmgr XodZ Ho$ KQ>m| H$m eX _hm_Zmoha hmoVm ^`m& ò dm{X {dZm ~OmE
dV: d^md gwXa eX H$aVo Ê {VZH$mo gwZH$a MVw{ZH$m` Ho$ Xod A{V h{fV hmo` _hm
_JbrH$ d{Z H$aVo ^ò& Ogr g_w H$s JOZm hmo` Vgr XodZ H$s d{Z ^B&&27&&
JO 1 VwaJ 2 aW 3 n`mXo 4 df^ 5 JYd 6 Z`H$m[aUr 7 - ò g Omo goZm CZ g{hV Ama
AnZr AnZr {`m| g{hV MVw[ZH$m` Ho$ Xod Am^yfUm| H$a _{S>V B H$s bma Hw$S>bnwa ZJa _|
Am` m Ê&& 28&& B h _w` {OZ_| Eogo g_V Xod ZJa H$s VrZ X{jUm XoH$a amOm Ho$
AmJZ {dfo AmE, AZoH$ H$mo{Q> M_m H$s H$m{V H$mo OrVo h _wI {OZH$m Eogo Omo {OZamO {VZ H$mo
Z_H$ma H$aHo$ _mVm {nVm H$s dXZm H$mo JE& g~ B Vmo AmJZ {dfo IS>o aho Ama BmUr gyVr
Jh _| nR>mB gmo _mVm H$mo _m`m_B {Zm bm` Ama _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q> _m`m_B ~mbH$ nYam` ^w H$mo
CR>m` eMr Zm_m BmUr `mB gmo AnZm n{V Omo gmY_ B CgHo$ hmW {dfo ^w nYamò&&30&& gmo
B ^w H$mo H$a H$_bm| goo Jh H$a nyO {MaH$mb AZwamJ H$s {> H$a XoIo hOma Zo$n Omo H$_bmo
Ho$ g_yh VmH$a AaMo&
^mdmW gh Zo H$a ghmj Omo B gmo XoIVm V Z ^`m&&31&& {\$a M_m go A{V
{Z_b A{V CVJ AJ Ho$ YaUhmao Omo ^w CZH$mo B EoamdV hVr Ho$ D$na AmamonU H$aVm ^`m,
gmo H$gm h EoamdV hVr& {h_mMb Ho$ {eIaZ Ho$ g_yh g_mZ D$Mm h& {J[a Ho$ Vmo AYmo^mJZr
PaZo Pao h Ama JO Ho$ AYmo^mJ _X H$s Ymam Pao h&&32&& Hw$ ^Wb go PaVm Omo _X CgHo$
gwJY H$a ^_U H$ao h ^_aZ Ho$ g_yh {Og na gmo H$gm gmoho h& Ogr ho_mMb H$s VbhQ>r H$s
^y{_ {dfo Vhm Vmb djm| Ho$ ~Z H$a _{S>V gmoh, `hm JO Vmo {J[a ^`m Ama _X Ymam ZrPaZm Ê
Ama ^_am| H$m _S>b Vmb dm CZHo$ dZ g_mZ `m_&&33&& Ama H$mZZ Ho$ {ZH$Q> bJ ahr aV
Mm_am| H$s npV gmo H$gr gmoho h, Ogo {h_mMb VQ> H$s ^y{_ aV AemoH$ djm| Ho$ _hm dZ H$a
gmoho h&
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^mdmW - {h_mMb Vmo _hmaV AemoH$ dZ H$mo Yao h gmo _hm AmaV h Ama hVr aV
M_aZ H$s npV H$mo Yao h&&34&& Ama dh hVr _hm _Zmo` dm H$s gmH$b jw KQ>mAm| H$s
npV H$a _{S>V h eara {OgH$m gmo H$gm gmoho h _mZmo XoXr`_mZ dm _B H${Q> _oIbmdm| H$a
_{S>V {h_mMb hr h&&35&& Ama AZoH$ h aX H${hò XmV {OgHo$ {VZ na XodmJZm Z` H$ao h, JmZ
H$ao h, gJrV em H$o AZwgma, {VZH$a dh hVr gmo {h_dV g_mZ gmoho h Ogo {h_dZ ndV Ho$
D$Mo {eIam| na XodmJZm ZmMo h, Jmdo h, Vgo BgHo$ XVZ na JmZ H$ao h Z` H$ao h&&36&& gwdV
H${hò Jmob Ama XrK H${hE bm~r Eogr hmbVr Omo gyS > Cg H$a amoH$s h Xgy {Xem OmZo _mZmo dh
gyS > A{V XrK Ama Wyb \w$am`_mZ gn Ho$ \$U hr h&&37&&
Cg JOamO na {OZamO H$mo gmY_ B boH$a {VR>m Ama XOo dJ H$m BemZ B _hm _Zmok
Cdb N> ^w Ho$ {ga na YmaVm ^`m _mZmo ^w H$mo D$Mo MT> o OmZ nyU_ mgr H$m nym M _S>b
hr {ZH$Q> Am` {VRm h& Ama Agwa Hw$_mam| H$m B M_ao VmH$s ^wOmdm| H$a hbmE Ooo M_a
{VZH$a hmWr _Zmoha ^mgo h Ogo M_ar H${hò gwah Jm` gmo hmbVo Ho$gZ Ho$ M_am| H$a emo^m`_mZ
XrIo h&&39&& Eogo EoamdV JO na {OZ| H$mo MT>m`H$a Xodmo g{hV gmY_ B gw_o ndV na Om`
m ^`m& H$gm h {OZ|, EoamdV H$m _S>Z H${hò Am^yfU h {OZH$a EoamdV gmoho h&&40&& Cg
{OZamO H$mo gwaamO JOamOVo CVmaH$a {J[aamO Ho$ {eIa Omo nmS>w H$ dZ Cg {dfo {g Omo
nmSw>H${ebm Cg na Omo qghmgZ Cg {dfo nYam` H$a dU Ho$ H$beZ H$a Xodmo| H$a Am`m Omo
jra gmJa H$m Ob CgH$a XodZ g{hV B ^w H$mo ZhbmH$a d Am^yfU nwn _mbm{X H$a
mJ maH$a A{V Vw{V H$aVm ^`m, {\$a gw_o go `m` _mVm H$s JmoX {dfo nYam` H$a H$ar h O_
H$`mm H$s C{MV {H$`m {OgZo&&43&&
{\$a amOm {gmW Ama amUr {`H$m[amr Ho$ g_rn AmZX Ho$ Xm`H$ Omo {OZZmW {VZH$m
d_mZ Zm_ H$h ~hV Vw{VH$a XodZ g{hV Xodo da XodbmoH$ H$mo J`m&&44&& J^ Ho$ n{hbo N>h
_hrZm| go boH$a O_ n`V nh _mg H$a Omo aVZ Ymam ~agr CgH$a g_V `mMH$ OZ amOm Zo
V {H$ò&&45&& do ^JdmZ d_mZ XodZ H$a go` `m| `m| d{ H$mo m ^ò `y `y _mVm {nVm
~Yw VrZ bmoH$ Ho$ Ord CZgo AmZX Ama AZwamJ ~T>mdVo ^ò&&46&& do ^JdmZ gwa AgwaZ Ho$ B
{VZHo$ _wH$w Q>Z na H$ndjZ Ho$ nwnm| H$s Omo _mbm CgH$a A{MV h Mam H$_b {OZHo$ Ama _hm
Yra gmo XodmonZw rV ^moJZH$a _{S>V Vrg df Ho$ hmoVo Ê&&47&& BZ ^JdmZ H$m {Mm ewdm Ama
dV $n AWdm ew AmMma h {OZH$m Ama {Ma H${hE jUdVu Zht Ama pWa H${hò T> h gmo
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^moJm| {dfo AmgV Z ^`m& H$go h ^moJ, _hm Hw${Q>bVm $n h Ogo _hm Hw${Q>b qgh Ho$ ZIaYm o
{dfo _moVr Z {namoE Om`&
^mdmW - _moVr Vmo ew H${hò {Z_b Ama dV H${hò Jmob Ama pWa H${hò AMb Ama {Ma
H${hò Ob Ho$ ~wX~wXm H$s `mB jU^Jaw Zht gmo qgh Ho$ ZIaY Hw${Q>b _hmdH$ CZ {dfo H$go
{namoò Om`& Ogo ^JdmZ d_mZ H$m {Mm ew H${hò amJm{X a{hV Ama dV H${hò g`_$n Ama
pWa H${hò AMb Ama {Ma H${hò jU daVr Zht gmo ^moJm| {dfo H$go AmgV hmo`& H$go h ^moJ,
_hm Aew h Ama AdV$n h Ama jU^Jaw h Ama Mnb h Ama Hw${Q>b H${hò dH$ h&&48&&
gmo EH$ {XZ do Omo ^JdmZ emV {Mm d` ~w CZH$mo ggma eara ^moJ go dam` CnOm& V~
gmadV Am{X` _wI AQ> H$ma Ho$ bmH$m{VH$ Xod Z_H$ma H$a ^w H$s Vw{V H$aVo ^ò&&49&&
Ama gmY_m{XH$ B Xodm| g{hV Am`H$a A{^foH$ H$aVo ^ò& Ama nyOm H$a nmbH$s _| MT>mò {\$a
dh nmbH$s Bm| Zo CR>mB&&50&&
_mJ{ea ~Xr Xe_r Ho$ {XZ Cmam \$mJwU Zj {dfo ^JdmZ dZ H$mo Jò&&51&& eara Ho$
gH$b d Am^yfU _mbm CVma nM _wQ>rZ H$a {ea Ho$ Ho$ebmM H$a _w{Z ^ò&&52&& ^JdmZ Ho$
Ho$em| Ho$ g_yh Omo ^_a gmaIo `m_ CZH$mo B Zo CR>m`H$a jragmJa {dfo nYamò gmo jragmJa
{OZo Ho$ Ho$em| Ho$ nwO
H$a _pS>V A{V emo^Vm ^`m _mZmo B Zo BZrb _{U`m| Ho$ g_yh g_w
{dfo S>mao h&&53&& {OZamO H$m Vn H$`mUH$ XoI H$a gH$b gwa Za h{fV ^ò, Vrgao H$`mmH$
H$s nyOm H$a AnZo AnZo WmZ H$mo Jò&&55&& Vn YaVo hr {OZoda H$mo MmWm _Zn`` kmZ
CnOm& Mma kmZ hr h Zo {OgHo$ gmo Yra ~mah df mXe H$ma H$m Vn H$aVm ^`m&&56&&
{OZZmW Ho$ JwUm| Ho$ g_yh H$m h JhU {OgHo$ gmo {dhma H$aVm hAm G$OwH$y bm ZXr H$o Vra
O{ ^H$ Zm_m Omo Jm_ {VgHo$ dZ {dfo AmdVm ^`m&&57&& Vhm emb H$m Omo dj CgHo$ g_rn
{ebm Cg na AmVmnZ `moJ Ya {VR>m& Cg {XZ XOm Cndmg Wm`m, gmo demI gwXr Xe_r Ho$ {XZ
Cmam \$mJwUr Zj {dfo dh ewb`mZr Km{V`m H$_Z Ho$ g_yh H$mo KmVH$a Ho$dbkmZ H$mo m
hmoVm ^`m&&59&& V~ g_V gwamgwa Ho$dbkmZ Ho$ ^md H$a VH$mb Mbm`_mZ ^`m h AmgZ
{OZH$m gmo Am` H$a Cg ^w H$s godm _{h_m H$aVo ^ò&&60&& gmo JUYa {~Zm, dmUr Z {Iar
{N>`mgR> {XZ VH$ ^w _mZ H$a {dhma {H$`m, {\$a amOJh ZJa Ho$ g_rn _hm {dVrU {dnwbmMb
ndV na Am` {damOo& Ogo bmoH$m| Ho$ CmoV H$ado AW gy` CX`mMb na {VR>&o &61&&
V~ gwa Agwa g~ hr ^w H$mo {dnwbmMb ndV na {damOVo OmZH$a BV CVV Amò Ogo {OZ|
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Ho$ JwU gH$b EH$ ôbo hmo` hr h& Vgo gwamgwa gH$b hr {J[a na ôbo ^ò&&62&& gmo ndV
gmY_m{XH$ BZ H$a Ama Xodm| H$a dopQ>V ^`m d_mZ Ho$ {damOZo na {dnwbmMb Eogm
emo^m`_mZ ^`m Ogm H$_^{y _ H$s ar{V Am{X G$f^ Ho$ {damOdoH$a H$bme ndV emo{^V ^`m
Wm&&63&&
dhm Xodm| Zo VrZ H$moQ> aMo - EH$ EH$ H$moQ> Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Mma XadmOo gmo VrZ H$moQ> Ho$ mXe
XadmOo emo^Vo ^ò&&64&& EH$ `moOZ Ho$ {dVma _hmdra H$m g_dgaU hmoVm ^`m& Cg {dfo ~mah
g^m AmH$me Vw` \${Q>H$ _{U H$s h {^{m OmHo$&&65&& Cg g_dgaU {dfo MmVrg A{Ve`
Ama AQ> m{Vhm` CZH$a `wV {OZ M Bm{XH$ H$a dopQ>V Eogo emo^Vo ^ò Ogo Zjm| _|
{ZemH$a gmoh& &66&& dhm ^JdmZ Ho$ g_dgaU _| B H$s oaUm H$a B^y{V H${hò JmV_ Ama
ApZ^y{V dm`w^{y V h Zm_ {OZHo$ Eogo n{S>V ~mh_U Amò&&67&& ò VrZm| ^mB {VZHo$ òH$ Ho$
nmM nmM gm {e` gmo g~ hr dm{XH$ n[aJh VO H$a g`_ AJrH$ma H$aVo ^ò&&68&& amOm
MoQ>H$ H$s nwr MXZ~mbm ~h_ MmaUr gmo gH$b n[aJh VO H$a EH$ doV d Yma gH$b
Am`m{Z _| _w` ^B&&70&&
Ama lo{UH$ _hmamO MVwaJ goZm H$a g`w V {dnwbmMb ndV Ho$ {ZH$Q> Am` m ^ò, {J[a
na MT> H$a qghmgZ na {VR>Vo Omo {OZoda {VZH$mo Um_ H$aVo ^ò&&71&& H$go h ^w, N> M_a
Pmar H$be dOm Xnm drOZm Ama Ymam {g AQ> _Jb ` {VZH$a g`w V h&&72&& Ama
AQ> H$ma H$s Omo _hmdOm {VZH$a g`w V h g_dgaU {OZH$m& AQ> H$ma dOmAm| _|
nwn_mbm MH$ d H$_b JO qgh df^ JS> AQ> H$ma Ho$ AmH$ma h&&73&& Ama _mZV^
VWm aZZ Ho$ Vyn H${hò nwO
Ama Mma H$ma Ho$ _hmdZ Ama dmnr Ama gamodar Ama dbr
dZbVm _S>n&&74&& B`m{X Ama ^r AZoH$ aMZmAm| H$a _{S>V {OZamO H$m g_dgaU hmoVm
^`m& {Og R>ma Oo Oo dVw Mm{hE, ò gH$b g_dgaU _| nyU h& Eogm a_UrH$ bmo` _o Ama
WmZ Zmht&&75&&
~mah g^mAm| H$m dUZ

AWmZVa - {OZamO H$o g_rn W_ g^m _o _w{ZamO {VR>Vo hwE gwdU g_mZ gwXa h eara
{OZHo$ Eogo emo^Vo ^ò, Ogo M_m Ho$ g_rn ewH$ m{XH$ Jh dhn{V g{hV {VR>Vo gmoho h&&76&&
Ama XOr g^m _| H$ndm{gZr Xodr emo^Vr ^B& H$ndob g_mZ gwXa h ^wOm {OZH$s Ogr gw_o
Ho$ g_rn ^moJ^y{_ gmoh,o Vgr {OZda Ho$ g_rn dJdmgr Xodr emo^Vr ^B&&77&& Ama VrOr g^m
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_| Am`H$mdm| H$s npV amOmdm| H$s amUr Am{X gH$b {`m| g{hV emo^Vr ^B, Ogr XoXr`_mZ
{~Owar`m| H$a g`w V eaX Ho$ ~mXam| H$s npV gmoh&o
^mdmW - Am`H$mdm| H$s npV Vmo doV d H$mo Yao eaX G$Vw Ho$ ~mXam| H$s npV ^B Ama
amUr Am{X Ama r AmÛm{XH$ H$a _{S>V {dOwar`m| H$s emo^m YaVr ^B&&78&& Ama MmWr g^m
{dfo `mo{Vfr Xodm| H$s r emo^Vr ^B gwXa h _y{V {OZH$s _mZmo g_dgaU$n g_w {dfo do Vmam|
Ho$ {V{~~ hr h&&79&& Ama nmMdr g^m {dfo `Va XodZ H$s XodmJZm gmohVr ^B _mZmo do
gmjmV dZb_r hr h {OZHo$ H$aH$_bm| H$s emo^m H$mo hao h Ama N>R>r g^m {dfo ZmJHw$_mam{X
^dZdmgrZ H$s XodmJZm ZmJZ Ho$ \$Um| H$a emo{^V ZmJdob g_mZ emo^Vr ^B&&81&& Ama gmVdt
g^m {dfo Agwa Hw$_mam{X Xe H$ma Ho$ ^dZdmgr Xod emo^Vo ^ò& _Zmoha h gwXa ôf {OZHo$&&82&&
Ama AmR>dt g^m {dfo {H$Za qH$nwf _hmoaJ JYd `j amjg ^yV {nemM AQ> H$ma Ho$
`VaXod emo^Vo ^ò&&83&& Ama Zd_r g^m {dfo M gy` VmamJh Zj ò nmM H$ma Ho$
Omo{VfrXod {dVrU h eara {dfo `mo{V {OZH$s do emo^Vo ^ò&&84&& Ama Xedt g^m {dfo
H$ndmgr Xod H$n dj g_mZ _Z Ho$ haUhmao g~ XodZ _| loR> emo^Vo ^ò& _wH$w Q> Hw$S>b hma
Ho$`ya H${Q> _oIbmdm| Ho$ YaUhmao& Ama `mahdt g^m {dfo _Zw` {dmYa Ama ^y{_JmoMar AnZo
nw nmm{X g{hV {VR>o emo^Vo ^ò ZmZm H$ma H$s ^mfm Ho$ ^mfUhmao Ama ZmZm H$ma Ho$ ôf Ho$
YaUhmao ^JdmZ H$mo Z_H$ma H$aVo XodZ go XrIo h Ama AZoH$ ^y{_JmoMar {dmYa {OZH$mo god|
Eogo ~S>-o ~S>o amOm Z_r^yV ^ò ^JdmZ Ho$ g_wI {VR>o h&&86&& Ama ~mahdt g^m {dfo qgh JO
Ad _{hf df^ gn ZHw$b B`m{X AZoH$ {V`M emV ^ò {VR>o h {OZamO Ho$ ^md H$a CnOm
h {ddmg {OZHo$&&87&& ò ~mah g^m X{jUm {Xò W_ hr {dZ` $n Z_H$ma H$a Mm{JaXm
{VR>o h&&88&&
dhm JmV_ JUYa {OZo H$mo VrW H${hò Omo Y_ CgHo$ AW nmn Ho$ Zme H$aUhmao Z
nyN>Vm ^`m& H$go h {OZo, `j XoIo h g_V nXmWZ H$m d$n {Ohm|Zo gd Ho$ kmVm Q>m
h Ama O_ Oam _aU AWdm amJ of _moh ò Omo Xmof h {VZHo$ j` H$aUhmao h&&89&& gmo ^JdmZ
gd gXho H$s Xa H$aUhmar Omo {X` d{Z CgH$a lmdU dXr 1 nydmhZ g_` A[^{OV Zj {dfo
mXemJ H$m {Z$nU H$aVo ^ò&
H$gr h {OZH$s {X`d{Z, XX^r ~mOm| H$s Ogr J^ra d{Z hmo` Vgr J^ra h Ama EH$
`moOZ VH$ ldU _o Amdo h&&91&& ^JdmZ d_mZ n{hbm Omo AmMmamJ Ama XOm gyH$VmJ,
VrOm gWmZmJ, MmWm g_dm`mJ, {VZH$m AW$n `m`mZ H$aVo ^ò, {\$a nmMdm `m`mZ
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k{, N>R>m kmV Y_ H$Wm, gmVdm CnmgH$m``Z, AmR>dm AVH$V XemJ {VZH$m AW H$hVo
Ê&&93&& Zd_m AZwma Ama Xedm Z `mH$aU, `mahdm {dnmH$ gy, BZH$m na_ n{d AW
lmoVmAm| H$mo H$hVo Ê&&94&& {\$a ~mahdm pQ>dmX, CgHo$ ôX nmM {VZH$m AW gdk Xod gH$b
g^m H$mo gwZmdVo Ê& H$gm h pQ>dmX, VrZ gm gR> nmIpS>`m| H$m h IS>Z {Og {dfo&&95&&
OJV Ho$ ZmW {OZ| ~mahdo AJ Ho$ nmM ôXm| _| W_ ôX n[aH$_ H$hVo ^ò&&1&& XOm
gy&&2&& Vrgam W_mZw`moJ&&3&& MmWm nydJ V&&4&& nmMdm My{bH$m&&5&& ò gH$b ôX ^mfVo
^ò&&96&& MmWm nydJ V CgH$o ôX MmXh CZ_| n{hbm CnmX nyd na_ Vd H$m h {Z$nU
{Og_|&&1&& XOm AJmÙr Zm_m nyd _w` h A`m_ MaMm {Og_|&&97&& VrOm dr` dmX
nyd& 3& MmWm ApV ZmpV dmX&4& nmMdm kmZ dmX&5& N>R>m g` dmX, {VZH$m AW ^w
$nVo ^ò&6& gmVdm Am_ dmX&7& AmR>dm H$ dmX&8& Zd_m `m`mZ&9& Xgdm
{dmZwdmX&10& mahdm H$mU nyd& 11& ~mahdm mUdmX nyd& &12&& Ama Vd H$m H$WZ h
{Og {dfo&&99&& Voahdm {H$`m{demb {dVrU h AW {Og_|&13& MmXhdm Y_bmoH$ qdXgma&14&
`h MmXh nyd CZH$m `m`mZ ^JdmZ g_V Ho$ domm JmV_m{X _w{Z`mo| H$mo H$hVo ^ò {\$a My{bH$m
Ho nmM Omo ôX {VZH$m H$WZ H$aVo ^ò, AZoH$ h dVw {OZ_|&&100&&
Bg ^m{V AJ {dQ> Oo nyd {VZH$m {ZU` H$a {OZoda Xod AJ ~mh` Oo MmXh H$sUH$
CZH$m `m`mZ H$aVo ^ò, n{hbm H$sUH$ gm_m{`H$ `WmW h Zm_ {OgH$m, Om_| gm_m{`H$ H$m
`m`mZ h&1& XOm H$sUH$ MVw{de{V VdZ&2& VrOm dXZm Zm_ _hm n{d&3& MmWm
{VH$_U&4& nmMdm {dZ`&5& N>R>m H${VH$_ {VZH$m d$n ^JdmZ ^`Z H$mo H$hVo ^ò&6&
gmVdm XgdH$m{bH$&7& AmR>dm Cmam``Z&8& Zd_m H$n`dhma&9& Xgdm H$`mUH$n&10&
`mahdm _hmH$n&11& ~mahdm nwS>arH$&12& Voahdm _hmnwS>arH$&13& MmXhdm {ZfH$&14&
~mh`Vm H$a m`pMV H$m h dUZ {Og_| gmo OJ` H$m Jw g~ OrdZ Ho$ {hV {dfo C_r
H$hVm ^`m& H$gm h AJ H$sUH$ H$m `m`mZ, {Vnm H${hò H$WZ H$aZo `mo` h&5& Ama
_{VkmZm{X Ho$db n`V nmMm| kmZm| H$m d$n Ama BZH$m OmZnZm VWm \$b g~ H$hVo ^ò& Ama
BZ kmZZ _o| _{V, lwV, namoj Ama Ad{Y, _Zn`` ò EH$Xoe `j Ama Ho$db gH$b `j,
gmo g~ ôX H$hVo ^ò, Ama kmZ H$s g`m H${hò JUZm gmo gH$b H$mer&&6&&
Ama MmXh _mJUm Ho$ ôX Ama MmXh JwUWmZm| Ho$ ôX Ama MmXh Ord g_mg {VZHo$ ôXH$a
Ord ` H$m `m`mZ H$aVo ^ò&&7&& {\$a gV, g`m, jo, neZ, H$mb, AVa, ^md, An
~hd H${hò AmR> {VZH$a Zm_ WmnZm ` ^md BZH$a ` H$m bjU H$hVo ^ò gmo Ord
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nwXJ bm{X fQ>` h& do AnZo-AnZo bjUm| H$a g~ hr {^-{^ h& `m| H$m gmm bjU h
gmo CnmX `` Ym `Vm H$a g`w V h&&8&& Ama H$_ H$m ~Y Xmo H$ma H$m h EH$ ew^ EH$
Aew^& CZHo$ H$maU ^r Xmo H$ma Ho$ h - EH$ ew^mon`moJ EH$ Aew^mon`moJ& CZ_o ew^ Vmo gwI H$m
XmVm Ama Aew^ XI H$m XmVm Ama ~YV| Ny>Q>Zm gmo _moj Ama moj H$m H$maU ewmon`moJ $n
ewb `mZ Ama AQ> JwU$n \$b CZ AQ> JwUm| Ho$ Zm_ jm`H$ g`d 1 Ho$dbkmZ 2
Ho$dbXeZ 3 AZVdr` 4 gy_d 5 AdJmhZ 6 AJwbKw 7 A`m~mY 8 ò AmR>& Ama ~Y
H$m \$b XI moj $b AmZX& Omo bmoH$ {df ^moJo h gmo VrZ bmoH$ {df AZoH$ AbmoH$ Ho$ _`
{VR>o h gmo bmoH$ Ama AbmoH$ H$m d$n bmo` ZmW H$hVo Ê&
AWmZVa - JmV_ JUYa gG${f H$a gn Omo mXemJ Ama CnmJ Omo MmXh H$sUH$
{VZ g{hV {OZ ^m{fV AW H$mo JW $n H$Q> H$aVm ^`m&&11&& ~mah g^m {dfo bmo` Ho$
Ord {VR>Vo {OZ gy` H$s dmUr $n {H$aUm| H$a _mZmo gmoVo OmJo, VOr h _hm_moh H$s {Zm
{Ohm|Z&o 12&& {OZoda H$s dmUr hmoR> Z hmbo Ama AYam| Ho$ ne {~Zm {dVar Xod _Zw` {V`Mm|
Ho$ {_`md H$m Zme H$aVr ^B Ama {OZoda H$m ^m`m VdmW H$m _mJ lmZ h bjU {OgH$m
eH$m, H$mjm, ^moJm{^bmfm{X H$bH$ go a{hV _hm {Z_b h&&14&& g`XeZ $n g_rMrZdV
kmZ $n Am^yfUm| H$m Zm`H$ AZoH$ ^` Ordm| Zo AnZo H$U Ama X` {dfo Wm`m&&15&&
fQ>H$m` nMBp`| JwU WmZ Ord g_mg Hw$b Om{V Am`w BZHo$ ôX ^` Ord Zoo _mJUmAm| Ho$
D$na JwU Ama JwUWmZ na _mJUm nana gH$b ôX AmJ_ H$s pQ> go ^Òrdm| Zo AdbmoH$
H$a {ZM` {H$ò&&16&&
JwUWmZ nydH $ Oo {H$`m CZ {dfo fQ>H$m`m| Ho$ Ordm| H$s qhgm{XH$ H$m `mJ gmo n{hbm
Aqhgm Zm_ _hmdV H${hò&&17&& Ama Omo amJ of _moh WH$s na OrdZ H$mo AmVmnH$mar dMZ
VOZm gmo XOm g` _hmdV H${hò&&18&& Ama An AWdm ~hV nam`m ` {~Z {X`m CgH$mo
AJrH$ma Z H$aZm gmo VrOm AXmm `mJ _hmdV h&&19&& Ama _Z dMZ H$m`H$a VWm H$V H$m[aV
AZw_moXZmH$a r H$m Ama r H$s gJ{V H$m `mJ gmo MmWm ~h_ M` _hmdV H${hò&&20&& Ama
~mh` Am`Va Ho$ gH$b n[aJh Xmof $n CZH$m `mJ H$aZm gmo n[aJh `mJ Zm_m nmMdm _hmdV
H${hò&&21&& Ama {ZaIH$a MbZm am{ H$mo J_Z Z H$aZm OrdZ Ho$ g_yh H$mo Q>ma nJ YaZm OyS>m
_mU YaVr gmoY H$a MbZm gmo n{hbm B`m g{_{V H${hò& `h B`m g{_{V gd dVm| H$s ewVm
H$aUhmar h&&22&& Ama H$H$e dMZ H$R>mao dMZ {ZX` dMZ VOH$a _moj_mJ H$m h `Z OmHo$
Eogm Omo `{V CgH$mo gXm Y_H$m` {dfo {hV {Z{_m dMZ ~mobZm gmo XOr ^mfm g{_{V H${hò&&23&&
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Ama `{V Ho$ eara H$s {WaVm Ho$ AW A Ob H$s ewVm XoI {d{Y nydH $ Amhma H$m JhU
gmo VrOr EfUm g{_{V H${hò&&24&& Ama `moJ dVw XoI JhU H$aZm Ama YaZm gmo MmWr AmXmZ
{ZjonU Zm_ g{_{V H${hò&&25&& Ama OVw a{hV mgwH$ ^y{_ {dfo eara Ho$ _bmo H$m `mJ gmo
nM_r {VR>mnZm g{_{V H${hò&&26&& Bg ^m{V `h nmM g{_{V Oo H$ht, do nmbZr Ama
_ZmoJ{w dMZJw{ H$m`Jw{ ò VrZ Jw{ _w{Z`m| H$mo YmaUr& H$gr h ò Jw{, _Z dMZ H$m` Ho$
`moJZ H$s ew $n h d{m {OZ_|&&27&& Ama _Z H$s goZm nmM Bp`m| H$m {ZamoY Ama g_Vm,
dXZ Vw{VH$aU, {VH$_U, dm`m`, H$m`mogJ ò fQ> Amd`H$ {H$`m Ama Ho$em| H$m bmMZ
Ama ZmZ H$m `mJ Ama EH$ ~ma ^moOZ Ama ~R>H$a ^moOZ Z H$aZm, IS>m hr H$aZm, Ama d
H$m `mJ&&28&&
Ama ^y{_ e`m Ama XV YmdZ Z H$aZm, ò gmYw Ho$ _ybJwU h Ama ~mah Vn, ~mah g`_,
gamJ, drVamJ, Mm[a Ama ~mBg narfh H$m OrVZm&&29&& Ama mXemZwj
o m VWm Cm_ j_m{X
Xe bjU Y_, Ama kmZ XeZ Vn Mm[a H$m {dZ`&&30&& `h `{V H$m Y_ H$_ ~Y Ho$ H$mQ>Zo
H$m H$maU ^JdmZ H$hVo ^ò& {Og g_` {OZamO Zo `m`mZ {H$`m, Cg g_` g_dgaU _| gwa
Agwa Za {Va`M g~ hr Wo, gmo g~Ho$o g_rn gdk Zo _w{Z Y_ H$m `m`mZ {H$`m, gmo _w{Z hmoZo
H$mo g_W Omo _Zw` {VZ_| Ho$BH$ Za ggma go ^`^rV n[aJh H$m `mJ H$a _w{Z ^ò& ew h Om{V
H${hò _mVnj Hw$b H${hò {nVnj {OZHo$ Eogo ~mh_U jr d` gH$S>m| gmYw ^ò&&32&& Ama
ew de H$s CnOmo g`H$ XeZ H$a ew H${hò {Z_b doV d H$s YaUhmar hOmam amUr
Am`H$m ^B Ama H$ EH$ _Zw` Mmam| hr dU Ho$ nM AUwdV VrZ JwUdV Mma {ejmdV Yma lmdH$
^ò& Ama Mmam| dU H$s H$B EH$ r lm{dH$m ^B&&35&& Ama qghm{XH$ {V`M ~hV lmdH$ Ho$
dV YmaVo ^ò `Wm epV Zo_ {dfo {VR>&o Ama Xod g`H$ XeZ Ho$ YmaH$ AdV g`pQ> hmo`
{OZ nyOm {dfo AZwamJr ^ò&&36&&
Ama amOm lo{UH$ Zo ~hV Ama^-n[aJh Ho$ `moJ go n{hbr Xem _| ZaH$ H$s CH$Q> Am`w Ho$
~Y {H$ò Wo, gmo ZaH$ H$s CH$Q> Am`w VoVrg gmJa ZaH$ {dfo h&&37&& Vmo VrW}da Ho$ {ZH$Q>
jm`H$ g`d Ho$ ^md go ZaH$ H$s CH$Q> Am`w N>Xo r& W_ ZaH$ Ho$ W_ nmWS>o _| Mmamgr
hOma df H$s Am`w Yma CnO|J&o &38&& H$hm VoVrg gmJa gmVd| ZaH$ H$s Am`w, H$hm W_ ZaH$
H$s An Am`w, Ahmo jm`H$ g`d H$m ^md gdm}H$Q> h&&39&& Ama amOm lo{UH$ Ho$ nw
AHy$ a, dm[afoU, A^`Hw$_ma Ama ^r g`d dV Ho$ YmaH$ ^ò& Ama BZH$s _mVm amObmoH$ H$s
YZr r&&40&& g`d dV erb XmZ mofYmondmg {OZ nyOm H$mo AJrH$ma H$a OJV` H$m Jw
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Omo {OZ| Cgo Um_ H$aVr ^B&&41&& Ama Xodo {OZo H$mo Vmo nydH $ Um_ H$a AnZo-AnZo
dJm] g{hV AnZo-AnZo WmZ H$mo Jò Ama amOm lo{UH$ ^r C JwU$n loUr MT>m ^JdmZ H$mo
Z_H$ma H$a Vw{VH$a h{fV hmo` ZJa _o| J`m&&43&&
^JdmZ H$m g_dgaU $n g_w Cggo {ZH$go mUr ^ò MMb bha CZH$a emo^Vm ^`m& Ogo
g_w Z{X`m| Ho$ dmhH$a gXm âm hr aho h&&44&& Vgo ^JdmZ H$m g_dgaU Xod _Zw` {V`M
Omo AmVo Ama OmVo CZ H$a nyU hr ah, H$Xo KQ>o Zmht& Ogo gy` H$m _S>b {H$aUm| Ho$ g_yhH$a nyU
hr XrIo h H$~ h {H$aUZ H$s H$_r Z XrIo EH$ {ZH$go EH$ nR>&o &45&& ^JdmZ Ho$ g_dgaU H$m
gy` _S>b H$m CX` AV Y_ MH$ Ama ^m_S>b H$s H$m{VH$a Z OmZm nS>&o &46&& Cg g_dgaU
{dfo d_mZ VrWH$a Y_ H$m CnXoe H$ao h, {ZaVa godm `mo` Omo gdk CZHo$ CnXoe H$a lo{UH$
Ho$ Eogr Mr ~T>r Omo {OZdmUr gXm gwZdmoB H$$& Y_ AW H$m_ ò VrZ nXmW amOm H$o nana
A{damoY Ho$ ^md H$mo m ^ò&&47&& Cg g_` JmV_ JUYa H$mo nm`H$a gdk Ho$ CnXoe go amOm
gd AZw`moJm| Ho$ _mJ {dfo drU ^`m&
^mdmW - W_mZw`moJ H$aUmZw`moJ MaUmZw`moJ `mZw`moJ ò Mma AZw`moJ {OZ {dfo amOm H$mo
n[anyU kmZ ^`m&&49&& amOm _hm {ddoH$s Zo amOJhr ZJar H$o ^rVa Ama ~mha D$Mo-D$Mo {OZ
_{Xa ~Zmò, {ZaVa {OZ Y_ H$s _{h_m Ama Cgd h {OZ {dfo Eogo Omo {OZ M`mb` {VZH$a
ZJa emo{^V {H$`m&&50&& Ama g_V _JY Xoe _| M`mb` H$amò gm_Vm| Ho$ g_yh Ama _hm _r
nwamo{hV goZmn{V Chm|Zo ^r H$amò Ama Om Ho$ bmoH$Z Zo ^r H$amò& gH$b Xoe {OZ Xodmb`H$a
_hm _Zmoha ^mgVm ^`m&&51&&
lo{UH$ Ho$ amO _| ZJa Jm_ Ama Kmof H${hò Ahram| H$s nbr Ohm Jm` ^g _{hfr ~hV
Jmoag H$s MwaVm, CZ WmZm| Ho$ {dfo Ama ndVm| Ho$ AJ^mJ {dfo Z{X`m| Ho$ VQ> Ama dZ Ho$ _`,
g~ R>ma {OZ_{Xam| H$s npV _{h_m bmoH$ XoIVo ^ò&&52&& do ^JdmZ d_mZ OJV Ho$ gy` kmZ
$nr ^m_S>b H$s Xr{ H$a {_`m kmZ $n {h_ H${hò erV CgH$m AVH$aU hmao _`mhZ Ho$
gy` H$gr H$m{V H$mo YaVo hE _JY Xoe H$s Om H$mo {V~w H$a _` Xoe H$s Amoa {dhma H$aVo
Ê& `m H$aVo gV,o AkmZ $n erV H$m AVH$a _hm H${hò _moQ>m CX` H${hò Vmn CgH$a nyU
H$me $n {VR>Vo gVo _moh $n AYH$ma Omo {dVrU CgH$mo {ZdmaVo hE nyd Xoe H$s Om H$mo
{V~moY _` Xoe H$s Amoa Amò&&53&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm Y_VrWdVZmo Zm_ {Vr`gJ&&2&&
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Vrgam gJ
AWmZVa - {OZoda Ho$ ^mdH$a _` Xoe {dfo Y_ VrW H$s d{m hmoVo gVo gd hr Xoem|
{dfo Y_VrW dVm XeZ _moh H${hò {_`md CgH$s {Zd{m ^B&&1&& OrdZ Ho$ {Mm {OZ| Ho$
CX` go {Z_b hmo` Jò Ogo Bg bmoH$ {dfo AJV Ho$ CX` go Ob Ho$ {ZdmU {Z_b hmo` Om`,
H$mbw`Vm Z aho& H$mer 1 H$meb 2 Hw$g{Y 3 AIQ> 4 gmbdV 5 JVnM
mb 6 ^H$ma 7
nQ>Q>a 8 _mH$ 9 _Vga{H$Zr`w 10 eyagoZ 11 dH$mWH$ 12 _`Xoe 13 Ama H$qbJ 14
Hw$OmJb 15 H$Ho$` 16 Amo` 17 H$m~moO 18 ~mhrH$ 19 dU 20 lwV`Yw 21 JmYma 22
gmdra 23 gya 24 ^rb 25 XgH$ 26 nmS>drZ 27 âmO 28 Cma 29 VmU 30 H$aU 31 N>mb
32 B`m{X AZoH$ Xoem| {dfo {dhma H$aVo drVamJ bmoH$Z H$mo Y_$n H$aVo ^ò&
H$go h ^JdmZ, {d^d H${hò AVa ~mh`{d^y{V CgH$a _{S>V h& Ama ^` dgb H${hò
^`Z Ho$ VmaH$ h, Ogo ^JdmZ G$f^ Zo MVwWH $mb Ho$ Am{X OrdZ H$mo CnXoe {X`m, dgm hr
_hmdra XoVo ^ò Ho$dbkmZ H$m h CmoV {OZHo$ Eogo Omo {OZ gy` {VZHo$o H$meH$ hmoVo gVo {_`md
$n ApZ H$m M_H$ma H$hm OmVm ah`m gmo h_ Z OmZo&&8&& {Og g_` gdk drVamJ Ho$ eara
H$m XeZ Ama dMZ H$m nm`m h ldU {OZ Ordm| Zo Cg g_` {VZHo$ na em Ho$ ldU {dfo
A{^bmfm Z hmoVr ^B&&9&& Xe A{Ve` Vmo ^w {bò hr CnOo {Z` H${hò gXm {Z_bVm {OZHo$
eara {dfo _b _ym{X gd_b Zht&&1&& Ama ngod _b Zmht&&2&& Ama XY g_mZ COb
{Ya&&3&& Ama dO df^ZmamM ghZZ&&4&& g_ MVwagWmZ&&5&& Ama AX^Vw $n&&6&& _hm
gwJY &&7&& Ama ew^bjU H${hò eara _| EH$ hOma AmR> bjU&&8&& Ama AVwb ~b Om g_mZ
bmo` _o Zht&&9&&
Ama _hm {_Q> dMZ g~Z H$mo {hVH$mar&&10&& dV d^md n{d h eara {OZH$m gmo Xe
A{Ve` H$a emo^Vo ^ò Ama Ho$db CnOo Xe A{Ve` {VZH$m dUZ& {Z_of H${hò ZoZ H$m _w{V
Z hmoZm Ama C_of H${hò CKS>Zm, {VZgo a{hV emV h gwXa bmoMZ {OZHo$&&11&& Ama ZI Ho$e
~Y Zmhr&&12&& Ama ^moOZ H$m A^md&&13&& Ama Oam H$m A^md&&14&& N>m`m H$m A^md
&&15&& Ama Anma H$m{V&&16&& Ama EH$ hr _wI _hm _Zmoha MVw_I
w ^mgo&&17&& Ama g_wI
Xmo {Xemdm| H$s Va\$ Xmo` g `moOZ X{^j H$m A^md Ama CngJ H$m A^md Ama H$moB Ord {H$gr
Ord H$mo CngJ nrS>m Z H$a gHo$&&8&& Ama JJZ J_Z&&9&& 14&& g~ hr {dm {dfo drUVm&&10&&
Km{V`m H$_Z Ho$ j` go ò Xe AX^Vw A{Ve` H$Q> ^ò, gmo {OZamO H$m eara XoIo Ama è
gwZo OJV H$mo gwI CnOo&&15&&
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AWmZVa - XodH$V MVwXe

A{Ve` {VZH$m H$WZ H$ao h {OZamO H$s gdmW _mJYr ^mfm
A_V H$s Ymam H$s ZmB H$U nwQ>H$a nrdVo Oo VrZ OJV Ho$ mUr CZH$mo V[ H$ao h&&16&& Ama
ndr {dfo gd m[U`m| Ho$ {_Vm hmo` h Oo Om{V {damoYr mUr h, do nana dmgZm Z gyK gHo$
h Eogo qgh, JOm{XH$ Ama JS> gnm{X H$m {VZH$m Xmof {_Q> Om`&&17&& Ama N> G$Vw Ho$ \$b \y$b
EH$bma $bo y$bo gd G$Vw EH$bma ôbr ^B WH$s ^JdZ H$mo godo h& gmo H$gr h fQ>G$Vw, \$b
\y$bm| H$a Z_r^yV ^ò Oo dj {VZH$a _mZmo ^w H$mo Z_H$ma H$ao h&18&& {OZ {dfo dh OmZo _
AmJo OmD dh OmZo _ AmJo OmD$ Eogr lmH$a _mZmo gdG$Vw EH$ hr H$mb Am`H$a ^w H$mo godo
h& ^w H$s godm AmamYZm H$mo AmB h, Ama ndr $n r _mZmo AnZo AVH$aU H$s ewVm
{OZoda H$mo {XImdVr gVr ew Amagr g_mZ Cdb ^mgo h& H$gr h ndr $n dYy, gd aZ
B emoô h AJ {OgH$m&&4&& 19&&
Ama Omo ndZ h gmo ^w Ho$ AZwJm{_Zr ^B {dMao h g_wI Zht Amdo h& Ogo godH$ dm_r
Ho$ nrN>o hr Mbo h Vgo ndZ, nrN>o bJr Amdo h& H$gr h ndZ, neH$a CnOm`m h OrdZ Ho$ AJ
H$mo gwI {OgZo&&5&& 20&& Ama O~ ^JdmZ OJV Ho$ ~mYd OrdZ Ho$ CnH$ma {Z{_m {dhma H$a|
V~ g~ OJV H$mo AmZX hmo`, {H$gr Ho$ XI Z aho&&6&& 21&& Ama ndZHw$_ma Xod EH$ `moOZ VH$
ndr H$mo nmfmU H$Q>H$m{X a{hV H$a|&&7&& 22&& Ama gZHw$_ma H${hò _oK Hw$_ma Xod eX H$aVo
hE ew^ gwJY Ob H$s dfm H$a|&&8&& 23&&
nmXnX_{OZo` gnX_ nXo nXo&
^wdod Z^gmJN>{Xm{X{^ gwny{OV_&&1&&
AW - Ama {OZo Ho$ MaU H$_b H$mo Xod nX nX {dfo g g H$_bm| H$a nyOo h {OZo
AmH$me {dfo J_Z H$ao h gmo _mZmo ndr hr H$_bm| H$a ^w H$s nyOm H$ao h& H$_b AmH$me {dfo
\y$b aho h _mZmo Mam H$_bZ H$m gJ nm` {dH$mg H$mo m ^ò h&&9&& 24&&Ama _o{XZr H${hò
ndr dh embr Am{X g_V A Ho$ g_yh dV gw^md \$bo {VZH$a emo^Vr ^B _mZmo ò YmZ Zht
h, {OZoda Ho$ XeZ Ho$ AmZX go ndr Ho$ amo_mM Ê h&&19&& 25&& Ama AmH$me _oKm{XH$ Ho$
AmdaU H$a a{hV ^`m emo^Vm ^`m _mZmo AmH$me {OZamO Ho$ Ho$dbkmZ H$s {d_bVm H$s {ejm
hr AmMao h&&11&&26&&
Ama gd {Xem {Z_bVm H$mo YaVr ^B gmo _mZmo {Z_b hmo` ^JdmZ H$mo godo h gmo {OZXod
{Z_b OrdZ hr nmH$a godZo `mo` h& H$go {Z_b ^B {Xem, ZraO H${hò aO a{hV h& `hm EH$
`J h - ZraO Zm_ H$_b H$m h gmo H$_b amr {dfo Zht \w$pbV hmo` h Ama ò {Xem Ahmoam
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gXm hr ZraO h g_dgaU _| amr {XZ H$m ôX Zht h&&12&&27&& Ama Xodo H$s Amkm go Xo{d`m|
H$m AmdZo H$m eX H$aVo ^ò Omo Amdmo {OZo Y_ H$m XmZ H$ao h gmo bodmo, Bg ^m{V gd Ama
Xodm| Ho$ eX hmo` aho h, Xod Amdo h&&13&&28&& Ama {OZo Ho$ AmJo Y_ MH$ Mbm Om` h, hOma
h Amam {OgHo$ gmo AnZr Xr{ H$a gy` H$s Xr{ H$mo OrVo h&&14&&29&& ò XodH$V MmXh A{Ve`
AX^Vw {VZ H$a g`w V {OZn{V ndr {df {dhma H$aVo ^ò AQ> _Jb `m| H$a _{S>V Ama
dOm| H$a emo{^V&&30&& ò MmVrg A{Ve` H$ho h& A~ AQ> m{Vhm` H$ho h&&32&&
AemoH$-ZJ_m^mgmoXemoH$mmoHw$hl`m&
Z_X^wdZ_mH$me _hd {H$_V na&&31&&
AW - AemoH$ Zm_ dj
emoH$ H$mo hao h& AnZr n nwnm{XH$ Omo {d^y{V Cg H$a emo^Vm ^`m
AmH$me H$mo CmoV $n H$aVm ^`m CnamV Ama _hd `m& AemoH$ dj AnZr CVm H$a _mZmo
AmH$me H$mo neo h AmH$me _mZmo Z J`m h&&31&& {\$a Z_r^yV ^ò h {ga Ho$ Ho$e {OZHo$ Eogo
Omo Xod CZHo$ hmWm| H$a ~agmB AmH$me go nwnm| H$s dpQ> CZ nwnm| H$a Amem H${hò {Xem Ama
{ddâm H${hò ndr gmo emo^Vr ^B&&32&& Ama Mh {Xem Mmg R> M_a Xodm| Zo T>mao CZH$a {OZda
Eogm emo^Vm ^`m Ogo CR>Vr JJm H$s VaJm| go {h_dmZ {J[a ndV emoô h&&33&& Ama g~ OJV
Ho$ Bda {OZoda CZH$m ^m _S>b AnZo VoOH$a gy` Ho$ VoO H$mo AmN>m{XV H$aVm emo^Vm ^`m&
Xa {H$`m h am{ {XZ H$m ôX {OgZo&&34&& Ama XodZ Ho$ ~Om` Oo XX^r {VZH$s Yra d{Z
AmH$me {dfo {dVar _mZmo bmoH$ {dfo {OZamO Ho$ H$_ ew Ho$ OrVZo H$m è hr Jmdo h&&65&& Ama
Bg ndr {dfo OrdZ _wV Omo lr AahVXod {VZHo$ VrZ N> emo^Vo ^ò _mZmo VrZ ^wdZ go ^JdmZ
H$m BH$ N> am` hr H$Q> {XImdo h&
^mdmW - VrZ N> bmo` ZmW hr na {\$a|&&36&& Ama {OZ n{V H$m qghmgZ gwa| m| H$a
dopQ>V emo^Vm ^`m& H$go h {OZn{V, V`m h amOmdm| H$a dopQ>V gdm}H$Q> qghmgZ {OhmoZo| &o
^mdmW - {OZ O~ amOmAm| H$a dopQ>V qghmgZ Vm V~ BZH$a dopQ>V gdm}H$Q>
qghmgZ {damOo&&37&& {\$a {OZo H$s {X`d{Z, Y_ Ho$ `m`mZ {dfo OJ` H$mo n{d H$aVr
^B& H$gr h {X`d{Z, EH$ `moOZ VH$ gwZdo _| Amdo h ldU H$aUhmamo| Ho$ {Mm Ama H$mZm| H$mo
A_V Vw` h&&38&& ^JdmZ XodZ H$a A{MV _mZmo AQ> m{Vhm` {d^d H$a _{S>V AZoH$ Xoemo
_o {dhma H$a _JY Xoe {df Amò&&39&& nmB h g G${$n gnXm {Ohm|Zo Eogo `mah JUYa
g_V lwV Ho$ nmaJm_r B^y`m{XH$ CZH$a _{S>V _hmdra, Ordm| H$mo OJV go nma H$aVo ^ò&
`mah JUYam| Ho$ Zm_ B^yV 1 ApZ^yn 2 dm`w^Vy 3 ew{MXm 4 nmMdm gwY_ 5 N>Q> R>m _mS>d
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6 gmVdm _m` nw 7 AmR>_m AH$nZ 8 Zd_m AMb 9 Xe_m _oXm`H$ 10 `ma_m ^mg 11 `h
`mah gH$b _w{Z`m| Ho$ Jw hmoVo ^ò&&43&&
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G${ 3 {d{H$`m G${ 4 Ama AjrU G${ 5 ~bG${ 6 AmfYG${ 7 ag G${& ò gmV G${
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EH$ EH$ Ho$ 21 gm Vrg Ama Xmo Ho$ gmT>o AmR> gm VrZ EH$ EH$ Ho$ gdm Mma g Ama Mma Ho$ nrg
g {VZ_| EH$ EH$ Ho$ gdm N> g&&46&& BZ_| MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r VrZ g 300 Ama {d{H$`m G${
Ho$ Ymar 900 Ama Ad{YkmZ Ho$ Voamg 1300 Ama Ho$dbkmZr Ho$ gmV g 700 lr d_mZ Ho$db
H$`mUH$ go boH$a {ZdmU n`V g~ gmV gm hmod&| Ama {dnwb _Zn`` Ho$ Ymar nmM g 500 Ama
nadm{X`m| Ho$ OrVZhmao dm{X G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Mma g 400 Ama gm_m` _w{Z H$a Zd hOma Zd
g 9900 ò gH$b JUYam| g{hV MmXh hOma D$na `mah hmoqh& `h {OZoda _wZrda Ho$ gK H$a
{OZoda H$m g_dgaU Eogm emo^Vm ^`m, Ogm Z{X`m| Ho$ g_yh H$a g_w gmoh& &50&& g~ gK H$a
`wV VrW}da amOJh ZJa Ho$ {ZH$Q> Amò&
H$gm h ZJa, b_r H$m Jh H${hò ^S>ma h& gmoh h dU_` aZJh {Og {dfo&&51&& Ama
amOJh ZJa H$m Xgam Zm_ nmM ebnwa h& `h ZJa _w{ZgwdV ZmW Ho$ O_ H$a na_ n{d h Ama
nmM ndVm| H$a dopQ>V h Ama na goZmH$a OrVm Z Om` _hm {df_ h&&52&& nM ndVm| Ho$ Zm_ n{hbm G${f{J[a nyd {Xem H$s Amoa MmH$moa {OZHo$ ~h Amoa ZrPaZo Pao h _mZmo `h {J[a B Ho$
{XJOm| H$s `mB A{Ve` H$a g~ {Xemdm| H$mo emo{^V H$ao h&&53&& XOm X{jU {Xem H$s Amoa
d^ma Zm_m ndV {H$moUmH$ma gmoho h Ama VrOm X{jU npM_ Ho$ _` {dnwbmMb gmo {H$moUmH$ma
hr gmoh h&&54&& MmWm ~bmhH$ Zm_m ndV MT>o YZwf Ho$ AmH$ma VrZm| {XemAm| H$mo `m H$a gmoh
h& Ama nmM_m nmS>w H$ ndV JmobmH$ma nyd Cma Ho$ _` emo^Vm ^`m& `h nmMm| ndV \$b nwnm|
Ho$ g_yh H$a Z_r^yV Omo bVm Ama dj CZH$a emo{^V h Ama PaVo ZrPaZm| Ho$ gyh H$a Zmoha
h&&56&& BZ ndVm|Vo dZ EH$ dmgwny Ho$ gdgaU Q>ma gd VrWH$am| Ho$ g_dgaU Ho$ Am`do H$a
_hm n{d h&
^mdmW - g~m| Ho$ g_dgaU `hm Amò h, dmgwny ` dm_r H$m Z Am`m&&57&& do dZ {g
jom| H$a emo{^V h& H$go h {gjo, VrW `mm H$mo AmdVo Omo ^`m| Ho$ AZoH$ g_yh CZH$a go{dV
h, Ama ZmZm H$ma Ho$ A{Ve` H$a g`w V h&&58&& dhm ^JdmZ {dnwbmMb {dfo {damOo B Zo
H$ar h ^w Ho$ g_dgaU H$s g_V aMZm Ohm&&59&& g_dgaU {dfo Vmo gmY_ Bm{XH$ g_V
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Xod Ama lo{UH$m{XH$ _Zw` Amò, CZH$a Cg g_` {dnwbmMb Xod _Zw`m| H$a ny` ^`m&&60&&
_w{Z`m| Ho$ Mma gK CZ_| nmB h G${ {Ohm|Zo o Eogo Oo G${f gmo ^JdmZ Ho$ g_rn {VR>o h Ama `{V
H${hò H$fm` Ho$ AVH$aUhmao lo{U YmaH$ Ama _w{Z H${hò `jkmZr Ama AZmJma Ama _w{Z ò
JUYam| g{hV `mah A{YH$ MmXh gh hmoVo ^ò, Ama Am`H$mdm| Ho$ gK {dfo MXZm Am{X nVrg
hOma Am{`H$m Ama lmdH$ EH$ bj 1 Ama lm{dH$m VrZ bj&&63&&
ò MVwa{d{Y gK AnZo AnZo WmZH$ {df| {VR>Vo ^ò Ama Xod Xodm MVw{ZH$m` Ho$ Ag`mV
Ama AZoH$ Omo {V`M CZ H$a _{S>V dh Yra _hmdra ~mah g^m H$a emo^Vm ^`m&&64&& dhm
g_dgaU {dfo Xod _Zw` {V`M VrZ ^wdZ Ho$ mUr Y_ ldU H$s BN>mH$a {VR>Vo ^ò, V~
JmV_ JUYa Ho$ Z go ^JdmZ `m`mZ H$aVo ^ò&&65&& Ord Ho$ ôX Xmo` - EH$ {g EH$
ggmar Ama Ord H$m bjU Cn`moJ& OrdZ _| {g AZV Ama ggmar AZVmZV&&66&& {VZ XmoZm|
ôXm| _| {g jo {dfo {damOo g`H$XeZ kmZ Mm[a Ho$ Cnm` H$a H$ar h Am_m H$s {g{
{Ohm|Zo do {g H${hò&&67&& do {g{ AQ> H$_m] Ho$ j` go hmo` h gmo {deofVm H$a H$h h
kmZmdaUr Ho$ nmM ôX {VZHo$ j` go 1 Ama XeZmdaUr Ho$ Zd ôX {VZHo$ j` go&&96&& doXZr
Ho$ Xmo` ôX gmVm AgmVm CZHo$ CS>mdZo go _mohZr Ho$ AR>mBg ôX CZHo$ hZZo go Ama Am`w H$_ Mma
H$ma VmHo$ ^_ H$aZo go 1 Ama ~`mbrg H$ma Zm_ H$_ VWm mZd| H$ma CgHo$ Zme go Ama
Xmo` ôX Jmo H$_ VmHo$ Zmedo go 2 Ama nM ôX AVam` H$_ CgHo$ {ddg go 3 Ama doXZr H$_
Xmo` H$ma Ho$ Zme go gmYw _hm nwf {g hmo` h, bmo` Ho$ {eIa {g {VR>o h, EH$ EH$
{gjo {dfo AZV {g {damOo h&
do {g jm`H$ g`d 1 AZVkmZ 2 AZVXeZ 3 AZVdr` 4 na_ gy_Vm H$a g`w V
h Ama _hm JhZ AdJmhZ JwUH$a _{S>V h& Ama A`m~mY H${hE ~mYm a{hV AZV gwI
CgH$a g`w V h Ama AJwbKw h&&73&& JwVm A bKwVm {OZ_| Zht, ò {g Oo AQ> JwU
{VZH$mo Am{X Xo {gmo Ho$ AZV JwU h, do {g AZVXoer h Ama dUm{X nwXJ b Ho$ ~rg JwU
{VZHo$ Zme go A_yVV m H$a g`w V {VR>o h&&74&& Ama Omo eara go _wV ^ò h Vmgo qH${MV_m
D$Z nwfmH$ma {damOo h, Ogm _y{g _oo _Z J{b Om` Ama AmH$me VWm nwfmH$ma ah Om` Vgo
nwfmH$ma {damOo h&&75&&
Ama _`w O_ Oam A{ZQ> g`moJ jwYm Vfm B`m{X Oo Am{Y `m{Y CZ H$a CnOo Oo g_V
XI CZH$a do {g A~m{YV h {OZHo$ H$moD$ ~mYm Zht&&76&& Ama do {g ` jo H$mb ^d
^md ò nmM ôX Ho$ namdVZ H$a a{hV na_ AmZX $n h&&77&& Ama Oo kmZr na_ _moj Ho$ C_r
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Oo AVa Am_m {VZHo$ ôX VrZ& MmWm AdV g`d JwUWmZ CgHo$ YmaH$ AdV g`H$ pQ>
gmo W_ ôX Ama XOm ôX XoedV nM_ JwUWmZ CgH$a `wV `mah {V_m Ho$ YmaH$ AUwdV r
lmdH$ 1 Ama VrOm ôX _hm_w{Z N>R>o JwUWmZH$ go bo` MmXh_o| JwUWmZH$ bJ Zd H$ma H$m
h&&78&& `h Ord nm[aUm{_H$ ^md YmaH$ _moh Ho$ CX` go VWm j`mone_ goo JwUWmZ {dfo dV}
h &&79&& dhm MmXh JwUWmZm| Ho$ Zm_ n{hbm {_`mpQ> 1 XOm gmgmXZ 2 VrOm g`H$ {_`m
H${hò {_l 3 MmWm AdV g`H$ pQ> 4&&80&&
nmMdm g`Vmg`V H${hò XoedV g`mW h Zm_ {OgH$m&&5&& N>R>m _mg`_r 7 gmVdm
A_mg`_r AmR>_m AnydH $aU 8 Zd_m A{ZdVH$aU 9 Xe_m gy_ gmnam` 10 gmo AmR>d|
Zd_| Xe_| {dfo Cne_loUr jm`H$loUr Xmo` Ama `mahd| jnH$ loUr dmbm Z Om`, Cne_ dmbm
hr Om`, `ma_| H$m Zm_ CnemV H$fm` 11 ~ma_| H$m jrU H$fm` 12 Voa_| H$m g`moJHo$dbr 13
MmX_m A`moJHo$dbr 14& ò MmXh JwUWmZ H$ho h {VZ_| MmWo JwU Ho$ WmZH$ VmB g`pV Ama
nM_ JwUWmZ Ho$ JhW Ama N>R>o go MmXd| VH$ _w{Z, gmo gmao {ZJW ~mh`$n _| Vmo _w{Z _| ôX
Zht, g~ hr {XJ~a Ama A`m_ H${hò ^md {VZ_| ZmZm ôX h& g~ _wZm| _| CVaVo ^md N>R> o
JwUWmZH$ dmbmo Ho$ h Ama D$na Ho$ JwUWmZm| _o MT>V-o MT>Vo ^md ~mah_| JwUWmZ CH$Q>
AVam_m Ama Voah MmXh JwUWmZ dmbm| Ho$ na_m_m ^ò&& 84&&
g`Vmg`V nmM_m JwUWmZ dhm VH$ JhW {VZ_| ~mh`$n H$m ^r ôX Ama ^mdm| H$m ^r
ôX Ama D$nabo Zd JwUWmZ {ZJW m| Ho$ h, {VZ_| ~mh`$n ôX Zht Ama AVaJ ôX h&&85&&
_w{Z`m| _| gd CH$Q> Ho$dbr Voa_| MmXh_o JwUWmZ h {VZHo$ AV|r gwI AZVmZV h& H$go h
Ho$dbr, nmB h Zd jm`H$bpY {Ohm|Zo Ama Ho$dbr go CVaVm gwI ~ma _| jrUH$fm` JwUWmZ
_w{Z Ho$ hmo` h Ama `ma_m CnemV H$fm` dhm ^r `Wm`mo` `Wm`mV Mm[a h gmo ~ma_| go
CVaVm gwI H${hò Ama AmR>d| Zd_| Xe_| jm`H$ loUr dmbm| Ho$ D$na bo JwUWmZH$ go CVaVm
gwI H${hò&&87&&
Xe_| go CVaVm Zd_| _| Zd_| go CVaVm AmR>d| _|, Ama AmR>d| go CVaVm gmVd| _| A_m
g`_r Ho$ gwI h& Ohm Mma H$fm`, Mma {dH$Wm, nmM Br`, {Zm Ama Zoh ò nh _mX Zmht
gmo _mX Ho$ A^md go na_ emVVm $n A_m g`_r Ho$ gwI h& &88&& Aa gmVd| go CVaVm N>R>o
JwUWmZ _m g`_r _w{Z Ho$ `{n _mX h VWm{n qhgm, _fm, AXmmXmZ, Hw$erb, n[aJh BZ
nmMm| nmnm| Ho$ `mJ go nM _hmdV H$s {g{ h Cggo _m _w{Z Ho$ ^r emVVm $n gwI h&&89&&
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Ama _w{Z go CVaVm nM_ JwUWmZ daVr lmdH$ Ho$ _hm VUm Ho$ OrVdo go gwI h& H$go h lmdH$,
qhgm{XH$ nM Omo nmn CZH$m `WmepV AUwdV $n {H$`m h `mJ {Ohm|Z&o &90&&
Ama AUwdV r lmdH go CVaVm AdV g`pQ> MVwJUw WmZ dmbm Vd lmZ H$a Cn`m
gwI AZw^do h& `{n AdV g`pQ> AUwdV r lmdH$ H$s Anojm Ama^r h n[aJhr h Ama qhgm
Am{X VUm n`V nmM nmnm| H$m `mJH$a dV Zht Yao h VWm{n {df`-H$fm` go _hm{daV h Ama
g `gZ H$m `mJr h Ama {OZHo$ {ddmgKmVm{X _moQ>o nmn Zht, qH${MV H$Xm{MV `wm{XH$ H$m
`moJ ~Zo Vmo `m`$n qhgm h Ama {ZO r H$m godZ h {_`mpQ>`m| gmaIo {df`mgV Zht
_mojm{^bmfr h, Bggo BZH$mo hr kmZ$n gwI h&&91&& ò MVwW JwUWmZm{XH$ Ho$ YmaH$
g`pQ> Vmo gwIr hr h Ama VrOo JwUWmZH Zm_ {_l Ohm g`d Ama {_`md XmoZm| h,
ò XmoZmo nana {d $n h& VmVo VrOo JwUWmZ dmbm| Ho$ gwI-XI XmoZm| {_{lV h g`d H$s
YmaUmH$a Vmo gwI h Ama {_`mdH$a XI h&
Ogo er ({\$) aUr H$m dmX {_Q> Ama A_yb XmoZm| $n h Eogo VrOo JwUWmZ dmbo Ho$ ^md
{_l Ymam $n h& `hm gwI-XI XmoZm| H${hò&&92&& Ama g`d H$mo ZmeH$a ^md ZrMo nS>o gmo
O~bJ {_`md ^y{_H$m Zht ne} h V~bJ AVamb dVu gmgmXZ JwUWmZ H${hò& Ogo \$b
dj H$mo emIm go Qy>Q>o Ama ^y{_ Zht Ny>hr AVamb dVu h& naVw ^y{_ ne}Jm, gmo g`d$n
emIm go ^md$n \$b Qy>Q>m O~bJ {_`md $n ^y{_H$m Zmht ne}, V~bJ gmgmXZ H${hò gmo
`h XOm JwUWmZ gmgmXZ VmHo$ YmaH$ m{U`m| Ho$ gwI Vmo Zn H${hò naVw Ogo H$moB XY, {_lr
B`m{X Omo ag {VZH$m ^moOZ hmo` MwH$m Ama ^moOZ nrN>o Ogr dVw ^fr (ImB) hmo` dgr S>H$ma
Amdo gmo S>H$ma _m bJma gwI gmgmXZ gwI h&&93&&
Ama _moh H$s AR>mBg H${V h {VZ_| gmV _hm ~b {VZHo$ CX` H$a {dXmar JB h ~w{
{OZH$s Eogm Hw$~w{ {_`mpQ> _yT > OJV H$m Ord {df`mgV H$fm`m| H$s h VrdVm {OgHo$ VmHo$
gwI H$hm go hmo`& Ogo ~w{hrZ amOm Ho$ gwI Z hmo` Vgo ggmar Ord ~{ham_m Ord gXm XIr
hr h& Bg ggma _| ò mUr {_`md JwUWmZ {dfo AQ> H$_m] go ~Yo h AQ> H$_m] H$s H${V
H${hò d^md go {deofVm H$a H${hò h& kmZmdaUr H$m d^md nS>Xo g_mZ h, gmo g`kmZ H$mo
AmN>m{XV H$ao 1 Ama XeZmdaUr H$m d^md XadmZ g_mZ h Omo {ZO d$n H$m XeZ Z hmoZo 2
Ama doXZr H$m d^md ehX bnoQ>r fS>J H$s Ymam g_mZ h Omo qH${MV {_Q> bJo naVw Or^ H$mo
H$mQ>o Vgo qH${MV gmVm CnOm` gXm XI hr Xodo h 3 Ama _moh d^md _{Xam g_mZ gmo â_ hr
CnOmdo 4&&96&&
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Ama Am`w H$_ H$m d^md _hmT> {ZJS> H${hò ~oS >r CgHo$ g_mZ h gmo ^d$n ~Xr {dfo amIo
h 5 Ama Zm_ H$_ H$m d^md {MVoam g_mZ Omo J{V Om`m{X AZoH$ {Mm_ H$ao 6 Ama JmoH$_
H$m d^md Hw$hma g_mZ h gmo Ogo Hw$hma N>mQo >o ~S>o ~mgZ ~Zmdo Vgo JmoH$_ D$Mo ZrMo Hw$b
CnOmdo 7 Ama AVam` H$m d^md ^S>mar g_mZ h gmo Am_m Ho$ bm^ _| AVam` H$ao 8 & ò AmR>m|
H$_m] Ho$ d^md H$ho h, gmo `h AmR>m| AnZo-AnZo d^md H$mo Yao ggmar Ord H$mo T> ~mYo h,
AZm{X H$mb go Ordm| Ho$ H$_m] H$m g~Y h gmo H$_ ZmZm H$ma Ho$ \$b Xo h, {VZH$a n{hbo
{_`md JwUWmZ _| ggma {dfo ò Ord ~mYm H$mo nmdo h&&99&& ò MmXh JwUWmZ h {VZ_| W_
JwUWmZ {dfo Vmo Ord ^` Ama A^` ^r h Xmo ôX h Ama D$na bo JwUWmZ XOo go bo MmXh
VH$ gH$b ^` hr h&
^mdmW - ^` {~Zm g`d Z nmdo Ama g`d {~Zm D$na bo JwUWmZ Z MT>&o Bggo
`h {ZM` ^`m A^` H$mo EH$ n{hbm Ama ^` H$mo MmXh&&100&& Oo g`XeZ kmZ Mm[a
H$s ewVmH$a _moj nmZo H$mo g_W h do ^` h Ama _moj go {d_wI A^` h, g`XeZ kmZ
Mm[a H$s {Z_bVm go {ZH$Q> ^` OmZm Om`, aZ` H$s m{ `mo` ^` hr h Ama BZHo$ m
Ê {ZH$Q> ^` H${hò gmo `h ^`Vm Ho$db nX H$m H$maU h Omo bJ Ho$db CnOo Vm bJ Ord
namoj kmZr h Ama `j kmZr ^JdmZ hr h gmo {ZH$Q> ^` Ho$ Vmo namom kmZr hr OmZo Ama
`j kmZr Vmo gdk hr h Vmgmo H$moB {N>nm Zht& gd hr OmZo Ama {ZH$Q> ^` Vmo g~H$a OmZm
Om`&&2&& Ama Ordm| Ho$ A^`Vm VWm Xa^`Vm Ho$dbkmZJ` hr h VmVo Ho$dbr Ho$ dMZ hr
go A^`, Xa^` OmZm nS>o namoj km{Z`m| H$a A^` Ama Xa^` Z OmZm nS>&o &3&&
A^` H$mo Ama Xa^` H$mo Z OmZ gHo$ H$mho go Omo AZV H$mb H$m kmZ Ho$dbr {~Zm Z hmo`&
Ord H$m `h ^`d A^` bjU dV d^md h {H$gr H$m {H$`m A^` Z hmo` Ama ^`
Z hmo`& Ogo EH$ ^mOZ {df| CS>X amYdo H$mo MT>mdo {VZ_o Omo KmoaSy> hmo` gmo AZoH$ `Z H$ao Vmo ^r
Z Jbo Vgo A^` H$Xm{MV ^r Z grPo Ama Xa^` Z grPo H$mb nm` grPoJm Ama {ZH$Q> ^`
erK hr grPo&&4&& ^` Ho$ Vmo ^dgmJa AZm{X emV H${hò Am{X Zmht na AV h ^_o Vmoo
AZm{X Ho$ h, naVw g_` nm` grPoJm Ama AZV ^` Eogo ^r h {OZHo$ ggma H$m AV H$Xo hr
Zmht& Omo g~ hr ^` grP|Jo Vmo ^` am{e H$m A^md hmo Om` gmo AZVo ^` ggma {df| gXm
ah|Jo Ama {VZ_| go gXm grPdmo H$a|J,o gmo ^`mo H$o Vmo ^dgmJa AZm{X emV H${hò Ama AZm{X
AZV ^r H${hò Ama A^`m| Ho$ gdW m H$ma ggma AZm{X AZV hr h& A^` am{e _o gmo H$Xo
^r H$moB ^r Z grPo, gXm ^dgmJa _| H$Q> ^moJVm bdmo hr H$ao&&6&& ggma {dfo Xmo am{e EH$
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^` am{e Xgar A^` am{e gmo A^` AZV Ama {VZgo AZV JwUo {g Ama {gZ go AZV
JwUo ^` gmo ^` A^` {_`md Ho$ `moJ go ggma Ho$ XI ^moJo h& ò gH$b Ord ` H$s `mB
A{dZmer h& Ogo H$mb H$m Zme Zht Eogo gH$b `m{WH Z` H$a {Z` h Ama n`m`m{WH$
Z`H$a A{Z` h Ama AZm{X Ho$ {_`md dV H$fm`m| go _{bZ h&&8&&
ò mUr {ZaVa nmn H$_ H$mo ~mYo h CgH$a MVwJ{ V {df| XIr ^ò ^_o h& H$go h nmnH$_,
XI go Ny>Q>o h ~YZ {OZHo$&&9&& H$B EH$ nmnr Ogo nmnm|H$a ZaH$ Am`w ~mYo h& CZH$m H$WZ
gwZmo, Omo am `mZ H$a XQ> naUm_r Ama^r n[aJh Ho$ Ymar _hm {_`mpQ> AZVmZw~Yr Ho$
YmaH$ {OZH$mo OS> Ama MoVZ H$m {ddoH$ Zhr AQ> _X H$a C_m A{ZQ> H${hE ImoQ>r h pQ>
{OZH$s {OZHo$ {dMma Zht&&10&& naqZXm Ho$ H$aZohmao Ama qZXm Ho$ ldUhmao naXmof H$mo gwZH$a hf
nmd| Ama AnZr egm Ho$ H$aUohmao _hmqZ Omo nam`m YZ CgHo$ bmo^r A{YH$ h ^moJm| H$s VUm
{OZH$s&&11&& _, _mg Ama ehX Ho$ Amhmar XamMmar H$_ ^y{_ Ho$ XQ> _Zw` Ama qgh `mK
_Ja_N>m{X XQ> {V`M ZaH$m`w ~mYo h&&12&& gmo ZaH$ J{V _hm CU Ama _hm erVVm H$a
nr{S>V h eara {OZH$m Eogm ZmaH$s Ord Znwg H$ doXr ZaH$ Ho$ _hm {df_ {dbm`m| {df| CnOo
h&&13&& `hm Eogr H$moB dVw Zht Ama Eogm H$moB jo Zht Ama Eogr H$moB H$mb H$s H$bm Zht Ama
Eogm H$moB d^md Zhr {OgH$a Zma{H$`m| H$mo XI H$m {dlm_ hmo!
^mdmW - g~ gm_Jr gd jo g~ g_` g~ g_` XI_B h, g~ Zma{H$`m| H$mo gXm XI
H$m ^moJZm Ama {~Zm Am`w nyU Ê _aU Zht& gXm _ma Im`m hr H$ao, naVw mU Z {ZH$g|, ~hV
OrdZm g~H$mo ~b^ Ama Zma{H$`m| H$mo ~b^ Zht&&15&&
ZmaH$s _aU Mmh|, n{hbo ZaH$ H$m Zm_ 1 aZ^m 2 eH$am^m 3 ~mbwH$m^m 4 nH$^m 5
Yy_^m 6 V_^m 7 _hmV_^m, gmo gmVm| hr ndr {df| Am`w H$m _mU gwZ, n{hbo ZaH$ _|
CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 1, XOo 3, VrOo 7, MmWo 10, nmMdo 17, N>R>o ~mBg 22 gmVd| VoVrg gmJa
33 `h CH$Q> Am`w pW{V H$hr, Ama n{hbm ZaH$ _| CH$Q> Am`w gmo XOm EH$ g_` A{YH$
OK` Ama Omo CH$Q> gmo VrOm EH$ g_` A{YH$ OK` Bg ^m{V gd OmZmo Ama n[hbo ZaH$
Ho$ nmWS>o _| EH$ g_` A{YH$ Xg hOma df OK` Am`w h {Og g_mZ An Am`w ZaH$ {dfo Ama
Zht& ZaH$ {dfo H$_^{y _ H$m _Zw` Ama {V`M hr Om` Ama ZaH$ go Am`m H$_ ^y{_ H$m _Zw` Ama
{V`M hr nMpo ` hr hmo` Ama `m`mZr H$moY, _mZ, _m`m, bmo^ BZHo$ Omo de h Ama _hm
qMVmdmZ Amm `mZ$n ^dZ {dfo {ZaVa ^_o h _Z {OZH$m&&19&& Eogo {V`J _Zw` Xod ZmaH$s
`h Mmam| hr J{V Ho$ {_`mpQ> _aH$a {V`M J{V nmd|, g Wmda AZoH$ ôX h {Og_|&&20&&
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ndrH$m` 1 AnH$m` 2, VoOH$m` 3, dm`wH$m` 4, dZn{VH$m` 5, BZ {dfo ~ma~ma O_

Yao h Ama XI ^moJo h&&21&& Ama H${_ Am{X doBr 2 Ama Oy Am{X VoBr 3, Ama ^_am{X
MmBr 4, CZ {dfo ^_o h &&22&& Ama nMo r Ho$ AZoH$ ôX njr _N>r _Jm{X AZoH$ H$ma CZ
{dfo ò mUr {MaH$mb {V`M J{V Ho$ XI ^moJo h&&23&& {V`M H$s An Am`w AV_wh V Ama
CH$Q> Am`w ^moJ ^y{_ {dfo VrZ n` 3 Ama H$_ ^y{_ {dfo H$mo{Q> nyd Ama ZaH$ {V`M J{V H$m
d$n H$hm& {V`M Mmam| hr J{V {df| Om` Ama Mmam| hr J{V H$m Am`m {V`M hmo` ò ôX h& Omo
ZaH$ H$m Am`m Za hmo` AWdm nMo r {V`M hr hmo` Ama Wmda {dH$b` Z hmo`& Ama XodJ{V
H$m Am`m _Zw` hmo` AWdm nM| r {V`M hr hmo` AWdm ndrH$m`, ObH$m`, dZn{VH$m` _|
Am` CnOo&&24&& ZaH$ {V`M Xmo` J{V Vmo XI $n hr h Ama Eogo Ord Eogo H$_ H$a Cm_ _Zw`
hm|`& Oo d^md hr H$a {ZH$nQ> hm|` Ama d^md hr go H$mo_b hm| Ama ^ n[aUm_r hmod| Ama
d^md H$a nmnm| go S>ao h Ama ghO hr _ _mg _Yw CX~am{X A`moJ dVw hr Ho$ ghO hr `mJr
hmod,| Eogo o Ord _Zw`m`w ~mY&o Hw$^mdm| H$a Hw$_mZwf hmo`&&26&&
^bo ^mdm| H$a ^bo _Zw` hmod,o amJ go H$òH$ {V`M ^r _Zw` J{V nmd| Ama H$òH$ ZmaH$s
^r ew^ n[aUm_m| go _Zw` J{V nmd| Ama Xod ^r ew^ H$_m] H$a _Zw` J{V nmd| Ama _Zw` ew^
n[aUm_m| H$a _Zw` J{V nmd|&&27&& gmo _Zw` ^d {df| ^r ò mUr BQ> Ho$ Abm^ go Ama A{ZQ>
Ho$ g`moJ go XI hr ^moJo h& Am` boN>IS> Ama ZrM-D$M Hw$b [VZ {df| ò Ord CnOo h Ama
_ao h& ZaH$ {V`M J{V Vmo `j XI $n hr h Ama _Zw` J{V {df| ^r AZoH$ XIm| Ho$ XI
hr h&&28&& Ama {OZH$m A{ZQ> H$m g`moJ Zht Ama BQ> H$m {d`moJ Zht, Eogo ^r _Zw` h {VZm|
Ho$ ^r {df` $nr BYZ H$a d{bV h BN>m $n ApZ {OZH$s, CZHo$ gwI H$hm go hmo`&&29&&
H$moB EH$ _Zw` Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$a ggmar {VZHo$ g`H$ XeZ g`kmZ Mm[a Ho$ godZo go gwI
hmo`, gVmof H$m hr Zm_ gwI h gmo gwI g`pQ>`m| Ho$ hmo`, CZ g`pQ> Ordm| H$m _Zw` ^d
g\$b h& Ama AkmZr Ordm| H$m _Zw` ^d XrK ggma H$m hr H$maU h& H$go h AkmZr, _yT > h {Mm
{OZH$m gmo CZH$mo _Zw` ^d XrK ggma hr H$m H$maU h& A^` Ama Xa^` ò Vmo AkmZr hr h Ama
kmZ^md {ZH$Q >^` hr Ho$ Amdo, {ZH$Q >^`Vm hr {ZdmU H$m H$maU h&&31&&
H$_^{y _ {df| Ama gd hr ^moJ^y{_ {df| {V`M H$s `mB _Zw`m| H$m Am`w OmZmo& H$_^{y _ {df|
CH$Q> H$mo{Q> nyd Ama OK` AVa_whVy Ama ^moJ^y{_ {df| OK` Zht, EH$ g_` A{YH$ H$mo{Q>
nyd âV EoamdV H$s Anojm CH$Q> VrZ n` hr h, Ama _` ^moJ^y{_ {df| n` Xmo` Ama
OK` ^moJ^y{_ {df| EH$ n` h&&33&& na_Vr ~mbVn Ho$ YmaH$ H$m`boe {df| Vna {_`mpQ>
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{VZ_| H$EH$ {Zamhmar, H$EH$ ndZmhmar, H$EH$ H$X_yb ^jr, H$EH$ n \y$b Ho$ Amhmar, emV hmo
JB h ~w{ {OZH$s, Ama OrVr h H$fm` Ama {H$`m h Bp`m| H$m {ZJh {Ohm|Zo Eogo n[admOH$
AH$m_ {ZOamH$a `wV AWdm {V`M dV Zo_ Ho$ YmaH$ {_`mpQ>&&34&& {_`md H$a _{bZ h
{Mm {OZH$m, gmo ^dZdmgr `Va Omo{Vfr BZ Xodm| _| CnO| AWdm An G${ Ho$ YmaH$
dJdmgr ^r hmo` h& H$go h do Xod, H$Xn H${hò H$m_ H$s h VrdVm {OZHo$, Eogo Jd`m ~O`m
ZM`m, A{^`moJ H${hò Xmg H$_ Ho$ H$aUhmao Ama {H$pdfm{X H${hò g~go CVaVo h _hm ZrM
{ZH$Q> Xod hmod&o &36&&
do ~S>o Xodm| H$s G${ H$m Eod` Ama _hm CX` XoIH$a _mZ{gH$ XIH$a nrS>o gXm boe $n
hr ah|, Xod XJ{ V H${hò Xodm| _| ^r ZrM Xem CgHo$ XI H$a gXm nr{S>V h&&37&& g`XeZ Ho$
Abm^ go A^`m| H$s `mB ^` ^r ^dgmJa {df| Sy>~o h gXm XI hr h&&38&& Xodm| _|
^dZdmgr Xod Omo AgwaHw$_ma CZH$m CH$Q> Am`w EH$ gmJa qH${MV A{YH$ Ama `Vam| H$m
CH$Q> EH$ n` Ama OK` Am`w Xe hOma df Ama ^dZdm{g`m| H$m ^r OK` Xe hOma df,
A~ `mo{Vfr Xodm| H$m CH$Q> EH$ n` H$Nw> BH$ A{YH$ Ama OK` Am`w Omo{V{f`m| H$m n`
Ho$ AmR>dm ^mJ& Ama dJdm{g`m| H$m CH$Q> VoVrg gmJa Ama OK` EH$ n` H$Nw> BH$ A{YH$
40 Ama Ordm| H$ bpY nmM j`mone_ 1 {dew{ 2, XoeZm 3, m`mo` 4 Ama H$aU 5 {VZ_| Mma
Vmo ~hV doa ^B Ama nmMdt H$aU bpY {ZH$Q> ^` hr Ho$ hmo`& `h j`mone_m{X gH$b bpY
H$aU H$a g\$b h H$aU bpY Ho$ ôX 3, AYmoH$aU 1, AnydH $aU 2, A{Zd{VH$aU 3&&42&&
O~ Bg H$maU bpY H$a XeZ _moh H$m Cne_ H$a|, V~ Cne_ g`d hmo` {\$a XeZ _moh
H$m j`mone_ H$a| Ama ^mdm| H$s ewVm go XeZ _moh H$m j` hmo`&&43&& g`d Ho$ VrZ ôX
h - W_ Cne_ 1 {\$a j`mone_ 2 Ama jm`H$ 3 ò oYm g`d gmo O~ H$aU bpY H$a
g`d CnOo V~ ^` Ord AmZX ^moJo h&&44&&Ama Mm[a _moh Ho$ j`mone_ H$s bpY go ò
^` Ord Mm[a H$mo nm`H$a H$_m] H$m j` H$ao h, Cg H$a AZV XeZ 1, AZVkmZ 2, AZV gwI
3, AZVdr` H$mo nmdo 4 ggma go {Zd{V ^ò {ZdmU {dfo {VR>o h&&46&& Ama {OZHo$ Mm[a _moh
H$m CX` h& CgH$s A`V ~bVm h CZHo$ g`d hr H$m ~b h& do AdV g`pQ> g`d
H$o ^md go Xodm`w H$m ~Y H$a|&&47&&
Ama Oo AUwdV r nM_ JwUWmZ daVr h do gmY_m{X A`wV dJ n`V gmobh dJm] Ho$ {df|
CH$Q> G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Xod hmod&| &48&& Ama gamJ g`_ Ho$ YmaH$ Oo _m g`_r VWm A_m
g`_r {Znm` _w{ZamO do W_ dJ go bo` gmobh dJ Ama H$nmVrV H${hò Zd Jd ò H$ Ama
Zd AUwma nM nMmoma ò VoBg gmobh dJm] Ho$ D$na Ahq_ bmoH$ h dhm _w{Z Om` dJ {df|
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Vmo Bm{XH$ dJdmgr Xod Ama na Ahq_ gmo ^mdm| H$a {H$`m Omo Vn CgH$m \$b XodJ{V H$m
gwI gmYw gmo _w{Z nmdo h, Ama nanam` _moj Omdo h&&49&&
n{hbm dJ gmY_ 1 Ama XOm BemZ 2 CZ {dfo CH$Q> Am`w Xmo` gmJa qH${MV A{YH$
VrOm gZHw$_ma 3 MmWm _h| 4 CZ {df| CH$Q> Am`w gmJa gmV, Ama nmMdm ~h_ 5, N>R>m
~h_ moma 6 dhm Am`w Xe gmJa h, Ama gmVdm bmVd Ama AmR>dm H$m{nQ> CZ {df| Am`w MmXh
gmJa& Ama ewH$ H${hò Zd_m 9 _hmewH$ H${hò Xe_m 10 CZ {df| Am`w gmobh gmJa, `mah_m
gVma 11 ~ma_m ghma 12 CZ {df| AR>mam gmJa, Ama Voa_m AmZV 13 MmX_m mUV 14 CZ
{df| gmJa ~rg& Ama AmaU n_m 15 gmob_m A`wV dJ 16 CZ {dfo CH$Q> Am`w gmJa ~mBg
22&&55&& Ama ZdJd ò H$m| {dfo EH$ EH$ gmJa ~T>m gmo n{hbo ZdJd ò H$ {dfo VoBg Ama Zd_|
Jd ò H$ {dfo CH$Q> BH$Vrg& Ama AUwma {df| CH$Q> Am`w gmJa ~mrg Ama OK` gmJa
BH$Vrg Ama nM nMmomam| _| gdmW{ g{ _| Vmo gmJa VoVrg, Ama {dO`m{XH$ Mma _o CH$Q>
VoVrg, Ama OK` gmJa ~mrg Ama gd hr Xod bmoH$ _| ZrMbo dJ H$m Am`w CH$Q> gmo D$nabo
H$s OK` EH$ g_` A{YH$ h, `h ar{V gd OmZm|&&58&&
Ama Xo{d`m| H$s CH$Q> Am`w gmY_ dJ {df| n` nmM Ama ~ma_| dJ n`V Xmo` Xmo` n`
~T>Vr Om` V~ ~ma_| dJ n` gmmBg Ama Voa_o dJ MmVrg MmX_| BH$Vmbrg n_| AS>Vmbrg
gmob_| nMnZ `h Xo{d`m| H$s CH$Q> Am`w dJm] _| H$hr&&59&& Ama Ahq_ bmoH$ _| Xodr Zht
Ho$db nwf doX hr h&&60&& Ama H$_m] H$s epV Ho$ `moJ go gH$b H$ndm{gZr Xo{d`m| H$s Cn{m
n{hbo XOo dJ _| hmo` h& D$nabo Xod AnZr {Z`mo{JZr gmY_ BemZ {df| CnOr OmZ bo Om`
h&&61&& Ama `mo{Vfr ^dZdmgr `Va VWm n{hbo XOo dJ Ho$ Omo Xod h CZHo$ _Zw` {V`M
H$s `mB Vrd_moh Ho$ CX` go H$m`m H$a ^moJ h&&62&& Ama VrOo MmWo dJ Xodm| Ho$ _` _moh Ho$
CX` go ne H$m g^moJ h&&63&&
Ama nmMd| N>R>o gmVd| AmR>d| dJdm{g`m| Ho$ $n hr H$m {df` h Ama Zd_| Xe_| `ma_o
~ma_o dJ _| Xodm| Ho$ eX hr H$m g^moJ h Ama Voa_| MmXh_| n_| gmob_| dJ _| _Z hr H$m g^moJ
h&&64&& BZHo$ _moh H$m CX` _X h Ama Ah{_mo Ho$ n{hbr Jd ò H$ go bo` gdmW{ g{ n`V
emV^mdm| H$s YmZVm h, gwI H$a nyU h {OZHo$ _moh H$m CX` JQ> Zht, Bggo g^moJ go a{hV
h Ohm XodmJZm Zht&&65&& n{hbo dJ go bo` gmobh_| dJ n`V BVZr ~mVm| H$a Xod MT>Vo h,
pW{V H${hò Am`w ^md H${hò A{Ve` gwI H${hò {Z{dH$nVm Ama {dew H${hò {Z_bVm
Ama boo `m H${hò ew^bo`m Ama Bp`m| H$m j`mone_ Ama Ad{YkmZ&&67&&
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BVZr ~mVm| H$a D$nabo Xod MT>V-o MT>Vo h, gmobh_| dJ n`V Xodm| Ho$ na jo J_Z h Ama
Ah{_mo Ho$ na jo J_Z Zht, {ZO jo {df| hr {dhma h&&68&& Ama _moj H$m _yb _hm A_mobH$
AX^Vw aZ` $n aZm| H$a CH$Q> Xodm| Ho$ CH$Q> gwI ^moJH$a&&69&& dJ go M` {dXoh jo
VWm âV EoamdV {df| H$_ ^y{_ _| ~S>o _Zw` hm|`& H$ EH$ Vmo MH$d{V hm|`&&70&& {OZHo$ fQ> IS>
ndr H$m am` Zd {Z{Y MmXh aZ h gmo MH$d{V`m| _| H$EH$ Vmo Ma_ earar amO VOH$a {Zdmm
gwI Ho$ gmYZ {df| g_W hm|`&&71&& Ama H$EH$ An ^d bo` {g{ hm|d&o Ama H$EH$ ~S>o nwf
~b^ hm|` do VX^d _wpV Omdo AWdm BZ_| H$moB dJ Om` {\$a An^d _| _w{V nmdo Ama
H$EH$ {ZXmZ Ho$ `moJ go ZmamÙ hmodo &| &72&&
Ama H$EH$ nyd ^d {df| A`mg {H$`m h gmobh H$maU H$m {OgZo gmo VrWH$a hmo`H$a VrZ
bmoH$ Ho$ Jw hmod,| ò gwa Agwa Za g~ hr {VZH$s H$s{V H$ao h, `h emgZ _moQ>m dj h g`d
$n h {Wa h OS> {OgH$s Ama kmZ$n h noS > {OgHo$ Ama Mm[a $n h S>mbr {OgH$s Ama Z`
CnZ` dh hr h emIm Ama CnemIm {OgHo$&&74&& Ama amO{d^y{V gmoB h nwn {OgHo$ Eogo Omo
emgZ $n dj H$mo Omo {ZH$Q> ^` god| gmo {ZdmU \$b nmd|&&75&& {ZdmU \$bH$a CnOm
Omo gma^yV AmZX ag Cgo nmZH$a _hmnwf Mmam| J{V go {ZdV Ê gVo {gbmoH$ {dfo gXm
{VR>o h&&76&&
Bg ^m{V lr d_mZ ^JdmZ Ho$ MaU $n {H$aUm| Ho$ H$me go VrZ ^dZ$n H$_{bZr Y_
ldUH$a A{V {dH$me H$mo m ^B emo^Vr ^B& H$go h {OZgy`, _moj_mJ Ho$ H$meH$ h& W_
hr egm `mo` Omo Y_mZaw mJ CgHo$ âo Omo ^Òrd do Y_ ldU H$aVo Ê, bmo` Ho$ Ord gwa
Agwa Za {V`Mm| H$s g^m Ogm Om{VdV aZ ApZ _| ew ^`m emo^m Ho$ g_yh H$mo nmdo, Vgo
gH$b g^m emo^Vr ^B, {OZamO H$s dmUr Y_m}nXoe $n VrZm| bmoH$m| Ho$ Ordm| H$s g_V ^m{ V
Xa H$aVr ^B, Ogo _oK_mbm g_V aO H$mo X~mdo&&78&&
AWmZVa - ^JdmZ H$s {X`d{Z Ho$ nrN>o Xod XX ^ r ZmX H$aVo ^ò&&79&& Ama Xod h{fV
^ò nwndpQ> H$aVo hE gdk H$s Vw{V H$aVo ^ò, dhm {dnwbmMb Ho$ dZ {df| EH$ _hm_w{Z {X`
d{Z Ama XX^r ZmX gwZ H$a `mZ {df| _Z hmo`, Ho$dbkmZ H$mo m ^`m, CgH$s dmVm gwZH$a
amOm lo{UH$$Zo JmV_ dm_r H$mo Z_H$ma H$a nyN>m - H$go h JmV_ dm_r, gd _w{Z`m| _| loR> h
Ama Bm|H$a ny` h Ama H$gm h amOm, _hm ^pVH$a CnOm h AmM` BgH$mo&&80&&
amOm nyN>o h - ho ^JdZ! Cg _w{Z H$m `m Zm_ h? `h Xodm| Ho$ g_yhH$a ny` h, BgH$m de
H$mZ h Ama VH$mb Eogo AX^Vw A{Ve` H$mo H$go m ^`m h&&82&&
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V~ JmV_ dm_r lwVHo$dbr _hm{ZJd AmJ_ kmZ Ho$ domm amOm Ho$ VmB gH$b dmVm H$hVo
^ò& H$gm h amOm, CnOm h AmM` {OgH$mo&&83&& JUYa H$ho h - ho amOZ! ^br h ~w{ Voar
gmo _ Vao VmB Bg _w{Z H$m Zm_ Ama de _mhm` H$hVm h gmo Vy gwZ& Bg lr _w{Z H$m Zm_
{OVew h& ndr {df| {g _hmamO hAm gmo Voao ldU _| Am`m hr hmodJo m&&85&& h[ade$n
AmH$me {df| ^mZw g_mZ g~ amOmAm| H$s {d^y{V H$mo OrVo Eogr Wr {d^y{V {OgH$s gmo amOb_r
VOH$a lr d_mZ Ho$ {ZH$Q> _w{Z ^`m&&86&& `hm Xa Vn _m{hbo Ama ~m{habo gH$b ~mah
H$ma, Ogo Amam| go Z dZo Vgo VnH$a Ama AmO Km{V`m H$_m] H$m ZmeH$a AX^Vw Ho$dbkmZ H$mo
m ^`m&&87&& Bg H$maU H$a {OZ_mJ H$s ^mdZm Ho$ H$aUodmbo Xodm| Zo Ho$db H$`mUH$ {H$`m
h& ^pV go nyOo g`H$ kmZ H$s m{ Ho$ AW&&88&&
[\$a amOm lo{UH$ CnOm h H$mVhy b {OgH$mo, gmo JmV_ dm_r H$mo Um_ H$a Bg ^m{V nyN>Vm
^`m - ho JUYamYre! `h h[ade Omo AmnZo H$hm h, gmo `h de H$~ dVm Ama {OZ H$a CnOm
gmo do nwf H$mZ Wo&&90&& Ama Bg de {dfo Ho$VoH$ amOm Om Ho$ ajH$ _hm drU Y_ AW H$m_
_moj Ho$ gmYH$ ^ò gmo H$hmo&&91&& Ama {Og âV jo {df| Oo {OZoda, MH$o da, h[a, {Vh[a
hbYa ^ò CZHo$ gH$b M[a Ama gH$b dem| H$s Cn{m hmo` Ama bmoH$mbmoH$ H$m {d^mJ _
gwZm Mmh h, gmo H$hmo& `h gd H$Wm _wPo H$hmo&&93&&
V~ JmV_ dm_r g_dgaU {df| H$hVo ^ò - ho lo{UH$! VyZo Omo Z {H$`m gmo AmJ_ _mU
VwPo H$hVm h, Vy gwZ&&94&& W_ Vmo VwPH$mo bmo` H$m H$WZ H$hVm h& gmo bmo` gwI-XI
H$o ^moJZo H$m WmZH$ h& Ama dmh$n gXm pWa h {OgHo$ gH$b AmH$ma {OgH$m {dVma gwZZo
`mo` h, gmo H$hH$a ZmZm H$ma Ho$ de H$m CnOZm Ama h[ade H$s Cn{m Ama Bg de {df| ~S>o
~S>o Oo amOm ^ò, CZHo$ M[a VwPo H$hJ m& ho lo{UH$! Voar gwZZo H$s BN>m h, gmo Vy gwZ&&95&&
O~VH$ Bg de {dfo {OZ$n a{d Ho$ kmZ$n A{V {dVrU XXr`_mZ {H$aUm| go CmoV Z H$ao
V~bJ hr Bg OJV {df| nXmWm] Ho$ lmZ {df| {ddo{H$`m| Ho$ _moh H$a ^_ hmo` h&
^mdmW - O~ bJ {OZdmUr H$m lmZ Z hmo, V~ bJ {ddo{H$`m| H$m gXho Z Om`, Ogo gy`
Ho$ CX` {~Zm Zo dmbm ^r Z XoI gHo$& ò Ord ^`m| Ho$ `moJ go drVamJ Ho$ CnXoe go ` jo
H$mb ^md H$mo OmZ H$a {d{YnydH $ nXmWm] H$m {ZM` H$ao h& H$go h nXmW A{V gy_ h& Ama
A{V XadVu h MoVZ AMoVZ _y{V gy_ Wyb g~ H$m {ZM` ^`m| H$mo ^JdmZ Ho$ dMZ go hmo`
h& H$gm h ^JdmZ H$m dMZ, {ZM` h gH$b nXmWm] H$m {Og {df|&&96&&
B{V A[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm lo{UH$ZdUZ Zm_ VVr` gJ
g_m&&3&&
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MmWm gJ
AWmZVa - AZV AbmoH$mH$me {dfo bmoH$ H$m dUZ H$ao h& H$gm h AbmoH$mH$me, gd
Amoa AZV h {dVma {OgH$m& A$n AZV h Xoe {OgHo$ Ama AHo$bm h {Og {df| ` Zht
Eogo ey`$n AZV AbmoH$mH$me h&&1&& {Og {df| Ord AOrd Ama nXmW Zht Xo{Iò h Cgo
AbmoH$mH$me H${hò&&2&& {Og {dfo| Ord Ama nwXJ b H$s XmoZm| J{V Ama pW{V Zht AWmV J{V
pW{V Ho$ H$maU Y_mpVH$m` Ama AY_mpVH$m` Ho$ A^md go AbmoH$ {df| Ord nwXJ b H$mo J{V
pW{V Zht&&3&& Ama AbmoH$ Ho$ AZV {d^mJ _` Xoe {df| AZm{X, {ZYZ bmoH$mH$me {VR>m
h gmo Ag`mV Xoe$n h, g~ `m| H$a âm h&&4&& nMmpVH$m` H${hò - Ord 1 nwXJ b
2 Y_ 3 AY_ 4 AmH$me 5 ò nmM ~h Xoer nMmpVH$m` H${hò Ama N>R>m H$mb ` EH$ Xoe
gmo nMmpVH$m` _o Zhr Ohm ò fQ> ` gH$b {dbmo{H$ò, gmo bmoH$mH$me H${hò, gmo bmoH$ nmVmb
{df| Vmo doVHo$ AmgZ g_mZ h Ama _` {df| Pmbar Ho$ AmH$ma h Ama D$d {df| _XJ Ho$ AmH$ma
h& ò VrZ H$ma VrZ bmoH$ Ho$ AmH$ma h&&7&& AmYo T>mb
o na gmam T>mb
o Y[aò, Ogm dh AmH$ma
hmo` dgm bmoH$ H$m AmH$ma h& &8&&
H${Q> na Yao h H$a `wJb {OgZo Ama ngmar h XmoZm| OKm {OgZo Eogm nwf H$m Ogm AmH$ma
hmo` h Vgm AmH$ma bmoH$ H$m h& H$gm bmoH$ h, AMb h pW{V {OgH$s& X{jU Cma Vmo `h
bmoH$ gd gmV amOy h Ama nyd npM_ AYmobmoH$ ^r gmV amOy h&&9&& Ama D$na Xoem| H$s
hm{ZH$a _` bmoH$ _o nM_ N>R>m dJ Omo ~h_ moma CgHo$ {ZH$Q> {dfo nmM amOy h Ama Xoemo H$s
hm{ZH$a bmoH$ Ho$ AV {dfo EH$ amOy CgH$m {dVma h&&10&& Ama VrZ bmoH$ H$s D$MmB Omo MmXh
amOy h& gmo gw_o go gmV amOy ZrMo Ama gmV hr D$na, Bg H$ma MmXh amOy h&&11&&
{Mm ndr Ho$ AYmo^mJ go XOo ZaH$ Ho$ AV VH$ EH$ amOy h, Ama Vrgao VH$ Xmo amOy h& Ama
MmWo VH$ VrZ amOy h nmMd| VH$ Mma amOy h Ama N>R>o Ho$ AV VH$ nmM amOy h Ama gmVd| Ho$ AV
VH$ N> amOy h Ama nmVmb bmoH$ Ho$ AV VH$ gmV amOy h, `h Vmo {Mm ndr go AYmo^mJ {dfo
nmVmb bmoH$ H$s $nUm H$ar h& Ama {Mm ndr go D$na XO| BemZ dJ Ho$ AV VH$ S>To > amOy&
Ama MmWm _ho dJ CgHo$ AV VH$ S>To > amOy Ama h H$m{nQ> H${hò AmR>dm dJ dhm bJ EH$
amOy Ama ghma H${hò ~mahdm dJ CgH$o AV VH$ EH$ amOy Ama AmaU 15 A`wV 16
gmobhdm CgHo$ AV VH$ EH$ amOy Ama bmoH$ Ho$ AV VH$ 1 amOy& Bg ^m{V MmXh amOy C h Ama
X{jU Cma gd gmV amOy H$o {dVma h Ama nyd npM_ H$s {dVrUVm Bg ^m{V h gmo
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AYmobmoH$ H$mo {dVma bmoH$ H$o kmVm ^JdmZ Zo Bg ^m{V H$hm&&16&&

XOo ZaH$ H$m AV {Mm ndr go EH$ amOy ZrMm h dhm bmoH$ H$m nyd npM_ {dVma amOy EH$
Ama EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJ H${aò {VZ_| ^mJ N> h& Ama VrOo ZaH$ H$m AV {Mm ndr Ho$
AYmo^mJ go Xmo amOy ZrMm h& dhm bmoH$ H$m [dVma amOy Xmo h Ama EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJm| Ho$ ^mJ
nmM Ama MmWo ZaH$ H$m AV {Mm ndr go VrZ amOy h, dh bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy VrZ h Ama
EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJ _| ^mJ Mma Ama nM_ ZaH$ H$m AV {Mm go Mma amOy ZrMm h& dhm bmoH$
H$m {dVma amOy Mma Ama amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ VrZ h Ama N>R>o ZaH$ H$m AV {Mm go amOy
nmM ZrMm h, dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy nmM EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo h&&18&&
Ama gmVd| ZaH$ H$m AV {Mm go N> amOy ZrMm h, dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy N> Ama EH$
amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJ H$[aò CZ_o ^mJ EH$ Ama nmVmb bmoH$ H$m AV {Mm ndr go gmV amOy ZrMm
h, dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy gmV Ama D$d bmoH$ {df| {Mm Ho$ AYmo ^mJ go XOm BemZ dJ
CgH$m {eIa S>To > amOy h, dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy Xmo h Ama EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJ _o ^mJ nmM
h&&20&& Ama BemZ dJ Ho$ {eIa go S>To > amOy D$Mm MmWm _mh| dJ H$m Omo {eIa h dhm bmoH$
H$m {dVma Mma Ama EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| VrZ ^mJ&&21&& Ama MmWo dJ Ho$ {eIa go
~h_ moma N>R>m dJ CgH$m {eIa amOy AmY D$Mm h dhm {dVma bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy
nmM&&22&&
Ama N>R>o {eIa go AmR>d| H$m{nR> dJ H$m {eIa amOy AmY D$Mm h, dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma
amOy Mma Ama EH$ Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ VrZ h&&23&& Ama AmR>d| Ho$ {e{Ia go Xe_m dJ
_hmewH$ CgH$m {eIa amOy AmY D$Mm h dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy VrZ h Ama EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV
^mJm| _| ^mJ N> h&&24&& Ama Xed| Ho$ {eIa go ~mahd| ghma H$m {eIa AmY amOy D$Mm h dhm
bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy VrZ h Ama EH$ amOy Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _o ^mJ Xmo` h&&25&& Ama ghma Ho$
{eIa go MmXhd| mUV H$m {eIa AmY amOy D$Mm h, dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy Xmo` Ama amOy
Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| nmM ^mJ& Eogm H$WZ lr drVamJ Xod Zo H$m`m&&26&& Ama MmXh_| {eIa go
gmob_| A`wV dJ H$m {eIa AmY amOy D$Mm h dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy Xmo` Ama EH$ amOy
Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ EH$ Ama A`wV dJ Ho$ bmoH$ H$m {eIa {gjo gmo EH$ amOy D$Mm h,
dhm bmoH$ H$m {dVma amOy EH$& Bg ^m{V gH$b bmoH$ H$m nyd npM_ {dVma H$hm h Ama X{jU
Cma Vmo gd gmV amOy h&&27&&
`h bmoH$ nww fmH$ma h, CgH$m d$n gwZmo& AYmobmoH$ Vmo Bg bmoH$ nwf Ho$ {ZV~ Ama OKm
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MaU BZ g_mZ h Ama _` bmoH$ H${Q> g_mZ h& Ama MmWo dJ Ho$ AV Zm[^ g_mZ h& Ama
nmMdo N>R>o XodbmoH$ X` g_mZ h Ama Voahdm MmXhdm dJ ^wOm g_mZ h Ama ndm gmobdm
dJ XmoD$ H$mYo g_mZ h& ZdJd ò H$ Jrdm g_mZ h Ama Zd AUwma R>mSo >r g_mZ h&
Ama {gjo H${hò {g{ebm gmo bbmQ> g_mZ h& Ama Ohm {g {damOo, gmo do AmH$me
Ho$ Xoe bmoH$ H$m {eIa H${hò _VH$ h&&30&& H$gm h nabmoH$, AnZo CXa {dfo Yao h g_V
Ordm{X nXmW {OgZo Ama `h bmoH$ nwfmH$ma h naVw AH${_ h, {H$gr nwf H$a {H$`m Zht& gmo
`h bmoH$ VrZ ~mV H$a doT> `m h n{hbo dmVdbo H$m Zm_ KZmoX{Y gmo Bg bmoH$ H$mo ~oT >o h Ama
KZmoX{Y H$mo g~ Amoa KZ dmVdbo doT >o h Ama KZdmV H$mo VZdmV ~oT >o h, Bg ^m{V doT > H$a VrZm|
dmVdbo {VR>o h&&32&& {VZ_| n{hbm KZmoX{Y gmo Vmo Jmo_y gm[aIm nrV dU h& Ama XOm KZdmV
_yJ Ho$ dU h Ama VrOm VZdmV dbo H$m nM dU H$hm h&&33&&
ò ~mVdbo XS>mH$ma h Ama KZr^yV H${hò nwQ> h Ama XS>mH$ma H${hò b~mB $n h Ama
D$ ^mJ AYmo^mJ {dfo gd bmoH$ H$mo doT>o h nmVmb {dfo Vmo A{V OS>o h Ama C {dfo bmoH$
n`V ndZ _S>b MT> aho h Ama MMb h bmoH$ Ho$ AVbJ h& AYmobmoH$ Ho$ AV {df| Vmo BZ VrZm|
~mVdbmdm| H$m {dVma òH$ òH$ ~rg hOma `moOZ h Ama bmoH$ Ho$ {eIa VrZmo ~mVdbmdm|
H$m {dVma qH${MV D$Z EH$ `moOZ H$m h&&35&& Ama XS>mH$ma Ho$ n[a`mJ {dfo AZwH$ _ go ò
VrZm| Bg ^m{V h KZmoX{Y `moOZ gmV 7 KZdmV `moOZ nmM 5 Ama VZdmV `moOZ Mma 4 - Bg
^m{V AYmobmoH$ H$m {dVma h& Ama Xoem| H$s hm{Z go _` bmoH$ H$s ~mh`Vm `moOZ nmM
KZdmV H$s `moOZ Mma VZdmV H$s `moOZ VrZ&&37&& Ama Xoem| H$s d{ go ~h_ go ~h_ moma Ho$
AV KZmoX{Y H$m {dVma `moOZ gmV h Ama KZdmV H$m nmM, VZdmV H$m Mma&&&38&& {\$a
~h_ moma Ho$ D$na Xoem| H$s hm{Z H$a KZmoX{Y H$m {dVma `moOZ nmM KZdmV H$m `moOZ Mma
VZdmV H$m `moOZ VrZ h& Bg ^m{V dmVdbmdm| H$m {dVma h&&39&& `h bmoH$ Ho$ {eIa {dfo
KZmoX{Y H$s ~mh`Vm H${hò _wQ>mB `moOZ AmY KZdmV H$s _wQ>mB `moOZ nmM Ama VZdmV H$s
_wQ>mB KZdmV go H$Nw> D$Z h&&9&&
`h bmoH$ g~ Amoa VrZ dmVdbmdm| H$a doT> `m Eogm gmoho h Ogm dVam| H$a gm_V gmoho h
_mZmo `h bmoH$ $n `moYm VrZ dmVdb` $n dVam| H$a doTm>& AbmoH$ H$mo OrVm Mmho h&&40&&
Ama ZaH$m| {dfo n{hbr ndr aZ^m 1 XOr eH$am ^m 2 VrOr ~mbwH$m ^m 3 MmWr nH$^m
4 nmMdr Yy_^m 5 N>R>r V_^m 6, gmV_r _hmV_^m 7 ò gmVm| ndr KZmoX{Y dmVdbo Ho$
_` {VR>o h& Ama n{hbr ndr go boH$a gmVdt VH$ ZrMo-ZrMo {VR>o h& do n{hbr Vmo ZaH$m| H$r
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ndr H$s ^m Ho$ Zm_ H$ho h, {\$a ZaH$mo Ho$ Zm_ H$ho h - n{hbm Y_m 1 XOm dem 2 VrOm _oKm
3 MmWm AOZm 4 nmM_m A[aQ> 5 N>Q>m _Kdr 6 gmVdm _mKdr 7 &&44&&
n{hbr aZ^m ndr CgHo$ VrZ ^mJm| Ho$ Zm_ Ia^mJ 1 nH$^mJ 2 ~hb^mJ 3 ò VrZm| ^mJ
EH$ bmI Agr hOma `moOZ _mU h& {VZ_o n{hbm Ia ^mJ gmobh hOma `moOZ h Ama XOm
nH$^mJ Mmamgr hOma `moOZ h Ama VrOm ~hb ^mJ Agr hOma `moOZ h, Bg ^m{V VrZm| H$s
_wQ>mB H$hr h& CZ_| n{hbm Ia ^mJ gmobh hOma `moOZ h Cg_| Zd H$ma ^dZdmgr h EH$
AgwaHw$_ma ^dZdmgr Zht& ZrMbo gmVd| ^mJ _o gmV Om{V Ho$ `Vam| Ho$ {Zdmg Ama AmR> Om{V
_| EH$ amjg Om[V BZ_| Zht Ama g~ h Ama XOm nH$ ^mJ Cg_| Xmo ^mJ h - EH$ ^mJ _| amjg
Om{V EH$ _| Agwa& BZ_| {Zdmgr aZm| H$a XoXr`_mZ h&&48&&
Ia^mJ {dfo gmobh ^mJ H${hò {VZHo$ Zm_ - n{hbm {MmZm_ nQ>b 1 XOm dOm 2 VrOm
dS>y ` 3 MmWm bmo{hVmH$ 4 nmMdm _UmaJd 5 N>Q>m Jmo_Ko 6 gmVdm dmbnQ>b 7 AmR>dm `mo{V
8 Zd_m agnQ>b 9 Xg_m AOZ 10 `mahdm AOZ _yb 11 ~mahdm AJ 12 Voahdm \${Q>H$ 13
MmXhdm M^m` 14 ndm dMH$ 15 gmobdm ~h{ebm_` 16 - `h g~ hr nQ>b Zd H$ma
^dZdm{g`m| Ho$ Ama g H$ma Ho$ `Vam| Ho$ {Zdmg aZ_B _hm ^m$n H$mo Yao h& EH$ nQ>b H$s
_wQ>mB hOma-hOma `moOZ h& aZ^m {dfo n{hbm Ia ^mJ Ama XOm nH$ ^mJ ò Vmo H$ho h Ama
~hb ^mJ {dfo n{hbm ZaH$ Ama ZrMo N> ZaH$ Ama gmobh ZaH$m| H$s ^y{_ H$s AnZr-AnZr
{OVZr-{OVZr _wQ>mB h gmo Vmo _wQ>mB H$mo Q>maH$a EH$-EH$ amOy H$m b~m ZaH$m| _| AVa h&
^mdmW - {Mm ndr Ho$ AYmo^mJ _| EH$ amOy Vmo XOm ZaH$ h Ama XOo Ho$ EH$ amOy Ho$ nao
VrOm h 3 Ama VrOo go EH$ amOy MmWm h 4 MmWm go EH$ amOy nmMdm 5 VmVo EH$ amOy N>R>m 6 Ama
N>R>o go EH$ amOy gmVdm 7 Bg ^m{V N> amOy _o gmV ZaH$ h Ama gmVd| go ZrMo EH$ amOy ZrMm
nmVmb H$m AV Ama N> ^y{_`m| H$s _wQ>mB Q>ma gmo _wQ>mB Ho$ VrOo XOo ZaH$ H$s _wQ>mB ~mrg hOma
`moOZ h Ama VrOr ndr H$s _wQ>mB AQ>R>mBg hOma `moOZ h, Ama MmWr H$s Mm~rg hOma `moOZ
Ama nmMdo H$s _wQ>mB ~rg hOma `moOZ Ama N>R>o H$s _wQ>mB gmobh hOma `moOZ Ama gmVd| H$s
_wQ>mB AmR> hOma `moOZ gmo OoVr OoVr _wQ>mB H$hr VoVr KmQ> ZaH$m| {dfo EH$-EH$ amOy H$m AVa
OmZmo&&57&&
Xg H$ma Ho$ ^dZdmgr Oo Agwa Hw$_mam{XH$ CZH$o {d_mZm| H$s g`m H$hr Ama Agwa Hw$_mam|
Ho$ MmgR> bmI {d_mZ 1 Ama ZmJHw$_mam| Ho$ Mmamgr bmI {d_mZ 1 Ama JS> Hw$_mam| Ho$ ~hma
bmI& Ama rn Hw$_mam| Ho$ 7600000 CX{Y Hw$_mam| Ho$ 7600000 _oKHw$_mam| Ho$ 7600000
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{XHw$_mamo Ho$ 7600000 ApZHw$_mam| Ho$ 7600000 {dwVHw$_mam| Ho$ 7600000& BZHo$ {d_mZ
òH$ 7600000 N>hma bmI h&&58&& Ama dm`wH$w _mamo Ho$ {d_mZ N>`mZd| bmI h& ò ^dZdm{g`m|
Ho$ {d_mZ gmV H$mo{Q> ~hma bmI h EH$-EH$ _o M`mb`&&59&&
Ama AYmobmoH$ {dfo ^yVm| Ho$ {d_mZ MmXh hOma Ama amjgm| Ho$ gmobh hOma& ò nmVmb bmoH$
g~Yr H$ho h& nmVmb bmoH$ {dfo ^dZdmgr VWm `Va Xmo` hr Om{V h& Ama AgwaHw$_mam| H$s
CH$Q> Am`w EH$ gmJa H$Nw>`H$ A{YH$ Ama ZmJHw$_mam| H$s Am`w VrZ n`& Ama JwS> Hw$_mam|
H$s AT>mB n`& Ama rnHw$_mam| H$s Xmo` n`, X{Y Ama CX{YHw$_ma, _oKHw$_ma, {dwHw$_ma,
ApZHw$_ma, {XHw$_ma, dm`wH$w _ma, BZ g~H$m CH$Q> Am`w S>To > n`& Ama OK` Am`w df Xg
hOma n{hbo H$hm hr Wm Ama _` Ho$ ôX OK` go boH$a CH$Q> n`V ZmZm H$ma Ho$ h&&65&&
Ama Agwam| H$m eara D$Mm nrg YZwf h Ama Zd Om{V ^dZdmgr Ama AmR> Om{V `Vam|
H$m eara Xe YZwf D$Mm 1 Ama `mo{Vfr Xodm| H$m gmV YZwf, `h eara H$s D$MmB H$hr& Ama
n{hbo XOo XodbmoH$ H$m eara gmV hmW D$Mm Ama VrOo MmWo dJ _| N> hmW 6 Ama nmMd| N>R>o
gmVdo AmR>d| _| hmW nmM 5 Ama Zd_| go ~mahdo VH$ hmW Mma 4 Ama Voa_| MmX_| hmW gmT>o
VrZ&&3&& Aa n_| gmobh_| hmW VrZ 3 Ama Zd Jd ò H$ _| n{hbr {H$ _| hmW AT>mB&&2&& XOr
{H$ _| hmW Xmo` 2 VrOr {H$ _| hmW S>To > &&1&& Ama Zd AUwma {df| hmW gdm 1 & Ama nM
AUwma {df| hmW EH$&&67&&
AWmZVa - ho lo{UH$! gmV hr ZaH$m| _| AZwH$ _ H$a gjno go {dbm H$h hy, gmo Vy gwZ&
n{hbo ZaH$ {dfo {dbm Vrg bmI 30, XOo _| nrg bmI 25, VrOo _| nm bmI 15, MmWo _o
Xg bmI 10, nmMd| _| VrZ bmI 3, N>R>o _| nmM KmQ> EH$ bmI 99995, gmVd| ZaH$ _| nmM
5 - ò g~ Omo{S >ò V~ g~ Mmamgr bmI hmo`&&68&&
Ama gmVm| ZaH$m| Ho$ nmWS>o H$ho h, CZ_o n{hbo Voah 13 XOo `mam 11 VrOo Zd 9 MmWo gmV
nmMd| nmM 5, N>R>o VrZ 3 gmVd| EH$ 1 n{hbo ZaH$ Ho$ Voah nmWS>o {VZHo$ Zm_ - n{hbm gr_VH$
1 ZmaH$ 2 amad 3 ^m{ V 4 CX^m { V 5 g^m { V 6 Ag^m { V 7 {d^m{ V 8 g 9 {gVm 10 dH$V
11 AdH$mV 12 {dH$mV 13 & ò n{hbo ZaH$ Y_m {dfo Voam h& XOo ZaH$ {dfo VH$ 1 VZH$ 2
_ZH$ 3 dZH$ 4 KmQ> 5 gKmQ> 6 {OhdH$ 7 {OhdmH$ 8 bmob 9 bmobnw 10 Ama VZ bmobnw 11
ò `mah XOo ZaH$ dem {dfo h, Ama V 1 Vm{nV 2 AZVnZ 3 VmnZ 4 {ZXmK 5 d{bV 6
Cd{bV 7 gd{bV 8 gd{bV 9 ò Zd nmWS>o VrOm _oKm ZaH$ Vm {df h &&79&& Ama 1
Vma 2 M_ma 3 dMH$ 4 V_H$ 5 IS> 6 IS> IS> 7 ò gmV nmWS>o MmWo AOZm ZaH$ Ho$ h&&81&&
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Ama {h_ 1 _XXb

2 bbH$ 3 ò VrZ nmWS>o N>R>o _mYdr ZaH$ Ho$ h Ama A{VQ>ZmV
_mamH$ nmWS>m gmV_o _hmV_ H$m h&&83&& ò g~ JwUdmg nmWS>o gmV ZaH${Z Ho$ H$ho, gmV_| Vo
n{hbo VH$ Xmo` Xmo` nmWS>o ~Y&o n{hbo Vo EH$ h {VZ_| n[hbm gr_VH$ nmWS>m Vm {df| EH$ EH$
{Xg _ loUr ~ {dbo JwUMmg ~S>m h AVa {OZ {df|&&85&& Ama `m[a {d{Xgm {V{Z _|
AS>Vmbrg AS>Vmbrg {dbo gmo `m[a {d{Xgm Ho$ EH$ gm ~mZdo Ama {Xem Ho$ EH$ gm {N>Zdo {Xem
{d{Xgm Ho$ g~ {_{b VrZ gm AR>`mgr loUr ~ {dbm ^ò&&88&& Ama XOm nmWS>m ZmaH$ Vm_|
Mmam| {XemZ Ho$ EH$ gm dmUdo Ama `m[a {d{Xem Ho$ EH$ gm AR>mgr {Xgm {d{Xgm Ho$ g~ {_{b
loUr ~ VrZ g Agr ^ò& Ama VrOm nmWS>m amaH$Vm {df {XemZ Ho$ EH$ gm AR>`mgr Ama
{d{Xgm{Z H$o EH$ gm Mmamgr g~ {_{b VrZ g ~{hm[a&&90&&
Ama MmWm nmWS>m ^mV Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm Mmamgr Ama {d{Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm Agr
g~ {_{b {VZ gm Mmg{R>& Ama nmMdm CX^m V Vm {df {Xgm{Z Ho$ EH$ gm Agr {d{XgmZ Ho$ EH$
gm {N>h m[a g~ {_{b VrZ g N>nZ&&92&& Ama N>R>m g^m V Vm {df {Xgm{Z Ho$ EH$ gm {N>hm[a
Ama {d{Xgm{Z Ho$ EH$ gm ~hm[a g~ {_{b VrZ g AS>Vmbrg Ama gmVdm Ag^m V Vm {df
{Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm ~hm[a Aa {d{Xgm{Z Ho$ EH$ gm AS>gR> g~ {_{b 340 &&94&& Ama AmR>dm
{d^mV Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm AS>g{R> Ama {d{Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm Mmg{R> g~ {_{b VrZ g
~mrg&&95&&
~h[a Zd_m g Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm Mmg{R> Ama {d{Xgm{Z Ho$ EH$ gm AmR> g~ {_{b
324 &&96&& Ama Xg_m q{gV Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm AmR> {d{XemZ Ho$ 156 g~ {_{b 316
&&97&& Ama `mahdm dH$mV Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ 156 {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 152 g~ {_b 308 &&98&&
Ama ~ma_m AdH$mV Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ 152 Ama {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 148 g~ {_{b 300 &&99&& Ama
Voadm {dH$mV Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ 148 Ama {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 144 g~ {_b Xmo` go dmUdo& E g~ Voam
nmWS>{o Z _ BH$ {dbm Voam EH$ EH$ nmWS>o n EH$ EH$ BH$ Ama loUr d Mdmbrg g ~rg
gmo BH$ Ama J_{V Mdmbrg g VoVrg ^ò&&2&& BH$ {dbm Vm nmWS>m{Z Ho$ _` h Ama loUr
~ {Xem{Z _| VWm {d{Xem{Z _| nH${V $n h Ama H$sUH$ {dIadm gd h& Vo gH$b JwZmrg
bmI {n`mUdo hOma nmM g gS>g{R> g~ {_{b nhbo ZH$ Voam nmWS>m{Z {df Vrg bmI {dbo
h&&3&&
AWmZVa - XOo ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>o `mam {VZHo$ {dbm H$ho h& XOo H$m n{hbm nmWS>m VH$ Vm
{df| {Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm Mdmbrg Ama {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 140 g~ {_b 284 Aa XOm VZH$ Vm {df|
{Xem{Z Ho$ 140 Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 132 g~ {_{b 272 &&5&& Aa VrOm _ZH$ Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$
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EH$ gm N>mrg Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 132 g~ {_b 268 &&6&& Aa MmWm dZH$ Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$
132 Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 128 g~ {_b 260 &&7&& Aa nmMdm KmQ> Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ EH$ gm
AR>mBg Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 124 g~ {_b 252 &&8&& Aa N>R>m gKmQ> Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ 124 Aa
{d{XemZ Ho$ 120 g~ {_b 244 &&9&&
gmVdm {OhdmVm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 120 Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 116 g~ {_b 236 &&10&& Aa
AmR>dm {O{hdH$ Vm {df {XemZ Ho$ 116 Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 112 g~ {_b 228 &&12&& Aa Xe_m
bmobn Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 108 {d{XemZ Ho$ 104 & g~ {_b 212 &&13&& Aa `madm VZbmobn
Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 104 {d{XemZ Ho$ 100 g~ {_b 204 &&14&& XO ZaH$ Ho$ `mah nmWS>o {VZ
g{hV loUr ~ 2693 &&15&& Aa H$sUH$ Mmdrg bmI {g`mUdo hOma VrZ gm nmM g~ {_b
1 bmI nMrg &&16&& Aa VrOo ZaH$ Ho$ Zd nmWS>o {VZ_| nhbm V Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ gm
{d{Xem{Z Ho$ {N>`mZdoo g~ {_b 196 && 17&& Aa XOm V{nV Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ {N>`mZdo Aa
{d{Xem{Z Ho$ 92 g~ {_b 188 &&18&&
Aa VrOm VnZ Vm {df {Xem{Z Ho$ dmUdo Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 88 g~ {_b 180 &&19&& Aa
MmWm VmnZ Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 88 {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 84 g~ {_b 172 &&20&& Aa nmMdm {ZXmK Vm
{df| {XemZ Ho$ 84 {d{XemZ Ho$ 80 g~ {_b 164 &&21&& Aa N>R>m d{bV Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$
Agr {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 72 g~ {_b 152 &&22&& Aa gmVdm Cd{bV Vm {dfo {Xem{Z Ho$ {N>hm[a
{d{Xem{Z Ho$ ~hm[a g~ {_b 148 &&23&& Aa AmR>dm gd{bV Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 72 {d{XemZ
Ho$ 68 g~ {_b 140 &&24&& Aa Zd_m gd{bV Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ 68 Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 64
g~ {_b 132 &&25&& `m ^m{V VrOo ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>o Zd {V{Z _o Zd BH$ {dbm{Z g{hV loUr
d 1485 Aa H$sUH$ 1498516 &&27&&
MmWo ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>o gmV {V{Z _| nhbm Aa Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ 64 {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 60 g~
{_b 124 &&28&& XOm Vma Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ gmR> Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 56 g~ {_b 116 &&29&&
Aa VrOm _ma Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ 56 {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 52 g~ {_b 108 &&30&& MmWm MMH$ Vm {df|
{XemZ Ho$ 52 {d{XemZ Ho$ 48 g~ {_b 100 &&31&& Aa nmMdm V_H$ Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 48
{d{XemZ Ho$ 44 g~ {_b 92 &&32&& Aa N>R>m IS> Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 44 Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 40
g~ [_b 84 &&33&& gmVdm IS> IS> Vm {df| {Xem{Z Ho$ 40 Aa {d{Xem{Z Ho$ 36 Hw$b
76&&34&& `m ^m{V MmWo ZaH$ Ho$ gmV nmWS>o {VZ_| gmV BH$ {dbo {VZ g{hV loUr ~ gmV
g gmV Aa H$sUH$ Zd bmI 99293 g~ {_b Xe bmI&
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Aa nmMd| ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>o nmM {VZ_| n{hbm Z_ Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 36 Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 32
g~ {_b 68 Aa XOm ^y_ {Vg {df| {XemZ Ho$ 32 Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 28 g~ {_b 60&&38&& VrOm
[aI Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 28 {d{XemZ Ho$ 24 g~ {_b 52&&39&& Aa MmWm AY Vm {df| {XemZ
Ho$ 24 {d{XemZ Ho$ 20 g~ {_b 44&&40&& Aa nmMdm {_l Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 20 {dXem{Z Ho$
16 g~ {_b N>mrg&&41&& `m ^m{V nmMd| ZH$ Ho$ nmM nmWS>{Z _| BH${dbm nmM {VZ g{hV
loUr ~ Xmo` go ng{R>&&42&& Aa H$sUH$ 299735 g~ {_b VrZ bmI&&43&&
Aa N>R>o ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>o VrZ {VZ_| n{hbm {h_ Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ 12 Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ 8 g~
{_b 20&&45&& Aa VrOm bbH$ Vm {df| {XemZ Ho$ AmR> Aa {d{XemZ Ho$ Mma g~ {_b
~mah&&46&& `m ^m{V VrZ nmWS>m{Z _| 3 BH$ {dbm {VZ g{hV loUr ~ 63 Aa H$sUH$
99932 g~ {_b 5 KmQ> 1 bmI&&47&&
Aa gmVd| ZaH$ {df| nmWS>m EH$ OmH$m Zm_ A{VR>mZ& Vm {df| {dbm nmM {VZ_| BH$
EH$ Aa Mmam| {Xem{Z _| Mma loUr ~ Aa {d{Xem{Z {df| Zmht&&49&& Aa nhbo ZaH$ H$m nhbm
nmWS>m gr_VH$ Vm {df BH$ h H$m Zm_ gr_VH$ VmH$m| `m[a {Xem{Z Ho$ Oo loUr ~ {VZHo$ Zm_
nyad {Xem H$s Ca H$mg npN>_ H$s Ca _hmH$me X{jU H$s Ca {nnmg Cma H$s Ama A{V{nnmg
E Mma W_ ZaH$ Ho$ W_ nmWS>o Ho$ g_rndmr {XemZ Ho$ loUr ~ H$ho& ò ZH$Z Ho$ {dbo _hm
Hw$$n ZmaH$s{Z H$[a âo h Aa {g h&&50&& Aa XOo ZaH H$m n{hbm nmWS>m ZH$ VmH$o BH$
h H$m Zm_ ZH$ Vm{H$ g_rndVu {Xem{Z {df| `m[a loUr ~{Z Ho$ Zm_ nya~ {Xem H$m A{Z
npM_ H$m _hm A{Z X{jU H$m {d` Cma H$m _hm{d`&&52&& Aa VrOo ZaH$ H$m nhbm BH$
V VmHo$ Mm[a loUr ~ Ho$ Zm_ nya~ {Xem H$m XI npM_ H$m _hmXI X{jU H$m doXZm Cma
H$m _hm doXZm&&53&&
Aa MmWo ZaH$ H$m nhbm nmWS>m Ama VmHo$ BH$ H$m ^r Zm_ nmWS>m Ama VmHo$ loUr~Z
`m[a nya~ {Xem H$m {ZQ> npM_ H$m A{V {Z{lQ> X{jZ H$m {ZamoY Cma H$m _hm {ZamoY&&54&&
Aa nmMdo ZaH$ H$m n{hbm nmWS>m V_ VmHo$ BH$ H$m ^r Zm_ V_ VmHo$ g_rndVu `m[a loUr
~ {VZ_ nya~ {Xem H$m {Z npM_ H$m {V{Z X{jU H$m {d_XZ Cma H$m _hm {d_XZ
Ama N>R>o ZaH$ H$m nhbm nmWS>m {h_ VmHo$ BH$ H$m ^r Zm_ {h_ VmH$o loUr~ Mm[a nya~ {Xem
H$m H$mb npM_ H$m _hmH$mb X{jm H$m amj Cma H$m _hmamj&&57&& g~ Mmamgr bmI {dbo
{VZ_| {Vamgr bmI Z~o hOma VrZ g VoVmbrg H$sUH$ Ama JwUMmg BH$ {VZ g{hV {N>Zd
go VaonZ loUr~ E g~ {_{b Mmamgr bmI h&
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{VZ_ nhbo ZaH$ {df {dbo Vrg bmI {VZ_| 6 bmI Vm g`mV `moOZ H$m {dVma Ama
Mm~rg bmI Ag`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a& Ama XOo ZaH$ nmM bmI g`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a
Ama ~rg bmI Ag`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a Ama XOo ZaH$ nmM bmI g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVm[a
Ama ~rg bmI Ag`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVm[a VrOo ZaH$ VrZ bmI g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVm[a
Ama ~mam bmI Ag`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a&& Ama MmWo ZH$ Xmo` bmI g`mV `moOZ {dVm[a
Ama AmR> Ag`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a&&63&& Ama nmMd| ZH$ gm{R> hOma g`mV `moOZ Ho$
{dVm[a Ama Xmo` bmI Mmbrg hOma Ag`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVm[a Ama N>R>o ZH$ CJUrg hOma
Zm g {Z`mUd g`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a&&65&& Ama Jw`mgr hOma Zm g {N>`mZd Ag`mV
`moOZ H$ {dVma&&66&& Ama gmV_| ZaH$ EH$ g`mV `moOZ H$ {dVm[a& Ama Mm[a Ag`mV
`moOZ H$ {dVma&&67&& {dbm{Z Ho$ VrZ ôX BH$ loUr~&2& H$sUH$&3& Ama VrZ _ JwUMmg
BH$ g`mV `moOZ H$ {dVma Ama loUr~ gH$b Ag`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma Ama H$sUH${Z
_| Ho$db g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma Ama H$`H$ Ag`mV `moOZ H$ {dVma E Xmo` $n&&69&&
AWmZVa JwUdmg BH$ {VZH$m {dVma H$ho h nhbm gr_VH$ VmH$m {dVma nVmbrg bmI `moOZ 1 Ama XOm ZaH$ VmH$m {dVma
Mdmbrg bmI AmR> hOma VrZ g VoVrg `moOZ Ama EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ H$[aE ~mH$m EH$
^mJ Ama VrOm amad VmH$m {dVma {N>`mbrg bmI gmobh hOma N> gm {N>`mg{R> `moOZ& Ama
EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ H$[aò Vm_ Xmo` ^mJ&&72&& Ama MmWm ^mV VmH$m {dVma d`mbrg bmI
nMrg hOma `moOZ&&73&& Ama nmMdm CX^m V VmH$m {dVma BH$Vmbrg bmI VoVrg hOma VrZ
g VoVrg `moOZ, EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ{Z _o| Xmo` ^mJ&&75&& Aa gmVdm Ag^m V VmH$m {dVma
JwUVmbrg bmI nMmg hOma `moOZ&&76&& Ama AmR>dm {d^mV VmH$m {dVma AS>Vmbrg bmI
AR>mdZ hOma VrZ g VoVrg `moOZ Ama EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&77&&
Ama Zd_m V VmH$m {dVma VVrg bmI {N>`mg{R> hOma N> gm {N>`mg{R> `moOZ Ama EH$
`moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ {V{Z _| Xmo` ^mJ&&78&& Ama Xedm {gV VmH$m {dVma N>mrg bmI {nMmoma
hOma `moOZ&&79&& Ama `ma_m dH$mV VmH$m {dVma nVmbrg bmI {V`mgr hOma VrZ g VoVrg
`moOZ Ama EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ& Ama ~madm AVH$mV VmH$m {dVma MmVrg bmI B`mUd|
hOma N> g N>`mg{R> `moOZ& Ama EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| go Xmo ^mJ&&81&& Ama Voadm {dH$mV
CgH$m {dVma VoVrg bmI N>`mgR> hOma `moOZ EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _o ^mJ EH$&&82&& ò
W_ ZaH$ Ho$ Voah BH$ H$ho&&83&&
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A~ XOo ZaH$ H$m nhbm nmWS>m BH$ ZH$, gmo CZMmg H$s {JUVr _| MmXdm {J{Uò CgH$m
{dVma VoVrg bmI AmR> hOma VrZ g VoVrg `moOZ Ama EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&84&& Ama
nhdm VZH$ CgH$m {dVma ~mrg bmI gmobo hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ
^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo&&85&& Ama gmobdm _ZH$ CgH$m {dVma BH$Vrg bmI nrg hOma `moOZ&&85&&
ghdm dZH$ CgH$m {dVma Vrg bmI VoVrg hOma VrZ g VoVrg `moOZ Ama EH$ `moOZ H$m
Vrgam ^mJ&& 86&& AR>madm KmQ>, CgH$m {dVma JwUVrg bmI BH$Vmbrg hOma N> gm N>`mgR>
`moOZ Ama EH$ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo&&87&& Ama Crgdm gKmQ>, CgH$m {dVma AR>mBg bmI
nMmg hOma `moOZ&&88&& Ama ~rgdm {Ohd CgH$m {dVma gmmBg bmI AR>mdZ hOma VrZ gm
VoVrg `moOZ EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&89&& Ama BH$sgdm {OhdH$ CgH$m {dVma N>~rg
bmI N>`mgR> hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _o Xmo ^mJ&&90&& Ama ~mBgdm
bmob CgH$m {dVma nrg bmI {nMhma hOma `moOZ Ama VoBg dm bmobnw CgH$m {dVma
Mm~rg bmI {Vamgr hOma VrZ gm VoVrg `moOZ Ama `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&91&& Ama Mm~rgdm
VZwbmobnw , CgH$m {dVma VoBg bmI B`mZd| hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama `moOZ Ho$ VrZ
^mJm| _o ^mJ Xmo&&92&& ò XOo ZaH$ Ho$ `mah BH$ H$ho&
VrOo ZaH$ H$m n{hbm nmWS>m BH$ V gmo CZMmg H$s {JUVr _| nrgdm CgH$m {dVma
VoBg bmI `moOZ&&93&& N>~rgdm, VmnZ CgH$m {dVma ~mBg bmI AmR> hOma VrZ g VoVrg
`moOZ, Ama `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&94&& Ama gmmBg_m VnZ CgH$m {dVma BH$sg bmI N>
hOma `moOZ EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _o| ^mJ Xmo&&95&& Ama AQ>R>mBgdm VmnZ CgH$m {dVma
~rg bmI nrg hOma `moOZ EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&96&& Ama CZVrgdm {ZXmK CgH$m
{dVma Crg bmI VoVrg hOma VrZ gm VoVrg `moOZ Ama `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&97&& Vrgdm
d{bV CgH$m {dVma AR>mah bmI BH$Vmbrg hOma N> gmo N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama `moOZ EH$ Ho$
VrZ ^mJm| _| Xmo ^mJ&&98&& BH$Vrgdm Cd{bV CgH$m {dVma gVah bmI nMmg hOma
`moOZ&&99&& ~mrgdm gd{bV H$m CgH$m {dVma gmobh bmI AR>mdZ hOma VrZ gm VoVrg
`moOZ, Ama `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&100&& Ama VoVrgdm gd{bV CgH$m {dVma nh bmI
{N>`mgR> hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _o ^mJ Xmo&&1&& ò VrOo ZaH$ Ho$
Zd nmWS>o H$ho& `hm bJ CZMmg _o VoVrg ^ò&&2&&
Ama MmWo ZaH$ H$m n{hbm BH$ Ama gmo CZMmg _| MmVrgdm CgH$m {dVma MmXh bmI
{nMhma hOma `moOZ Ama `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJmo _| ^mJ Xmo&&3&& nVrgdm Vma CgH$m {dVma Voah
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bmI {`mgr hOma VrZ gm VVrg `moOZ, `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| EH$ ^mJ&&4&& N>mrgdm _ma
CgH$m {dVma ~mah bmI B`mZd| hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJmo| _| EH$
Xmo&&5&& Ama gVrgdm dMg CgH$m {dVma `mah bmI `moOZ Ama AR>Vrgdm VZH$ CgH$m
{dVma `mah bmI AmR> hOma VrZ g VoVrg `moOZ, EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| Xmo ^mJ& Ama
CUVmbrgdm IS> CgH$m {dVma Xe bmI gmobh hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama VrZ ^mJm| _|
^mJ Xmo&&6&& Mmbrgdm IS>IS> CgH$m {dVma Zd bmI nrg hOma& ò MmWo ZaH$ Ho$ gmV
BH$ H$ho&&7&&
Ama nmMd| ZaH$ H$m n{hbm BH$ V_ gmo CZMmg _| BH$Vmbrgdm CgH$m {dVma AmR> bmI
VoVrg hOma VrZ gm VoVrg `moOZ, EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&8&& Ama ~`mbrgdm ^_ CgH$m
{dVma gmV bmI BH$Vmbrg hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama EH$ `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ
Xmo&&9&& Ama {V`mbrgdm [af CgH$m {dVma N> bmI, nMmg hOma `moOZ&&10&& Ama Mdmbrgdm
AY CgH$m {dVma nmM bmI AR>mZdo hOma VrZ gm VoVrg `moOZ EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm
^mJ&&11&& Ama nVmbrgdm V{_ CgH$m {dVma Mma bmI N>`mgR> hOma N> gm N>`mgR>
`moOZ, `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _o Xmo ^mJ ò nM_ ZaH$ Ho$ nM BH$ H$ho&&12&&
Ama N>R>o ZaH$ H$m n{hbm BH$ {h_, gmo CZMmg _|, N>`mbrgdm CgH$m {dVma VrZ bmI
{nMhma hOma `moOZ Ho$dbX[e Zo {XIm`m&&13&& gVmbrgdm dXb CgH$m {dVma Xmo bmI
{V`mbrg hOma VrZ gm VoVrg `moOZ, `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ&&14&& AS> Vmbrgdm bbH$ CgH$m
{dVma EH$ bmI B`mdZ hOma N> gm N>`mgR> `moOZ Ama `moOZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ _| ^mJ Xmo&&15&&
ò N>R>o ZaH$ Ho$ VrZ BH$ H$ho&
Ama gmVd| ZaH$ H$m A{VR>mZ Zm_m BH$ CgH$m {dVma EH$ bmI `moOZ dh g_V
Vddomm Omo gdk Xod {Vg Zo H$hm&&16&& ò gmV ZaH$m| Ho$ CZMmg nmWS>o h& gmo EH$ EH$ nmWS>o
_| EH$ EH$ BH$ {dbm Omo nmWS>o H$m Zm_ gmo BH$ {dbo H$m Zm_ `h Vmo g_V BH$ Ho$ {dVma
H$m dUZ {H$`m&&17&&
A~ BH$m| H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H${hò OS>nZm, gmo gwZmo Y_m H${hò n{hbm ZaH$ Cg {df| BH$m| H$s _wQ>mB EH$ H$mog H$s h Ama loUr~ {dbo
CZH$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB EH$ H$mog Ama H$mog H$m VrOm ^mJ, Ama Omo H$sUH$ {dbo CZH$s _wQ>mB
^y{_ {df| H$mog EH$ Ama H$mog Ho$ VrZ ^mJmo| _| EH$ ^mJ&&18&& Ama dem H${hò XOm ZaH$ Cg
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{dfo BH$ H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog EH$& Ama loUr~m| H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog Xmo& Ama
H$sUH$mo H$s ^y{_ _wQ>mB gmT>o VrZ Ama VrOm ZaH$ _oKm Cg {dfo BH$ H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog
Xmo Ama loUr~m| H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog Xmo, Ama EH$ H$mog Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo, Ama
H$sUH$m| H$s ^y{_ _wQ>mB H$mog 4, EH$ H$mog Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo&&19&& Ama MmWm ZaH$
AOZm Cg {dfo BH$m| H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog T>mB Ama loUr~ ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog 3, Ama
EH$ VrOm ^mJ Ama H$sUH$mo H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog nmM& Ama EH$ H$mog Ho$ N> ^mJ H$[aò
{VZ_| ^mJ nmM&&20&&
Ama A[aQ>m nmMdm ZaH$ Cg {df BH$ H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog 3 Ama loUr~m| H$s H$mog
4 Aa H$sUH$m| H$s H$mog gmV&&21&& Aa N>R>m ZaH$ _Kdm Cg {dfo BH$ ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog
gmT>o VrZ Ama loUr~m| H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog 4 Ama EH$ H$mog Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo Ama
H$sUH$m| H$s ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog AmR>, EH$ H$mog H$m N>R>m ^mJ&&22&& gmVdm ZaH$ _mKdr Cg
{dfo BH$ ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog 4 loUr~ Mma {VZH$s ^y[_ H$s _wQ>mB H$mog nmM, EH$ H$mog H$m
VrOm ^mJ& Bg ^m{V g~ {dbmAm| H$m {dVma Ama ^y{_ H$s _wQ>mB H$m dUZ H$hm h&&23&&
AWmZVa - {dbmdm| H$m AVa H$ho h W_ ZaH$ {df| BH$ {dbmdm| _|o nana AVa 6499 `moOZ Ama H$mog Xmo`, Aa EH$ H$mog
Ho$ ^mJ ~mah H$[aò CZ_| `mah ^mJ brOo&&25&& Aa loUr~m| H$m AVa 6499 `moOZ Aa Xmo
H$mog Aa H$mog Ho$ Zd ^mJm| {dfo ^mJ nmM brOo&&26&& Aa H$sU H$m AVa 6499 `moOZ H$mog
EH$ Aa H$mog Ho$ N>mrg ^mJ H$[aò CZ_| gVah ^mJ brOo&&27&& Aa XOo ZaH$ {dfo BH$ {dbm
2999 `moOZ Aa YZwf 4700 gm 28 Aa loUr~m| H$m AVa 2999 `moOZ YZwf N>mrg gm&&29&&
Aa H$sU H$m AVa 2999 `moOZ, Aa YZwf VrZ gm&&31&& Aa VrOo ZaH$ {dfo BH$ {dbmdm|
H$m AVa 3249 `moOZ Aa YZwf 3500 gm& &33&& Aa loUr~m| H$m AVa 3249 `moOZ Aa YZwf
2000 Xmo hOma&&34&& Eogo ôX gdk Xod Zo H$ho h& Aa H$sUH$m| H$m AVa 3248 `moOZ Aa YZwf
5500 gm&&34&& Aa MmWo ZaH$ {dfo BH$ H$m AVa 3665 `moOZ Aa YZwf 7500 gm&&35&&
Aa loUr~m| H$m AVa 3665 `moOZ Aa YZwf 5555 Aa EH$ YZwf Ho$ Zd ^mJ H$[aò CZ_|
^mJ nmM brOo&&36&& Aa H$sUH$m| H$m AVa 3664 `moOZ, Aa YZwf 7722 Aa EH$ YZwf Ho$
Zd ^mJ H$[aò CZ_| ^mJ Xmo` brOo&&37&& Aa nmMd| ZaH$ {dfo BH$ {dbmAm| H$m AVa 4499
`moOZ Aa 500 YZwf&&38&& Ama loUr~m| H$m AVa 4498 `moOZ Aa YZwf 6000 Aa H$sUH$m|
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H$m AVa 4497 `moOZ Aa YZwf 6500&&42&& Aa N>R>o ZaH$ {dfo BH$m| H$m AVa 5998 `moOZ
Aa YZwf 5500 gm&&43&& Aa loUr~m| H$m AVa 6998 `moOZ Aa YZwf 2000 Aa H$sUH$m|
H$m AVa 6996 `moOZ Aa YZwf 7500 gm&&45&& Aa g_ ZaH$ {df| BH$ EH$ hr h Aa
loUr~ Mma, H$sUH$ H$ho Zht gmo BH$m| H$m loUr~ go AVa 3999 `moOZ& Aa H$mog 2, Aa
loUr~m| _| nana AVa VrZ hOma Zm go [Z`mZd `moOZ, Aa EH$ H$mog H$m VrOm ^mJ&&47&&
AWmZVa - CZMmg nmWS>mo _o Am`w H$m H$WZ H$ao h W_ ZaH$ {dfo n{hbm nmWS>m gr_VH$ dhm OK` ZmaH$sZ H$s Am`w Xe hOma df Aa
CH$Q> Am`w Z~o hOma df&&48&& Aa XOm nmWS>m VmaH$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w 9000 df
qH${MV A{YH$ Aa CH$Q> Am`w Z~o bmI df&&49&& Aa VrOm nmWS>m amI Cg {df OK`
Am`w Z~o bmI df Aa EH$ g_` A{YH$& Aa CH$Q> Am`w Ag`mV H$mo{S > nyd& &50&& Aa
MmWm nmWS>m ^mV Cg {df| OK` Am`w Ag`mV H$mo{S> nyd EH$ g_` A{YH$ Aa CH$Q> Am`w
gmJa H$m Xgdm ^mJ&&51&& Aa nmMdm CX^m V Cg {df| OK` Am`w gmJa H$m Xgdm ^mJ EH$
g_` A{YH$ Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa H$m nmMdm ^mJ&&52&& Ama N>R>m g^m V Cg {dfo OK`
Am`w gmJa H$m nmMdm ^mJ EH$ g_` A{YH$ CH$Q> Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xe ^mJm|o _| VrZ ^mJ&&53&&
Aa gmVdm Ag^m V Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xe ^mJm| _o ^mJ VrZ EH$ g_` A{YH$&
CH$Q> Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xe ^mJm| _| ^mJ Mma&&54&&
Aa AmR>dm {d^mV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa H$o Xg ^mJm| _| ^mJ 4 Ama CH$Q> Am`w
AmY gmJa Ama Zd_m V {df| OK` Am`w gmJa AmY Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xe ^mJm|
_| ^mJ gmV&&55&& Ama Xg_m {gV Cg [dfo OK` Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xg ^mJm| _| ^mJ N> CH$Q>
Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xe ^mJm| _o ^mJ gmV&&56&& Aa `madm {dH$mV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa Ho$
Xe ^mJm| _o gmV ^mJ Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xg ^mJm| _o ^mJ AmR>&&57&& Ama ~ma_m
A{dH$mV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xg ^mJm| _o| ^mJ AmR> Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa Ho$ Xg
^mJm| _| ^mJ Zd&&58&& Ama Voadm {dH$mV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa Ho$ `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xg
Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa EH$& `h W_ ZaH$ Ho$ ZmaH$sZ H$s Am`w H$hr&1&
Ama XOo ZaH$ H$m nmWS>m n{hbm VH$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 1 qH${MV A{YH$ Aa
CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 1 Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$ `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo`&&59&& Ama XOm nmWS>m VZH$
Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 1 EH$ gmJa Ho$ `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 1
`mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ Mma Aa VrOm nmWS>m _ZH$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 1 gmJa Ho$ `mah
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^mJm| _| ^mJ 4 CH$Q> gmJa 1 `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ N>& &60&& MmWm nmWS>m dZH$ Cg {dfo OK`
Am`w gmJa 1, Aa gmJa Ho$ `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ 6 Aa CH$Q> Am`w 1 Ama `mah ^mJm| _o| ^mJ
AmR>&&61&& Ama nmMdm nmWS>m {dKmV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 1 Ama EH$ gmJa Ho$ `mah
^mJm| _| ^mJ 8 Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 1 `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xg&&62&& Ama N>R>m nmWS>m gKmV
Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 1 `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ 10 Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa Xmo, `mah ^mJm|
_| ^mJ EH$&&63&& Ama gmVdm {OhdH$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 2 ^mJ 1, CH$Q> Am`w gmJa
2 Ama ^mJ VrZ&&64&& Ama AmR>dm {OhdmH$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 2 Ama gmJa Ho$ `mah
^mJm| _| ^mJ VrZ Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 2 Ama ^mJ nmM&&65&& Aa Zd_m bmob Cg {dfo
OK` Am`w gmJa 2 Ama 11 ^mJm| _| ^mJ nmM, CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 2 Ama EH$ Ho$ `mah ^mJm|
_| ^mJ gmV&&66&& Ama Xgdm bmobn Cg {dmo OK` Am`w gmJa Xmo Ama `mah ^mJm| _o ^mJ
gmV, Ama CH$Q> gmJa 2 Amoa ^mJ Zd&&67&& `mahdm VZ bmobn Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa
2 ^mJ Zd Ama CH$Q> gmJa VrZ&&68&& `h XOm ZaH$ Omo dem CgHo$ `mah nmWS>m| H$s $nUm
H$ar h&&69&&
Ama VrOo ZaH$ H$m n{hbm nmWS>m V Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa VrZ Ama CH$Q> Am`w
gmJa VrZ EH$ gmJa Ho$ Zd ^mJ H$[aò CZ _| ^mJ 4, Ama VrOo H$m XOm nmWS>m V{nV Cg {dfo
OK` Am`w gmJa 3 Ama Zd ^mJm| _| ^mJ 4 Ama CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 3 Ama EH$ Ho$ Zd ^mJm|
_| ^mJ AmR>&&70& Ama VrOm nmWS>m VnZ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 3 Aa ^mJ 8 CH$Q> gmJa
4 Aa Zd ^mJm|o _| ^mJ VrZ&&71&& Aa MmWm VmnZ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 4 Aa Zd ^mJm|
_| ^mJ 3, Aa CH$Q> gmJa 4 ^mJ gmV&&72&& Aa nmMdm {ZXmK Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa
4 Aa Zd ^mJm| _| ^mJ 7 Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 5 Aa ^mJ Xmo&&73&& Aa N>R>m d{bV Cg
{df| OK` Am`w gmJa 5 Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$ Zd ^mJmo| _| ^mJ 2, Aa CH$Q> gmJa 5 Aa ^mJ
N>h&&74&& Aa gmVdm Cd{bV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 5 Aa ^mJ 6 CH$Q> gmJa 6 Zd
^mJm| _| ^mJ EH$&&75&& Aa AmR>dm gd{bV Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 6 Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$
Zd ^mJm| _| ^mJ 1 CH$Q> gmJa 6 Aa ^mJ nmM&&76&& Aa Zd_m gd{bV Cg {dfo OK`
Am`w gmJa 6 Aa ^mJ 5 Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 7 `h VrOo ZaH$ Ho$ Zd nmWS>r H$m {ZU`
{H$`m&&77&&
MmWm ZaH$ AOZm CgH$m n{hbm nmWS>m Aa Cg {dfo OK` Am`w 7 gmJa Aa CH$Q> Am`w
gmJa 7 Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _o| ^mJ VrZ&&78&& Aa XOm nmWS>m Vma Cg {dfo OK`
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Am`w gmJa 7 ^mJ 3 Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 7 Aa ^mJ N>h&&79&& Aa VrOm nmWS>m _ma Cg
{dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 7 ^mJ 6 Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 8 Aa ^mJ Xmo&&80&& MmWm dMg Cg
{dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 8 gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ 2 CH$Q> gmJa 8 Aa ^mJ nmM&&81&& Aa nmMdm
nmWS>m V_H$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 8 Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ 5 CH$Q> gmJa
9 Aa EH$ gmJa H$m gmVdm ^mJ&&82&& Aa N>R>m nmWS>m IS>m Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 9 Aa
^mJ 1 CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 9 ^mJ Mma&&83&& Aa gmVdm IS>IS > Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 9
Aa ^mJ 4 Aa CH$Q> gmJa Xg, `h MmWo ZaH$ Ho$ gmV nmWS>m| H$m dUZ {H$`m&&84&&
Aa nmMdm ZaH$ A[aQ> CgH$m n{hbm nmWS>m V_ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa 10 Aa
CH$Q> Am`w gmJa 10 Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$ nmM ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo`&&85&& Aa XOm nmWS>m ^_ Cg
{dfo OK` Am`w gmJa Xe Aa nmM ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa ~mah Aa ^mJ
Mma&&86&& Aa VrOm nmWS>m [aI Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa ~mah Aa ^mJ Mma CH$Q> Am`w
gmJa MmXh Aa ^mJ EH$&&87&& Aa MmWm nmWS>m AY {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa MmXh Aa ^mJ
EH$ CH$Q> Am`w gmJa nh Aa ^mJ VrZ&&88&& Aa nmMdm nmWS>m V{_ Cg {dfo OK`
Am`w gmJa nh Aa ^mJ VrZ Aa CH$Q> Am`w gmJa gVah, Eogm H$WZ lr drVamJ Xod Zo
{H$`m& `h nM_ ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>m| H$m `m`mZ {H$`m&&89&&
Aa N>R>m ZaH$ _Kdr CgH$m n{hbm nmWS>m {h_ {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa gVah Aa CH$Q>
Am`w gmJa AR>mah Aa EH$ gmJa Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo&&90&& Aa XOm nmWS>m dXb Cg {dfo
OK` Am`w gmJa AR>mah Aa ^mJ Xmo Aa CH$Q> Am`w ~rg Aa VrOm ^mJ&&91&& Aa VrOm
bbH$ Cg {dfo OK` Am`w gmJa ~rg Aa EH$ H$m VrOm ^mJ Aa CH$Q> gmJa ~mBg& `h
N>R>o ZaH$ Ho$ VrZ nmWS>m| H$m H$WZ {H$`m h&
Aa gmVdm ZaH$ _mKdr Cg {dfo nmWS>m EH$ A{VR>mZ Cg {df OK` Am`w gmJa 22 Aa
CH$Q> Am`w gmJa VoVrg&&92&&
Bg ^m{V gmVm| ZaH$ H$s Am`w H$m dUZ {H$`m h, Omo n{hbo CH$Q> gmo XOo EH$ g_` A{YH$
OK` Am`w Bgr ^m{V g~ nmWS>m| _| OmZmo - Eogo Zma{H$`m| H$s Am`w H$hr&
AWmZVa - Zma{H$`m| Ho$ eara H$s D$MmB H$ho h n{hbo ZaH$ Ho$ nhbo nmWS>o _| Zma{H$`m| H$m eara hmW VrZ XOo nmWS>o _| YZwf 1 hmW 1 Aa
gmT>o AmR> AJb
w & Bg ^m{V Voah nmWS>o VH$ nmWS>o nmWS>o {df Xmo Xmo hmW Aa gmT>m AmR> 2 AJb
w
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~TVm J`m Aa VrOo _o| YZwf 1 hmW 3 AJb

w 10&&93&& Aa MmWo nmWS>o _o| YZwf 2 hmW 2 AJb
w
1&& Aa nmMd| nmWS>o _| YZwf 3 AJb
w Xg&&94&& Aa N>R>o nmWS>o _| YZwf 3 hmW 2 AJb
w
18&&95&& Aa gmVd| nmWS>o _| YZwf 4 hmW hmW 1 AJb
w 3 & `h H$WZ ^_ a{hV Ho$dbr Zo
H$hm&&96&& Aa AmR>d| nmWS>o _| YZwf 4 hmW 3 AJb
w 11 &&97&& Aa Zd_| nmWS>o _| YZwf 5 hmW
1 AJb
w ~rg&&98&& Aa Xe_| nmWS>o _| YZwf 6 Aa AJb
w 4 &&99&& Aa `mad| nmWS>o _| YZwf
6 hmW 2 AJb
w 13&&100&& Eogm H$WZ gdk Xod Zo {H$`m {OZHo$ ^_ Zht do _hmdrU h& Aa
~mahdo nmWS>o _o| YZwf 7 AJb
w 21 &&1&& Voahdo nmWS>o _o YZwf 7 hmW 3 AJb
w 6 & Bg ^m{V
n{hbm ZaH$ Y_m CgHo$ Voam nmWS>m| {df| nwamU nwfm| Zo Zma{H$`m| Ho$ eara H$s D$MmB H$hr&&2&&
Aa XOo ZaH$ Ho$ n{hbo nmWS>o {df| YZwf 8 hmW 2 AJb
w 2 AJb
w Ho$ `mah ^mJ H$[aE CZ
_| ^mJ Xmo`&&3&& XOo nmWS>o _| YZwf 9 AJb
w 22 EH$ AJb
w Ho$ `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ Mma&&3&&
VrOo nmWS>o _| YZwf Zm hmW VrZ AJb
w AR>mah `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ N>&&5&& Aa MmWo nmWS>o _o|
YZwf Xe hmW Xmo AJb
w MmXh Aa EH$ AJb
w Ho$ `mah ^mJm| _o| ^mJ AmR>&&6&& Aa nmMd| nmWS>o
_| YZwf `mah hmW 1 AJb
w Xe Aa ^mJ Xe&&7&& N>R>o nmWS>o _| YZwf ~mah Aa AJb
w gmV Aa
^mJ1 &&8&& Aa gmVd| nmWS>o _| YZwf ~mah hmW VrZ AJb
w VrZ Aa `mah ^mJm| _| ^mJ
VrZ&&9&& Aa AmR>d| nmWS>o _o| YZwf Voah hmW 1 AJb
w VoBg Aa ^mJ nmM&&10&& Aa Zd_|
nmWS>o _| YZwf MmXh AJb
w CZrg Aa ^mJ 7 &&11&& Aa Xedo nmWS>o {dfo YZwf MmXh hmW VrZ
AJb
w nh Aa ^mJ Zd&&12&& Aa `mahdo nmWS>o _| YZwf nh hmW Xmo AJb
w ~mah `h XOo
ZaH$ Ho$ nmWS>o `mah H$m H$WZ {H$`m& `hm go EH$ YZwf hmW Xmo` ~mBg AJb
w EH$ AJb
w Ho$ VrZ
^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo` ò AZwH$ _ H$a d{ ^B&
VrOo ZaH$ Ho$ n{hbo nmWS>o _| YZwf gVah hmW 1 AJb
w Xe Aa EH$ AJb
w Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _|
^mJ Xmo` BVZm D$Mm eara ZmaH$s`m| H$m h&&15&& Aa VrOo Ho$ XOo nmWS>o _| YZwf CZrg Zd AJb
w
Aa 1 AJb
w H$m VrOm ^mJ gdXeu Zo {XIm`m&&16&& Aa VrO Ho$ VrOo nmWS>o {df YZwf ~rg
hmW VrZ AJb
w AmR> eara D$Mm h Aa MmWo nmWS>o {df YZwf ~mBg hmW Xmo AJb
w N>h Aa EH$
AJb
w Ho$ VrZ ^mJm| _| ^mJ Xmo&&17&& Aa nmMd| nmWS>o {dfo YZwf Mm~rg hmW 1 AJb
w nmM ^mJ
1&&18&& Aa N>R>o {df YZwf N>~rg AJb
w 4 eara D$Mm h&&19&& Aa gmV_o| nmWS>o {df YZwf
gmmBg hmW VrZ AJb
w Xmo Aa ^mJ 2 &&20&& Aa AmR>d| nmWS>o {df YZwf CVrg hmW 2 Aa
AJb
w Xmo Aa ^mJ 1&&20&& Aa Zd_| nmWS>o {dfo YZwf EH$Vrg hmW 1 AJb
w 20 &&21&& `h
VrOo ZaH$ Ho$ Zd nmWS>m| Ho$ ZmaH$s`m| H$s D$MmB H$hr h&&22&&
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Aa MmWo ZaH$ Ho$ n{hbo nmWS>o {dfo| YZwf nVrg hmW Xmo AJb
w Ho$ ~rg Aa EH$ AJb
w Ho$
gmV ^mJ H$[aò CZ _| ^mJ Mma&&23&& XOo nmWS>o _| YZwf 40 AJb
w gh Aa EH$ AJb
w H$m
gmVdm ^mJ&&24&& Aa VrOo nmWS>o {df YZwf Mdmbrg hmW Xmo AJb
w Voah Aa gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ
nmM&&25&& Aa MmWo nmWS>o {df| YZwf 49 AJb
w Xe Aa AJb
w EH$ Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _| ^mJ
Xmo&&26&& Aa nmM Ho$ {df| YZwf {VanZ hmW Xmo AJb
w N> ^mJ N>&&27&& Aa N>R>o {df| YZwf 58
AJb
w VrZ AJb
w Ho$ gmV ^mJm| _o ^mJ VrZ&&28&&Aa gmVd| {df| YZwf ~mgR> Aa hmW 2 H$s
D$MmB h& Bg ^m{V MmWo ZaH$ Ho$ gmV nmWS>m| Ho$ ZmaH$s`m| Ho$ eara H$s D$MmB H$hr&&29&&
Aa nmMdo ZaH$ Ho$ n{hbo nmWS>o {df| YZwf nMhma Aa XOo nmWS>o {df| YZwf gmmgr hmW
2 &&30&& Aa VrOo nmWS>o _| YZwf 100 Aa MmWo nmWS>o _| YZwf 112 hmW Xmo&&31&& Aa nmMd|
{df| YZwf 125 D$MmB ZmaH$r`m| H$s JUYa Xod Zo H$hr&&32&& ò nM_ ZaH$ Ho$ nmM nmWS>o CZ
{df| eara H$s D$MmB OmZmo&&33&&
Aa N>R>o ZaH$ Ho$ n{hbo nmWS>o {df| YZwf 166 hmW 2 AJb
w gmobh&&33&& Aa XOo _| YZwf
208 hmW 1 AJb
w 8 Aa VrOo nmWS>o _o YZwf 250 &&34&& Bg ^m{V N>R>o Ho$ VrZ nmWS>m| Ho$
ZmaH$s`m| Ho$ eara H$s D$MmB kmZ Zo Ho$ YmaH$m| Zo H$hr&&35&&
Aa gmVd| ZaH$ {df| EH$ nmWS>m Cg {df| YZwf 500 ZmaH$s`m| Ho$ Xoh H$s D$MmB H$hr& `h
g~ {ZM` Ho$d{b`m| Ho$ CnXoe H$a ^` Ordm| Ho$ ^`m&
AWmZVa - W_ ZaH$m{X gmVm| hr ZaH$m| H$s ndr {df| Ad{Y _mU H$ho h n{hbo ZaH$ H$mog 4 XO ZaH$ Ho$ H$mog 3&& VrOo ZaH$ H$mog VrZ MmWo ZaH$ H$mog 2&& nmMd|
ZaH$ H$mog Xmo N>R>o ZaH$ H$mog 1&& gmVd| ZaH$ H$mog 1 Bg ^m{V Ad{Y H$m Mma OmZZm&&38&&
Aa n{hbo ZaH$ XOo ZaH$ bo`m H$mnmoV Aa VrOo ZaH$ {df| D$nbo nmWS>o _| H$mnmoV Aa ZrMbo
nmWS>o _| Zrb&&39&& Aa MmWo ZaH$ {df g~ nmWS>m| _o| Zrbbo`m hr h Aa nmMd| ZaH$ D$nabo
nmWS>m| _| Zrb bo`m h Aa ZrMbo nmWS>m| _o| H$Ubo`m h Aa N>R> ZaH$ {df g~ nmWS>mo _|
H$Ubo`m hr h Aa gmVd| ZaH$ {df| na_ H$Ubo`m h& A{V XQ> ^mdm| H$a Vhm Om` h, dhm
XQ>^md hr h& Aa dhm Ho$ {ZH$go _Zw` Z hmod,o XQ> {V`M hr hm|`& EH$ ~ma {\$a ZaH$ _o
Om`&&41&& Aa MmWo ZaH$ VH$ Vmo A{V CUVm H$s ~mYm h& Aa nmMd| ZaH$ {df| D$nabo
{dbmdm| _| Vmo CUVm H$s ~mYm h& Aa ZrMbo {dbmdm| _| erVVm H$s ~mYm h&
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Aa N>R>o ZaH$ {df| gd erV h, Aa gmVd| ZaH$ {df _hmerV h&&42&& Aa ZmaH$s`m| Ho$
Cn{m Ho$ WmZH$ VrOo ZaH$ VH$ Vmo H$S>mhm Ho$ AmH$ma h& Aa H$ EH$ Hw$^r Ho$ AmH$ma h& Aa
H$ EH$ _waO (_wXJa) Ho$ AmH$ma h, H$B EH$ Hw$Wbr Ho$ AmH$ma h, H$B EH$ _XJ Ho$ AmH$ma Aa
H$B EH$ Zmar Ho$ AmH$ma&&43&& Aa MmWo ZaH$ {df| VWm nmMd| ZaH$ {df| ZmaH$s`m| Ho$ Cn{m Ho$
WmZH$ H$B EH$ Jm` Ho$ AmH$ma H$B EH$ JO Ho$ AmH$ma h, H$B EH$ Adm{XH$ Ho$ AmH$ma H$B
EH$ ^gm| Ho$ AmH$ma H$B EH$ moUr Ho$ AmH$ma H$B EH$ H$_b Ho$ nwQ> Ho$ AmH$ma&&44&& Aa N>R>o
ZaH$ {df| VWm gmVdo {df| ZmaH$sZ Ho$ Cn{m Ho$ WmZH$ H$B EH$ IoV Ho$ AmH$ma, H$B EH$ Pmb
Ho$ AmH$ma H$B EH$ _pbH$m Ho$ AmH$ma H$B EH$ _`y[aH$m Ho$ AmH$ma h&&45&& ò Cn{m WmZH$
EH$ H$mog MmS >o H$B EH$ Xmo H$mog Ho$ MmS >o H$B EH$ VrZ H$mog MmS >o H$B EH$ dm Xmo` dm VrZ `moOZ
MmS >o h& Aa CZ_o gm `moOZ MmS >o h `h CH$Q> dUZ {H$`m, gm `moOZ {gdm` CZH$s MmS >mB Zht&
AWmZVa - H$_ Vm gmVm| ZaH$ {df EH$ Xmo dm VrZ H$mog EH$ Xmo VrZ gm `moOZ MmS >mB g~
WmZ H$ho h& Aa Omo Ohm MmS >mB dUZ H$ar dhm nmM JwZr D$MmB OmZmo, ZmaH$s`m| Ho$ g_V
Cn{m WmZH$m| H$s D$MmB MmS >mB g_V dVw lr drVamJXod Zo ~VmB&&47&& Oo BH$ {dbo h do
g~ {VIyQ>o h, VrZ mam| H$mo Yao h& Aa B Ho$ Vmo XOo loUr~ Aa H$sUH$ go H$B EH$ Xmo ma
Aa Xmo` H$moU Aa H$B EH$ VrZ ma Aa {H$moU Aa H$B EH$ ma EH$ H$moU H$B EH$ nM ma nM
H$moU Aa H$B EH$ g ma g H$moU&&48&& do g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma H$a `wV h& CZ_| Vmo
An AVa N>h H$mog Aa CH$Q> AVa H$mog ~mah, Aa g`mV `moOZ$n h _mU {OZH$m
CZH$m AVa CH$Q> Vmo Ag`mV `moOZ Aa OK` AVa gmV hOma `moOZ&&50&&
Aa ZaH$ Ho$ {df| ZmaH$s CnO H$a ^y{_ _o nS>o h dhm nS> H$a CN>bo h, gmo n{hbo ZaH$ Vmo
`moOZ gmV Aa H$mog gdm VrZ D$Mo CN>bo hr h, Aa ZrMbo ZaH$ {df| n{hbo go XZm OmZmo&&51&&
XOo ZaH$ {df| `moOZ 15 Aa H$mog&&2&& ZmaH$r D$Mo CN>bo h& Aa VrOo ZaH$ {df| `moOZ 31 Aa
H$mog 1 CnOVo hr ndr _| nS> H$a AmH$me H$mo CN>bo h Aa CN>b H$a nrN>o nS>o h&&53&& Aa MmWo
ZaH$ Ho$ ZmaH$s `moOZ 62 Aa H$mog Xmo CN>bo h& Aa nmMd| ZaH$ Ho$ ZmaH$s `moOZ 125 _hm XI
Ho$ nrS>o D$Mo CN>bo h& Aa N>R>| ZaH$ {df| ZmaH$s `moOZ 250 D$Mo CN>bo nmN>o nS>o h& Aa gmVd|
ZaH$ {df| `moOZ 500 D$Mo CN>bo ndr {df| nS>o h&&57&&
VrOo ZaH$ VH$ Vmo AnZm AnZm nydb
m da {dMma ZmaH$s nana bS>o h& Aa AgwaHw$_ma Xod
^r BZH$mo nydb
m ~a {MVam` nana bS>md| h Aa MmWo ZaH$ go boH$a gmVdo| n`V AgwaHw$_mam|
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H$m J_Z Zht, ZmaH$s hr da {MVma H$a nana bS>o h&&58&& AnZo eara H$a CnOo ZmZm H$ma
Ho$ e Hw$V H${hE gob Aa H$H$M H${hE H$amV Aa eyb H${hE {eyb BZH$mo Am{X Xo IS>J
Hw$R>mar Hw$hm{S>`m| H$a nana IS>-IS> H$ao h, _hm nrS>m CnOmdo h&&59&& Ogo nmao H$mo IS>-IS>
H$[aE Aa VH$mb {_b Om`, Vgo ZmaH$s`m| H$m eara IS>-IS> hmo` {_b Om` h& Ohm VH$
CZH$m Am`w H$_ h dhm VH$ _maZo H$a _a| Zht& eara g~Yr Aa _Z g~Y r Am{Y `m{Y H$m
XI nyd nmn Ho$ {dnmH$ go gXm gho h, dh CgH$mo XIr H$ao h& nana _maZm VmS>Zm hdm hr H$ao
h& do ZmaH$s _hmjma _hmCU _hm XJ Y dVaZr ZXr Ho$ Ob go Aa _hm XJ Y _{mH$m go _hm
Xgh XI ^moJo h&&62&& EH$ AmI Ho$ {Z{_ _m ^r ZmaH$s`m| H$mo gwI Zht& do ZmaH$r {ZaVa
ZaH$ {dfo XI ^mJo h, ZaH$ {df| OrdZ Ho$ _hm Aew^ n[aUm_ h& Aa Znwg H$ g~ hr h, Aa
hS>H$ gWmZ h&&63&&
N>R>o ZaH$ VH$ Ho$ {ZH$go Vmo _Zw` Aa nMo r {V`M Xmo J{V _| Amdo& Aa gmV_| go {ZH$go
{V`M hr hmod&o Aa H$B EH$ Ordmo Zo n{hbo {_`md {dfo ZaH$ H$m ~Y {H$`m Wm& [\$a g`H$
H$mo nm` H$a VrWH$a nX H$m ~Y H$s`m, gmo `wV hmo` VrOo ZaH$ VH$ Om`, dhm H$m {ZH$gm
VrWH$a hmo` Vmo hmo`& Aa MmWo H$m {ZH$gm VrWH$a Z hmo` H$Xm{MV Ma_ earar hmo` Vmo hmo`& Aa
nmMd| go {ZH$fm H$Xm{MV gmYw hmo` Vmo hmo`& Oo Ord n{hbo XOo VrOo go {ZH$go VrWH$a hmodo CZ
Ordm| H$m _aU g N> _hrZo n{hbo CngJ Xa hmo`&&65&& n{hbo ZaH$ {dfo ZmaH$s _ydm Aa CgH$s
OJh XOm V~ hr CnOo Aa AVa nS>o Vmo n{hbo ZaH$ {dfo AS>Vmbre KS>r H$m AVa nS>,o `h
AVa H$WZ AV`m_r Zo H$hm&&66&& Aa XOo ZaH$ AVa nS>o Vmo {XZ gmV, VrOo ZaH$ {XZ nh
MmWo ZaH$ _mg 1 nmMdo ZaH$ _mg 2 N>R>o ZaH$ _mg 4 gmVd| ZaH$ _mg N>h&&67&&
^mdmW - ZaH$ _| Oo ZmaH$s h, CZ _| KQ>-o ~T>o Zht& EH$ _ao EH$ CnOo Omo AVa nS>o Vmo BVZm
nS>,o `h {_`mVr _hmnmnr ~hV Ama^-n[aJh Ho$ YmaH$, {ZX`, _fmdmXr, naYZ, naXmam Ho$
haUhmao _hmbmo^r, AZVmZw~Y r, MmH$S>r H$m h CX` {OgHo$ _mg Amhmar _nmZr _Yw ^jH$
gmV `gZm| Ho$ godZohmao A`m` _mJu Aa bwQw >ao o {df XoZho mao ZaH$ Om` gmo ZaH$ XQ> _Zw` VWm
XQ> {V`M J{V nmdo EHo$r go bo MmBr n`V Vmo ZaH$ _| Z Om` nMo r hr Om` CZ _o| AgZr
Vmo n{hbo VH$ hr Omdo AmJo Z Omd&o Aa Ob Ho$ gn XOo ZaH$ VH$ Omd|&
Aa njr VrOo ZaH$ VH$ Omd&o Aa ^wOJ MmWo ZaH$ VH$ Omd|& Aa qgh nmMd| VH$ Omd| Aa
r N>R>o ZaH$ VH$ Omdo& Aa _Zw`m| _| nwf VWm _hm_N> gmVd| VH$ Omd|&&70&& gmVd| H$m
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{ZH$gm bJVm hr gmV _| Om` Vmo XQ> go XQ> {V`M hmo`, XOr dma gmV_o| ZaH$ EH$ ~ma Om` hr
h, Aa ZaH$ _o| Omdo Vmo Omdo& Aa N>R>o H$m {ZH$gm bJVm hr Om` Vmo XQ> _Zw` {V`M hmo` Xmo`
~ma Aa bJVm& Aa nmMdo H$m {ZH$gm bJVm hr nmM_| Om` Vmo XQ> Za VWm new hmo` Aa VrZ
~ma Aa bJVm Om`, Aa MmWo H$m {ZH$gm bJVm dhm hr Om` Vmo Mma ~ma \o$a Om` Aa Vrgao
H$m {ZH$gm Za {V`M hmo` VrOo hr Om`m H$ao Vmo nmM dma dht \o$a Om`, Aa XOo ZaH$ go {ZH$bVm
Om` Vmo XQ> _Zw` new hmo` Vmo N> ~ma XOo _| hr \o$a Om`& Aa n{hbo ZaH$ H$m {ZH$gm dhm hr
Om` XQ> _Zw` {V`M hmo` gmV dma \o$a bJVm hr Om` Vmo Bg ^m{V Om` Aa ZaH$m| {dfo Ord
AZVr ~ma Jò Aa Om`|J&o &73&&
Aa `h {Z`_ h {H$ gmVd| go {ZH$gm XQ> {V`M hmo` EH$ ~ma ZaH$ hr Om` Aa N>R>o H$m
{ZH$gm _Zw` hmo` Vmo hmod&o naVw g`_r Z hmo`& Aa nmMd| goo {ZH$gm VX^d _moj Z Omdo _w{ZdV
Yao Vmo Yao& MmWo Ho$ {ZH$go Ma_ earar hmod| Vmo hmod&| &73&& Aa n{hbo XOo VrOo go {ZH$go VrWH$a
hmod| Vmo hmod&o `h VrW}da H$s Amkm h&&74&& ZaH$ go {ZH$go nMo r {V`M Aa _Zw` hm|`, naVw
~bXod dmgwXdo MH$dVu Z hm|` ò dJ hr Ho$ AmE hm|`& Aa {_`mpQ> Vmo ZaH$ Ho$ {ZH$go {V`M
hr hmodo Aa _Zw` hm|` Vmo ^r hm|` Aa g`H$ pQ> nydb
o nmn go ZaH$ {dfo Jò ZaH$ go {ZH$g
Cm_ _Zw` hmo`| &&75&&
JmV_ dm_r amOm lo{UH$ go H$ho h - ho lo{UH$! AYmobmoH$ H$m {dVma _Zo gjno H$a VwPo
H$hm h& A~ _`bmoH$ H$m {dVma gjno H$a gwZmo&&76&& ~wYm H${hò {ddoH$s ^JdmZ Ho$ Oo dMZ
doB ^ò gd H$mer Xrn J{V`m| H$s H$m{V H$s `mo{V H$a gXm H$mb V $n hmo` h& H$hm H$a H$go
hmo` h MmX-gy` go AJmoMa Omo AYmobmoH$ H$m AYH$ma Cgo {Og dMZ $n XrnH$ Ho$ H$me go
Xa H$a nXmW H$mo XoIo h&
^mdmW - AYmobmoH$ {dfo MmX-gy` H$m H$me Zht _hm AYH$ma h gmo {Og dMZ XrnH$
Ho$ {~Zm Eogm AYH$ma {dfo dVw H$go ^mgo& {OZoda $n gy` Ho$ H$me H$a bmoH$mbmoH$ g~ hr
^mgo Vmo AYmobmoH$ nXmWm] Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$a AmM` h {H$ {OZ-gy` Ho$ CmoJ {dfo AkmZ
AYH$ma H$hm aho h&&77&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Zo{_nwamUgJho h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm AYmobmoH$gWmZZm_ MVwW
gJ g_m&&4&&
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nmMdm gJ
_`bmoH$ H$m dUZ

AWmZVa - _`bmoH$ H$m dUZ H$ao h `h _`bmoH$ ^r _` VZw dmVdb` Ho$ AV n`V {VR>m h& gw_o ndV bj `moOZ h gmo
CgH$s hOma `moOZ Vmo ndr _| OS> h& Aa {Z`mZdo hOma `moOZ D$Mm h gmo {OVZm gw_o D$Mm
h CVZr _`bmoH$ H$s D$MmB Aa {OVZr gw_o H$s OS> h CVZr _`bmoH$ H$s {ZMmB&&1&& Aa
_`bmoH$ {dfo Ag`mV rn Aa g_w h CZHo$ _` _| O~yrn h Aa Jmob h AmH$ma {OgH$m
g~ hr rn g_w Jmob dVwb
mH$ma h rn H$mo ~T>o h g_w, g_w H$mo ~T>o AJbm rn Cgo ~T>o AbJ
g_w Bg ^m{V Ag`mV rn g_w h Aa O~y Zm_m rn g~_| Am{X gmo O~y Zm_m dj H$a
emo^m`_mZ h&&2&&
`h O~yrn ~O Ho$ H$moQ> H$a dopQ>V AnZo {dVma H$a bdU g_w H$mo ne} h& Bg ^m{V
O~yrn H$m {dVma bj `moOZ H$m h&&1&& Aa gw_o {J[a Bg O~yrn Ho$ Zm{^ g_mZ _` {df
h&&1&& O~yrn H$s n[ajon H${hò X{jUm gmo `moOZ VrZ bmI gmobh hOma Xmo gm gVmBg Aa
H$mog VrZ YZwf EH$ gm AR>mBg AJb
w gmT>o Voah h, Aa O~yrn H$mo EH$ KZmH$ma H$[aE Vmo
`moOZ gmV gm H$mo{S> N>nZ bmI MmamZdo hOma EH$ gm nMmg hmo` Aa Bg O~yrn {dfo jo
gmVm| Ho$ Zm_ Aa {dVma AmJo H$h|J&o
gw_o EH$ 1 XodHw$, CmaHw$ Xmo Aa O~y VWm em_br Xmo dj Xmo Aa Hw$bmMb N>m, CZ
{dfo h N>m Aa CZ hm| {dfo MmXh _hmZXr 14 Aa {~^Jm ZXr ~mah Aa ~jma{J[a gmbh Aa
amOYmZr MmVrg Aa dVmS>` MmVrg Aa df^mMb MmVrg Aa 34 dVmS>`m| H$mo Jw\$m AS>gR> Aa
Zm{^ {J[a Mma Aa EH$ EH$ dVmS>` {dfo {dmYam| H$s nwar òH$ òH$ 110 gmo MmVrgm| H$s
nwar 3740 &&11&& BZ g~m| H$a `h O~yrn emoô h& `h {OVZo H$ho BZgo XZo YmVH$s IS> XOo
rn _| gmoho h, Aa {OVZo YmVH$s IS> _| CVZo hr nwH$amY _| OmZmo&&12&& `h AT>mB rnm| H$m
gjno `m`mZ {H$`m&
A~ O~yrn Ho$ gmV jom| Ho$ Zm_ gwZmo - n{hbm âV EH$ 1 XOm ho_dV Xmo 2 VrOm h[a
VrZ 3 MmWm {dXoh Mma 4 nmM_m a`H$ 5 N>R>m ha`dV 6 gmV_m EoamdV 7, gmo EoamdV Vmo gw_o
H$s Cma H$s Amoa h& Aa âV jo gw_o H$s X{jU Amoa h Aa Omo ò gmV jo H$ho h gmo BZ_|
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âVjo Ho$ {dVma go MmJUw m {dVma ho_~V H$m h EH$ Aa ho_dV go MmJUw m h[ajo H$m EH$ Aa
h[ajo go MmJUw m {dXoh H$m EH$ Aa {dXoh go MmWm ^mJ a`H$ H$m EH$ Aa a`H$ go MmWm ^mJ
hoa`dV H$m 1 Aa hoa`dV go MmWm ^mJ EoamdV H$m 1 âV H$m EoamdV H$m {dVma ~amo~a
h&&14&&
Aa N>h Hw$bmMbm| Ho$ Zm_ - {h_dZ 1 _hm{h_dZ 2 {ZfY 3 Zrb 4 _r 5 {eI[aUr 6&
gmo {h_dZ go MmJUw m _hm{h_dZ H$m h 1 Aa _hm{h_dZ go MmJUw m {ZfY 1 Aa {ZfY Zrb
~amo~a h 1 Aa Zrb go MmWm ^mJ _r 1 Aa _r go MmWo ^mJ {eIaUr 1 {h_dZ Aa
{eIaUr H$m {dVma ~am~a h 1 X{jU Ho$ Aa CmaHo$`m| H$m ~am~a h &&16&& Aa âV jo H$m
{dVma 526 `moOZ Aa ^mJ N>h Aa `moOZ H$m Omo CJZrg_m ^mJ, gmo H$bm H${hE, gmo `h jo
O~yrn Ho$ {dVma H$mo 190 ^mJ H$[aE Cg_| EH$ ^mJ h Aa âV jo go XZm {h_dZ ndV gmo
1052 `moOZ 12 H$bm Aa {h_dZ go XZm ho_dV jo gmoZ 2105 `moOZ Aa H$bm 5 Aa
_hm{h_dZ ndV 4210 `moOZ Aa H$bm 10 Aa h[a_jo 8481 `moOZ Aa H$bm 21 Aa
{ZfYmMb 16842 `moOZ Aa H$bm 2 Aa {dXoh jo 33684 `moOZ Aa H$bm 4 Aa ZrbmMb
16842 `moOZ Aa H$bm 2 Aa a`H$jo gmo 8421 `moOZ Aa H$bm&&1&&
Aa _r ndV 4210 `moOZ H$a H$bm 10 Aa ho_dV jo 2105 `moOZ H$a H$bm 5 Aa
{eIar ndV 1052 `moOZ H$bm 12 Aa EoamdV 526 `moOZ H$a H$bm 6 jo go XZm ndV Aa
ndV go XZm jo gmo `h {JZVr Vmo {dXoh jo VH$ h Aa {dXoh go AmYm Zrb Aa Zrb go AmYm
a`H$ Cggo AmYm _r Cggo AmYm ha`dV Cggo AmYm {eIar& Aa {eIar go AmYm
EoamdV&&19&&
A~ g jom| H$m {dVma {bIVo h&
Bg âV jo Ho$ _` EH$ {dO`m {J[a h, gmo CgH$s b~mB EH$ Amoa Vmo nyd Ho$ g_w VH$
h Aa EH$ Amoa npM_ Ho$ g_w VH$ h gmo {dmYam| Ho$ {Zdmg H$a emoô h&&20&& {dO`m ndr
go nrg `moOZ D$Mm h& Aa gdm N> `moOZ BgH$s ndr {df OS> h& Aa `h ndV $nm Ho$ dU
gw\w $o X h `moOZ 50 MmS >m h Aa ndr go Xg `moOZ D$Mo M{T>ò V~ Xmo {dmYam| H$s loUr h gmo
Xmo loUr H$m {dVma Xg Xg `moOZ MmS >m h Aa b~mB Vmo g_w n`V h&&21&& loUr Xmo` h CZ
{df EH$ X{jU loUr EH$ Cma loUr gmo X{jU {df ZJa 50 Aa Cma loUr {df ZJa 60 ò g~
hr ZJa gwanwa g_mZ h Aa BZ XmoZm| loUr go {\$a Xg `moOZ D$Mo M{T>ò Vhm A{^`moJ Om{V Ho$
Xodm| Ho$ H$sS>m `mo` Xg Xg `moOZ Xmo loUr h CZ {df AZoH$ ZJa h& {\$a nmM `moOZ D$Mo M{T>ò
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dhm Xg `moOZ Ho$ {dVma {dO`m Xod H$s nyU^ m Zm_ loUr h&&25&&
Aa {dO`m Ho$ D$na Zd {eIa h, CZHo$ Zm_ H$ho h - {gm`VZ 1 X{jUmYH$ 2
IS>Vmn 3 nyUM
4 {dO`m Hw$_ma 5 _{U^ 6 V{_JwhH$ 7 Cmam H$o 8 Aa Zd_m
dldU 9 ò ZdHy$Q> {J[a Ho$ {eIa gmoho h& {eIam| H$s D$MmB `moOZ 6 & Aa MmS >mB _yb {df Vmo
`moOZ 6& Aa _` {df MmS >mB `moOZ 5 qH${MV D$Z Aa D$na H$s MmS >mB `moOZ 3 H$Nw> BH$
A{YH$&&29&& n{hbm {gm`VZ Hy$Q> Cg_| nyd g_wI {OZoda H$m AH${_ M`mb` h, gmo
M`mb` nmZ H$mog D$Mm h, Aa AmYm H$mog MmS >m h, Aa EH$ H$mog b~m A{dZmer h&&31&&
âV jo Ho$ A^mJ {df {dO`m {J[a CZH$s `Mm H${hE {\$a CgH$m {dVma ~rM H$m 9738
`moOZ Aa H$bm 12 Aa Bg {\$S>M H$m bKw YZw nR> 9766 `moOZ Aa H$bm 1 Aa {dO`m H$m
_m{hbm ~mU 238 `moOZ Aa H$bm 3 Aa ~m[abm YZwn R> 10720 `moOZ Aa H$bm&&11&&
^mdmW - ~rM H$s Ordm Vmo 49766 `moOZ H$a H$bm 1, Aa ~mabr Ordm 1743 `moOZ Aa
H$bm 15 Aa {dO`m H$m ~mabm ~mU `moOZ 288 Aa H$bm 3 Aa {dO`m H$s My{bH$m H$m
KZH$ma `moOZ 486 qH${MV D$Z Aa {dO`m nyd npM_ XmoZm| Va\$ H$s ^wOm H$m _mU `moOZ
488 Aa H$bm 16 && Aa {h_dZ ndV H$s X{jU {Xem {df bKw Ordm 10471 `moOZ Aa H$bm
6 Aa {h_dmZ bKw YZwn R> 14528 `moOZ, Aa H$bm 11 &&41&&
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Aa H$bm 6 &&43&& Aa {h_dZ H$r nyd npM_ ^wOm H$m _mU 1892 `moOZ Aa H$bm&&7&& Aa
{h_dZ ndV D$Mm `moOZ 100 Aa ndr {df OS> `moOZ 25 Aa MmS >mB 1052 `moOZ Aa H$bm
12 {h_dZ H$s Ordm `moOZ 24000 Aa H$bm 1 Aa ~hXZw nR> 250230 `moOZ Aa 4 H$bm Aa
BgH$m ~mU 1578 `moOZ Aa H$bm 18 Aa Bg {J[a H$s My{bH$m H$m ^mJ 5230 `moOZ Aa 7
H$bm BgH$s ^wOm 5350 `moOZ Aa&&12&& H$bm&&51&& Aa Bg ho__`r {J[a Ho$ `mah {eIa
CZ_| n{hbm {eIa {gm`VZ Cg {df EH$ ^JdmZ H$m AH${_ M`mb` h&
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h Aa _yb {df MmS >o `moOZ 25 Aa _` {df MmS >o `moOZ&18& Aa AV {dfo MmS >o `moOZ12&&56&&
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3684 `moOZ Aa 4 H$bm&&59&& Aa h_dV jo H$s My{bH$m 6371 `moOZ Aa 7 H$bm&&60&& Aa
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Bg jo H$s ^wOm 6795 `moOZ Aa 3 H$bm&&61&& Bg jo go nao XOm ndV _hm{h_dZ gmo 4210
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Aa 4&& H$bm Aa BgH$s ^wOm 9276 `moOZ Ama 9&& H$bm, Amoa Bg ndV Ho$ {eIa AmR> $nm
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CgH$m {dVma `moOZ 8421 Aa 1 H$bm &&73&& Aa BgH$s Ordm `moOZ 73901 Aa H$bm 17
Aa Bg Ordm H$m YZwn R> 84016 `moOZ Aa H$bm 4 Aa BgH$m ~mU 16315 `moOZ Aa H$bm
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Aa ~mU 23157 `moOZ H$bm 17 Aa My{bH$m BgH$s 10127 `moOZ 2 H$bm ^wOm 20165 `moOZ
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{dVma VoVrg hOma N> gm Mmamgr `moOZ Aa 4 H$bm&&90&& Aa BgH$s Ordm bmI `moOZ Aa
YZwn R> 158113 `moOZ Aa 16 H$bm Aa BgH$m ~mU 50000 `moOZ Aa Bg {dXohjo H$s
My{bH$m 2921 `moOZ Aa 18 H$bm Aa BgHo$ ^wOm Xmo 16883 `moOZ Aa gdm Voah H$bm&
gmo `h Omo O~yrn Ho$ X{jUm H$m dUZ H$s`m, gmo hr Cmam H$m dUZ OmZZm& Omo dUZ
âV H$m gmo EoamdV H$m Aa Omo dUZ {h_dZ H$m gmo {eIar H$m Aa Omo dUZ ho_dV jo H$m gmo
hr ha`dV H$m Aa Omo dUZ _hm {h_dZ H$m gmo hr _r H$m h, Ama Omo dUZ {ZfY H$m gmo
hr Zrb H$m {dXoh VH$ Vmo XZo XZo Aa {dXoh go AmYm Zrb, Zrb go AmYm a`H$ Aa a`H$ go
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AmYm _r Aa _r go AmYm ha`dV Aa ha`dV go AmYm {eIar, {eIar go AmYm EoamdV

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VH$ Vmo XZ-o XZo ~T>Vo JE Aa {dXoh AmYo AmYo KQ>Vo JE&&97&&
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_{U H$mMZ Hy$Q> 8 & Bg ndV H$s D$MmB Ama {dVma Hy$Q>m| H$m _yb _` D$ {dfo _hm{h_dZ
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ha`dV Hy$Q> 3 gwaXodr Hy$Q> 4 aVmHy$Q> 5 b_rHy$Q> 6 gwdUH$y Q> 7 aVdVrHy$Q> 8 JJXo`mHy$Q> 9
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`moOZ {ZH$g H$a gmoho h& gmo nX_h go VrOo {V[JN>h VH$ Vmo XZr XZr b~mB MmS >mB OmZmo&
Aa {VqJN> go Ho$gar {dfo g~ {dVma AmYm Aa Ho$gar go _hm nwS>arH$ H$m AmYm Aa Cggo
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EH$ n` 1 Aa BZ_| lr 1 r 2 Y{V 3 Vmo gmY_ B H$s {Z`mo{JZr, 1 Aa H$s{V 4 ~w{ 5
b_r 6 BemZ B H$s `mo{JZr h& BZ Xo{d`m| Ho$ VrZ VrZ g^m Aa gm_m{ZH$ Xod BZHo$ godH$ 31
Aa nX_h Ho$ nyd {Xem Ho$ ma JJm {ZH$gr Aa {gYw, npM_ Ho$ ma {ZH$gr 2 amo{hV Cma Ho$
ma {ZH$gr&&32&& Aa XOm h _hmnX_ Cggo amo{hVm`m 4 Aa h[aV {ZH$gr 5, {V{JN> go
h[aH$mVm 6 erVmoXm {ZH$gr 7 Aa Ho$garh go erVm 8 ZaH$mVm {ZH$gr 9 Aa _hmnwS>arH$ go Zmar
10 Aa $`Hy$bm {ZH$gr 11 Aa nwS>arH$ go gwdUH$bm 12 aVm aVmoXm {ZH$gr 13 {ZO mam|
H$a ò ZXr {ZH$gr do ma aZm| Ho$ VmoaUm| H$a XXr`_mZ h&&35&&
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CZ_| ^mJ VrZ brOo 1 O~ JJm nX_h go {ZH$gr V~ {h_dZ ndV n 500 `moOZ Vmo nyd H$s
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EH$ dO_B ndV h gmo ndV 10 `moOZ D$Mm h Aa _yb {df| 4 `moOZ Aa _` {df| 2 `moOZ Aa
AV {df| EH$ `moOZ MmS>m h {\$a Cg ndV Ho$ {eIa {df| EH$ dO _` _pXa gmoho h& gmo dh
_pXa _yb {df Vmo 3000 YZwf MmS>m h _` {df 2000 YZwf MmS>m h Aa {e{Ia {df| 1000
YZwf MmS>m h& CgHo$ D$na aZ_B _hmH$m{V g`wV EH$ JJm Zm_ Hy$Q> h CgH$m {dVma bmoH$
_| H$ho h AVo nMeVm`m_ VXMm{n {dVa&
{ghYZw Vw J {^{VdO _ ` J h _ & &57&&
Aa {eIa {df| nmM gm YZwf b~m h Aa AT>mB gm YZwf Ho$ {dVma h Aa Xmo hOma YZwf
D$Mm h gmo Eogm dO_B _pXa gmoho h&&47&& {\$a Cg _pXa Ho$ dO H$nmQ> Zm_m dO_B ma gmoho
h& dh Xdma 80 YZwf D$Mm h Aa 40 YZwf MmS >m h&&48&& Aa dh JJm ZXr Cg Hw$S> H$s X{jU
Amoa Om` H$a {dO`m H$s Jw\$m {df| AQ> `moOZ Ho$ {dVma hmoVr ^B, gmo {dO`m {J[a H$s Jw\$m
go {ZH$g MmXh hOma Z{X`m| g{hV gmT>o ~mgR> `moOZ Ho$ nmQ> H$mo$ Yao b~U g_w H$s nyd {Xem
H$s Amoa doe H$aVr ^B gmo doe H$aUo H$m ma nmZ m MmamZdo `moOZ D$Mm h Aa AmYm `moOZ
AmoS| >m h Aa gmT>m ~mgR> `moOZ MmS >m h Aa VmoaUm| H$a g`w V h&&50&&
Bg ^m[V gd H$ma JJm H$s aMZm g_mZ qgYw ZXr H$s aMZm OmZZr, Aa {dXoh n`V g~
Z{X`m| H$s MmS >mB ~m Zrd VmoaU go XZo XZo OmZZr Aa MmS >mB ^r g~ Z{X`m| H$s XZr OmZZr& Aa
CZ Z{X`m| Ho$ WmZH$ {dfo {XHw$_mar Xodr h do `Wm WmZH$ {df| ~go h&&52&& {\$a Omo amo{hVm`m
Zm_m ZXr h gmo ndV na Xmo gm {N>hma `moOZ Om`H$a ndV go lrXodr Ho$ _pXa {df| m hmoVr
^B&&53&& dhm go {ZH$g 1605 `moOZ gyYr Om`H$a Zm{^{J[a H$s XjUm XoH$a npM_ Ho$ g_w
_| doe H$aVr ^B&&54&& {\$a amo{hVm Zm_m Omo ZXr h, gmo ^r amo{hVm`m g_mZ _mU H$mo {bò
nyd Ho$ g_w _| doe H$aVr ^B& Oo N>h Cma {Xem H$s ZXr h CZH$s aMZm X{jU H$s Z{X`m| Ho$
g_mZ OmZmo& `Wm`mo` n[admam{X aMZm g_mZ OmZZr&&56&& dhm JJm, amo{hVm, h[a, grVm, Zmar,
gwdUH$y bm, aVm ò g ZXr Vmo nydJ m{_Zr h Aa qgYw, amo{hVm`m, h[aH$mVm, grVm, ZaH$mVm,
$`Hy$bm, aVmoXm `h g ZXr npM_ {Xem Ho$ g_w H$s Amoa doe H$ao h&&57&&
gH$b {dXohjo H$m {dVma 33684 `moOZ Aa 4 H$bm h& gw_o ndV H$s nydm}ma {Xem Aa
grVm ZXr H$s nyd {Xem Aa ZrbmMb Ho$ g_rn O~y dj H$m Wb h&&58&& gmo O~y dj Ho$ Wb
Ho$ D$na Mm{JaX aZm| H$m H$moQ> h gmo H$moQ> Xmo H$mog D$Mm h, Aa 500 YZwf MmS >m h, Aa dj H$m
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Wb _yb {df| {dVma H$mog 500 Aa _` {df| H$mog 8 Aa D$ {df H$mog Xmo&&59&& Om~Zy X
H${hò dU_`r `h dj CgH$s nr{R>H$m D$Mr H$mog AmR> Aa _yb {df| {dVma H$mog 12 Aa _`
{dfo H$mog 8 Aa D$ {dfo H$mog 4 Aa dj H$m {dVma _yb {df| H$mog EH$& Aa noS > H$s D$MmB
`moOZ Xmo Aa ndr {df| OS> H$mog Xmo Aa emIm H$m {dVma `moOZ AmR>&&60&& `h dj aZ_`r
ndrH$m` h& _hm H${hò _moQ>m h noQ> {OgH$m Aa dO_`r emIm h {OgH$s Aa gmoho h $nm_B
n {OgHo$ Aa _{U_B nwn Aa \$b CgH$s {H$aUm| H$a AHy$ao \$b aho h&&61&& Aa A`V
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{Xem {OgZo n{hbr Omo nr{R>H$m H$m dUZ {H$`m Cg {df| O~dy j
H$m H$me $n gmoho h& ndr
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H$s Va\$ Mma ~S>o S>mbo h, CZ_| Cma H$s Amoa Ho$ S>mhbo Ho$ {df| ^JdmZ H$m _{Xa h Aa VrZ
S>mhbm| na Xo{d`m| Ho$ {Zdmg h&&61&&
`h dm ndrH$m` h aZ_`r OS> h Aa h[aV _{U_B noS > h AmaV H$m|nb `m dj
H$m
aZ_B hr {dVma h& Aa O~y dj Ho$ ZrMo Vrg `moOZ MmS >o Aa nMmg `moOZ D$Mo AmXa Aa
AZmXa Zm_m Xmo` Xodm| Ho$ _pXa h& do Xod Bg dj Ho$ A{YR>mVm h&&62&& {\$a h_dV h[aa`H$
ha`dV BZ Mma jom| Ho$ _` Mma ndV lmdmZ 1 {dO`dmZ 2 nX_dmZ 3 JYdmZ 4 ò Mma
ndV h&&63&& gmo EH$ hOma `moOZ Vmo D$Mo h& Aa _yb {df| 1000 `moOZ MmS >o h Aa _` {dfo
750 `moOZ Aa {eIa {dfo 500 `moOZ MmS >o h&&64&& gmo amo{hVm amo{hVm`m Am{X XoH$a Omo Xmo
ZXr h, do nyd- npM_ H$s Va\$ ndV go AmY `moOZ Cao X{jUm XoH$a g_w _| m hmo` h Ogo
grVm grVmoXm ZXr _o {J[a H$s X{jUm XoH$a g_w H$mo m hmo` h Vgo BZ ndVm| H$s X{jUm
XoH$a ZXr g_w _| doe H$ao h& {\$a BZ ndVm| Ho$ {eIa na _pXa h, CZ {df| dmVr 1 AU
1 nX_ 1 ^mg 1 ò `Va Xod ~go h&&65&&
{\$a O~yrn {dfo jo ndV ZXr Am{X aMZm nmBE h CZgo XZr KmVH$r IS> dm nwH$am
{dfo aMZm nmBE h&&66&& Aa g`mV rn Omd| V~ EH$ Aa O~y Zm_m rn h gmo Cg rn {dfo
^r nyd} H$ho Omo `Va CZHo$ ZJa nmBò h&&67&& {\$a _o Aa Zrb ndV Ho$ ~rM Vmo CmaHw$
^moJ^y{_ h {\$a _o Aa {ZfY ndV Ho$ _` XodHw$ ^moJ^y{_ h gmo CZ ^moJ ^y{_`m| H$s MmS>mB
H$m _mU 11842 `moOZ Aa 2 H$bm, {\$a CZH$s Ordm 53000 YZwf Aa {VZH$m YZwnR>
46018 `moOZ Aa 12 H$bm&&69&& Aa ^moJ ^y{_ H$s dmr H${hò MmS>mB 71043 `moOZ Aa
4 H$bm&&70&& `hm EH$ `moOZ H$s Zd H$bm brZr CZ_| Mma H$bm Aa {dXoh jo H$m {dVma
33684 `moOZ Aa 4 H$bm&&71&&
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Aa gw_o H$s nyd Aa Cma {Xem Ho$ _` ^mJ {dfo Aa grVm ZXr Ho$ nyd H$s Amoa ZrbmMb
Ho$ g_rn O~dy j
H$m Wb h&&72&& gmo Wb Ho$ D$na Mm{JX _hm gwXa aZm| H$s doXr h, gmo 500
YZwf MmS >r Aa Xmo H$mog D$Mr&&73&& Cg Wb H$m [dVma AYmo ^mJ {df| 500 H$mog Aa _`
{dfo H$mog 8 Aa AV {dfo H$mog Xmo `h Wb H$s MmS >mB H$hr&&74&& gwdU_` dh Wb CgH$s
nr{R>H$m H$mog D$Mr AmR> Aa MmS >r _yb {dfo 12 H$mog Aa _` {dfo AmR> Aa AJ^mJ {dfo H$mog
4 &&75&& Aa CgH$s Mm{JX AYmo AYmo H${hE ZrMo ZrMo N>h _{U doXr h Aa CZHo$ D$na òH$
òH$ nX_doXr h&&76&& gmo O~ydj
_yb {dfo EH$ H$mog Ho$ {dVma h Aa noS > {dfo D$MmB Xmo
`moOZ h& Aa ndr {dfo D$S>m Xmo H$mog h Aa BgH$s emIm H$m {dVma 8 `moOZ h&&77&& Aa
nmfmU_B h noS > {OgH$m Aa dO H${hò hram CZ _B Vmo emIm CZ H$a emo{^V h Aa gmoho h
$nm_B n {OgH$o CZ H$a emo{^V h Aa _{U_B h nwn Aa \$b {OgHo$&&78&& Aa aV _{U
_B nbdm| H$m Omo g_yh Cg H$a AmaV H$ar h {Xem {OgZo, gmo n{hbr nr{R>H$m H$m dUZ {H$`m
h Cg {dfo `h O~y dm H$m H$me $n gmoho h&&79&&
gmo `h dj ndrH$m` h dZn{VH$m` Zht& ZmZm H$ma emImAmo H$a emo[^V `h dj h
CgHo Mmam| ~S>o S>mhbo h&&80&& CZ_| Cma Ho$ S>mhbo {dfo ^JdmZ H$m AH${_ AX^Vw M`mb`
h Aa CgHo$ VrZ S>mhbm| _o| AmXa Aa AZmXa Zm_m Omo Xod CZHo$ {Zdmg h& O~dy j
Ho$ AYmo^mJ
Vrg `moOZ Ho$ {dVma Aa nMmg `moOZ D$Mo BZ XmoZm| Ho$ Xmo _pXa h&&82&& Aa do{XH$m Ho$ ^rVa
gmV {XemAm| Ho$ {df| gmV YmZ dj h CZHo$ n[adma Ho$ aZ dj OmZm|& Mma {\$a EH$ gm AmR>
{\$a Mma hOma {\$a gmobh hOma {\$a ~Vrg hOma {\$a Mmbrg hOma {\$a AS>Vmbrg hOma Omo
gmV YmZ dj CZH$m n[adma Bg AZwH$ _ go&&84&&4&&,108&& 4000&&16000,32000&& 40000&&
48000 BVZo dj Ê& gd dj EH$ H$[aò Vmo EH$ bmI 40 hOma EH$ gm CZrg Ê 140119
BZ_o gmV YmZ dj ^r Am JE h&&86&&
{\$a gw_o Ho$ X{jU Aa npM_ Ho$ ^mJ {dfo Aa erVmoXm ZXr Ho$ nhbo nQ> {df| {ZfYmMb
Ho$ g_rn em_br dj H$m Wb gmoho h&&87&& Ogm O~dy j
H$m Wb, dgm hr em_br dj H$m
Wb OmZm|& ò XmoZm| ndrH$m` h& Aa BZHo$ n[adma Ho$ dj gd hr ndrH$m` h& Ogm dUZ
O~ydj
H$m {H$`m, dgm hr em_br dj H$m OmZZm&&88&& em_br dj H$s X{jU {Xem H$s
emIm {dfo ^JdmZ H$m AH${_ M`mb` h& Aa CgH$mo VrZ emIm {dfo ~oUw Aa doUYw mar Zm_m
Xodm| Ho$ {Zdmg h&
Ogm dUZ AmJo AmXa Aa AZmXa H$m {H$`m h dgm hr BZ XmoZm| H$m OmZm|&&89&& Ogo
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CmaHw$ Ho$ A{YR>mVm AmXa AZmXa h, dgo XodHw$ Ho$ A{YR>mVm doUw Aa doUYw mar OmZm|&&89&&
Ogo CmaHw$ Ho$ A{YR>mVm AmXa AZmXa h dgo XodHw$ Ho$ A{YR>mVm doUw Aa doUYw mar
OmZm|&&90&& Aa ZrbmMb go X{jU {Xem {dfo EH$ hOma `moOZ grVm ZXr Ho$ nyd VQ> {dfo
{MHy$Q> Aa {d{MHy$Q> Zm_m ndV h&& 91&& Aa {ZfYmMb Ho$ Cma {Xem {df| grVmoXm ZXr Ho$
XmoZm| VQ>m| _| `_Hy$Q> Aa _oKHy$Q> Xmo ndV h&&92&& ò Zm^{J[a Ho$ g_mZ h& Aa BZH$o {eIam| {dfo
Xodmo Ho$ _pXa h Omo Hy$Q>m| H$m Zm_ gmo hr Xodm| H$m Zm_ ZrbmMb go nmM gm `moOZ ZrbdmZ Xh
h EH$ CmaHw$ Hy$Q>, XOm MHy$Q>, VrOm EoamdV Hy$Q>, MmWm _m`dmZ Hy$Q>, ò Xh Z{X`m| H$o _`
h& EH$ go Xgao H$m AVa 500 `moOZ h&&93&& do X{jU Ho$ g_w go Cma Ho$ g_w VH$ b~o h
nX_ Xh g_mZ BZH$s XrKVm h&&94&& Aa {ZfYmMb H$s CVa H$s Amoa ZXr {dfo {ZfY Zm_ Xh
h EH$ XOm XodHw$ VrOm gy` MmWm Ib` Aa nmMdm V{S>V^&&96&& ò Xg Xh aZm| H$a
{M{V h VQ> {OZHo$ Aa ò g~ hr dO_b
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{df EH$ EH$ H$_b CgH$s H${UH$m EH$ H$mog {dVma _| h, Aa EH$ EH$ H$_b _b Ho$ g_rn
òH$ òH$ EH$ bmI Mmbrg hOma EH$ gm gVah H$_b Aa EH$ EH$ Xh Ho$ g_wI Xg Xg
ndV gmoho h H$mdZ Hy$Q> h Zm_ {OZHo$ grVm grVmoXm Z{X`m| H$o VQ> {dfo h&&100&& ò g~ hr
H$MZ{J[a g_mZ h& gm `moOZ D$Mo MmS >mB _| Aa _yb {df| Vmo gm `moOZ Aa _` {df| nMhma
`moOZ MmS >o h Aa {eIa {dfo nMmg `moOZ MmS >o h& CZHo$ D$na EH$ EH$ ^JdmZ H$s AH${_
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_o g~Yr hOma H$MZ{J[a Ê, CZ_| hOma {V_m h&&3&& Aa BZHo$ {eIa {df| Xodm| Ho$ H$rS>m
Jh h, CZ_| H$mMZ Zm_m Xod H$sS>m H$ao h&&4&& `h Vmo grVm ZXr Ho$ Cma VQ> Ho$ Hy$Q> H$ho&
A~ X{jU {Xem Ho$ Hy$Q> gwZmo - CZHo$ Zm_ nX_moma Hy$Q> EH$, ZrbdZ Hy$Q> Xmo& `h Vmo gw_o
ndV go nyd {Xem H$r Aa erVmoXm H$o X{jU VQ> {df| dpVH$ Zm_m Hy$Q> AOZ{J[a Zm_m Hy$Q> {\$a
gw_o Ho$ X{jU VQ> {df| AOZ Zm_m Hy$Q> EH$, Aa erVmoXm Ho$ X{jU VQ> {dfo Hw$_X Zm_m Hy$Q> Aa
gw_o go npM_ {Xem {dfo nbme Hy$Q> {\$a grVm Ho$ npM_ VQ> {df| AdVg Zm_m Hy$Q> Aa gw_o
go Cma {Xem {df| amoMZ Zm_m Hy$Q> Aa EH$ H$MZ{J[a EH$ gw_o g~Yr 205 Xmo gm nmM _o
g~Yr 1000 OmZmo BZ {dfo Xod {XJOo ~go h&&9&& Aa gw_o ndV go npM_ Aa Cma Ho$
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^mJ {df| JY_mXZ Zm_m ndV h gmo gwdU _B g~ Amoa gwXa h Aa _o Ho$ nyd Aa Cma {Xem
{df| _m`dmZ ndV h gmo dS>y `_ {U_B _hm`mo{V$n A{V gwXa gmoho h&&11&& Aa gw_o H$r nyd
H$s Aa X{jU H$r Amoa gm_Zg Zm_m ndV h Aa n{hbm H$moU {df| VmògmoZm_` {dwV^ Zm_m
ndV h Aa Omo JOXV b~mB MmS >mB _| H$MZ{J[a Ho$ g_mZ h&&12&& do ZrbmMb Aa
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Vrg hOma Xmo` gm Zd `moOZ Aa 6 H$bm Aa Mmamo g_mZ h&&14&& Aa EH$ Ho$ {eIa gmV XOo
Ho$ Zd, VrOo Ho$ gmV, MmWo Ho$ Zd, CZ_o n{hbm JY_mXZ CZHo$ {eIa CZHo$ Zm_ H$ho h {gm`VZ, JY_mXZ, CmaHw$, JY_m{bZr, bmo{hV, \${Q>H$, AmZX, ò gmV Hy$Q> JY_mXZ
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CgHo$ {eIa Zd {gm`VZ, {dwV^, XodHw$, nX_H$, VnZ, dpVH$, gVmodb, grVmoXmHy$Q>,
20 h[aeX Hy$Q> ò ZdHy$Q> {dwV^ Ho$ H$ho& BZ Zd Hy$Q>m| H$s D$MmB {J[a H$s OS> g_mZ OmZm|
gmo `{X nmM gm `moOZ {J[a D$Mm Vmo gdm gm `moOZ H$s OS> OmZmo& Aa BVZm hr D$Mm {eIa `h
{ZM` OmZmo&&22&&
`h Mma JOXVm| Ho$ ~mrg {eIa H$ho& CZ_| Mmam| Ho$ Mmamo {gm`VZ CZ_| Vmo ^JdmZ Ho$
Mma AH${_ M`mb` h Aa Hy$Q>m| {df| Xod H$sS>m H$ao h& Aa Mmam| hr JOXVm| Ho$ _` Ho$ Xmo
Hy$Q> gmo Mmam| Ho$ AmR> ^ò& CZ_| AmR> {XHw$_mar ~go h& CZHo$ Zm_ ^moJH$am, ^moJdVr, gw^moJm,
^moJ_m{bZr, dgw[_m, gw{_m, dm[afoUm, AMbmdVr, `h AmR> {XHw$_mar h&&26&&
AWmZVa - EH$ _o g~Y r gmobm djma{J[a CZHo$ Zm_ H$ho h& {MHy$Q>, nX_Hy$Q>,
Z{bZHy$Q>, EH$eb ò Mma ZrbmMb Aa grVm ZXr Ho$ AV VH$ b~o h& ò Vmo nyd {dXoh Ho$ H$ho
h&&28&& Aa {Hy$Q>, dldU, AOZ Aa Am_mOZ, ò Mma grVm Aa {ZfYmMb H$mo Ogo ne}
Eogo b~o h&&29&& Aa lmdmZ, {dO`dmZ, Amer{df, gwImdh&&30&& ò Mma npM_ {dXoh
{dfo AnZr b~mB H$a erVmoXm Aa {ZfYmMb H$mo ne} h&&31&& M_mb, gy_ mb, Zm__mb,
Aa _oK_mb - ò Mma erVmoXm Aa ZrbmMb Ho$ _` {VR>o h&&32&& ZXr Ho$ VQ> {dfo BZ
djma{J[a`m| H$s D$MmB `moOZ nmM gm Aa gd BZH$s D$MmB Mma gm `moOZ OmZm|&&33&& EH$ _o
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g~Y r gmobh djma OmZmo gmo nmM _o g~Y r Agr OmZmo gmo BZ djmam| Ho$ _VH$ {dfo {eIa
h& CZ_| Hw$bmMbmo Ho$ Zm_ go Omo Hy$Q> h CZ {dfo {XHw$_mar Xodr ~go h&
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b~m h Aa ZmZm H$ma Ho$ dj
Aa dobm| H$a âm ZrbdU gmoho h XmoZm| ^mJm| {dfo b~mB ~mBg
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T>mB gm `moOZ&&37&& êmb Ho$ nyd npM_ _| b~r do{XH$m H${hò {^Vr gmo EH$ `moOZ D$Mr
h& Aa Xmo H$mog MmS >r h Aa EH$ H$mog Am|S>r h Aa ZrbmMb go JhdVr Zm_m {d^Jm ZXr grVm
{dfo Om` {_br Aa X`dVr Aa nH$dVr ^r, ò djma{J[a Ho$ AVa {dfo {VR>r h& Aa VObm
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Om` {_br jramoXm moVmdm{hZr ò VrZ {d^Jm {ZfYmMb go {ZH$gr Aa erVmoXm _| {_bt&&41&&
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ò {d^Jm ZXr Ho$ _mU H$a amo{hVm ZXr g_mZ ò {d^Jm _hmZXr go {_br&
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336000 hmodo Aa djma{J[a ndVm| Ho$ _` grVm Aa erVmoXm XmoZm| Z{X`m| Ho$ VQ> {dfo nyd Aa
npM_ Ho$ _`dVu g{dXoh h &&44&& CZHo$ Zm_ H$jm, gwH$jm, _hmH$jm, H$jH$mdVr, AmdVm,
_JbmdVr nwH$bm, nwH$bmdVr, `h AmR> {dXoh grVm ZXr Aa ZrbmMb Ho$ AVam` {dfo X{jU
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nyd {dXoh grVm ZXr {ZfYmMb Ho$ _` h X{jU Cma b~o h EH$ EH$ jo N>h IS>m| H$a `wV
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g[aVm&&49&& `h AmR> nyd {dXoh erVmoXm Aa {ZfYmMb Ho$ _` h X{jU Aa Cma b~o h Aa
dm, gwdm, _hmdm, dH$mdVr, JYm, gwJYm, JYbm, JY_m{bZr `h AmR> npM_ {dXoh
ZrbmMb erVmoXm Ho$ _` {VR>o h ZrbmMb go erVmoXm n`V b~o h Aa EH$ EH$ {dXoh Ho$ N>h
N>h IS> gmo N>h IS> H$m am` MH$dVu H$ao Aa dmgwXdo VrZ IS> H$m am` H$ao Aa EH$ EH$
jo H$m 2213 `moOZ, `moOZ Ho$ AQ> ^mJ KmQ> `h nydm na {dVma MmS >m h&
Aa gH$b {dXoh H$m {dVma 33684 `moOZ Aa 4 H$bm h Cg_| go grVm ZXr H$m {dVma
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`moOZ 500 KQ>m`m V~ {dXoh H$m {dVma 33184 `moOZ Aa Mma H$bm ahm CgH$m AmYm 16592
`moOZ Aa Xmo` H$bm gmo jo H$s b~mB gmo Omo djma ndV Aa {d^Jm ZXr CZH$s b~mB OmZmo&
Aa ~mrg {dXohm| _| ~mrg {dO`m go EH$ {dXoh {OVZr MmS >mB CVZr hr {dO`m {J[a H$s
b~mB gmo Ogm âVjo Aa EoamdV jo Ho$ {dO`m H$m dUZ {H$`m dgm hr ~mrg {dO`m H$m
dUZ OmZmo, g~Ho$ dZ dm {eIa nrg-nrg `moOZ D$Mo dhr gH$b dUZ h BVZm {deof Omo
âV EoamdV Ho$ {dO`m H$s Xmo loUr CZ_| X{jUloUr H$s ZJar nMmg Aa Cma loUr H$s gmR>
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ar{V Bg_o KQ>o dYo Zht Aa {dXohm| _| gXm EH$ ar{V h gmo hr EH$ ar{V dhm Ho$ {dO`mm] _| h&
Aa `hm Ho$ {dO`m _| _hmdra dm_r go bo _hmnX_ dm_r Ho$ g_` VH$ Am`w df 120
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nyd Am`w Aa eara nmM gm YZwf D$Mm BgHo$ {gdm` {dmYam| _| KmQ> dmT> Zht, gmo {dXoh Ho$
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`hm ogR> ebmH$m nwf CnOo h& CZH$s amOYm{Z`m| Ho$ Zm_, jo_m, j_nwar, A[aQ>m, A[aQ>mnwar
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nX_mdVr, ew^m, aZgM`m, `h AmR> amOYm{Zò djm{XH$ AmR> {dXohm| _| AZwH$ _ go H$hr
h&&61&& ò Aa Adnwar, qghnwar, _hmnwar, {dO`mnwar AaOm {daOm, AemoH$m, drVemoH$m `h
AmR> amOYm{Z`| nX_m{XH$ {dXohm| H$s h &&63&& Aa {dO`m, dO`Vr, O`Vr, Anam{OVm MH$,
IJm, dm A`mo`m `h AmR> dm{XH$ AmR> {dXohm| H$s H$hr h&&64&&
`h g~ hr nw[aò X{jU Cma H$s Amoa b~r ~mah `moOZ Aa nyd npM_ b~r Zm `moOZ gwdU
_B h H$moQ> Aa VmoaU {OZHo$ Aa BZ nw[a`m| Ho$ hOma hOma ~S>o XadmOo Aa nmM gm N>mQo >o XadmOo
Aa 700 gm {IS>H$s Aa ZmZmH$ma aZ O{S>V _hm _Zmoha h H$nmQ> {OZHo$ Aa hOma MmhQ>o Aa
12000 Jbr, Eogm BZ nw[a`m| H$m {dVma h&&67&& `h ZJa AZm{X {ZYZ h {dXoh jo {dfo
b`H$mb Zmht& AnZm AnZm Am`w nyU H$a mUr _ao h naVw jo H$s gXm EH$ ar{V h jo H$s
ar{V nbQ>o Zmht, Aa ZrbmMb Ho$ OS>, {ZH$Q> Hw$S> h CZ_| go {ZH$gr H$N>m{XH$ Xoem| _| JJm Aa
{gYjo {V Xmo Xmo ZXr h, {dO`m {J[a H$mo Jw\$m H$mo CbK grVm ZXr _o doe H$ao h, ndV H$s
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MmS >mB g_mZ Jw\$m H$s b~mB h Aa AmR> `moOZ D$Mr h Aa ~mah `moOZ MmS >r h Aa nMmg
`moOZ b~r h& Aa EH$ EH$ {J[a {V Xmo Xmo Jw\$m h&&68&&
Aa JJm H$mo Am{X bo gmobh ZXr âV jo H$s JJm g_mZ h Aa aVm aVdVr Am{X ò
gmobh ZXr {ZfYmMb go {ZH$gr Aa grVm _| doe H$aVr ^B& `h ^r JJm{X gmobh _mU h gmo
`h ~mrg gm ZXr nyd{ dXoh {dfo h& Aa npM_ {dXoh {dfo ^r dgr hr Cgr _mU do hr Zm_ ò
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b~o Aa 75 YZwf D$Mo h&&84&& Aa {VZ N>mQo >o _pXam| Ho$ XadmOo 6 YZwf MmS>o Aa 12 YZwf D$Mo
h Aa {OZH$s Ztd 4 YZwf D$S>r h&&85&& `h bKw _pXa H$ho CZgo {JwU dm {JwU _` _{Xam|
H$s b~mB D$MmB OmZm| Aa _` _{Xam| go CH$Q> _{Xam| H$s {JwUr hr OmZm| Aa XadmOm| H$m
{dVma ^r Bgr hr ar{V go h Aa XadmOm| H$s Ztd D$S>mB XZr hr OmZmo&
BZ Jhm| _o|o _mbmdm| H$s nVr Aa H$Xbr Am{X dm Aa ojmJh 1 ^moOZJh 2 g^mJh 3
drUmJh 4 J^Jh 5 bVmJh 6 {MJh 7 AmâUJh 8 `h _hma_Ur` Jh h&&87&& Aa _mohZ
WmZ Zm_m _hma_UrH$ aZ_B Jh gmoho h, BZ _{Xam| _| {H$a qH$nwf Am{X `Va Xod H$sS>m H$a|
h Aa _pXam| _o \${Q>H$ _{U _B Aa _yJ m _{U_B Aa ZmZmH$ma _{U _B AZoH$ H$ma Ho$ _Zmoha
AmgZ h gmo Xodm| Ho$ {damOZo H$mo gmoho h CZ AmgZm| Ho$ Zm_ hgmgZ 1 H$mMmgZ 2 _wS>mgZ 3
_H$ameZ 4 qghmgZ 5 JS>mgZ 6 XrKmgZ 7 B`m{X Xodm| Ho$ _Z haUhmao aZ_B a_UrH$
qghmgZ gmoho h& &90&&
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Aa O~y rn H$r OJVr Ho$ Mmam| {Xem Mma XadmOo h, CZHo$ Zm_ - {dO` 1 dO`V 2 O`V
3 Anam{OV 4&&91&& gmo EH$ EH$ XadmOm AmR> AmR> `moOZ D$Mm Aa Mma `moOZ MmS >m ZmZm
H$ma Ho$ aZm| H$a XoXr`_mZ gmoho h {OZH$o XoXr`_mZ dO _B `wJb H$nmQ> h&&92&& BZ {dO`m{X
XadmOm| H$s _m{hbm {\$S>M òH$-òH$ BVZr OmZm| 70710 `moOZ H$a VrZ H$mog 1424 YZwf
VrZ hmW BH$Vrg AJb
w h, Aa Bg {\$S>M H$m YZwf nR> 79056 `moOZ VrZ H$mog 1532 YZwf
Aa gmV AJb
w &&96&& Aa Mmam| XadmOm| _| nana AVa {OVZm YZwn Q> H$m H$hm Cgr _mU Mma
`moOZ KmQ> OmZmo& `h XadmOm| H$m AV AV`m_r Zo H$hm&&97&&
Aa Bg {dO` Zm_ ma H$m manmb {dO` Zm_m Xod CgH$m ZJa Bg O~y rn go g`mV rn
g_wm| Ho$ nao XOm O~y rn h CgH$s nyd {Xem {dfo gmoho h dh nwfdo{XH$m H${hE H$moQ> H$s ^r{V
Cg H$a _{S>V ~mah hOma `moOZ Ho$ {dVma gmoho h, ZJa _hm _Zmoha A{V AX^Vw gd Amoa gwXa
Mma VmoaUm| H$a g` w V h, Cg ZJa Ho$ H$moQ> H$s ^r{V AmR> `moOZ H$m VrOm ^mJ AJ {dfo MmS >r
h Aa Cggo MmJUw r _yb {dfo MmS>r h D$Mr gmT>o gVrg `moOZ h& Aa CgH$s Ztd AmYo `moOZ
D$S >r h Aa Cg ZJa Ho$ EH$ EH$ {Xem {V nMmg XadmOo h gmo XadmOo gdm BH$Vrg `moOZ MmS>o
h Aa gmT>o ~mgR> `moOZ D$Mo h Aa XadmOo Ho$ D$na gVah IUm _hb h gmo _hb gwdU_` h,
gd aZ_` h Aa XadmOm| Ho$ _` Xodm| Ho$ CnOZo H$m WmZ h gmo WmZH$ 1200 `moOZ H$m MmS>m
h Aa EH$ H$mog H$m _moQ>m h CgHo$ Mm{JaX ^r{V Xmo H$mog H$s D$Mr Aa nmM gm YZwf MmS >r h Mma
VmoaUm{X H$a g`w V h 103 Aa XadmOo _mU ZJa Ho$ _` _hb h CgH$m ma AmR> `moOZ D$Mm
Aa Mma `moOZ MmS>m h CgH$m dm_r {dO`Zm_m Xod h gmo XadmOm dO_{U _B h Aa CgHo$ _{U
dU Ho$ H$nmQ> h Mmam| {Xem {df| Cg g_mZ _pXa h {\$a CgHo$ AmJo Mmam| Va\$ Xgao _S>b _|
dgo aZ _B _hb h CgHo$ AmJo Vrgao _S>b _| nyd _mU _pXa h Aa MmWo _S>b _| Mmam| {Xem
{df| Vrgao _S>b _mU _pXa h&&7&&
Aa nmMd| _S>b _| MmWo _S>b Ho$ _mU go A _mU _pXa h& Aa N>R>o _S>b {df| nmMd|
_S>b _mU h Aa CnOZo Ho$ _pXa H$s do{XH$m Vw` Xmo` _S>b {dfo doXr h Aa Vrgao MmWo _S>b
H$s doXr CZgo AmYr h Aa nmMd| N>R>o _S>b {df| CZgo AmYr h Aa {dO`Xod Ho$ _pXa {dfo
Cdb M_a N> g{hV VrZ qghmgZ h Aa _pXa H$m nyd H$s Amoa _wI h&&10&& Aa CVa
{Xem _| N>h hOma gm_m`H$ Xod h Aa {d{Xemdm| _| N>h nQ>am{Z`m| Ho$ AmgZ h&&11&& Aa nyd
{Xem _| Aa X{jU {Xem _| AmR> hOma _m{hbr g^m Ho$ Xod ~go _` H$s X{jU {Xem H$s g^m
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Ho$ Xg hOma Xod ~go h Aa ~mabr g^m Ho$ ~mah hOma Xod CZHo$ {Zdmg npM_ Aa X{jU _|
h Aa npM_ {Xem _| gmVm| goZm Ho$ _hma ~go h&
Aa Mmam| {Xem _o AR>mah hOma AJ ajH$ Om{V Ho$ Xod ~go h Aa CZHo$ AR>mah hOma AmgZ
h Aa AR>mah hOma Xodr {dO`Xod Ho$ N>h nQ>amUr {gdm` h Aa {dO` Xod H$m EH$ n` H$Nw>`H$
A{YH$ Am`w h&&17&& Aa {dO` Xod Ho$ _{Xa go CVa {Xem {df| gwY_m Zm_m g^m h dh N>h
`moOZ b~r Aa VrZ `moOZ MmS >r Aa Zd `moOZ D$Mr Aa CgH$s EH$ `moOZ H$s AmS>r Ztd h&
{\$a Cma {Xem {df| gwY_m g^m g_mZ {OZ _{Xa h Aa npM_ Cma {dfo CnmX g^m h&&19&&
Aa A{^foH$ g^m h Aa AbH$ma g^m h Aa `dgm` g^m h `h g~ g^m gwY_m g^m Ho$
g_mZ OmZm|&&20&& Aa {dO`Xod Ho$ _pXa {df| nmM hOma Mma gm gmR> _pXa h Aa {dO` Ho$
nwa go Mmam| {Xem {dfo nrg `moOZ JE Mma dZ h&&22&&
CZ_| n{hbm AemoH$ dZ XOm gnU VrOm MnH$ MmWm Am_dZ&&23&& gmo `h dZ ~mah
~mah hOma `moOZ b~o Aa nmM nmM gm `moOZ MmS>o h&&24&& {VZHo$ _` _yb dj AemoH$
gnU Aa MnH$ Aa Am_ `h Mma YmZ V h BZHo$ Zm`H$ `h Mma dZ h Aa O~y dj Ho$
nrR> go BZH$m AmYm nrR> h CZH$s Mmam| {Xem _| aZ_B {OZ{V_m h gmo AemoH$m{X Xodm| H$a ny`
h&&25&& AemoH$ dZ H$s CVa nyd {Xem _| AemoH$nwa ZJa h dhm AemoH$Xod H$m _pXa h gmo
{dO`Xod Ho$ _pXa _mU h Aa gnU dZ go nyd H$s Amoa gnU Zm_m nwa h dhm H$m dm_r
gnUZm_m Xod h CgH$m _pXa AemoH$ Ho$ _pXa g_mZ h&
Aa MnH$dZ go X{jU npM_ {Xem {df| MnH$nwa h CgH$m dm_r MnH$Zm_m Xod h CgH$m
_pXa CZH$s _mU OmZm| Aa Am_dZ go npM_ CVa {df| Am_naw h CgH$m A{Yn{V Am_Zm_m
Xod h, CgH$m _pXa CZHo$ _mU OmZmo&&30&& `h O~y rn Ho$ nyd {Xem Ho$ {dO`Zm_m manmb H$m
dUZ {H$`m, Cgr ^m{V dO`V O`V Anam{OV VrZm| Xodm| H$m dUZ OmZmo Am`w, H$m`, ZJa
{d^y{V, n[adma Mmam| manmbm| H$m g_mZ OmZmo&&31&&
`h O~y rn H$m gjno go dUZ {H$`m& Bg O~y rn H$mo d|T> H$a Omo bdU g_w {VR>m h gmo
Xmo bmI `moOZ MmS >m h O~y rn Ho$ H$moQ> ImB g_mZ bdU g_w h gmo do{XH$m g`w V h&&32&& Cg
bdU g_w H$s X{jUm nh bmI B`mgr hOma EH$ gm CZVmbrg `moOZ H$Nw> D$Z h Aa
AR>mah hOma Zm gm {Vhma H$mo{Q> N>`mgR> bmI CZgR> hOma N> gm `moOZ _mU bUd g_w {dfo
H$sUH$ OmZZo&&34&& Aa Xm hOma `moOZ ZrMo D$na {dVma MmS >m h& Aa hOma `moOZ AmS>m
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h Aa `mah hOma `moOZ emdVm ndr go D$Mm aho h&&35&& Aa VQ> go nMmZd| hmW Jò EH$
hmW D$Mm h Aa nMmZd| `moOZ Jò EH$ `moOZ D$S>m h Aa AmJo nMmZd| WmZH$ Om` dhm gmobh
`moOZ gmobh hmW Aa gmobh AJb
w D$Mm h&&37&&
ewbnj Ho$ nh {XZm| _o nmM hOma `moOZ g_w H$m Ob dYo h Aa H$Unj _| KQ>o h V~
`mah hOma `moOZ ah Om` h&&38&& VrZ gm VVrg `moOZ Aa EH$ `moOZ H$m Vrgam ^mJ
ewbnj _| {V {XZ ~Yo h Aa H$Unj _| {V {XZ BVZm hr KQ>o h Aa do{XH$m Ho$ {ZH$Q> AV
{dfo _Ir Ho$ nI g_mZ h dhm AmY `moOZ D$Mm ~Yo h, Xmo gm N>`mgR> YZwf Xmo hmW gmob
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AJb
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h&&41&& Aa AYmo^mJ {dfo g_w moUr Ho$ AmH$ma h Aa H$me {dfo {dVrU h AWdm OwS >r hB
Xmo Zmd Ho$ AmH$ma h AWdm `dH$s am{e Vw` h&&42&&
Aa OJVr H${hò doXr Cggo 95000 `moOZ Jò g_w Ho$ ~rM Mma {Xem _| Mma nmVmb H$be
h CZHo$ Zm_ nyd {Xem _| nmVmb H$be 1 npM_ {Xem _| ~S>dm_wI 2 X{jU {Xem _| H$X~H$
3 Cma {Xem _| ny`Ho$ga 4 ò nmVmb H$be _yb {dfo Aa AV {dfo 10000 `moOZ MmS >o h Aa
_` {dfo bmI `moOZ MmS >o h Aa bmI `moOZ D$S>o h Aa ò H$Ob g_mZ nmVmb H$be CZH$s
_moQ>mB 500 `moOZ H$s h Aa VoVrg hOma VrZ gm VoVrg `moOZ Aa EH$ `moOZ H$m Vrgam ^mJ
BVZm CVZm EH$ EH$ H$be H$m EH$ EH$ ^mJ h Eogr VrZ VrZ ^mJ EH$ EH$ H$be {dfo h gmo
D$nabo ^mJ _| Ob h Aa _` {dfo Ob ndZ XmoZm| h Aa _yb {dfo Ho$db ndZ h ndZ H$m D$Mm
ZrMm d^md h gmo ndZ D$Mm Amdo V~ Ob D$Mm MT>o Aa ZrMm ndZ hmo` V~ Ob ZrMm Amdo
ewb nj _| Ob D$Mm Omdo Aa H$U nj _| Ob ZrMm Omdo Aa BZ nmVmb H$bem| _| AVamb
nana Xmo` bmI gmmBg hOma EH$ gm nmZm BH$hma `moOZ h&
ewb nj {dfo nyU_ mgr Ho$ {XZ Ob nyU ~T>hma h Aa A_md`m Ho$ {XZ gdWm Ob H$s
KQ>dmar h `h Vmo Mma {XemAm| Ho$ nmVmb H$be H$ho&&51&& Aa Mma {d{XemAmo _| N>mQo >o nmVmb
H$be Mma, _w` Aa _yb {dfo 1000 `moOZ MmS >o Aa 1000 `moOZ b~o _` _| Xe hOma
`moOZ MmS >o h Aa CVZo hr D$S>o h Aa 50 _rb BZH$s _wQ>mB h Aa EH$ EH$ _o| VrZ VrZ ^mJ h
Aa Cgr Va\$ Ob ndZ nmBE h&&53&& Aa EH$ EH$ ^mJ 3333 `moOZ Aa EH$ `moOZ H$m VrOm
^mJ h Eogo VrZ ^mJ h Aa BZ {XemAm| Ho$ H$bem| H$m AVamb 113085 `moOZ Aa EH$ `moOZ
Ho$ AmR>d| ^mJ {Xem Ho$ H$bem| go {d{XemAm| Ho$ H$bem| H$m AVamb h Aa BZ AmR>m| H$bem| Ho$
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AVamb {dfo _mo{V`m| H$s npV H$s ZmB ~rM _| hOma N>mQo >o H$be h Vo hOma N>mQo >o H$be hOma
`moOZ D$S>o Aa _` {dfo hOma `moOZ MmS >o _yb {dfo Aa _wI {dfo 100 `moOZ MmS >o h&
Aa BZ N>mQo >o H$bem| H$m AVamb nana 125 `moOZ H$m h Aa ~S>o H$bem| go AVamb 778
`moOZ Aa EH$ H$mog H$Nw>H$ A{YH$ h Aa `h jw H$be Aa ~S>o H$be `Wm`mo` Ob Ho$ dmh
H$a g`w V h Aa g_w Ho$ VQ> go 42000 `moOZ nao OmBò dhm Mmam| {Xem _o Xmo Xmo ndV h do hOma
hOma `moOZ D$Mo h&&60&& CZ_| n{hbm nyd {Xem H$m Om nmVmb H$be CgH$s XmoZm| Va\$ Xmo ndV
EH$ H$m Zm_ H$mVw^ Xgao H$m Zm_ H$mV^^mg `h $nm_B h Aa AmYo KS>o Ho$ AmH$ma h Aa
BZHo$ A{YR>mVm Xmo Xod h CZHo$ Zm_ CXJ Aa CXdmg CZ Xodm| H$s {d^y{V {dO`Xod H$s {d^y{V
g_mZ OmZmo&&61&& Aa X{jU {Xem H$s Va\$ H$X~H$ Zm_m H$be Ho$ XmoZm| Va\$ CXH$ Aa CXmg
Zm_m ndV h CZHo$ A{Yn{V {ed Aa {edXod h&&62&&
Aa npM_ H$s Amoa ~mS>d _wI H$be Ho$ XmoZmo Va\$ eI Aa _hmeI Zm_m ndV h gmo eI
g_mZ Cdb h CZHo$ A{Yn{V Omo Xod CZHo$ Zm_ CXH$ Aa Cmg h &&63&& Aa MmWm Cma {Xem
H$s Amoa `ynHo$ear Zm_m H$be CgHo$ XmoZm| Va\$ Xmo ndV h CZHo$ Zm_ CXH$ Aa Cmg h CZHo$
dm_r bmo{hV Aa bmo{hVmH$ Zm_m Xod h& BZ Xodm| H$s {d^y{V {dO`Xod g_mZ OmZmo Aa BZ ndVm|
H$m nmVmb H$be go AVa 116000 `moOZ H$m h&&66&& Aa BZ ndVm| Ho$ {eIa {dfo ZmJHw$_ma
Xod bdU g_w Ho$ dobYa CZ_| Xodm| H$m {Zdmg h&&67&& bdU g_w H$s A`Va H$s Va\$ VaJm|
Ho$ YaUhmao 420000 Xod h CZH$m {Z`moJo h 72000 ZmJHw$_ma Xod Ob H$s ~mh` VaJUr H$mo Yao
h Ob H$sS>m {dfo h A{V AmXa {OZH$m&&68&&
Aa 28000 ZmJHw$_ma Xod Ob Ho$ AJ H$s {eIm H$mo Ymao h&&69&& Aa g_w H$s npM_
{Xem _| 12000 `moOZ OmBò dhm EH$ JmV_ Zm_m rn 12000 `moOZ Ho$ {dVma h Cg_| JmV_
Zm_m {J[a h CgH$m JmV_ ZmJm Xod A{Yn{V h gmo {d^y{V H$a H$mVw^ Zm_m Xod g_mZ h Aa Bg
JmV_ Zm_m rn {dfo Hw$^moJ ^y{_`m _Zw` h CZ_| nyd {Xem _| Vmo BH$Q>J o _Zw` h Aa X{jU {Xem
{df| gtJ dmbo h Aa npM_ {Xem {dfo nyN > dmbo h& Aa Cma {Xem _| dMZ a{hV h Aa Mmam|
{d{XemAm|o _| gwgm H$go H$mZ dmbo h Cma Aa X{jU H$s H$moU {dfo Ad_wI Aa qgh_wI
h&&73&& Aa AmJo XmoZm| Va\$ gwgm Ho$ H$mZ dmbo Aa gtJ dmbo h Aa dmZ_wI Aa ~Xa _wI
nyN > dmbo h& BZ_| {dO`m H$s XmoZm| Va\$ JyJ m Aa gwgm Ho$ H$mZ dmbo Aa Jmo_I
w Aa _|T >m Ho$ _wI
dmbo h&&75&& Aa {h_dmZ ndV H$s nyd {Xem _o| {~Owbr g_mZ _wI dmbo Aa npM_ {Xem _|
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`m__wI h Aa {eIar ndV H$s nyd {Xem _| _oK_wI h Aa npM_ {Xem _| {~Owbr g_mZ _wI
h Aa {dO`m Ho$ XmoZmo AV {dfo XnU _wI h Aa JO_wI h&
`h Mm~rg AVa rn h CZ_| Hw$^moJ ^y{_`m h&&78&& Aa {Xem _| nmM gm `moOZ Om` Aa
{d{XemAm| _| ^r nmM gm `moOZ nao Om` dhm AVa {Xem _o nMmg rn h& do N>h gm `moOZ MmS>o
CZ_| ndV h gmo {Xem _| ndV gm `moOZ H$m {dVrU h Aa ndV g~Y r nrg `moOZ {Xem
{d{Xem Ho$ ~rM {d{Xem _| nMmg `moOZ H$m MmS >m rn h gmo ndV nMmZd| ^mJ Vmo Ob {df D$S>m
h Aa Ob go EH$ `moOZ D$Mm h Aa ~oXr H$a g`w V h Aa Cgr ^mJ H$mo gmobh ^mJ H$m gmobh
JwUm H$[aò V~ D$na Ob dopQ>V ZrMbm jo Aa D$nabm jo Ob g`w V h&&81&&
bdU g_w Ho$ _` OoVo O~y rn Ho$ {ZH$Q>dVu rn h VoVo hr YmVH$s IS> Ho$ {ZH$Q>dVu
bdUmoX{Y g~Y r rn Ho$ {ZH$Q> OmZmo CZ_o AQ>mXe Hw$b Hw$^moJ ^y{_`m Ho$ h CZ gd H$m EH$
n` Am`w h CZ_| BH$ Q>J o Vmo Jw\$m _o ~go h Aa _mQ>r H$m ^moOZ H$ao h Aa g~ djm| Ho$ _yb {dfo
~go h Aa \$b nwn Ho$ Amhmar h Aa EH$ {XZ H$o AVa h ^moOZ {OZH$m Aa do _aH$a `Va
Aa ^dZdmgr Xod hmo` h&84&& Aa O~y rn g_mZ g_w H$m H$moQ h,> CgHo$ A`Va {ebmnQ>Q>
h Aa ~mha dZ H$s npV h&&85&& O~yrn H$o {dVma go bdU g_w H$m {dVma MmJUw m h Cg_|
VrZ `moOZ KmQ> AVa _S>b gyMr h Aa rn g_w H$s nmM bmI `moOZ H$s gyMr h Cg_| g_w
H$s gyMr Xmo bmI `moOZ MmS>r gmo KQ>mBò, V~ VrZ bmI `moOZ ahm CgH$mo MmJZw m H$[aE V~
~mah bmI `moOZ ^`m, Cgo Xmo bmI g_w H$s MmS >mB go Jw{ZE V~ Mm~rg bmI `moOZ hmo`& Eogo
bmI bmI `moOZ O~y rn _mU bdU g_w _| Mm~rg IS> g_mdo h Aa YmVH$s IS> _| O~y rn
g_mZ EH$ gm Mm~rg bmI IS> g_md| h&&88&&
Aa H$mbmoX{Y _| N>h gm ~hma IS> g_mdo h Aa nwH$am rn {dfo Xmo hOma AmR> gm Agr
O~y rn _mU IS> g_md| h&& 89&& Ogo O~y rn H$mo bdU g_w ~oT >o h dgo bdU g_w H$mo
YmVH$s IS> ~oT >o h& gmo YmVH$s IS> rn Mma bmI `moOZ H$m MmS >m h Jmob AmH${V h CgH$s
Am`Va H$s gyMr nmM bmI `moOZ H$s h Aa _` gyMr Zm bmI `moOZ H$s h Aa ~mh` H$s
gyMr Voah bmI `moOZ H$s h&&90&& Aa YmVH$sIS> H$s X{jUm nh bmI B`mgr hOma EH$
gm CVmbrg `moOZ H$s h&&91&& `h Vmo Am`Va H$s gyMr H$s X{jUm H$hr Aa _` gyMr H$s
X{jUm AR>mBg bmI N>`mbrg hOma nMmg `moOZ H$s h Aa ~mh` gyMr H$s X{jUm
BH$Vmbrg bmI Xe hOma Zm gm BH$gR> `moOZ H$s h&&93&& Aa YmVH$sIS> rn {dfo Xmo _hm_o
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h EH$ nyd H$s Amoa, EH$ npM_ H$s Amoa, Aa XmoZm| hr BdmH$ma ndV h EH$ X{jU Amoa h EH$
Cma H$s Amoa h do XmoZm| hOma hOma `moOZ MmS>o h Aa Mma Mma bmI `moOZ b~o h Aa Mma Mma
gm `moOZ D$Mo h Aa gm gm `moOZ H$s CZH$s Ztd h&&95&&
Aa O~y rn {dfo âVm{X jo g Aa fQ>H$w bmMb ndV h, gmo YmVH$s IS> {dfo âVm{X Xmo,
CZHo$ MmXh jo Aa Hw$bmMb Xmo Xmo CZHo$ ~mah Hw$bmMb EH$ _o g~Y r gmV gmV jo Aa N>
N> Hw$bmMb h gmo Xmo _o g~Yr XZo OmZmo&&96&& Aa Oo O~y rn {dfo n{hbr ndV ZXr h CZHo$
Zm_ H$ho dhr Zm_ Bhm| Ho$ OmZmo `hm EH$ dhm Xmo& Aa D$MmB _o Aa MmS >mB _| Vmo dhm ndVm{X
`hm Ho$ g_mZ Aa MmS>mB {JwUr {dVma OmZmo do ndV Aa jo _` H$s Va\$ Vmo nò Ho$ Amam
Ho$ AmH$ma Aa ~mhabr Va\$ Iwano Ho$ AmH$ma h&&98&& gmo YmVH$sIS> rn EH$ bmI AR>hma
hOma AmR> gm 42 `moOZ Vmo âVm{X jo ndV H$a H$m h&&99&&
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ha`dV Aa âV _mU EoamdV H$m {dVma OmZmo&&3&& Aa Omo Hw$bmMbm| H$m {dVma O~y rn
{dfo H$hm Cggo XZm YmVH$sIS> {dfo OmZmo dhm ~mah Hw$bmMb h Aa nwH$am rn {dfo ^r ~mah
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AWdm g_w {nN>bo go Am{Jbm XJZm XJZm A{YH$ {dVma h EH$ amOy _| Ag`mV rn g_w
h&&31&& _o Ho$ A^mJ go d`ây _U g_w Ho$ _` 75000 `moOZ OmBò dhm AmY amOy H$m
A {dVma hmo` h& Bgr ^m{V gd OmZmo dmH$s nmd amOy _| Ag`mV rn g_w h&
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AZmdV Zm_m Xod h 1 Ama bdU g_w H$m A{Yn{V dpVH$ Xod h 1 Ama YmVH$s IS> Ho$ ZmW
Xmo EH$ ^mg XOm {`XeZ 1 Aa H$mbmoX{Y Ho$ A{Yn{V Xmo, EH$ H$mb XOm _hmH$mb Ama
nwH$arn Ho$ Zm`H$ nX_ Ama nwS>arH$ Aa _mZwfmoma Ho$ ZmW Mjw_mZ, Aa dgwMjw&&35&&Aa
nwH$amoX{Y Ho$ A{Yn{V lr^ Aa lrda Aa dmUrdarn H$o n{V dU Aa dU ^ Aa
dmUrda g_w Ho$ dm_r _` Aa _`mJ Aa jradarn Ho$ n{V nmS>w a Aa nwnXV&&37&& Aa
jramoX{Y Ho$ Be {~_b Aa {d_b^ Aa KVda rn Ho$ A{YR>mVm gw^, _hm^&&38&& Aa
KVda g_w Ho$ Zm`H$ H$ZH$, H$ZH$^ Aa Bjwdarn Ho$ n{V nyU Aa nyU ^ Aa Bjwda g_w
Ho$ dm_r JY Aa _hmJY Aa ZXrda rn Ho$ n{V ZXrda Aa ZX^ Aa ZXrda g_w
Ho$ YZr gw^ Aa ^ Aa dUrn Ho$ ajH$ dU Aa dU^&&41&& dUda g_w Ho$ dm_r
gwJY Aa gdJY Zm_m Xmo Xod OmZmo Bg ^m{V rnm| Ho$ Aa g_wm| Ho$ Xmo Xmo A{YR>mVm Xod H$ho
h EH$ X{jU H$m A{Yn{V EH$ Cma H$m A{Yn{V h&&42&&
Aa AmR>dm ZXrda rn CgH$m {dVma EH$ gm VaogR> H$mo{Q> Mmamgr bmI `moOZ OmZmo
OJV H$m rnH$ Omo gdk drVamJ Xod CgZo `h gdrn g_wm| H$m {dVma H$hm h Aa ZXrda
rn Ho$ ^rVa H$s X{jUm EH$ hOma N>mrg H$mo{Q> ~mah bmI Xmo hOma gmV gm VaonZ `moOZ
{OZda Xod Zo H$hr Aa ~m{habr X{jUm ZXrdarn H$s Xmo hOma ~hma H$mo{Q> VoVrg bmI
MmdZ hOma EH$ gm Z~o `moOZ h&&47&& Cg ZXrda rn H$o _` Mmam| {XemAm| {dfo Mma
AO
Z{J[a h do òH$ òH$ Mmamgr hOma `moOZ D$Mo Aa BVZo hr MmS >o h Aa hOma `moOZ
CZH$s OS> ndr {dfo h do Mmam| T>mb
o Ho$ AmH$ma h Aa {d{MVm H$mo Yao h dO_{U H$m h _yb
{OZH$m Aa ^m H$a XoXr`_mZ h do Mmam| AOZ{J[a _hm _Zmoha h& &49&&
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do ndV gwdU_{y V Aa `m_ {eIam| Ho$ YmaH$ h CZH$m H$m{V Xem| {Xem {dfo {dVma ahr h
Aa BZ ndVm| go bmI `moOZ OmBE V~ Mmam| H$moU {df| MmoH$y Q>r Mma dm{nH$m h do AZm{X{ZYZ
h&&51&& ghXb H$_b g{hV _hm _Zmoha h \${Q>H$_{U g_mZ h Cdb Ob {OZH$m Aa ZmZm
H$ma _{U_B h {gdmZ {OZHo$ Aa {OZ_o ObMa Ord Zht Ho$db WmdaH$m` h Aa dm{n`m| H$s
Mm{JaX ^r{V h Aa do dm{nH$m hOma hOma `moOZ D$S>r h Aa bmI `moOZ b~t h Aa bmI
`moOZ H$s MmS >r h EH$ EH$ dm{nH$m O~y rn g_mZ OmZmo&&53&& CZHo$ Zm_ ZXm 1 ZXdVr 2
ZXmomam 3 ZXKmofm 4 `h Mma dm{nH$m nyd {Xem Ho$ AOZ{J[a g~Yr H$hr&&54&& CZ_| ZXm _o
Vmo gmY_ B H$sS>m H$ao h Aa ZXdVr {dfo BemZ B H$sS>m H$ao Aa ZXmomam {dfo AgwaHw$_mam|
H$m B M_ao H$sS>m H$ao h Aa ZXKmofm {dfo AgwaHw$_mam| H$m XOm B damoMZ H$sS>m H$ao
h&&55&&
Aa X{jU {Xem Ho$ AOZ{J[a g~Yr {dO` 1 dO`Vr 2 O`Vr 3 Anam{OVm 4 `h Mma
dm{nH$m nyd ZXm Am{X _mU H$hr CZht _mU OmZmo CZ {dfo B Ho$ bmoH$nmb H$sS>m H$ao h
{dO`m {dfo gmo_ dO`Vr {dfo dU O`Vr {dfo `_ Anam{OVm {dfo Hw$doa `h Mmam| bmoH$nmb
BZ {dfo brbm H$ao h&&56&& Aa npM_ {Xem H$s AOZ{J[a g~Yr `h Mma dm{nH$m CZHo$ Zm_
AemoH$m 1 ~wm 2 Hw$_wXm 3 nwS>arH$Zr 4 `h Mma Mmamo| Amoa h CZ_| n{hbr {dfo dUw Zm_m Xod,
XOr {dfo ZmJHw$_mam| H$m dm_r YaUt Aa VrOr {dfo ZmJHw$_mam| H$m B $nmZX H$sS>m H$ao h,
Aa MmWr {dfo ZmJHw$_mam| H$m dm_r ^yVmZX H$sS>m H$ao h Aa Cma {Xem Ho$ AOZ{J[a g~Y r `h
dm{nH$m Mma CZHo$ Zm_ ^H$am 1 gw_Zm 2 AmZXm 3 gwXeZm 4 `h Mma CZ_| BemZ B Ho$ Mma
bmoH$nmb brbm H$ao h ^H$am {dfo dU gw_Zm {dfo `_ AmZXm {dfo gmo_ gwXeZm {dfo
Hw$doa&&60&&
`h Mma hr AOZ{J[a g~Y r gmobh dm{nH$m H$hr& BZ dm{nH$mAmo|o _| 65045 `moOZ ^rVa H$m
nana AVa h Aa _` H$m AVa 104602 `moOZ h Aa dm[abm AVamb 223661 `moOZ
h&&63&& Aa Mma AOZ{J[a g~Y r `h gmobh dm{nH$m H$hr CZHo$ _` gwdU_B gmobh X{Y_wI
ndV h CZHo$ {eIa $nm_B h CZ ndVm| H$m hOma hOma `moOZ H$m H$X h Aa Xe Xe hOma
`moOZ D$Mo Aa BVZo hr MmS >o T>mb
o Ho$ AmH$ma X{Y_wI {J[a h Aa dm{nH$m H$s Mmam| Amoa Mma dZ
h do bmI bmI `moOZ b~o Aa nMmg nMmg hOma `moOZ MmS >o h, nyd {Xem H$s Amoa AemoH$ dZ
h Aa X{jU H$s Amoa gnU dZ npM_ H$s Amoa MnH$dZ Aa Cma H$s Amoa Am_dZ h&&38&&
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Aa BZ dm{nH$mAm| Ho$ H$moU Ho$ g_rn a{VH$a ndV h do Vm`m dU g_mZ T>mb
o Ho$ AmH$ma
h CZH$s 250 `moOZ H$s Ztd h Aa hOma hOma `moOZ b~o h Aa BVZo hr MmS >o h BVZo hr D$Mo
h do g~ ~mrg h EH$ EH$ AOZ {J[a g~Yr Mma Mma X{Y_wI Aa AmR> AmR> a{VH$a gmo Mma,
AOZ{J[a g~Yr gmobh X{Y_wI Aa ~mrg a{VH$a h& `h Mma {Xem {dfo ~mdZ ~mdZ ndV
h EH$ EH$ {Xem {dfo Voah Voah ndV h BZ ~mdZ ndVm| {dfo ^JdmZ Ho$ ~mdZ M`mb` h EH$
EH$ {J[a {df| EH$ EH$ M`mb` h CZ M`mb`m| H$a do ndV _hmn{d h {J[a`m| Ho$ {eIa na
M`mb` h CZHo$ nyd H$s Amoa _wI h Aa 100 `moOZ b~o Aa 50 `moOZ MmS >o h Aa 75 `moOZ
D$Mo h Aa M`mb`m| Ho$ ma AmR> `moOZ D$Mo h Aa Mma `moOZ MmS >o h Aa Mma hr `moOZ H$s
Ztd h EH$ EH$ Xodb Ho$ VrZ ma h, do ZXrda rn Ho$ ~mdZ M`mb` Xodm| H$a ny` h CZ {dfo
aZ_B nmM gm YZwf H$s ^w H$s {V_m {damOo h&
CZ M`mb`m| {dfo \$mJwZ AmfmT> H$m{VH$ H$s AR>mB {dfo {ZV{V Bm{XH$ Xod Cgmh g{hV
nyOm H$ao h Aa gmobh dm{n`m| Ho$ dZ 64 CZ_| ZmJHw$_ma Xodm| Ho$ Mmg R> _pXa h Omo dZ H$m Zm_
gmoB Xodm| H$m Zm_ Aa Xodm| Ho$ _pXa ~mgR> `moOZ D$Mo Aa BH$Vrg `moOZ b~o Aa BVZo hr MmS>o
Aa CZHo$ mam| H$m _mU nyd H$hm hr h Cg _mU OmZmo&&80&& Aa ZXrda rn Ho$ nao Aa
AUrn Aa AU__w h, gmoo _hm AYH$ma g`w V h gmo ~h_ dJn`V AYH$ma h Cg
g_w Ho$ ~mh` AmR> _XJ mH$ma `m_ n{V KZmH$ma h, Cg g_wH$ nma AnG${ Ho$ YmaH$
XodJb ^y{b Om` h Bggo _hmG${dmZ Xodm| Ho$ gmW Om` h&&81&&
Aa Hw$S>b{J[a rn {dfo Hw$S>b{J[a ndV h gmo Jmob h ndZ H$s am{e Ho$ Vw` h Cg ndV
H$s hOma `moOZ H$s Ztd h Aa {~`mbrg hOma `moOZ D$Mm h _{U`m| Ho$ g_yhH$a XoXr`_mZ h
gmo ndV _yb {dfo 10220 `moOZ MmS >m h Aa _` {dfo 7161 `moOZ MmS>m h Aa AJ^mJ {dfo
Mma hOma N>`mZdo `moOZ (4096) MmS >m h Cg ndV na Mmam| {Xem _| Mma Mma Hy$Q> h gmo g_V
gmobm Hy$Q> CZ_| gmobh Xod h nyd {Xem {df| {eam Zm_m Xod h Aa XOm dO^ Zm_m Hy$Q> h Cg
{dfo nM{ga ^ Zm_m Xod ~go h Aa VrOm H$ZH$Hy$Q> Cg {dfo _hm{gam Zm_m Xod ~go h Aa MmWm
H$ZH$ ^Zm Hy$Q> h Cg {dfo _hm^wO Zm_m Xod ~go h `h Mma Vmo nyd {Xem Ho$ H$ho Aa X{jU
{Xem {dfo aOVm Zm_mHy$Q> h 1 Cg {dfo nX_Zm_m Xod ~go h Aa aOV^Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfo
nX_momaZm_m Xod ~go h Aa gw^Zm_m Hy$Q> {dfo _hmnX_Zm_m Xod ~go h, _hm^ Zm_m Hy$Q> {dfo
dmgwH$s Xod ~go h&
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`h Mma X{jU {Xem Ho$ H$ho Aa npM_ {Xem _| AH$Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfo X`mH $ Zm_m Xod
h Aa Omo AZV^Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfo _hmpWa Xod ~go h Aa _{UHy$Q> {dfo lrdjXod h Aa
_{U^ {dfo dpVH$ Xod h `h npM_ {Xem Ho$ H$ho Cma {Xem {dfo \${Q>H$Zm_m Hy$Q> h Cg {dfo
gwXaXod h Aa Omo \${Q>H$Zm_m Hy$Q> h Cg {dfo {dembmj h Aa _mho ^Zm_m Omo Hy$Q> Cg {dfo
nmS>w H$ Zm_m Xod h {h_dmZ Hy$y Q> {dfo nmS>w a Zm_m Xod h ò Cma{Xem Ho$ H$ho, ò gH$b 16 ZmJHw$_ma
Omo Xod h CZH$s EH$ n` H$s Am`w h do AnZo Hy$Q>m| Ho$ _hbm| _o {damOo h Aa Cg Hw$S>bmMb
Ho$ _VH$ {dfo nyd npM_ {Xem _| Hw$S>b rn Ho$ Xmo Xod A{Yn{V {VR>o h Aa Hy$Q> H$s D$MmB
`moOZ EH$ hOma H$s h 1000 Aa _yb {dfo MmS>mB ^r 1000 `moOZ H$s h Aa _` {dfo MmS>mB
750 `moOZ H$s h Aa C {dfo MmS>mB 500 `moOZ H$s h Cg ndV na Mmam| {Xem _| Mma {OZ_pXa
h do AOZ{J[a H$o g_mZ h& &93&&
Aa Voahdm {MH$darn CgH$o _` {MH${J[a Zm_m ndV h gmo ~b`mH$ma Jmob h&&94&&
gmo {MH$a{J[a hOma `moOZ ndr {dfo D$S>m h Aa Mmamgr hOma `moOZ D$Mm h Aa `mbrg
hOma `moOZ MmS >m h&&95&& Aa Cg ndV na Mmam| {Xem {dfo Mma Hy$Q> h, do Hy$Q> hOma `moOZ MmS $o
h Aa nmM gm `moOZ D$Mo h CZ Hy$Q>m| Ho$ Zm_ - nyd {Xem {dfo ZmdVZm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfo nX_moma
Zm_m Xod ~go h Aa X{jU {Xem {dfo dpVH$ Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfo dhVr Zm_m Xod h Aa
npM_ {Xem {dfo lrdj Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfo ZrbH$ Zm_m Xod h Aa Cma {Xem {dfo d_mZ Hy$Q>
Cg {dfo AOZ Zm_m Xod h ò Mma {Xnmb Xod h BZH$s n`mon_ Am`w h&&98&& Aa Cgr ndV
{dfo nyd {Xem {dfo AmR> Hy$Q> h do AJbo Hy$Q> _mU CZ_| {XHw$_mar Xod dao h Aa dS>y ` Hy$Q> {dfo
{dO`mXodr h Aa H$mMZ {dfo dO`Vr Aa H$ZH$ {dfo O`Vr, A[aQ> {df| Anam{OVm Aa {XHy$Q>
{df| ZXm Aa dpVH$ZXZ Hy$Q> {dfo ZXmomam Aa AOZ {df| AmZXm Aa AOZ_ybH$ {df|
ZmXrdZm ò AmR> {XHw$_mar Xodr VrWH$a H$s Cn{m {dfo nyOm ` g{hV {OZ_mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q>
Pmar {bò {VR>o h& &99&&
Aa X{jU {Xem {dfo A_moKHy$Q> Cg_| dpVVm Xodr Aa gw~w Hy$Q> {dfo gwnw dy H $m Xodr Aa
_{Xa Hy$Q> {df| {U{YZm_m Xodr gmo _hm {V~w Aa {d_bHy$Q {dfo> èmoYaZm_m Xodr Aa
MH$Hy$Q> {dfo b_rZm_m Xodr Aa CgH$m Zm_ H$s{V_Vr ^r h&&4&& Aa MHy$Q> {dfo MH$Zm_m
Xodr Aa gw{VR> Hy$Q> {dfo dgwYam Zm_m Xodr {VR>o h ò AmR> {XHw$_mar VrWH$am| H$s Cn{m Ho$
g_` _{U_B XnU hmW _| {bò _mV H$s godm H$ao h Aa npM_ {Xem {dfo bmo{hV Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg
{dfo BbmXodr Aa OJV Hw$gw_ Hy$Q> {dfo gwam Xodr Aa Z{bZ Hy$Q> {df| ndrXodr Aa nX_Hy$Q> {df|
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nX_mdVr Xodr Aa Hw$_wX Hy$Q> {dfo H$mMZm Xodr Aa gm_Zg Hy$Q> {df| Zd{_H$m Xodr Aa èHy$Q>
{df| grVm Xodr Aa ^Hy$Q> {df| ^H$m Xodr ò AmR> {XHw$_mar _hmCdb _mVm Ho$ {ea na N>
YmaVr ^B h Aa Cma {Xem {dfo Omo \${Q>H$ Hy$Q> Cg {df| b~gw m Xodr Aa AH$Hy$Q> {df| {_lHo$er
Xodr Aa AOZ Hy$Q> {df| nwS>arH$Zr Xodr&&10&& Aa H$mMZ Hy$Q> {df| dmUr Xodr Aa aOVHy$Q> {df|
Amem Xodr Aa Hw$S>bHy$Q> {df| r Xodr Aa MH$ Hy$Q> {dfo lrXodr Aa gwXeZ Hy$Q> {df| Y{V Xodr
ò AmR> Aa {XHw$_mar M_a hmW _| {bò lr{OZamO H$s _mVm H$mo godo h&&12&&
{\$a Mmam| {Xem {df| Cg hr MH$ {J[a na Mma Aa Hy$Q> h do Xr{ H$a _hm XoXr`_mZ h CZ
{df| nyd {Xem H$r Amoa {d_b Hy$Q> Cg {df| {Mm Xodr Aa X{jU {Xem {df| {Z`mbmoH$ Hy$Q> Cg
{df| H$ZH$ {MmXodr {VR>o h Aa npM_ {Xem {df| d`^ Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df| {gam Xodr Aa
Cma {Xem {df| {ZmoVZm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df| gym_{U Xodr ~go h&&15&& Mo Mma {dwHw$_mar Xodr
{OZamO H$s _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q> aho h Aa _hm gwXa dmVm H$ao h gy` H$s {H$aU g_mZ CmoV H$aUhmar
h A~ Mma {d{XemAm| {df| H$WZ H$ao h nyd Aa Cma H$s H$moU {df| dS>y ` Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df|
MH$m Xodr Aa X{jU nyU H$s H$moU {df| MH$ Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {dfoo {MH$modbm Xodr&&17&& Aa
X{jU Aa npM_ H$s H$moU {df| _{U^ Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df| MH$m^m Xodr Aa npM_ Aa Cma
H$s H$moU {df| MH$mom_ Zm_m Hy$Q> {MH$mom_m Zm_m Xodr&&18&&
ò {XHw$_m[a`m| _| {eamo^mJ h do {OZamO H$s _mVm H$s godm H$ao h Aa {d{Xem`m| {df| Aa
Mma Hy$Q> h nydm}ma {df| aZHy$Q> Cg {df| {dO`mXodr Aa X{jU nyd {df| aZ^ Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df|
O`Vr Xodr H$hr h Aa X{jU npM_ _| gdaZ Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df| dÒVr Zm_m Xodr h& Aa
Cma npM_ {df| aZmoM`Zm_m Hy$Q> Cg {df| Anam{OVm Zm_m Xodr h&&19&& Mma do Aa Mma ò ò
AmR> Xo{dò {XHw$_m[a`m| _| _hV h, gmo VrWH$a Xod Ho$ O_mogd {df| VrWH$a H$s _mVm H$s godm
H$ao h Aa O_H$`mUH$ H$m Cgd H$ao h&&22&&
`h MH$ {J[a Zm_m ndV Voahdm h CgHo$ D$ ^mJ {df| Mmam| {Xem _| Mma M`mb` h
CZH$m AOZ{J[a Ho$ M`mb` g_mZ {dVma OmZmo nyd H$s Amoa h _wI {OZH$m&&23&& `h
MH${J[a ndV ^JdmZ Ho$ AH${_ M`mb`m| H$a A{V gmoho h Aa ò ^dZdm{gZr Xodr
{dwHw$_mar {XHw$_mar H$hmdo h CZHo$ {Zdmg Ho$ H$Q> CmoV $n CZ H$a ndV H$me $n
h&&24&& Aa AV H$m d`ây _U rn h CgHo$ _` d`^ Zm_m ndV h Cgo ZmJ| ndV ^r H$ho
h gmo ~b`mH$ma Jmob A{V gmoho h&&25&& Aa nwH$a rn Ho$ _` _mZwfmoma ndV H$hm CgH$s
nabr Amoa go d` ^mMb H$s nhbr Amoa VH$ Ag`mV rn g_wm| _| OK` ^moJ^y{_ h dhm
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Xod h 1, Aa WbMa Aa Z^Ma nM| r {V`M goZr JÔ hr h CZH$m EH$ n` H$m Am`w h Aa
_aH$a ^dZ{H$ Xod hmo` h dhm Ag`mV rn g_w _| VrOo H$mb Ogr aMZm h OK` ^moJ^y{_
h CZ {V`Mmo _| ObMa, AgoZr {dH$b` Zht Aa nM H$ma Ho$ Wmda gd h&
Aa nM| r _| Xod VWm WbMa Z^Ma {V`M h Aa AT>mB rn nao _Zw` Zht, ^moJ^y{_ _|
n{hbm JwUWmZ {_`md Cggo boH$a MmWm Omo AdV g`d JwUWmZ, dhm bJ Mma
JwUWmZ h nM_ JwUWmZ go boH$a D$nabo JwUWmZ Zht 1 {_`md go Vmo OJV hr âm h Aa
H$EH$ Ord dhm AdV g`Q>r ^r h, naVw lmdH$ Ho$ dV Zht nM JwUWmZ Zht, AT>mB rn
~mha Ag`mV rn g_wm| _| `h aMZm h, Aa AV Ho$ rn Ho$ _` d`^mMb CgH$r n{hbr
Va\$ AmJo AmYo d`ây _U rn h Aa gmao d`ây _U g_w _o H$_^{y _ H$s aMZm h dhm gXm
nM_H$mb H$s-gr ar{V h Wmda Vmo gd hr h Aa dhm {dH$b` h nM| r goZ r AgZr JÔ
g_yN>Z ObMa WbMa Z^Ma gd hr Ord h&
EH$ _Zw` Zht ObMa _N>m{XH$ nM| r Aa {dH$b`, ò Ord n{hbo rn g_w _| Aa XOo
rn g_w _| Aa AT>mB rn _| Aa AV hr Ho$o OmZmo& Aa rn g_w _o Zht AV Ho$ AmYo rn Aa
gmao g_w _| H$_^{y _ H$s aMZm h n{hbo JwUWmZ go boH$a dV bJ nmM JwUWmZ h N>R>o go boH$a
D$nabo Zht, {_`md_` Vmo gd OJ` hr h Aa AV Ho$ rn g_w _| d`^mMb Ho$ nao
H$EH$ nM| r {V`M lmdH$dV Ho$ YmaH$ nM JwUWmZdVu Omo h do ^r gdk Xod Zo Ag`mV H$ho
h ò A{V _Zmoha rn g_w H$ho Aa _hmgwXa ndV H$ho CZ_| {H$am{X AQ> H$ma `VaXod Aa
ZmJHw$_mam{X ^dZdmgr Xod ~go h Xod `mo{Z _o| lmdH$dV Aa _w{ZdV Zht n{hbo JwUWmZ go bo
MmWo bJ hr h&&28&&
JmV_ dm_r amOm lo{UH$ go H$ho h - ho lo{UH$! `h Ag`mV rn g_wm| H$s aMZm VwPo
H$hr& A~ `mo{Vfr Xodm| H$s Aa dJ bmoH$ H$s aMZm gwZmo&&29&& O~y rn Am{X Ag`mV rn
Aa bdU g_w Am{X Ag`mV Oo g_w CZH$s aMZm ^JdV ^m{fV Omo ^Òrd ldU H$ao
CgH$m gXho erK hr Xa hmo` Aa Omo gH$b bmo` H$s aMZm gwZo CgH$m gXho Vmo Xa hmo` hr hmo`
lr {OZ$n gy` H$m O~ CX` hmo`, V~ AkmZ$n AYH$ma H$m g_yh H$hm aho! gdWm gXho $n
{V{_a H$m Zme hmo`&&30&&
B{V lr A[aQ>Zo{_nwamUgJho h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm rngmJadUZ Zm_ nM_
gJ&&5&&
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N>R>dm gJ
AWmZVa - `mo{Vf MH$ H$m dUZ H$ao h& Bg ndrVb go gmV gm Z~o `moOZ D$Mm
Vmam_S>b h, gmo g~ `mo{VfrXodm| H$o ZrMo h& ndrVb go Zm gm `moOZ VH$ mo{VfMH$ H$s hX
h&&2&& g_V `mo{Vf MH$ gmV gm Z~o `moOZ go boH$a Zm gmo `moOZ VH$ `mo{VfrXodm| H$m bmoH$
h, gmo EH$ gm Xe `moOZ `mo{Vf Xodm| H$r Yam H$m Xb h&&3&& `hm go gmV gm Zdo `moOZ Vmo
Vmam _S>b h Aa Vmam_S>b go Xg `moOZ D$Mm gy`_ S>b h gmo `hm go AmR> gmo `moOZ h& Aa
gy` _S>b go Agr `moOZ D$Mm M_S>b h gmo `hm go AmR> gm Agr `moOZ h Aa M_S>b go
Mma `moOZ Zj _S>b h gmo `hm go AmR> gm Mmamgr `moOZ h& Aa Zj_S>b go Mma `moOZ D$Mm
~wY H$m {d_mZ h gmo `hm go AmR> gm AR>mgr `moOZ h&&5&&
Aa ~wY go D$Mm VrZ `moOZ ewH$ {d_mZ h, gmo `hm go AmR> gm B`mZd| `moOZ h Aa ewH$
go VrZ `moOZ D$Mm ~hn{V H$m {d_mZ h gmo `hm go AmR> gm MmamZdo `moOZ h Ama ~hn{V go
VrZ `moOZ D$Mm _Jb H$m {d_mZ h gmo `hm AmR> gm gVmZd| `moOZ h& Aa _Jb go VrZ `moOZ
D$Mm eZMa H$m {d_mZ h gmo `hm go Zm gm `moOZ h M gy` Jh Zj Vmam ò nmM H$ma
Omo{Vfr Xod Ag`mV h CZ_| M H$m Am`w EH$ n` Ama bmI df H$m h Aa gy` H$m Am`w
EH$ n` Aa hOma df H$m h ewH$ H$m Am`w EH$ n` gm df H$m h Aa ~hn{V H$m Am`w nmZ
n` h Aa _Jb ~wY eZMa H$m Am`w AmYm n` h, Aa Vmam| H$m Am`w nmdn` h Aa H$EH$
Vmam| H$m Am`w AmY n` h AmY nmdn` go Omo{V{fAm| H$s Am`w KQ>Vr Zht&&9&&
Aa EH$ `moOZ Ho$ BH$gR> ^mJ H$[aò CZ_| N>nZ ^mJ M_m H$m {d_mZ h, Aa BH$gR> ^mJ
EH$ `moOZ Ho$ H$[aò CZ_| AS>Vmbrg ^mJ br{Oò gmo gy` Ho$ {d_mZ H$m {dVma h Aa EH$ H$mog
ewH$ H$m {d_mZ h Aa nmZ H$mog ~hn{V Ho$ {d_mZ H$m {dVma h Aa AmY H$mog gH$b Jhm| Ho$
{d_mZm| H$m {dVma CH$Q> AmY H$mog h Aa Vmam| H$m _` {dVma nmd H$mog go H$Nw>H$ A{YH$
h Aa OK` {dVma nmd H$mog hr H$m h Aa Vmam| H$m nana AVa OK` EH$ H$mog H$m gmVdm
^mJ h Aa _` AVa nMmg H$mog h Aa CH$Q> AVa hOma `moOZ h, Aa gy` H$m {d_mZ Vm`m
gmoZm g_mZ aV dU AmYo Jmobo Ho$ AmH$ma h Aa M_m H$m {d_mZ \${Q>H$_{U g_mZ doV h
VWm H$_bVma g_mZ doV h Aa amh dm Ho$Vw H$m {d_mZ b~m EH$ `moOZ Aa _moQ>m AT>mB gm YZwf h
Aa amh Ho$Vw Ho$ {d_mZ `m_ _{U_` M gy` Ho$ {d_mZ Ho$ ZrMo h& Aa ewH$ H$m {d_mZ _mbVr Ho$
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nwn g_mZ $nm_B Cdb h Aa ~hn{V H$m {d_mZ _wVm \$b g_mZ VWm \${Q>H$ _{U g_mZ
Cdb h& Aa ~w H$m {d_mZ gwdU g_mZ h Aa eZMa H$m {d_mZ Vmò gwdU g_mZ h Aa _Jb
H$m {d_mZ bmI Ho$ aJ g_mZ bmb dU h& `h Omo{Vfr Xodm| Ho$ {d_mZm| H$m dUZ H$hm h&&20&&
Aa AU rn Aa AUg_w Ho$ D$na g_V Omo{Vfr Xodm| Ho$ {d_mZ Ho$db `m_ dU hr
h Aa Cggo _hm AYH$ma h Aa AT>mB rn {df| hr gy`m{XH$ H$m CX` AV h AmJo AT>mB rn
Ho$ nao g~ `mo{Vfr Xodmo Ho$ {d_mZ pWa hr h&&23&& Aa Ag`mV `mo{Vfr Xod h CZHo$ B gy`
M_m h do Mgy` Ag`mV rn g_wm| _| Ag`mV h&&24&& Aa O~y rn _| M gy` gw_o go
1121 `moOZ `mao ah H$a X{jUm H$ao h&&25&&
O~yrn {dfo Xmo M Xmo gy` Aa bdUmoX{Y {dfo Mma M Mma gy` Aa YmVH$sIS> {dfo
~mah M ~mah gy` Aa H$mbmoX{Y {dfo 42 M ~`mbrg gy` Aa nwH$am {dfo ~hma M gy`
Aa AT>mB rn {dfo 132 M 132 gy` h `mo{Vfr Xodm| H$m M_m B h Aa gy` V| h EH$
M_m H$m BVZm n[adma gmo H$ho h EH$ M Ho$ gmW gy` EH$ Aa 28 Zj Aa 88 Jh Aa N>`mgR>
hOma Zm gm {nMhma H$moS>mH$moS>r Vmao 6697500000000000000&&29&& Aa _mZwfmoma Ho$ Cao
AmYo nwH$a rn _o 72 M_m Aa 72 _| gy` Aa _mZwfmoma go nao, nMmg hOma `moOZ Om` dhm
M gy`m{XH$ MH$db` H$a {VR>o h Aa _mZwfmoma go nao W_ db` AmJo bmI bmI `moOZ Om`
dhm Mma A{YH$db` h CZH$s {H$aUm| nana {_b ahr h&&32&& Aa YmVH$sIS> H$mo Am{X XoH$a
rnm| {dfo {nN>bmo H$a g`w V a{d e{e qH${MV KmQ> MmJZw o MmJZw o rn g_w _o rn {d_mZm| H$s
g`m nmBò h&&33&& `h Omo{Vf bmoH$ H$m dUZ gjno _m H$hm&&1&&
AWmZVa - dJbmoH$ H$m gjno dUZ H$ao h& g_o H$s My{bH$m Ho$ D$na D$ bmoH$ h gmo
_XJ Ho$ AmH$ma h D$na D$na gmobh dJ h Aa Ah{_mo H$m bmoH$ h ZdJd ò H$ Zd AUwma nM
nMmUwma ò VoBg Ahq_ bmoH$ h&&35&& n{hbm dJ gmY_, XOm BemZ, VrOm gZHw$_ma, MmWm
_mh|, nmMdm ~h_ , N>R>m ~h_ moma, gmVdm bmVd, AmR>dm H$m{nQ>, Zd_m ewH$ , Xgdm _hmewH$ ,
`mahdm gVma, ~mahdm ghma, Voahdm AmZV, MmXhdm mUV, nhdm AmaU, gmobhdm
A`wV, ò gmobh dJ H$ho h&&37&& Aa Zd Jd ò H$ H$s VrZ {H$ h CZ_| n{hbr AYmo{H$,
XOr _`{H$, VrOr D${H$&&39&& Aa BZHo$ D$na Zd AZw{Xe Aa {VZHo$ D$na nM AUwma
Aa CZHo$ D$na _wpV h gmo D$ bmoH$ H$m [eIa h&&40&& gmobh dJmo Ho$ Aa Ahq_m| Ho$ {d_mZ
8497023 h Aa nQ>b 63 h gmo D$np V {VR>o h EH$ EH$ nQ>b _| EH$ EH$ BH$ {d_mZ h gmo
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nQ>b Ho$ _`^mJ {dfo h, gH$b 63 BH$ {d_mZ h CZ_| n{hbo BH$ g~Y r Mma {Xem _|
loUr~ {d_mZ òH$ òH$ 63 h&
Aa Mma {d{Xem _| òH$ òH$ ~mgR> h Aa XOo BH$ Ho$ {Xem {V ~mgR> Aa {d{Xem
{d{Xem {V gmR> Bg ^m{V g~ BH$ g~Y r {Xem {d{Xem| {df| EH$ EH$ loUr~ KmQ> h& A~
g~ BH$m| Ho$ Zm_ H$ho h CZ_| VaogR> BH$ {d_mZ h CZ_o {Xem {Xem {V EH$ EH$ KmQ> h&
W_ BH$ {d_mZ H$m Zm_ G$Ow, XOm {d_b, VrOm MZm`H$, MmWm dJw, nmMdm dra, N>R>m
AaU, gmVdm ZXZ, AmR>dm Z{bZ, Zd_m H$mMZ, Xgdm amo{hma, `mahdm MMH$, ~mahdm _hV,
Voahdm Xr{, MmXdm dS>y `, nhdm MH$, gmobhdm {MH$^mg, gmahdm AH$, ARm>ahdm
\${Q>H$, CZrgdm n{Wdr (nWrH$) ~rgdm _, BH$sgdm ^, ~mBgdm hm[aH$, VoBg dm nX_,
Mm~rgdm bmo{hV, nMrgdm dO, N>~rgdm Zm, gmmBgdm ^H$a, AR>mBgdm Q>, CUVrgdm
JO, Vrgdm {_, BH$mrgdm ^m`, BH$Vrg BH$ n{hbo Aa XOo dJ {df| h&&47&&
Aa VrOo MmWo dJ {df| gmV nQ>b h CZHo$ Zm_ - n{hbm AOZ XOm dZ_mb VrOm ZmJ
MmWm JS> nmMdm bmJb N>R>m ~{b^ gmVdm MH$&&48&& Aa nmMd| N>R>o dJ {df| nQ>b Mma
CZHo$ Zm_ n{hbm A[aR>, XOm nwnH$, (Xodg{_{V) VrOm ~h_ H$, MmWm ~h_ moma&&49&& Aa
gmVdo AmR>d| dJ {dfo nQ>b Xmo h, CZHo$ Zm_ n{hbm ~h_ X`, XOm bmVd&&50&& Aa Zd_|
Xg_o dJ {dfo nQ>b EH$ h CgH$m ewH$ Aa `mahd| ~mahdo dJ {dfo nQ>b EH CgH$m Zm_ gVma
Aa Voahd| MmXhd| {dfo nQ>b VrZ CZHo$ Zm_ n{hbm AmZV, XOm nwnH$, VrOm mUV, Aa nhd|
gmobhd| dJ {df| nQ>b VrZ h& CZHo$ Zm_ n{hbm gmZwH$ma, XOm gm_Zg, VrOm r`H$a&&15&&
ò ~mdZ gmobh dJm] Ho$ H$ho, Aa Zd Jd ò H$m| Ho$ VrZ {H$ CZHo$ nQ>b Zd CZ_| ZrMbo {H$
Ho$ nQ>b VrZ CZ_o n{hbm gwXeZ XOm A_moK, VrOm ~w, Aa _` Ho$ {H$ Ho$ nQ>b VrZ CZ_o|
n{hbm èmoYa, XOm gw^X , VrOm gw{demb&&52&&
D$nabo {H$ Ho$ nQ>b VrZ CZ_| n{hbm gw_V, XOm gmo_g, VrOm r`H$a ò Zd nQ>b, Zd
Jd ò H$m| Ho$ H$ho Aa Zd AUwmam| Ho$ Oo Zd do AZw{Xe H${hò CZHo$ BH$ nQ>b EH$ CgH$m Zm_
Am{X`, Aa nMmZwma H$m nQ>b, CgH$m Zm_ gdmW{ g{ ò 63 nQ>b BH$ {d_mZ D$bmoH$ Ho$
H$ho h&&54&& nQ>b Ho$ _` ^mJ {df| EH$ EH$ BH$ loUr~ H$sUH$ h& ò g~ {d_mZ Ho$Vo h gmo H$ho
h - gmY_ dJ {df| {d_mZ 3200000 Aa BemZ {df| 2800000 gZHw$_ma {df| 1200000
_mh| {df| 800000 ~h_ {df| 296000 ~h_ moma 104000 bmVd {dfo 25000 H$m{nQ> {df| 24958
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Aa ewH$ dJ {dfo 20020 Aa _hmewH$ {df| 19980 Aa gVma dJ {dfo 3019 Aa ghma dJ
{df| 2981 Aa AmZV mZV {dfo 440 Aa AmaU Am`wV {df| 260 Aa ZrMbo {H$ {df| 111 Aa
_` Ho$ {H$ {df| 107 Aa D$nabo {H$ {df| 91 ò Zd Jd ò H$ {df| 315 {d_mZ h&&62&&
Aa Zd AZw{Xe Ho$ {d_mZ Zd CZHo$ Zm_ CZ_| n{hbm A{M, XOm A{M_m{bZr, VrOm ~O,
MmWm damoMZ, nmMdm gm`, N>R>m gm`$n, gmVdm AH$, AmR>dm \${Q>H$, Zd_m Am{X` ò Zd
CZ_| H$BEH$ BH$ AmR> loUr~ Omo BH$ h gmo _` h Aa loUr~ AmR> Mma {Xem Aa Mma
{d{Xem {df| h Aa nMmUwma Ho$ {d_mZ nmM n{hbm {dO`, XOm dO`V, VrOm O`V, MmWm
Anam{OV nmMdm gdmW{ g{ BZ_| 4 {XemAm| _| loUr~ h Aa gdmW{ g{ _` {dfo BH$ h
gmo ogR> nQ>bm| {dfo g~ {d_mZ 8497023 h&
BZ_| ogR> BH$ Ho$ g{hV gm nQ>bm| Ho$ _`^mJ {dfo h& Aa Omo {Xem {d{Xem loUr~ hmo`
do loUrJV H${hE, do gH$b AmR> hOma EH$ gm gmmBg ~mH$s g~ {d_mZ H$sUH$ H${hE {dfoadm
h 62 loUr~ 8127 H$ho CZ_| go Mma hOma Mma gm nMmZd| Vmo n{hbo dJ {df| H$ho Aa 1488
XOo dJ {dfo H$ho VrOo dJ {dfo 616 MmWo dJ {dfo Xmo gm VrZ Aa nmMdo dJ {dfo 186 N>R>o
dJ {dfo 94 Aa gmVd| dJ {dfo 125 AmR> {dfo 31 Aa Zd_o {dfo 58 Xgd| dJ {df| 19 Aa
`mahd| dJ {dfo 55 ~mahd| dJ {df| 18 Voahdo dJ {df| 14 Aa MmXhdo dJ {df| 48 nhd|
dJ {df| 120 gmobhd| dJ {df| CZVmbrg&&73&&
Aa AYmoJd ò H$ n{hbr {H$ Cg {dfo {d_mZ EH$ gm VoBg BZ_| n{hbr Jd ò H$ {dfo 45 XOr
dJ {dfo 41 VrOr dJ {dfo 33 ò g~ 123 ^ò Aa MmWr Jd ò H$ {df| 33 nmMdr Jd ò H$ _|
29 N>R>r Jd ò H$ _| 25 ò loUr~ {d_mZ H$ho Aa C {H$ {dfo gmVdt Jd ò H$ {df| 21 Aa
AmR>dt _| 17 Zd_t _| 13 ò loUr~ H$ho Aa Zd AUwma Ho$ Zd Aa nMmUwma Ho$ nmM CZ_| EH$
BH$ g{hV 8127 ~mH$s g~ {d_mZ H$sUH$ OmZmo&&77&& CZ {d_mZm| _o W_ dJ {df| g`mV
`moOZ {dVma 640000 h Aa XOo dJ {df| {d_mZ g`mV `moOZ H$o {dVma 560600 VrOo
dJ {df| 240000 Aa MmWo dJ {df| 160000 Aa nmMd| N>R>o {df| 80007 Aa gmVdo AmR>d|
{df| 10000 Aa Zd_o Xgd| _| 4004 Aa `mahd| ~mahd| {df| 3976 Vohad| MmXhd| dJ{df| 88
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BH$ {d_mZ Vmo g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma h Aa loUr~ Ag`mV `moOZ H$o {dVma h Aa
H$sUH$ H$B EH$ Vmo Ag`mV `moOZm| Ho$ {dVma h Aa H$`H$ g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma h& g~
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{d_mZm| _| 6797649 {d_mZ Vmo Ag`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma h Aa 1699380 g`mV `moOZ Ho$
{dVma h&&86&& gd g`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma {d_mZm| go Ag`mV `moOZ Ho$ {dVma {d_mZ
MmJZw o OmZmo Aa AT>mB rn Aa n{hbm dJ H$m G$Ow {d_mZ Aa n{hbo ZaH$ H$m gr_V Zm_
nmWS>m Aa _wpV{ebm {gjo ò nmM 4500000 `moOZ Ho$ _mU h Aa _o H$s My{bH$m Ho$ Aa
n{hbo dJ Ho$ G$Ow {d_mZ H$EH$ ~mb_m AVamb h Aa O~yrn Aa gmVd| ZaH$ H$m A{VQ>
Zm_ {dbm Aa gdmW{ g VrZm| Zm bmI `moOZ Ho$ _mU OmZmo&&88&&
Aa dJ bmoH$ Ho$ loUr~ {d_mZ Ho$ AmYo Vmo d`ây _U g_w D$na h Aa ~mH$s Ho$ {d_mZ
A` g_wm| Ho$ D$na h Ag`mV `moOZ Ho$ {d_mZ gd MmJZw o h Aa g`mV òmOZ Ho$ {dVma
{d_mZ CZgo MVwW ^mJ h&&90&& Aa n{hbo XOo dJ Ho$ _[Xam| Ho$ nrR> H$mo ~mh`Vm 1121
òmOZ Aa D$nabo dJ {df| Xmo Xmo dJm] _| {Z`mUd| {Z`mUd| `moOZ ~mh`Vm KQ>Vr JB
h&&91&& Aa _{Xam| Ho$ MmS >mB Am{X Ho$ dJ _| 120 `moOZ Aa VrOo MmWo dJ {df| 100 `moOZ
AmJo Xe Xe `moOZ MmS >mB KQ>r V~ nmMdo N>R>o dJ {df| MmS>mB `moOZ Z~o Aa gmVdo AmR>do
dJ _| MmS >mB `moOZ Agr Aa Zd_| Xg_| dJ {dfo MmS >mB `moOZ gma Aa `mahd| ~mad| dJ
{df| MmS >mB `moOZ gmR> Voahd| MmXhd| {dfo `moOZ nMmg Aa nhd| gmobd| dJ {df| _{Xam| H$s
MmS >mB `moOZ Mmbrg Aa Zd Jd ò H$ {dfo n{hbr {H$ _| Vrg, XOr _| ~rg, VrOr {H$ _| Xe
Aa Zd AUwma {df| _pXam| H$s MmS >mB `moOZ nmM&&93&&
Aa nM AZwma {dfo _pXam| H$s MmS>mB `moOZ nmM Aa _pXam| H$s CVm `moOZ 500 Aa
AmJo `wJb nmM n`V nMmg nMmg `moOZ D$MmB _| KQ>mBò Aa dhm nao D$MmB _| `moOZ nMmg
nMmg KQ>o Aa nmMd| N>R>o 450 `moOZ h Aa gmVd| AmR>d| _{Xam| H$s CVm `moOZ 400 Aa Zd_|
Xe _o `moOZ 350 Aa `mahd| ~mahdo `moOZ 300 Aa Voahd| MmXhd| `moOZ 250 Aa nhd|
gmobhd| `moOZ 225 _{Xam| H$s D$MmB h, Aa AmJo nrg nMrg `moOZ KQ>Vr OmZmo Aa _pXam|
H$s Zrd n{hbo XOo dJ {df| `moOZ 60 Aa VrOo MmWo dJ {dfo _{Xam| H$s Ztd `moOZ 50 AmJo
`wJb `wJb n`V nmM nmM `moOZ KQ>r h, V~ gmobhd| dJ 20 `moOZ _pXam| H$s Ztd h Aa
Jd ò H$ {dfo n{hbr {H$ _o 15 XOr {H$ _oo 10 VrOr {H$ _| 5 Aa Zd AUwma, nMmUwma {dfo
BZ 14 {d_mZm| H$s _[Xam| H$m Zrd `moOZ AT>mB&&95&&
Aa n{hbo XOo dJ {df| _{Xa nM dU a_B H$U Zrb aV nrV doV ò nmM dU Vmo g~
Om{V Ho$ aZ n{hbo XOo dJ {dfo h Aa VrO MmWo dJ {df| H$UdU Zht Aa Mma dU aZ_B
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_{Xa h Aa nmMd| N>R>o gmVd| AmR>d| BZMma dJm] _| H$U Aa Zrb ò Xmo dU Zht doV aV nrV
ò VrZ dU h Aa Zd_| Xgd| `mahd| ~mahd| nrV Aa doV ò Xmo dU h Aa dU Zht Aa Voahd|
MmXhd| nhd| gmobhd| Aa Ahq_ bmoH$ _| _{Xam| Ho$ doV dU hr aZ h do dJ bmoH$ Ho$ _pXa
_hm gwXa h&&98&& dJ Ho$ Xmo `wJb KZmoX{Y Ho$ AmH$ma h Aa Xmo `wJb KZdmV ~b` Ho$ AmYma
h Aa D$na AmH$me Ho$ AmYma h&&99&& N> `wJbm| _| BH$ {d_mZ _| ~mah B ~go h Aa loUr~
{df| Xod ~go h ~mah BH$m| _| B N> X{jU loUr Ho$ Vmo EH$ ^dmdVmar h Aa Cma Ho$ BH$
{ZM` Zht Anggmar h XrKgg mar Zht&&100&&
Aa nMmpZ Ho$ gmYH$ Vndr na_Vr ^dZ{H$ Xod VH$ CnOo h Omo CZgo _hmVn H$ao gmo
`Va ^dZdmgr `mo{Vfr VH$ CnOo dJ {df| Z Om`, Xod hmo` Vmo ^dZ{ H$m hmo` Aa _Zw`
hmo` Vmo {_`mpQ> amOm{XH$ hmo` Aa n[admOH$ H${hò XS>r g`mgr gmo nmMd| dJ VH$ Om`
CgHo$ ApZ Ob H$m Ama^ Zht Aa na _{V`m| _| AmOrdH$m H${hò A`V _X H$fm`r gmo
~mahd| XodbmoH$ VH$ ^r CnOo naVw {~Zm drVamJ Xod H$s lm Bm{XH$ D$Mm Xod Z hmo` N>mQo >o Xod
_| CnOo Aa ~mahd| dJ D$na naXeZr Z Om` AmOrdr H${hò {OgZo O_ n`V {df` Jm_m{XH$
J_Z VOm Aa _mZmdb~r h _X H$fm` jwXm Vfm{X ~mYm ^r gho h Aa MmWm JwUWmZdVu
AdV g`Q>m ^r ~mahdo dJ VH$ Om` AmJo dV {~Zm Z Om` Aa lmdH$ lm{dH$m Am`m ò
nM_ JwUWmZdVu W_ dJ go boH$a gmobhd| dJ VH$ Om` Aa Ahq_ bmoH$ _| Z Om` 1
Aa ` M[a _w{Z H$m ôf Yao gmo W_ dJ go bo Zd Jd ò H$ VH$ Om` AmJo MmXh AUwma {dfo
^md qbJr _w{Z hr Om` Aa `qbJ A^` Ord ^r Yao CJ Vn H$a ZdJd ò H$ n`V Om` AmJo
Z Om`, _wpV {dfo Aa MmXh AUwma {d_mZm| {dfo ^md qbJr _w{Z hr Om`, Aa H$s J`Vm
Zht&&105&&
Aa `mo{Vfr XodZ n`V H$U Zrb H$nmoV ò VrZ Aew^ bo`m Vm `$n Aa ^md $n h
Aa nrVbo`m ^dZ{H$ Xodm| Ho$ OK` $n h, Aa n{hbo XOo dJ nrVbo`m _`_ h, Aa VrOo
MmWo dJ nrVbo`m CH$Q> h Aa nX_bo`m OK` $n h, Aa nmMdo dJ go boH$a Aa Xe_|
dJ n`V nX_bo`m _`_ Aa `mahd| ~mahdo dJ {df| nX_bo`m CH$Q> h Aa ewbbo`m
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A~ Xodm| H$s Ad{Y gwZmo& n{hbo XOo dJ Ho$ Ad{Y n{hbo XyOo dJ Ho$ Ad{Y n{hbo ZaH$
n`V h Ad{Y H$a dhm VH$ XoIo OmZo Aa VrOo MmWo dJm] Ho$ Xodm| H$s Ad{Y XOo ZH$ n`V h
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Aa ZdJd ò H$ dmbm| H$s Ad{Y N>R>o n`V h Aa Zd AUw{Xe dmbmoo H$s Ad{Y gmVd| ZaH$ n`V
h Aa nmM AUwma dmbm| H$s Ad{Y bmoH$Zmbr n`V h &&114&& `h Vmo Zrdbr AdYr H$hr Aa
D$nabr Ad{Y g_V hr Xodm| Ho$ AnZo-AnZo {d_mZ H$s dOm n`V OmZmo AmJo Zht Eogm
{ZM` gdkXod Zo H$hm h Aa D$nabo g~ hr Xodm| H$s Xodr n{hbo XOo dJ CnOo h& AmJo Xo{d`m|
H$s Cn{m Zht, X{jU {Xem Ho$ Xodm| H$s {Z`moJZr Xodr gmY_ dJ {df| CnOo h Aa Cma {Xem
Ho$ Xodmo H$s Xodr BemZ dJ {df| CnOo h gmo AnZr-AnZr {Z`moJZr OmZ D$nabo Xod BZ Xmo dJm]
go bo Om` h n{hbm VrOm nmMdm gmVdm `mhadm nhdm `h XpmU loUr Ho$ h Aa BZH$s Xodr
n{hbo dJ {dfo CnOo h gmo AnZr AnZr bo Om` h&
XOm MmWm N>R>m AmR>dm ~mahdm gmobhdm Cma loUr H$o h gmo BZH$s Xodr XOo dJ {dfo CnOo
h gmo ^r bo Om` h& gmY_ dJ {dfo Ho$db XodmJZm`m| Ho$ {Zdmg Ho$ {d_mZ N>h bmI h Aa
BemZ dJ {df| Mma bmI {d_mZ h CZ {df| Xodr CnOo h& H$gr h Xodr, gwXa d AmâU H$a
_Z Aa Zom| H$s haUhmar h _hm gwXa $n H$a g`w V h AZoH$ {dH$`m Ho$ YmaH$ Omo hmd ^md
{d^_ {dbmg CZ H$a _{S>V _hm _Zmok h d^md hr H$a o_ H$s âr AZoH$ n` H$s Am`w H$s
YaUhmar _hmgwI H$a `wV h&
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Am`w H$o YaUhmao XrKH$mb Ord| _hm gwI ^moJd| h& &115&& Aa gmobh dJm] Ho$ D$na Ahq_ h
do Bm| go AZV JwUm gwI ^moJd| h CZHo$ gmVm doXZr H$m nyaU CX` h r a{hV emV^md $n
na_ gwI ^moJd| h Aa gdmW{ g{ Ho$ nao ~mah `moOZ {gm| H$m WmZH$ h gmo VrZ bmoH$ Ho$ AJ
^mJ _| h dh AQ>_r Yam bmo` {dfo {g h gw^mZm_m ndr gmV amOy b~r EH$ amOy MmS >r
AmR> `moOZ OS> CgHo$ _` {dfo AmR> `moOZ ZmS>r h Aa AZwH$ _H$a KQ>Vr JB h gmo AV {dfo
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w Ho$ Ag`mVd| ^mJ WybVm Yao h D$Mm dVwb
mH$ma doV N> CgHo$ g_mZ Cdb
h&&27&& nVmbrg bmI `moOZ Ho$ {dVma H$mo Yao h Eogr _moj {ebm h dh AQ>_ Yam CgHo$
g_mZ Aa Yam Zht&
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Eogr ^JdV Xod Zo ^mfr h Aa _wpV {ebm H$s XjUm EH$ H$mo{S> ~`mbrg bmI 30 hOma
Xmo gm CZMmg `moOZ h Aa VrZ dmVdb` n{hbo H$ho Wo, CZ_| Xmo dmVdb` H$s ~mh`Vm Vmo dhm
VrZ H$mog H$s h Aa VrOm VZw dmVdb` CgH$s ~mh`Vm dhm nh gm {nMhma YZwf h&&31&&
gmo VZw~mVdb` Ho$ AV {dfo AZVo {g {damOo h CZH$s CH$Q> AdJmhZm YZwf 525 OK`
AdJmhZm gmT>o VrZ hmW `h {OZmJ_ {dfo H$hr h {g ^`m h `moOZ {OZH$m Eogo {g ^JdmZ
Ohm EH$ {damOo h dhm AZV {damO aho h EH$ R>ma AZV g_mò h Eogr AdJmhZm epV
h&&34&& do ^JdmZ eara a{hV gwI qnS> {g na_oR>r {dZ a{hV kmZmon`moJ Aa XeZmon`moJ H$a
`wV h&&35&& do gXm gwIr gd bmoH$ Aa AbmoH$ H$mo {ZaVa AZV n`m` g{hV OmZo h Aa XoIo
h AnZo d^md _| {VR>o h&&36&& do {g _hm ew gd dVw Ho$ domm O_ Oam _aU a{hV
A{dZmer Ê A{dZmer Ym_ {dfo ~YZ a{hV emdVo {VR>o h&&37&&
`hm JmV_ dm_r amOm lo{UH$ go H$ho h - ho lo{UH$! VwPo Omo{Vfr Xod bmoH$m| Ho$ nQ>b H$m
JQ> `m`mZ H$hm Aa _moj n`V dJ bmoH$ H$m `m`mZ VwPo H$hm& ho Zan{V! _Zo gjno go
bmo` k{ H$m `m`mZ {H$`m `h `m`mZ H$mZm| H$mo gwIXmB h gmo H$`mU Ho$ AW VwPo H$h
gwZm`m& A~ ho {MaOrd! Omo Cnjo H$m `m`mZH$a H$mb H$m `m`mZ _ VwPo H$h hy gmo Vy
EH$mJ {MmH$a gwZ&&38&&
`h Y_ `mZ _hm Cdb CX` $n _moj H$m H$maU {OZ|Xod Zo H$hm CgHo$ Mma nmò Amkm{dM` 1 Anm` {dM` 2 Aa {dnmH$ {dM` 3 Aa gWmZ {dM` 4 ò Mmam| nm` {Mmd{m
Ho$ {ZamoY Ho$ H$maU h& `h bmoH$ Ho$ AmH$ma qMVdZ {OVor nwfm| H$mo {ZaVa H$aUo Bg gWmZ
{dM` H$a Y_ `mZ nyU hmo` h _Z Aa Bp` $n _mVo hmWr de H$aUo H$m `h Y_ `mZ ~S>m
Cnm` h Bg{bò Omo {ddoH$s _Z Bp` de {H$`m Mmh| gmo gWmZ {dM` H$m qMVdZ H$a g_V
bmoH$ H$mo ho` OmZ ew Am_m H$mo CnmXo` _mZ Am_m H$m `mZ H$ao&&39&&
B{V A[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm `mo{Vbm}H$mob
moH$dUZ Zm_ fR>
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H$mbMH$ H$m dUZ

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{ZM` H$mb Aa XOm JmU H$mb H${hò `dhma H$mb gmo H$mb ` dVZm bjU h Aa dU JY
ag ne BZH$a a{hV h Aa AJw bKw H${hò JwVm Ca H$a a{hV h&&1&& Ogo Y_ ` J{V ghmB
Aa AY_ ` pW{V ghmB AmH$me AdH$me XoZo H$mo ghmB dgo H$mb dVZm ghmB h& Ogo kmZr
OZ AmJ_ H$s pQ> H$a Y_ AY_ AmH$me H$m {ZM` H$ao Vgo H$mb H$m ^r {ZM` H$aZm&&3&&
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H${hò g_` Amdbr K{Q>H$m{X $n `dhma H$mb CgH$s d{m _w` H$mb Omo H$mbmUw$n
{ZM` H$mb ` CgHo$ AmYrZ h&&4&& g~ hr `m| Ho$ n[aUm_m{X d{m`| AVaJ Aa ~{haJ
H$mam go hmo` h&&5&&
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g~m| H$m g~m| _| h& AVaJ H$maU Vmo AmnH$m Amn hr _o| h gmo g~ hr ` AnZo d^md n{aU_|
h& &6&& Aa ~{haJ H$maU g~m| H$m n[aU_ZH$ {ZM` H$mb H$m gdk Xod Zo {XIm`m h, gmo
{ZM` H$aZm bmoH$mH$me Ho$ EH$ EH$ Xoe {dfo EH$ EH$ H$mbmUw {VR>o h H$moB Xoe H$mbmUw {~Zm
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d$n {dfo {VR>o h&&9&&
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AW n`m` H$a jUdVu h A{Z` h {Z`Vm Aa A{Z`Vm ` {df| XmoZm| h {ZM` H$mb H$m
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Ho$ CnOmdZo dmbr H$mbmUw H$mo AZV g_` H${hò 6 H$mam $n H$mbmUw `dmbr g_` $n
n`m` H$s Cn{m h& H$maU {~Zm H$m` H$s Cn{m H$Xm{MV Z hmo`&&12&& Omo H$maU {~Zm hr H$m`
CnOo Vmo dV d^md Ia Ho$ gtJ ^r `mo Z CnO|& Ogm H$maU hmo` dgr hr H$m` CnOo& Om Ho$
~rO go em{b Z CnOo Aa Ogm A` ` dgm A` ` H$s Cn{m hr Cggo _w` CnmXmZ
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H$maU h _w` H$maU Zht& g~ `m| H$mo dVZm ghmB H$mb H$hm gmo ghH$mar H$maU h g_`m{XH$
`dhma H$mb H$mbmUw n`m` h, gmo nwXJ b na_mUw Ho$ J_ZH$a OmZm Om` h&&15&&
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H$ao Vmo EH$ g_` _| MmXh amOy Om`&&16&& Aa g_` Amdbr CN>dmg mU VmoH$ bd B`m{X
`dhma H$mb Ho$ ôX h {Ogo H$mb H$m EH$ ^mJ go XOm ^mJ Z hmo` gmo g_` H${hò& Aa Omo
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g VmoH$m| H$m EH$ bd H${hò Aa gVhma bd H$m EH$ _whVy H${hò Aa Vrg _whVy H$m EH$
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_mg H$m EH$ G$Vw H${hò&
Aa VrZ G$VwAm| H$m EH$ A`Z H${hò& Aa Xmo A`Zm| H$m EH$ df H${hò& Aa Xe dfm] H$mo
Xe JwUo H$[aò Vmo df 100 hmo`, gm H$mo Xe JwUmo H$[aE V~ df 1000 hmo`, Aa hOma H$mo gm
JwUo H$[aò V~ EH$ bmI df hmo`& Aa EH$ bmI H$mo Mmamgr JwUo H$[aò V~ 8400000 df hmo`
gmo EH$ nydmJ H${hò& Aa Mmamgr bmI nydmJ `VrV hmodo V~ EH$ nyd H${hò& Aa nyd H$mo
Mmamgr bmI JwUm H$[aò V~ EH$ nydmJ hmo`& Aa Mmamgr bmI nydmJ H$m EH$ nyd hmo`& Aa
Mmamgr bmI nyd H$m EH$ Z`wVmJ hmo`&&4&& Aa Mmamgr bmI Z`wVmJ H$m EH$ Z`wV hmo`&&6&&
Aa Mmamgr bmI Z`wV H$m EH$ Hw$_wXmJ hmo`&&7&& Aa Mmamgr bmI Hw$_wXmJ H$m EH$ Hw$_wX
hmo`&&8&& Aa Mmamgr bmI Hw$_wX H$m EH$ nX_mJ hmo`&&9&& Aa Mmamgr bmI nX_mJ EH$ nX_
hmo`&&10&&
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Z{bZ hmo`&&12&& Aa Mmamgr bmI Z{bZm| H$m EH$ H$_bmJ hmo`&&13&& Aa Mmamgr bmI
H$_bm H$m EH$ H$_b hmo`&&14&& Aa Mmamgr bmI H$_b H$m EH$ Qw>Q> `mJ hmo`&&15&& Aa
Mmamgr bmI Qw>Q> `mJ H$m EH$ Qw>Q> `w hmo`&&16&& Aa Mmamgr bmI Qw>Q> `w H$m EH$ AQ>Q>mJ hmo`&&17&&
Aa Mmamgr bmI AQ>Q>mJ H$m EH$ AQ>Q> hmo`&&18&& Aa Mmamgr bmI AQ>Q> H$m EH$ A_w_mJ&&19&&
Mmamgr bmI A_w_mJ H$m EH$ A__&&20&& Aa Mmamgr bmI A__ H$m EH$ ChmJ&&21&& Aa
Mmamgr bmI ChmJ H$m EH$ 1 Ch&&22&& Aa Mmamgr bmI Ch H$m EH$ 1 bVmJ&&23&& Aa
Mmamgr bmI bVmJ H$m 1 bVm&&24&& Aa Mmamgr bmI bVm H$m 1 _hmbVmJ&&25&& Aa
Mmamgr bmI _hmbVmJ H$s 1 _hmbVm&&26&& Aa Mmamgr bmI _hmbVm H$m 1 {ga H${nV&&27&&
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Aa Mmamgr bmI {ga H${nV H$m 1 hV ho{bH$m&&28&& Aa Mmamgr bmI hVho{bH$m H$m
EH$ dqMVH$&&29&&
`hm VH$ _` g`mV df H$mb H$s _`mXm H$hr Aa AH$mo H$s g `m H$mo CbKo gmo CH$Q>
g`mV df dm Ag`mV AZV H$mb CgHo$ n` gmJa H$nm{X AZV ôX h&&31&& nwXJ b
na_mUw Am{X _` AV go a{hV A{d^mJr h Bp` JmoMa Zht _ymrH$ h Vmo ^r Bp`m| go AJ`
h _hmgy_ h, EH$ Xoer h&&32&& Aa EH$ ag Aa EH$ dU EH$ JY Xmo ne ò nmM JwU EH$
H$mb _| Ymao h Aa eX go a{hV h Aa IY Ho$ `moJ H$a eX H$s Cn{m H$maU h&&33&& dU,
JY, ag, ne BZ JwUm| H$a na_mUw Jbo nyao VWm j pZY JwU Ho$ dYZo KQ>Zo go CZHo$ H$Y
(H$) nana {_bo Aa {dNw>ao do nwXJ b H${hò H$Y H$s Zht na_mUw hr H$mo nwXJ b H${hò
dUm{XH$ JwU {_bo Aa {dNw>a&o &36&&
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EH$ gkm gkm{XH$ H${hò Aa AmR> gkm gkm{XH$ H$m EH$ gaoUw H${hò& AmJo gZmgZ VVaoUw
gaoUw aWaoUw Cm_ _`_ OK` ^moJ^y{_ dm H$_^{y _ Ho$ ~mb H$m AJdm ^mJ H$_ go A~
gZmgZ go bJ^J AmR> AmR> JwUm _moQ>m OmZZm Aa AmR> H$_ ^y{_`| ~mbmJ H$s EH$ brI H${hò
Aa AmR> brIm| H$s EH$ Oy H${hò, Aa AmR> Oydm| H$m EH$ `d H${hò, Aa AmR> `dmo H$s EH$
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YZwf H$m EH$ H$mog H${hò Aa Mma H$mog H$m EH$ `moOZ H${hò AWdm AmR> hOma YZwfm| H$m EH$
`moOZ H${hò&&46&& jom| H$s MmS >mB b~mB Aa ndVm| H$s b~mB ò g~ ~S>o `moOZ go H$ho gmo ~S$o
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w go h Aa jo H$s {OVZr MmS >mB Cggo {VJwZr X{jUm OmZmo&&47&&
AWmZVa - n` H$m {dMma H$ho h& EH$ Jmob ImS>m EH$ `moOZ MmS >m Aa EH$ `moOZ b~m
Aa EH$ `moOZ D$S>m gmo Cm_ ^moJ ^y{_`m| Ho$ gmV {XZ Ho$ CUm Ho$ amo_m| H$o AJ ^mJH$a JmT>m
~O go JX>m go Hy$Q> Hy$Q> ^[aò Aa gm df Om` V~ EH$ amo_ H$m{T>ò gmo Bg {d{Y H$mT>Vo H$mT>Vo
Omo ImS>m arVm hmo Om`, gmo `dhma n` Ho$ g_`m| H$s g`m H${hò Aa Ag`mV H$mo{S> df
Ho$ {OVZo g_` hm|` CVZo `dhma n` Omd|, V~ EH$ Cma n` H${hò&&51&& Aa Ag`mV
H$mo{Q> df Ho$ OoVo g_` hm|` CVZo hr Cma n` Omd| V~ EH$ Am n` H${hò& Aa Am n`
Xg H$moS>m H$moS>r Om` V~ EH$ gmJa H${hò& Eogr Xg H$moS>m H$moS>r gmJa H$s EH$ Adg{nUr, Aa
Xg H$moS>m H$moS>r gmJa H$s EH$ Cg{nUr gmo BZHo$ òH$ òH$ N> N> H$mb h& dVwAm| H$s epV
Aa Am`w H$m` g~ {Og {df| KQ>Vr Omdo gmo Adg{nUr Aa {Og {dfo ~T>Vr Om` gmo Cg{nUr&
CZ_| Adg{nUr Ho$ N> H$mb - n{hbm gwI_m gwI_m, XOm gwI_m, VrOm gwI_m XI_m, MmWm
XI_m gwI_m, nmMdm XI_m, N>R>m XI_m XI_m, ò Vmo Adg{nUr Ho$ H$ho Aa Cg{nUr H$mb
H$m n{hbm XI_m XI H$m, XOm XI_m, VrOm XI_m gwI_m, MmWm gwI_m XI_m, nmMdm
gwI_m, N>R>m gwI_m gwI_m&&59&&
CZ_| Adg{nUr H$mb H$m n{hbm gwI_m gwI_m, gmJa H$moS >m H$moS >r Mma 1, Aa XOm gmJa
H$moS>m H$moS>r VrZ 2, Aa VrOm gmJa H$moS>m H$moS>r Xmo` 3, Aa MmWm ~`mbrg hOma df KmQ> gmJa
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h Aa g_V Om{V H$s Omo _{U CZH$s {H$aU g~ hr {_b ahr h& CZ H$a ndr Eogr gmoho h _mZmo
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CZ H$a emo{^V m{U`m| H$mo gwIXmB, Eogo gwXa {J[a CZ H$a Yam {ZaVa gmoho h&&80&&
Aa OmoVramJ 1 JhmJ 2 XrnmJ 3 gy`mJ 4 ^moOZmJ 5 ^mOZmJ 6 dmJ 7 _mbmJ 8 fUmJ
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H$_b g_mZ _Zmoha H$m|nbm| H$mo Yao h& do H$mno b XrnH$ g_mZ AU Aa CmoVH$mar h&&83&&
Aa gy`mJ Om{V Ho$ H$ndj do Mma H$ma Ho$ AZoH$ Om{V Ho$ dm{Xm| H$mo CnOmdo h& dm{Xm|
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~mOm& BZ dm{Xm| H$mo {ZnOmdo h gmo Vy`mJ Om{V H$m H$ndj H${hò&&84&& Aa ^moOZmJ Om{V
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o bm B`m{X Am^yfUm| H$a emo{^V _hmZ ^mgo h r Aa nwfm| H$mo C{MV
Omo Am^yfU gmo Xodo h&&89&& Aa _mJ Om{V Ho$ H$ndj r Aa nwfm| H$mo _hm _Zmoha
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g_` XI Zht gwI go mU Ny>Q> &o nwfm| H$mo Vmo _aU g_` N>tH$ Amdo Aa p`m| H$mo O^mB Amdo
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CZH$mo XoIH$a h_mao ^` CnOm h& òo `m h? Ahmo dm_r! h_H$mo AH$_mV ^` CnOm h& `m
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BgH$o nrN>o VrOm Hw$bH$a jo_H $a m`m Cg g_` qgh `mK Am{X H$y aVm $n ^ò {VZH$m ^`
jo_H $a _oQ>Vm ^`m Omo Vw_ BZH$m {ddmg _V H$amo A~ ò H$_^{y _ Ho$ `moJ go {dH$ma H$mo m ^ò
h&&51&& bmoJm| H$mo jo_ H${hò Hw$eb H$m H$Vm Bggo jo_H $a Zm_m nm`m&&52&& gmo n` Ho$ hOmado
^mJ AnZr Am`w nyU H$a dJ bmoH$ H$mo J`m& BgHo$ nrN>o {\$a MmWm Hw$bH$a jo_Y a ^`m Omo
jo_Y a H$m Am`w n` Ho$ Xg hOmad| ^mJ CgHo$ g_` qgh`mKm{XH$ A`V H$y a ^ò V~ CZHo$
^` {ZdmaU AW Hw$b H$aZo bmoH$m| H$mo bQ>R> aImò&&53&&
H$mb nm` jo_Y a ^r XodbmoH$ H$mo J`m Cg g_` nrN>o nmMdm Hw$bH$a gr_H$a ^`m CgH$m
Am`w n` Ho$ bmId| ^mJ& BgHo$ g_` Om H$ndjm| Ho$ bmo^r nana {dgdmX H$aVo ^ò V~
Hw$bH$a djm| H$s gm`m H${hò _`mXm H$a CZH$m PJS>m _oQ>Vm ^`m gr_H$a ^r dJ H$mo J`m&
BgHo$ nrN>o {\$a N>R>o Hw$bH$a gr_Ya ^ò CZH$r Am`w n` Ho$ Xg bmId| ^mJ&&55&& gmo Am`w nyU
H$a dJ H$mo J`m CZHo$ nrN>o gmVdm Hw$bH$a {dnwbdmhZ ^`m gmo hm{W`m| H$s gdmar H$a H$sS>m
H$aVm ^`m&&56&& CgH$s Am`w n` Ho$ {H$amoS>d| ^mJ gmo ^r Am`w nyUH $a Xod ^`m CgH$o nrN>o
AmR>dm Hw$bH$a Mjw_mZ ^`m& CgH$s Am`w n` Ho$ Xg H$amoS>do ^mJ CgH$o g_` bmoH$ nwm| H$m
_wI XoIVo ^ò& A~ VH$ `h ar{V Wr {H$ {Og g_` nw H$m O_ hmo` Cg hr g_` _mVm {nVm
H$m _aU gmo AQ>_ Hw$bH$a Ho$ g_` _mVm {nVm nwm| H$m _wI XoIVo ^ò& Bg_o BgH$m Zm_ Mjw_mZ
bmoJm| Zo H$hm h& ho qMaOrd amOm! _Zo gVmZ H$m _wI XoIm Bg{bò Mjw_mZ Eogo bmoH$ Vw{V
H$aVo ^ò&&58&&
gmo Hw$bH$a Am`w nyU H$a XodbmoH$ Jò nrN>o Zmdm Hw$bH$a èdr ^`m CgH$m Am`w n` Ho$
gm H$amoS>dm ^mJ CgH$o g_` Om nwm| H$m Zm_ YaVo ^ò& A~ VH$ Zm_ Z Wm èdr H$m
{dVrU è bmoH$ H$aVo ^ò&&60&& gmo èdr ^r AnZm è {dVrU H$a ndr _o dJ bmoH$
^ò Cg nrN>o {\$a Xed| Hw$bH$a A{^M ^`m CgH$s Am`w n` Ho$ hOma H$mo{S>d| ^mJ CgH$o
g_` Om nw H$mo JmoX _o CR>m` MmX Ho$ g_wI a_mdVo ^ò Aa ^mOZ _| Ob S>ma M_m H$m
{V[~~ {XIm` ~mbH$m| H$mo a_mdVo ^ò Cggo BgH$m Zm_ A{^M H$hm`m gmo A{^M M_m
g_mZ Cdb è OJV _| JQ> H$a D$ bmoH$ Jò&&63&& BgHo$ nrN>o `mahdo Hw$bH$a Mm^
^ò CZH$m Am`w n` Ho$ Xe hOma H$mo{S>d| ^mJ gmo Am`w nyU H$a XodbmoH$ H$mo Jò CgHo$ nrN>o
~mahd| Hw$bH$a _Xod ^ò CZH$m Am`w n` Ho$ bmI H$mo{S>d| ^mJ& CZHo$ am` _| `wJb Ho$ {Z`_
H$m A^md ^`m Aa gVmZ ^ò nrN>o _mVm {nVm ~hV df OrdVo ^ò, Aa nw OmZVo ^ò ò h_maoo
_mVm {nVm h& `h A_wH$ H$m nw Eogo o H$hmdV ndr {dfo {g ^B gmo _Xod Hw$bH$a Am`w nyU
H$a XodbmoH$ H$mo Jò&&61&&
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Cggo nrN>o Voahdm Hw$bH$a goZ{OV AHo$bm hr O_m& `hm go `wJb gpQ> H$s ar{V {ZdV
^B& goZ{OV go H$Nw>H$ ngod H$m boe eara {dfo hmoVm ^`, Aa BZH$m {nVm BZH$mo {ddmh H$s
{d{Y H$a ~S>o Hw$b H$s H$`m naUmdVm ^`m& goZ{OV H$m Am`w n` H$o Xe bmI H$mo{S>d| ^mJ
gmo Am`w nyU H$a dJ bmoH$ Jò nrN>o {\$a MmXhd| Hw$bH$a Zm{âmOm ^ò {OZH$s Am`w H$mo{S> nyd
Aa {OZHo$ amO _| ~mbH$m| Ho$ O_ g_` Zm^r Zmb hmoVo ^ò CZHo$ N>Xo Z H$s {d{Y H$a Zm{^ amOm
H$hmò&&70&& `h MmXh Hw$bH$a H$ho CZH$s Am`w Vmo H$hVo hr Amò&
Aa H$m`m n{hbo Hw$bH$a H$s 1800 YZwf H$s Aa XOo H$s 1300 YZwf H$s Aa VrOo H$s 800
YZwf H$s Aa MmWo H$s 775 YZwf H$s Aa nmMd| H$s 750 YZwf Aa N>R>o H$s 725 YZwf Aa gmVd|
H$s 700 YZwf Aa AmR>d| H$s 675 YZwf Aa Zmdo H$s 650 YZwf Aa Xgd| H$s 625 YZwf Aa
`mahd| H$s 600 YZwf Aa ~mad| H$s 575 YZwf Aa Voahd| H$s 550 YZwf Aa MmXhd| H$s 525
YZwf&&72&& ò MmXh Hw$bH$a g_ MVwa gWmZ Aa dO df^ ZmamMghZZ Ho$ YmaH$ Aa J^ra
Aa CXma h _y{V {OZH$s Aa nyd ^d H$m kmZ h {OZH$mo do MmXh _Zw H${hò Hw$bH$a _Zw`m| _o|
~S>o h Aa H$_^{y _ H$s ar{V Ho$ domm h&&73&& BZ_| Mjw_mZ èdr goZ{OV ò VrZ Hw$bH$a Vmo
{`J_w {U gm[aIo `m_ gwXa h&&74&& Aa Mm^ M_m g_mZ JmaH$m{V {dVrU h ^m
{OgH$s ò Mma Hw$bH$a Vmo `m_ Aa Jma H$ho Aa ~mH$s Xe Vmò dU g_mZ ^m Ho$ YmaH$
h&&75&& ò MmXh hr Hw$bH$a _`mXm Ho$ ajH$ gd Cnm` Ho$ domm H$m_-{YH$ma XS> Ho$ H$mm
Zr{V Ho$ H$mm Om Ho$ {nVm g_mZ hmoVo ^ò A{YH$ h ~w{ {OZH$s&&76&&
JmV_ dm_r H$ho h - ho lo{UH$! Bg ^m{V gH$b Hw$bH$am| H$s Cn{m VwPo H$hr, A~ g_V
nmnm| H$m ZmeH$ lr G$f^Xod H$m M[a gwZ& G$f^ H$s Cn{m Aa O_m[^foH$ Aa am`m{^foH$
Aa amOZr{V Aa dam` Cn{m Ho$dbkmZ H$s m{ {ZdmU J_Z n`V ò gd H$Wm VwPo H$h h
gmo EH$mJ {MVH$a gwZ&&77&& `h bmoH$ g_V fQ> `m| H$a nyU h ò fQ> ` AH${_ h {OZH$m
H$moB CnOmdZ hmam Zht gmo nXmWm] H$mo Ho$dbkmZr hr Ho$ CnXoe go G$frda ^br ^m{V {Og {Og
H$mam go H$mbm{XH$ nXmWm] Ho$ kmZ {dfo Ordm| Ho$ A`V AkmZ h gmo ^JdmZ $n gy` H$m H$me
AkmZ {V{_a H$mo Xa H$ao h Aa nXmWm] H$m {V^mg H$ao h& H$gm h {OZ gy` H$m H$me, gXm
pWa h emo^m`_mZ h CX` {OgH$m H$^r ^r AV Z hmo`&&78&&
B{V lr A[aQ>Zo{_nwamUgJho h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm H$mbHw$bamon{mdUZ Zm_
g_ gJ&&7&&
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AmR>dm gJ
AWmZVa - `h MmXh Hw$bH$a _Zw H$hmE, gmo _Zw H$m AW H${hò _ZwOmW H${hE nwfmW
CgH$m _ZZ H${hò kmZ CgH$a BZH$s _Zw gkm ^B, gnwfm| Ho$ `mo` Omo n[aUm_ CZH$mo m Ê
h _Zw g_mZ _Zw`m| Ho$ n[aUm_ Zht&&1&& {Og g_` X{jU âV jo Ho$ _` H$n dj jrU
Ê Cg g_` Zm{^ amOm H$m _pXa ndr {dfo {g hmoVm ^`m&&2&& gwdU _B h VZ {OgHo$
ZmZm H$ma aZ _B h ^r{V {OZH$s Aa nwnm| H$s _mbm _mo{V`m| H$s _mbm _JmAm| H$s _mbmAm|
go emo{^V h _pXa CgH$m Zm_ gdVmo^ gmo _pXa B`mgr IUm H$moQ> ImB dmnr CndZm{X H$a
_pS>V&&4&& gmo Zm[âmOm Ho$ ^md goo dh EH$ gdVmo^ AZoH$ H$ndjm| H$a _pS>V ndr {dfo
emo^Vm ^`m&
^mdmW - g~ ndr _o H$ndj OmVo aho Aa Zm{âmOm H$m _{Xa H$ndjm| H$a emo^Vm ^`m&
AWmZVa - amOm Zm{^ Ho$ amUr _Xodr A{Vdb^ hmoVr ^B Ogr gmY_ B Ho$ eMr
BmUr db^m dgr Zm{^ Ho$ _Xodr hmoVr ^B dh _Xodr ~S>o de H$s {eIm_{U ~S>o de {dfo
CnOr h&&6&& qH${MV CV A{V gwXa nmdm| Ho$ AJw Q> XoXr`_mZ ZI _S>bm| H$a _{S>V _Xodr
Ho$ emo^Vo Ê _mZmo AnZr H$m{V H$a bbmQ> Ho$ XoIZo H$s dmN>m h {OgH$o&
^mdmW - ZIm| H$s `mo{V _| bbmQ> H$m {V{~~ Am` nao h&&7&& Aa _Xodr Ho$ XmoZm| MaU
emo^m H$mo YaVo ^ò& CZV h AJ^mJ {OZH$m Aa g{MH$U h gwXa h AmaV ZIm| H$s {H$aUm|
H$a H$_bm| H$s emo^m H$mo OrVVo Ê& Aa {OgHo$ MaU H$_b Hy$_ gm[aIo CZV emo^Vo Ê& H$go
h MaU H$_b, gwXa h AJaw r $n n {OZHo$ Aa JyT> h Jwb\$ H${hE Hy$`m {OZHo &&8&& Ama
H$m{V$n Ob H$o g_yh {df| J_Z Ama XmoZmo g_mZ A{V emo^m H$mo YaVo Ê&&9&& {OgHo$ MaU
gwXa _N> eIm{X bjUm| H$a A{V emo^Vo Ê _mZmo H$sS>m {dfo {` Ho$ ne go doX H$m g~Y
hr Yao h Ama {OgH$s OKm Jmob D$na go ZrMr Ama CVaVr AmB Ama amo_m| go a{hV {eam H${hE
Zg CZ H$a a{hV bmd` ag H$s âr _mZmo H$m_ $n YZwf Ymar Ho$ VaH$g hr h&&10&& Ama {Og
Ho$ XmoZm| OKm| H${hE JmoS>m _hm_X Ama JyT > h g{Y {OZ_| gmo rVH$ Ho$ Jm H$mo H$mo_b ne H$m
gwI XoVo Ê&&11&& gmo ggma {df| H$moBH $ H${d H$Xbr Ho$ W^ H$s Cn_m OKm| H$mo Xo h gmo H$Xbr
Ho$ W^ Jmob Aa XrKVm$n JwU H$mo Yao h VWm{n _mVm _Xodr H$s OKm g_mZ gwXa Zht& H$go
h H$Xbr W^, {OZ_o gma Zht Aa H$R>mao h Aa hmWr H$s gyS> g_mZ b~r h&&13&&
Cg{Y{ZV~M
Hw$H$Xa_Zmohao&
JwOKZ^maM ``m gmXX`_`Jm&&1&&
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{OgH$s Zm{^ _S>b J^ra _hm _Zmoha Aa X{jUmdV Jmob Aa amo_-amOr H${hE amo_m| H$s
npV CZH$a _hm _Zmoha Zm{âmOm H$mo hf H$m H$maU hmoVr ^B Aa {OgH$s H${Q> amo_ a{hV Jmob
Aa jrU Eogr _Zmoha gmoho _mZmo Hw$M Ho$ ^ma H$a {S>J Z Om` Aa {OgHo$ VZ XmoZm| H${R>Z Aa
_hm _X CZH$s emo^m H${hZo _| Z Amdo doB Ê MH$dm CZHo$ `wJb H$a CaWb g[aVm H$s `mB
emo^Vm ^`m&&17&& Aa {OgH$s XmoZm| ^wOm gwXa H$mYm| g{hV emo^Vr ^B AmaV h hWobr
{OZH$s _mZm| ò ^wOm H$m_ H$s nme hr h&&18&& Aa _mZmo `h _mVm g_w H$s bha hr h g_w H$s
bha Vmo eI _yJ m _mo{V`m| H$a gwXa h& Aa H$gr h _mVm, eImdV g_mZ h Jrdm {OgH$s Aa
_yJ m g_mZ h AYa nbd {OgHo$ _wVm\$b g_mZ XmVm| H$s CmoV H$a _hm _Zmoha h Aa _Xodr
H$m AVa_wI emo^Vm ^`m& AmaV h Vmbdm {Ohdm H$m AJ^mJ {OgH$m Aa H$mo`b go ^r A{V
gwXa h eX {OgH$m&&20&&
Aa {OgH$o H$nmob _{U Ho$ XnU g_mZ {Z_b emo^Vo Ê _mZmo rV_ Omo amOm Zm{âmOm gmo
{`m Ho$ _wI {dfo H$mM H$s ZmB AnZm _wI XoIm Mmho h, CgHo$ ò XmoZm| H$nmob gwXa Amago hr
g_wI h&&21&& Aa _Xodr H$s g_rMrZ Zm{gH$m H$m A{V _`W emo^Vr ^B g_m H${hò
g_mZ h A{YH$ D$Mr Zht Aa gnwQ>m H${hE g_mZ h XmoZm| nwQ> {OgHo$ _mZmo `h Zm{gH$m _`
{VQ>Vr gVr XmoZm| hr Zom| H$m nana CbKZ {Zdmao h& H$go h XmoZmo Zo, d{T>do H$s dT>r h nYm
{OZHo$&&22&& Aa {OgHo$ Zo XrKXeu doV `m_ AmaV {dU H$_b g_mZ emo^Vo h gmo H$U
g_rn VH$ h {dVrUVm {OZH$s, XmoZm| Zo XrKVm H$a H$mZm| VH$ H$Q>mj H$mo Yao h gmo `h XmoZm|
H$U XmoZm| Zom| Ho$ {_ h gmo AnZo AnZo {_m| go Zo _ H$ao h&&23&& Aa {OgH$s ^mho gy_ h
aoIm {OZH$s Aa XmoZm| nana KZo Xa Z KZo {_bo MT>mE YZwf g_mZ gwXa emo^Vo Ê&&24&& Aa
{OgHo$ bbmQ> H$s emo^m H$mo AQ>_r H$m M_m Z nmdVm ^`m gmo bbmQ> Vmo A{V D$Mm Z A{V
ZrMm h Ogm Mm{hE, dgm h gmo AQ>_r H$m M AZoH$ Cnm` H$a ^r bbmQ> H$s _Zmo`Vm Z bhVm
^`m&&25&&
Hw$S>bm| H$a Cdb h H$nmob {OgHo$ Eogr _Xodr CgHo$ H$U `wJb H$s Cn_m XoZo H$mo H$moB
nXmW Zht& H$U `wJb A{V _Zmoha H$mo_b h Aa XmoZmo g_mZ h Aa _Zmoha h {OZdmUr Ho$ ldU
H$aUhmao h Aa {OgHo$ [ea H$s emo^m dMZ Ho$ _mJ go AJmoMa h& H$gm h {ea, Zrb H${hò `m_
Hw$ {MV H${hò Q>To >,o pZY H${hò {MH$Zo gy_ H${hò ~marH$ Aa KZo H${hò A{V gKZ XrK Eogo
h Ho$e {OgHo$ {\$a H$gm h {ea, g_ H${hò Z D$Mm h Z ZrMm h Ogm Mm{hE dgm h Aa {OgHo$
_wI_S>b H$s emo^m H$a nyU_ mgr H$m M _S>b hmaZo Ho$ ^md H$mo m ^`m gmo _mZmo Am{Y
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H${hò _Z `Wm H$a nmS>w H${hò Yygam hmo` J`m h&

^mdmW - Omo qMVm H$a Jgm J`m hmo` gmo nmS>w amoJ H$mo m hmo`& `h _mVm _Xodr Vmo ~hma
H$bm H$a `wV Aa M_m H$s _y{V gmobh H$bm H$s YmaUhmar Aa _Xodr {ZH$bH$ Aa MH$bm
H$bH$ H$a `wV gmo _Xodr Ho$ _wI H$s emo^m M_m H$go nmdo&&29&& Aa r H$mo ndr H$s Cn_m
XrOo h gmo ndr Vmo H$R>mao Aa ne JY dU BZ JwUm| H$s YmaH$ Aa _mVm _Xodr p`m| H$s gpQ>
_| CH$Q> Mmg R> Oo JwU CZH$a `wV A{VH$mo_b gmo _Xodr H$s Cn_m ndr H$go ~Zo&&30&&
Aa _Xodr n{V go rV H$s âr A{V g{MH$U ew h {Mm Am_m {OgH$m gmo Ob BgH$s
Cn_m H$go nmdo Ob Vmo OS>m_m h Aa `h kmZm_m Aa Ob Vmo qH${MV pZY Aa `h _hmpZY
Aa Ob H$m Zm_ {df ^r h A_V h& `h Ho$db A_V hr h Aa Ob H$s Ymoar AJUò m H${hò
na H$s oar Mmbo h Aa `h dV d^md Y_ _mJ {df| Mmbo h gmo BgH$mo Ob H$s Cn_m H$hm
Aa BgH$s _y{V H$mo ApZ H$s Cn_m XrOo ApZ Vmo XhZ d^md Aa `h em{V d^md h `{n
ApZ XoXr`_mZ h H$me $n h Aa VoOmo_` _y{V h VWm{n Bg g_mZ ApZ _| VoO Zht& Bg
g_mZ XoXr`_mZ H$me_mZ ApZ Zht Aa BgH$s g_Vm g_ra H${hò ndZ gmo H$go nmdo& ndZ
_| Vmo EH$ ne JwU gmo H$^r Vmo ndZ H$m ne gwI H$m H$Vm Aa H$^r gwI H$m hVm Aa `h
_Xodr XeZ H$a Zm{^ amOm H$mo gXm A{V gwI H$mm&&33&& Aa AmH$me g~Yr epV `{n
ew H${hò {Z_b h VWm{n _Xodr H$s g_mZVm H$go nmdo AmH$me epV {Z_b h VWm{n OS> h&
Aa `h {dbjU h Aa AmH$me epV Vmo ne H$a a{hV h {H$gr H$a neu Zhr Aa `h _Xodr
H$gr h, âVma Ho$ X` H$mo nyU ne} h Aa MmXh H$ma Am^yfU H$ndj H$a aMo {OgHo$ AJ
Ho$ gJ H$a emo^m H$mo m Ê&
^mdmW - Am^yfUm| H$a _mVm H$s emo^m Zht, _mVm Ho$ AJ H$a Am^yfU gmohVo Ê&&35&&
Cg _Xodr g{hV Zm{^ amOm dJ bmoH$ g_mZ ^moJ ^moJdo h& CgH$m dUZ H$aZo H$mo ~hn{V Aa
ewH$ H$s ^r epV Zht&&37&&
AWmZVa - gdmW{ g{ go M` H$a Am{X VrWH$a Ho$ _Xodr Ho$ J^ _o AmZo Ho$ N> _mg aho
V~ hr go amOm Ho$ Ka AmJZ {dfo B H$s Amkm go YZn{V {ZaVa aZm| H$s Ymam AmH$me go
dfmdVm ^`m&&38&& Aa {Xem Aa {d{Xem go hf H$s âr {XHw$_mar lr, r, Y{V, H$s{V, ~w{,
b_r Am{X {Z`mZd| AmB& do Xodr ^JdmZ Ho$ _mVm {nVm H$mo Um_ H$a B H$s Amkm go _Xodr
H$s godm H$aVr ^B Aa Eogr dmUr _mVm H$mo H$hVr ^B - ho _mV! Vw_ ZmXmo {daYmo \y$bmo \$bmo
{MaH$mb Ordmo, h_ H$mo Amkm Xodmo Omo Vwhmar Amkm hmo` gmo H$a|&&41&& H$`H$ Xodr Vmo na_
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AmM` H$mo m ^B _mVm $n Omo bmd` gm^m`m{XH$ JwU $n g_w H$m dUZ H$a| Aa H$`H$
_mVm H$s em {dm, {bIZ {dm, JYd {dm, J{UV {dm B`m{X AmJ_ nydH $ AZoH$ {dm
Aa AZoH$ H$bm H$r Omo drUVm _mVm {dfo CgH$s egm H$ao _mVm g_mZ gd H$bm {dfo Hw$eb
OJV _o H$moB Zht&&43&&
Aa H$`H$ Xodr AnZmo Vr drUm{XH$ H$s drUVm _mVm H$mo {XImVr ^B Aa H$`H$ ZmZm
H$ma Ho$ ~m{X ~Omd| h Aa H$`H$ H$mZm| H$mo agm`Z Vw` _Ywa JrV Jmdo h H$`H$ XodmJZm hmd^md{dbmg H$s âr Zom| H$mo A_V Vw` AX^Vw Z` H$ao h& H$gr h Z` mJ mam{XH$ Zd ag H$s
h CH$Q>Vm {Og {dfo Aa gwXa h A[^Z` Z` H$bm {Og {dfo&&45&& Aa H$`H$ Xodr gwXa h
H$a nbd {OZHo$ gmo _mVm Ho$ nmd nbmoQ>Vr ^B Aa H$`H$ hmW XmdVr ^B&&46&& H$`H$
Vobm`J H$aVr ^B H$`H$ D$VZ H${hò C~Q>Zm bJmdVr ^B Aa H$`H$ _mVm H$mo ZmZ H$amdVr
^B& H$`H$ ZmZ d YmodVr ^B&&47&& H$`H$ Am^yfU nhamd| h H$B`H$ _mVm Ho$ gwJY
bJmdVr ^B& H$`H$ ZmZm H$ma Ho$ dHw$w Mm {bò IS>r h, H$`H$ d nhamdo h H$B`H$ Am^yfU
nhamdo h H$`H$ \y$bm| H$s _mbm JyW o h H$`H$ _mVm H$s Xoh H$mo mJ ma H$ao h ^moOZ H$amdo h H$`H$
ZmZmH$ma H$s gm_Jr `mdo h&&49&&
H$`H$ Ho$e gdmao h H$`H$ _mVm H$mo Vm~b
y Xodo h H$`H$ Jh Ho$ H$m` {dfo Vna h H$`H$ AJ
H$s godm {dfo gmdYmZ h&&50&& H$`H$ XnU {bò IS>r h H$B EH$ Mda T>mao h H$`H$ N> {bò
D$^r h H$`H$ nIm H$ao h&&51&& H$`H$ Xodr _mVm Ho$ AJ H$s ajm {dfo Vna IS>JH$a g`w V
h H$a Ho$ AJ^mJ {OZHo$ Jh amjg ^yV {nemMm{XH$ go ajm H$ao h, gXm gmdYmZ h&&52&& H$`H$
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^m{V am{ _| Aa {XZ Xo{d`m| H$a _mVm godZrH$ hmoVr ^B gmo Bg bmoH$ {dfo AmnH$m gm H$ma Amam|
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VrWH$a H$s Cn{m _mVm {nVm Zo {ZM` OmZr&&55&&
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^B&&56&& EH$ {XZ eaX Ho$ ~mXam| g_mZ Cdb _pXa AJa H$s Yyn H$a gwJY Cg {dfo _hm
gwXa goO Omo {H$ _hm _Zmoha dm| H$a emo{^V CgHo$ D$na e`Z H$aVr ^B& am{ Ho$ {nN>bo nha
_hm ew^ $n gmobh gwnZo [Z{Y g_mZ Xb^ {OZH$m XeZ gmo XoIVr ^B& W_ hr g\o$X hmWr
XoIm _mZmo dh hVr ~S>m amOm h Aa XmZ Ho$ AWu Omo ^_a BZ H$a JmBò h è {OZH$m A{V
Mwa XmZ H${hò _X CgH$s YmamH$a ^tO aho h gwS> Aa H$nmob {OgHo$&
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^mdmW - Ogo XmZoda Zaoda Ho$ {ZH$Q> XmZ Ho$ AW `mMH$ Am` è Jmd| Vgo _Xmo_m Omo
JOamO Cg na ^_a JO
w ma aho h&&59&& XOo dZ _| df^ XoIm gwXa h AmH$ma {OgH$m _mZmo `h
df^ A{V Cdb _hm CV gwXamH$ma df H${hò Y_ hr H$m d$n h gmo df^ JOVm XoIm
gmo AnZo ZmX H$a X~m`m h {Vn{j`m| H$m ZmX {OgZo&&60&& VrOo dZo _| CN>bVm Zmha XoIm
ZI XmT> Aa Ho$emdbr CZ H$a emo{^V _hm VoO $n XoIm _mZmo n{hbo _mVo hmWr H$m H$WZ {H$`m
gmo dmHo$ _X H$mo amoYZo AW _mZmo Zmha Ty>T >Zo hr Am`m h&&61&& MmWo dZ ZmZm H$ma Ho$ aZmo
H$a O[S>V Omo dU Ho$ H$be H$_b {OZ H$a AmN>m{XV h _wI {OZH$m _hm n{d Ob H$mo âo
CZ H$a b_r H$m A[^foH$ XoIm do H$be _hm eX H$aVo b_r Ho$ {ga na nhM
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_oKm| H$s KQ>m Q>mno H$a ndr H$m A{^foH$ XoIm dgo b_r H$mo XoIm&&62&&
nmMdo dZo _| Xmo _mbm AmH$me {df| bQ>H$Vr XoIr gmo ZmZm H$ma Ho$ nwnm| H$a JyW r h Aa
b~r h Aa _hm gwJY gdXe
o m| H$mo gwJY H$aZo dmbr h _mZmo g~ G$Vw H$r emo^m ôbr hmo` H$a
^w H$s godm Ho$ AW AmB h&&63&& Aa N>R>o dZo _o M_S>b XoIm _mZmo M_S>b H$s `m_m
H${hò am{ gmoB ^B `m_m H${hò Zm{`H$m CgZo ^w H$mo N> MT>m`m h N> Ho$ ZrMo XS> hmo` h
Aa M Ho$ ZrMo {H$aUm| H$m g_yh h gmo hr XS> OmZmo& H$gr h {Zem$n Zm{`H$m, Vmam$n h
AmâU {OgHo$&&64&& gmVd| dZo _| D$JVm gy` XoIm gmo _mZmo nyd {Xem $n r Zo _Jb Ho$
AW H$be hr Wm`m h, H$be qgXa H$a AmaV hmo` h Aa gy` g`m H$s bbmB H$a bmb dU
H$mo Yao h&&65&& AmR>d| dZo _| Ob H$sS>m H$aVo Xmo _rZ XoIo gmo _mZm| do _rZ _mVm Ho$ Zo H$mo
CbmhZm XoZo Amò h& H$go h _mVm Ho$ Zo, AnZr MnbVm H$a OrVr h _rZm| Ho$ Zom| H$s MnbVm
{OZZo&&66&&
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{VZH$mo XoIZo Amò h& Hw$Mm| H$mo H$be H$s Cn_m h gmo _mVm Ho$ Hw$Mm| g_mZ H$be H$ho& H$go h
H$be, _Z Ho$ haZo hmao h Ob H$a nyU h, Aa {dVrU h KZ h H$R>mao h Aa Hw$M ^r n` H${hò
XY H$a âo h&&66&& Aa Xgd| dZo _| gamoda XoIm& H$gm h gamoda, CS>S > H${hò \w$pbV
nwS>arH$ H${hò g\o$X H$_b CZH$m h g_yh {Og {dfo Aa amO hgm| H$a `wV _Zmoha h Aa aW
nmX H${hò MH$dm {VZH$mo Am{X Xo ZmZm H$ma Ho$ Omo njr CZHo$ ZmX H$a nyU h gmo _mVm Zo gamoda
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nwS>arH$ H${hò loR> {VZH$m AmoK H${hò g_yh {Og {dfo Aa amO hg Oo ~S>o amOm BZ H$a _Zmoha
h& Aa aW n`mXo JO Adm{XH$ H$o eX H$a emo{^V h&&68&&
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`mahd| dZo _| H$bmobmo H$a ~T>Vm g_w XoIm& H$gm h g_w, Mwa Oo _rZ CZHo$ {_WwZ
H${hò `wJb Aa CZ_of H${hò CXKm{Q>V h pQ> {OZH$s Eogo _H$a H${hò _Ja_N> {VZH$mo Am{X
Xo Oo ObMa Ord CZH$s am{e H$a gnUy h _mZmo g_w AmH$me g_mZ hr h AmH$me ^r Zrb dU
^mgo g_w ^r Zrb dU ^mgo Aa AmH$me {dfo ZdJh _rZ _of {_WwZ _H$am{X am{e H$a nyU Aa
`h ^r _H$am{X _rZ am{eH$a nyU& &69&& ~mahd| dZo _| qgh$n h nmò OmHo$ Eogm qghmgZ XoIm&
H$gm h qghmgZ, Mmam| nmAm| Ho$ qgh _hm ~b h ^wO$n V^ {OZHo$ Aa moQ> h CXKm{Q>V pQ>
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H${hò Om H$mo Yao h&&70&&
Voah_o dZo _| XodVmAm| H$m {d_mZ XoIm _mZmo dh {d_mZ dJ hr H$s gwXaVm H$m g_yh
_Zw`m| H$mo {XIm`do H$mo Am`m h gwXa h JrV {OZHo$ Eogr XodmJZmAm| H$a _mZmo Am`m h&&71&&
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bmoH$ H$mo OrVZo H$s BN>m H$a Am`m h ZmJ Hw$_mar Xo{d`m| H$a CnOr h emo^m OmHo$&&72&& nh_|
dZo _| _hmaZm| H$s am{e XoIr gmo aZ am{e AnZr XoXr`_mZ {H$aUm| H$a _oK a{hV AmH$me {dfo
_mZmo {dOwar Aa B YZwf H$s emo^m H$mo {dVmao h& H$gr h aZ am{e, A^ H${hò AmH$me CgH$mo
ne} h&&73&& gmobd| dZo _| {ZYy_ A[Z XoIr _mZm| hf H$a \y$b J`m Omo AmH$me Cggo Ho$gydm|
Ho$ nwnm| H$m g_yh hr nS>m h gmo ApZ A{V {Z_b Aa ^_ Omb H$s {ZdV H$aUhmar gmoho h& ò
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_mZm| df^Xod hr df^ Ho$ $n _mVm Ho$ CXa _o| AmE&&75&& ò gmobh dZo XoI H$a _mVm A{V
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Y_ h Omo dm_r H$mo AmZX CnOmdo Bgr H$a godH$ H$mo H$VmWVm h&&76&& _mVm Vmo Amn hr
OmJV$n h naVw {XHw$_mar OJmZo Ho$ AW _mVm H$mo Eogo ew^ eX H$hVr ^B gmo do eX Ho$db
_Jb hr Ho$ AW h Aa _mVm Vmo OmJV$n h Xodr H$hm eX H$ho gmo gwZmo - ho {d~wYmW H${hò
ho _mVm! Vy H$gr h, OmZm h nXmWm] H$m ah` {OgZo gmo Vy {d~w`md H${hò OmJ, ho {ddYZo
H${hò d{ ${nUr! A~ Vy g~H$mo AmZX ~T>m Aa ho Xodr! {dO` bbr H$s dm{_Zr Xodr nyU
h _ZmoaW {OgHo$ gmo Vy {dO` Ho$ ^md H$mo m hmo&&77&&
ho _mVm! A~ `h M_m Vwhmao _wI$n M H$mo XoI H$a bOmdV hmo` ^m a{hV hmo` J`m
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h Vwhmam _wI {ZH$bH$ Aa JwUmH$a H${hò JwUm| H$s ImZ Aa M_m Xmofm H$[hò am{ CgH$m
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{Z\$b {S>JVr ^mgo h& H$gr h XQ> H$s {_Vm, A`V gwI {dfo h amJ {OgH$m Aa jU _m
_| amJ {_Q> Om` h Aa `h gmP ^r W_ Vmo amJ H${hò AmaV$n ^mgo h& Aa jU _m _|
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_Jb Ho$ AW C_r ^B h& H$gr h nyd {Xem, H$me $n Omo A~a H${hò AmH$me gmoB h A~a
H${hò d {OgHo$ Aa Xr`_mZ Omo gy` gmoB h {VbH$ {OgHo$ Aa H$gr h r, H$me_mZ
A~a H${hò d Am^yfU CZ H$a gmoho h Aa `mo{V $n {VbH$ H$mo Yao h Ogr dm^yfU
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h A{^bmfm {OgHo$ _mZmo Vwhmam XeZ H$a Vwhmao MaUmo| H$s Mmb grIm Mmho h, Aa ò dj _X
ndZ H$a hmbVo hE JQ> h _y{V {OZH$s gmo _mZm| Vw_H$mo AnZo Z` H$m Ama^ {XImdo h Aa ò
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A~ ^mV ^`m, Vw_ e`m VOmo& Bg ^m{V dXr OZm| Zo _mVm H$s Vw{V H$ar V~ _mVm goO H$mo
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Ohm Aa H$gr h goO, nwn h $n VaJm| H$m h g_yh Ohm dh _mVm Cdb d nha H$a Cdb
_hb go {ZH$gr hB H$gr gmohVr ^B Ogr eaX G$Vw Ho$ ~mXbm| go {ZH$gr M H$bm gmoho h& H$gr
h MH$bm, Aa H$gr h _mVm, YmV H${hò Cdb h N>m`m H${hò H$m{V {OgH$s&&89&&
lrXodr Am{X {XHw$_m[a`m| Zo H$sE h mJ ma {OgHo$ Aa n{hao h ZdrZ ^yfU {OgZo Aa J^
Ho$ _` {damOo h Am{X nwf {OgHo$ Eogr dh _mVm Zm{^ amOm Ho$ {ZH$Q> JB Ogo _oK_mbm ndV
H$o {ZH$Q> Om`, ^y^V Zm_ amOm H$m h, Aa ^y^V Zm_ ndV H$m h& H$gr h _mVm, YaZlr H${hò
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A`V h emo^m {OgH$s Aa YZlr Zm_ _oK_mbm H$m ^r h&&90&& amOm qghmgZ na {damOo hò
CZHo$ VmB Um_ H$a CZHo$ {ZH$Q> ~R>r amOm Zo ~hV {dZ` {H$`m EH$ qghmgZ na XmoZm| {damOo
amUr H$a H$_b OmoS > b_r H$s `mB b_rn{V go gmobh dZo XoIo hAm| H$m dmmV H$hVr
^B&&91&& dh OJV H$m {nVm amOm Zm{^ dZm| H$m dmmV {Mm {dfo AdYma H$a H$hVm ^`m&
ho mU{ò! VrZ bmoH$ H$m ZmW Am{X VrWH$a Voao J^ {dfo Am` m ^`m& BZ dZm| H$m
\$b Xa Zht ZOXrH$ hr h Aa \$b An Zht _hm \$b h Bg{bò Vy _oao dMZ H$s Vr{V H$a
Voao J^ {dfo ^JdmZ {ha` J^ Amò, N> _hrZo VH$ aZm| H$s dfm hmoVr ^B& Aa {XHw$_mar Xodr
godm H$ao h gmo `h dmVm Vmo OJV {dfo {g h Omo {OZamO H$m O_ BZHo$ hmodJo m gmo AmO AnZm
_ZmoaW {g ^`m h& ho {ò! gd H$`mU H$m ^mOZ Omo Voam nw CgHo$ O_ H$a Vy gdWm OJV
H$mo AmZX H$s H$Vm hmodJo r&&95&& Bg ^m{V dZ H$m \$b gwZH$a AnZo J^ {dfo {OZoda H$mo
CnOm OmZ _Xodr Xr{ Aa H$m{V H$mo YaVr gVr A{V hf H$mo m ^B&&96&& VrOo H$mb _|
Mmamgr bmI nyd Aa VrZ df Aa gmT>o AmR> _hrZm ~mH$s aho V~ Amn gdmW{ g{ M` H$a _mVm
Ho$ J^ {dfo Amò AgmT> ~Xr XmoÒ CmamfmT> Zj {dfo OZZr OJV ny` H$mo J^ _| YmaVr
^B&&97&& AZwH$ _ go J^ Ho$ ~T>Vo gVo _mVm Ho$ eara H$s H$m{V ~T>r& Aa CXa Z ~T>m {dbr H$m
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^md H$mo Xoh {dfo YmaVr ^B `h AX^Vw ~mV h ~S>m AmM` do ^w OJV Ho$ gy` _mVm Ho$ J^
{dfo Eogo Eogo {VR>o Ogo Ob Ho$ {df| gy` H$m {Vq~~ Am` m hmo`, Omo H$Xm{MV _mVm H$mo J^
H$m IoX hmo` Eogm OmZ OJXrda A{b {damOo&&100&& {XHw$_m[a`m| H$a gmo`m Omo _mVm J^
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dfm hB Zd _hrZo nyU ^òo V~ CmamfmT> Zj {dfo _mVm Ho$ J^ _| go {OZamO H$m O_ ^`m, Ogo
_oK Ho$ CX` _| go {ZH$gm gy` gmoho dgo OZZr Ho$ J^ go {ZH$gVm {OZamO emo^Vm ^`m& ^JdmZ
Vmo VrZ ^wdZ Ho$ gy` h Aa _mVm nyd{ Xem g_mZ n{d h Aa _mVm H$m J^ H$m \${Q>H$ _{U
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dVu&&5&&
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Pmar hmW _| {bò IS>r h, A{V Mnb H$mZm| Ho$ Oo Hw$S>b CZHo$ H$me H$a XoXr`_mZ h H$nmob
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Mma {dwHw$_mar {MH$m, {MH$modbm, {MH$m^m, {MH$^m ò Mma do AmR> {dwHw$_mar Xodr
OmV H$_ {dfo drU h gmo g~hr VrWH$am| Ho$ O_ {dfo JrV JmZm{X H$a Cgd H$a| {Og g_`
{OZo H$m O_ ^`m Cg g_` n{hbo Jd ò H$ go boH$a gdmW{ g{ VH$ VoBg gm {d_mZm| Ho$
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H$aVo ^ò Aa AnZo AnZo WmZH$ {VR>Vo hr VrW}da H$m `mZ H$aVo ^ò, {ZO WmZH$ N>mSo >H$a
Ahq_m| H$m Aa WmZH$ _| J_Z Zht, MVwa{ZH$m` Ho$ Xodmo Ho$ _wH$w Q> Z` Jò Aa {OZamO Ho$ O_
Ho$ ^md go g~ Bm| Ho$ AmgZ Mbm`_mZ ^ò Aa ^dZdmgr Xodm| Ho$ bmoH$m| {dfo AH$_mV eI
d{Z ^B, Aa `Vam| Ho$ ôar ZmX ^`m Aa `mo{V{f`m| Ho$ qghZmX ^`m Aa dJdm{g`m| Ho$ KQ>m
H$m eX ^`m, ò eX AH$_mV ^ò Aa VrZ bmoH$ {dfo g~ Ordm| Ho$ gwI CnOm&&21&&
AmgZ H$nm`_mZ hmoZo H$a n{hbo dJ H$m gmY_ B A{V AmM` H$mo m ^B h ~w{
{OgH$s gmo {Mm _o qMVdVm ^`m {H$ _ B nwaX a eH Eogm H$mZ Omo _wPo Z {JUo _oam AMb
qghmgZ Cgo H$mZ H$nmZo H$mo g_W h Xod XmZdm| H$m g_yh _hm namH$_r Omo H$moB _mogo {d_wI hmo`
Cgo _ XS> XoZo H$mo g_W&&25&& Eogm H$mZ Omo _oam nam^d H$ao Omo A{V ~mb A{V _wY doN>mMmar
AkmZr hmo` gmo {ZeH$ {Z^` m`m {~Zm {dMmao H$ao gmo Eogm bmoH$ _| H$moB Zht gmo _oar Adkm H$ao
Omo _oam `h qghmgZ {H$hm|Zo H$nm`m Aa _oam _wH$w Q> {H$Z Zo Zdm`m, VrZ ^dZ {df| VrWH$a Xod
Q>ma Eogm ~b namH$_ Aa H$m Z XoIy h Eogm OmZ H$a Ad{Y {dMmar&&26&&
V~ XoXr`_mZ Ad{Y kmZ Zo H$a O~y rn Ho$ âV jo {df| Am{X VrWH$a CnOo OmZo&&27&&
V~ AmgZ go CVa gmV nS> Om`H$a hmW OmoS >H$a Z_H$ma {H$`m Aa ho {OZoe! Vw_ O`dV hmo
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dmo Eogm eX {H$`m&&28&& {\$a Om` qghmgZ na ~R> {dMma H$aVo _m hr AnZo g_rn Omo goZmn{V
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H$m Omo g_yh gmoB h hgm| H$s npV {Og {df|&&44&&

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jragmJa Aa ZmZ H$amdZ hmao Bm{XH$ Xod Eogr gm_Jr Amam| H$mo H$hm hmo`&&70&&
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hr nmS>w H$dZ $n amOVo ^ò&&92&& Aa do VrZ bmoH$ Ho$ EH$ {VbH$ {VbH$H$a _{S>V gmohVo ^ò
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Am^yfU CZHo$ AJ Ho$ gJ H$a gmohVo ^ò&&93&&
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gmobh CXJ_& Aa gmobh CnmX Xmof&&88&& Xe EfUmXmof Aa Yy_ AJma _mU Aa g`moOZ ò
N>`mbrg Xmof CZH$a a{hV& `h mgwH$ ag G${f`m| Ho$ boZo `mo` h&&89&&
V~ ^JdmZ ewm_m dV H$s d{ Ho$ AW nm{Unm H$a dfd| {XZ nmaUm H$aVo ^ò& XmoZm|
nmd ~am~a aI H$a IS>o IS>o Amhma H$aVo Ê& _w{ZamO Ho$ Amhma H$s {H$`m H$s {d{Y bmoH$moo H$mo
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nS>m& V~ ^w Ho$ Amhma {bò nrN>o nMmM` Ê& aZ dfm, H$ndjm| Ho$ nwnm| H$s dfm& gwJY
Ob H$s dfm erVb _X gwJY ndZ Aa Y` Y` dMZ&&90&& AmH$me {dfo XodH$V Eogo eX
hmoVo Ê& Omo Y` `h XmZ Aa Y` `h nm Aa Y` `h XmVm& Aa Y` `h _w{Z Ho$ XmZ H$s
{d{Y Eogo Y` Y` eX hmoVo Ê& Aa AmH$me {dfo Xod XX^r ~mOo& CZHo$ eX _oK H$s d{Z
H$mo OrVo&&91&&
lo`mg Ho$ XmZ Ho$ è H$s am{e H$a VrZ bmoH$ nyU Ê, VrZ bmoH$ _o| lo`mg H$m è {dVam,
è Ho$ g_yh H$a {Xem$n Zm[a`m| Ho$ _wI Cdb Ê& Aa erVb _X gwJY ndZ Eogr dmOr
_mZmo {Xem$n AJZm doB ^B XodmJZm CZHo$ _wI go {ZH$go ò gwJY dmg hr h& Aa \y$bm| H$s
dfm AmH$me go ^B gmo _mZmo lo`mg Ho$ gw_Z H$s d{m AVH$aU _| Z g_mB gmo gpQ> {dfo ~agr
gw_Z Zm_ nwn H$m h& Aa gw_Z Zm_ gnwfm| Ho$ _Z H$m h& gmo _mZmo `h nwndpQ> hr ^B
Hw$d{e`mo H$o gw_Z H$s dpQ> hr dfu&&94&& Aa lo`mg Zo `moJt Ho$ H$a nm {dfo Bjaw g H$s Ymam
S>mar& CZH$s nm hr H$a _mZmo Xodm| Zo AmH$me go aZ Ymam dfmB& {OZZmW H$mo nyOo {\$a Vn H$s
d{ Ho$ AW Y_ VrW Ho$ H$mm G$f^ gmo Vmo dZ _| JE Aa XmZVrW H$m H$mm gmo_^ H$m bKw
dra lo`mg CgH$mo ZmZ H$am` Xodm| Zo nyOm&&96&& Aa OJV {dfo è ^`m& ò g_mMma A`mo`m
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Ho$ {dfo âV Zo gwZ&o Omo XmZ n{V H$mo Xodn{V nyOVo Ê& V~ âV Am{X ^yn{V ^r Am` H$a
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A{V lm H$a `wV âVm{XH$ nyN>o h& CZH$mo XmZn{V lo`mg XmZ H$s {d{Y H$ho h& _w{ZamO Jh
Ho$ {ZH$Q> Amdo&
V~ lmdH$ Eogo H$ho h - ho dmq_d_ {VR> {VR> - ò dMZ H$hH$a _w{Z H$mo nS>Jmho h&
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na CZH$m H$maU h& nMmV _wpV H$m H$maU h& `h XmZ XmVm H$mo dJ _wpV Xo h&&1&& Bg ^m{V
gwZm h `WmW XmZ H$m d$n {Ohm|Zo Eogo âVm{XH$ ^yn lo`mg H$s ~ma~ma egm H$a XmZ Y_
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nyU {df| `m_ dU A{V gmoh&o &5&&
EH$ {XZ {dhma H$aVo nwa{_Vmb ZJa Ho$ {ZH$Q> m ^ò& Ohm amOm df^goZ âV H$m N>mQo >m
^mB AmnH$m nw gmo amO H$ao&&6&& Cg ZJa Ho$ gH$Q>Zm_m dZ _hmdQ> Ho$ dj Vbo `mZ Ya
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jnH$ loUr aU^y{_ g_mZ h Ogo aU^y{_ _| eyadra ew H$m Zme H$ao& dgo jnH$ loUr {dfo
_hm_w{Z _moh H$m Zme H$ao, ^JdmZ AmXrda _hm Cgmh $n JO na MT>&o amJm{XH$ na goZm H$m
Zme H$aVo ^ò&&8&&
n{hbo Vmo ^w Zo _mohamO H$mo goZm g{hV {ZnmV {H$`m& {\$a kmZmdaUr XeZmdaUr Aa
AVam` ò Aa EH$ hr gmW hZo V~ Mma Km{V`m| Ho$ j` go Ho$dbkmZ CnOm& g_V ` JwU
n`m` g{hV {dbmoH$o bmoH$mbmoH$ H$m AdbmoH$Z ^`m V~ MVwa{ZH$m` Ho$ Xod Bm| g{hV Amò Ogo
J^ O_ Vn {dfo Amò Wo dgo Ho$db H$`mUH$ _| g~ AmE& ^JdmZ Ho$ H$_m] Ho$ OrVZo H$m è
JmdVo ^ò& ^JdmZ MmVrg A{Ve`, AQ> m{Vhm` Aa AZV MVwQ>` CZ H$a g`w V gmohVo
^ò&&13&& Aa âV MH$dVu H$mo EH$ g_` VrZ ~YmB bmoH$mo Zo XrZr - EH$ H$ho ^w H$mo Ho$db
CnOm& Aa EH$ H$ho Vwhmar Am`wYembm {dfo MH$ CnOm, EH$ H$ho Vwhmao nw CnOm V~ âV
A{V h{fV hmo` n{hbo ^w Ho$ XeZ Am`m& BdmHw$der, Hw$der, ^moOder, CJde
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~S>o amOmAm| g{hV MVwaJ goZm H$a emo{^V g_mogaU {dfo Om` Ho$db A{Ve` H$a _{S>V na_oda
H$s nyOm H$a Um_ H$aVm ^`m& Cg g_` âV H$m N>mQo >m ^mB df^goZ AZoH$ amOmAm| g{hV _w{Z
^`m& g`_ AJrH$ma H$a n{hbm JUYa ^`m&&16&&
Aa amOm gmo_^ Aa lo`mg XmoZm| ^mB O`Hw$_ma H$mo amO XoH$a _w{Z ^ò& Aa b_r_Vr
O`Hw$_ma H$s _mVm Am`m ^B Aa O`Hw$_ma AnZo ^mB`mo g{hV gwI go am` H$ao Aa lr G$f^Xod
H$s nwr ~mh_r Aa gwXar XmoZm| _hmYra H$s YaUhmar AZoH$ am{U`m| g{hV Am`H$m ^B& g~
Am`mdm| H$s `h dm{_Zr ^B& lrG$f^Xod H$s Ho$db {d^y{V AmM`H$mar XoI AZoH$ Yra
g`d g{hV dV AmXao H$BEH$ _w{Z ^ò, H$BEH$ Am`m ^B& H$B lmdH$ ^ò& H$B lmdH$m ^B
Aa H$BEH$ MVwW JwUWmZ Ho$ YmaH$ AdV g`pQ> ^ò& {OgH$s Ogr gm_W ^B Cgr _mU
dV Vn erb AmXao& AZoH$ r nwf nX_amJ_{U g_mZ h hWobr {OZH$s& Aa BZrb_{U
g_mZ h Ho$e {OZHo$ gmo AnZo hmWm| H$a Ho$e CnmS>Vo A{V gmohVo ^ò& W_ AdWm amJ$n Wo
gmo drVamJ^md H$m gJ nm` H$a {damJr ^ò&&20&& dam` Ho$ YaUhmao do ^Òrd _hm {ddoH$s
CZHo$ Ho$em| H$s ZmB eara Ho$ {dfo ^r __d Z ahm& Ogo Ho$e CnmS>o dgo Xoh H$m Zoh ^r VOm {OZHo$
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G$f^ H$m g_dgaU ~mah `moOZ {dVma ^`m&&22&& Ohm {OZemgZ Ho$ A{YR>mVm XodVm
_hm ^md Ho$ Ymar Y_ MH$dVu Oo ^JdmZ Am{XZmW CZH$mo Z_H$ma H$aVo ^ò&&23&& A{VMH$s
h Zm_ {OgH$m Eogr {OZemgZ H$s godH$ Xodr {OZoda H$m Aa _wZr H$m XeZ nm` A{V h{fV
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`VaZr, N>R>r g^m _| ^dZdm{gZr, gmVdt g^m _| ^dZdmgr Xod, AmR>dt g^m _| `Va Aa
Zd_r g^m _| `mo{Vfr r, Xedt g^m _| dJdmgr, `madt g^m _| Za|m{XH$ _Zw` Aa
~mahdt g^m _| {V`M - `h ~mah g^mAm| H$m dUZ {H$`m&&26&& VrZ bmoH$ Ho$ Ord {OZemgZ
Ho$ ldU$ H$s BN>m H$a {VR>&o Ohm W_ JUYa df^goZ Chm|Zo G$f^Xod H$mo nyN>m O~ {OZ$n
gy` AnZr ^mfm$n {H$aUm|H$a _moh$n AYH$ma H$mo Xa H$aVo ^`m| H$mo {V~moYVo ^ò& AYamo H$m
{_bmn Z hmo` Aa aM_m IoX Z hmo`& Bg ^m{V {X`d{Z H$a gH$b ôX Y_ Ho$ {dVma H$a
H$hVo ^ò&&28&&
B{V lr A[aQ>Zo{_nwamUgJho h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm G$f^ZmWH$d`mon{mdUZ
Zm_ Zd_ gJ g_mV&&9&&
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AWmZVa - Y_ H$m `m`mZ H$aUhmao Am{X nwf Zo CZ bmo` Ordmo Ho$ {ZH$Q> Y_ H$m
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A{ZN>m nydH $ {X`d{Z H$a Vd H$m {ZU` {H$`m&&1&& ggma Ho$ VaZo H$m Cnm` Omo VrW CgH$m
d$n VrWZmW Zo {XIm`m& gmo OJV Ho$ Ord VrW H$m d$n {ddoH$ pQ> H$a XoIVo Ê& H$gm
h Y_ VrW, J^ra h AW {OgH$m gdWm H$ma JQ> h& V~ {OZo $n {XZH$a dMZ$n {H$aUm|
Ho$ CmoV H$a AW H$m H$me H$a|& V~ {_`md$n AYH$ma H$hm aho& H$moB hr {ZH$Q> ^` Ord
{OZda Ho$ hmoVo hE {_`md$n {V{_a H$mo Z Jh&o &3&& OJV Jw {OZoda `h Amkm H$aVo Ê&
gd gwI H$m H$aUhmam Y_ hr Ordm| H$mo gd `Z H$a H$m` h& `h Y_ m{U`m| H$mo {hV Ho$ AW
h&&4&& MVwa{ZH$m` Ho$ Xodm| {df| Aa _Zw`mo| {df|& Omo Bp` O{ZV gwI Xo{Iò h& gmo gd gwI
H$m H$aUhmam Y_ hr Ordm{ZHy$ gd OVZH$[a H$m` h& `h Y_ mUrZ Ho$ j`H$[a Cn`m Omo
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gmo `WmW Z H$h&&11&& gdk drVamJ hr `WmW H$h& gdk Ho$ ^mfo gy {VZ_| E ôX n`m`&&1&&
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AZwH$ _ H$[a hm{U H$hr& Aa g`mV JwUr d{, Ag`mV JwUr d{, AZV JwUr d{, `h
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erVmonMma H$a _yN>m {Zdmar V~ gMoV hmo` `h dMZ H$hVm ^`m Omo hm ^mdVr H$hm JB&&11&&
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dZ _| {dbmd Zo ^fo& CgHo$ ^jU {dfo XI go _aU ^`m gmo gwbmoMZm Zo g~ dmmV H$hm {H$
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gwbmoMZm Zo {dVma go H$hm& gmo gwZH$a g~ aUdmg AmM` H$mo m ^`m&&24&& nmM ^d H$m
g~Y {`m Aa rV_ H$m CgH$o _aU go nyd ^d H$s {dm XmoZm| H$mo {g ^B& gmo {dm Ho$
^md H$a XmoZm| AT>mB rn {dfo {dhma H$aVo ^ò&&25&& {OZ| H$s dXZm nydH $ Y_ AW H$m_ H$mo
nmofVo gw_o H$Xam {dfo XmoZm| a_Vo ^ò&&27&& Hw$bmMbm| Ho$ VQ> Ohm {H$a Xodm| Ho$ _Zmoha JrV {dfo
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^ò&&29&&
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erb H$s ewVm _hm egm `mo` h& erb H$s ewVmH$a Oo n{d h CZ _Zw`m| Ho$ Xod ^r qH$H$a
h&&31&& ~hV df O`Hw$_ma AnZo N>mQo >o ^mB {dO` g{hV ndr H$m am` H$aVm ^`m gwXa h r
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g{hV gw_ao m{XH$ AZoH$ {Ja na H$sS>m H$a OJV Jw H$s dXZm Ho$ AW Am`m gmo ^w H$s dXZm H$a
AnZr {`m H$mo H$hVm ^`m h - ho {ò! bmo` n{V gwa Agwa _Zw` {V`Mm| H$a _pS>V AQ>
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ò df^goZ Am{X ZmZm G${ H$a `wV ^w Ho$ {ZH$Q> _w{Z`m| H$s g^m _| gma JUYa h&
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gma hr Wo BH$hmad| ò ^ò Aa O`Hw$_ma gwbmoMZm go H$ho h - ho H$mV!o `h ~mhw~br Ho$dbr

AnZo ^mB Oo _w{Z CZ g{hV Eogm gmoho h Ogm Aa djm| H$a ~S>m dj gmoh&o &38&& ho Xodr! `h amOm
gmo_^ h_mam {nVm h AnZo N>mQo >o ^mB lo`mg g{hV _w{Z ^`m Vn $n b_r H$a doT>` m ~hV gmoho
h&&39&& Aa `h Voam {nVm AH$nZ AnZo hOma nwm| H$a g{hV `{V ^`m gmo _w{Z`m| H$s g^m _|
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p`m| Ho$ H$moR>o _| ~R>r h&&43&&
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bmI nyd ~mH$s aho V~ _w{Z ^ò EH$ hOma df Vn {H$`m hOma df KmQ> EH$ bmI nyd Ho$dbkmZ
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Vn H$s Ywam Yar H$B dJ Jò H$`H$ _moj Jò Bg ^m{V gy` de Ho$ CnOo AZoH$ ^yn ew^ J{V Jò
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gmo_der AZoH$ amOm _mom H$mo m ^ò nMmg bmI H$mo{S> gmJa G$f^ H$m VrW dVm&&10&&
{\$a A{OVZmW ^ò BdmHw$de {dfo Xmo de {ZnOo âV Ho$ nw go gy`d e
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dOmH $ CgHo$ dOgw Xa CgHo$ dO_I
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dJ Jò G$f^ Ho$ VrW {dfo AZoH$ Zn{V `{V ^ò&&25&&
{\$a G$f^ H$mo _wpV Jò nMmg bmI H$mo{S> gmJa `VrV ^ò& V~ gdmW{ g{ go XOo
VrWH$a A{OVZmW JQ> ^ò gmo Ogm nM H$`mUH$ H$m dUZ G$f^ H$m ^`m Vgm A{OVZmW
H$m OmZmo&&26&& CgHo$ g_` XOm MH$dVu gJa ^`m Ogm {Z{YaZ H$m dm_r âV {g dgm
hr gJa&&27&& CgHo$ AmR> hOma nw ^ò _hm a_UrH$ h MoQ>m {OZH$s Aa ^mB`m| _| nana
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V~ g^m {dfo {OVZo Y_m_m n{S>V narjm Ho$ H$aUhmao ~R>o Wo, Chm|Zo ZmaX H$s egm H$ar&
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dMZ OmZVm hdm ^r PyR>m ~mobm& Jw H$m dMZ Vmo `hr Wm Omo AO H${hò ~moò Z D$Jo Eogo {Vdafo
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CgH$mo {YH$ma Xo` H$a ZJa go {ZH$mgm&&55&& Aa ZmaX g`dmXr {ZH$nQ> CgH$s dmX{dfo g^m
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_o OrV ^B& gmo g~Zo egm H$ar Aa Y` Y` H$hm Aa nyOmH$a bmoH$ AnZo AnZo WmZ H$mo
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hmW g^m {dfo AmB Aa dgwXdo H$s egm H$m J^ra ZmX g^m {dfo {dVaVm ^`m&&63&& dh
JYd goZm AZwamJ H$s âr dgwXdo Ho$ H$R> {dfo da_mbm S>maVr ^B& Ogo JYd XodmJZm JYd Xod
H$mo dao dgo JYd goZm dgwXdo H$mo daVr ^B&&65&& MmXm goR> `WmoV {d{Y H$a BZ XmoZm| H$m
{ddmh H$a {Zd m ^`m&&66&& Aa gwJr d Aa èmoJr d ò Xmo drUm {dm Ho$ A`mnH$ Wo JYd
em Ho$ nmR>r CZ XmoZm| Zo AnZr H$`m dgwXdo H$mo naUmB& Aa ~hV h{fV ^ò, do VrZm| H$`m
JwU H$a MVwa CZ g{hV _hm _Zmoha Xodm| H$gr H$sS>m dgwXdo H$aVm ^`m&&68&& XoImo ^` Ord hmo!
jw nmn go {H$gr H$ma dgwXdo H$mo {dmYa dar Zo ham Aa AmH$me {dfo Xa bo J`m Aa OmH$a
D$Mo go S>mao gmo _hmgamoda {dfo Am` nS>,o Zht h H$moB Aml` {OgHo$ Aa nw` Ho$ ^mdH$a `hm
VrZ amUr naUo& `h nw` H$_ m{U`m| H$mo CH$Q> bm^ H$a g`w V H$ao h, Eogm OmZ H$a Oo Cm_
Ord h do {OZ^m{fV Y_ {dfo `Z H$amo `h {OZY_ hr Ordmo H$m ~Yw h&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm dgwXdo JYdgZo m{XdUZmo Zm_
EH$moZqde gJ g_m&&19&&
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~rgdm gJ
{dUwH$w _ma _mhm`

AWmZVa - amOm lo{UH$ JmV_ JUYa go nyN>Vm ^`m - ho ^mo! {dUwH$w _ma Zo dbr H$mo
H$go ~mYm? V~ JmV_ dm_r amOm lo{UH$ go H$hVo ^ò - ho lo{UH$! `h {dUwH$w _ma dm_r H$s
H$Wm g`H$ XeZ H$s ewH$aU hmar ^`m| Ho$ gwZZo `mo` VwPo H$hVm h, gmo Vy gwZ&&2&& CO`Zr
ZJar {dfo amOm lrY_ {g nQ>amUr _hm emo^m`_mZ lr_Vr A{V JwU H$a âr Aa _r Mma _
_mJ Ho$ domm CZHo$ Zm_, ~{b 1 ~hn{V 2 Z_w{M 3 hb
mX 4 ò Mma& EH$ {XZ mXemJ Ho$ nmR>r
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AW bmoJ dZ _| OmVo Wo `y g_w CbQ>o `y gmam ZJa Om` Wm gmo XoIH$a amOm _{`m| H$mo nyN>Vm
^`m&&6&& Omo AmO `m h? {dZm g_` gH$b bmoH$ H$hm Om` h V~ ~br ~mobm - ho amOZ!
AkmZr `{V Amò h gmo AkmZr bmoH$ XoIZo H$mo Om` h&&7&&
V~ amOm ^r J_Z H$s BN>m H$aVm ^`m& _{`m| Zo ~Om naVw amOm Zht ahm ~bmH$ma go J`m
_r ^r gmW Jò, Om` H$a Hw$N> MMm H$aVo ^ò, AmMm` Zo n{hbo hr g~ _w{Z`m| H$mo {ejm Xo
amIr Wr {H$ `hm XOZ m| H$m A{YH$ma h, gmo Vw_ _mZ a{h`mo gmo g~ _mZ hr {VR>o Wo {H$gr Zo
BZH$mo nrN>o Owdmd Z {X`m _mZm$T> aho& amOm Ho$ gmW _r ^r dm{ng Amò& gmo EH$ lwVgmJaZm_m
gmYw {OZZo AmMm` H$s {ejm Z gwZr Wr n{hbo hr ZJa _| Jò Wo gmo AmdVo BZ XoI&o amOm Ho$
{ZH$Q> _mJ _| gmYw go _{`m| Zo MMm H$ar& _r {_`m _mJ H$a _mo{hV gmo dm_r Zo Z` _mU
Ho$ _mJ H$a OrVo&&10&& Aa Jw Ho$ {ZH$Q> Jò Jw Zo H$hm - Vw_ ^bm Zht {H$`m, gK H$mo Cnd
{H$`m& V~ lw{VgmJa _w{Z Ohm CZgo dmX ^`m Wm, Cgr OJh Am` H$a H$m`mogJ {VR>&o am{
{dfo do nmnr _w{Z H$mo _maZo H$mo Amò gmo dZ Ho$ Xod Zo BZH$mo H$sbo gmo ^mV ^ò bmoJm| Zo {YH$ma
{H$ò& amOm Zo CZH$mo Hw$Q>ram{X {Xdm` Xoe go H$mT> {X`m, gmo `h Mbo Mbo hpVZmnwa Jò&
gmo n{hbo amOm _hmnX_ MH$dVu Wo, CZHo$ AmR> H$`m gmo {dmYa ha bo Jò Wo&&12&& gmo
do ewerb gdJo H$s YmaUhmar MH$dVu Ho$ `mom bo Amò gmo do H$`m Am`m Ho$ dV YaVr ^B
Aa do AmR>mo {dmYa _w{Z ^ò& `h dmmV XoI MH$dVu AnZr nX_Zm_m amUr b_rnVr Ho$ CXa
go CnOm òR> nw Cgo am` Xo N>mQo >m nw {dUwH$w _ma Cg g{hV {XJ~a ^`m& H$gm h MH$dVu,
AVXohr H${hE {Ogo Aa Xoh YmaUm Zht, Bgr ^d go bmoH$ {eIa nYma|J&o A~ nX_ am` H$ao
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Aa {dUwH$w _ma aZ` Ho$ YmaH$, Vn H$aVo ^ò Ogo ZXrn{V Z{X`m| H$m Aml` hmod,o dgo `hr
AZoH$ G${`m| H$o dm_r hmoVo ^ò, Aa nX_ {dUwH$w _ma H$m ~S>m ^mB hpVZmnwa H$m am` H$ao gmo
nX_ H$m Zdm am` CgHo$ am` _| EH$ qghdb Zm_ JT>n{V JT> Ho$ db amOm Ho$ Xoe _| Cnd H$ao
gmo amOm Ho$ CgH$s$ {MVm& dbr Am{X Mmam| nX_ Ho$ Am` aho gmo dbr qghdb H$mo ~mY amOm Ho$
g_rn bo Am`m& `h nmnr Mmam| Xoe H$mb Ho$ domm amO{dm _| drU gmo amOm nX_ Ho$ YmZ ^ò&
O~ dbr qghdb H$mo ~mY bm`m V~ amOm Zo A{V g hmo` dbr H$mo H$hm - Vy da _mJ&&17&&
V~ dbr amOm H$mo Um_ H$a amOm H$m dMZ Yamoha amI amOm H$mo H$hm - AmnH$m dMZ ^S>ma
_| aho gmo O~ _ MmhJ m Cg g_` byJ m, Bg ^m{V BZH$m H$mb `VrV hmo`, BZH$m amOm Ho$
A{YH$ma ^`m&&18&& H$ EH$ {XZ _| dhr AH$nZmMm` hpVZmnwa Ho$ CmZ {dfo MmVw_m{gH$ `moJ
YmaVo ^ò, BZH$m dmmV gwZ _r AnZo nmn go S>ao Omo h_Zo BZH$mo Cnd {H$`m Wm gmo eH$m $n
{df Ho$ âo {ZamH$aU Ho$ AW Cnm` {MVVo ^ò&&20&& dbr Zo OmH$a nX_amO n da _mJm - ho
^mo! _wPo Omo da {X`m Wm gmo A~ gmV {XZ H$m am` Xmo&&21&&
V~ amOm ~br H$mo gmV {XZ H$m am` Xo Amn A` H$s `mB Ka {dfo ahm Aa dbr am`
H$ao gmo _w{Z`m| H$mo Cnd H$aVm ^`m&&22&& Ohm `{V {VR>o Wo CgH$s Mm{JaX `k Amaô gmo
gmYwAm| H$mo Yy_ H$s A{V ~mYm ^B amV Aa {XZ hmo_ {H$`m Aa bmoH$ ^moOZ H$a| CZH$s OyR>r nmb|
gmYwAm| H$s Amoa S>mar, Aa _mQ>r Ho$ OyR>o eamdm Am{X Cgr Va\$ S>mao&&23&& gmo dh gmYw CngJ
Ho$ ghZhmao _Zw` H$V CngJ OmZ H$m`mogJ Ya {VR>,o Aa `hr {Z`_ H$aVo ^ò Omo Bg CngJ
go ~M|Jo Vmo Amhma-nmZr b|Jo Zht Vmo g`mg h& Cg g_` {dUwH$w _ma Ho$ Jw {_{Wbmnwar {dfo
{damOo Wo, do _hm{X` kmZr X`m H$a g`w V Eogo dMZ H$hVo ^ò Omo AH$nZmMm` Am{X gmV gm
_w{Z`m| H$mo _hm ^`H$a CngJ ~V} h&
`h dMZ gwZ EH$ nwnXV Zm_m jwbH$ lmdH$ `mHw$b hmo` nyN>Vm ^`m - ho ZmW! H$hm
CngJ hmo` h? V~ dm_r Zo H$hr hpVZmnwa _| hmo` h& V~ CgZo nyN>m - dh CngJ H$go Xa hmo?
V~ Jw Zo H$hm {dUwH$w _ma _w{Z H$mo {d{H$`mG${ CnOr h gmo gwZ CgH$o ^md go {_Q>&o `h B
go ^r A{YH$ epV CZ_| h& V~ jwbH$ ^r {dmYa h gmo g~ dV Ymao V~ bm{H$H$ {dm g~
VOr Wr naVw Y_ Ho$ {Z{_m amIr Wr gmo {dm Ho$ ^md H$a VH$mb jwbH$ {dUwH$w _ma Ho$
g_rn Om` Jw H$m H$hm gH$b dmmV H$hVm ^`m, gmo {dUwH$w _ma H$mo gwY ^r Zht, Omo _wPo
{d{H$`m G${ CnOr h& jwbH$ Zo H$hm V~ OmZm Aa {dm H$s narjm Ho$ AW ^wOm ngmar gmo
H$hr Z AQ>H$s, Xa Mbr JB&&30&& V~ dm_r Zo OmZm Omo _moho G${ CnOr V~ VH$mb AnZm
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^mB Omo nX_ am` H$ao h CgHo$ g_rn Jò dh BZHo$ nmdm| _| nS>m&&31&&
V~ {dUwH$w _ma Zo H$hm - VZo `h `m Ama^m? Omo Voao am` _| _w{Z`m| H$mo CngJ hmod&o
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H$m` H$Xm{n Z ^`m {_`mpQ> bmoH$ Vnpd`m| H$mo CngJ H$aVo hmod,| Aa amOm Z _oQ>o Vmo dh amOm
H$mho H$m? Cggo Y_ H$s d{m H$hm go hmodo Ogo ObVr ApZ _hm ~b h Vm ^r ObH$a ~wP,o
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Zht& Ogo Ob _hm erVb h naVw Vnm`m hAm ApZ `mB Obmdo do _w{Z H$Xm{MV H$mon H$mo Ô|
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Am{XH$ H$m Zme Z hmodo Cggo n{hbo Vy Cgo A_mJ go {Zdm H$a, {db~ _V H$a&&38&&
V~ nX_ Zo Z_H$ma H$a H$hr - ho ZmW&&1&& _ gmV {XZ H$m am` ~br H$mo {X`m Omo _oam
de Zht gmo Amn hr OmH$a Cgo g_Pmdmo dh AmnH$s Amkm _mU H$aoJm, Eogo amOm nX_ Zo H$hm
V~ {dUwH$w _ma dm_Z $n Yma H$a ~br Ho$ {ZH$Q> Jò Aa H$hVo ^ò - VZo WmoS >o {XZ Ho$ OrZo Ho$
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H$a _hm Vn H$a| CZgo of H$mZ H$ao& Bggo Vy BZH$m CngJ Q>ma, _mX H$a Omo H$m` VZo {H$`m
gmo A~ Bg H$m` go nrN>o Amd&&44&& V~ ~br ~mobm Omo ò _oao am` go Omdo Vmo CngJ H$s
{Zd{m hmo` Aa ^m{V Zht&&45&&
V~ {dUwH$w _ma Zo H$hm - do `moJm$T> h, MmVw_m{gH$ _| J_Z Z H$a|, do dVr eara H$m `mJ
H$a| naVw dV ^J Z H$a| Bggo `h H$a - _ ~m_Z $n h gmo _oao nmdm| go _mnr VrZ nS> ndr
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dhm ò ah Cg {gdm` EH$ na A{YH$ _| Z {dMa| Omo {dMao Vmo _ _m$Jm _wPo Xmof Zht&&48&& dh
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~br A{dZ`r H$nQ>r gn g_mZ _hm XQ> d^md Cgo de H$aZo H$mo _w{Z {d{H$`m G${ Ho$ YmaH$
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dm_r Zo AnZm {d{H$`m H$m $n {XIm`m MmX gy` H$mo CbJ H$a eara D$Mm J`m& Aa EH$ nJ Vmo
gw_o na Yam Aa EH$ na _mZwfmoma ndV na Yam Aa VrOo na H$s Bggo X~mdZo H$a V~ dh M{H$V
hmo` J`m& VrOm na dm_r Zo AmH$me na Yam V~ _w{Z Ho$ ^md H$a VrZ bmoH$ jmo^ H$mo m ^ò&
`m h `m h `h d{Z OJV {dfo ^B {H$a JYd Am{X Xod AnZr p`m| g{hV drUm
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bmo` Ho$ ZmW h Xod _Zw` Aa Agwa CZH$o ^r ZmW h CZH$s egm H$aZo `mo` H$mZ naVw
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^`m h _Z {OZH$m gmo hmW OmoS > H$a H$hVo ^ò - ho dm_r&&54&& Vwhmar G${ A~ gH$moMmo,
Vwhmao Vn Ho$ ^md go VrZ bmoH$ H$nm`_mZ ^ò&&55&& Xod {dmYa JYd {H$a drUm ~Om`
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_w{Z`m| H$m CngJ Xa ^`m, Aa ~br H$mo ~mY Xod Xa S>ma Amò Cg Xam_m H$m {ZJh {H$`m, Cgo
Xa Zgm`m&&58&& Cg g_` XodbmoH$ H$s VrZ drUm Xod `mò gmo {dmYam| H$mo XB& Kmofm Zm_m
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hmo` OJV H$m {ZVma H$a _moj Jò&
`h {dUwH$w _ma H$m Mm[a nmnm| H$m Zme H$aUhmam Omo ^pV H$a gwZo gmo g`d H$s ewVm
H$mo m hmod&o &62&& ndr _| H$mZ h Omo gw_o H$mo WmZH$Vo Mbmdo Aa MmX gy` H$mo AmH$me go
^y{_ {dfo S>mao Aa g_w H$mo Mbm`_mZ H$ao ò Ag^d ~mV h, gmo H$moB Z H$a gHo$ Aa gmYw H$s
AVw` epV h CZH$mo H$moB H$m` {df_ Zht Omo Mmh| gmo H$a| naVw Omo H$m` H$Xm{n Z hdm hmo gmo
Z H$ao {OZ_mJ H$m Vn CgH$s Omo d{m gmoB ^B b_r CgH$m h g`moJ {OZHo$ Eogo `moJr {OZHo$
AZV epV $n Ho$db G${ JQ> hmo` CZHo$ Aa G${ H$m `m AmM` h&
B{V lr A[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm {dUwH$w _ma_mhm`dUZ Zm_
qde{VV_ gJ&&20&&
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BH$sgdm gJ
AWmZVa - JYd goZm H$mo {dmYa H$s nwr OmZ H$a Aa Omo amOmAm| H$s gnXm H$mo CbKo
Eogr MmXm H$s {d^y{V XoIH$a dgwXdo EH$ {XZ MmXm go nyN>Vo ^ò, dgwXdo `Xde
{df| loR>
Aa gwXa JmoR>r Ho$ ldU H$a CnOo h gwI {OZH$mo Amn CXma M[a h, Aa Amam| Ho$ CXma M[a
{OZH$mo A{V {` h, MmXm H$mo Hw$_ma nyN>o h - ho ny`&&1&& Eogr gnXm Omo amOmdm| Ho$ Zhr gmo
AmnZo H$go CnmOu& Aa ^m` nwfmW Omo Vw_ {dfo h gmo Aa {df| Zht `h AX^Vw _{h_m H$go
JQ>r Aa `h {dmYa H$s nwr H$go AmB? `h gH$b H$Wm _wPo ZrHo$ H$hmo& _oao H$mZm| H$mo `h H$Wm
A_V H$s dpQ> g_mZ A{V {` h gmo Amn A_V H$s dpQ> H$a|&&4&&
Bg ^m{V Hw$_ma Zo MmXm go O~ nyN>m V~ dh Iwer hmo` A{V AmXa go H$hVm ^`m - ho
Yra! Vw_Zo ^br nyN>r `h g~ dmVm _ H$h h gmo gwZmo&&5&& Bgr Mnmnwar {dfo EH$ goR>m| H$m dm_r
_hm YZdmZ ^mZwXm Zm_m {g goR> CgH$s r gw^m&&6&& g`XeZ H$s _hm ewVm H$mo do
XmoZm| goR> goR>mUr YmaVo ^ò Aa XmoZm| hr ZmZm H$ma AUwdV Ho$ Ymar CZH$m gwI go H$mb `VrV
hmo`, gXm AmZX gmJa {df| _Z hr ah, Aa XmoZm| hr `mdZdV&&7&& dh gwI go H$mb `VrV
H$a| {H$gr ~mV H$s ^r {MVm Zht naVw gw^m H$o nw H$s dmN>m CnOr _Z _| {dMmaVr ^B - Omo
_ Eogm n{V nm`m Aa Eogm YZ nm`m Aa Eogm $n nm`m naVw nw {dZm gmoho Zht, gmjmV JhW
nX H$m \$b nw H$m _wI H$_b XoIZm hr h&&8&&
`h A{^bmfm Ya dh {OZnyOm Aa XmZm{X {df| {deof dVu& EH$ {XZ MmaU _w{Z H$mo
gw^m, nw H$s Cn{m Ho$ AW nyN>Vr ^B&&9&& do Ad{YkmZr Ad{Y {dMma goR>mZr H$mo H$nm H$a
H$hVo ^ò, Omo Vwhmao erK hr nw hmodJo m Aa A{V loR> hmodJo m `h Amkm H$a _w{Z Vmo {dhma H$a
Jò, Aa WmoS >o hr {XZm| _| _ CZHo$ nw ^`m gmo _oam MmXm Zm_ Yam Aa ~S>m Cgd {H$`m&&11&&
O~ _ ~S>m ^`m V~ _wPo lmdH$ Ho$ dV {Xò Aa gd H$bm _Zo grIr Aa _ ~mb M g_mZ `y
`y d{ H$mo m ^`m `y `y _mVm {nVm Aa ~mYdm| Ho$ {Mm {dfo hf $n g_w H$s d{ H$aVm
^`m&&12&& Aa _oao {_ damh Jmo_I
w h[aqgh V_moVH$ _^y{_ ò nmM _oao g_mZ d`, gmo _wPo
A{V {`&&13&& CZHo$ g{hV _ H$sS>m H$aZo AW aZ _mbZr Zm_m ZXr na J`m, gmo ZXr Ho$ nw{bZ
_| {dmYar Aa {dmYa a{V H$sS>m H$aVo XoIo gmo _ _Z _| OmZm ò {dmYa h nwnm| H$s goO na
H$Xbr Jh {df| Ho$b H$ao h CZHo$ a{V gKQ>Q> H$a nwn Aa nbdm| H$s goO _{bZ hmo JB Wr gmo
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_ Vmo AmJo WmoS >r hr Xa J`m nrN>o H$moB CZH$m ew {dmYa nhM
m gmo ew Zo CgH$mo bmoh H$s H$sbm|
H$a OS>m, dh ew CZHo$ {ZH$Q> IS>J Aa IoQ> {bò aV Zo IS>m&&17&&
gmo h_H$mo XoI ew Vmo Q>b J`m Aa Cg ~Yo {dmYa Zo VrZ {X` Amf{Y JyT> Wr gmo _wPH$mo
goZ H$a ~VmB, V~ _Zo VrZmo Amf{Y boH$a CZH$m `Z {H$`m AmfYm| Ho$ Zm_ MmbZ 1 CH$sbZ
2 Aa dU gamohU 3 gmo _ MmbZ AmfY H$a Cgo Mbm`m Aa CH$sbZ H$a CH$sbm Aa ~U
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nwfm| H$m XeZ ^`m&&33&& Aa Vw_ Eogm {Mm {dfo {dfmX Z H$amo, Omo _wPo dar Zo H$sbm `h g~
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H$sS>m Ama^r gmo yV H$sS>m {dfo Xm H$m CmamgZ OrVm&

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eaU CZH$mo Ca {dfo YmaVo ^ò& Aa H$hVo ^ò AT>mB rn {dfo EH$ gm gma Am` jo CZ_| Y_
hr H$s d{m h CZ_| Oo Ho$dbr ^ò Aa h Aa hmod| CZH$mo h_mam Z_H$ma hmod&o &27&& h_
gm_m`H$ H$a| V~ VH$ gH$b nmn `moJ VOo h `h nmR> nT> XmoZm| {ddoH$s H$m`mogJ boH$a
IS>&o &28&& ew {_ {dfo gwI XI {dfo OrdZ _aU {dfo h_mar g_Vm h& bm^ Abm^ {dfo
h_mar g_Vm h& gmV dmgmodmg _mU IS>o ah H$a hmW OmoS > {ea Zdm` MVw{de{V VrWH$am| H$m
VdZ nT>Vo ^ò&&30&&
W_ G$f^ Xod Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma A{OV Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma g^d Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma, A{^ZXZ
Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma, gw_{V Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma, gwnmd Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma, M^ Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma,
nwnXV Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma, erVbZmW Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma& g~ hr Ordm| Ho$ nmbH$ Aa b_r Ho$
dm_r H$`mU$ Ho$ H$Vm Omo lr lo`mgZmW CZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmod,o dmgwny ` Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma
hmod&o do dmgwny ` bmo` H$a ny` h Mnmnwar {dfo {OZHo$ H$`mUH$ H$s nyOm AMb h&&34&&
{\$a {d_b, AZV, Y_ZmW Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma Aa amJm{XH$ amoJm| H$s em{V Ho$ AW lrempVZmW
Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma&&35&& {\$a Hw$WwZmW Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma& AaZmW Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma& _pbZmW Ho$
VmB Z_H$ma& H$go h _pbZmW, _m`m {_`m {ZXmZ `h VrZ e` $n _b CZH$o _gbZo dmbo
h Aa Ordmo H$mo _w{ZdV Ho$ Xm`H$ lr _w{ZgwdV ZmW CZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma&&36&& {\$a dgwXdo Aa
JYdgZo m H$ho h BH$~rgdm VrWH$a lr Z{_ZmW CgHo$ VmB Z_H$ma hmodo {OgH$m Adma âV jo
VrW h&
^mdmW - O~ VH$ Zo_ZmW H$m O_ Z hmodo V~ VH$ Z{_Zmm H$m VrW H${hò gmo {OZ {XZmo|
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_| dgwXdo {ZH$go h CZ {XZm| _| Z{_ZmW H$m hr VrW h&&37&& {\$a dgwXdo H$ho h ~mBg_| dm_r
VrWH$a dm_r A[aQ>Z{o _ VrW Ho$ H$Vm h[ade$n AmH$me {dfo M_m g_mZ CmoV H$aJo o CZHo$
VmB h_mar ~ma~ma Z_H$ma hmo&&38&& {\$a lr nmdZmW {OZ| CZHo$ VmB Z_H$ma, lr d_mZ
_hmdra Ho$ VmB Z_H$ma& gd VrWH$a Aa gd JUYa Xodm| Ho$ VmB h_mar ~ma~ma Z_H$ma
hmod&o &39&& Aa ^JdmZ Ho$ H${_ AH${_ g~ M`mb` Aa gd {V_m CZHo$ VmB h_mar
Z_H$ma&&40&& Bg ^m{V dgwXdo Aa JYdgZo m _hm^pV go ^w H$s Vw{V H$a h{fV ^`m h
{Mm {OZH$m Amò h amo_mM {OZHo$ _mWm Zdm` JmoS>o H$a YaVr {dfo bJm` ^w H$mo Um_ H$aVo
^ò&&41&&
{\$a nyd ar{V CR>H$a H$m`mogJ Ya nMna_oR>r H$m n{d Vmo CmaVo ^ò&&42&& AhX `
H${hò lr AhV Xodm| Ho$ VmB gdXm gXm H$mb, gd {go` H${hò g~ {gm| Ho$ VmB, Aa
gd^{y _fw H${hò g~ ^y_r {dfo AmMm`}` H${hò AmMm`m] Ho$ VmB, {\$a Cnm`m` gmYw`
H${hò Cnm`m` Aa Oo gmYw CZHo$ VmB Z_moZ_ H${hò ~ma~ma Z_H$ma hmod&o Bg ^m{V Vw{V
H$a do XmoZm| Xodm| Ho$ `mao ^w Ho$ _pXa H$s X{jUm XoH$a aW {dfo Am$T> ^ò Aa Mnmnwar {dfo
doe {H$`m na_ {d^y{V H$a AnZo _hb _| doe H$aVo ^ò&&44&& Z`H$m[aUr Ho$ XoIZo H$a
JYdgZo m Ho$ Zo qH${MV dH$ ^ò Wo gmo dgwXdo Zo Um_ H$a OmZm JYdgZo m _m{ZZr gmo CgH$m
_mZ {Zdmam&&45&& JWm| _| `hr H$hm h, XOr Zm{`H$m H$mo AmeVVm H$a A~bmoH$Z H$aZo go
AnamYr ^`m Omo n{V Cg na p`m| H$m AZwamJ $n H$mon hmodo h gmo n{V Ho$ Um_ H$aZo _m go
H$mon {_Q> Om` h& n{V Z`m Aa {`m H$m H$mon J`m, JYdgZo m dgwXdo Ho$ Z_r^yV hmoZo H$a A{V
g ^B&&46&&
AWmZVa - EH$ d {dmYar _mZmo _y{VdVr {dm hr h gmo dgwXdo Ho$ g_rn Cg
Z`H$m[aUr Zo nR>mB gmo AmB bbmQ> {dfo nwS> H$m h {VbH$ {OgHo$&&47&& EH$mV {dfo _hb _|
Am` {VR>r {OgH$s dmVm gwZ _Z ham Om` gmo dm dgwXdo H$mo AmerdmX XoH$a g_wI AmdVr
^B Aa H$hVr ^B - ho dra! ofR> ebmHo$ nwfm| Ho$ nwamU CZH$m {dVma Vmo Vwhmao {Mm {dfo ^mg
ahm hr h VWm{n H$Nw>H$ {dmYa g~Yr H$Wm _ H$h h& Ogo Amf{YZmW Omo M_m CgH$s
{H$aUm| H$a neu Omo dVw Cgo `m Aa Z ne}, ne} hr&&50&&
^mdmW - Omo {deofk h AWmV g~ OmZo CgHo$ {ZH$Q> `m An~w{ Z H$ho, {H$Vw H$ho hr
gmo _oar H$Wm gwZmo& ^JdmZ lrG$f^Xod VmB OJV H$s AmOr{dH$m d{m Aa `wJ H$s Am{X gH$b
{d{Y Ho$ {dYmVm gmo âVoda H$mo am` Xo` Amn _w{Z ^ò&&51&& Cg g_` ^w Ho$ gmW j{`m|
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H$o {eamo_{U CJ BdmHw$der gmo_der CJde

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Vfm{X n[afh Z gh H$a Vnmo^ Q> ^ò&&52&& Aa H$N> Ho$ nw Z{_ {dZ{_ XmoZm| am` Ho$ AW ^w
H$o nmdm| bJo&&53&& V~ ^w H$m h eaU {OZH$o Eogo YaUt Zo CZgo nmg Am` BZH$mo {ddmg
CnOm`, Aa {X{V Aa A{X{V Xodr BZH$mo ^r {ddmg CnOm`m `h XmoZm| YaUt hr H$s Xodr h Aa
YaUt ^JdmZ Ho$ ~S>o ^V gmo ^JdmZ Ho$ g_rn {dm H$m ^S>ma Z{_ {dZ{_ H$mo AnZr XmoZm|
Xodr`m| hmW {XdmVo ^ò& YaUt ~S>m nwf h&&55&&
CgH$s A{X{V Zm_m Xodr AmR> JYd goZ {dm XoVr ^B& AmR> {dmAm| Ho$ Zm_ - Z_w 1
_mZd 2 H$m{eb 3 Jm[aH$ 4 _mYma 5 ^y{__wS> 6 _ybdr` 7 gH$w H$Q> 8 BZ AmR> {dmAm| H$mo
AmMm` Am{X` JYd VWm `mo_Ma H$ho h&&57&& `h {dm Vmo A{X{V Zo XrZr {\$a {X{V Zo XB
gmo gwZmo - _mgmJ 1 nmS>y H$ 2 H$mb 3 gwnmH$ 4 ndV 5 demb` 6 nme_w b
y 7 dj_yb
y 8 gmo BZ
{dmAm| H$o Zm_ X` nZJ Aa _mVJ H${hò h `h gmobh {dm gH$b {dmAm| _| _w` BZ
{dmYam| Ho$ ôX ^ò h H$EH$ JYd H$hmò H$EH$ `m H$hmò H$EH$ Xod H${hE H$EH$ Agwa H$hmò,
H$EH$ amjg H$hmò, H$EH$ nJ H$hmò H$EH$ _mVJ H$hmò B`m{X AZoH$ ôX {dmYam| _| nS>o
BZ {dmAm| Ho$ _mhm` go {\$a Aa AZoH$ _hm {dm h&&61&&
CZHo$ Zm_ - k{ 1 amo{hUr 2 AJm[aUr 3 _hmJram 4 Jmar, 5 gd {dmnH${fUr, 6
_hmdoVm, 7 _m`yar 8 hmar, 9 {Zadmèmbm, 10 {VaH$m[aUr, 11 N>m`m, 12 gH$ m{_Ur, 13
Hy$_mS>JU _mVm 14 gd {dm{dam{OV, 15 Am`H$w _mS>Xdo r, 16 Xod Xodr`m| H$a Z_H$ma
H$aZo `mo` {\$a&&64& Am`wVm 17 Am`dVr 18 JmYmar 19 {Zd{m 20 XS>m{Y`JUm 21
XS>^{y VghH$_ 22 &&65&& ^H$mbr 23 _hmH$mbr 24 H$mbr 25 H$mb_wIr 26 B`m{X
_hm{dm {dmYam| Ho$ Bda H$s H$hr h&&66&& {\$a EH$ ndm 1 {ndm 2 {ndm 3 Xendm
4 eVndm 5 ghndm 6 bjndm 7 Cnm{VZr 8 {nm{VZr 9 Ym[aUr 10 AV{dMm[aUr 11
ObJ{V ApZJ{V 12 ò g_V {dmYam| {dfo ZmZm H$ma epVH$a _pS>V AZoH$ {dm AZoH$
ndVm| H$s {Zdm{gZr ZmZm H$ma AmfYm| H$s domm&&69&& {\$a gdmW {gm 1 gdmWm 2 O`Vr 3
_Jbm 4 O`m> gH$ m{_Ur 6 hm[aUr 7 A{g`mam{YZmo 8 {de`H$m[aUr 9 dUgamo{hUr 10
gdUH$m[aUr 11 A_V gOrdZr 12 &&71&&
ò gd na_ H$`mU H$s XmVm gd _m| H$a _pS>V gd {dm ~bH$a `wV gd bmoH$ H$s {hV
H$Vm&&72&& ò gd n{R>V {g {X` AmfY YaUr Zo Z{_ Aa {dZ{_ H$mo XB YaUr H$m {X`m
Z{_ {dZ{_ H$mo {dO`m H$m am` gmo Z{_ Vmo X{jU loUr{dfo am` H$aVm m`m Aa {dZ{_ Cma
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loUr H$m H$aVm ^`m&&74& ò XmoZm| {_ ~mYdm| H$a g`w V gm_Vm| H$a Vw{V H$aZo `mo` ZmZm
H$ma Ho$ Xoem| Ho$ dm_r XmoZm| `mom XmoZm| loUr H$m am` H$aVo ^ò&&75&& gmo CZ XmoZm| Zn{V Zo g~
{dmYam| H$mo Amf{Y Aa {dm ~mQ> XB& Omo {dm H$m Zm_ Wm CgHo$ Zm_ {dmYam| Ho$ Hw$b
H$hmò&&76&& {OZH$mo Jmar {dm XB do Jm[aH$ Aa {OZH$mo _Z Zm_m {dm XB do _Zw H$hmò Aa
{OZH$mo JmYmar {dm XB do JmYma H$hmò Aa {OZH$mo _mZd {dm XB do _mZd H$hmò&&77&& Aa
H$m{eH$s {dm dmbo H$m{eH$ hd&o Aa ^y{_ VwS>H$ {dm go ^y{_VwS> H$hmò Aa _ybdr` {dm
go _ybdr` Aa gH$w H$ {dm go gH$w H$ {dmYa H$hmò&&78&& Aa nmSw>H$s` {dm go nmSw>H$o `
Aa H$mb {dm go H$mb Aa gwnmH$ {dm go gwnmH$ H$hmò&&79&&
Aa _mVJ {dm go _mVJ Aa ndV {dm go nmdVr` Aa demb` {dm go demb` Aa
nmg_ybH$ {dm go nmg_y{bH$ Aa dj _yb {dm go dj _yb H$hmò AZwH$ _ go {dmYam| Ho$ de
R>hao&&82&& {dO`m XmoZm| loUr h CZHo$ EH$ gm Xg ZJa h CZ_| Cma loUr Ho$ 60 X{jU loUr
Ho$ 50 gmo CZ_| Cma loUr Ho$ ZJam| Ho$ Zm_ H$ho h - A{bH$mnwa, Am{X`nwa, JJZ ~b^nwa,
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mdnwa, YZO`nwa, dVmoH$gmanwa, {Zdhnwa, O`Vnwa, Anam{OVnwa, damhnwa, hpVZmnwa,
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eIdOnaw , dOZm^nwa, _oKHy$Q>naw , _{U^nwa, Hw$ OamdVnaw , A{gVndVnwa, {gYwH$jnwa, _hmH$jnwa,
gwH$jnwa, MndVnwa, lrHy$Q>naw , JmarHy$Q>, b_rHy$Q>, YamYanwa, H$mbHo${enwa, a`nwa, nmdVo`nwa,
{h_nwa, {H$amoJrVnwa, Z^pWbH$nwa, _JYmgmaZbH$nwa, nmeHw $y bnwa, {X`mfYnwa, AH$_ybnwa,
CX` ndVnwa, A_VYmanwa, _mVmJnwa, ^y{_Hw$S>H$nwa, Hy$Q>naw , O~ynaw , eHw$nwa, ò nMmg nwa
X{jU loUr _| AnZr emo^m H$a dJZJa g_mZ emoô h&&100&&
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BZ ZJam| {dfo AZoH$ {d{Y Ho$ {dmYa aho& G$f^ {OZoda Ho$ gmX go ZmJoda Zo Aa
ZmJoda H$s XodmJZm {X{V A{X{V Chm|Zo Z{_ {dZ{_ H$mo {dmYam| Ho$ Bda {H$`m&&1&& CZ_| Cma
loUr H$m A{Yn{V {dZ{_ CgHo$ ~hV nw ^ò& gmo g~hr `m`dmZ {dZ`dmZ èdmZ AZoH$ {dm
Ho$ YmaH$ hmoVo ^ò, CZHo$ Zm_, gO`, A[aO`, ewO
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ÔZ&&2&& MyUm_{U, eVmZrH$, ghmZrH$, gdO`, ~Odmh, _hm~mh, A[aXm B`m{X {dZ{_
Ho$ AZoH$ nw Vw{V H$aZo `mo` Cma loUr Ho$ Am^yfU ^ò, ^mZm_m H$`m ^B& Aa gw^m ^B
gmo gw^m âV MH$o da Ho$ r aZ ^B&&4&&
Aa Z{_ Ho$ H$mpVYmar, ~hV nw ^ò CZHo$ Zm_ - a{d, VZ`, gmo_, nwh{V, Ae^w mZw, h[a,
O`nwbpV, {dO`, _mVJ, dmgw B`m{X AZoH$ nw ^ò Aa Xmo nwr ^B, H$ZH$lr, Aa H$ZH$
_Oar&&6&& ò Z{_ Aa {dZ{_ _hmnpS>V {ddoH$s nw H$mo am` Xo` _w{Z ^ò&&7&& Z{_ H$m nw
_mVJ CgHo$ AZoH$ nw ^ò CZH$s gVmZ {dfo AZoH$ _moj Jò& Aa AZoH$ dJdmgr Xod
^ò&&8&& A~ BH$~rg_| VrWH$a H$m g_` h gmo Bg g_` _ A{gV ndV Zm_m nwa {dfo amOm
h{gV&&9&& _mVJ de$n AmH$me {dfo gy` g_mZ Vmnr CgH$s {ha`dVr Zm_m amUr
{dmH$a nyU h&&10&& Aa _oam nw qghXQ> CgHo$ r ZrbmMZm ZrbH$_b g_mZ Zo {OgHo$&
CgH$s H$`m Zrbèm Cdb h è {OgH$m Hw$bdVr H$bmdVr JwUdVr CgHo$ de H$m dUZ
_ Vwhmao AmJo g~ {H$`m h&
ho h[ade$n AmH$me Ho$ M! dh M_wIr dmgwny ` dm_r Ho$ M`mb` Ho$ g_rn Z`
H$aVr Wr CgZo Vw_H$mo XoIm gmo Vwhmao XeZ g~ Ordm| H$mo gwI H$m H$maU ^`m h& dh Vw_ na
AZwam{JUr ^B h gmo Vwhmao {dah H$a A{V `mHw$b h&&14&& Z ZmZ H$ao h, Z ^moOZ H$ao h, Z
~mobo h, Z Hw$N> MoQ>m H$ao h, H$m_ Ho$ ~mU H$a ôXr Ordo h gmo hr AmM` h&&15&& CgH$s `h
AdWm XoI Hw$b Ho$ g~ `mHw$b ^ò h& CgHo$ _mVm-{nVm Am{X g~ {MVmdmZ h&&16&& H$`m
Ho$ _Z _| `m h `h dmVm gwZ g~m| Zo Hw$b {dm go nyN>m V~ {dm Zo g~ dmVm H$hr, Vwhmam
dmmV H$hm V~ h_ gdm| Zo {ZM` {H$`m Omo `mXdoda Ho$ XeZ H$a `h A{^bmfdVr ^B h&
_mVo hmWr g_mZ Mmb CgH$s gmo H$`m Vwhmao A{^bmfH$a `Wm $n ^B h gmo _ Vw_H$mo boZo
AmB h _ CgH$s XmXr h& ho `mXd! dh Vwhmar {Z`mo{JZr h& {Z{_mkmZr Zo `hr H$hr h Bggo
Mbmo, Cgo erK naUmo&&19&&
`h dmVm gwZ H$a dh {Mm H$s haUhmar CgH$s AZwamJ AdWm Aa {dah H$a A{V IoX
{I Xem OmZH$a dhm OmZo H$m dgwXdo A{^bmfr ^`m& naVw VH$mb Mnmnwar go {ZH$gZm Z
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BN>Vm ^`m& dm {dmYar go dgwXdo H$ho h - ho _mVm! _ Ad` AmD$Jm Bg_| gXho Zht Vy
OmH$a _oao dMZ go H$h Cg gwXar H$mo Y` ~Ym`& H$gr h dh, qgh g_mZ h jrU H${Q> {OgH$s
Aa qH$Xar g_mZ AU h AYa {OgHo$ gmo dm Zo dgwXdo Ho$ dMZ gwZH$a `h Amgrg Xo` H$hm,
ho Hw$_ma! doJ go Amdmo _ OmD$ gmo _ZmoaW $n aW na MT> H$a Om` H$`m H$mo Yr` ~YmdVr ^B&
Aa dgwXdo Hw$_ma Zoh$n Ob _| ZmZ H$a JYdgZo m g{hV EH$ goO na nmoT>o Wo&&23&&
gmo am{ g_` ^`H$a h XeZ {OgH$m Eogr dVmb H$`m $n Ya dh {ha`dVr {dmYar
AmB CgZo H$a Jh dgwXdo H$mo Idm, V~ dgwXdo OmJm T> _wpQ> H$a Cgo Hy$Q>Vm ^`m Vm ^r CgZo
Z N>mSo >m&&24&& Jbr Ho$ _mJ hmo` `Xn{V H$mo _emZ ^y{_ _| bo JB&&26&& dhm AZoH$ _mVJ Om{V
H$s {dmYar CZH$mo dgwXdo XoIVm ^`m& V~ dh {ha`dVr hgr Aa H$hm - _ {ha`dVr h
dVmb {dm H$a `hm Vw_H$mo bmB h Vy S>ao _V&&28&& Voao H$m` H$s {g{ Ho$ AW VwPo `mB h dh
Voar ~b^m Zrbèm Voar Am{ go _wI _waPm` ahr h, _{bZ hmo ahr h H$m{V {OgH$s dh ~mbm
^wOnmer Ho$ ~YZ H$a VwPo ~mYm Mmho h&&29&& dgwXdo H$mo Eogm H$hH$a Zrbèm go H$hVr ^B&
Voam ~b^ Am`m Vy AnZo H$a go BgH$m H$a nbd ne& Eogm H$hH$a Bgo CgH$m H$a JhU
H$am`m& gmo AZwamJ âm n{V H$m H$a JhU H$aVr ^B&&31&& H$m_ Ho$ H$mon H$a doX$n h AJ
{OgH$m gmo ~mbm ~mb_ H$m H$a JhU H$a AmZX H$mo m ^B VZ Ho$ ne H$m gwI gmoB ^`m
Ob Cg H$a gtMm hdm BZ XmoZm| Ho$ o_ $nr dj amo_mM Ho$ {_g H$a _mZmo AH$w ao YaVm ^`m& do
XmoZm| ZohH$a ^rOo h {Mm {OZHo$ gmo Zoh$n nm{U JhU Vmo W_ hr H$aVo ^ò Aa {ddmh$n
^r nm{UJhU hmodJo m&&33&& Zrbèm H$s gIr AZoH$ {dmYar dgwXdo H$m $n XoI h{fV ^B&
H$gr h {dmYar, eara H$s ^m Am^yfUm| H$s ^m Aa AmfYm| H$s ^m CZHo$ g_yhH$a
{Zdmam h AYH$ma H$m g_yh {OZgo {dmYar {dOw{b`m| Ho$ g_yh H$r `mB M_H$ma H$aVr ^B&
O~ mV g_` ^`m V~ dgwXdo H$s `mB gy` h gmo AnZo H$a H${hò {H$aU CZHo$ g`moJ go nyd
{Xem $n Omo Zrbèm dYy CgHo$ _wI H$mo AnZr ^m H$a Cdb H$aVm ^`m&
^mdmW - Ogo dgwXdo AnZo H$a JhU H$a Zrbèm Ho$ _wI H$_b H$mo {dH$me $n H$ao dgo
{XZH$a AnZr {H$aUm| H$a nyd {Xem H$mo H$me$n H$aVm ^`m&&36&& gy` H$m AmYm {d~ CX`
^`m AmaV h dU {OgH$m gmo A{V gmohVm ^`m _mZmo nyd [Xem $n VUr H$m AU AYa hr
h&&67&& Aa O~ gnyU CX` ^`m V~ a{d _S>b Eogm gmohVm ^`m _mZmo nyd {Xem $n nX_Zr
Ho$ _wI _S>b H$m _S>Z H$ZH$ _` H$mZm| H$m Hw$S>b hr h&&38&& Ogo dgwXdo ~Z {dfo CmoJ H$ao
h dgo gy` ndr {dfo CmoV H$aVm ^`m ndr Aa AmH$me {dfo erK hr Zom| H$m AdamoY {_Q>
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J`m& Zom| H$a KQ> nQ>m{X dVw XrIZo bJt, Cg g_` dgwXdo H$mo Zrbèm H$s XmXr {ha`dVr
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_pS>V h `hm r_V ndV na {dmYa Vn H$a {dm gmY& Ae{ZdoJ H$m nw AJmaH$ {dmYa
`m_m Zo `w {dfo {dm a{hV {H$`m& CgH$s g~ {dm IpS>V H$ar gmo Bg {J[a {dfo Vn H$a
{dm gmYo h&&42&& gmo Vwhmao XeZ H$a CgH$s {dm {g hmodJo r gmo Vwhmar BN>m gmo Cg na
AZwJh H$s h Vmo Cgo XeZ Xodmo&&43&&
Bg ^m{V {ha`dVr dgwXdo go AmH$me {dfo H$hr& BZH$mo {dm Ym[a`m| Ho$ g_yh H$sS>m Ho$ AW
AmH$me {dfo bo Jò Wo& {ha`dVr Ho$ ò dMZ gwZ dgwXdo Zo OmZm _oar r `m_m gwI go h `w
{dfo dMr _Z _| g ^`m Aa {ha`dVr go H$hm AJmaH$ Vmo A{ZQ> h `m_m H$m ew h, CgHo$
XoIZo H$a `m Aa `hm AmH$me _| H$sS>m H$hm, dWm H$mb `m| Imodmo `hm go Mbmo _wPo dgwa Ho$
nwa bo Mbmo& V~ {ha`dVr Zo H$hm - ~hV ^bm Mbmo, BZH$mo erK hr `mH$a A{gV ndVnwa
Ho$ ~mh` _Zmoha dZ {dfo Wmno Aa AZoH$ {dmYar BZH$s ajm H$mo aht&&46&&
Zrbèm nwa Ho$ ^rVa JB _mVm go {_br& AVnwa {dfo dgwXdo H$s H$Wm H$aVr ^B& Aa CgHo$
{_bmn H$s h A{^bmfm {OgHo$ Zrbèm H$m {nVm dZ {dfo dgwXdo n Am`m& Aa dgwXdo gnam`m
Aa AX^Vw Am^yfU n{hamò Aa aW _| MT>m` g~ {dmYa gmW hmo` dJnaw g_mZ A{gVndVnwa
dhm `Xn{V H$mo `mò&&48&& gmo g~ ZJa Ho$ bmoJm| Zo Aa AVnwa Ho$ bmoJm| Zo AmXa g{hV Hw$_ma
XoIm&&49&& Aa n{d {XZ {dfo dgwXdo H$m Aa Zrbèm H$m _hm _Jb go {d{YnydH $ nm{UJhU
^`m& H$go h XmoZm|, nyU h $n {OZH$m Aa nyU h nw` {OZH$m&&50&& gmo dgwXdo Zrbèm g{hV
A{gV ndVnwa {dfo ZmZm H$ma Ho$ H$m_ ^moJ godVm ^`m& Ogo a{V g{hV H$m_ ZmZm H$ma H$sS>m
H$ao ggma _| Eogr H$moB r Zht Omo Zrbèm Ho$ è H$mo hao&
^mdmW - Bg g_mZ H$moB r $ndVr JwUdVr gm^m`dVr Zht Aa H$moB nwf ^y{_JmoMar
{dmYam| _| Eogm Zhr Omo AnZo JwUm| H$a dgwXdo H$m è OrVo& Eogm $ndV JwUw dV gm_V H$moB
nwf Zht& gmo g~ p`m| Ho$ _wI Zrbèm H$m è Aa g~ _Zw`m| Ho$ _wI Hw$_ma H$m è dVm&
ò XmoZm| nana o_ {df AmgV A`V gwI ag ^moJVo ^ò& BZHo$ g_V gwI H$m dUZ H$mZ
H$h gHo$&&52&&
B{V lr A[aQ>Zo{_nwamUgJho h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm Zrbèmbm^dUZmo Zm_
mqde{VV_ gJ g_m&&22&&
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VoBg dm gJ
AWmZVa - EH$ {XZ dgwXdo _pXa _o {VR>o Wo, gmo _hm H$mobmhb eX gwZH$a manmbZr
{ZH$Q> Wr Cgo nyN>m AmO ZJa _| `m H$mobmhb h? g~ r nwf `mHw$b ^ò eX H$ao h& V~
manm[bZr H$hVr ^B - ho Xod! _ g~ dmmV OmZy h gmo Vw_ gwZmo, Bgr {dO`m {J[a {dfo EH$
eH$Q>m _wI Zm_m ZJa CgH$m amOm {dmYam| H$m AYrda ZrbdmZ h CgH$o Zrb Zm_ nw Aa
H$`m ZrbmOZm ZrbHw$_ma H$s ~{hZ gmo Vwhmam dgwa qghXQ> n[aU`m Cg ZrbmOZm Ho$
Zrbèm nwr ^B gmo Vw_ naUr Aa qghXQ> Aa Zrb Ho$ nana dMZ Wm Omo Vwhmao nw hmo` Aa
_oao nwr hmo` Vmo {ddmh Aa _oao nwr hmo` Vwhmao nw hmo` Vmo {ddmh, gmo Zrb ~S>o amOm Ho$ naUr
CgHo$ ZrbH$R> nw ^`m Aa Vwhmao dgwa Ho$ Zrbèm nwr ^B gmo nwr H$m O_ ^`m& V~ _w{Z`m|
H$mo nyN>m Omo BgH$m da H$mZ hmodJo m V~ ~hn{V Zm_m gmYw Zo H$hm Zd_o ZmamÙ H$m {nVm dmgwXdo
BgH$m n{V hmodJo m&
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dgwa go {ddmX H$aVo ^ò gmo Vwhmao dgwa Zo `m` _mJ H$a OrVo gmo {dmYa bmoJ eX H$ao h&
ò dMZ manm{bZr Ho$ gwZH$a dgwXdo hgo Aa Zrbèm g{hV {VR>o {\$a eaXG$Vw AmB _hm
JddV Omo H$m_ CgHo$ dmU g_mZ JO
w ma H$aVo ^da VoB ^ò {\$S>M Aa dmUmgZ Om{V Ho$ dj
dhr ^ò H$m_ Ho$ YZwf gmo H$m_ Zo YZwf MT>m`m&&12&& Cg g_` {dmYa {dm$n Amf{Y`m| H$s
{g{ Ho$ AW AnZm _Z {ZMb H$a erK hr {ZH$go V~ dgwXdo Aa Zrbèm r_V ndV H$s
Amoa Mbo& Ogo _oK {dOwbr g`w V JJZ {dfo J_Z H$ao dgo ò XnVr {dmYa H$a _{S>V JJZ {dfo
J_Z H$aVo ^ò&&14&&
XmoZm| r_V {J[a _| Om` nhM
o Ohm _H$aX Ho$ nmZ C_m H$a ^ò _YwH$a eX H$ao h gmo
_mZmo H$m_ Ho$ YZwf H$s {\$S>M H$m eX h&&15&& ò XmoZm| r_V {J[a Ho$ _hm gwJY gdU dZ
{dfo CVao gmo dZ _hm _Zmoha ndZ H$a hmbo h dj Ohm gmo dZ H$m dUZ H$aVo XmoZm| dZ {dfo ^_U
H$aVo ~hV Xoa VH$ dZ H$s emo^m {dbmoH$ V Z ^ò gmo dZ H$s emo^m XoIVo ^ò Ohm _moa _Zmoha
eX H$a aho h {d{M h JmV {OZHo$&&21&& gmo dZ H$s emo^m H$a ham J`m h {Mm {OZH$m Aa
Zrbèm H$mVHw $ âr n{V go jUoH$ {dNw>S>r Cg g_` amOm Zrb H$m nw ZrbH$R> _m`m H$a _moa
H$m $n Yma Am`m Wm gmo H$mY {dfo MT>m` nmnr Zrbèm H$mo JJZ {dfo bo J`m& O~ {`m har
JB V~ dgwXdo {dhdb hmo Cg dZ {dfo ^_Vm ^`m dhm dmbm| Ho$ ~mS>o dhm Jmonm| H$s dYy Chm|Zo
Hw$_ma H$m AmXa {H$`m& BZHo$ nrZo `mo` n{d Ob Aa ImZo `mo` n{d dVw `m` XB& am{ {dfo
Hw$_ma dm{b`mo| Ho$ WmZ {dfo aho ^mV hr CR> H$a X{jU {Xem Jò&&24&&
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dhm EH$ {JaVQ> Zm_m ZJa {OgHo$ D$Mm H$moQ> J^ra ImB Aa nS>H$moQ>m gmo XoI H$a `Xn{V
h{fV ^`m Aa ZJa _| ~R>m dhm doXnmR>r {dm| Ho$ doXm``Z Ho$ eX H$a dmMmb hmo ahr h g~
{Xem& dhm EH$ _Zw` H$mo dgwXdo H$mVHw $ go nyN>Vo ^ò& `hm H$moB {dmo H$mo _hm XmZ Xo h Omo BVZo
doXnmR>r BH$Q>R>o hdo h V~ dh ~mobm - ho Hw$_ma! `hm {ddXod Zm_m ~mh_U h& CgHo$ gmo_lr
Zm_m H$`m gmo MH$bm g_mZ _Zmoha Aa doX {dm {dfo drU&&28&& Omo doX {dm {dfo OrVo
gmo BgH$m da `h dMZ {Z{_mkmZr Zo H$hm gmo CgZo OrVZo AW BVZo doXnmR>r BH$Q>R>o hE h&&29&&
gmo dh H$`m A{V ZmOwH$ dXZ h {OgH$m H${Q> _hm jrU gmo {ZV~ Aa Hw$Mm| H$m ^ma Zht gh
gHo$ h _hm $ndmZ h gmo Z Om{Zò dh gwXar H$mZ H$mo da _Z H$s haUhmar dh gmo_lr H$`m
gmo CgH$m è `Xn{V Zo H$mZm| go gwZm gmo dh ldU _m hr amOh{gZr H$s `mB Bg amOhg H$m
{Mm haVr ^B&&31&&
V~ dh dgwXdo Hw$_ma Cg ZJa {dfo EH$ ~h_ Xm Zm_m A`mnH$ h, Cg n Om` H$hVo ^ò
- Ahmo! Vw_ _wPo doX nT>mdmo Jmo emIm g~ {gImAmo V~ dh A`mnH$ ~mobm - Vw_ AmfdXo
Ûm|Jo dm AZmf Ûm|Jo `h H$hm, V~ `Xn{V Zo H$hm ò Xmo ôX H$go h? V~ dh {O g hmo`
`Xn{V go `WmW dMZ H$hVm ^`m& ~mh_U _hm {ddoH$s ~h_ {dm H$m domm {OZ Y_u h - gmo
H$ho h - ho dgwXdo Hw$_ma! _hm {dXoh jo {dfo Vmo gXm hr H$_^{y _ h Aa Y_ H$s d{m h& Aa
âV nmM Aa EoamdV nmM {dfo AR>mah H$moQ>m H$moQ>r gmJa ^moJ^y{_ h Aa Xmo H$moS>m H$moS > gmJa
H$_^{y _ h gmo ^moJ ^y{_ {dfo `hm H$ndj Wo gmo H$_^{y _ H$s Am{X {dbm` Jò& Cg g_`
lrG$f^Xod Om H$s ajm H$aVo ^ò Om fQ> H$_ {dfo dVu gmo ^w Am{X VrWH$a doX Ho$ domm
VrZm| dUm] H$s {VnmbZm H$aVo ^ò& do ^w g_V dgwYm$n dYy Cgo BH$N> ^moJVo ^ò& H$gr
h dgwYm $n dYy, {h_mMb Aa qd`mMb ò XmoZm| h Hw$M {OgHo$ Aa $nm| _` {dO`m ndV
gmoB h hma {OgHo$ Aa g_w h H$m{MXm_ {OgHo$&&36&&
H$B EH$ {XZ amO H$a do OJZmW âVm{X nwm| H$mo amO Xo Mma hOma amOmAm| g{hV {XJ~ar
Xrjm YmaVo ^ò& gmo ^JdmZ _hmdra d`^y hOma df n`V _hmXa Vn {H$`m ~mBg n[afh
OrVo&&38&& {\$a Ho$dbkmZ nm`m, Ho$dbkmZ $n Zom| H$a g~ nXmW {ZaIo, Y_$n VrWH$a
Am` jo{dfo Ordm| H$mo {ddoH$$n H$sò, AZoH$ Ord XQ>Vm go a{hV ^ò&&39&& Cg ^JdmZ Zo
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`{V H$m Y_ _w` Aa `Vr Y_ Ho$ AZVa JhWm| H$m AmMma {XIm`m&
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`mJ gmo AUwdV H${hò&&41&& gmo JhW H$o nmM AUwdV `h Vmo _hmdV _| J{^V h& qhgm, _fm,
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AXmmXmZ, A~h_ , n[aJh BZH$m gdWm `mJ gmo _hmdV Aa EH$Xoe `mJ gmo AUwdV &&41&&
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Vmn` AZmf doX hr {dfo h&&44&& gmo CgH$s Cn{m gwZmo& EH$ YmaU `wJb Zm_m ZJa& Cg {dfo
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BgH$m d`~a aMVm ^`m& amOm gJa Am{X ~S>o ~S>o amOm n{Wdr {dfo {g h H$s{V {OZH$s
gmo d`~a Ho$ AW ~wbmò&&48&&
g~ _| amOm gJa Zm_r h gmo CgH$s _XmoXar Zm_m manm{bZr gwbgm H$s _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q>
amObmoH$ _| JB gmo EH$mV {dfo gwbgm H$s _mVm {X{V gwbgm go H$hVr ^B&&49&& ho gwbgo! Omo
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amUr gdèm CgH$m nw _YwqnJb gmo AnZr emo^m H$a g~ amOnwm| H$s emo^m H$mo OrVo h& _ _Z
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dMZ _mVm nwr go H$h Zo AlwnmV g`w V {H$ò&
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gJa go H$hVr ^B& gJa H$m {Mm gwbgm Ho$ AJrH$ma {dfo AZwamJr h&&55&& V~ gJa H$m nwamo{hV
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{\$a {H$gr Ho$ hmW H$T>m` amOmAm| H$mo {XIm`m nwVH$ Yy_ go Yygar OrU g_mZ H$a {X`m&
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bjU gwZZo H$m h A{^bmf {OZHo$&&57&&
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hmod&o {OgHo$ MaUm| _| _` eI Aa AH$w e H$m {MhZ hmodo Aa H$_b Ho$ J^ g_mZ AmaV
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mH$ma Aa {OZHo$ amo_ A{V An Aa A{V gy_ `h
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hmo` Aa Xm{hZr Amoa ~mH$m hmo` Aa JmR> {OgH$s Wyb hmo` gmo ew^ bjU h& Aa Bggo {dnarV
hmo Vmo {dnarV \$b OmZmo Aa dU H${hò nmoVm An hmo` gmo ~mbH$ Z Ordo, Aa {OZHo$ dfU
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gm^m`dVr h Aa Zht&&66&&
Aa {OgHo$ QHy$Uo Wyb gmo nwf X[ar OmZmo, Aa {OgHo$ Qy>H$Uo _mg g{hV nwQ> gmo nwf
gwIr Aa _tT>H$ g_mZ {OgHo$ QHy$Uo gmo `mK go _`w bh&&67&& Aa Zmha H$s gr {OgH$s H${Q>
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hmod&o &68&& Aa {OgH$s nmgbr A{V ZrMr Aa dH$ gmo nyU YZdV hmodo Aa {OgH$s Hw$j ZrMr
Z hmodo gmo ^moJ a{hV hmodo Aa {OgH$s g_ Hw$j hmodo do ^moJr hmod&o &69&& Aa {OZH$s CV Hw$j
hmodo gmo amOm hmodo Aa {OZH$s {df_ Hw$j hmodo gmo Hw$YZ hmod&o Aa {OgH$m CXa gn g_mZ hmodo
do X[ar hmodo Aa ~hV Amhmar hmod&o &70&&
Aa {OgH$s Zm{^ {dVrU hmodo o do X[ar hmod| Aa ~hV D$S>o hmodo J^ra hmod| dVwb
mH$ma hmod|
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do gwIr hmod&| Aa {OZH$r Zm{^ ZrMr hmodo An hmodo A` hmodo do boe Ho$ ^mOZ nwf
H$ho&&71&& Aa {OZHo$ _` H$s {dbr {df_ hmodo CZHo$ dm`web
y H$s ~mYm hmodo Aa X[ar hmod|
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hmod&o &72&& Aa {OZH$s {dbr H$_b H$s H${UH$m g_mZ XrK hmo` Vmo dh nwf amOm hmodo Aa
{OgH$s {dbr AYmo^mJ {dfo XrK hmodo Vmo Cg nwf Ho$ {ZH$Q> YZ hmodo n{S>V hmodo Jm_n{V hmod,o
Aa {OgHo$ YZ nX hmodo XrKm`w hmod&o &73&& Aa em Ho$ AW H$m domm hmodo Aa p`m| H$m gXm
{` hmodo Aa $ndmZ hmodo CgHo$ ~hV nw hmod&o EH$ Xmo VrZ Mma BZ {d{b`m| H$a `wV hmodo gmo
nwf amOm hmodo ~bdmZ hmod&o &74&&
Aa {OZHo$ {dbr gab hmodo do nwf naXmam Ho$ `mJr dXmam gVw Q> hmodo Aa {OZHo$ {df_
{dbr hmodo do _hm `{^Mmar Aa A`m` _mJ Ho$ dVZhma hmod&| &75&& Aa {OZH$s nmew _moQ>r
Aa _X hmo` Aa X{jUmdV amo_ hmo` gmo amOm hmo` Aa {OZH$s nmew _moQ>r Z hmo` _X Z hmo` Aa
X{jUmdV amo_ Z hmo` namò qH$H$a hmod| Aa {OZHo$ ~mh XrK Z hmod| Aa nwQ> Z hmod| do nwf
gm^m`hrZ hmodo o Aa {OZHo$ XrK Hw$M hmodo Aa {df_ hmod| gmo _Zw` {ZYZ hmod&o &77&& Aa {OZH$m
X` nwQ> hmodo {dVrU hmodo D$Mm hmodo {ZH$n hmodo gmo amOm hmod&o ò bjU amOmAm| Ho$ h Aa Omo
`{V {dnarV X` hmod| gmo hrZ nw` Ho$ bjU OmZm|& Aa Ia g_mZ H$R>mao amo_m| H$a _pS>V gmo
hrZ nw`r OmZmo&&78&&
Aa {OZH$m djWb g_ hmodo do YZdmZ hmod&o ! Aa {OZH$m djWb nwQ> hmodo do nwf
eyadra hmodo Aa {OZH$m djWb {df_ hmodo do {ZYZ hmodo Aa e H$a CZH$s _`w hmod&o &79&&
Aa CQ>OdwU m H$a _Zmo` hmodo Aa CV H$a ^moJdmZ hmodo Aa ZrMmH$a X[ar hmodo Aa hmS>Z H$a
_pS>V VWm {df_ Eogo OdwU H$a {df_ nwf hmod&o &80&& Aa {OgH$s ngod a{hV H$mI hmodo Aa
nwQ> hmodo CV hmodo gwJY hmodo gmo YZdmZ hmod| Aa {OgH$s H$mI g_ amo_m|H$a `wV hmodo gmo
YZdmZ hmod&o Aa {OgH$s Jrdm {MnQ>r hmodo na ewH$ hmodo Aa ZgmZ H$a dopQ>V hmodo gmo X[ar
hmod| &o Aa {OgH$s eI g_mZ Jrdm hmodo gmo amOm hmodo Aa {Og _Zw` H$s _hr g_mZ Jrdm hmodo
gmo eyadra hmodo {\$a {OgH$s nrR> amo_ a{hV g_ ^Z hmodo gmo ew^ bjU OmZmo& Aa {OgH$s nrR>
amo_m| Ho$ gM` H$mo Yao Aa A{V ^Z hmodo gmo ew^ bjU Z OmZmo&&83&&
Aa {OgHo$ H$Yo An hmodo Aa nwQ> Z hmodo Aa ^Z amo_H$a `wV gmo {ZYZ nww f OmZm| Aa
YZdV _Zw`m| Ho$ gwXa nwQ> amo_ a{hV do eyadra hmod&o &84&& Aa {OZHo$ H$a nwQ> hmodo XmoZm| g_mZ
hmodo hmWr H$s gyS > g_mZ b~m`_mZ hmodo do bjU amOmAm| Ho$ OmZmo Aa {ZYZ _Zw`m| Ho$ H$a N>mQo >o
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hmodo Aa amo_ g`w V hmod&o &85&& {\$a Omo XrKm`w nwf h CZH$s H$a emImAm| {dfo aoIm XrK hmodo
Aa H$mo_b hmodo Aa Omo ^m`dmZ hmodo CZHo$ aoIm AdH$ hmodo Aa Omo ~w{_mZ hmo` CZHo$ H$a aoIm
gy_ hmod&o &86&& Aa Omo {ZYZ h CZHo$ H$a Wyb hmodo Aa Omo namò qH$H$a h CZHo$ H$a {MnQ>o
hmod| Aa Omo YZdmZ h, CZHo$ H$a _H$Q> g_mZ hmod&| Aa Omo _hm H$y a {ZX` h, CZHo$ H$a `mK
g_mZ hmod&| &87&&
Aa {OZHo$ gpY _{U~YZ {ZJyT> hmod| Aa g{Y gwpbQ> hmod| ò bjU amOmAm| Ho$ OmZmo Aa
{OZHo$ g{Y _{U~YZ eX g{hV hmod| Aa {e{Wb hmod| do nwf X[ar hmod| Aa {OZH$s hWobr
ZrMr hmod| do nwf Znwg H$ hmodo Aa {nVm Ho$ YZ go a{hV Aa {OZH$s hWobr Jmob hmod| Aa qH${MV
ZrMr hmodo do YZdmZ hmo` Aa {OZH$s hWobr C hmodo do XmVma hmod&| &89&& Aa {OZH$s hWobr
AmaV hmod| do YZmT>` hmod,| Aa {OZH$s hWobr {df_ hmodo do H$R>mao {Mm hmodo Aa {OZH$s hWobr
nrV hmod| do AJ` kmZr Aa {OZH$s hWobr $j hmod| do Hw$$n hmod&o &90&& Aa {OZHo$ ZI Vwg
H$s N>{d Yao do Zngw H$ hmod|o Aa {OZHo$ ZI \$mQ>o hmod| do {ZYZ hmod&| Aa {OZHo$ ZI A`V AU
hmod| do go`m Ho$ ZmW hmod&| Aa {OZHo$ Hw$pgV ZI hmod| do namYrZ hmod&| &91&& Aa AJw Q> H$a
CnOm Omo `d H$m AmH$ma Cg H$a YZmT>` hmod&|
Aa AJw R> Ho$ _yb {dfo CnOm Omo `d CgH$a nwdmZ hmod&| Aa ZrMr A{V pZY Omo aoIm
CZ H$a YZdmZ hmod&o Aa Bggo A`Wm hmodo YZ H$m ZmeH$ hmod&o &92&& Aa {OgH$s AJb
w r gKZ
hmodo gmo YZdmZ hmod&o Aa {OgHo$ AJb
w r gKZ Z hmodo do {ZYZ hmod&o Aa {OgHo$ _{U~YZ go ZrMo
VrZ aoIm H$a H$s hmo` gmo amOm hmod&o &93&& Aa {OgHo$ aoIm H$m bjU AIS> hmodo gmo XrKm`w
hmod&o Aa {OgH$o Z hmodo gmo Anm`w OmZmo&&94&& Aa {OgHo$ H$a _| IS>JaoIm VWm epV H$s VWm
JXm H$s ~aN>r H$s MH$ H$s Vmo_a H$s hmodo gmo goZm H$m ZmW hmod&o &95&& Aa {OZH$s R>mSo >r H$e hmodo
Aa XrK hmodo do {ZYZ hmod&o Aa {OZH$s R>mSo >r _mgb H${hò nwQ> hmo` do _hm YZdmZ hmod| Aa
{OZH$s D$Q> H$s gr R>mSo >r hmod| do {g nwf Z hmodo Aa {OZH$s R>mSo >r qH$Xar \$b Ho$ g_mZ do amOm
OmZmo&&96&& Aa {OZH$s XmT> VrU hmodo g_mZ hmodo pZY Aa XmV {Z_b hmodo gKZ hmodo Aa
{Ohm AmaV hmodo XrK hmodo _Zmoha hmodo do _hm^m`dV ^moJr nwf OmZmo&&97&&
Aa {OZH$m _wI dVwb
mH$ma hmodo gm` hmodo g_ hmodo dH$ Z hmodo do bjU amOmAmo| Ho$ OmZmo&
Aa Omo ^m`hrZ h CZH$m _wI ^mar hmodo Aa Omo _yI h CZH$m _wI Hw$bmS>r g_mZ hmod&o &98&& Oo
r ~mP hmo CZH$m _wI ZrMm hmodo Aa dH$ hmodo Oo H$nU _Zw` h CZH$m _wI d hmodo Aa Omo
` a{hV h CZH$m _wI A{V XrK hmodo `h {ZM` OmZmo&&99&& {OZH$o H$sbm gmaIo H$U h do
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_hrnmb OmZmo Aa {OZHo$ H$mZm| Ho$ Ho$e hmodo do XrKm`w hmod| Aa {OZH$s Zm{gH$m gab Aa gnwQ>
hmodo Aa {N> dn hmodo gmo ^r XrKm`w hmod&o &100&& Aa Omo YZdmZ h CZHo$ N>tH$ EH$ ~ma hmodo
Aa Omo em Ho$ nmR>r h CZHo$ Xmo VrZ dma N>rH$ hmodo Aa g{hV H${hò bJVr Aa _wV H${hò
AmVao AmVao N>tH$ hmodo gmo ò XrKm`w Ho$ Ym[aH$m| Ho$ bjU OmZmo&&1&& Aa {OZHo$ Zom| Ho$ H$moE
H$_b n g_mZ AmaV hmodo do YZ ^moVm Aa èdV OmZmo Aa {OZHo$ JOamO g_mZ Zo Aa
df^ g_mZ Zo do ndrn{V OmZmo&&2&&
em Ho$ AZwgma gjno _m bjU H$ho& dhm bjU em {dfo _mOaw r bmoMZ H$m A{V Xmof
Jm`m Omo _mOma Zo h do A_JbrH$ h, nmnr h _Oma g_mZ h CZH$mo Z Xo{Iò Z g^mfU
H$[aò&&3&& do _Z dMZ H$m` Ho$ nmnm| H$a nyU h, XOZ h, X^J h, H$y a h, H$nQ>r h, AnamYr
h, nwf Ho$ g_V bjU Ho$ JwU {MVZ {dfo AmI H$m bjU _w` h Omo Aa ew^ bjU hmodo
Aa Zo qnJb hmod| Vmo AnbjU Om{Zò& Aa {OZHo$ Zo H$_b Ho$ n g_mZ hmod| Zom| H$s AUr
AU hmodo do _hmYZ Ho$ ^moVm hmodo Aa JOo gm[aIo Zo VWm df^ gm[aIo Zo do ndrn{V
hmod&o Bg ^m{V nwVH$ {dfo {dd^y{V Zo ~mMm gmo _YwqnJb gwZH$a qnJb Zo Ho$ Xmof H$s AmeH$m
H$a d`da _S>n go {ZH$b J`m& gwbgm H$s Amem VO Zd`mdZ {dfo _w{ZdV Yma XoemVa {dhma
H$aVm ^`m&&8&&
Aa gwbgm H$_b g_mZ Zo {OgHo$ gmo d`da {dfo gJa Ho$ H$R> _| da_mbm S>mbr& gJa
gwbgm g{hV gwI ^moJVm ^`m Aa _YwqnJb _w{Zdoe Yao EH$ ZJa {dfo _`mhZ g_` AZoH$
Cndmgm| H$m YmaH$ nmaUm Ho$ AW J`m Wm gmo EH$ gm_w{H$ em H$m nmR>r _YwqnJb `Vr H$mo
nmdm| go bo` _VH$ n`V XoI {ea YwZVm ^`m& Aa AmM` H$mo m ^`m ò dMZ H$hVm
^`m&&12&& BgHo$ Xoh {dfo gm_w{H$ em H$s pQ> H$a {Vb_m ^r Xmof Zht gmo `h `Vr BZ
bjUm| Ho$ g_yh H$m YmaH$ `m am` gnXm Z nmdo Aa BgHo$ qnJb Zo hr _mYw`Vm H$mo Yao
am` gm^m` Ho$ H$maU Eogo bjUm| H$a `wV `h Zd `mdZ {dfo {^jm Ho$ AW ^_o h gmo {YH$ma
gm_w{H$ em H$mo Omo nydm}nm{OV H$_ Zo Bgo XI hr Ho$ AW CnOm`m Vmo Eogo ew^ bjU BgHo$
AJ {dfo `m| Yao&&16&& AWdm Eogo ^r hmo` h Oo gwIm{^bmfr ggma Ho$ XI go ^`^rV h CX`
AmB b_r H$mo ^r {df H$s dob g_mZ OmZ Zht AJrH$ma H$ao h& {df H$s dob \$br h Vmo ^r
ImoQ>m h {dnmH$ {OgH$m Vgo `h amOb_r AZoH$ \$b$n \$br h VWm{n XI $n h CX`
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H$m CnOm _moj H$m A{^bmfr CgHo$ {OZXrjm hmoH$a AmZX CnOo&&18&& ò gm_w{H$ Ho$ nmR>r Ho$
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dMZ gwZ EH$ _Zw` Bg ~mV H$m _a_r Wm gmo ~mobm, ho gm_w{H$ Ho$ nmR>r! BgH$s dmVm Vmo ndr {dfo
{g h V `m Z gwZr&&19&& gwbgm Ho$ d`~a _S>n {dfo AZoH$ XQ> amOm {_bo gmo Bg_| AmIm| Ho$
bjU H$s hrZVm H$m Xmof R>ham`m& qnJbZo H$m A{V AmJUw dUm Ogo _mg H$m Amhmar qZ Aa na
{ZXm H$m H$aUhmam Aa AnZr egm H$m H$aUhmam qZ Vgo hr qnJb Zo H$m YmaH$ qZ&&21&&
gmo `h _YwqnJb Vmo ^mobm Amn gm_w{H$ _| g_Po Zht, A` H$ho gmo _mU gmo BgZo namò dMZ gwZ
AmnH$mo bjUhrZ OmZm qnJb Zo H$m Amn _o Xmof OmZ {Zame hmo Vn YmaVm ^`m&&22&&
Oo Amn _mX Amb` Aa Jd Ho$ `moJ go AmJ_ Ho$ kmVm Zht do namò ~hH$mò ~hHo$
h&&23&& `h Vmo dV Ymar ^`m Aa H$`m Zo d`~a {dfo amOm gJa H$mo dam gmo Cg {dfo
^moJmgV j{`m| Ho$ g_yh H$a _{S>V {VR>&o `h dmVm gwZH$a _YwqnJb H$moY g`w V hmo _ydm gmo
`Va Xodm| _| _hmH$mb Zm_m _hm ZrM Xod ^`m&&25&& Ahmo H$fm` $n {df H$m nmZ A{V {df_
h g`d$n A_V Ho$ nmZ H$mo A{V X{IV H$ao h&&26&& gmo _YwqnJb _hmH$mb Zm_m Agwa
hmo` H$a AdYr {dMma Cg H$a OmZr Oo gJa Zo N>bH$a gwbgm naUr gmo H$moY $n ApZ H$a
_hmH$mb X` {dfo A`V Obo&&27&& r H$m Omo da gmoB ^`m {df Cg H$a XY h X`
{OgH$m gmo j_m $n Ob {~Zm H$moY$n Xmh Ho$ ~wPmZo AW g_W Zht ^`m&&28&&
_hm H$moY H$a Eogr {dMmaVm ^`m Omo Eogm Cnm` H$$ _oam ~ar gJa XrK ggma {dfo XI H$s
nanam ^moJ&o Bg ^d _| _mam Om` Aa ZaH$ {ZJmoX Ho$ AZV XI ^moJ&o `h H$Wm A`mnH$
dgwXdo go H$ho h& Omo _yI na Ord Ho$ AH$`mU Ho$ AW Cnm` H$a nmn H$m CnmOZ H$ao gmo Amn
_hm XI ^moJo h Hw$J{V H$m A{YH$mar hmodo h&&30&& gmo nmnr _hmH$mb Zm_m Agwa H$moY H$a
d{bV Bg âV jo {dfo Am` ZmaX H$a dmX {dfo hmam Omo ndV l_ $n ^_U H$aVm hAm Cgo
XoIm gmo em{S>` Zm_m Vmng H$m $n Ya ndV H$mo {ddmg CnOm` H$hVm ^`m - ho ndV! Vy
IoX _V H$a, _ VwPo gdWm {OVmD$Jm Vy _oar dmVm gwZ&
EH$ Ym ` Zm_m _w{Z CgHo$ nmM {e` CZ_o n{hbm {e` _ empS>` Aa XOm Voam {nVm
jraH$X~ VrOm d` MmWm CXO nmM_m V gmo Vy Ogm jraH$X~ H$m nw Vgm _oam nw gmo Voam
{OgZo An_mZ {H$`m h CgHo$ CS>mZo Ho$ AW _ C_r ^`m h& &35&& Vy _oam ghm` nmH$a jo H$mo
der H$a ndZ g_mZ {_ {OgHo$ Eogr d{bV ApZ Cgo dZ H$m XhZ H${R>Z `m&&36&& Bg
^m{V ndV H$mo H$h H$a dh XQ> Cgo AJo da H$a âVjo Ho$ Am` IS> {dfo g~ amOm Aa Om
H$mo gH$S>m| `m{Y`m| H$a `mHw$b H$aVm ^`m&&37&&
V~ ndV `m{Y Ho$ _oQ>Zo AW empV H$_ H$aVm ^`m& BgHo$ {ddmg H$a ~hV bmoJ BgHo$
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eaUmJV ^ò& amOm gJa _hm _yI AZoH$ j{`m| g{hV AmXa go ndV H$m Aml`H$a _ {dYmZ
dmbm hmo_ H$am` ZramoJ ^`m&&38&& dh XamMmar Agwa qhgm H$s $nUm H$a ^JdV UrV Amf
doX go {d_wI AnZo {H$ò _hmH$y a AZmfdXo XQ> {dmo H$mo n>T>m AnZo de H$aVm ^`m& AZoH$ nmnr
Ord ndV Ho$ _mJ _| dV}& W_ AOm nw hmo_ {H$ò gmo AO_oY `k H$hm`m& {\$a Ad hmo_m
gmo Ad_oY `k H$hm`m& {\$a Jmo_Yo `k {H$`m Jm H$m hmo_ {H$`m& Bg ^m{V AZoH$ `k {H$ò Aa
g~ bmoH$m| _| gmjmV `k H$m \$b {XIm`m& ndV Zo Omo new hmo_o do Agwa Zo _m`m H$a Eogo o {XImò&
Omo do new {d_mZ ~R> H$a dJ Mbo Om` h Eogm ^_ {XIm`m& Omo `k {dfo _aU H$m gmjmV \$b
dJ h AZoH$ `k H$a ndV Zo EH$ amOgr `k ma^ {H$`m Ohm AZoH$ amOm BH$Q>R>o hmodo gmo amOgr
`k H${hò& amOm gJa H$m ~oar _hm H$mbmgwa CgZo AZoH$ nM {XImò&&41&&
V~ ZmaX g{hV {XdmH$a Xod {dmYa Am`m& gmo Agwa H$s _m`m AmJo {dmYa H$m ~b Z
bJm& A{U_m{XH$ JwUm| H$a ~b nmnr Xod Ohm {d{H$`m H$ao dhm {dmYa nyU ^r _Zw` `m
H$ao&&43&& H$mbmgwa Zo AZoH$ Ordm| H$m KmV H$am& AnZo ~ar AZoH$ amOm CZH$mo hmo_ {H$ò ChmoZ| o
OmZm h_H$mo hmo_o Vmo dJ nmd gmo AnZr BN>m go AZoH$ ^_ ^ò& {\$a {ZX` H$mbmgwa Zo gJa
Aa gwbgm H$m ndV Ho$ hmW go hmo_ H$am`m gmo Hw$J{V Jò& ò qhgm $n AZmf doX H$mon H$a
_hmH$mbmgwa Zo {H$ò Aa gd ndr {dfo ndVm{XH$ Zo {dVmao& gJa Aa gwbgm H$m hmo_ {H$ò nrN>o
H$mbmgwa Vmo AnZo WmZH$ J`m&&46&& Aa ZmaX ~mh_U Ho$ nw H$mo {dmYa AnZr nwr na_
H$`mUr Zm_m _hm{dm H$a g`w V naUmdVo ^ò, ZmaX H$m nw g`pQ> h&&47&&
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Zm_m ~mh_U CgHo$ j{` Zm_m r CgHo$ gmo_lr Zm_m nwr gmo Ad{YkmZr ~h_ Xm _w{Z Zo H$hr
Wr Omo doX {dfo Bgo OrVo gmo BgH$m da hmo&&49&& `h dmVm gwZH$a `Xn{V Zo gd doX nT>H$a gmo_lr
H$mo OrVr Aa naUr&&50&& gmo_lr H$m Vmo dgwXdo go Zoh ~T>m hAm Aa dgwXdo H$m Cggoo Zoh
~T>m& XmoZm| H$m nana A{V Zoh dhm gwI H$m dUZ `m H$[aò&&51&& EH$mV _| Xn{V _hm
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nyU a{V H$sS>m {dfo {ZnwU {JaVQ> Zm_m ZJa {dfo gmo_lr Zm_m {Onwr Cg g{hV Xodm| H$gr H$sS>m
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h Aa gmo_lr p`m| _| {eamo^mJ h& _hm _Zmoha AX^Vw gwI XmoZm| ^moJVo ^ò&&53&&
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Mm~rgdm gJ
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Z Amdo&&7&&
dh Vmo H$y a XoemVa J`m& ^mV ^B bmoJm| Zo OmZr dh XamMmar Bhm|Zo _mam& V~ Hw$_ma H$mo
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H$s qhgm Z hmodo &o gd Xoe {dfo A^`XmZ H$s XhmB {\$ao {H$gr Ord H$mo ^` Zht&&12&& CgHo$
nw gmXmg gmo _hm nmnr _mg H$m ^jr Cgo {nVm Zo ~hV {ZXm gmo g~ go Jmo` _mg ^jU H$ao&
{nVm H$s Amkm IS>o Aa {ZaVa _`ya H$m _mg agmoBX ma hmW aYmdo Aa H$moB Z OmZo Bg ar{V Îo
_hb _| Eogo {dnarV H$m` H$ao&&14&&
EH$ {XZ BgHo$ ^jU H$m _mg _mOma bo J`m V~ agmoBX ma Jm_ go ~mha Om` _ao ~mbH$ H$mo
EH$mV {dfo `m`H$a CgH$m _mg gmXmg H$mo {O_m`m& V~ gmXmg g hmo` AmXa go agmoBX ma
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BgHo$ gmd| ^mJ ^r dmX Zht&&17&& _oao go VwPo ^` Zht `WmW H$hmo V~ CgZo H$hm `h ~mbH$
H$m _mg h& V~ ~mobm Eogm hr {Z` bm`m H$amo V~ agmoBX ma Zo H$hm Vwhmao {nVm Ho$ am` _| `h
H$m` Z hmod&| Vw_ Aa h_ g~ _mao Omd|J&o Bg ZJa _o _mg H$m Zm_ Zht gw{Zò h& Bg ^m{V X~m`m
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Vmo ^r nmnr _VH$ ~mbH$ H$m _mg _Jm` Im`m H$ao H$B EH$ {XZ _| {nVm Vmo nabmoH$ H$mo J`m Aa
gmXmg {nVm Ho$ nmQ> ~R>m gmo agmoBX ma agmoB _| bmSy> ~mQ>&o bSw>Am| Ho$ AW ~mbH$ Amdo gmo agmoBX ma
{H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo _ma S>mbo Aa gmXmg Imdo& A~ {ZaVa ZJa _| ~mbH$m| H$s hm{Z hmoZo bJr V~
bmoJm| Zo OmZm `h gmXmg ~mbH$m| H$m Zme H$ao h& V~ bmoJm| Zo {_b Ho$ BgH$mo Xoe go H$mT>
{X`m&&21&& gmo {XZ _| Vmo dZ _| aho h Aa am{ {dfo {N> nm` `mK H$s `mB Amdo h gmo {H$gr
_Zw` H$mo Im` Om` h& dh nmnr bmoJm| H$m ZmeH$ Agm` h {H$gr go OrVm Z Om` gmo Amn
_hmepVdmZ AmO Cgo _mam&&23&&
Bg ^m{V d d` dmbo gmXmg H$s Hw$MoQ>m H$hH$a dgwXdo H$mo d Am^yfU _mbm{X H$a
nyOVo ^ò&&24&& {\$a AMb Jm_ {dfo EH$ g_w H$m ~S>m `mnmar CgH$s dgwXdo Zo nwr naUr&
CgH$m Zm_ dZ_mbm Cg g{hV do Xoemnwa ZJa dhm H$m amOm H${nblwV Cgo `w {dfo OrV H$a
CgH$s nwr naUr&&26&& CgHo$ H${nb Zm_m {g nw ^`m, dhm dgwXdo {damOo gmo H${nbm H$m
^mB Ae_w V Cggo dgwXdo H$s A{V rV ~T>r&&27&& gmo EH$ {XZ Hw$_ma dZ {dfo hmWr nH$S>Zo Jò
Wo gmo ZrbH$R> Zm_m {dmYa BZH$m ew JY hVr H$m $n bo CS>m& V~ Hw$_ma _hm `mom
ZrbH$R> Omo _m`m_` JO Wm Cgo _wpQ> _mar V~ CgZo AmH$me go S>mao gmo dgwXdo CmZ{dfo EH$
gamoda Wm Cg_| Am` nS>&o Zht h `mHw$bVm {OZHo$ {\$a gamoda go {ZH$g EH$ JwhmZm_m nwar dhm
Jò&&29&& dhm EH$ nX_mdVr Zm_m amOH$`m Cgo YZwf{dm Ho$ ^md go naUm CgHo$ {Vkm Wr
Omo YZwdX} {dfo OrVo Cgo _ naUy {\$a O`nwa Ho$ amOm H$mo OrV H$a CgH$s nwr naUr&&30&& {\$a
H${nbm H$m ^mB AmnH$m gmbm Alw_V Cg g{hV ^bnwa Zm_m ZJa Jò& dhm amOm nmS>y CgH$s
nwr Mmhm{gZr gmo {X` AmfY Ho$ ^md H$a nwf H$m doe Yao aho gmo dgwXdo Zo BgH$m dmmV
OmZ naUr&&32&&
CgHo$ gnm Zm_m nw ^`m& EH$ am{ {dfo Mmhm{gZr g{hV Amn nmoT >o Wo gmo am{ {dfo hg
H$m $n Ya AJmaH$ {dmYa bo CS>m V~ Cggo `w {H$`m V~ CgZo AmH$me go S>mao gmo Z_moH$ma
_ H$m _aU H$aVo JJm {dfo nS>o gmo mV hr JJm go {ZH$g BbmdZ Zm_m ZJa Jò& dhm EH$
_hmOZ H$s hmQ> ~R>o gmo _hmOZ Zo ^bm AmgZ {dN>m {X`m& Amn jU _m ~R>o gmo goR> H$s XH$mZ
YZ go â JB& V~ goR> Zo OmZm `h nw`m{YH$mar nwf h& gmo Ka bo Om` H$a AnZr aZmdVr nwr
naUmdVm ^`m& Hw$_ma Cg g{hV {X` ^moJ ^moJVm {VR>&o
EH$ {XZ _hmnwa Zm_m ZJa dhm BdO nyOm XoIZo H$mo J`m gmo ZJa Ho$ ~mha AZoH$ _hb
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XoI,o gmo {H$gr go nyN>r BVZo _pXa {H$g dmVo ~Zmò V~ CgZo H$hm amOm gmo_Xm Zo H$`m Ho$
d`~a {dfo AZoH$ amOmAm| Ho$ ahZo Ho$ {bò ~Zmò gmo H$`m Vmo EH$ H$maU nm` Am`m ^B g~
amOm CR> Jò `h dmVm gwZ dgwXdo H$`m Ho$ dam` H$s egm H$aVo ^ò Aa H$hVo ^ò - Y` h
dh r nwf Oo ~mb ~h_ M` Ymao h Aa Y` h `h {OZemgZ {OgH$a AZV Ord Vao Aa
AZV {Va|J&o Bg ^m{V drVamJ Ho$ _mJ H$s egm H$aVo BdO nyOm XoIVo {VR>o Wo& {Og g_`
amOm H$s amUr BdO H$s nyOm XoIZo AmB gmo VH$mb XeZ H$a Ka JB& Cgr g_` _mVm hmWr
~YZ H$m W^ CImS> gmjmV _`w H$m d$n _Zw`m| H$mo _maVm Am`m&&42&& gmo AZoH$ bmoJ _mao&
CgH$m _hm H$mobmhb eX ^`m Omo Xe {Xem eX$n hmo` JB&&43&&
dh _mVm hmWr erK Am`m gmo p`m| Ho$ g_yh ^mJo EH$ H$`m ^` H$a ndr na {Ja
nS>r&&44&& Aa dgwXdo Hw$_ma JO Ho$ g_wI Om` JO go `w H$a Cgo {Z_X {H$`m Aa g~ bmoJm|
H$s ajm H$ar, `Xn{V Zo JOn{V go H$sS>m H$ar gmo g~ bmoJm| Zo XoIr& hmWr H$mo A{V IoX{I
{Z~b H$a N>mSo >m Aa Amn dh H$`m _y{N>V nS>r Wr Cgo Y` ~Ym` CR>mB gmo dh Bg gwXa nwf
H$mo XoIVr ^B& Eogm $ndmZ Bg ndr _| Zht V~ dh b~o b~o dmg ItMVr AlwnmV H$a
`mHw$b h bmoMZ {OgHo$ gmo bOmH$a Z_r^yV ^B Hw$_ma H$m H$a JhU H$aVr ^B& H$gm h BZH$m
H$a, gwIXm`H$ h ne {OgH$m&&47&&
Hw$_ma Vmo AnZo WmZH$ Jò Aa H$`m H$mo Ym` Aa ghobr AVnwa _| bo JB& &48&& Aa
Hw$doaXm Ho$ Ka Hw$_ma Am^yfU nhZVo Wo {OZHo$ {ZH$Q> amOm H$s manm{bZr AmB& Aa H$hVr ^B
- ho Xod! EH$ amOm gmo_Xm CgHo$ amUr nyUM
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Ho$ d`~a Ho$ AW AZoH$ amOm ~wbmò&&51&& Aa gmo_lr am{ {dfo _pXa _| {VR>r Wr gmo AmH$me
{dfo Xodm| H$m J_Z XoI Om{V _aU ^B Aa o_ H$s âr _ypN>V hmo JB&&52&& {\$a gMoV hmo dh
dJ H$m Xod AnZm n{V Cgo `mdVr _mZ Yma {VR>r VOm h ZmZ ^moOZ {OgZo V~ EH$mV {dfo
Cgo nyN>m V~ CgZo H$hm - _ nyd O_ {dfo Xodr Wr gmo Xod g{hV H$sS>m H$aVr Wr&&54&&
gmo _ Xodr H$s n`m` {dfo Ho$dbr H$mo nyN>m Wm Omo _oam n{V H$hm CnOoJm V~ Ho$dbr Zo H$hm
Wm h[ade {dfo CnOoJm gmo A~ _ OmZm dh h[ade {dfo CnOm h Aa dh {dmYa jo _| AmdoJm
gmo hmWr Ho$ OrVZo H$a {g hmodJo m gmo Ad AmnH$m AmJ_ g~Zo OmZm& dh gmo_lr Vwhmao nyd
^d H$s Xodr Bg ^d {dfo ^r Vw_H$mo dam Mmho h& `h dmVm manm{bZr Zo H$hr Omo AmnHo$ hmWr
Ho$ OrVZo H$m dmmV _ amOm go H$hm gmo amOm Zo _wPo ôOm h& ho gm` MdXZ! Vw_ gmo_lr go
{ddmh H$amo& `h dmVm gwZ AYH$dpQ> H$m nw dgwXdo g ^`m Aa gmo_lr H$mo naUr& dh amOm
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gm`Xm H$s nwr _hm $ndmZ&&58&& XmoZm| hr gwJY eara Aa _hm^mJ gmo nana _wIma{dX H$m
_H$aX nrdVo gwI go H$mb `VrV H$aVo ^ò&&59&&
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EH$ {dmYa gmo_lr H$mo n{V Ho$ g_rn go bo CS>m Aa ew Zo AnZr ~hZ gmo_lr H$m $nH$a dhm
amIr&&60&& dgwXdo OmJo gmo_lr Z XoIr V~ `mHw$b hmo` eX {H$`m - ho gmo_lr! Vy H$hm JB?
V~ `h gmo_lr H$m $n Ym[aUr ew H$s ~hZ ~oJdVr ~mobr - `h _ AmnH$s AZwMar h AmnHo$
hOya hr h& dgwXdo Zo doJdVr Eogr XoIr _mZmo gmjmV gmo_lr hr h& &62&& V~ dgwXdo ~mobo - ho
{ò! Vy ~mha `m| JB? V~ _m`mMm[aUr ~mobr - ho ^mo! _hb _| Ja_r OJr Cggo ~mha {ZH$gr
Eogo ~mobr _mZmo gmo_lr hr h dh nm{nZr $nnamd{VZr {dm Ya gmo_lr g_mZ n{V H$mo AZwamJH$a
a_mdVr ^B& `h H$`m Wr gmo H$`m Ho$ ^md H$mo VOH$a gmo_lr g_mZ MmVw`Vm go dm_r H$mo
godVr ^B& gmo {ZaVa ^moJ ^moJ&o n{V H$mo e`Z H$am` Amn e`Z H$ao& Aa n{V go n{hbo Amn
OmJo Aa n{V H$o nmd nbmoQ>&o &65&&
EH$ {XZ dgwXdo {H$gr H$ma n{hbo OmJo gmo gmo_lr H$m $n Z XoIm Ogm gmo_dVr H$m Wm
dgm XoIm&&66&& V~ dgwXdo _hmYra VH$mb Cgo OJm`m nyNVo ^ò - Vy H$mZ h? gmo_lr H$s ar{V
aho h gmo `moOZ `m h&&67&& V~ Um_H$a H$hVr ^B - ho gmo_! ho MdXZ {dO`m{Ja H$s
X{jU lomr {dfo gwaZmW Zm_m ZJa CgH$m amOm {MmdoJ {dmYa CgHo$ amUr AJmadVr CgH$m nw
_mZgdoJ Aa _ doJdVr Zm_m ~oQ>r&&69&&
EH$ {XZ amOm {MmdoJ _mZg doJ H$mo amO Xo` nmn Ho$ Zme H$aZo Ho$ AW Vn H$aZo H$mo dZ
_| J`m _w{Z ^`m Aa _oam ^mB _mZgdoJ CgZo Vwhmao gmo_lr har Aa AnZo ZJa bo J`m& gmo dh
n{VdVm erb$n JT> _| AIS> aho h&&71&& gmo _oao ^mB Zo _wPo gmo_lr Ho$ {ZH$Q> g H$aZo H$mo
ôOr& gmo _ Cgo {S>Jm` Z gH$s V~ _ CgH$s gIr ^B CgHo$ erb Aa g`H$a de ^B&&72&&
CgZo _wPo dmmV H$hZo H$mo AmnHo$ {ZH$Q> nR>mB gmo _ Hw$dmar Vmo Wr hr, _ Vwhmam $n XoI _mo{hV
hmo JB gmo_lr H$s `mB Vw_go a_r& {Mm H$s {d{M J{V h Omo Vw_ _wPo doJdVr OmZVo Vmo _wPo Z
neVo gmo _ Hw$dmar H$`m Vw_H$mo Amn hr dao& A~ Vw_ _oao n{V _ Vwhmar nZr ~S>o Hw$b H$r ~oQ>r
h Aa Hw$dmar h Vw_ {ZM` H$a bodmo& `y Vw_ gmo_lr Ho$ n{V `y _oao n{V dh _oar gIr h& Eogm
H$h doJdVr ZrMr hmo` ahr& AZwH$ _ go gmo_lr Ho$ haZo H$m dmmV H$hm&&74&&
gmo gwZH$a `Xn{V IoX{I ^`m& Omo XmoZm| hr ~mV A`mo` ^B gmo_lr H$m haU BgH$m
AXmmXmZ JhU `h {OZ emgZ H$s AmZm` Zht& Omo ^bo nwf r H$mo CgH$s BN>m go Z Jho
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Omo CgHo$ _mVm {nVm òR> ^mVm{XH$ Xod| Vmo Jho A~ Vmo Omo ^B gmo ^B& doJdVr AnZr mMrZ
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H$m ^mB, Omo gmo_lr H$mo ha bo J`m Wm gmo gyVo dgwXdo H$mo ^r bo CS>m&&77&& gmo dgwXdo OmJo
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^mo! _oar nwr H$m n{V H$mZ hmodJo m? V~ ^JdmZ Ho$dbr H$s d{Z _| Amkm ^B&&7&& Omo
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_mam&&9&& Aa H$B dma, j{`m| H$mo H$moY H$a Zme {H$`m& {Og g_` naewam_ Zo H$m`dr` H$mo
_mam Cg g_` H$m`dr` H$s amUr Vmam J^dVr Wr gmo EH$mV {dfo {H$gr ^m{V {ZH$g H$a
H$m{eH$ Zm_m Vmng Ho$ Aml_ _| eaU JB& &11&&
dhm {Z^` dgo J^ Ho$ _mg nyU ^ò V~ _mVm ew^ Zj {dfo AQ>_ MH$dVu H$mo OZVr ^B&
gmo MH$dVu naewam_ H$a CnOm gmo j{`m| H$mo mg CgH$m {ZdmaUhmam h& H$m{eH$ Zm_m Vmng
Ho$ Aml_ _| _mVm ^y{_ Jh {dfo OZVr ^B, Cggo gw^{y _ H$hm`m H$m{eH$ H$m _hm a_UrH$ Aml_
dhm gw^{y _ N>mZo ~T>,o `{n Vmng Ho$ Aml_ {dfo ^` Zmht& CZH$m T> eaU h VWm{n _mVm H$mo
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amO H$ao h& Vmn$n ApZ H$a _pS>V H$mo ^moJo h Aa `y `y gw^{y _ ~S>m hmodo h `m| `m|
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naewam_ Ho$ Jh {dfo AZoH$ CnmV hmo` h Aa naewam_ Zo {Z{_mkm{Z`m| go nyN>m Omo `h `m dmmV
h gmo _wPo AmM` ^`m h& ò A{ZQ> Ho$ {XImdZhmao CnmV _oao Jh {dfo `m| hmodo h&&18&&
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Amd| V~ CZH$mo S>mT> go nm â {XImdo gmo {H$gr Ho$ XoIZo H$a H$Ny> Z ^`m O~ gw^{y _ AmdoJm
V~ jra hmo OmdoJr& V~ Bgo _maZo H$mo ew AmdoJm& gmo Or_Zo H$m Wmb hr gwXeZ MH$ hmodJo m Cg
H$a gw^_y ew H$mo hZoJm V~ `h dmVm _oKZmX {dmYa gwZH$a Ho$dbr H$mo dX hVZmnwa
J`m&&23&& Vmng Ho$ Aml_ _| Om` gw^_y H$mo XoIm& em Aa e {dm {dfo _hm drU Vmn
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V~ EH$mV {dfo g~ dmmV H$hm Omo Vw_ ew Ho$ ZmeH$ hmo Bggo A~ Vw_ C_ H$amo A[a$n
Omo BYZ CgHo$ ^_ H$aZo AW gw^_y $n ApZ H$mo _oKZmX $n ndZ Zo d{bV {H$`m&&25&&
gmo gw^_y _oKZmX g{hV ew Ho$ Ka _| Am`m& `h Xm^ H$m AmgZ {~N>m` ^moOZ H$mo ~R>m`m Aa
BgH$mo ^moOZ {dfo j{`m| H$s XmT> {XImB gmo BgHo$ ^mdH$a do XmT> jra $n hmo` naUr&&27&&
V~ ^moOZembm Ho$ Omo A{YH$mar Wo ChmoZ| o erK hr naewam_ go H$hm Omo Vwhmam ew JQ> ^`m h&
V~ dh \$agr hmW _| boH$a gw^_y H$mo _maZo Am`m& Aa gw^_y nm {dfo jra H$m ^moOZ H$aVo Wo
gmo Wmbr hr gwXeZ MH$ hmo J`m Cg H$a gw^_y Zo ew H$mo _mam&
AWmZVa - gw^_y Ho$ MmXh aZ Aa Zd {Z{Y hmoVr ^B& Aa ~mrg hOma _wH$w Q> ~XY amOm
godm H$aVo ^ò& g~Zo OmZm `h AmR>_m MH$dVr ^`m _oKZmX {dmYa Zo AnZr nwr gmo_lr MH$s
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{H$`m& V~ _oKZmX AnZo ew dOnm{U H$mo `w{dfo hZVm ^`m dhm Omo nX_lr naUm Mmho Wm gmo
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_mao, gmo dWm hr _mao& Aa gw^_y H$mVdr` H$m ^r da Z boVo Aa naewam_ go {_Vm H$aVo `h Vmo
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gdm}H$Q> Wm Aa `h j_m Z hmodo Vmo H$mVdr` Ho$ da naewam_ _mao& Aa {dm| `m `moOZ& `h
XmoZm| _hmnm{VH$s _hmVmngr eR>Vm H$aVo ^ò&&23&&
gw^_y gmR> hOma df amO ^moJH$a V Z ^`m drVamJ Ho$ _mJ H$r AmamYZm {~Zm {damYH$
hmo` gmVd| ZaH$ J`m&&26&& Aa gw^_y H$m dgwa _oKZmX CgH$s gVmZ {dfo N>R>m ~b Zm_m
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Chm|Zo ~br H$mo _mam Vmo ~br Ho$ de {dfo ghJrd {\$a nMeV Jrd {\$a {eVJrd&&35&&
B`m{X ~S>o ~S>o amOm ^ò ~hV nmQ> {dVrV ^ò& Cg de {dfo h_mam {nVm Vwhmam dgwa {dwJo
Zm_m amOm ^`m&&33&& gmo dh amOm {dwJo EH$ {XZ Ad{YkmZr _w{Z H$mo nyN>Vm ^`m - ho
^JdZ! _oar nwr _XZdoJm H$m n{V H$mZ hmodJo m? V~ _w{Z Zo H$hm - JJm {dfoo {VQ>Vm Omo
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Zm_m {dmYa AnZo nw Ho$ AW _XZdoJm _mJr gmo _oao {nVm Zo Z XB&&41&&
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{Xò&&50&&
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{dmYa CZ_| H$gm gmoho Ogm Agwa Hw$_mam| _| M_ao gmoh&o &54&& ~S>o {d_mZ ~S>o JO _Xmo_m Aa
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ndZ g_mZ VwaJ CZH$a AmH$me AmN>m{XV ^`m XmoZm| goZm AmH$me _| {^S>t, em| Ho$ g_yh H$s
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Aa H$B EH$ `momAm| Ho$ {ea MH$ H$a N>Xo o Jò naVw M_m g_mZ Cdb è Z ôXo Jò&
^mdmW - gw^Q>m| Zo {ea {X`m na è Z {X`m& IS>JYm[a`m| Ho$ {ZnmV H$a ~S>o ~S>o `mom aU
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naVw _Z Z ^_m&&60&& hmWr KmoS>o aW n`mXo _hm`w H$aVo ^ò eyamnZ _o do CZgo A{YH$ do CZgo
_hm`mom _hmogd Ho$ âo W_ Vmo IoXa{hV ~hV ~oa bJ gm_m` e H${hò Vbdma H$Q>mar gob
^mbm YZwf dmUm{X H$a `w H$aVo ^ò&&62&& Ho$VrH$ doa _| MS>dJo Zo {{eIa Ho$ AJma dJma
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{Zdmam& Aa dm`w` e H$a CgH$m dmUm e {Zdmam& Oo Oo e ew Zo Mbmò do do AnZo
em| H$a {Zdmao& {\$a dgwXdo Zo _mhom e H$a ew H$m {ga N>Xo ` m V~ {{eIa nS>m V~ CgHo$
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Aa `h H$mbdnmH$s Om{V Ho$ {dmYa H$mb V^ H$mo Aml` H$a ~R>o h& H$UM_ H$mo Yao
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hmod&o gmo {Z{_mkmZr Ho$ Eogo dMZ gwZ Oam[gY Zo X`Vy H$sS>m Ho$ WmZH$ {dfo godH$ amIo Wo Chm|Zo
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g_w XI $n Ob nyU h& Bg {dfo gwI H$m boe Zht ò Br O{ZV gwI XI$n hr h&&38&&
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g{hV dgwXdo Yra Z{X`m| Ho$ _Zmoha VQ> CZ {dfo a_Vo Ê&&46&&
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_oar H$Wm gwZmo - JJZ ~b^ Zm_m ZJa {df amOm {dwX Q> Ho$ de {dfo CnOm amOm CgH$s
_ ~mbMm Zm_m nwr ZXr Ho$ VQ> {dfo {dm gmYVr Wr gmo EH$ {dmYa ~oar CgZo _wPo ZmJnme
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gVmBgdm gJ
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nwar Amò gmo amOm XmoZm| nwm| g{hV Y_ ldU H$a dam` ^`m {nhVmld dm_r Ho$ gmW `h {dhma
H$ao& gmo dO`V _w{Z Vmo Km{V`m H$_m] H$m KmV H$a Ho$dbr Ê&&8&& MVwa{ZH$m`m| Ho$ Xod Ho$dbr
Ho$ XeZ Amò gmo YaU| H$s {d^y{V XoI Ho$ dO`V H$m N>mQo >m nw O`V {ZXmZ H$aVm ^`m - Omo
Vn Ho$ ^mdH$a Eogr {d^y{V _ nmD$ gmo H$mb nm` YaU| ^`m Aa O`V H$m ~S>m ^mB gO`V
gmo drVemoH$mnwar Ho$ g_rn ^r_ XeZ Zm_m _gmZ Cg {dfo gmV {XZ H$m {V_m `moJ Ya {VR>o
Wo&&10&&
Aa {dX`Xw Q> {dX`mYa AnZr p`m| g{hV êmb dZ {dfo a_H$a AnZo JJZ ~b^ ZJa
Amdo Wm gmo gO`V _w{Z H$mo XoIH$a nyd^ d Ho$ ~a go `moJ go H$moYm`_mZ hmo {dX`m Ho$ ~b H$a
dhm go CR>m` Bg âV H$s {dO`m H$s X{jU loUr Ho$ g_rn EH$ dU Zm_m {Ja dhm nmM Z{X`m|
H$m gJ_ ^`m h& CZ Z{X`m| H$m Zm_ h[adVr, MS>dJo m, JOdVr, Hw$gw_dVr, gwdUdVr, BZ
nmMm| Ho$ gJ_ {dfo _w{Z H$s am{ {dfo Wmno Aa Amn Ka J`m& ^mV AZoH$ {dX`mYam| H$mo EH$
H$a nmnr H$hVm ^`m - Omo AmO am{ {dfo _wPo dZ Am`m h Omo EH$ amjg _hm H$m`m H$m YmaH$
h_mao g~mo Ho$ j` H$aZo H$mo Am`m h gmo Amnm ôbo hmo` Cgo hV|&&15&& Eogm H$h H$a g~H$mo bo
J`m& do XamMmar ZmZm H$ma Ho$ Am`wYm| H$a _w{Z H$mo CngJ H$aVo ^ò& gmo _w{Z na_ g_m{Y `moJ
H$a erVbZmW Ho$ g_` {g nX H$mo m ^ò& Aa AVH$V Ho$dbr ^ò CZH$s {ZdmU nyOm H$mo
YaUr Amò& gmo {dmYam| H$m H$V` OmZ _hm H$moY$n ^ò XmoZm| loUr Ho$ {dmYa ZmJnme _|
~mYo Aa CZH$s {dm Imog brhr& Aa g~H$mo g_w _| Sw>~moZo H$mo C_r ^ò&&17&& Cg g_`
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gmV_| dJ H$m n{V bmVdo Am` H$a H$hVm ^`m - ho ZmJm| Ho$ B! Vy BVZo Ordm| H$r qhgm
_V H$amo Vy Aa _ Aa `h {dX`Xw X Q> Aa dm_r gO`V BZ Mmam| Ordm| H$s H$Wm ^br^m{V gwZmo,
nana da Ho$ `moJ go ggma dZ {dfo ^_U {H$ò h&
`h H$Wm bmVdo H$ho h Aa YaUr gwZo h&&19&& Bg âV jo {dfo eH$Q> Zm_m {g
Xoe Cg {dfo qgYwnaw Zm_m ZJa dhm amOm qghgoZ CgHo$ amUr am_Xmm gmo g_V H$bm JwU CZ
H$a emo{^V CgHo$ {ZnwU_{V Zm_m Ym` g~ {ZnwUm| _| _hm {ZnwU& Aa amOm Ho$ lr^y{V Zm_m
nwamo{hV gmo AmnH$mo g`dmXr Aa {Zbm}^r H$hmdo Aa _hmbm^ na _hmbmo^r CgHo$ lrXmm Zm_
r&&21&& gmo lr^yV XQ> Zo OJV Ho$ R>JZo AW ZJa Ho$ Mmam| Amoa ^mS>embm ~ZmB& n{Wdr _|
BgH$m ~S>m {ddmg g~ bmoJ BgHo$ Yamoh[a Yao&&22&&
AWmZVa - nX_IS> Zm_m ZJa dhm gw{_Xm Zm_m d{UH$ gmo qghnwa Am`m ~h_y ` nmM
aZ nwamo{hV Ho$ Yamoha Ya VUm H$m oam OhmO MT> g_w H$mo J`m gmo Xd`moJ go OhmO \$Q> J`m
_mb Sy>~ J`m Aa `h ~Mm gmo qghnwa Am`H$a nwamo{hV go nmM aZ _mJo gmo nwamo{hV _hm R>J dh
ZQ> J`m Aa d{UH$ H$mo IoX {X`m& ZJa _| nwamo{hV g`Kmof H$hmdo amOm Om g~H$mo nwamo{hV H$m
~S>m {ddmg Cgo H$moB PyR>m Z H$ho& d{UH$ H$mo g~ {dH$b H$h|& nwamo{hV Zo `h {g {H$`m g_w
_o BgH$m OhmO \$Q> J`m Bggo `h ~aS>mdo h& Ohm Om` H$a `h nwH$mao dhm nwamo{hV H$s ~mobr g~
~mob&| Bgo Jhbm R>ham`m IoX Xod| H$moB `m` Z H$ao gmo `h Amem H$a XY ^`m amO _pXa Ho$
g_rn EH$ D$Mm dj Cg na MT>H$a {Z` nwH$mao& Eogo eX H$ao {H$ `h amOm qghgoZ _hm X`mdmZ
Aa amUr am_Xmm _hm X`mdVr Aa g^r bmoJ ZJa Ho$ ^bo _Zw` h gmo _oam ~mV H$nm H$a gwZmo&
_ Bgr _mg Ho$ H$Unj _| lr^yV Ho$ hmW g`dmXr OmZ nmM aZ gmno Wo gmo _wP H$mo Zht Xodo
h A{VbwY h ~w{ {OgH$s bmo^r nam`m _mb {X`m Z Mmho&
Bg ^m{V `h d{UH$ nha Ho$ VS>H$o {Z` nwH$mao ~hV {Xdg ^ò EH$ g_` amUr Zo amOm go
H$hr - ho _hmamO! ndr {dfo ~bdmZ Aa X~b
g^r h Omo amOm `m`dV Z hmodo Vm ~{b`m|
go X~b
H$go Ord|&&30&& Bg X~b
d{UH$ Ho$ ~bdV nwamo{hV Zo aZ hao h gmo Vwhmao X`m h Vmo
{Xbm Xr{Oò&&31&&
V~ amOm Zo H$hm - ho {ò! g_w _| BgH$m OhmO \$Q> J`m Aa YZ OmVm ahm& {OgH$m YZ
Omdo gmo Jhbm hmodo Cggo A{V XIr ~S >m ^`m dWm bmn H$ao h, CgHo$ bOm Zht&&32&& V~
amUr Zo H$hm Omo ~S>m hmodo gmo H$^r Hw$N> H$^r Hw$N> H$ho `h gXm EH$ dMZ ~mobo h gmo BgH$m `m`
H$amo& EH$ Vmo CgH$m g_w _| YZ J`m Aa nwamo{hV Zo aZ Xm~o gmo `h ~hV XIr h&&33&& ò amUr
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Ho$ dMZ gwZ EH$mV _| amOm Zo g`Kmof go nyN>m gmo ZQ> J`m, Oo YZ Ho$ bmo^r CZHo$ g` Y_
H$hm? V~ amOm Zo amUr hr H$mo `m` gmnm& amUr yVH$sS>m Ho$ N>b H$a naIZo H$mo C_r ^B&
Amn Vmo nwamo{hV go yVH$sS>m H$ao& Aa {ZnwU_{V Ym` H$mo nwamo{hV H$s {`m nmg nR>mB Omo Vw_H$mo
nwamo{hV Zo nmM aZ {Xò h gmo Xodmo Vd CgZo Z {XE& `h H$hr {H$ _ Z OmZy, n{V Zo Bgr ^mpV
{gIm` amIr Wm&&36&& {\$a amUr yV H$sS>m {dfo nwamo{hV H$m OZoD$ OrVm& gmo OZoD$ boH$a Ym`
JB Vmo ^r nwamo{hV H$s r Zo aZ Z {Xò gmo n{V H$s Eogr hr Amkm Wr& {\$a amUr nwamo{hV Ho$ hmW
_| Zm_ H$a g`w V _w{H$m Wr gmo yV H$sS>m _| OrVr Aa dh nR>mB& V~ nwamo{hV H$s [`m Zo Ym`
Ho$ hmW aZ {Xò gmo bo AmB& amUr yV H$sS>m {Zdma nwamo{hV H$mo grI XB&&38&&
do nmM aZ amOm H$mo {XImò Aa amOm Zo do aZ ~hV AnZo aZm| _| {_bm` d{UH$ H$mo {XImò
V~ CgZo AnZo nmM aZ hr CR>m` {bò, nam`m EH$ ^r Z CR>m`m& V~ amOm g`dmXr OmZ d{UH$
H$s ~hV ewlfy m H$ar dh gw{_Xm Zm_m d{UH$ amO _m` ^`m&&39&& Aa amOm Zo g`Kmof
nwamo{hV H$mo Amkm H$ar - Omo Voao naYZ haZo H$s r{V h gmo VrZ XS> AJrH$ma H$a& `m Vmo AnZm
gd YZ Xo AWdm Jmoda Ho$ VrZ Wmb Im AWdm _b H$s _wpQ> ghma gmo dh nmnr _b H$s _wpQ>
Im` _ydm Amm`mZ Ho$ `moJ go _a H$a amOm Ho$ ^S>ma {dfo JY_mXZ Om{V H$m gn ^`m gmo amOm
H$m mohr&&41&& Aa g`Kmof H$m nwamo{hV nX EH$ Yp_b Zm_m ~mh_U H$mo {X`m gmo ^r
{_`mpQ> AZW {dfo C_r Aa ò nM aZ ~mbm d{UH$ AnZo nX_ IS> Zm_m ZJa J`m Aa
OZr ^`m Aa BZHo$ YZ ~hV ^`m gmo _hm XmZ {H$ò Aa BgZo `h {ZXmZ ~mYm Omo _ _a H$a
am_Xmm H$m nw hmoD$ &&43&&
Aa Bg d{UH$ H$s ^m`m gw{_Xmm CgHo$ Bggo {damoY gmo _a H$a `mKr ^B& Aa `h d{UH$
gmYwdm| Ho$ XeZ H$mo ndV {dfo J`m Wm gmo `mKr Zo Im`m gmo _a H$a amUr am_Xmm Ho$ qghM
Zm_m nw ^`m gmo amUr H$m Bggo ~S>m Zoh&&44&& Aa Bg qghM H$m XOm ^mB nyUM
hmoVm
^`m gmo ò XmoZm| B Vr g_mZ {Xn Bg ndr {dfo ò XmoZm| Hw$_ma M gy` g_mZ CmoV H$aVo
^ò&&46&& EH$ {XZ amOm qghgoZ ^S>ma _o| J`m Wm gmo da ^md go Cg JY_mXZ gn Zo S>gm V~
JS> _ H$m YmaH$ JS>Xm Zm_m CgZo _ H$a JY_mXZ Om{V Ho$ g~ gn ~wbmò gmo Amò&&48&&
V~ JmS> Zo H$hm EH$ AnamYr h gmo ahmo Aa g~ Omdmo V~ Ama g~ Vmo Jò Aa `h AnamYr
ahm&&49&& V~ Bgo JmS> Zo H$hm- ho XQ>! Vy AnZm {df erK IM AWdm ApZ _| doe H$a V~
`h nmnr ndrn{V Ho$ mUm| H$m hVm {df Z IMVm ^`m Aa ApZ _| doe H$a ^_ ^`m gmo _a
Ja M_ar_J ^`m& Aa amOm qghgoZ _a H$a ebH$s dZ {dfo hmWr ^`m& dh Yp_b g`Kmof
H$o nwamo{hV nX H$m YmaH$ Cgr dZ {dfo ~Xam ^`m& {_`mpQ>`m| H$mo ew^ J{V H$hm&&52&&
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Aa amUr am_Xmm Ho$ Xmo nw qghM Vmo {nVm nrN>o amO nm`m Aa nyUM
`wdamO nX H$ao gmo
XmoZm| ^mB g_wmV ndr H$mo gwI go nmbVo ^ò Aa amUr am_Xmm H$m {nVm nmoXZmnwa H$m amOm
gwnUy h Zm_ {OgH$m A~ CgH$s amUr {ha`dVr gmo XmoZm| hr {OZ emgZ Ho$ ^V gmo amh^ _w{Z
Ho$ {ZH$Q> am_Xmm H$m {nVm Vmo _w{Z ^`m& Aa _mVm {ha`dVr Am`H$m Ho$ g_rn Am`H$m
^B&&55&& gmo am_Xmm H$s _mVm Am{`H$m AnZo n{V _w{Z CZHo$ _wI go `h H$Wm gwZr Omo amOm
qghgoZ Vmo gn H$m S>gm _a H$a JO ^`m h& Aa nmM aZ dmbm d{UH$ _a H$a am_Xmm Ho$
qghM Zm_m nw ^`m& gmo amO H$ao h Aa _mVm nw Ho$ _moh go dam` Z ^B& `h H$Wm am_Xmm
H$s _mVm gwZ am_Xmm H$mo g~moYZo AmB& gmo am_Xmm ^r _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q> Am`H$m ^B& Aa amOm
qghM d{UH$ H$m Ord dm_r amh^ Ho$ g_rn gmYw ^ò Aa N>mQo >m ^mB nyUM
amO H$ao gmo
AnZo Vmn H$a g~ ew Zdmò naVw g`d Aa dV a{hV Bp`m| Ho$ ^moJm| {dfo AmaV&&58&&
Aa nyUM
H$m ~S>m ^mB qghM am_Xmm H$m nw _w{Z ^`m Wm gmo MmaU [a{ nmB& Aa CZH$mo
Ad{YkmZ ^r CnOm am_Xmm Am{`H$m dm_r qghM H$mo Z_H$ma H$a AnZo Aa AnZr _mVm
Ho$ Aa nw Ho$ nyd O_ nyN>&o &59&&
V~ _w{Z Zo H$hm - Bgr âV jo {dfo H$moeb Zm_m Xoe dhm dH$ Zm_m Jm_ Cg {dfo
_JmÙ Zm_m EH$ ~mh_U &&60&& CgHo$ nwr Xmo EH$ _Ywam XOm dmUr gmo dmUr, H$[hò _Xam
Cgo nr` Ogo _Xmo_m ~mh_U _a H$a A`mo`m {dfo amOm A{V~b Ho$ lr_Vr Zm_m amUr CgHo$
{ha`dVr Zm_m nwr ^B gmo Voar Bg ^d H$s _mVm nyd bo O_ {dfo Voam {nVm Wm gmo Bg O_ {dfo
Voar _mVm {ha`dVr ^B&&62&& Aa ~mh_U H$s N>mQo >r ~oQ>r _Ywam gmo Vy amUr am_Xmm h_mar _mVm
^B Aa ~mh_U H$s N>mQo >r ~oQ>r dmUr gmo Voam bKw nw nyUM
^`m Aa dh gw{_Xm d{UH$ nmM
aZ dmbm _ qghM ^`m Voam nw&&63&& Aa h_mam {nVm amOm qghgoZ lr^y{V H$m Ord Omo gn
CgZo S>gm gmo _aH$a JOamO ^`m Cgo _ lmdH$ Ho$ dV {Xò&&64&&
Aa lr^y{V H$m Ord gn ^`m gmo _aH$a M_ar _J ^`m& {\$a dh _a _hm XQ> Hw$H$Q> gn ^`m
Cgo _ lmdH$ Ho$ dV {Xò gmo AZoH$ Cndmgm| H$a IoX {I nmaUm Ho$ {XZ ZXr {dfo S>mho `m Ob
nrZo H$mo J`m gmo Hw$H$Q> gn Zo S>gm {OZ Y_ Ho$ gmX H$a JOamO Vmo ~mah_| dJ J`m& dhm
lr^w {d_mZ {dfo lrYa Zm_m Xod ^`m gmo Y_ H$o ^md H$a AZoH$ Xo{d`m| g{hV dJ Ho$ gwI
^moJo h& Aa Yp_b H$m Ord {Ogo amOm Zo nwamo{hV nX {X`m Wm gmo _a H$a Cgr dZ _| ~Xa ^`m
CgZo H$moY H$a Hw$H$Q> gn H$mo _mam gmo nmnr Vrgao ZaH$ J`m&&68&& Aa JOamO Ho$ XmVm| Ho$ ApW
Aa _moVr gmo mJ mbXm ^rb Zo YZ{_ d{UH$ H$mo ~oMo Aa d{UH$ Zo amOm nyUM
H$mo ~oMo V~
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amOm d{UH$ go Vmo ~hV VwQ> ^`m Aa JOXV H$m qghmgZ ~Zdm`m& Cg na ~R>o h Aa _mo{V`m|
H$m hma ~Zm`m gmo n{hao h&
ho _mVm! XoImo ggma H$s {d{MVm! _moh Ho$ CX` go mUr `m `m MoQ>m H$ao h `h {dnarV
XoImo&&71&& `h H$Wm am_Xmm Am{`H$m dm_r qghM Ho$ _wI go gwZ Amn Am`H$a _hm _mX
$n Omo nyUM
Cgo gH$b dmmV H$h g~moYm& g`d g{hV lmdH$ Ho$ dV {bdmò XmZ, nyOm,
Vn, erb nma H$a ~mah_| dJ _| Ohm qghgoZ H$m Ord JO H$s n`m` go J`m h dhm hr nyUM

H$m Ord dS>y ` ^ {d_mZ {dfo Xod ^`m Aa am_Xmm Am`H$m ^r dV Ho$ ^md go Cgr dJ {dfo
^H$a {d_mZ _| gy` ^ Zm_m Xod ^`m&&74&& Aa qghM _w{Z Mma AmamYZm AmamY Jd ò H$
{dfo rVH$a {d_mZ _| Ah{_ ^`m&&75&&
AWmZVa - amUr am_Xmm H$m Ord gy` ^ Zm_m Xod dhm go M`H$a {dO`m H$s X{jU
loUr {dmo Ym[aUr {VbH$ Zm_m ZJa Cg {dfo&&76&& A{Vdb Zm_m amOm CgH$r amUr gwbjUm
CgH$s lrYam Zm_m nwr ^B& am_Xmm Ho$ ^d {dfo Vn ~hV {H$`m gmo Xodm`w XrK ~mYr CgH$a Xod
^`m Xodr Z ^B, Xo{d`m| H$m Am`w An h&&77&& gmo _m`m Aa {_`md Ho$ `moJ go Xod n`m`
{dfo r n`m` H$m ~Y {H$`m gmo M`H$a lrYam ^B& gmo lrYam Ho$ {nVm A{V~b Zo AnZr nwr
AbH$mnwar Ho$ n{V amOm gwXeZ H$mo naZmB& CgHo$ nyUM
H$m Ord Omo dS>y `^ {d_mZ {dfo Xod
Wm gmo amUr lrYam Ho$ CXa {dfo èmoYam Zm_m nwr ^B&&78&& gmo Cma loUr _| ^mH$anwa H$m n{V
amOm gy`mdm go {ddmhr& CgHo$ amOm qghgoZ amZr am_Xmm H$m n{V JO H$s n`m` go ghma
gmo ~mahdm XodbmoH$ Cg_| lr^m {d_mZ _| lrYa Zm_m Xod hAm Wm gmo M`H$a èmoYam Ho$
ap_doJ Zm_m nw ^`m&
XoImo ggma H$m M[a, èmoYam H$m Ord amOm qghgoZ H$m nyUM
Zm_ nw Wm gmo Xd `moJ
H$aHo$ èmoYam {dmYar ^B& CgHo$ amOm H$m Ord nw hdm gmo nw go _mVm hmo JB amZr am_Xmm
amOm qghgoZ H$s r Wr gmo ap_doJ Ho$ ^d {dfo lrYam Zm_m ZmZr hmo JB& Eogm OJV H$m M[a h&
AWmZVa - ap_doJ H$m {nVm gy`mdm ^mH$anwa H$m n{V ap_doJ H$mo am` XoH$a Amn
_w{ZM _w{Z Ho$ {ZH$Q> _moj Ho$ AW _hmdV Ymao&&80&& _hmVn {H$`m Aa ap_doJ H$s _mVm
èmoYam Aa ZmZr lrYam `h XmoZm| g`H$ XeZ H$s YaUhmar JwUdVr Am`m Ho$ g_rn Am`H$m
^B&&81&& EH$ {XZ amOm ap_doJ {gHy$Q> M`mb` Ho$ XeZ H$mo J`m Wm gmo h[aM _w{Z Ho$ nmg
Y_ gwZH$a _w{Z ^`m&&82&& gmo EH$ {XZ H$mMZ Zm_m Jw\$m Cg {dfo {OZ AmJ_ H$s d{Z H$aVm
Wm& Aa dh XmoZm| Am`m _w{Z H$s _mVm Ama ZmZr ~XZm H$mo AmB Wr gmo Cg _w{Z Ho$ g_rn {VR>r
Wt& Aa dh nmnr g`Kmof H$m Ord _a H$a gn ^`m, {\$a M_ar _J ^`m, nwZ Hw$H$Q> gn ^`m,
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Hw$H$Q> gn _a H$a Vrgao ZaH$ _| J`m& Cg ZaH$ go {ZH$bH$a Bgr H$mMZ Jw\$m {dfo AOJa
^`m&&84&& gmo ap_doJ _w{Z H$m`mogJ Ya IS>o Wo Aa ò XmoZm| Am`H$m {VR>r hB Wt gmo AOJa
CZ VrZm| H$mo {ZJb J`m, ~S>m h CXa {OgH$m&&85&& gmo ap_doJ _w{Z _a H$a AmR>d| dJ {dfo
MH$ Zm_m {d_mZ _| AH$^ Zm_m Xod ^`m, loR> h ~w{ {OgH$s Aa AOJa _aH$a am `mZ
Ho$ `moJ go nmn $nr H$sMS> go _brZ nH$^m Omo MmWm ZaH$ dhm J`m&&87&&
AWmZVa - MH$nwa Zm_m ZJa Cg {dfo amOm Anam{OV amZr gwXar CZHo$ nmM aZ dmbm
d{UH$ _a H$a amZr am_Xmm H$m nw qghM ^`m Wm gmo nrN>o _w{ZdV Yma Ah[_ ^`m Wm gmo
M`H$a MH$m`wY Zm_m nw ^`m, CgH$s r {M_mbm CgHo$ CXa {dfo amOm qghgoZ H$m Ord Omo
JO H$s n`m` go ~mahd| XodbmoH$ J`m Wm gmo dhm go M`H$a ap_doJ Zm_m {dmYa ^`m Wm Aa
ap_doJ Ho$ ^d go AmR>d| dJ _| J`m Wm dhm go M`H$a MH$m`wY H$m nw dOm`wY ^`m&&90&&
Aa EH$ ndr{VbH$ Zm_m ZJa dhm amOm {`H$a CgH$s amZr A{VdoJm CgHo$ lrYam Am`H$m H$m
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h&&91&& gmo aZ_mbm amOm {`H$a Zo MH$m`wY Ho$ dOm`wY H$mo naUmB& CgHo$ èmoYam Am`H$m H$m
Ord XodbmoH$ go M`H$a aZm`wY Zm_m nw ^`m&
AWmZVa - amOm MH$m`wY AnZo dOm`wY nw H$mo am` XoH$a dm_r {nhVmld Ho$ g_rn
_w{Z hmo` _moj Jò& Aa dOm`wY ^r AnZo nw aZm`wY H$mo am` XoH$a _w{Z ^ò& Aa aZm`wY
{_`md Ho$ `moJ go _Xmo_m ^`m dh nyUM
H$m Ord h&&93&& EH$ {XZ aZm`wY H$m nmQ> hVr
Ob Ho$ AdJmhZo AW J`m gmo _w{Z H$m XeZ H$a nyd ^d _aU ^`m& gmo lmdH$ Ho$ dV Ymao gmo
Z A`mo` Ob nrdo, Z A`mo` Amhma H$ao&&94&& hmWr H$m Zm_ _oK{ZZmX Wm gmo amOm H$mo A{V
~b^ gmo amOm Zo hmWr H$m dmmV Z OmZm V~ ~OXm _w{Z H$mo nyN>r Chm|Zo H$hr&&95&&
EH$ {MH$ma ZJa Cg {dfo amOm r{V^ CgH$s amZr gwXar CgH$m nw rVH$a Aa amOm Ho$
_r {M~w{ CgH$s r H$_bm, Aa nw {d{M_{V& amOm H$m nw Aa _r H$m nw `h XmoZm| hr
dm_r lwVgmJa Ho$ g_rn Vn H$m \$b gwZH$a VU AdWm _| hr _w{Z ^ò&&98&& gmo `h XmoZm|
ZmZm H$ma Ho$ Vn H$aVo hE Aa {ZdmU jo H$m XeZ H$aVo hE EH$ g_` A`mo`m _| Amò&&99&&
gmo _r H$m nw ZJa _| Amhma H$aZo H$mo J`m Wm gmo ~w{goZm Zm_m do`m A{V $ndVr Wr CgH$mo
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{H$`m&&100&&
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{dfo drU hmoZo go amOm g hAm, gmo amOm Zo H$hm - Hw$N> _mJ V~ CgZo do`m _mJr&&1&& gmo
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Ag`_r do`m H$m godZ H$a Aa _mgmhmar _aH$a gmVd| ZaH$ _| J`m&&2&& dhm go {ZH$b H$a
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^`m h& `h _w{Z Ho$ dMZ gwZH$a Zao Aa JO| XmoZm| hr {_`m $n H$bH$ H$mo `mJH$a lmdH$
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_Xr Zm_m r Ho$ A{VXmU Zm_m ^rb ^`m&&5&& Aa dOm`wY Zm_m _w{Z amOm qghgoZ H$m Ord
{`Jw IS> Zm_m dZ {dfo `mZ Ya {damOo Wo CZH$mo dh nmnr A{V XmU ^rb CngJ H$aVm ^`m&
gmo _w{Z CngJ gh gdmW{ g Jò& Aa ^rb A{VXmU gmVd| ZaH$ J`m& gmo _w{Z h`m Ho$ `moJ
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gmobhd| dJ Ho$ {Zdmgr Xod ~b^ ZmamÙ nw ^ò& gwdV m Ho$ ~rV^` Zm_m ~b^ ^`m Aa
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^_U H$aHo$ XIr ^`m&&16&&
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J`m Wm gmo dhm go M`H$a gO`V _w{Z ^ò Aa Vy _h| dhm go M`H$a O`V Zm_m gO`V H$m
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da `mJH$a gO`V Ho$ ^d {dfo {g Ê& Aa Vy da Ho$ `moJ go ^d ^_U H$ao h& Bggo ho
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~a _V H$a Aa {_`md N>mSo >& Bg ^m[V Am{X`^ Zm_m Xod bmH$mpVH$ dJ H$m B CgZo
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YaU| Zo {dmYam| H$mo Ord XmZ Vmo {X`m naVw {dm IpS>V H$ar gmo H$Q>r nmI Ho$ njr H$s
`mB bS>y a hmo JE V~ YaU| go {dmYam| Zo {dZVr H$ar, ho Xod! h_H$mo {dm H$s {g{ H$go hmo`?
V~ ZmJo Zo H$hm - Vw_ g~ {dmYa dm_r gO`V dm_r H$s n{d {V_m nmM gm YZwf D$Mr
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{dfo amohUr kr Jmar `h VrZm| {dm BZH$mo {g Z Am`|Jr& Xgao nwfm| H$mo VnMaU H$a {g
hmo`Jt Bg ^m[V ZmJo Zo Amkm H$ar V~ {dmYa Bgr ^m{V H$aVo Ê& Aa YaU| H$s ~hV Vw{V
H$ar ~ma~ma Z_H$ma H$aVo ^ò& Xod Vmo AnZo WmZH$ JE& Aa {dmYa {dX`m Ho$ AWu {h_dV
ndV na gO`V dm_r H$s gwdU aZ_B {V_m WmnVo ^ò& Aa ZmZm H$ma CnH$aU nYamE&&30&&
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AQ>R>mBdm gJ
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dh ZJar g_V dVw Ho$ {dVma H$a {g h&&14&& dhm ~mh` CX`mZ {dfo EH$ H$m_Xod H$m
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gmo EH$ {XZ AnZo MVwnX new XoIZo Am`m V~ EH$ ~mbH$ ^gm _hmXrZ goR> Ho$ nmdm| nS>m V~
goR> Zo dmb go nyN>r `h `m AmM` h V~ dmb Zo H$hm `h ^gm O_m Cgr {XZ _oao nmdm| nS>m
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{\$a ~mbH$ ^`m& gmo Vw_H$mo XoI Bgo ^d _aU ^`m& Bggo S>a H$a Voao nmdm| nS>Vm h {H$ A~
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_mZd g~ hr gwZVo ^ò& H$Wm H$mo gwZ H$a do gVw Q> ^`m h {Mm {OZH$m gmo H$UnQw > H$a Ho$ H$Wm
$n A_V H$m nmZ H$aVo ^ò&&30&&
Ho$dbr H$ho h - n{hbm ZmamÙ {nR> CgH$m ew AdJrd AbH$mnwar H$m n{V {dmYam|
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bm{H$H$ `dhma h Omo Ord h n{Wdr An VoO dm`w Q>ma H$moB Aa Ord Zht& A~ VH$ Ord H$mo
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XI H$m ^moVm H$moB nXmW Zhr& nabmoH$ h hr Zht, Bggo Z H$moB _moj Aa Z H$moB _moj H$m
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Xmof CnOm hAm Wm gmo H$mon H$a _Zo Bg ^go H$m nmd VmoS >m&&46&& gmo AH$m_ {ZOam Ho$ `moJ go
`h ^gm bmo{hV Zm_m _hm Agwa ^`m& gmo A~ `h ^r dXZm ^pV H$mo Am`m h&&47&&
Ho$dbr H$ho h - ho amOZ! Bg bmoH$ {dfo g~ Ordm| go {_ ^md hr H$aZm H$moY H$m g~Y
h gmo Ordm| H$mo AY H$ado g_W h& Bggo ho amOZ! Oo _mojm{^bmfr h do H$ moY H$mo de H$a emV
^md H$mo AJrH$ma H$amo& emV ^md hr {ednX H$m H$maU h& `h H$Wm gwZ amOm Am{X AZoH$ OZ
{OZ Xrjm YmaVo Ê& Aa dh _{hfmgwa H$nQ> H$a a{hV ^`m& _m`m {_`md `mJ H$a emo^Vm
^`m& Aa g~ hr g^m Ho$ bmoH$ Ho$dbr Ho$ eX gwZ H$a {V~moY H$mo m ^ò&&49&& g~ hr gwa
Agwa Za Ho$dbr H$mo Z_H$ma H$a AnZo AnZo WmZ H$mo JE& Aa _JdO Ho$dbr Am`w nyU H$a
na_ Ym_ H$mo {gYmao&&50&& Omo ew dV H$m YmaUhmam AnZo _Z {dfo _{hf Aa _JdO H$m
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lmZ H$ao&&51&&
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CZVrgdm gJ
AWmZVa - H$m_Xod goR> Zo M`mb` Ho$ AmJo Ohm bmoJm| H$m AmJ_Z hmo` dhm _JdO
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a{V H$s _y{V Wmnr AZoH$ bmoJ H$m_Xod Aa a{V _y{V XoIZo Amd|& Aa _JdO Aa _{hf H$s _y{V
XoI BZH$m dmmV gwZo gmo gwZ H$a ~hV Ord {V~moY H$mo m hmo` h&&2&& `h M`mb` {g
h Aa `h dmmV ~hV OmZo h H$B EH$ Ord `hm Amn Y_ H$s lm H$mo m hmo` h gmo H$m_Xm
goR> H$s gVmZ _| AZoH$ nwf ^ò h& Bg g_` CZH$m gVmZ _| H$m_Xod goR> h CgHo$ $n `mdZ
H$a nyU MdXZr ~Y_w Vr Zm_m nwr h gmo ~Yw OZm| H$mo AmZX CnOmdo h& gmo H$`m H$o {nVm
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dgwXdo H$mo XoIZo Jò gmo amOm H$s nwr {`Jw gwXar {OgHo$ A{W Bg nwa _| `Xn{V Amò h gmo ^r
BZH$mo {H$gr H$ma XoI H$a A{V AZwamJZr hB& &14&& Eogr _mo{hV ^B Omo Cgo ImZ nmZ ^r Z Mo
gmo dh {`Jw gwXar H$s `h ~Yw_Vr goR> H$s nwr gIr h gmo dh AnZr gIr go EH$mV {dfo
nyN>Vr ^B& Omo Vy ^Vm Ho$ A{V ~b^ h gmo AnZo n{V H$s drUVm H$s dmVm h_H$mo ^r
H$hmo&&15&&
V~ dmZo dgwXdo H$s drUVm H$s g~ dmVm Cggo H$hr gmo dh gwZH$a A{V {dhdb hmo
JB&&16&& gmo A{^_mZ N>mSo > H$a BZHo$ ma hr AmB V~ Cgo AmB gwZ dgwXdo H$mo {MVm CnOr Omo
`h AnZr BN>m go AmB gmo AmXa `mo` Zht Aa Bgo _m[aò Vmo r h`m bJo gmo AZw{MV h&
V~ {dMma H$a `mXd Zo {H$gr {_gH$a H$mb jon {H$`m&&18&& Amn Vmo ~Y_w Vr g{hV EH$ goO
na gmo`m Aa dh AbJ ~Yw_Vr Ho$ _hb _| gmoB Aa am{ g_` EH$ ZmJHw$_mar Xodr dbZ^
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Zm_m Xod H$s r AMmZH$ Am JB&&19&& gmo AnZo Am^yfUm| H$s H$m{V H$a H$me $n H$ar h
g~ {Xem {OgZo, ZmJ H$m h {MhZ {OgHo$ Cgo XoI H$a dgwXdo AmM` H$mo m ^`m& {Mm _|
qMVdo h {H$ `h {X` r H$mZ h&&21&&
V~ Cg Xodr Zo dgwXdo H$mo ~wbm` H$a {` dMZ H$ho& dh Xodr _hm {dZ`dmZ h Aa {_Q>
dMZ ~mobZo {dfo A{V drU h Xodr dgwXdo go H$ho h - ho Yra dra! _oao AmJ_Z H$m H$maU gwZ
{Og H$aHo$ Voao H$mZ V hmo` Ogo A_V ag H$a V{ hmo`&&23&& ho Hw$_ma! EH$ MXZdZ Zm_m ZJa
dhm amOm A_moKXeZ A[a_S>b H$m OrVZhmam, ~b h namH$_ {OgH$m CgH$s amUr Mm_Vr Aa
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dOm hr h&&26&&
AWmZVa - H$B EH$ [XZm| _| amOm A_moKXeZ Y_ H$s Zhr h naI {OgHo$ gmo `k Ho$ _mJ
H$s lm H$aVm ^`m& dhm H$m{eH$m{XH$ OQ>mYmar AZoH$ Vmng Amò&&27&& gmo Vmng amOm H$s
g^m _| ~R>,o amOm Zo H$m_nVmH$m H$mo Z` H$s Amkm H$ar& gmo H$m_nVmH$m Z` H$bm H$a g~
_Zw`m| H$m _Z haVr ^B& H$m{eH$ Zm_m Vmng \$b n H$m Amhmar CgH$m _Z Mbm`_mZ ^`m
Vmo Aa H$s `m H$Wm amOm Ho$ `k {dYmZ {Zd ` ^`m& V~ dh H$m_nVmH$m amOm Ho$ nw Zo
AJrH$ma H$ar V~ `h Vmng amOm n Amò amOm H$mo AnZo ^V OmZ H$hVo ^ò - `h H$`m
H$m{eH$ H$mo Xo V~ amOm Zo H$hr H$`m Vmo _oao H$w da Zo dar&&31&& V~ H$m{eH$ H$moY H$a amOm go
H$hVm ^`m& _ gn hmoH$a VwPo S>gJy m& Bg ^m{V boe H$a H$m{eH$ J`m V~ amOm A_moKXeZ S>am
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^r Z OmZo gmo VmngZr Ho$ Aml_ {dfo G${fXmm Zm_m nwr ^B&&34&& gmo ~S>r ^B EH$ {XZ dZ
_o MmaU _w{Z Amò CZHo$ g_rn G${fXmm Zo {OZY_ H$m lmZ {H$`m& {\$a dh H$`m `mdZ
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Am`m gmo G${fXmm Vmng H$`m AHo$br hr Wr& CgZo erbm`wY H$mo _Zmoha Amhma H$am`m& `h
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_V hmodmo _ H$h gmo gwZ, _ lmdlr ZJar H$m n{V BdmHw$der amOm emVm`wY H$m nw h erbm`wY
_oam Zm_ h& gmo Vy nw g{hV _oao nmg AmB`mo&&41&&
Bg ^m{V Vmng H$`m H$mo amOHw$_ma Y` ~Ym`m Bgo Cagm| bJmdVm ^`m& BVZo _| hr H$Q>H$
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H$`m H$mo S>amB Aa H$hm - ho {ZbO! VyZo `h `m H$m_ {H$`m? V~ Cg H$`m Zo _mVm {nVm
go gH$b dmmV H$hm&&44&& Zd_| _mg dh Vmng nwr nw H$mo OZVr ^B gmo nw {nVm g_mZ
$ndmZ hmoVm ^`m& Aa gy{V g_` Vmng nwr Vmo H$mb de ^B&&45&& gmo _a H$a MmaU _w{Z
Ho$ CnXoe Ho$ ^md H$a dbZ^ Zm_m ZmJHw$_ma Ho$ _ ~b^m ^B gmo Ad{YH$a nhbm ^d
OmZm&&46&& V~ X`m Aa Zoh Ho$ de go dZ Ho$ {dfo _mVm {nVm Omo Wo Aa ~mbH$ nw Omo Wm dhm
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Zo H$hr _ Anw _oam nw H$hm&&52&& Aa ho VmngZr! VyZo `h nw H$hm nm`m?
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_ h& &60&&
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_ H$`m VwPH$mo XB V~ _mVm {nVm g~Zo XB Bggo Vwhmam gJ_ hmod&o Eogm H$h dh H$`m H$m
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AmH$me H$mo CbKZ H$a dUZm^nwa Om` nhM

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_{Xa bo Om` Cgo N>mSo >m V~ _mZgdoJ H$mo dgwXdo go A{V {hV Cn`m V~ dh _mZgdoJ dgwXdo
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Aa Cgr g_` Oam[gY Ho$ MmH$a dgwXdo H$mo nH$S> H$a nwa _| bo Mbo, Bhm|Zo CnH$ma {H$`m Wm gmo
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g_` {dmYa dgwXdo H$mo AmH$me _| bo CS>m&&51&&
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H$am`m&&52&& ^br {V{W ^bm Zj ^bo `moJ {dfo ^mdVr Ho$ _mVm {nVm Am{X g~ Hw$Qw>~r
g hmo` ^mdVr H$m dgwXdo go {ddmh H$amdVo ^ò& BZHo$ {ddmh go n{hbo hr nana r{V Vmo
CnOr hr Wr A~ nana _mo{hV ^ò dra ~tX ~tXZr ^moJ gmJa {dfo _JZ hmoVo ^ò&&56&& Omo
{_m| H$aHo$ g`w V h Aa CgHo$ nmn H$m CX` Amdo Vmo {d`moJ hmo` Om` Aa Omo {OZ Y_ Ho$ ^V
h {VZHo$ nw` Ho$ ^md go {d`moJ H$m A^md hmo` h Aa {_m| go {_bmn hmo` h&&57&&
B{V lr A[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm ^mdVrbm^dUZmo Zm_ qe gJ &&30&&
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h {VZHo$ Zm_ H$hVr ^B&&20&&
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ho H$ò! `h dgwYm H$m Bda OamqgY {VR>o h eaV H$s nw`m| Ho$ M g_mZ doV N> {OgHo$
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dgwXdo Hw$_ma Zo ndZ dmU H$a Aa _h| dmU H$a d[a`m| Ho$ dmU N>Xo o YZwf VmoS >o Aa M_m
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H$mo A_moK ~mU gmYm Cgr g_` {ha`Zm^ H$s nj dgwXdo Amò Aa AnZo AYM ~mU H$a
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AZoH$ bS>| EH$ go EH$ hr `w `mo` h&&92&&
V~ OamqgY Zo Y_ `w XoIZo H$s BN>m H$a amOmAm| H$mo Amkm H$ar& Omo Bggo H$`m Ho$ A{W
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go amOm XVdH$ Zo `w Ama^m gmo XVdH$ _hm CV {MaH$mb `w H$aVm ^`m {VgH$mo ^r dgwXdo
Zo aW a{hV {H$`m Aa CgH$m g~ nwfmW ha Cgo ^r OrdVm N>mSo >m&&96&& {\$a H$mb g_mZ CV
amOm H$mb _wI gmo dgwXdo go `w H$aZo Am`m gmo dgwXdo Zo CgH$mo ^r OrVm Aa OrdVm N>mSo >m {\$a
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go H$hr - ho Zn! Vw_ e{dm {dfo drU hmo gmo aU {dfo Bg _mZr H$m _mZ hamo&&99&&
V~ OamqgY H$s Amkm H$a _hm `m` Ho$ domm amOm g_w{dO` `w H$mo C_r ^ò& Omo
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BgH$s Va\$ AnZm aW Yrao Yrao Mbmd `h _oao Jw OZ h gmo BZgo EH$ ar{V go `w H$aZm h&&3&&
X{Y_wI Zo H$hm Omo Amn Amkm H$amoJo gmoB hmo`Jo m& gmo ~S>o ^mB H$s Va\$ Yrao Yrao aW Mbm`m
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H$hr - ho ^w! ew H$mo OrVo nrN>o ~Yw H$m Ad` {_bmn hmo`Jm&&80&&
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Aa ho amOZ! `h ew AJmY `moYm h Aa AZoH$ amOmAm| H$a OrVm Z Om` VmV g~ amOmAm|
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Voam _mZ $n {eIa AmN>m{XV H$$Jm&&12&&
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g_w{dO` hmo Aa _| gJm _{dO` h Aa AJa Vw_H$mo VrV Z Amdo Vmo erK hr dmU Mbmdmo& O~
Hw$_ma Zo `h dMZ H$ho V~ g_w{dO` ~S >o `moYm {~Zm OmUo bKwdra na dmU MbmVo ^ò&&15&&
gmo `moYm Zo Omo ~S>o ^mB Ho$ dmU Amò gmo ~rM hr _| H$mQ>o Amn VH$ AmdZo Z {Xò&&16&& Aa Amn
Oo dmU Mbmò gmo ^mB H$m AJ dMm H$a Mbmò ~hV doa gm_m` em| go `w ^`m&
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dmU Mbm`m& gmo Hw$_ma Zo dm`w dmU H$a {Zdmam B`m{XH$ AZoH$ dmUm| H$a XmoZm| dra {^S>,o XmoZm|
hr {X`m {dfo drU gmo _hm `w H$aVo ^ò& {OZH$s AmH$me {dfo Xod Vw{V H$ao h&&18&& ~hV
H$hm bJ H${hò Oo Oo dmU ~S>o ^mB Zo Mbmò Vo g~ N>mQo >o ^mB Zo ~rM hr _| H$mQ>o Ogo JS> gn
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{H$ò&&19&&
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amOm H$m aW Aa gmaWr Aa KmoS >o Km`b H$ao Aa ~S>o ^mB Ho$ AJ H$m ~Mmd {H$`m& V~ amOm Bg
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{X`mm| _| _hm ~b Omo amm gmo Mbm`m V~ dgwXdo Zo ~h_ e H$a CS>m`m&&22&&
e {dm {dfo _hm drU Omo dgwXdo CgZo aU {dfo g_w{dO` Ho$ AZoH$ e N>Xo o Aa ~S>o
^mB H$m eara ~Mm`m& Bg ^m{V ~hV Xoa VH$ aU H$sS>m H$a CnOm h A{YH$ Zoh {OgHo$ gmo
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AnZo Zm_m H$s nr ~mU Ho$ ~mY ~S>o dra n nR>mB gmo dmU amOm Ho$ nmdm| _| Om` nS>m& V~ amOm
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AmnHo$ MaUmaqdXm| H$mo Um_ H$ao h&&26&& `h n Ho$ g_mMma dmM H$a amOm ^mB Ho$ Zoh H$a
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h nyd ^d {dfo dgwXdo Zo _hm Vn {H$ò h Eogo Vn Amam| go Z dZo&&36&&
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H$s Amkm _mJr, V~ ~mbMm H$m {nVm H$mMZXQ> Aa doJdVr H$m ~S>m ^mB _ZmodJo Bhm|Zo
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bo`H$a Hw$bnwa Zm_m ZJa JE&&33&& dhm nX_lr Aa AdVr gwXar Aa gyagoZm Aa AnZo nw
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gmdYmZ hmo` gwZmo& EH$ [ghnwa Zm_m ZJa CgH$m {Zdmgr amOm qghaW _hm CV h Aa CgHo$ aW
Ho$ qgh OwVo h qghm| Ho$ aW na MT>m {\$ao h gmo ~b h nwfmW CgH$m&&4&& CgH$mo Omo H$moB OrdVm
nH$S>H$a _wPo {XImdo dhr nwf gmdVm| _| _hm gmdV h& dh ewAm| Ho$ è $n g_w H$m
nrdZhmam, Cgo _ _mZ YZ Aa AnZr nwr Ordèm naUmD$Jm Aa Omo Xoe _mJo gmo hr X& &7&&
`h _wZmXr dgwXdo Zo gwZr V~ AnZo g~ {e`m| H$mo Amkm H$ar {H$ Bg _wZmXr H$m nVm Vw_
bmAmo gmo nVm boVo hr dgwXdo qghaW na MT> H$a Jò Om`H$a Cggo `w Ama^m gmo dh qghaW
Vmo Omo qgh {V`M CZHo$ aW na MT>m& Aa dgwXdo {dm_B Omo qgh CZHo$ aW na MT>m, gmo g~
dgwXdo Zo AnZo dmU Cg na Mbmò V~ qgh ^mJo Aa qghaW ^mJm V~ dgwXdo Zo H$g H$mo Amkm
H$ar Vy BgH$mo ~mY V~ H$g Zo dgwXdo H$s Amkm go qghaW H$mo ~mYm V~ dgwXdo Zo g hmoH$a
H$g go H$hr - Vy da _mJ V~ CgZo H$hr - ho ^w! Vwhmam dMZ ^S>ma aho& O~ _wPo Mm{hòJm
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Zo H$hr - H$mgm~r ZJar {dfo _OmoXar Zm_m _ {dH$o Vm _oar _mVm h&&13&& `h H$g Ho$ dMZ
gwZH$a OamqgY {Mm _| {MVdo {H$ BgH$s AmH${V amOnw Ogr h, `h H$bmbr H$m nw Zht& Cgr
g_` H$mgm~r ZJar go _OmoXar ~wbmB, V~ dh _Ofy m Aa _wH$m bo AmB&&15&&
V~ OamqgY Zo nyN>r - `m `h Voam nw h? V~ CgZo BgH$m dmmV H$hm {H$- ho ^w! `_wZm
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gmo {Z` gH$S>m| CahmZo bm~o V~ _ CahmZmo go S>ar&&17&& `h d^md hr H$a {ZXB ~mbH$m| go
H$sS>m H$ao gmo CZHo$ nana {ga {^S>mdo Aa do`mAm| H$s MmoQ>r nH$S> nH$S> I|M&o CZH$mo `mHw$b
H$a N>mSo >,o V~ bmoJm| Ho$ CamhZo go _ Bgo Ka go {ZH$mbm& gmo `h {^jm Ho$ AW {dXoe _| J`m& {H$gr
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H$m e {dm _| {e` ^`m, A~ eH$bm _| {ZnwU h&&20&& BgH$s _mVm `h _Ofy m h, _ Zht
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dh _Ofy m _hrnV H$mo {XImB Cg_| amOm CJgZo Ho$ Zm_ H$s _w{H$m gmo Oam[gY Zo dmMr&&22&&
Cg_| `h {bIm hAm Wm {H$ `h amOm CJgZo Aa amUr nX_mdVr H$m nw J^ {dfo {VR>Vm
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h& nX_mdVr _oar ~hZ CgH$m nw h V~ OamqgY h{fV hmo` H$g H$mo AnZr H$`m Ordèm
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{VR>&o `h Ordèm OamqgY H$s H$m{bX goZm Zm_m amZr CgH$s nwr h&&27&&
H$g Zo _Wwam H$m amO nm`m V~ {dMmar `h g~ CnH$ma dgwXdo H$m h gmo _ ^r Hw$N> CZH$s
godm H$$& V~ mWZm H$a dgwXdo H$mo _hm ^pV go _Wwam _| bm`m& Aa AnZr ~hZ XodH$s dgwXdo
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KZo hr h _ `m H$$Jr& V~ n{V nZr ghH$ma Zm_m dZ {dfo A{V_wVH$ dm_r Ho$ {ZH$Q> Jò,
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{dH$b` H$s H$hm ~mV&&63&& Voao ndrH$m`, ObH$m`, ApZH$m`, dm`wH$m`, dZn{VH$m`, `h
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Aa CJgZo H$mo boe XoZo Ho$ A{W {ZXmZ {H$`m Omo _ BgH$m nw hmo` Bgo nrS>m CnOmD$, gmo
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dh mU VO CJgZo H$s amUr nX_mdVr Ho$ J^ {dfo Am`m&&85&& {Og {XZ go J^ _| Am`m Cgr
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Z qMVdZ _| Amdo, Z H$hZo _| Amdo, V~ amOm Zo H$hm Omo CnOm h gmo H$hmo, V~ amUr amOm Ho$
hR> go Amgy ^[a JX JX dmUr H$a H$hVr ^B - ho ^w! Bg J^ Ho$ Xmof H$a _wP nmnZr H$mo Xmohbm
CnOm h {H$ Vwhmam CXa {dXma aVnmZ H$$, V~ amOm Zo AnZo eara g_mZ _Xo H$m nwVbm
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MT>mò&&89&&
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OmZmo hr hmo&&91&& dh XQ> {ZXmZ Ho$ Xmof H$a {nVm H$m {ZJh H$aVm ^`m, gmo A~ Voam nw CgHo$
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JXm, IS>J H$m YmaH$ H$gm{XH$ d[a`m| H$mo hU H$a VrZ IS> H$m ^moVm hmodJo m&&94&& Aa Bggo
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`h dmVm H$h H$a dh N>hm| Vmo Jò Aa N>mQo >m gyagoZ ^mB H$mo amIm Vhm ~R>m& Cg g_` COZ
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Ho$ doJ H$a _y{N>V hmo JB gmo gmgy Zo godH$m| go H$hr Bgo _gmU _| S>mb Amdmo, gmo gmgy H$s Amkm
go _hmH$mb _gmZ _| S>mb Amò&&19&& nrN>o amr {dfo _Jr H$m n{V dO_pw Q> Am`m gmo `h dmmV
gwZ H$a `mar Omo {`m VmHo$ Ty>T >Zo H$mo _hm Zoh go _hmH$mb Zm_m _gmU {dfo J`m& EH$ hmW _|
IS>J Aa EH$ hmW _| XrnH$ gmo amr H$mo {V_m `moJ Yao EH$ daY_ Zm_m _w{Z {damOo hE Wo
{VZH$s VrZ X{jUm Xo Z_H$ma H$a dO_pw Q> H$hVm ^`m - ho ny`nmX! Omo _ AnZr r H$mo
nmD$Jm Vmo _ ghXb H$_b H$a Vwhmar nyOm H$$Jm&&13&& `h H$h H$a Ty>T >Zo Am`m gmo _Jr H$mo
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hmo JB&&14&&
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Zm_m nw H$mo amO Xo Amn ggma eara ^moJV| {daV hmo` m`monJ_Z Zm_m g`mg Yma AmamYZm
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Z hmoVm ^`m& Omo ~S>o nwf h {VZ V A`mo` {H$`m Z hmo`& Aa OJV H$m ~b^ Omo B{ZH$mo Xo{I
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AZoH$ Vmng H$X _ybm{X \$bnm| Ho$ ^jU hmao aho& &14&& {OZ_| EH$ gw{_ Zm_m Vmng CgHo$
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a_Vm ^`m gmo A{V H$sS>m H$a H$mo_b goO {dfo XmoZm| bJH$a gyVo gmo nana ^wOmAm| Ho$ ne go
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hr {ZdoXZ H$ao h& nhbo Vmo dh Hy$H$Q> D$Mo da ~mobo h {\$a ZrMo da ~mobo gmo _mZmo gwI goO gyVr
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dh OmJo& Aa n{V H$mo ^moOZ H$amò nrN>o Amn ^moOZ H$ao gmo _Ur H$U go nhbo OmJ H$a goO
go CVa ~R>r Aa n{V Ho$ nmd Xm~o gmo H$U {`m Ho$ hmW H$m ne OmZ H$a OmJo XoIo Vmo gmjmV
b_r nmd nbmoQ>o h Aa a{V H$sS>m H$a XXr`_mZ h _wI H$_b {OgH$m Aa bOm H$a ZrMr hmo`
ahr h&&8&& gmo H$U ZdrZ H$m_Zr H$mo XoI H$a A{V AZwamJ $n ^ò Eogr gwXa r {H$gr Ho$
Zht Aa ^mV Ho$ dm{X ~mOo gJrV H$s Eogr d{Z ^B Ogr _oh H$s d{Z hmo` maH$m _| Ka Ka
bmoH$ OmJo, g~ Om AnZo AnZo H$m` {dfo dVu Aa gy` H$m CX` ^`m Omo {V{_a {ZemH$a
go Z J`m Wm gmo gy` Ho$ CX` go J`m Aa nXmW JQ> ^mgZo bJo gy` X{Zdma {V{_a Ho$ haZo H$mo
g_W h Aa OJV H$m Zo {Z_b h gmo JQ> ^`m Ogo {OZ dMZ {_`mV $n {V{_a H$mo ha H$a
{d{Y _mJ {dfo dV} Vgo a{d am{ H$mo ha H$a AmH$me {dfo MT>m&&110&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Zo{_nwamUgJho h[adeo lr{OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm _UrH$UdUZmo Zm_
{Mdm[ae gJ&&42&&
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_Ur A{V MVwa gmo _Z _| OmZo g`^m_m hr h[a Ho$ _Z ^mdVr h Aa _hm gwXa h gmo {H$gr
^m{V _wP na A{YH$ H$nm aho Vmo ^br& gmo g`^m_m go Bfm amIo a{V H$sS>m {dfo n{V H$mo A{V
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Aa dh nrVm~a Ho$ nbo ~Ym hAm CJmb gmo ghO hr gwJY Aa _Ur Ho$ _wI H$s gwJY
{Vggo A{V gwJY {Vg na ^dam| Ho$ g_yh JwO
ma H$aVo Wo gmo g`^m_m OmZr `h H$moB AX^Vw
gwJpYV dVw h gmo nrVm~a Ho$ nbo go Imob dh _hm gwJY gwXa {Vgo nrg H$a AJ Ho$
bJmdVr ^B& V~ _mYd _wbHo$ Aa dh BfmH$a H$mon H$aVr ^B Aa H$hr _Ur Vmo _oar ~hZ h
Vw_ `m| hgmo hmo&&6&&
h[a H$s MoQ>m H$a g`^m_m gmH$ H$m gm^m` A{V OmZ H$a CgHo$ $n bmd` XoIZo H$mo
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ldm H$a h{fV ^ò A~ Zo ^r h{fV H$amo&&8&& V~ H$U H$hr ^br ~mV Vw_H$mo {_bmd|Jo `h
H$hH$a Amn _{U dm{nH$m Ho$ VQ> g`^m_m H$mo bo Jò Aa H$hr Vw_ `hm {VR>mo _ _Ur H$mo
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h gmo Amn Vmo djm| Ho$ Amgao hmo` aho Aa _Ur ~Z Ho$ _` hmo` JB gmo g`^m_m _Ur H$mo
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h AJ {OgH$m Ogo AX^Vw bVm \$b Ho$ ^ma H$a Z_r^yV hmo` h Vgr emoô h&&21&& Eogr _Ur
H$mo XoIH$a g`^m_m OmZr `h H$moB dZXodr h&
V~ nwnmObr MT>m` _Ur Ho$ nmdmo na AnZm gm^m` Aa gmH$ H$m X^m` `mMVr ^B Bfm
$n e` H$a nr{S>V h {Mm {OgH$m, g`^m_m OmZo `h dZXodr h Cg g_` h[a Am` H$a
g`^m_m go hgVo ^ò Omo Vw_H$mo Vwhmar ~hZ H$m Anyd XeZ ^`m naVw ^br ^m{V ^`m gwZH$a
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g`^m_m `h ah` OmZ H$U go H$mon H$a H$hVr ^B h_ Vmo Amng _| {_b hr ahr h Vw_ H$hm
{_bmdmoJo V~ _Ur H$U Ho$ dMZ gwZ H$a g`^m_m H$mo OmZH$a {dZ`nydH $ Z_H$ma H$aVr
^B Oo ~S>o Hw$b Ho$ CnOo h {VZ_| {dZ` bjU ghO hr hmo` h&&17&& dj Aa bVmAm| Ho$ _S>n
H$a _{S>V dh dZ Cg {dfo XmoZm| am{Z`mo g{hV {MaH$mb {dhma H$a H$U AnZo _hb nYmao&&18&&
do H$U _hm eyadra gwI Ho$ gmJa _| _Z {VZHo$ EH$ {XZ H$s `mB ~hV {XZ `VrV hmoVo
^ò&&19&&
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n _| `h g_mMma {bIo {H$ Vwhmar _Ur Aa g`^m_m XmoZm| am{Z`m| Ho$ J^ h gmo {OgHo$ nhbo
nw hmodJo m gmo _oar nwr H$m da& `h XV Ho$ dMZ gwZ h[a Zo CgH$m ~hV g_mZ H$a {dXm {H$`m
gmo Om` H$a AnZo n{V Ho$ H$m` H$s {g{ H$hVm ^`m&&22&& Aa `h dmVm g`^m_m gwZ H$a
_Ur Ho$ {ZH$Q> AnZr Xmgr nR>dmB gmo Z_H$ma H$a H$hVr ^B&&23&& ho Xodr! h_mar dm{_Zr
Zo h_mao _wI {H$VZoH$ g_mMma H$hmò h gmo Vw_ H$aU\y$bm| H$s `mB H$mZm| _| Ymamo, Vw_ _hm
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g`^m_m `h H$hr h Omo h_ Vw_ XmoZm| _| {OgHo$ nw hmo` gmo X`m}YZ H$s nwr naUoJm gmo
Vwhmao Omo nhbo nw hmo` Vmo dh daoJm& Aa Omo _oao hmo` Vmo dh daoJm gmo Vwhmao nw naUo Vmo _oao
{ga Ho$ Ho$e _wS>m` {VZ na nmd Ya naUZo Om` Aa _oam naUo Vmo {Vhmao Ho$em| na nmd Ya naUZo
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h_ Vw_go H$ho gmo A~ Vw_ H$hmo gmo CZgo H$ho V~ _Ur _mU H$ar dh nrN>o Om` g`^m_m go
H$hVr ^B&&28&& EH$ {XZ _Ur am{ {dfo goO na e`Z H$aVr Wr gmo dZ {dfo hg {d_mZ
na MT>o AmnH$mo A~a {dfo {dhma H$aVr XoIr&&29&& V~ OmJr A{V g ^B ^mV n{V Ho$ VmB
dZ Ho$ \$b nyN>o V~ n{V Zo H$hr Voao nw _hm nwf AmH$meJm_r hmo`Jm&&30&& `h n{V Ho$ dMZ
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hmo` Vgo hr \w$pbV ^B&&31&&
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gVm _Ur Ho$ J^ _| Am`m&&32&& Aa Cg hr {XZ g`^m_m H$mo ew^ dZ Amò Aa J^
ahm&&33& O~ BZ XmoZm| Ho$ J^ ~T>o gmo `m| `m| J^ ~T>o `m| `m| _mVm {nVm H$mo na_ gwI
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g`^m_m Ho$ nw ^`m&&35&& gmo XmoZA
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hò gmo g`^m_m Ho$ Jd H$a {gamhZo H$s Amoa IS>o aho - OmZr nhbo pQ> h_ na AmdoJr& BVZo
hr _| h[a OmJo gmo nhbo _Ur dmbm| na pQ> nS>r Aa CZhr ~YmB Xr& Aa nrN>o g`^m_m Ho$
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Ho$ Am^yfU {Xò ~S>m hf ^`m&&38&& Aa Cgr g_` EH$ Yy_Ho$Vw Zm_m Agwa _hm ~bdmZ Yy_Ho$Vw
H${hò ApZ {Vg g_mZ d{bV gmo CgH$m {d_mZ _Ur Ho$ _pXa na AQ>H$m gmo Hw$Ad{Y H$a
CgZo _Ur H$m nw AnZm ew OmZm gmo H$moY H$a AU ^ò h Zo {OgHo$ {d_mZ go ZrMm Am`
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nyd da$n ApZ {OgHo$&&41&&
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H$a _Ur H$mo _hm {Zm Am` JB& ~mbH$ H$mo AnZr ~mh H$a CR>m`m, ~mbH$ nw` Ho$ ^ma H$a
ndV g_mZ h& naVw Agwa _{bZ ~w{ boH$a AmH$me _| Mbm&&43&& gmo D$na bo Om` {dMmar
{H$ `h _oam ew r H$m haZhmam h Bgo hmWmo| H$a _gb S>m$ `m ZIZ H$a {dXma AmH$me {dfo
n{j`m| H$mo Iwdm` X& &44&& AWdm _Ja _N>m| Ho$ g_yh H$a âm Omo g_w {Vg {dfo S>mb X& &45&&
AWdm `h VH$mb H$m Om`m _mg H$m qnS> h BgHo$ _maZo H$a H$hm? {dZ ajm Amn hr _a OmòJm
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AQ>dr XoIr Vhm ~S>r ^mar {ebm Ho$ Vbo ~mbH$ H$mo XmdH$a dh Yy_Ho$Vw Zm_m Agwa A` hmo
J`m&&48&&
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{dMma J^ra&&54&&
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OmZo Zht gmo CZ AmJo BgH$s {JZVr H$hm, `h _mam _mam {\$ao Aa ha H$moB BgHo$ {ga _| Xo bo V~
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_wPgo XoIm Z Om` Bg{bò _ AnwdVr hr ahJ r& Bg boe go AnwnZm hr ^bm h&&56&& Bg
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Z` H$aVo ^ò&&60&& wZ Zm_ dU H$m h gmo `h Hw$_ma dU H$s H$m{V H$mo OrVo {Vggo BgH$m
Zm_ wZ R>ham`m& `h Hw$_ma gH$S>mo Hw$_mam| H$a go{dV amOm H$mbg~a Ho$ Ka d{ H$mo m
hmo`&&61&&
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gmo gJao _{Xa _| Ty>T >m Aa Z nm`m V~ _mVm {dbmn H$aVr ^B - hm` nw! VwPo {H$g dar Zo ham&
nydm}nm{OV nw` Zo _wPo {Z{Y {XIm` Aa nmN>r bB _ na^d {dfo {H$gr r H$m nw ham {VgH$m
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Eogr d{Z ^B Omo g~m| Ho$ H$mZ nS>r&&65&&
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_mYd Cnm` H$aVo ^ò&&73&&
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Cgr g_` ZmaX Amò _Ur Ho$ nw H$s dmVm gwZ jU EH$ emoH$ H$a ZrMo hmo aho&&74&& Aa
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Aa Vmo gmaIr _mVm Ho$ CXa hrZnwZr Z Amdo h& ho ~oQ>r! Bg ggma {dfo Ordm| H$m g`moJ Aa
{d`moJ `h gwI XI Ho$ Xm`H$ hmo` h Aa Voao XI H$a _wPH$mo XI CnOm h& `h `mXdm| H$m ~S>m
Hw$b h Bg Hw$b {dfo kmZdmZ {deof h Aa H$_m] H$m M[a OmZo h& BZHo$ Hw$b {dfo XIXm`r Z
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Agma h Bg{bò emoH$ Ho$ de Z hmo Voao gwV H$s dmVm _ erK hr bmD$ h& Bg ^m{V ZmaX _Ur
Ho$ Y_ Ho$ {nVm AnZo dMZ $n A_VH$a Bgo gVmof CnOm`m AmH$me Ho$ _mJ J_Z {H$`m& nyd
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`mo` ^JdmZ gr_Ya VrWH$a {VZH$mo ZmaX hmW OmoS > grg Zdm` Z_H$ma H$a _Zw`mo H$s g^m _|
Om` ~R>m ^JdmZ Ho$ Vmo H$a n{d h _wI {OgH$m&&91&&
Vhm g_mogaU {dfo nX_aWZm_m MH$dVu nmM gm YZwf D$Mm h eara {OgH$m gmo Xe YZwf
Ho$ D$Mo ZmaX H$mo Za g^m _| {ZaIH$a&&92&& AmM` H$mo m ^`m Aa AnZo hmW go Bgo CR>m`
^JdmZ go nyN>r - ho ZmW! `h _Zw` Ho$ AmH$ma H$mZ Om{V H$m H$sQ> h&&93&& V~ ^JdmZ Zo H$hm
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H$Wm H$hVo ^ò&&95&& H$U H$m nw wZ {Vgo nyd ^d H$m ew haHo$ bo J`m gmo gmobh df
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Aa {ga H$m N>Xo H$hm h gmo `mo` OmZmo Ogm H$amo V~ Mm^m amOm Zo H$mo H$hr - ho ^w! Eogm
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haU XJ{ V H$m H$maU h& amOm H$mo damJ CnOm Aa `h ^r damJ $n ^B amOm H$mo {daV OmZ
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g~moYm V~ amOm _Yw {V~moY hmo` _moh $n _Xam Omo H$m_ gmo VOm&&87&&
Aa A{V AmXa go amOm Cgo H$hVm ^`m - ho g`^m{fUr! VZo ^br H$hr&&88&& Eogo H$_
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nmnr Bg ^d {dfo ^r XIr hmo` Anè bh na^d ZaH$ Ho$ {dfo nS>o h&&89&& Omo _oao gm[aIo amOm
^r Eogo {ZXH$_ H$ao Vmo Om H$mo H$mZ {Zdmao&&90&& {ZO r {dfo ^r Omo A{YH$ amJ H$ao Vmo dh
^r H$_ ~Y H$m H$maU h qZ h Vmo nar godZ H$s `m ~mV! nar godZ g_mZ Aa nmn
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Zht&&91&& `h _Z $n _mVm hmWr kmZ $n AH$w e H$a amoH$m ^r C~Q> _maJ {dfo bo Om`&&92&&
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_mVo _mVJ H$mo `Z H$a ~g Z H$ao V~ bJ MT>Zo ~mbo H$mo ^` hr h, Hw$eb Zht&&95&& Omo `h
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H$s em{V Ho$ AW _w{ZdV YmaZo H$mo C_r ^`m&&99&& Cgr g_` EH$ {d_bdmhZ Zm_m _w{Z
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~S>o ~S>o de Ho$ CnOo hOmam| amOm _Yw Ho$ bma _hmdV YmaVo ^ò Aa Mm^m Am{X AZoH$ amZr
Am`m ^B&&3&&
Aa amOm _Yw H$m _mYd Zm_m nw am` H$ao gmo Hw$b H$s d{ H$m H$aZo dmbm {XZ {XZ ~T>Vm
Omo nwfmW Aa {dO` {VZH$a `wV ~hV {XZ am` H$aVm ^`m& Aa XmoD$ ^mB _Yw H$Q>^ nM
_hmdV Aa nM g{_{V VrZ Jw{ H$a _pS>V gH$b n[aJh a{hV {Znh {ZJW Z Ho$ Jw _hm Vn
H$aVo ^ò& ~mha Ho$ Aa ^rVa Ho$ g~ n[aJh VOo EH$ eara _m hr h n[aJh {OZHo$& {H$gr H$m
__d Zmht fR> H${hò ~obm AQ>_ H${hò Vobm nj H${hò nh Cndmg _mgmondmg Aa fU
_mg n`V `h Yra Cndmg hr H$aVo ^ò& OoVo {gmV {df Vn Ho$ {dYmZ H$ho h Aa Cndmg H$s
{d{Y H$hr h gmo H$_{ZOam Ho$ AW g~ H$ao&&7&&
Aa Jr_G$Vw {dfo D$Mo {J[a Ho$ {eIa AmVmnZ `moJ Ya {VQ>o gmo ngod H$s ~yX BZHo$ naVr
^B gmo _mZm| H$_ hr Pao h&&8&& Aa dfm G$Vw {dfo do Yra ^JdVr Ord X`m Ho$ {VnmbH$ dj
Ho$ _yb XmoZm| _w{Z {VQ>o Y` $n ~IVa H$mo nhao ~mUZ H$s Ymam g_mZ Omo _oh H$s Ymam Vm{h Y`
go ghVo ^ò&&9&& Aa erVH$mb H$s amr {dfo do XmoZm| ~w{_mZ ZXr gamoda Ho$ Vra {VR>o Xoh H$s
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H$m{V $n H$_b H$mo H$boe CnOmdZhmar Omo {h_ G$Vw H$s erV ndZ {OgH$mo XmoD$ _w{Z H$m`mogJ
Yao ghVo ^ò&&10&& Aa BZHo$ {ZaVa ~mah ^mdZm Mm[a Y_ H$s ew H$aZo dmbr {Og H$a
BZH$m X` n{d hmoVm ^`m& Aa ~mBg n[afh Ho$ OrVZo H$a `moJrda gda H$mo H$aVo ^ò&&11&&
do XmoZm| `mZ Aa A``Z {dfo gmdYmZ d`md` H$s {H$`m {dfo C_r aZ` H$s ewVm H$a Aa
_w{Z`m| H$mo Q>mV $n hmoVo ^ò - Omo H$moB _w{ZdV Ymao gmo Eogo Vn H$ao&&12&& `h _Yw H$Q>^
VnmoYZ _hm _wZrda hOmam| df Vn H$a AV g_` g_oX {eIa Am` H$a m`moJZm_m g`mg
YmaU {H$`m& H$go h XmoZm| `Vrda, _m`m {_`m {ZXmZ `h VrZ e` {VZgo d{OV h gmo EH$
_hrZo H$m g`mg YmaU H$a eara VO gmobhd| dJ _Yw Vmo B ^`m& Aa H$Q>^ gm_m`H$ Om{V
H$m Xod ^`m hOmam| Xod Xo{d`m| H$m Zm`H$ ^`m&&15&&
~mBg gmJa XmoD$Z H$m Am`w ^`m XmoZm| g`H$ pQ> dJ {dfo gwI ^moJVo ^ò&&16&& {OZ_|
_Yw H$m Ord nhbo M`m gmo _Ur H$s Hw${j$n aZm| H$s ImZ {dfo âVjo H$m H$U Zm_m Zd_m
ZmamÙ {OgHo$ wZ Zm_m nw ^`m Aa Xgam ^mB H$Q>^ gmo ^r XodbmoH$ go M`H$a Bgr H$m ^mB
Xgar Om~dVr Zm_m _mVm Ho$ J^ {dfo nw hmo`Jm& Aa BgH$m Zm_ e~Hy $w _ma hmo`Jm& gmo $n H$a
namH$_ H$a H$U g_mZ hmo`Jm&&18&&
ò XmoZm| ^mB O_mVa H$s r{V H$a nana {hV {dfo C_r _hmYra Ma_ earar wZ Aa
e~Hw $w _ma _hm gwXa `mhr ^d go {g bmoH$ {gYma|J&o Aa dh amOm dragoZ ~Q>naw H$m dm_r
Mm^m H$m YZr r Ho$ {dah Ho$ gVmn go AmV`mZ {dfo _JZ hmo` _ydm gmo ggma dZ {dfo
{MaH$mb ^_U H$a _Zw` ^`m gmo AkmZ Vn H$a Yy_Ho$Vw H${hò ApZ Ho$ g_mZ d{bV gmo
Yy_Ho$Vw Zm_m Agwa ^`m&&21&& gmo nyd ^d H$s r H$m haU {d^Jm Ad{Y V| OmZH$a
damZw~Y Vo ~mbH$ H$mo _mVm Vo OwXm H$aVm ^`m& {YH$ma `m da H$mo `h da nmn ~T>mdZhmam
h&&22&& Aa wZ Ho$ nyd ^d Ho$ nw` Zo Cg H$Q> go ~Mm`m gmo H$Q> {dfo ajm H$ao `h gm_`
nw` hr H$s h&&23&&
gr_Ya {OZo Zo `h H$Wm H$hr gmo nX_aW MH$dVu gwZ H$a _moX $n ^`m Um_ H$aVm
^`m&&24&& Aa ZmaX ^r `h H$Wm gwZ {OZoda H$mo Um_ H$a h{fV hmo` Mbm gmo AmH$me Ho$
_mJ hmo` VH$mb _oKHy$Q> Zm_m ZJa J`m&&25&& H$mb gda Zo ZmaX H$m ~hV {dZ` {H$`m Aa
ZmaX ^r nw bm^ Ho$ Cgd H$a Cgo AmZX CnOm` H$a H$ZH$_mbm amZr Ho$ _{Xa J`m& CgZo
~hV {dZ` H$s dh nwdVr gmo ~ma~ma dmH$s egm H$ao nw H$mo ZmaX Zo XoIm OmH$s gH$S>m| Hw$_ma
godm H$ao h gmo wZ Hw$_ma H$mo XoIH$a _moX Ho$ `moJ go ZmaX Ho$ amo_mM hmo Amò naVw {H$gr H$mo
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ôX Z OVm`m&&27&& amOm amZr Hw$ da g~Zo Um_ {H$`m gmo BZ Amere XoH$a AmH$me Ho$ _mJ
{d_mZ _| ~R>o erK hr maH$m Amò& wZ H$s H$Wm nyd^ d g~Yr {OZo _wI gwZr Wr gmo
`mXdZ go H$hr Aa Amn _oKHy$Q> Zm_m ZJa {dfo `m wZ H$mo XoI Amò gmo g~ dmVm `mXdZ
go H$h H$a g~H$mo hf CnOm`m&&29&&
{\$a ZmaX \w$pbV h _wI H$_b {OZH$m gmo _Ur H$mo XoIH$a gr_Ya {OZoda H$s ^mfr
gH$b H$Wm H$hH$a {\$a H$hVo ^ò - ho _Ur! Voam nw _oKHy$Q>naw {dfo H$mbgda amOm Ho$ Ka
_| AZoH$ amOHw$_maZ g{hV H$sS>m H$aVm XoIm gmo _mZmo gmjmV XodHw$_ma hr h Eogm $ndmZ Aa
Zht&&31&& gmo Voam nw gmobhd| df gmobh bm^ g`w V kr {dm H$mo Yma H$a AmZX $n
AmdoJm& {Og {XZ dh AmdoJm Cg {XZ Voao _Xa H$o CndZ {dfo {~Zm g_` _`ya Yw{Z H$a|J&o &33&&
Aa Voao CndZ {dfo EH$ _{U dm{nH$m gyIr h gmo nw H$m AmJ_Z hmoJm Vmhr g_` dh dm{nH$m
Ob go nyU hmo`Jr Aa H$_b \y$b Om`Jo &o &34&&
Aa Voam emoH$ Xa H$aZo Ho$ AW {~Zm hr g_` AemoH$ dj \w$pbV hmo`Jm Aa _yH$ H${hò
JyJ m Vo dMZmbmn H$aZo bJoJ| o Aa Hw$O H${hò Hw$~S>m Hw$OnZVo a{hV hm|`Jo& `h H$maU hm|` V~
Vy AnZo nw H$m AmJ_Z Om{Z`mo& Aa ho nwr! Vy gr_Ya dm_r Ho$ dMZ A`Wm _V Om{Z`mo&&37&&
`h ZmaX Ho$ _wI H$o {hV $n dMZ gwZH$a lm H$ar Aa Z_H$ma H$a ZmaX go H$hVr ^B nw H$s
dmVm gwZ Pao h XY {OgHo$ VZ {dfo&&38& _Ur H$ho h - ho ^JdZ! `h H$m` Vw_-go ~mYd
hr go ~Zo Aa go Z dZo h gmYyZ H$s godm {dfo C_r {OZY_u {Vhmao {OZY_u _m go na_ Zoh
h Aa _ Vmo ~mbH$s hr h& _ nw Ho$ emoH$ $n ApZ H$a XY Wr Aa _oao H$moB A~b~ Zht Wm
gmo ho Yra! Vw_ hVmdb~ XoH$a _mo{h Wm_r&&40&&
Omo gr_Ya gdk Zoo ^m`m h gmo g` h& _mo{h OrdVo nw H$m XeZ Ad` hmo`Jm _ {OZoda
Ho$ dm` H$a OrD$ h, Aa T> h _Z _oam Aa Amn BN>m hmo` Ohm OmBò Aa erK hr {\$a {Vhmao
XeZ h{ O`mo&&42&& Bg ^m{V ZmaX go _Ur {_Q> dMZ H$h Um_ {H$`m V~ ZmaX ^r Bgo
Amgrg XoH$a Jò Aa _Ur h[a H$s BN>m nyaVr gVr gwI go {VQ>r&&43&& `h wZ Aa
g~Hy $w _ma nydy ^d H$m M[a& _Zw`, ~h[a Xod ~h[a _Zw`, ~h[a Xod, ~h[a _Zw`, ~h[a Xod,
wZ g~Hy $w _ma Ho$ ^d go _wV hmo`J &o `h M[a Omo nT>o gwZo Aa gaXho gmo {OZemgZ {dfo
^pVdV Wmoao hr ^d _| {ZdmU nX nmdo&
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{Mdm[ae gJ&&43&&
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Mdmbrgdm gJ
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VmH$s ^mZw H${hò Xr{ Vm g_mZ h CmoV OmH$m Eogm ^mZwH$w _ma Zm_m nw VmHo$ ~{T>do H$a
g`^m_m H$m _Z $n CX`mMb H$me H$mo m hmoVm ^`m&&2&& EH$ {XZ ZmaX H$U n Amò V~
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V~ ZmaX ~mobo - ho h[a! {dO`m ndV H$s X{jU loUr Ohm O~ny aw Zm_m ZJa VmH$m amOm
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CgHo$ OmddVr Zm_m ~hZ gmjmV b_r g_mZ gmo AnZr gIrZ g{hV JJm ZmZ H$mo AmB gmo
Eogr gmohVr Wr _mZmo VmamZ H$a `wV MH$m{V hr gmoho h& gmo _Zo JJm _| doe H$aVr XoIr D$Mo
h, Aa Jmob h H${R>Z Hw$M OmHo$ Voao _Z h[ado H$mo g_W _mZmo amOm Om~dy $n {h_mMbVo CnOr
gmjmV JJm hr JJm ma {dfo doe H$aVr XoIr& `h ZmaX Ho$ dMZ Zoh $n gwZdo H$[a H$U Ho$
H$m_ CXr ^`m& Ogo KV go gtMdo H$a ApZ d{bV hmo` Vmhr g_` ~S>m ^mB AZmdpQ>
Vm g{hV _mohZ Vhm Jò gmo OmddVr H$mo JJm {dfo ZmZ H$sS>m H$aVr XoIr Aa H$`m Zo
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~oYo Jò&&10&&
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^r Zo bJ Jò& H$gr h dh, {VaH$ma H$ar h b_r H$s emo^m OmZo Aa A`V h bOm
Om_|&&11&& O~ H$mh Zo OmddVr CR>mB V~ ~mHo$ bma hOmam| gIr Wt gmo {dbmn H$aVr ^B gmo
amOm gwZH$a OmddVr H$m {nVm A{V H$moY $n ^`m& nwr Ho$ h[ado H$a {dmYa IS>J hmW _o {bò
erK hr H$U na Am`m VrU e h OmHo$ H$a {dfo&&13&&
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{b`m Aa dmgwXdo H$mo Am` gmnm& V~ dh AnZo nw {ddH$goZ H$mo dmgwXdo Hy$ gmn Amn _w{Z ^`m
Aa {ddH$goZ Zo AnZr ~hZ OmddVr dmgwXdo H$mo naZmB Cgo naU {ddH$goZ H$mo gmW bo`
mamdVrZmW maH$m Amò&&16&& _Ur Ho$ _hb Ho$ {ZH$Q> OmddVr H$mo _mYd Zo _hb {X`m&&17&&
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Aa OmddVr Ho$ ^mB H$m ~hV g_mZ H$a dmgwXdo Zo {dXm {H$`m gmo AnZo WmZ H$mo J`m Aa
n{Wdr {dfo Xb^ Omo ^moJ {VZ H$a Ho$ed OmddVr H$mo a_mdVm ^`m&&18&& _Ur H$m Aa
OmddVr H$m {ZH$Q> _hb gmo nana {_bmn hdm hr H$ao, AmZo OmZo go _Ur Aa OmddVr Ho$
AI{S>V r{V hmo JB&&19&&
{\$a EH$ qghbrn H$m bjUamo_ Zm_m amOm {OgHo$ b_Um Zm_m H$`m gmo _hm bjUdVr
gmo amOm _mYd go {d_wI VmHo$ {ZH$Q> _mYd Zo XV nR>m`m gmo Om`H$a Cgo H$hVm ^`m& {Vhmar
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b_Um g_w ZmZ H$mo AmB Wr gmo {demb h Zo OmHo$&&22&& gmo ~mH$s bma amOm H$m goZmn{V
_goZ Wm Cgo `w {dfo h{VH$a _wamar b_Um H$mo ha bmò Aa {d{Y go naZr& Aa H$go h H$U,
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b_Um H$m ^mB _hm godH$ h[a n Am`m Aa Z_r^yV ^`m& gmo h[a CgH$m A{V g_mZ H$a
qghbrn nR>m`m gmo H$U H$s H$nmVo gwI go am` H$aVm ^`m&&25&&
{\$a EH$ amQ>d Z Zm_m Xog Vm {dfo AOmgwar Zm_m nwar VmH$m gwamQ> Zm_m amOm {OgHo$
{dZ`m Zm_m amZr {OgHo$ Zo{_V Zm_ nw _hm namH$_r Aa _hm ~w{_mZ {OgHo$ gwgr_m Zm_m ~hZ
_mZmo dh gwgr_m dgwYm H$s gr_m H${hò hXX hr h& dgwYm _| Eogr H$moB Aa d{ZVm Zht gmo amOm
gwamQ> Zo Zo{_V H$mo `wdamO nX {X`m gmo Zo{_V n{Wdr {dfo {g _hm nwfmW H$m YmaH$ _hm _mZr
gmo ~S>o ~S>o amOmAm| H$mo Z {JZo&&28&& gmo Zo{_V Hw$_ma Aa gwgr_m `h XmoZm| ~hZ ^mB g_w ZmZ
H$mo Amò Wo gmo ZmaX Zo ZmamÙ go H$hr Omo gwgr_m $n JwU H$s ImZ h& V~ Amn _mYd dhm Jò
^mg Zm_m VrW Ho$ Vra AnZr goZm amI dhm Jò gmo Zo{_V H$mo `w {dfo OrV H$`m H$mo mamdVr
bo Amò&&30&& b_Um Ho$ _{Xa Ho$ g_rn _{U gwdU_` _{Xa gwgr_m H$mo {X`m Aa Xodm| H$s ZmB
dmgwXdo gwgr_m g{hV a_Vm ^`m Aa gwgr_m H$m {nVm amQ>d Z nwr Ho$ AW ~hV XmÒm ôOVm
^`m Aa aW hmWr KmoS >o nmbH$s Am{X ^br ^br ôQ > h[a n nR>mB&&31&&
AWmZVa - qgYw Xoe H$m amOm _o BjmHw$Hw$b H$m drV^d Zm_m ZJa Vhm amO H$ao {OgH$s
amZr MdVr CgHo$ CXa {dfo Jmar Zm_m nwr ^B gmo _mZmo gmjmV Jmar H${hò nmdVr hr h Aa
_y{VdVr {dm hr h Aa _mZmo B{V ^r{V a{hV n{Wdr hr h&&33&& V~ _mYd Zo amOm _o Ho$
{ZH$Q> XV ôOm gmo dmZo n{hbo hr {Z{_m kmZr H$mo nyN>m Wm {H$ Bg nwr H$m da H$mZ hmo`Jm V~
dmZo H$hr H$U Zm_m ZmamÙ hmo`Jm& H$U H$m XV J`m Cgr g_` nwr dmZo nR>mB _J g_mZ h
Zo {OgHo$&&34&&
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_Z H$s haZhmar Omo Jmar CgH$mo _Z_mohZ naUH$a gwgr_m Ho$ _{Xa Ho$ g_rn Bgo D$Mm _{Xa
{X`m&&35&& {\$a A[aQ>naw H$m amOm {ha`Zm{^ gmo ~b^ H$m _m_m CgHo$ lrH$mVm Zm_H$ amZr
Aa nwr nX_mdVr gmo gmjmV b_r hr h CgH$m d`~a _S>n gwZH$a ~b^ ZmamÙ Jò Aa
~S>m ^mB AZmdpQ> BZHo$ gmW gmo {ha`Zm^ Zo r{V H$a BZH$m ~hV g_mZ {H$`m Aa Bg
{ha`Zm^ H$m {nVm amOm g gmo dam` ^`m V~ {ha`Zm^ H$m aodV Zm_m ~S>m ^mB gmo ^r {nVm
Ho$ gmW _w{Z ^`m Wm&&39&&
CgH$s nwr Mma - aodVr 1 ~YwdVr 2 grVm 3 amOrdZom 4 gmo Mmam| nhbo hr ~b^ H$mo
XrZr Wr gmo CZH$m d`~a H$mho H$mo hmo`& CZH$s Vmo gJmB n{hbo hr ~b^ go hmo JB Aa
nX_mdVr H$m d`~a Wm gmo AZoH$ amOm Amò Wo {OZH$mo `w {dfo OrV H$a H$m nX_mdVr
naUm& `h XmoZm| ^mB naUH$a maH$m Amò&&42&& Ogo B ò XodZ g{hV Bnwar _| Amdo Vgo
`h XmoZm| ^mB AZoH$ ^mBZ g{hV mamdVr _| Amò& nX_mdVr H$mo naU H$a Jmar Ho$ Jh Ho$ g_rn
h[a Zo BgH$mo _{Xa {X`m&&43&&
AWmZVa - JYma Zm_m Xoe Cg {dfo nwH$bmdVr Zm_m ZJar Vhm amOm B{Ja CgHo$
_o_Vr Zm_m amZr Aa nw {h_{Ja gmo {h_mMb gmaIm pWa Aa nwr JmYmar gmo _hm _Zmoha
JYdm{X H$bm H$s domm&&45&& gmo JmYmar H$s BgHo$ ^mB {h_{Ja Zo h`nwa Ho$ amOm gw_I
w go gJmB
H$ar Wr gmo ZmaX Zo Am` `h dmVm dmgwXdo go H$hr gmo h[a dhm Om` H$a {h_{Ja H$mo aU^y{_ {dfo
OrV H$a JmYmar H$mo bo Amò& AmZX go {ddmh {H$`m&&47&& Aa nX_mdVr Ho$ _{Xa Ho$ g_rn
_mYd Zo JmYmar H$mo _hb {X`m Aa XodZ H$go ^moJ ^moJ H$a Bgo a_mdVo ^ò&&48&&
`h H$U H$s AmR> nQ>amZr Aa gmobh hOma amZr {VZ H$a godZrH$ {VZ g{hV _Z_mohZ gwI
go am` H$a|&&49&& nw` $n dj H$a CnOo ZmamÙ nX Ho$ ^moJ $n \$b {VZH$mo ^moJdVm bmoH$Z
Ho$ g_yh H$mo AmZX XoVm ^`m& H$U Ho$ am` _o| H$moB nwf XIr Zht g~ hr AmZX H$ao h& dh
_wH$w X {OZY_ H$m Ymar Oo ew g_wI Amò Aa bS>o {VZH$mo jU _m _| VU H$s ZmB Cnma S>mao
Aa _hmloR> XodmJZm gmaIr dYy daVm ^`m Aa {~Zm hr `Z OmHo$ ~hV aZ Am` m ^ò&
Bg{bò Omo ^ÒZ {OZY_ H$m godZ H$ao gmo _Z_mohZ H$s ZmB _Zdm{N>V gwI nmdo&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo lr{OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm Omdd`m{X _hmXodrbm^dUZmo
Zm_ MVwMdm[ae gJ&&44&&
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nVmbrgdm gJ
AWmZVa - XemhZ H${hò g_w{dO`m{X Xe ^mB {OZHo$ ^mUOo {g nM nmS>d {OZHo$
Zm_ - `w{YpR>a, ^r_goZ, AOwZ , ZHw$b, Aa ghXod, gmo `h mamdVr ZJar Amò&&2&& `h dmVm
gwZH$a amOm lo{UH$ JmV_ JUYa go nyN>Vm ^`m - ho ^mo! ò nmS>d H$mZ h Aa H$mZ de {dfo
CnOo h&&3&& V~ JUYa H$hVo ^ò& gmo_^ lo`mg H$m de Vm {dfo Hw$ Zm_m amOm ^ò CgHo$ de
_| em{V H$w Ww AaZmW E VrZ VrWH$a ^ò&&4&& Bg de _| {OVZo amOm hwE gmo Y_, AW, H$m_,
_moj Ho$ gmYH$ hE gmo Hw$der H$s _{h_m Vy Am{X go gwZ&&5&&
Bg de {dfo ~S >o ~S>o amOm hE {OZHo$ Zm_ gwZ Hw$OmJb Xoe ^moJ^y{_ g_mZ h emo^m OmH$s
Cg {dfo hVZmnwa Vm {dfo n{Wdr Ho$ Am^yfU [af^Xod Ho$ g_ amOm gmo_^ Aa lo`mg Hw$de
Ho$ {VbH$ XmZ Y_ Ho$ Zm`H$ hmoVo ^ò&&7&& gmo amOm gmo_^ Ho$ O`Hw$_ma nw ^ò {VZH$m Zm_
_oKo da ^r H$hVo h gmo _oKo da âV Ho$ ~S>o C_amd {OZHo$ Hw$ Zm_m nw& {OgHo$ Hw$M VmHo$
ew^H $a VmHo$ Y{V H$a&
Bg ^m{V AZoH$ H$mo{Q> amOm ^ò& G$f^Xod Ho$ g_` go Zo_ZmW Ho$ g_` n`V H$moQ>m H$mo{Q>
gmJa {dfo Omo amOm ^ò {OZH$m H$WZ H$mZ H$a gHo$, {\$a `m de {dfo amOm YVXod ^ò VmHo$
YVH$a VmHo$ JJXod B`m{X AZoH$ amOm ^ò {\$a YV{_ Y{VfoU gwdV dmV _Xa lrM d{VQ>
B`m{X gH$S>m| Zn `VrV ^ò {\$a amOm Y{V nX_ YqV Y{V dr` `h {g ^ò& {\$a Y{VXpQ>
Y{V {{V Y{Vr{V B`m{X AZoH$ Hw$der ^yn{V ^ò {\$a amOm ^_aKmof h[aKmof h[adO
gy`Kmof gwVO
o nWw B^ dmhZ B`m{X n{Wdrn{V `VrV ^ò& {\$a amOm {dO` {OgHo$ OàmO
{\$a gZHw$_ma Zm_m MmWo MH$dVu Hw$de hr _| ^ò&&15&& gmo _hm $ndmZ {OZHo$ $n H$s nm{g
Ho$ IMo dJ Ho$ Xod Amò Aa XodZ Ho$ dMZ gwZ _w{Z ^ò&&16&&
{\$a gZHw$_ma H$m nw gwH$w _ma VmHo$ daHw$_ma VmHo$ {dd VmHo$ {ddmZa VmHo$ {ddHo$X VmHo$
~hdO&&17&& VmHo$ {ddgoZ VmHo$ Eoam Zm_m amZr mU go ^r A{YH$ ~b^ VmHo$ CXa ^JdmZ
em{VZmW gmobhd| VrWH$a nM_ MH$dVu hmoVo ^ò&&18&& {VZHo$ ZmamÙ Zm_m nw VmHo$ Zaha
VmHo$ em{V VmHo$ em{VdZ VmHo$ em{VM VmHo$ eemH$mH$ VmHo$ Hw$& B`m{X amOm Hw$der ^ò
B`m{X AZoH$ ^yn H$mb de ^ò {\$a amOm gy` ^`m VmHo$ amZr lr_Vr VmHo$ J^ {dfo ^JdmZ
H$WwZmW gVahd| VrWH$a N>R>o MH$d{V ^ò&&20&& {VZ nrN>o AZoH$ amOm ^ò {\$a gwXeZ Zm_m
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amOm ^ò {VZHo$ amZr {_m VmHo$ J^ {dfo ^JdmZ AaZmW AR>mahd| VrWH$a gmVd| MH$dVu
^ò&&22&&
{\$a amOm gwMm VmHo$ Mm VmHo$ Mm$n _hm ~bdmZ VmHo$ MmnX B`m{X AZoH$ amOm
`VrV ^ò&&23&& {\$a VmHo$ amOm nX__mb VmHo$ gw^ny VmHo$ nX_aW VmHo$ _hmnX_ Zd_| MH$dVu
BZHo$ {dUw Aa nX_ `h XmoZm| nw hE&&24&& {\$a amOm gwnX_ nX_Xod Hw$bH$s{V& H$s{V gwH$s{V
dgwH$s{V dr`dmZ&&25&& dmgwH$s, dmgd, dgw, gwdgw, `h Hw$der Ho$ Zm_ hmoVo ^ò& ~h[a
lrdgw, dgwYa&&26&& ~gwaW, Bdr` {M {d{Mdr` `h _hm ~bdmZ hmoVo ^ò {\$a amOm
{d{Mdr`, {MaW, _hmaW, dmVaW, dfmZV, dfdO&&28&& lrdV dV Y_mYV YmaU _hmga,
{Vga namga&&29&& gmarn, rnmBZ, gwem{V, em{V^, em{VfoU&&30&& gmo dh amOm em{VfoU
`moOZJYm Zm_ amZr H$m n{V gmo `moOZJYm amOm H$s nwr Aa H$sa Ho$nbr VmHo$ nw gVZ Aa gVZ
Ho$ emVZ VmH$m Xgam Zm_ `mg ^r H$hVo h&&31&& {VgH$m nw YV Y_ Aa {VgH$m YVmoX` VmHo$
YVè VmHo$ Y{V_mZ Aa VmHo$ YV&&32&& Aa YVamO VmHo$ amZr VrZ, A{dH$m 1 A~m{bH$m 2
A~m 3 `h VrZm| hr ~S>o amOmZ H$s ~oQ>r {VZ_| A{~H$m Ho$ YVamQ> Zm_m nw ^`m& Aa A~m{bH$m
Ho$ nmS>w Zm_ nw ^`m Aa A~m Ho$ {dXa Zm_m nw ^`m& `h VrZm| hr _hm kmZdmZ hmoVo ^ò Aa
amOm YVamO H$m ^mB _U OmHo$ amZr JJm go ~S>o amOm H$s nwr _hm n{d VmHo$ ^r_ Zm_m nw
hmoVo ^ò&&35&&
AWmZVa - YVamQ> Ho$ amZr JmYmar VmHo$ X`m}YZ Am{X gm nw ^ò {VZ_o nana A`V
r{V Aa g~ hr em {dm {dfo drU&&3&& Aa nmS>w Ho$ amZr Xmo` EH$ Hw$Vr Xgar _mr, Hw$Vr
Ho$ H$UZm_m nw Vmo nmS>w WH$s JmYd {ddmh H$a ^ò& {\$a `w{YpR>a, ^r_, AOwZ , `h VrZ nw
^ò Aa _mr Ho$ ZHw$b Aa ghXod `h XmoZm| nw ^ò& nmMm| hr ^mB nmS>w Ho$ nw _hm {OZY_u
nMna_oR>r Ho$ Xmg hmoVo ^ò&&38&& Hw$N>Ho $ {XZ _| nmS>w Vmo _w{Z ^ò Aa _mr Am`H$m ^B gmo
{OZY_ Ho$ gmX go XmoZm| dJ {dfo Jò Aa YVamQ> Ho$ gm nw Aa nmS>w Ho$ nmM nw {VZ_| amO
Ho$ AW {damoY hmoVm ^`m V~ ^r_, {dXa, moU `h ~rM nS>o Aa X`m}YZ H$m _r eHw${Z ggwamo_
`h ^r ~rM nao Aa BZHo$ amO H$m {d^mJ H$a {X`m - nmS>w Ho$ nmM {VZHy$ am` AmYm Aa YVamQ>
Ho$ nw gm {VZH$mo AmYm amO {X`m& Bg ^m{V ~Q> {H$`m naVw do gm Bg ~mV _| g Zht&&41&&
AWmZVa - Oam[gY Ho$ Aa X`m}YZ Ho$ Aa H$U Ho$ EH$mV {dfo dMZ ^`m Eogr r{V ^B
gmo {H$gr Ho$ Q>mao Z Q>a& &42&& Aa ^mJdmMm` YZw{dm Ho$ AmMm` {VZHo$ de{dfo CnOo moUmMm`
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gmo YZwf {dfo drU gmo YVamQ> Ho$ Aa nmS>dm| Ho$ nwm| H$mo YZwfdoX {gImdo gmo moU Ho$ _`W
^md gdZ H$mo g_mZ {gImdo {H$gr go AVa Zht moU H$s dmVm gwZ amOm lo{UH$ Zo JmV_ dm_r
go nyN>m - ho ^mo! ^mJdmMm` Ho$ de _|o moU CnOo gmo BZHo$ de H$s _mo{h H$Wm H$hmo& V~ JUYa
Xod H$ho h - ho lo{UH$! Vy gwZ&&44&& W_ hr Amo` ^`m VmH$m nw Aa {e` H$mW_w r VmH$m
A_amdV VmH$m {gd Aa {gV H$m dm_Xod VmH$m H${nR>b VmH$m OWm_m VmH$m gadU VmH$m
gamgU&&46&& Aa VmH$m mdU& VmH$m {dmdU, Aa {dmdU H$m nw moUmMm` g~ ^mJd de
{dfo loR>&&47&& gmo mU Ho$ ApdZr Zm_m r VmHo$ AdWm_m Zm_H$ nw hmoVm ^`m& gmo ~S>m
YZwfYmar OmHo$ g_wI aU {dfo AOwZ hr Am` gHo$&&48&&
AWmZVa - AOwZ H$m Vmn Aa YZwf {dm H$m kmZ `h gm ^mB X`m}YZm{X Z gh gHo$
gmo n{hbo ~Q> ^`m Wm Aa gpY ^B Wr Vm_| XfU {dMmaVo ^ò& gmo `h Vmo ~S>r A`mo` h_ gm
Aa do nmM, gmo AmYm dQ> H$go g^do h&&50&& `h dmVm nmS>w dm| Zo gwZr V~ `w{YpR>a Vmo _hm Yra
gmo CZH$mo Vmo H$moY Z CnOm Aa N>mQo >o ^mB Mmam| g_w g_mZ {Z_b Aa J^ra Wo naVw nwfmo| Ho$
dMZ do hr ^ò ndZ VmH$a jmo^ H$mo m ^ò&&51&& W_ hr AOwZ CR>m gmo _ dmUm| H$s Ymam
$n _oK dpQ> H$a ew $n ndVm| H$mo AmN>m{XV H$$ V~ `w{YpR>a Zo Cgo _Zo {H$`m Omo j_m
H$ah& V~ ~S>o ^mB Ho$ dMZ $n dm`w H$a AOwZ $n _oK emV hmo J`m Aa ^r_ $nr ^wOJ _ `h
H$hVm gVm CV ^`m Wm Omo _ XpQ> hr H$a gmoD$ ewZ H$mo ^_ H$$Jm gmo ~S>o ^mB Ho$ dMZ
$n _H$a emV ^`m&&53&& Aa ZHw$b ^r ew Ho$ g_yh Ho$ Zme H$aZo H$mo C_r ^`m Wm gmo
`w{YpR>a Zo ^wOmAm| H$a Wmdm Aa ghXod $n XmdmZb d{bV ^`m Wm Omo _ dZ$n darZ H$mo
erK hr ^_ H$$Jm gmo ^r `w{YpR>a _oK Zo ~wPm`m& `h Mmam| hr ^mB `w{YpR>a Ho$ mU g_mZ
h gmo `w{YpR>a H$s AmkmH$a j_m$n ^ò&&55&&
Aa do ^r BZH$mo ~b OmZ H$ Jò, emV {Mm hmo` Ka _| aho gmo YVamQ> Ho$ nw H$nQ>r {VZ
`h Ka _| gmoVo Wo gmo amr H$mo Ka _| ApZ bJmB V~ `h gMoV hmo` _mVm g{hV gwaJ Ho$ _mJ hmo`
{ZH$go gmo `h Vmo {dXoe Jò Aa X`m}YZ H$m Anè ^`m, Omo `mZo nMmoH $a ^mB _mao& hpVZmnwa
Ho$ g~ bmoJ X`m}YZ H$s {ZXm H$aVo ^ò Omo `h nmnr h Aa g~ Hw$b Ho$ bmoH$ nmSdm| H$mo _ao OmZ
BZH$s {H$`m H$aVo ^ò&&59&& Aa `h nmMm| ^mB _hm ~w{_mZ JJm nma CVa H$a ôf nbQ> nya~
H$s {Xg Jò&&60&&
gmo _mVm Hw$Vr bma VmV `h ^r CgH$s Mmb na_mU Yrao Yrao Om aho Wo gmo Mbo Mbo H$mo{gH$m
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Zm_m nwar Jò Ohm amOm dU&&61&& VmHo$ amZr ^mdVr Aa nwr gwXeZm nwn g_mZ H$mo_b h AJ
{OgH$m gmo n{hbo `w{YR>a H$s egm BgZo gwZr Wr gmo `mHo$ `w{YR>a na AZwamJ Wm gmo `w{YR>a
na Ho$ XeZ $n M_m H$a dh gwXeZm Zm_m H$`m H$_moXZr g_mZ {dH$me H$mo m ^B& Bg O_
{dfo _oao `hr âVma hmodo dh amOm dU H$s nwr amOm `w{YR>a Ho$ `mar r hmoZhma h&&64&& gmo
CgH$m A{^m` OmZ `w{YR>a Ho$ ^r o_ CnOm gmo dm{h gZ hr H$a H$aJhU H$s Amem ~Ym`
Amn AmJo Jò&&65&& CgZo OmZr BZHo$ dMZ {_`m Zht `h _mo{h ~a|J&o `h VrV Ya amOm Ho$
gJ_ H$s Amem H$a H$`m gIrZ _| C{MV Omo {dZmoX VmH$a H$mb `VrV H$ao&&66&& Aa do nmMm|
^mB d^md hr H$a gwXamH$ma {d H$m ôf Ymao AmJo Jò nmMm| hr ^mB _Zw`m| H$m _Z
haUhmao&&67&& BZH$m AmgZ e`Z Aa _hm _Zmoha ^moOZ gwI go hmo` `h nw`m{YH$mar gmo BZH$mo
AqMVr dVw Am` m hmo`&&68&& {\$a `h Vmng H$m ôf Ya bo_mVH$ Zm_H$ dZ {dfo Jò,
Vhm Vmn{g`m| H$m Aml_ _hm a_UrH$ Vm {dfo `h Vmn{g`m| H$a ny{OV {dlm_ H$aVo ^ò, `hm
EH$ Aa H$Wm h& ~gwYanwa H$m amOm qd`goZ CgH$s Z_Xm Zm_m amZr CgH$s nwr ~gVgwXar gmo
CgHo$ _mVm {nVm Zo `w{YR>a H$mo XoZr {dMmam&
{\$a CZHo$ XY ^ò H$s dmVm gwZH$a dh H$`m AnZo nydmno m{OV H$_ H$mo qZXVr gVr Vmngy
Ho$ Aml_ {dfo Vn H$aZo H$m C_ H$ao Wr Omo {H$ O_mVa {dfo ^r _oam n{V `w{YR>a hr
hmo`&&72&& gmo dh H$`m Vmn{g`m| Ho$ Aml_ {dfo A{V CH$Q> $n bmd`Vm H$s YaUhmar
nmQ>d a H$s gmar AmoT >o {ea na OQ>m Yao ~Q>dj
H$s gmIm g_mZ erVb gmohVr ^B&&73&& H$U n`V
h {demb Aa VrU Zo {OgHo$ Aa qH$Xar g_mZ AmaV h AYa {OgHo$ Aa M_m g_mZ h
_wI {OgH$m& Aa Eogr ZmOwH$ Omo {ZV~ Aa VZ H$m ^r ^ma Z ghma gHo$& dh XodZ H$m _Z
haUhmar Vmng{Z`m| H$a ny` MH$bm g_mZ {Z_b gnyU VnmodZ H$mo Cdb H$aVr Wr&&7&&
gmo CgHo$ Aml_ nmS>d Jò gmo CgZo C{MV d{m H$a BZH$s nmhZ J{V H$ar Aa dh {_Q> dMZ
~mobZhmar BZHo$ _mJ H$m IoX {ZdmaVr ^B& V~ CgH$mo _mVm Hw$Vr Zo o_H$a nyN>r - ho ~mbo! ho
H$_b H$mo_br! Vy Zd `mdZ {dfo dam` H$mo H$mZ H$maZ m hB h gmo H$h Voar ~w{ {Z_b h&
Bg ^m{V Hw$Vr Zo nyN>r, V~ dh amOnwr _JZ`Zr _Ywa dMZ H$hH$a _mVm H$m _Z haVr
^B&&78&& ho nyò! Vw_ ^br nyN>r _oao dam` H$maU H$h h gOZ go {_bo _Z H$m XI H$hZo _|
Amdo&&79&&
n{hbo _oao _mVm {nVm Zo `h {dMma {H$`m Wm Omo Bg H$`m H$mo amOm nmS>w Aa amZr Hw$Vr H$m
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~S>m nw `w{YR>a Vm{h naUmd|J&o dh gwVo d^md hr CXma MoQ>m H$m YmaH$ h {\$a _oao A^m` go
CZH$r _mVm Aa ^mBZ g{hV Eogr dmVm bmoH$Z Ho$ _wI go gwZZo _| AmB Omo Z H$hr Om` Z Yar
Om`&&81&& gmo `mo` Vmo `h {H$ Ogo _oam n{V ApZ Xmh H$a _am `m| hr _ ^r ApZ doe H$$
`h Vmo _moVo Z ~Zr, _ Wr hrZepV Bg{bò Vmn`r`m| Ho$ _mJ {dfo dVu h& &82&&
`h dMZ amOnwr Ho$ gwZH$a Hw$Vr Zo OmZr `h _oar hr nwdYy hmoZhma h& V~ Cggo H$hm ho ô! VZo ~hV ^bm {H$`m Omo ApZdoe Z {H$`m AnZo mU ~Mmò&&83&& `h mUr AnZo
{_m| H$m H$`mU {dMmao Aa nydm}nm{OV H$_ Aa hr H$a S>mao {Oggo XrKXeunZm hr `mo` h& {~Zm
{dMmao erK H$aZm gmo hr gVmn H$m H$maU h& ho H$`mUr! `h mU H$`mU Ho$ H$maU h gmo _oao
dMZ go Vy `h mU amI OrdVm WH$m mUr gH$S>m| H$`mU XoIo h Bg{bò Vy Ka _| aho Vmo VnmodZ
{dfo ah naVw mU `mJ _V H$a&&85&& Cgr g_` `w{YpR>a ^r _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q> Am` IS>o aho&
Hw$Vr Aa dh amOH$`m XmoZm| H$s ~mV `w{YpR>a Zo gwZr gmo _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q> Y_ H$m `m`mZ H$aVo
aho Aa Cgo gwZmVo aho Omo drVamJ H$m $`m Wm&
Xmo` H$ma Y_ {Vg_| JhW Y_ Vmo ~mah dV $n - nM AUwdV VrZ JwUdV Mma {ejmdV
Aa `{V H$m Y_ nM _hmdV nMg{_{V VrZ Jw{&&87&& `h Voah H$ma Mm[a h gmo Bg ^m{V
BZHo$ nana Ambmn ^`m Aa _Z {dfo r{V CnOr& V~ H$`m _Z _| qMVdVr ^B& amObjU H$a
`wV H$hm `h hr `w{YR>a h Omo _mVm g{hV _hm X`m H$a _pS>V _wPo CnXoe Xo h Aa YraO
~Ymdo h& gdWm _oao nw` H$a dh _oam n{V g`dmXr Ordmo& do nwf ewAm| Ho$ OrVZhmao h&&89&&
Cg {XZ CgHo$ Aml_ aho {\$a mV hr MbZo Ho$ C_r hE V~ `w{YR>a Zo Cggo H$hr - Voam XeZ
{\$a h{O`mo& CgH$mo ~hV g_mZ H$a {_Q> dMZ H$h AmJo Mbo Aa BgHo$ Amem ~Yr Omo `hr h
g_` nm` _mo{h naU|J&o gmo `h Vmo Amem $n `hm {VR> h, `w{YR>a Ho$ CnXoe H$a Hw$N> BgH$mo
AUwdV H$m JhU hdm& Aa dZ go {ZH$g Vmng H$m ôf VO {d H$m $n Ya nmMm| ^mB _mVm
Hw$Vr g{hV Bhmnaw Zm_m ZJa Jò&&91&&
Aa amOm g_w{dO` Zo maH$m _| gwZr Omo X`m}YZ Zo Hw$Vr Aa nmMm| nmS>d _m`mMma H$a
ApZ _| Obmò gmo AnZr ~hZ Aa ^mUOo {VZHo$ _aU H$a X`m}YZ na A{V H$moY ^ò& Hw$derZ
Ho$ _m[ado H$mo C_r ^ò& Aa nmMmo ^mB Bhmnaw _| H$B EH$ {XZ aho Vhm ^J Zm_m amjg _hm
^`H$a _Zw`m| H$m Amhma H$aZhmam {Oggo ^r_goZ Zo `w {H$`m Cgo OrV H$a VmS> {X`m {\$a Z
Amdo gmo BZH$m ZJa {dfo ~S>m è ^`m& `h amjg _Zw`m| Ho$ Amhmar Xod`mo{Z Zht amjgr {dm
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Ho$ gmYH$ XQ> _Zw` h dm amjg Ho$ {VaH$ma H$a ZJa Ho$ bmoJZ H$m ^` {_Q>m Om ^` a{hV ^B
V~ BZH$s ~hV nyOm H$ar Aa _mVm g{hV AmJo Mbo& gmo EH$ VmJ Zm_m ~S>m ZJa&&93&& Vhm
amOm MS>dmhZ Omo nmnH$_ Ho$ H$aZhmao h {VZH$mo ^`H$a VmHo$ amZr {d_bOm A{V ~b^m VmHo$
nwr Xe Vo gd hr $n Ho$ A{Ve` H$a gnUy eaX H$s nyaU_mgr Ho$ M_m H$s g_mZ gwXa ~XZ
{OZHo$ Aa do gd hr H$bm {dfo drU&&95&&
{VZHo$ Zm_ - JwU^m 1 gw^m 2 r 3 lr 4 a{V 5, nX_m 6, BXrdam 7, {ddm 8, Mm`m
9, AemoH$m 10, gmo BZHo$ _mVm {nVm Zo `h g~ `w{YR>a H$mo {ddmhZr {dMmar Wr gmo CZH$s Aa
^mV gwZ `h g~ lm{dH$m Ho$ dV$n {VR>Vr Wr&&97&& Aa Cgr ZJa _| EH$ {` {_ Zm_m ~S>m
YZdmZ gmo BgZo gwZr Wr Omo Bg g_` nmS>d ~S>o nwf h CZ g_mZ Aa Zmht gmo nmS>dZ Ho$ XoIZo
H$s VWm CZHo$ è gwZZo H$s CgH$mo A{V A{^bmfm Wr CgHo$ gm{_Zr Zm_m ^m{_Zr Aa
Z`ZgwXar Zm_m H$`m gmo AnZo $n gmX`Vm H$a ZoZ H$mo AmZX XoZhmar&&97&& gmo O~ amOm
Zo AnZr Xe nwr `w{YR>a H$mo XoZr {dMmar Wr V~ BgZo ^r AnZr nwr `w{YR>a hr H$mo XoZr {dMmar
Wr gmo CZH$s Aa dmVm gwZ amOm H$s Xem| nwr AUwdV Ya {VR>r Wt `m| hr loR>r H$s nwr ^r CZ
g{hV {VR>r amOm Aa amOm H$s amZr Aa `h goR> Aa goR>mZr _hm nwfZ Ho$ bjZ OmZZhmao
Bg{bò `w{YR>a H$mo XoZr {dMmar Wr&&1&& gmo CZHo$ nabmoH$ H$s gwZ BZ g~Z Ho$ `h {dMma ^`m
Wm {H$ Omo do nabmoH$ Jò Vmo H$moB Xgam Vmo n{V h_mao hmoZhma Zht, n{V do hr h gmo dh Vmo {ZM`
$n h Aa `h nmMmo ^mB dhm go AmJo Mbo gmo Mnmnwar Jò Vhm BZH$m ^mB H$U amO H$ao gmo
X`m}YZ H$m Aa OamqgY H$m {_ Vhm EH$ ^`H$a JOamO gmo ZJa Ho$ _` Cnd H$ao Wm Aa _hm
~b Vm{h ^r_ Zo _X a{hV {H$`m Aa Om H$m Cnd _oQ>m naVw dhm AmnH$mo H$Q> Z {H$`m&
dhm go AmJo EH$ gwanwa g_mZ d{X{g Zm_m ZJa Vhm amOm dfdO CgHo$ T>m` `w Zm_ H$m ~S>m
nw gmo `wdamO&&5&&
Aa amOm Ho$ {Xemdbr Zm_m amZr CgHo$ gmZXm Zm_m nwr gmo g~ {Xe {dfo H$Q> h è
{OgH$m {Xem g_mZ {Z_b&&6&& Cg amOm Ho$ _{Xa ^r_ {^jm Ho$ AW Jò gmo J^ra h eX
{OgHo$ gmo dh amOm ^r_ H$mo _hm $ndmZ Aa _hm nwf OmZ AnZr H$`m boH$a ^r_ Ho$ {ZH$Q>
Am`m Aa {_Q> dMZ H$hVm ^`m&&8&& ho Zamom_! Vw_ `moJ {^jm `h _oar H$`m h gmo boh Aa
nm{UJhU H$amo&&9&& V~ ^r_ Zo H$hr `h Anyd [^jm h gmo _ dmYrZ Zht Omo BgHo$ AW hmW
ngm$& `hm _oar _mVm Aa _oam ~S>m ^mB h dh H$ao gmo ghr& V~ amOm H$hr CZH$mo nyN> AmAmo V~
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^r_ Om`H$a _mVm Aa ^mB go H$hr Aa Chm|Zo Amkm Xr Vw_ {ddmh H$amo& V~ df^dO H$s nwr
gmZXm {Vgo naUH$a d{Xenwa _| S>To > _hrZm ahH$a Z_Xm Zm_m ZXr H$mo Va [d`mMb ndV Jò
`h nmMm| ^mB AZoH$ H$ma amOH$sS>m {VZ {dfo drU&&11&&
AWmZVa - g`mH$ma Zm_m AVarn Vm {deo g`mH$ma Zm_m ZJa Cg {dfo amOm qghKmof
amO H$ao gmo amOm {hS>~ Ho$ de {dfo CnOm&&12&& CgH$s gwXeZm Zm_m amZr Aa CgHo$ X`gwXar
Zm_m nwr Cgo {Hy$Q>mMb H$m amOm _oKdoJ `mMVm Wm gmo qghKmof Zo Zht Xr&&13&& {Z{_m kmZr
go nyN>m {H$ _oar nwr H$m da H$mZ hmo`Jm? V~ CgZo H$hm - _oKdoJ qd`mMb {dfo JXm Zm_m
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Cgo gmdYmZ H$a Cggo `w {H$`m gmo Cgo _ma H$a JXm Ho$ dm_r ^ò&&15&& Aa qghKmof H$s
X`gwXar Zm_m nwr naZr CgH$m Xgam Zm_ {hS>~ gwXar ^r H$ho h _hmCN>d go BZH$m {ddmh
^`m&&16&& {\$a AZoH$ Xoe {dhma H$aVo `h Vmn Ho$ nwO
hpVZmnwa Zm_m ZJa Vhm OmZo H$s h
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g_mZ Aa dhm Ho$ _Zw` Xodm| g_mZ&&18&&
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h BgHo$ AW gH$b amOmAm| Ho$ nw _ZmoaW H$a| Aa g~m| hr Ho$ XV BgH$mo `mMZo Ho$ AW Amd| Ogo
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amOm ~oY ~pY gmo H$`m H$mo dao&&22&& `h ~mV gwZ monXr $n Jh Ho$ ~g ^ò H$U X`m}YZm{X
g~ hr amOm nX H$s _mH$Xr Zm_m ZJar Amò gmo amOmAm| H$m g_yh ôbm ^`m EH$ gwa| dZ
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{VZ Am` H$a YZwf XoIm Aa ne {H$`m Ogo n{VdVm n{V Ho$ de hmo` Vgo YZwf H$s {\$S>{M
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bmoJ H$hVo ^ò BgZo nmMm| dao dh _hm gVr AOwZ H$s r AOwZ H$mo da H$a \y$br ~ob g_mZ
gmohVr ^B&&36&& {\$a AOwZ g~ amOmAm| Ho$ XoIVo monXr H$mo _mVm Ho$ {ZH$Q> bo J`m&&37&&
V~ g~ amOm `w Ho$ A{^bmfr ^ò gmo nX Zo _Zo {H$ò Vmo ^r Z _mZr Aa `w H$mo C_r
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go Amnm H$Q> H$amo V~ AOwZ Zo AnZo Zm_ H$m n {bIH$a ~mU Ho$ ~mY moU H$s Amoa ôOm gmo
dhm ~mU moU H$s JmoX _| nS>m& n _| AnZm g~ g~Y {bIm Wm gmo dh n&&40&& moU H$s JmoX
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g_mZ Aa Xmo Xoda gmo nw g_mZ Aa AOwZ n{V Aa `h n{VdVm Zmar&&49&&
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monXr g{hV H$sS>m H$aVm ^`m& Ogo lram_ grVm g{hV a_o&&21&& Bg ^m{V d BN>m {dhma H$a
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H$_b g_mZ h _wI {OgH$m CgHo$ gm nw&&26&& {VZ_o ~S>m H$sMH$ gm ^mB`m| _| ~S>m Ho$ Aa
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^r_goZ go H$hm&&33&&
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{dfo J`m gmo dh _hm _XZmVwa `m{h monXr OmZ erK hr Am`m Ogo nae Br Ho$ {dfo H$a AY
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H$a h`m Ogo {Ja na dO nao Vgo H$sMH$ na ^r_ H$s _wQ>r nS>r& dh naXmam aV H$m_r Hw$erb
H$m A{^bmfr Cgo A`m` \$b {XIm` N>mSo > {X`m& Oo X`mdV Cdb {Mm h dh Eogo nmnr H$mo
^r Z _ma| g~ OrdZ na X`mbw {Mm {OZH$m&&36&&
dh H$sMH$ nmn H$m \$b `j XoI {df` go {daV ^`m EH$ a{VdZ Zm_m _w{Z {VZHo$
g_rn Om` H$a _w{ZdV AmXao, ^mdZ H$s ewVm go dh em H$m lmZr ^`m& Aa ~mah ^mdZm
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EH$ `j Zo XoIm&&42&& V~ `j Zo {dMmar `h monXr na Am{eH$ ^`m Wm gmo A~ XoIo BgHo$
dam` {dfo H$gr T>Vm h gmo _w{Z Ho$ {Mm H$r naI Ho$ AW `j Zo AY am{ Ho$ g_` monXr H$m
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CgH$m $n XoIZo H$mo AY g_mZ hmo` Jò $n _hm _Zmoha Aa {~bmg H$m âm naVw AYm H$hm
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hmW OmoSo > {dZ`dmZ hdm gwZ h&&48&& _w{Z H$ho h - ho `j! `h Va{JZr Zm_m ZXr {Og_o doJdVr
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do _m`mMmar Aa `h {ZH$nQ> _hm {dZ`dmZ BgHo$ g~go {hV gmo dh Bgo {gm`VZ Zm_m ma
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hr ^md hmo` Jò&&48&&
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JmoXr _| {b`m Aa BgH$m _VH$ My~ m Aa AnZo H$mo_b H$a nbd H$a BgH$m AJ nem&&49&&
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dV}&&50&& CgH$m _Z {dH$ma Zo I|Mm gmo _Z _| qMVdo h Omo r EH$ ~ma ^r goO {dfo AnZo
AJH$a BgHo$ AJ neo h gmo Y` h Aa Cgr H$m O_ g\$b h& Bg ggma {dfo EH$ dhr r
r H$hZo _m h&&51&& $n bmd` gm^m` MVwamB Am{X AZoH$ JwU Bg wZ _| h, gmo EH$
jU_m ^r Bg H$m_Xod H$m {_bmn _moho hmo` Vmo Bg g_mZ Xb^ nXmW Zht&
Bg ^m{V d`m h Ag^m` gH$n {OgHo$ Cgo Um_H$a wZ AnZo Ka Am`m dh
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nbdZ H$s goO Hw$_bmB XoIr V~ Cgo eara H$s Ag_m{Y H$m H$maU nyN>m& V~ CgHo$ AJ H$s
MoQ>m H$a CgHo$ _Z H$s {dnarVVm OmZr V~ H$_m] H$s MoQ>m H$mo qZH$a Cgo _mVm Aa nw H$m
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Zo wZHw$_ma H$mo H$hm&&60&&
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Aa _w{Z H$hr Jmar Aa kr {dm ^r dh XoJr `h dmVm gwZ `h Y_m_m erb hr h YZ

{OgHo$ gmo CgHo$ nmg J`m gmo dh XoIH$a h{fV ^B& Aa Bggo H$hr - ho _XZ! Vy gwZ Omo Voar
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`h H$Wm H$hr, V~ XamMmaZr {d{YnydH $ `h XmoZm| {dm wZHw$_ma H$mo XoVr ^B& V~ BgZo hmW
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_wH$w Q> {OgH$m Aa OmoS>r h AmOb
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h&&67&&
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V~ CgZo OmZr `h r XamMm[aUr h& BgZo nw ^r _oao go Imo`m Aa {dm ^r _oao go ImoB Eogm OmZ dh _hm _mZr nmN>m Om` Hw$_ma go `w H$aVm ^`m& V~ Hw$_ma Zo BgH$mo ~mYm&&77&&
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Om`do H$mo C_r ^`m&
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{eamo^mJ h& BZHo$ Vw âVjo o Aa gw^Q> Zmht&&72&& Aa amOm gw{dO VWm dgwXdo Aa
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Ho$ YmaH$ MM
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gmVdm A{YH$ma
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eXmmZ ^B&&17&&
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AWmZVa - OamqgY Ho$ H$Q>H$ H$mo W hr XoI H$a lrZo{ZmW H$m XmV ^mB aWZo{
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dVw H$s AôXVm {dfo {Mm H$s Am$T>Vm h&&64&&
EH$ hr VWm EH$ hr JwU VWm EH$ hr ew n[aU{V {dfo JbVmZ ^m h& moh H$m Zme
Vmo n{hbo hr nmo H$a {H$m Aa Bg Xgao nmo H$a kmZmdaU XeZmdaU Aa AVam BZ VrZ
Km{Vm| H$m Zme H$ao&&65&& dh H$VmW ~mahd| JwUR>mUo Ho$ AV Km{Vm| H$m KmV H$a Voahd|
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gmo ^JdmZ Ho$dbr nyOZ mo, mdo mo VrZ ^wdZ Ho$ naoda qH${MV D$Z H$mo{S> nyd
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m| Mma g | Xoe {dVao m| hr Mma g | gH$moM&o
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Aa g~ Amd H$m {ZamoY Aa gmoJ Ho$dbr Ho$ WmmVMm[a moj H$m H$maU h gmo ^JdmZ
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Z gm ^r h Aa ghO gm ^r h Oo VrWH$a Xod Aa VX^d mojJmr Ma earar h {VZHo$
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Bg ^m{V Zd_m A{Zd{V H$aU Zm_m JwUWmZ CgHo$ Zd ^mJ {dfo H${V N>mrg H$mo Inmdo& Aa
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bmo^ H$m A^md H$a Xed| Ho$ AV gdWm moh a{hV hmo H$a ~mahdm jrU H$fm Zmm JwUWmZ
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ewb mZ Ho$ Xgao nmo go h gmobh H${V Inm H$a Ho$dbr hmo&&96&&
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ghZZ dU N>h nmM ag 5 ne AmR> JY Xmo XodJmZwndy u EH$ Aa Xod J{V EH$&&100&&
AJwbKw EH$ Cdmg EH$ naKmV EH$ CnKmV EH$ eV{dhm EH$ Aa AeV {dhm EH$
Aa oH$ eara Anm pWa, A{Wa, ew^, Aew^, X^J , gwda, Xda, AZmXo, Ae
H$s{V, {ZmU ZrM Jmo, g~ BH$R>o {H$o ~hma hm| gmo Voahd| JwUWmZ go MmXhd| JwmWmZ |
OmH$a Inmdo Aa MmXhdm AmoJ Ho$dbr CgHo$ AV Ho$ g Voah H${V Inmdo&
CZHo$ Zm - gmVm doXZr 1 Zwmw ZwJ{V 1 ZwJmZwndy u 1 nM{o Om{V 1 g
1 ~mXa 1 nm{ 1 gw^J 1 AmXo 1 CJmo 1 eH$s{V 1 VrWH$a 1 h Voah H${V AmoJ
Ho$dbr AV Ho$ g o Inmdo A, B, D$, G$, b, h nmM d Aja {VZH$m CmaU hmo VoVm
H$mb MmXhd| JwUWmZ {VR> H$a {gbmoH$ H$mo {gYmao gmo {g nm Am{X H$mo {bo AZVr h
{OgH$s Am{X Vmo h Aa AV Zmht& AZV JwZ $n nm gm{X AZVr H${ho Bg hr ^m{V AZVo
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^m{V hmodJ| &o &8&&
{g nX H$m H$maU Y mZ Aa ewb mZ h gmo ^JdmZ Zo{ZmW N>nZ {XZ Vmo Y
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mZ mm Aa AmgmoO gwXr n{S>dm Ho$ {XZ ^mV hr ewb mZ $n ApZ H$a Mma Km{Vm
H$ $n ~Z Vm{h ^ {H$m&&10&& Aa AZV kmZ, AZV XeZ, AZV gwI, AZV dr
$n MVwQ> H$mo m ô& O~ Zorda H$mo Ho$dbkmZ CnOm V~ Bm{XH$ Xodm| Ho$ AmgZ
H$nmmZ Ê Aa wH$Q> Z JE&&11&& H$ndmgr Xodmo| Ho$ AH$mV KQ>m H$m eX ^m& Aa
mo{Vfr Xodm| Ho$ qghZmX ~mOm& Aa Vam| Ho$ T>mb
o ~mOo& Aa ^dZdmgr Xodm| Ho$ eI H$m eX
^m& Bg ^m{V AH$mV eX Ê V~ MVw{ZH$m Ho$ Xod ^JdmZ H$mo Ho$dbkmZ CnOm OmZ AnZo
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Aa qghmgZ Ho$ H$nmmZ hmodo H$a ^w H$m Ho$db H$mUH$ OmZ H$a g~ Xodm| g{hV AnZo
dmhZm| Ho$ gyh H$a AmH$me $n gw H$mo nya H$a g goZm g{hV gwan{V {JaZma H$s X{jUm H$a
gmoeaU | Amo&&13&&
^bo H$ma ZH$ma H$aVo {ZJd Ê Xgar doa {JaZma AmE& n{hbo Vn H$mUH$ {dfo Vmo
Amo hr Wo Aa A~ kmZ H$mUH$ {dfo AmE& gwao {Ja Vmo EH$ O H$mUH$ Ho$ ZmZ m hr
go n{d ^m Wm& Aa h {JaZma Vn H$mUH$ H$m WmZH$ kmZ H$mUH$ H$m WmZH$ Aa
Amn lrZo{ZmW Bg {Ja hr go {ZdmU nYma|Jo Bg{bo h {Ja gwao H$mo ^r OrVVm ^m&&14&&
Ohm AQ> m{Vhmm] H$a emo{^V Zo{{OZo {damOo h Ohm Xma Om{V Ho$ H$ndj Am{X AZoH$
H$ndjm| Ho$ nwn {VZH$s dfm H$a Xem| {Xem gwJY hmo ahr h Aa XodmJZmAm| Ho$ JrV H$a {Ja
eXmmZ hmo ahm h Aa XX^r ~mOm| H$m ZmX {VZ H$a g~ {Xem ZmX$n hmo ahr h Aa Ohm
emoH$ H$m haUhmam Omo AemoH$ dj $b y$bm| H$a {S>V gmoho h Aa VrZ N> VrZ ^wdZ H$s ^wVm
Ho$ {MhZ H$mo Yao ^w Ho$ {ga na {$ao h&&16&&
Aa hgm| H$s npV Ho$ nam| Ho$ gmZ Zmoha Cdb AZoH$ Ma ^w na Tw>ao h Aa gy
S>b H$s mo{V H$mo OrVo Eogm ^w H$s Xoh H$s H$m{V H$m S>b {Xno h Aa hoB qghmgZ ZmZm
H$ma aZm| Ho$ gyh H$a OS> m BYZwf H$s emo^m H$mo OrVo, Cg na {OZda {damOo h Aa ZmZm
H$ma ^mfm Ho$ ôf H$mo Yao gH$b {dH$ma a{hV {X d{Z {OZ amO Ho$ wI go {Iao h&&17&& h
AQ> m{Vhm Ama MmVrg A{Ve {VZ H$a pS>V Zo{{OZoda h[ade Ho$ {VbH$ ~mBgd|
VrWH$a d^md hr H$a Y Ho$ YmaH$ JwU Ho$ gyh ~moY$n {XZ Ho$ H$mm {OZ a{d bmo Ho$
Cma Ho$ AWu {JaZma Ho$ {eIa na {damOo Vhm g~ Xod Am godm H$aVo Ê&&18&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm H$Vm ^JdZZ{o ZmW Ho$dbkmZdUZmo
Zm_ nMnMmeV gJ&&55&&
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AWmZVa - B H$s Amkm go Xodm| Zo ^w H$m gdgaU aMm h& dh gdgaU VrZ OJV
Ho$ m{Um| H$mo eaU h&&1&& maH$m Ho$ bmoH$ g~ Xde
r Aa ^moOder Am{X {Ja na ~b^
ZmamU H$s gmW MT>&o &2&& gmo {OZo H$m gdgaU ~mha ^rVa XoIH$a AmM H$mo m
Ê&&3&& Ogr gdgaU H$s ^y{ H$s aMZm VrW}da Ho$ hmo h Vgr lmoVmAm| H$mo gjno Vm H$a
H${ho h&&4&& d^md $n Omo h ^y{ Cggo EH$ hmW mU D$Mr {X^y{ {$a CgHo$ D$na EH$
hmW D$Mr H$n ^y{ gmo dh ^y{ MmH$y Q>r gwI H$s XoZho mar AnZr emo^m H$a dJ H$s emo^m H$mo
OrVo gmo CH$Q> gdgaU H$m {dVma ~mah moOZ hmo h Aa Zo{ZmW ~mBgd| {OZ h Bg{bo
BZH$m S>To > moOZ h&&6&&
gdgaU Vmo H$b gmZ h, Aa JY Hw$Q>r H${UH$m gmZ C h& gdgaU H$s ^y{ Eogr
gmoho h mZmo br H$s nanam hr h& gdeaU H$s ^y{ B Zrb {U B H$mM gmZ {Zb
gmoho h A{YH$ go A{YH$ emo^m Yao h&&8&& Xa hr go Bm{XH$ Xod Om{h ZH$ma H$ao h dh
mZW^ Ho$ AmJU H$s ^y{ VrZ OJVH$a mZZo mo h& Mmam| hm {XemAm| {dfo Mmam| XadmOm|
H$s Amoa Xmo Xmo H$mog Ho$ {dVma amOmJ h {VZHo$ mZW^m| Ho$ nrR> h {VZHo$ D$na dU
aZB {OZ {Vm h& {OZH$mo gwa Agwa Zw mZo h Xod {dmYa ^y{JmoMar mZW^mo Ho$ grn
Am {OZ{Vm nyOo h dh mZW^m| H$s ^y{ XoXrmZ nXamJ {UB AU dU h&&12&&
Mmam| XadmOm| Ho$ Mmam| hr amOmJ {dfo VrZ VrZ gwdU Ho$ nrR> {VZ na mZW^ gmoho h dVwb
mH$ma
AmY H$mog MmS >o Aa Xmo H$mog D$Mo nrR> h&&13&& Aa nrR>m| H$s MmS >mB Vgo Aa EH$ YZwf KmQ>
mZW^m| H$s MmS >mB h Aa EH$ moOZ Hw$N> h A{YH$ mZW^m| H$s D$MmB h&&14&&
Aa mZW^ yb {dfo dO{U H${ho hram {VZHo$ h Aa {dfo ${Q>H$ {U Ho$ h Aa
AJ^mJ {dfo dS>y ` _{U_B h Aa {OZHo$ Mmam| Va\$ ^JdmZ Ho$ q~~ {~amOo h Aa BZ mZW^m|
Ho$ D$na dOm h gmo ~mah moOZ go pQ> nS>o h Aa EH$ EH$ mZW^ Ho$ Aml Xmo Xmo hOma
W^ h Vo ZmZm H$ma Ho$ aZm| H$s {H$aUm| H$a XoXrmZ h Aa mZW^m| H$m D$nabm ^mJ ~rg
moOZ mU AmH$me {dfo CmoV H$ao h lrXodr Ho$ VH$ {dfo MyS>m{U aZm| go ^r A{YH$ Am^m
{OZH$s Vo mZW^ Xodm| H$m Aa Zwm| H$m mZ hao h {OZHo$ XoIo hm m{Zm| H$m mZ {~bm
Om {$a mZW^m| Ho$ AmJo Mma gamoda h {OZ| H$b y$b aho h Aa hg gmag MH$dm Zmoha
eX H$ao h {VZH$a g~ {Xem eXmmZ hmo ahr h&&19&& Aa gamodam| Ho$ AmJo dO{UB nS>
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H$moQ>m h gmo Zwm| Ho$ djWb nV D$Mm h A{YH$ h H$m{V {OgH$s Aa D$MmB go {JwUr h
MmS >mB {OgH$s gmo gdgaU Ho$ Mm{JX X{jUm $n {VQ>o h&&20&& Bg nS>H$moQ>m Ho$ ^rVa Ob
H$s âr ImB h CgH$s ^y{ ${Q>H$ {U gmZ Cdb h Aa ImB | JmoS>m| | mU Am|S >m Ob
h mZmo ImB ^y{$n Zmar H$s H$mbr gmS>r h&&21&&
Aa ImB | gwdU B H$bm| Ho$ aO Ho$ nwO
H$a Ob nrV dU hmo ahm h mZmo ImB H$m $n
Ya gw hr Mh Amoa X{jUm H$ao h&&22&& Aa ImB Ho$ AmJo ~obm| H$m dZ h gmo gdgaU Ho$
Mmam| Amoa X{jUm $n gmoho h {Og {dfo ZmZm H$ma Ho$ gwJY y$b y$b aho h {VZH$s gwJY Vm H$a
Xem| {Xem gwJY $n hmo ahr h Aa ^da JO
w ma H$ao h Aa ZmZm H$ma Ho$ ew^ njr gwXa eX H$ao
h&&23&& Aa Bg ~br dZ Ho$ AmJo nhbm H$ZH$B H$moQ> h gmo A{V XXrmZ h Aa {OgHo$
$nmB Mma XadmOo h gmo mZmo {dOm {J[a hr h&&24&& Bg n{hbo H$moQ> | manmb Va Xod
h Vo Hw$S>b H$Q>H$m{X Am^yfUm| H$a gmoho h& Aa wXJ a h {Ohm| Ho$ hmW | Vo XQ> Ordm| H$mo
{VaH$ma H$ao h&&25&&
Aa XadmOm| Ho$ ngdmS>o {UB VmoaU h Aa XadmOo XadmOo N>, Ma, H$be, Pmar, XnU,
VmS>drOZm, dpVH$, dOm| AmR> Jb Yao h& EH$ EH$ Jb EH$ gm AmR> AmR> h
Aa XadmOm| Ho$ AmJo ZmQ>embm h gmo XadmOm| o YgVm m{hbr Amoa XmoZm| Va$ Xmo ZmQ>embm
h Aa EH$ EH$ ZmQ> embm Ho$ VrZ VrZ IU h {VZ {dfo XodmJZm Z H$ao h Aa ZmQ>embm Ho$
AmJo Mma dZ h& nyd {Xem {dfo AemoH$dZ h Aa X{jU {Xem {dfo gnU Zmm dZ h& Aa
npM {Xem {dfo MnH$ Zmm dZ h Aa Cma {Xem {dfo Am dZ h&&28&& h Mma dZ {VZ|
Mma Mdj h& AemoH$ dZ {dfo AemoH$ V Aa gNX> dZ {dfo gN>X>, MnH$dZ {dfo
MnH$ Aa Am dZ {dfo Am h Mma Mdj {OZ {Vm H$a emo{^V hmZmoha h&&29&&
Aa BZ dZ {dfo Zmoha dm{nH$m h& H$moB dmnr {H$moU Aa H$moB dVwb
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nwn boH$a M djm| Ho$ {~~m| H$s nyOm H$a ^ Ord mhr doe
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h {OZ Jb XnUm| H$a ma XXrmZ ^mgo h h Mmam| ma {dfo {dOm{XH$ ~mrg manmb
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H$mo wqZm{XH$ ^pV H$a {ZaIo h Aa dh w{Z nmn go S>ao h Y {dfo h {M {OZH$s Eogm h
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j {XImdo h&&100&&
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j Y H$m d$n mZmo {Zb Y}da Omo ^JdmZ {VZHo$ d$n hr h&&46&&
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h&&48&& Aa VrOr g^m | amOVr Am{X AmH$mAm| Ho$ Aa lm{dH$mAm| Ho$ gyh {VR>o h gmo
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Ho$ ZmeH$ h {OZH$s ^pV go nmn nbm Om& h ^dZdmgr Xod AnZo $Um| | h XXrmZ aZm|
H$s ^m H$a Zmoha XrIo h&&53&&
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H$s d{ H$mo Mmho h& ^w H$s ^m Ho$ ^md H$a X hmo JB h H$m{V {OZH$s&&55&& Aa Xer
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Xod {VR>o h gmo dJdmgr gmX Ho$ dmr hmgwIr ^JdmZ Ho$ hm ^V gmoho h {OZ gmZ Aa
Xod Zht&&56&& Aa maht g^m {dfo ~bXod dmgwXdo Am{X g~ hr amOm {VR>o h gV {g{ Ho$
XoZhmao {OZda {VZH$mo godo h Aa ~S>o ~S>o lmdH$ g~ hr {VR>o h h mahdt g^m Zwm| H$a {S>V h,
dh gH$ pQ> lmdH$ mZmo XmZ nyOm{X Y y{V hr h ^JdmZ H$m h mZ {OZHo$&&57&&
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Ho {VM {VR>&o ^JdmZ Ho$ A{Ve H$a X hmo JB h A{dm {OZH$s Aa {Q> Jo h ~a {OZHo$
Aa {dbm Jo mmMma Am{X Xmof {OZHo$ BZ Xmofm| Ho$ A^md go JwU $n hmo aho h& H$B EH$
{VM gd YmaVo ô Aa H$B EH$ lmdH$ Ho$ dV YmaVo ô Aa H$B EH$ Zw w{Z ô H$B
EH$ lmdH Ho$ dV YmaVo ô H$B EH$ r Aa AmH$m ^B Aa H$B EH$ lm{dH$m ^B& Aa H$B
EH$ Xod gd Ho$ YmaH$ ô& Bg ^m{V ~mah g^m H$a pS>V {OZoda gmoeaU {dfo {damOo
mZmo h mXe g^m mXemJ $n Omo OZ em CgHo$ JwU hr h {VZ H$a ^w godZo mo h&&59&&
dh ^JdmZ ZoZmW qghmgZ H$s emo^m H$a OJV H$m BdanZm JQ> H$ao h& h BdanZm Aa
R>ma Zht Aa Xodm| H$a T>mao Ma {VZ H$a g~ bmoH$ H$m amO|nZm JQ> {XImdo h&&60&& Aa Mm
gmZ Cdb VrZ N> {VZ H$a bmoH$sZmWnZm H$meo Aa ^mS>b H$s mo{V H$s ^m H$m
Am{YnZm {XImdo h ^mS>b H$s ^m Ordm| H$m OmVa H$m {V{a Xa H$ao h&& 61&& Aa
AemoH$ Zmm dj gd Ordm| H$m emoH$ Xa H$ao h& dh AemoH$ dj G$Vw Ho$ nwnm| H$a emo{^V h nwn
dpQ> H$a Xod {OZoda H$mo nyOo h&&62&& Aa XX { ^dmOm| Ho$ S>b eX H$a OrV H$s br JQ>
H$ao h Aa gd Ordm| H$mo A^XmZ H$s XoZhmar {Xd{Z Cg H$a AnZm gdknZm JQ> H$ao h&
do ^JdmZ hoda AQ> m{Vhm[am| H$a emo{^V gd}danZm ^m| H$mo H$meo h& dh AQ>
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m{Vhm {H$gr H$a Z hmao Om AnZo JwUm| H$a CnOo h&&64&& bmoH$m| Ho$ AmZX Ho$ dmVo AnZr
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namm gH$b JwUm| H$a nO
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H$a Bgo Ômo&&66&& AZoH$ Xod Aa Zw gmogaU | ~R>o h Aa AZoH$ Amdo h Vhm gmogaU
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grg Zdm ZH$ma H$ao h&&68&&
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H$a ZH$ma H$ao h {$a mZW^m| Ho$ nao Cm OZ doe H$ao h hm ^pVH$a {S>V ^rVa nR>o
h&&70&& Aa Omo Hw$H$ H$aZhmao nmnr h Aa ZrM h nmIS>r h Aa AJ {OZHo$ {dH$b h Aa
{OZH$s Br ^r {dH$b h gmo ~mha hr go dXZm H$ao h Aa N>, Mma, Pmar Am{X g~ CnH$aU
~mha VOH$a OmJU {dfo {H$VZoH$ {ZOdJm] g{hV hmW OmoS > ZH$ma H$aVo Xod| , ZmJ|, Zao
doe H$a h {d{Y nydH $ ^rVa Om H$a AnZo {Um| Ho$ wH$w Q> Zdm Zorda H$mo ZH$ma H$ao
h Aa nhbr nrR> na Y MH$ h Cgo nyOo h& AnZr epV mU Aa {d^d mU gwa Agwa
Za|m{XH$ ^w H$mo ~ma~ma Zdo h {$a hf Ho$ âo JQ> h amomM {OZHo$ gmo hmW OmoS > ere Zdmo
AnZo WmZH$ {VQ>o h Ogo gy H$mo CX H$mo nmH$a H$bm| H$m gyh {dH$go h Vgo {OZ a{d H$mo
nmH$a JwU $n H$b {dH$go h&&76&&&
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g{{V JZ H$aZm gmo g H$s ~w{ H$m H$maU h Aa Omo Bm g{{V {~Zm JZ H$aZm gmo
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CgH$m bjU XQ> Ord XQ>Vm C H$m hmo&&66&& AmR>r A{YH$maUr {H$m Omo qhgm Ho$
CnH$aU H$m JhU Aa Zdr n[aV{n {H$m Omo dBN>mMma nZo WH$s na Ord H$mo XI H$s Cn{m
H$aZm&&67&& Aa Xer mUm{VnmV H$s {H$m CgH$m bjU Ordm| Ho$ Br ~b Amw dmgmodmg
mUm| H$mo {dmoJ H$ao h N>R>r go bo Xer VH$ m{nH$m {H$m H$hr Aa mahdr XeZ {H$m
CgH$m bjU m{X Ord Ho$ amJ ^md Ho$ moJ go Zmok ag$n Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$m A{^m
hmo&&69&& Aa ~mahdt neZ {H$m H$ Ho$ ~Y H$m H$maU OmZZr& CgHo$ bjU nbd nwn
Am{X gOrd dVw H$mob {VZHo$ ne H$m A{ddoH$s Ho$ A{^bmf hmo&&70&& Aa Voahdr nmnmd
H$s H$aUhmar m H$s Zmm {H$m CgHo$ bjU nmn Ho$ CnH$aU Anyd {ZnOmdo&&71&& Aa
MmXhdt gVmZwn{VZr Zmm {H$m gmo gmYwOZm| H$mo AmoVm Ho$ bjU r nwf Aa new {VZHo$
WmZH$ {dfo b ym{X S>mao&&72&& Aa nhdr AZm^moJ Zmm {H$m CgHo$ bjU {~Zm XoIr nyO
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^y{ {dfo AJm{XH$ H$m WmnZ h mahdt go bo nhdr VH$ X{H$m h&&73&&
Aa gmobhdt gwhV {H$m Amd H$s ~T>mdZhmar OmZZr& CgHo$ bjU Omo AmoJ H$m
{H$gr Zo Z ~Zo gmo AnZo hmWm| H$ao&&74&& Aa gVahdr {ZgJ Zmm {H$m dV d^md Amd
H$m H$aUhmar CgHo$ bjU nmn Ho$ AJrH$ma H$s d{m {~Zm {gImB Amn hr OmZ bo Aa AR>mahdt
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{OZ Amkm WmW nmbZo H$mo AgW Aa fQ> AmdH$m{X {df| {md Ho$ moJ Aago nUm
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nrg Amd H$s {H$m H$hr&&81&&
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H$fm CnOmdZm Omo H$fm doXZr Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h&&97&& Aa CnhmZm{X H$a Y H$s
hm H$aZm hmdoXZr Zmm ZmoH$fm Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU Aa ZmZm H$ma H$sS>m {dfo
AmgVVm Aa dV erbm{XH$ H$s A{M gmo a{V doXZr Zmm ZmoH$fm Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h
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Amd Ho$ H$maU h&&5&&
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{VMmw Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h Aa An Ama^ Aa An n[aJh {ZJd ew^mw Aa gVmofd{m
h Zwmw Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h&&7&& Aa gd VWm Vr lmdH$ Ho$ dV Aa ~mb Vn
H${ho A Vmng g~Yr AkmZ Vn Aa AH$m {ZOam o Xodmw Ho$ Amd Ho$ H$maU h&&8&& Aa
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XeZ {dew{, {dZ gnVm, {Za{VMma erbdV {ZaVa, kmZmonmoJ gdJo epVVmJ,
epVVVn gmYw gm{Y dmdV H$aU A[ahV ^pV, AmMm ^pV, ~hlVw ^pV, dMZ
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Zmm H$ Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h Aa namo N>Vo JwU H$m T>mH$Zm Aa AnZo N>Vo AmJUw T>mH$Zm Aa
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namo AZhmoVo AmJZw H$hZm Aa AnZo AZhmoZo JwZ JmdZm& namB {ZXm Aa AnZr egm h ZrM
Jm Ho$ Amd Ho$ H$maU h&&11&&
Aa Amn g~ H$mb bham (N>mQo >m) ^mB hAm ahZm AmnH$mo g~go bKw OmZZm Aa Jd Z H$aZm
Aa namo JwUm| H$s egm H$aZr Aa AnZr Z H$aZr AnZm AmJZw H$s {ZXm H$aZr h C Jm
Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h Aa namo H$m | {dZ H$aZm gmo AVam H$ Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h
CgHo$ ôX nmM Omo XmZ {df| {dZ H$aZm gmo XmZmVam H$m H$maU h namo bm^ {dfo AVa H$aZm
gmo AnZo bm^mVam H$m H$maU h Aa namo ^moJ {dfo AVam H$aZm gmo ^moJmVam Ho$ Amd
H$m H$maU h Aa namo Cn^moJ {dfo AVa H$aZm gmo AnZo Cn^moJmVam Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h
Aa namo dr {df| {dZ H$aZm gmo AnZo drmVam Ho$ Amd H$m H$maU h Aa H$hm VH$
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hmo Vhm gmYw doe Z H$ao 3 Aa Aew {^jm Z bodo 4 Aa {H$gr go gdmX Z H$ao h nmM Aa
MmWm ~h M CgH$s ^mdZm nmM H$ho h r Ho$ amJ H$s H$Wm Z H$aZr Z gwZZr 1 Aa r H$m
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H$aZm&&20&& h nmM hmdV H$s nrg ^mdZm H$hr Aa qhgm{XH$ nmn {VZ| gdWm Xmof hr h
BZ nmnm| go Bg ^d {dfo AWdm na^d {df| Ord H$m AH$mU hr h& dVm| H$o T> H$aZo Ho$ AW
~w{mZm| H$mo h ^mdZm {ZaVa ^mdZr&&21&&
{$a Oo {ddoH$s h {VZH$mo gXm h {dMmaZm Omo h qhgm{X nmn gXm AgmVm doXZr H$ Ho$
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mZ H$m yb h gmo {ddo{H$m| H$mo gXm ^mdZr Aa Oo ggma Ho$ Û go gXm ^^rV h {VZH$mo
gdJo Aa dam Ho$ AW OJV H$m d^md Aa H$m H$m d^md ^mdZo mo h H$m H$m d^md
Vmo Aew{M Aa OJV H$m d^md A{Wa Aa h ^mdZm ^ Ord {ZaVa H$a| nmM Br VrZ ~b
Amw Aa dmgmodmg h m{Um| Ho$ Xe mU {VZH$m mXr hmo H$a {ZnmV H$aZm gmo qhgm
H${ho mXr Ord Ho$ nam{Um| H$m nrS>Z gmo AY h AZW h Aa Oo gmdYmZ h nM g{{V
Ho$ nmbH$ h {VZHo$ qhgm Ho$ A^md go ~Y H$m A^md h&&26&& Aa Omo A{ddoH$s mXr namU
H$mo hao h gmo Amn H$a AmnH$mo hZo h Omo nam{Um| H$m KmV {H$m Mmho h gmo nhbr Aew ^md
Ho$ moJ go AmnH$mo Amn hUo h na H$m KmV Vmo CgHo$ Amw Ho$ AV go hmo h Aa AnZo ^md BgZo
hUo Bg{bo AmKmVr Vmo {ZM ^m&&27&&
qhgm gmZ nmn Zht Aa Xm gmZ Y Zht Aa g hmoh AWdm Ag hmoh {Og| na
mUr H$s nrS>m h gmo Ag h Omo dMZ Ordm| Ho$ {hV H$m H$mm h gmohr g h&&28&& Aa namB
dVw {~Zm XB JhU H$aZm gmo Mmoar H${ho gmo {~Zm gboe n[aUm Z hmo Bg{bo Mmoar h gmo
qhgm H$m yb hr h&&29&& Aa Xm Am[X JwUm| H$s {Og {dfo d{ gmo ~h M H${ho Omo ~h {df|
Mm ~h M Aa a{V Ho$ dmVo nwfm| H$s {dH$ma MoQ>m gmo A~h &&30&& gmo A~h Zm Hw$erb
H$m h Aa hmWr, KmoS >,o Jm-~bY, h MoVZ n[aJh h Aa {U wVm$b gwdU aOVm{X h
AMoVZ n[aJh h ~mh n[aJh h Aa {md amJm{XH$ AVaJ n[aJh h {VZ {df| d VOZm
gmo n[aJh mJ Zmm dV h& BZ qhgm{XH$ nmnm| H$m mJ gmo dV H${ho CgHo$ ôX Xmo EH$
hmdV XOm AUwdV gmo hmdV Vmo Vr H$m mJ h Aa AUwdV lmdH$ H$m mJ h gmo XmoZm| hr
dVr {VZH$m w Y e H$m mJ h gmo edV h gmo dVr Zht {Zemo d{V Omo {Ze
h gmohr dVr h e Ho$ ôX VrZ mm H${ho H$nQ> {m H${ho {dnarV lmZ Aa {ZXmZ H${ho
^moJm{^bmf h VrZ e h BZHo$ Jo dVr Zm nmdo h&&33&&
JhW Vmo Ka gw V h Bg{bo AndVr h Aa {V ~Zmodmgr h gmo hmdV H$m YmaH$
h&&34&& JhW Ho$ Hw$N> amJ ^md h Aa dZmodmgr Ho$ drVamJVm h Aa Omo Vr hmo H$a amJ ^md
Ymao h gmo JhWm| go yZ h Aa Omo lmdH$ {daV {Mm h gmo gmYw gmZ h&&35&& Omo lmdH$ hm
XmdmZ h {OgHo$ g qhgm H$m mJ h Aa Wmda H$s qhgm moOZ m hr h gmo nhbm AUwdV
H${ho Aa Omo amJ go of go moh go na Ord H$mo nrS>m Z CnOmdo Aa Amo dMZ Z H$ho gmo
gdVr Zmm Xgam g AUwdV H${ho& Aa namm YZ ~T> mobm AWdm WwS> mobm {~Zm {Xm
H$Xm{MV Z bo {H$gr H$m Yam obm {dgam {Jam nS>m Z bo WmoS >o mob H$a ^mobo Ordm| Ho$ nmg go ~T>
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mobr dVw Z bo gdWm H$ma naYZ H$m n[ahma gmo VrOm AMm AUwdV H${ho Aa Omo gdWm
H$ma naXmam H$m mJ Aa {ZOXmam {df| gVmof gmo MmWm ~h M AUwdV H${ho&&39&&
Aa gwdUm{XH$ Xmgm{XH$ Aa Jh jom{XH$ n[aJh {VZH$m n[amU gmo nmMm n[aJh mU
Zmm AUwdV H${ho&&40&& Aa BZ nM AUwdV m| Ho$ Ym[am| Ho$ VrZ JwUdV Aa Mma {ejmdV hm|
h Omo {Xem H$m mU {g gmo {XdV Zmm nhbm JwUdV H${ho Omo nyd {Xem {dfo BVZr Xa
OmD$Jm Aa Jmm{XH$ H$m mU Omo Bg Jmd VH$ OmD$Jm gmo Xoe {daV Zmm XOm JwUdV H${ho
Aa AZW XS> H$m n[ahma Omo VrOm JwUdV H${ho AZW XS> Ho$ ôX nmM nmnmonXoe 1 AnmZ
2 mX Mm 3 qhgm XmZ 4 Aa nmn gy H$m ldU 5 Omo nmn H$m H$m CnXoe, mnma H$m CnXoe
IoVr H$m CnXoe Bm{X Ama^ Ho$ CnXoe, gmo nmnmonXoe H${ho& {OZ H$mm] | Ordm| H$s qhgm
gmohr nmn&&46&& Aa XOm AnmZ gmo H${ho Omo namB hma Aa AnZr OrV {dMmadmo H$ao {H$gr
H$mo maZm {H$gr H$mo ~mYZm {H$gr H$m YZ haZm Mmho BgH$m AH$mO H$go hmo Eogm {MVdZ gmo
AnmZ H${ho Aa ^y{ ImoXZm Ob T>mb
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gmo mXMm H${ho Aa {df H${Q>H$ e ApZ agm XS> MmdwH$ Am{X ~Y ~YZ Ho$ CnH$aU
XoZo AWdm em{XH$ H$m {dH$ H$aZm qhgH$ Ordm| H$m AmXa gmo qhgm XmZ H${ho&&49&&
Aa {Og H$Wm Ho$ ldU go qhgm{X nmnm| Ho$ AZwamJ H$s d{ hmo gmo Hw$H$Wm H${ho Hw$H$Wm
H$m ldU AWdm H$WZ gmo Hw$gy ldU H${ho {Og H$a nmn hr H$m ~Y hmo h AZW XS> Ho$
nmM ôX H$ho {VZH$m mJ gmo VrOm JwUdV H${ho&&50&&
A~ Mma {ejmdV gwZmo& gwI-XI ew {m{X {df| g^md Aa g~ Ordm| {dfo H$Um ^md
Aa nM naopR>>m| {df| ^pV ^md gmo gmm{H$ H${ho Aa h Mma {ejmdVm| | nhbm {ejmdV
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H$ao 4 AMm H$ao 5 Z ew{ 6 dMZ ew{ 7 H$m ew{ 8 Amhma ew{ 9 h ZdYm ^pV w{ZamO
Ho$ XmZ g lmdH$ H$ao& gmo Cm $b H$m H$maU h& ZdYm ^pV hr w{Z XmZ H$s {d{Y h&&84&&
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d{ hmo Aa dmm H$s d{ hmo gmo Amhma XoZm gVm H$m H$aUhmam XoZm Aa {dfVm H$m
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hmo&&86&& Aa nm H${ho hm nwf moj Ho$ H$maU ^yV Omo JwU {VZH$mo Ymao Aa XmVm H$mo ^d
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H$a nw H$m Amd hmo h gmo Ordm| H$mo gwI H$m H$maU h Aa qhgm{X nmnm| H$a Aew^ H$m Amd
h gmo Ordm| H$mo XI H$m H$maU h Aa qhgm{X nmnm| H$a ZH$ H$m H$maU ^r hmo h&&88&& h
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A~ ~Y H$m H$WZ H$ao h& {mXeZ Aa qhgm{X A{daV Aa mX Aa H$fm Aa Z
dMZ H$m Ho$ moJ ~Y Ho$ H$maU h&&89&& gmo {mXeZ Ho$ ôX Xmo - EH$ {ZgJ H${ho dV
d^md Aa EH$ AmonXoeV H${ho namo CnXoe go Omo {mV H$ Ho$ CX Ord Ho$ Vd H$s
lm Z hmo {dnarV lm hmo gmo {ZgJ {m XeZ H${ho&&90&& Aa AkmZr Ordm| Ho$ CnXoe
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hr Z gPo& h nmM H$ma {m XeZ VOo gmo gH$ XeZ H${ho&&92&&
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Ho$ {_`mV Aa AdV Zht Aa _mX H$fm` `moJ VrZm| h&&96&& Aa gmVd| Am JwUWmZ go
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Aa Jmo H$ H$m d^md D$M ZrM Jmo | {ZnOmdZm Aa AVam H$m d^md XmZm{XH$ {dfo
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pW{V ^r AwV h {~Zm ^wJVo Z Ny>Q>&o kmZmdUu XeZmdUr doXZr AVam BZ Mma H$m] H$s
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gmJa h Aa Mm[a moh H$s pW{V Mmbrg H$moS >m H$moS >r gmJa h h CH$Q> pW{V H$hr& Aa
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Zmm ZJa dhm ho Zmm amOm CgHo$ amZr AZw[a CgHo$ h H$ZH$mbm Zmm nw{ ^B gmo ho
ZJa H$m h[admhZ {dmYa BgZo dda {df| ~am CgHo$ h A{V ~b^m ^B EH$ {XZ {OZ nyOm
Ho$ AW h {gHy$Q> Mmb JB Vhm MmaU w{Z Ho$ wI Y ldU H$a wVmd{b Zmm Vn
AmXam Aa gm{Y aU H$a VrOo dJ gZHw$ma B Ho$ BmUr ^B& CgH$s Zd n H$s Amw
^B dJ Ho$ gwI ^moJ dhm go MB&&85&& gmo Vy amOm bjU amo Ho$ amZr Hw$a{V CgHo$ CXa go
gwbjUm Zmm nwr ^B Aa H$U dmgwXdo Ho$ nQ>amZr ^B A~ AmH$m Ho$ dV Yma rqbJ N>Xo
dJ {df| Xod hmoJr dhm go M Zw hmo wpV OmoJr&&86&&
h AnZo ^d gwbjUm gwZ H$a ^w H$mo Um H$aVr ^B {$a JmYmar Zmm H$U H$s N>R>r
nQ>amZr AnZo nyd ^d {OZo H$mo nyN>Vr ^B gmo ^w {Xd{Z H$a H$hVo ô H$meb Xoe {df|
Amom ZJar dhm amOm Xm CgHo$ nQ>amZr {dZlr gmo n{V g{hV {gmW dZ {dfo lrYa w{Z
H$mo XmZ {Xm gmo XmZ Ho$ ^md H$a Cma Hw$w ^moJ^y{ {dfo CnOr dhm go aH$a Mm Ho$ Xodr
^B CgH$m Amw n Ho$ AmR>d| ^mJ ^m&&89&& dhm go MH$a {dOm H$s Cma loUr {dfo
JJZ~b^ Zmm ZJa dhm amOm {dwJo Ho$ amZr {dwZ{V CgHo$ hm H$m{V H$s YmaH$ {dZlr
Zmm nwr ^B gmo {ZmbmoH$ nwa H$m amOm ho {dH$ CgH$mo naUmB&&91&& H$H$ {XZ | amOm
ho {dH$ MmaU w{Zm| Ho$ wI Y ldU H$a mMb na w{ZdV Ymao Aa AnZo h[admhZ
nw H$mo am {Xm&&92&& Aa amZr {dZlr AmH$m hmo gdVmo^ Zmm Vn {H$m gm{YaU
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JmYma Zmm Xoe {dfo nwH$bmdVr Zmm nwar dhm amOm B{Ja CgHo$ amZr oVr CgHo$ JmYmar
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H$s gmVdt nQ>amZr Jmar ^JdmZ go AnZo ^d nyN>Vr ^B gmo ^w H$ho h&&95&&
EH$ Bnwa Zmm ZJa dhm YZXod Zmm goR> CgHo$ edZr Zmm H$m{Zr gmo EH$ {XZ AnZo
{Xa o {VR>Vr Wr gmo AmH$mm {df| Xmo MmaU w{Zm| H$mo XoIH$a AnZo nyd ^d aU H$aVr ^B
Omo YmVH$s Zmm rn {df| nyd o$ Ho$ npM {dXoh {df| ZXemoH$ nwa o AmZX loR>r Ho$ r
Wr gmo A{{V gmJa Zmm w{Z H$mo n{V g{hV XmZ {Xm Wm gmo hmao Ka | Xodmo| Zo nMmM
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{H$o {$a âVma g{hV dfm H$m Ob {n`m gmo {df g{hV Wm Cg H$a mU VO XmZ Ho$ ^md
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goR> H$s r edZr ^B Bg ^m{V AnZo nyd ^d edZr OmZ H$a ggma go {daV ^B&&100&&
gw^ Zmm w{Z H$mo ZH$ma H$a mofYdV Jho H$B EH$ {XZ | gm{Y aU H$a gmY Ho$ BmUr
^B nmM n H$s Amw ^B&&1&& Vhm go MH$a H$mgm~r Zmm ZJar {df| gw^ Zmm goR> Ho$
gw{m Zmm r CgHo$ Y{V Zmm nwr ^B Y {df| h ~w{ {OgH$s&&2&& gmo {OZ{V AmH$m
Ho$ {ZH$Q> Vn Ya {OZoJwUgn{m Zmm dV H$a Xed| dJ hm ewH$ Zmm B Ho$ ~b^m ^B
Vhm BH$sg n H$s Amw ^moJ MB gmo amOm oM Ho$ amZr MVr CgHo$ Vy Jmar Zmm nwr
^B gmo ZmamU Ho$ nQ>amZr nX nmm&&4&&
A~ AmH$m Ho$ dV Yma rqbJ N>Xo dJ {df| Xod hmo {$a Zd ^d nm {g nX nmdoJr
h H$Wm gwZH$a Jmar h{fV ^B {$a AmR>dt nQ>amZr nXmdVr AnZo ^d naoda H$mo nyN>Vr ^B
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nwr {dblr gmo hpVerf ZJa Ho$ amOm hafoU H$mo naUmB gmo AnZo n{V g{hV daXm Zmm w{Z
H$mo Amhma XmZ {Xm EH$ g h n{V g{hV ^rVa Ho$ Ka | nmT>r Wr gmo H$UmJa Yyn H$s Yydm
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Omo mdOrd AZOmZm $b Z Îy& &11&& EH$ g MdmU Zmm ^rb CgZo AH$mV Jmd
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^B Aa o ~Xr Ho$ Za Zmar ^r ^Vo ô mJ ^yb Jo h gmo jwYm Vfm H$a nr{S>V yT> OZ {~Zm
OmZo {df $b Im H$a ydo Aa h nXXodr dVdmZ Bggo AZOmUo $b Z Îo Aa AZeZ H$a
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CgHo$ d^m Zmm Xodr ^B gmo dhm go MH$a Bg âVjo {df| OV Zmm ZJa CgH$m amOm
lrYa CgHo$ amUr lrVr {VZHo$ {dblr Zmm nwr ^B& gmo ^bnwa Ho$ amOm oKZmX H$mo naUmB
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CgHo$ oKmKmof Zmm nw ^m& gmo n{Wdr {dfo {g H$B EH$ {XZ | amOm oKZmX dJ H$mo m
^m& V~ h amZr {dblr nXmdVr Zmm AmH$m Ho$ {ZH$Q> dV Yma AmMb dZ Zmm Vn
H$a ~mahd| dJ ghma Zmm B Ho$ BmUr ^B {OgH$s Amw gmmBg n ^B&&21&& gmo dJ
Ho$ gwI ^moJ Vhm go Mr gmo A[aQ>naw ZJa H$m amOm dUZm^ CgHo$ lrVr Zmm amUr {VZHo$ Vy
nXmdVr Zmm nwr ^B gmo H$U H$mo naUr VwPo nQ>amUr H$m nX {Xm A~ Am{H$m Ho$ dV Yma
hmVn H$a rqbJ N>Xo dJ {df| Xod hmo {$a Za ^d nm w{Z dV Ya {ZamH$ma nX nmdoJr&
h H$Wm nXmdVr gwZH$a A{V g ^B mZmo wpV hr nmB&&23&& Bg ^m{V ^yYa H$s AmR>m|
nQ>amZr Ho$ ^d ^JdmZ H$ho {\$a ~b^ H$s _mVm amohUr Aa Ho$ed H$s _mVm XodH$s `h XmoZm| Aa
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dmVo {JaZma go XoemVa H$mo {dhma {H$m& gy H$m {dhma OJV Ho$ H$mU Ho$ dmVo h Vgo
{OZamO H$m {dhma OJV Ordm| Ho$ H$mU Ho$ dmVo h&&26&&
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g`pQ> MmWo JwUR>mUo AdVr h-Vm h {Z`_{df h o_ {OZHo$ gmo g`H$XeZ Ho$ gmXgy
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hrZ Xod hm|`, ~h[a ggma^_U H$a&
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rOZm| Ho$ Z H$mo haUhmar h H$m{V {OZH$s O~ JOHw$ma VU ô V~ dmgwXdo Bg ^mB Ho$
naUmdo dmVo AZoH$ amOmAm| H$s nwr mMt Aa EH$ gmoem Zmm {d CgHo$ j{m Zmm r
CgHo$ gmom Zmm nwr gmo A{V $ndmZ gmo Cggo {JaYmar Zo JOHw$ma H$m {ddmh Ama^m gmo g~
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hm Jb g{hV {OZoda Ho$ XeZ H$mo Mbo&&31&&
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JOHw$ma OmZr Omo lr Zo{Hw$ma ~mBgdo VrWH$a OJV Ho$ VmaH$ hmao de$n AmH$me {dfo gy
gmZ JQ>o h {VZHo$ XeZm| H$mo g~ Om h do oao ~m~m Ho$ nw h Aa OJV Ho$ ZmW h Eogm OmZ
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{VZH$mo ggma Ho$ {VaZo H$m Cnm aZ $n Y CgH$m {ZnU H$aVo Wo&&35&&
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VrZ e Ho$ Zme H$aZhmao Aa w{Zm| Ho$ B w{ZgwdV 20, Aa Z{ZmW 21, h BH$sg
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hmdra h Xmo hmoZhma h& h Mm~rg VrWH$am| Ho$ Zm H$ho gmo BZ Mm~rgm| | AmR> Vmo nyd ^d
{df| O~yrn Ho$ {dXoh Ho$ Aa nmM nyd ^d {df| âVjo Ho$ Aa gmV YmVH$s IS> rn Ho$ Aa
Mma nwH$am Ho$ rn Ho$&&43&&
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H$s nyd ^d H$s H$mem~r Zmm nwar Aa Zo{ZmW H$m nyd ^d H$m nwa hVZmnwa Aa nmdZmW H$s
nyd O H$s Amom Zmm nwar Aa hmdra H$m nyd O H$m N>mH$ma Zmm nwa h nmM âVjo
Ho$ nwa OmZm|&&46&&
Aa gw{VZmW H$s nyd ^d H$s YmVH$s IS> rn H$s nwS>arH$Ur Zmm nwar Aa nX^ H$s
nyd ^d H$s YmVH$s IS> Zmm rn H$s gwgrm ZJar AIS> h br {Og {df| Aa gwnmdZmW
H$s nyd ^d H$s jonwar YmVH$s IS> rn {df| {g Aa M^ H$m nyd ^d H$m aZgM Zmm
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{df| A[aQ>naw Zmm ZJa gmo AZVZmW Ho$ nyd ^d H$m nwa OmZmo&&50&& Aa YmVH$s IS> {df| nhbm
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hmdb 4, A{V~b 5, Anam{OV 6, Z{XfoU 7, nX 8, hmnX 9, Aa nXJw 10, Z{bZ
Jw 11, nXmoma 12, nXmgZ 13, nX 14, XeaW 15, oKaW 16, qghaW 17, YZn{V 18,
dldU 19, lrYm 20, {gmW 21, gw{VQ> 22, AmZX 23, ZXZ 24, h Mm~rg nyd O
Ho$ Zm H$ho {VZ| gw{VQ> oam Zm Wm gw{VQ> Ho$ ^d go OV Zmm {dmU {df| Jm Vhm
go MH$a ZoZmW ^m&&56&& Aa nhbm {OZda df^ gmo Vmo nyd ^d {df| dOZm{^ MH$dVu Wo
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Aa w{Z hmo MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r ô Aa g~ nyd ^d {df| hm S>bo da amOm Wo Aa mah AJ
Ho$ nmR>r Wo Aa nydm} {df| ^r ~moY Wm Aa H$ZH$ gmZ ^m Ho$ YmaH$ Wo Aa g~ hr nyd ^d {df|
qgh{ZH$sS>Vm{X Vnm| Ho$ H$aUhmao Aa EH$ mg m mmonJZ gmg Ho$ YaUhmao Aa g~ hr
Wmmo dJbmoH$ Jo Vhm go MH$a VrW}da ô&&58&&
Aa BZHo$ nyd ^dm| Ho$ Xrjm XmH$ Jw {VZHo$ Zm gwZmo& dOgZo 1, AarX 2, d^ 3,
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dOXm 11, dOZm{^ 12, gdJw 13, {Jw 14, {Mmmaj 15, {dbdmhZ 16, YZaW 17,
g~a 18, daY 19, gwZX 21, drVemoH$ 22, Xma 23, moQ>b 24, h Mm~rg nyd ^d Ho$
BZHo$ Xrjm Jw h g~ hr dXZ mo Vw{V H$aZo mo {Zb AmMma Ho$ YmaH$ gda H$a emo{^V
moj Ho$ yb OmZmo&&64&&
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{dmU go Amo&&65&& Aa M^ Aa gw{VZmW h XmoZm| dOV {dmU go Amo Zo{ZmW Aa
pbZmW h XmoZm| Anam{OV Zmm {dmZ go Amo h nMmZwma Ho$ Amo H$ho& Aa nwnXV nhd|
AmaU Zmm dJ Vhm go Amo Aa erVbZmW AwV Zmm gmobhdm dJ Vhm Ho$ nwnmoma Zmm
{dmZ go Amo Aa lomgZmW Aa AZVZmW Aa hmdra h ~mahdm ghma Zmm dJ Vhm go
Amo&&67&&
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Ho$ {Xdg H$ho h G$f^Xod H$m O M ~Xr Zdr Aa A{OV H$m mK gwXr Xer Aa g^dZmW
H$m mJ{ea gwXr nyU mgr Aa A{^ZXZ H$m mK gwXr dmag Aa gw{VZmW H$m lmdU gwXr
mag Aa nX^ H$m H$m{VH$ dXr Voag Aa gwnmdZmW H$m OoR> gwXr ~mag Aa M^ H$m nmof
~Xr mag Aa nwnXV H$m mJ{ea gwXr nS>dm Aa erVbZmW H$m mh ~Xr ~mag&&74&&
Aa lomgZmW H$m $mJwU ~Xr mag Aa dmgwny H$m $mJwU ~Xr MmXe Aa {db ZmW
H$m mh gwXr MmXe Aa AZVZmW H$m OoR> ~Xr ~mag Aa YZmW H$m mh gwXr Voag Aa
empVZmW H$m OoR> ~Xr MmXe Aa Hw$WwZmW H$m ~gmI gwXr nS>dm Aa AaZmW H$m mJ{ea gwXr
MmXe Aa pbZmW H$m mJ{ea gwXr mag Aa w{ZgwdV H$m AmgmoO gwXr dmag Aa Z{ZmW
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H$m AmfmT> dXr Xer Aa ZoZmW H$m dgmI gwXr Voag Aa nmdZmW H$m nmof ~Xr mag
hmdra H$m M gwXr Voag h g~ hr VrWo da ZmH$ Aa AZVdr Ho$ YmaH$ h hm{Zb
d$n h empV Ho$ H$mm h AmVmn Ho$ hmm h BZH$s {hm Ho$dbkmZ hr J h h g~ gmZ
h H$mb Ho$ moJH$a Amw H$s Aa H$m H$s bKwVm Aa XrKVm h Aa {H$gr H$ma bKwVm XrKVm
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O^y{ Aa {OZ djm| Ho$ ZrMo Xrjm Ymar gmo dj Aa {ZdmU ^y{ o H$h gy gmo Vy gwZ& Bg ^m{V
Ho$ed H$mo Zo{ {OZo H$hVo ô Aa amOm lo{UH$ go JmV dmr H$hVo ô G$f^ Xod H$m {nVm
Zm{^ mVm Xodr Aa O Zj CmamfmT> Aa O^y{ Amom Aa Xrjm YaZo H$m dj ~S>
Aa {ZdmU^y{ H$bme Aa A{OV H$m {nVm amOm {OVew mVm {dOm O Zj amohUr
O^y{ Amom Aa Xrjmdj gN>X Aa {ZdmU^y{ goX {eIa&&84&&
Aa g^dZmW H$m {nVm amOm {OVma Aa mVm goZmamUr Aa oR>m Zj Aa Onwar
lmdVr Aa Xrjm H$m dj Aa {ZdmU^y{ goX {eIa h VrWH$am| Ho$ mVm {nVm{XH$ Vwhmar
ajm H$amo Aa VwH$mo AmZX Ho$ dmVo hmoh Aa A{^ZXZ H$m {nVm amOm g~a Aa mVm {gmWm
nwar Amom Aa O H$m nwZdgw Zj Aa gab Om{V H$m Xrjm dj Aa {ZdmU^y{ goX
{eIa Aa gw{VZmW H$m {nVm amOm oK^ Aa gwJ bm Zmm OZZr Aa OZj Km Aa
Onwar Amom Aa Xrjm dj {Jw Aa {ZdmU jo goX {eIa& h ^JdmZ gw{VZmW VwPo
gw{V Xodm Aa nX^ H$m {nVm amOm YaU mVm amUr gwgrm Aa OZj {Mm Aa Onwar
H$mem~r Aa Xrjmdj {Jw Aa wpVjo goX {eIa&&88&& ^JdmZ nX^w VwPo Jb Ho$
XmVm hmodmo Aa gwnmdZmW H$m {nVm amOm gw{VQ> mVm amUr n{Wdr Aa O Zj {demIm Aa
Onwar H$mer Aa Xrjmdj {garf Aa {ZdmU^y{ goX {eIa&&89&&
Aa M^ H$m {nVm amOm hmgoZ Aa mVm bUm O^y{ Mnwa OZj AZwamYm
Aa Xrjm V ZmJdj {ZdmU jo goX {eIa&&90&& Aa nwnXV H$m {nVm amOm gwJr d Aa
mVm amZr amm Aa OZj yb Onwar H$mH$Xr Aa XrjmV em{bdj Aa wpVjo goX
{eIa Eogo nwnXV VwPo nanX Ho$ XmVm hmoh& &91&& Aa erVbZmW H$m {nVm amOm T>aW Aa mVm
amZr gwZXm Aa Onwar ^bm OZj nydmfmT>m Aa Xrjm H$m nbmg dj Aa wpVjo goX
{eIa&&92&& Aa lomgZmW H$m {nVm amOm {dUw Aa mVm {dUwlr Aa OZj ldU Aa
O^y{ qghZmXnwa Aa Xrjmdj {VXH$ Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa h lomgZmW VwPo
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H$mU Ho$ H$Vm hmodmo&&93&& Aa dmgwny H$m {nVm amOm dgwny Aa mVm amUr nQ>bm Aa
OZj gV{^fm Aa Onwar Mnmnwa Aa Xrjmdj OmKr n Aa {ZdmU^yr Mnmnwar hr
OmZmo&&94&&
Aa {dbZmW H$m {nVm amOm H$Vdm Aa mVm amZr em Aa O Zj Cmam^mnXm Aa
Onwar H$m{n Aa Xrjm H$m O~ydj
Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa h ^JdmZ {db VwPo
{Zb H$amo Aa Voar e hamo&&95&& Aa AZVZmW H$m O amOm qghgoZ Aa OZZr gdem
Aa Onwar Amom Aa OZj aodVr Aa Xrjmdj nrnb Aa wpVjo goX {eIa h
^JdmZ AZV Vw ^ Ordm| H$mo AVa{hV H$amo&&96&& YZmW H$m {nVm amOm ^mZw Aa mVm
amZr gwdV m Aa OZj nw Aa O^y{ aZnwa Aa Xrjmdj X{YnU Aa wpVjo goX
{eIa Eogo YZmW Vw ^ Ordm| H$mo Y Ho$ XmVm hmodmo&&97&& Aa empVZmW H$m {nVm amOm
{ddgoZ Aa mVm amZr Eoam Aa OZj âUr Aa O^y{ hpVZmJnwa Aa Xrjmdj ZXr
Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa do empV {OZoda VwH$mo na em{V Ho$ H$Vm hmodmo&&98&& Aa
Hw$WwZmW H$m {nVm amOm gy Aa mm lrVr Aa OZj H${VH$m Aa O^y{ hpVZmJnwa
Aa Xrjmdj {VbH$V Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa do Hw$Ww {OZoda Vwhmao Xmof {Zdmamo {$a
AaZmW H$m {nVm gwXeZ Aa mVm gw{m Aa OZj amohUr O^y{ hpVZmJnwa Aa
Xrjmdj Am Aa {ZdmU goX {eIa dh AaZmW dmr Vwhmao Aew^ H$ {Zdmamo&&100&&
Aa pbZmW H$m {nVm amOm Hw$^ Aa mVm amZr a{jVm Aa OZj AdZr Ama Aa
O^y{ {{Wbmnwa Xrjmdm AemoH$ Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa dh ^JdmZ pb Vwhmao
amJm{XH$ b hamo Aa w{ZgwdV ZmW H$m {nVm gw{ Aa mVm amUr nXmdVr Aa OZj ldU
Aa O^y{ Hw$emJnaw Aa Xrjmdj MnH$ Aa wpVjo goX {eIa dh ^JdmZ w{ZgwdV
VwH$mo na AmZX Ho$ XmH$ hmodmo Aa Z{ZmW H$m {nVm amOm {XO Aa mVm amUr dm Aa
OZj AdZr Aa Onwar {{Wbm Aa Xrjmdj dmbgar Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa dh
^JdmZ Z{ZmW {Vhmao Aew ^md hamo H$moY, mZ, mm, bmo^ H$s {Zd{ m H$amo&&3&& Aa
Zo{ZmW H$m {nVm gw{dO mVm {edmXodr OZj {Mm O^y{ gmn aw Aa Xrjmdj
oflUr Aa {ZdmU^y{ {JaZma {Ja&&4&& Aa nmdZmW H$m {nVm amOm AdgoZ Aa mVm amZr
dmm Aa OZj {demIm Aa Onwar dmUmagr {OgH$m Zm H$mer ^r H$ho h Aa Xrjmdj
^d Aa {ZdmUjo goX {eIa Aa hmdra H$m {nVm amOm {gmW mVm amZr {H$m[aUr Aa
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OZj Cma$mJwUr Aa O^y{ Hw$S>bnwa Aa Xrjm H$m gmb dj Aa {ZdmU nmdmnwa dh

^JdmZ A{V VrWH$a {Vhmao H$ {Zdmamo Aa AmZX Ho$ H$Vm hmodmo&&6&&
Xrjm YaZo Ho$ dj h {VZH$mo M dj ^r H$ho h gmo hmdra Ho$ Vmo h ~mrg YZwf D$Mm h
Aa A g~m| Ho$ Xoh H$r CVm go mXe JwU h Aa {ZdmU JZ Ho$ Zj H$ho h gwnmdZmW H$m
{ZdmUZj AZwamYm Aa M^w H$m {ZdmUZj oR>m Aa lomg H$m Y{ZQ>m Zj Aa
dmgwny H$m Zj ApdZr {dbZmW H$m âUr Aa hmdra H$m dmVr Zj Aa A g~m| Ho$
OZj hr {ZdmU Zj OmZmo h {ZdmU H$mm Ho$ Zj H$ho Aa em{V, Hw$Ww, Aa, h VrZ
VrWH$a Vmo MH$o da hr ô Aa A g~ VrW}da hm S>bo da ô&&10&&
Aa M^ nwnXV h Xmo ewb dU ô Aa w{ZgwdV Aa ZoZmW h XmoZm| AOZ {Ja
gmZ m gwXa ô& Aa nX^w H$b Ho$ aJ gmZ AU ô& Aa dmgwny Ho$gybm Ho$ nwn
gmZ AU dU ô Aa gwnmdZmW {Jw {U gmZ h[aV dU ô Aa nmdZmW oK KQ>m
gmZ gwXa dU ô Aa A gmobh gmobhdmZr Ho$ Vmo dU dU gmZ OmZmo Aa w{ZgwdV Aa
Zo h XmoZm| nhboo H$U dU H$ho {VZ| w{ZgwdV Vmo AOZ {Ja gmZ m OmZmo Aa ZoZmW
ZrbH$R> Omo ya CgHo$ H$R> gmZ dU OmZmo&&14&&
Aa dmgwny pbZmW ZoZmW nmdZmW hmdra h nmM Vmo Hw$ma H$mb {df| w{Z ô
Bhm|Zo {ddmh Z {H$m Aa amO ^r Z {H$m Aa A g~ amOm ô Aa {ddmh {H$o Aa amO VO
dam ô&&15&& Aa G$^f H$m Vn H$mUH$ {dZVmnwar {df| Aa Zo{ H$m Vn H$mUH$ m[aH$m
{df| Aa A g~m| H$m O^y{ {df| Vn H$mUH$ OmZm|&&16&& Aa pbZmW nmdZmW h
Vmo Xrjm {bo nrN>o Vobo nmaZo H$m Zo H$aVo ô Aa dmgwny dmr BH$Vam Cndmg YmaVo ô
Aa g~ ~obo nmaUr H$aVo ô Aa G$f^ Xod W N> hrZo Cndmg YmaV ô {$a N> hrZo H$m
AVam ^m& Aa Cg nrN>o ~obo nmaUm hr {H$m Aa lomgZmW gw{VZmW Aa pbZmW h
VrZm| nydmhZ g Xrjm YmaVo ô Aa g~ AnamhZ H$mb {df| Vn YmaVo ô G$f^ Xod Vmo
{gmW dZ {df| w{Z ô Aa hmdra kmV dZ {df| {OZXrmm Ymar Aa dmgwny H$sS>m
o mZ Zmm
dZ {df| dam Ymam Aa YZmW dH$m Zmm dZ {df| {daV ô nmdZmW Zmoam Zmm CmZ
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ghm Zmm dZ {df| drVamJVm YmaVo ô&&21&&
A~ Mm~rgm| {OZamOmo H$s Vn H$mUH$ nmb{H$m| Ho$ Zm H$ho h - gwXeZm 1, gw^m 2,
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{gmWm 3, AW{gm 4, A^H$ar 5, {Zd{ VH$ar 6, Zmoam 7, Zmoham 8, gy ^m 9, ewH$ ^m

10, {db^m 11, nwn^m 12, XodXmm 13, gJaXmm 14, ZmJXmm 15, {gmW {g{H$m 16,
{dO`m 17, dOVr 18, OVr 19, Anam{OVm 20, Cma 21, XodHw$ 22, {dbm^m 23,
Mm^m 24, h Mm~rg {OZdam| H$s AZwH$ | Mm~rg nmbH$s OmZZr&&26&&
A~ Mm~rgm| H$s Xrjm{V{W H$ho h G$f^Xod H$s M dXr 1, Aa w{ZgwdV H$s demI ~Xr
Zdr Aa Hw$W Zw mW H$s demI gwXr nS>dm Aa gw{VZmW H$s demI gwXr Zdr Aa AZVZmW
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Z{ZmW H$s AmfmT> ~Xr Xer Aa ZoZmW H$s gm~U gwXr MmW Aa nX^ H$s H$m{VH$ ~Xr
Voag Aa hmdra H$s mJ{ea ~Xr Xer Aa nwnXV H$s mJ{ea gwXr nS>dm&&32&& Aa AaZmW
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EH$mXer Aa M^ Aa nmdZmW BZ XmoZm| H$s nmf ~Xr EH$mXer&&34&& Aa erVbZmW H$s
mh~Xr mXer Aa {dbZmW H$s hm gwXr MVwWu Aa A{OVZmW H$s mh gwXr Zdr Aa
A{^ZXZ H$s mh gwXr mXer Aa YZmW H$s mh gwXr moXer&&36&& Aa lomgZmW H$s
$mJwU ~Xr Voag Aa dmgwny H$s $mJwU ~Xr MmXe&&37&& h g~m| H$s Xrjm {V{W OmZm| Aa
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H$mmH$ Vnwa 23, Hw$S>naw 24 h Mm~rgm| {OZamO Ho$ W nmaUm Ho$ nwa H$ho& A~ W nmaUm
XoZhmam| Ho$ AZwH$ go Zm H$ho h gmo Vw gwZmo& amOm lomg 1 ~h Xm 2, gwa| Xm 3, BXm 4,
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gZ 21, ~aXm 22, Y 23, dHw$b 24, h Mm~rgm| W nmaUm XoZhmamo Ho$ Zm H$ho h gmo hm
^ h BZ g~mo Ho$ nMmM ô&&51&& gmo gmT>o ~mah H$mo{S > Aa BVZo hr hOma aZ df}&&52&&
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Aa BZ Mm~rgm| W nmaUm XoZhmam| Ho$ Am{X Ho$ Xmo Vmo mgwXa Aa g~ Vmo hE gwdU
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nmdZmW CZH$mo Vmo Vobm VrV ô Ho$db CnOm Aa dmgwny H$mo EH$ Cndmg Ho$ XOo {XZ
Ho$db CnOm Aa g~m| H$mo ~obm VrV ô Ho$db CnOm&&55&& A~ Mm~rgm| {OZamOm| Ho$ Ho$db
H$mUH$ Ho$ jo H$ho h& G$f^Xod H$m Ho$db H$mUH$ Vmo nwa{Vmb Zmm ZJa CgHo$ {ZH$Q>
gH$Q>mwI Zmm dZ {df| Aa ZoZmW H$m {JaZma {Ja Aa nmdZmW H$m H$mer Ho$ {ZH$Q>&&56&&
Aa hmdra H$m G$OwH$y bm Zmm ZXr Ho$ VQ> Aa VrWH$am| H$m Ho$db H$mUH$ hm Zmoha dZm|
{df| hmoVm ^m&&&57&&
Aa G$f^Xod lomgZmW pbZmW Aa ZoZmW nmdZmW BZH$mo Vmo Ho$dbkmZ H$s Cn{m
^mV g ^B Aa Amam| H$mo Ho$dbmon{m {XZ Ho$ {nN>bo nha ^B&&58&& Aa G$f^Xod Ho$ Ho$db
CnOZo H$s {V{W Vmo $mJwU ~Xr EH$mXer Aa pbZmW H$s $mJwU ~Xr mXer Aa w{ZgwdV H$s
$mJwU ~Xr N>R> Aa gwnmdZmW M^ BZ XmoZm| H$s $mJwU ~Xr gr Aa nmdZmW H$s MV ~Xr
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MV gwXr Xer Aa gw{VZmW Aa nX^ H$s ^r MV gwXr Xer Aa hmdra H$s demI gwXr
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H$m{VH$ gwXr VVrm {$a AaZmW H$s H$m{VH$ gwXr mXer&&63&& Aa erVbZmW H$s nmf dXr
MmXe Aa {dbZmW H$s nmf gwXr Xer Aa em{VZmW H$s nmf gwXr mag Aa A{OVZmW H$s
nmf gwXr mag Aa A{^ZXZ Aa YZmW H$s nmf gwXr nyU mgr&&65&& Aa lomgZmW H$s mh
~Xr Amdm Aa dmgwny H$s mh gwXr XmoO&&66&& h Mm~rgm| VrWH$am| H$s Ho$db CnOZo
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AaZmW BZ XmoZm| H$s MV ~Xr ~mag Aa A{OVZmW H$s MV gwXr nMr Aa g^dZmW H$r gwX
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Aa M^ H$s ^mXdm gwXr gr nwnXV H$s ^mXdm gwXr AQ>r Aa erVbZmW H$s AmgmoO
gwXr nMr Aa hmdra H$s H$m{VH$ ~Xr MVwXe
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{XZ Ho$ n{hbo nha wV ô Aa g^d nX^ nwnXV, h {XZ Ho$ {nN>bo nha wV ô Aa
dmgwny {db AZVZmW em{VZmW H$w WwZmW pbZmW w{ZgwdV Zo{ZmW nmdZmW, BZH$s
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h&&80&& Aa G$f^ dmgwny Aa Z{ZmW Vmo nXmgZ go wV ô Aa g~ H$mmogJ AmgZ go
wV ô Aa Am{X VrWH$a A{V VrWH$a BZHo$ Xmo Ho$ Vmo MmXh {XZ nhbr gmogaZ {dKQ>m
Aa {X d{Z {IaZoVo ahr Aa g~m| Ho$ gmogaU EH$ hrZo nhbo {dKQ>o Aa {Xd{Z {IaZo
go ahr&&82&&
AWmZVa - Mm~rgm| {OZ|m| Ho$ gmW {OVZo wV Jo {VZH$s gm H$ho h& hmdra Ho$ gmW
N>mrg w{Z wV ô Aa nmdZmW Ho$ gmW nmM gm N>mrg Aa BVZo hr ZoZmW Aa pbZmW
Ho$ gmW nmM gm w{Z Aa em{VZmW Ho$ gmW Zd gm w{Z Aa YZmW Ho$ gmW AmR> gm EH$ w{Z
Aa {dbZmW Ho$ gmW N> hOma N> gmo ~mam&&84&& Aa AZVZmW Ho$ gmW gmV hOma nmM gm gmV
Aa nX^ Ho$ gmW VrZ hOma AmR> gm Aa G$f^Xod Ho$ gmW Xe hOma Aa ~mH$s VrWH$am| Ho$
gmW EH$ EH$ hOma OmZm|& h Mm~rgm| Ho$ gmW w{Z wV ô {VZH$m H$WZ {H$m&&86&&
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hmnX, h[afoU, OgoZ, ~h Xm h ~mah MH$dVu fQ> IS>m|o Ho$ ZmH$ h& A~ Zd ZmamU
{VZHo$ Zm H$ho h - {nR> 1 {nR> 2 d^y 3 nwfmom 4 nwfqgh 5 nwS>arH$ 6 Xm 7 bU
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h&&90&& Aa BZHo$ ~S>o ^mB ~b^ {VZHo$ Zm gwZmo& {dO, AMb, gwY, gw^, gwXeZ, ZXr,
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Aa ZmamU Ho$ ew {VZmamU Zd {VZHo$ Zm gwZmo AdJrd, VmaH$, oH$, {Ze^,w
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D$Jmr h& BZ nyd ^d {df| ^moJm{^bmf a{hV Vn {H$m Aa AMH$s h[a {Vh[a BZ {ZXmZ
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Ho$ g ^m Aa XOm gJa A{OVZmW Ho$ g ^m Aa VrOm Kdm Aa MmWm gZHw$ma h
YZmW H$mo wV ô nrN>o em{VZmW Ho$ nhbo ô Aa em{V, H$Ww ,w AaZmW h VrZ MH$dVu
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pbZmW go nhbo ô&&96&& Aa pbZmW H$mo wpV ô nrN>o w{ZgwdV ZmW go nhbr Zd |
hmnX MH$dVu ô Aa w{ZgwdV nrN>o Aa Z{ZmW nhbo Xe| MH$dVu h[afoU ô Aa
Z{ZmW nrN>o Zo{ZmW n{hbo mahdo MH$dVu OgoZ ô Aa ZoZmW nrN>o Aa nmdZmW nhbo
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~h Xm ^r Cgr OJh Aa VrOm Kdm Aa MmWm gZHw$ma h XmoZm| VrOo dJXdo ô& ~mH$s
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h hmnwf wpV hr Ho$ A{YH$mar h&&99&&
A~ Zd ZmamU H$mZ g ô gmo gwZmo& nhbm ZmamU Vmo lomgZmW Ho$ g ^m Aa
XOm dmgwny Ho$ g ^m Aa VrOm {dbZmW Ho$ g ^m Aa MmWm AZVZmW Ho$ g ^m
Aa nmMdm YZmW Ho$ g ^m& h nmM Vmo lomgZmW go boH$a YZmW Ho$ g nV ô&
nhbo ZmamU {nQ> Cgo Am{X Xod nwfqgh nV h nmM ZmamU Vmo nmM VrWH$am| Ho$ g ô
Aa N>R>m nwS>arH$ Zmm ZmamU AaZmW nrN>o Aa pbZmW nhbo ^m Aa pbZmW nrN>o Aa
w{ZgwdV nhbo gmVdm Xm Zmm ZmamU ^m&&100&& Aa w{ZgwdV Ho$ nrN>o Aa Z{ZmW Ho$
n[hbo AmR>dm ZmamU bU ^m& Aa Zdm ZmamU H$U ZoZmW Ho$ g h gmo j ZoZmW
H$mo nX Zmm ~b^ g{hV Y Ho$ Z H$ao h&&1&& BZ| nhbm {nQ> Vmo mKdr nYmao Aa XOm
{nR> VrOm d`^y MmWm nwfmom_ nmMdm nwfqgh Aa N>R>m nwS>arH$ `h nmM _Ydr nYmao Aa
gmVdm Xm A[aQ>m nYmao AmR>dm Ama Zdm oKm h g~ {ZdmU Ho$ A{YH$mar h&&2&& Ama
~{b^ Zd {VZ| {dO, AMb, dY, gw^, gwXeZ, ZXr, ZXr{, amM, h AmR> Vmo
AmR>m| H$ Inm na Ym nYmao Ama Zdm nXZmm ~bXod H$U H$m oR> ^mVm w{ZdV Ya
nmMdm ~h dJ Vhm Xod hmodJ| o Ama H$U VrW}da nX Yma|Jo {VZHo$ g ~b^ {g nX
nmdJo &o h g~ ebmH$m nwf {g jo Ho$ nm h&
AWmZVa - Mm~rgm| VrWH$am| Ho$ eara H$s CVm H$ho h& G$f^Xod H$m eara D$Mm YZwf
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nmM gm Ama A{OVZmW H$m gmT>o Mma gm Ama g^dZmW H$m Mma gm A{^ZXZ H$m gmT>o VrZ gm
Aa gw{VZmW H$m VrZ gm, nXZmW H$m AT>mB gm Aa gwnmdZmW H$m Xmo gm M^ H$m S>To >
gm nwnXV H$m gm YZwf& hm VH$ nMmg nMmg YZwf KQ>o erVbZmW H$m eara YZwf Zdo lomg
H$m YZwf Agr dmgwny gma, {db H$m gmR> AZVZmW H$m nMmg hm VH$ Xe Xe YZwf KQ>o
YZmW H$m eara YZwf nVmbrg empVZmW H$m Mmbrg Hw$WwZmW H$m nVrg, AaZmW H$m Vrg
pbZmW H$m nrg w{ZgwdV H$m ~rg, Z{ZmW H$m nh, ZoZmW H$m Xe YZwf hm VH$ nmM
nmM YZwf KQ>o Aa nmdZmW H$m eara Zd hmW Ama dmZ H$m gmV hmW h VrWH$am| H$s Xoh
H$s D$MmB H$hr Aa MH$d{Vm| Ho$ Xoh H$s CVm H$ho h nhbo MH$d{V H$m Xoh YZwf nmM gm D$Mm
Xgao H$m gmT>o Mma gm Vrgao H$m YZwf gmS>o {dmbrg MmWo H$m gmT>o BH$Vmbrg nmMd| H$m Mmbrg
N>R>o H$m nVrg gmVd| H$m AmR>d| H$m AR>mBg Zd| H$m ~mBg Xed| H$m ~rg mahd| H$m MmXh
~mahd| H$m YZwf gmV& h MH$d{Vm| Ho$ eara D$MmB H$hr&&9&&
A~ Zd ZmamU Ama Zd {VZmamU Aa Zd ~b^ BZHo$ eara H$s D$MmB H$ho h& YZwf
Agr, gma, gmR>, nMnZ, Mmbrg, N>~rg, ~mBg, gmobh Aa Xe YZwf h D$MmB ZmamU
{VZmamU Aa ~b^m| Ho$ eara H$s H$hm ZmamU {VZmamU ~b^ h VrZ nXdt Ho$ YmaH$
EH$ g | hmod| Bg{bo H$m H$s D$MmB Vmo VrZm| H$m gmZ h Aa Amw o qH${MV ôX h gmo
AmJo H${hoJm&
A~ Mm~rgmo VrWH $am| H$s Amw H$ho h& G$f^Xod H$s Amw Mmamgr bmI nyd Ama A{OVZmW
H$s ~hma bmI nyd g^dZmW H$s gmR> bmI nyd A{^ZXZ H$s nMmg bmI nyd gw{VZmW
Mmbrg bmI nyd nX^ H$s Vrg bmI nyd gwnmdZmW H$s ~rg bmI nyd M^ H$s Xe bmI
nyd nwnXV H$s Xmo bmI nyd Ama erVbZmW H$s EH$ bmI nyd& hm VH$ nyd H$s Amw ^B Ama
lomg H$s Mmamgr bmI df dmgwny H$s ~hma bmI df {dbZmW H$s gmR> bmI df AZV
ZmW H$s Vrg bmI df YZmW H$s Xg bmI df em{VZmW H$s EH$ bmI df&&31&& Aa
Hw$WwZmW H$s {nMmUd| hOma df AaZmW H$s Mmamgr hOma df Ama pbZmW H$s nMnZ hOma
df w{ZgwdV H$s Vrg hOma df Z{ZmW H$s Xg hOma df Zo{ZmW H$s EH$ hOma df, nmdZmW
H$s gm df hmdra H$s ~hma df& h VrWH$am| H$s Amw H$hr& dh VrWH$a VwPo Jb Ho$ H$Vm
hmoAmo&&15&&
Ama ~mah MH$d{Vm| H$s Amw H$ho h& nhbm âV CgH$s Amw Mmamgr bmI nyd Ama Xgao
H$s ~hma bmI nyd Vrgao H$s nmM bmI nyd, MmWo H$s VrZ bmI df nmMd| H$s EH$ bmI df
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N>R>o H$s {nMmZd| hOma df gmVd| H$s Mmamgr hOma df, AmR>d| H$s gmR> hOma df, Zd| H$r Vrg
hOma df, Xed| H$s N>~rg hOma df, mahd| H$s VrZ hOma df, ~mahd| H$s gmV gm df, h
MH$dVu H$s Amw H$hr& A~ ZmamUm| H$s Amw gwZmo& nhbo H$s Mmamgr bmI df, Xgao H$s ~hma
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Aa {VZmamUm| H$s ^r Bg hr H$ma OmZZr Aa ~b^m| H$s Amw H$Nw> A{YH$ h&&21&&
gmo H$ho h - nhbo ~b^ H$s Amw gmmgr bmI df, Aa Xgao H$s gma bmI df, Vrgao ~b^
H$s ngR> bmI df, MmWo H$s ~mrg bmI df, nmMd| H$s Hw$N> EH$ A{YH$ Xe bmI df, N>R>o
H$s ngR> hOma df, gmVd| H$s ~mrg hOma df, AmR>d| H$s gVah hOma df, Zd| H$s ~mah gm
df&&22&& Aa ^JdmZ Am{XZmW go bo Aa Y_ZmW n`V nh VrWH$am| _| G$f^ Aa A{OV
Ho$ g_` nhbm Aa Xgam MH$dVu ^`m Aa AVamb {df| H$moB nXdr Ya Z ^`m Aa lo`mgZmW
AVamb {df| H$moB nXdr Ya Z ^m Aa lomgZmW go bo` Aa YZmW nV nmM VrWH$am| Ho$
g nmM ZmamU ô gmo VrWH$am| Ho$ g hr ô AVamb {df| Z ô Aa YZmW nrN>o VrOm
MH$dVu Aa MmWm MH$dVu ^m Cg nrN>o em{V, Hw$Ww, AaZmW h VrWH$a MH$dVu ^r ô {$a
Cg nrN>o N>R>m ZmamU ^m Cg nrN>o AmR>dm MH$dVu ^m&&32&& Cg nrN>o pbZmW ô Aa
pbZmW nrN>o Zdm MH$dVu hmnX ^m& Cg nrN>o gmVdm ZmamU ^m {$a w{ZgwdV ZmW
ô Aa Cg nrN>o Xedm h[afoU MH$dVu ^m Cg nrN>o AmR>dm ZmamU ^m Aa Z{ZmW nrN>o
madm MH$dVu ^m Cg nrN>o ZoZmW ô {VZHo$ g Zd| ~b^ Aa ZmamU ô Aa ZoZmW
nrN>o ~mahdm MH$dVr Cg nrN>o nmdZmW Aa hmdra hmodJo &o Bg ^m{V ebmH$m nwf ô&
AWmZVa - VrWH$am| H$s Amw H$s {dJ{V H$ao h& G$f^Xod H$m Hw$ma H$mb ~rg bmI nyd
Aa amO ogR> bmI nyd Aa Vn hOma df Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ {dfo hOma df KmQ> EH$ bmI
nyd h Mmamgr bmI nyd H$m {dVma H$hm& Aa A{OVZmW H$m Hw$ma H$mb AR>mah bmI nyd Aa
ammdWm onZ Aa EH$ nydmJ A{YH$ Mmamgr bmI df H$m EH$ nydmJ H${ho h Aa g H$mb
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h ~hma bmI nyd H$m {dVma H$hm& Aa g^dZmW H$s Amw gmR> bmI nyd Cg| Hw$ma H$mb
nh bmI nyd Aa am AdWm Mdmbrg bmI nyd Aa Mma nydmJ Aa g H$mb MmXh df
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{dVma H$hm&
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Aa A{^ZXZ H$m Amw nMmg bmI nyd {VZ| Hw$ma H$mb gmT>o ~mah bmI nyd Aa am
AdWm gmT>o N>mrg bmI nyd Aa AmR> nydmJ Aa gH$mb df AR>mah Aa Ho$db H$mUH$
{dfo bmI Cg| AmR> nydmJ Aa df AR>mah KQ>mdZo h nMmg bmI nyd H$m {dVma H$hm& Aa
gw{VZmW H$m Amw Mmbrg bmI nyd Cg| Hw$ma H$mb Xe bmI nyd Aa am g CUVrg
bmI nyd Aa ~mah nydmJ Aa g H$mb df ~rg Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ {df| bmI nyd Cg|
~mah nydmJ Aa df ~rg KQ>mdZo h Mmbrg bmI nyd H$m {dJV {dVma H$hm& Aa nX^ H$m
Amw Vrg bmI nyd Cg| Hw$ma H$mb gmT>o gmV bmI nyd Aa am AdWm gmT>o BH$sg bmI
Aa gmobh nydmJ Aa g H$mb N>h hrZm Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ {df| bmI nyd Cg| gmobh
nydmJ Aa mg N>h KQ>mdZm& h Vrg bmI nyd H$m {dVma H$hm&
Aa gwnmdZmW H$m Amw ~rg bmI nyd Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nmM bmI nyd Aa am AdWm
MmXh bmI nyd Aa ~rg nydmJ Aa g H$mb df Zd Aa Ho$dbH$mUH$ {df| ~rg nydmJ Aa
Zd df KmQ> bmI nyd h ~rg bmI nyd H$m {dVma H$hm& Aa M^ H$m Amw Xe bmI nyd
Cg| Hw$ma H$mb AT>mB bmI nyd Aa am AdWm gmT>o N> bmI nyd Aa Mm~rg nydmJ Aa
g H$mb hrZm VrZ Aa Ho$db H$mU {df| Mm~rg nydmJ Aa VrZ mg KmQ> bmI nyd& Aa
nwnXV H$m Amw Xmo bmI nyd Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nMmg hOma nyd Aa am AdWm ^r nMmg
hOma nyd Aa AR>mBg nydmJ Aa g H$mb mg Mma Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ {dfo bmI nyd Cg|
AR>mBg nydmJ Aa mg Mma KQ>mdZo h Xmo bmI nyd H$m {dVma H$hm& Aa erVbZmW H$m Amw
bmI nyd Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nrg hOma nyd Aa am AdWm nMmg hOma nyd Aa g H$mb
VrZ hrZm Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ nrg hOma nyd VrZ mg KmQ&> Aa lomgZmW H$m Amw df
Mmamgr bmI Cg| Hw$ma H$mb BH$sg bmI df Aa am AdWm mbrg bmI df Aa g
H$mb Xmo mg Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ {df| BH$sg bmI df Xmo hrZo KmQ>&
Aa dmgwny dmr H$m Amw ~hma bmI df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb AR>mah bmI df Aa BZ
{ddmh Z {H$m df AR>mah bmI Ho$ ô V~ hr dam Ymam& Aa g H$mb mg EH$ Aa Ho$db
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Hw$ma H$mb df nh bmI Aa am AdWm df bmI Vrg Aa g H$mb mg VrZ Aa
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Hw$ma H$mb gmT>o gmV bmI df Aa am AdWm nh bmI df Aa g H$mb mg Xmo Aa
Ho$db H$mUH$ {df| Xmo mg KmQ> gmT>o gmV bmI df Aa YZmW H$m Amw Xe bmI Cg|
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Hw$ma H$mb df bmI AT>mB Aa am AdWm nmM bmI df Aa g H$mb mg EH$ Aa

Ho$db H$mUH$ | EH$ mg KmQ> AT>mB bmI df Aa em{VZmW H$m Amw EH$ bmI df Cg|
Hw$ma H$mb nrg hOma df Aa am AdWm nMmg hOma df Aa g H$mb gmobh df Aa
Ho$db H$mUH$ | gmobh df KmQ> df hOma nrg Aa Hw$WwZmW H$m Amw nmUd| hOma df
Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nmUm Mm~rg hOma df Aa am AdWm df hOma gmT>o gVmbrg Aa g
H$mb df gmobh Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ | gmobh df KmQ> hOma nmUm Mm~rg Aa AaZmW H$m Amw
df hOma Mmamgr Cg| Hw$ma H$mb BH$sg hOma df Aa am AdWm df hOma {~mbrg Aa
g H$mb gmobh df Aa Ho$db H$mUH$ | gmobh df KmQ> BH$sg hOma df&
Aa pbZmW H$s Amw df nMmdZ hOma Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df gm Aa BZ am Z {H$m
{ddmh Z {H$m& gm df Ho$ hmo w{Z dV Ymao Aa g H$mb {XZ N>h ~mH$s df MmdZ hOma Zm
gm N>h {XZ KmQ> Ho$db H$mUH$ | aho Aa w{ZgwdV H$m Amw Vrg hOma df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb
gmT>o gmV hOma df Aa am AdWm nh hOma df Aa gH$mb mg mah Aa `mah
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Cg| Hw$_ma H$mb AT>mB hOma df Aa am` AdWm nmM hOma df Aa g H$mb Zd df Aa
Zd df KmQ> AT>mB hOma df Ho$db H$mUH$ | {damOo Aa Zo{ZmW H$m Amw EH$ hOma df
Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df VrZ gm Aa BZ {ddmh Z {H$m Aa Z am {H$m VrZ gm df Ho$ hmo w{Z
ô gmo g H$mb {XZ N>nZ Aa N>nZ {XZ KmQ> gmV gm df Ho$db H$mUH$ {dfo {damOo Aa
nmdZmW H$m Amw df gm Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df Vrg Aa BZ amO Z {H$m Z {ddmh ^r Z {H$m&
Vrg df Ho$ hmo w{ZdV Ymao gmo g H$mb mg Mma Aa df gma Mma mg KmQ> Ho$db
H$mUH$ | {damOo Aa hmdra H$m Amw df ~hma Cg| Hw$ma H$m df Vrg Aa BZ {ddmh Z
{H$m Aa am Z {H$m Aa Vrg df Ho$ `Vr ô gmo df ~mah g H$mb ~mH$s Vrg df Ho$db
H$mUH$ | {damOo& h g~m| H$s Amw H$m {dVma H$hm&
A~ Mm~rgm| VrWH$am| Ho$ gK H$m {Z$nU H$ao h& G$f^ Ho$ JUYa Mmamgr Aa A{OV Ho$
Z~o g^d Ho$ EH$ gm nmM A{^ZXZ Ho$ EH$ gm VrZ Aa gw{V Ho$ EH$ gm gmobh nX ^ Ho$
EH$ gm mah gwnmd Ho$ {nmUdo| M^ Ho$ {VamUd| Aa nwnXV Ho$ AR>mgr Aa erVb Ho$
Bmgr lomg Ho$ gma Aa dmgwny Ho$ N>mgR> {db Ho$ nMmdZ AZV Ho$ nMmg Y Ho$
VoVmbrg Aa em{V Ho$ N>mrg Aa Hw$Ww Ho$ nVrg Aa AaZmW Ho$ Vrg Aa pbZmW Ho$ AR>mBg
Aa w{ZgwdV Ho$ AR>mah Aa Z{ Ho$ gmah Aa Zo{ Ho$ mah Aa nmdZmW Ho$ Xe Aa hmdra
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Ho$ mah& h g~m| Ho$ JUYa H$ho& BZ| EH$ EH$ w {VZHo$ Zm H$ho h&
G$f^ Ho$ df^goZ Aa A{OV Ho$ qghgoZ Aa g^d Ho$ MmXm A{^ZXZ Ho$ dO gw{V Ho$
Ma nX^ Ho$ dO~{b Aa gwnmd Ho$ Ma ~{b Aa M^ Ho$ X{S>V nwnXV Ho$ dX^ Aa
erVb Ho$ AZmJma lomg Ho$ Hw$ Ww dmgwny Ho$ gwY Aa {db Ho$ ZpXam AZV Ho$ O, Y
Ho$ A[aQ>, em[V Ho$ MH$mw, H$w Ww Ho$ d^y AaZmW Ho$ H$w Ww Zmm, pbZmW Ho$ {demImMm
Aa w{ZgwdV Ho$ pb Aa Z{ Ho$ gm Zo{ Ho$ daXm Aa nmdZmW Ho$ d^y hmdra Ho$
B^y{V {Ogo JmV ^r H$ho h& o JUYa g G${ H$a wV Aa gd lwV Ho$ nmaJmr h&
AWmZVa - VrWH$am| Ho$ gmW {OVZo amOm damJr ô {VZH$m {Z$nU H$ho h& hmdra Ho$
gmW VrZ gm Aa nmdZmW Ho$ gmW N> gm N> Aa BVZo pbZmW Ho$ gmW gwny Aa dm Ho$ gmW
N> gm&&49&& Aa G$f^Xod Ho$ gmW amOm Mma hOma g~m| Ho$ gmW EH$ hOma amOm OmZm|&&50&&
G$f^Xod Ho$ gH$b {V Mmamgr hOma Aa A{OV Ho$ EH$ bmI Aa g^dZmW Ho$ Xmo bmI Aa
A{^ZXZ Ho$ VrZ bmI Aa gw{V Ho$ VrZ bmI ~rg hOma Aa nX Ho$ VrZ bmI Vrg hOma
Aa gwnmdZmW Ho$ VrZ bmI, M^ Ho$ AT>mB bmI, nwnXV Ho$ VrZ bmI, erVbZmW Ho$ EH$
bmI, lomg Ho$ Mmamgr hOma dmgwny Ho$ ~hma hOma {dbZmW Ho$ AS>gR> hOma AaZmW Ho$
N>mgR> hOma YZmW Ho$ MmgR> hOma em{VZmW Ho$ ~mgR> hOma H$w WwZmW Ho$ gmR> hOma AaZmW
Ho$ nMmg hOma pbZmW Ho$ Mmbrg hOma w{ZgwdV Ho$ Vrg hOma Z{ZmW Ho$ ~rg hOma
ZoZmW Ho$ AR>mah hOma Aa nmdZmW Ho$ gmobh hOma Aa hmdra Ho$ MmXh hOma h Mm~rgm|
Ho$ w{Z H$ho&
gmo w{Zm| H$m gK gmV H$ma h, CgH$m dUZ gwZmo& G$f^Xod Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r w{Z
gVmbrg gm nMmg Aa gy Amgr {e BH$Vmbrg gmo nMmg Aa Ad{YkmZr Zd hOma
Ho$dbr ~rg hOma Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar ~rg hOma N> gm Aa {dnwb{V Zn Ho$ Ymar
~mah hOma gmT>o gmV gm Aa dm{Xd G${ Ho$ Ymar ~mah hOma gmT>o gmV gm& h g~ Mmamgr
hOma ô Aa A{OVZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r gVrg gm nMmg Aa AmMmamJ Ho$ gy Ho$
Amgr {e BH$sg hOma N> gm Aa Ad{Y kmZr MmamUd| gm Aa Ho$dbr ~rg hOma Aa
{d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ ~rg hOma Mma gm nMmg Aa {dnwb{V Zn dmbo ~mah hOma Mma
gm dm{Xd G${ Ho$ YmaH$ ~mah hOma Mma gm h g~ w{Z bmI ô Aa g^dZmW Ho$ MmXh
nyd Ho$ nmR>r BH$sg gm nMmg Aa {e EH$ bmI JwUVrg hOma VrZ gm g~ gymmg H$ao h
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Aa Zd hOma N> gm Ad{YkmZr Aa nh hOma Ho$dbr Aa Crg hOma gmT>o AmR> gm {d{H$m
G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Aa ~mah hOma {dnwb{V Zn kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ Aa ~mah hOma Aa EH$ gm
dm{Xd G${ Ho$ YmaH$ h Xmo bmI H$m {dVma H$hm&
Aa A{^ZXZ Ho$ w{Z VrZ bmI {VZ| MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r nrg gm Aa gy Ho$ Amgr
{e Xmo bmI Vrg hOma nMmg Aa Ad{YkmZr Zd hOma AmR> gm Ho$dbr gmobh hOma Aa
{d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Crg hOma Aa {dnwb{V Zn kmZr mah hOma N> gm nMmg Aa
dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ mah hOma h A{^ZXZ Ho$ VrZ bmI gmYw H$ho Aa gw{VZmW Ho$ MmXh
nyd Ho$ nmR>r Mm~rg gm Aa AmJ Ho$ Amgr {e Xmo bmI MmdZ hOma VrZ gm nMmg Aa
{Zb Ad{YkmZ Ho$ YmaH$ mah hOma Aa Ho$db kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ Voah hOma {d{H$m G${ Ho$
YmaH$ AR>mah hOma Mma gm Aa {dnwb Zn Ho$ YmaH$ Xe hOma Mma gm Ama dm{Xd G${
Ho$ Xe hOma Mma gm nMmg h g~ VrZ bmI ~rg hOma ô&&76&&
Ama nX^ Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r VoBg gm Aa {e Xmo bmI CUhma hOma Ama
Ad{YkmZr Xe hOma Ama Ho$dbr ~mah hOma AmR> gm Ama {d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ gmobh hOma
VrZ gmo Aa dm{Xd G${ Ho$ Ymar Zd hOma Ama {dnwb{V Zn kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ Xe hOma N>
gm h g~ VrZ bmI Vrg hOma ô& Aa gwnmdZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r ~rg gm Vrg {e
Xmo bmI Mdmbrg hOmam Zd gm ~rg Aa Ad{YkmZr Zd hOma Aa Ho$dbr mah hOma VrZ
gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ nh hOma S>To > gm Aa {dnwb {V Zn kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ Zd
hOma N> gm Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ AmR> hOma h g~ w{Z VrZ bmI ô Aa M^ Ho$
MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r Xmo hOma Aa {e Xmo bmI Xe hOma Mma gm Ad{Y kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ AmR>
hOma Aa {dnwb{V Zn Ho$ YmaH$ ^r AmR> hOma Aa Ho$dbkmZr Xe hOma Aa {d{H$m
G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Mma hOma dm{Xm G${ Ho$ Ymar gmV hOma N> gm h g~ AT>mBg bmI ô& Aa
nwnXV Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r nh gm Aa {e EH$ bmI nMnZ hOma nmM gm Aa Ad{YkmZ
Ho$ YmaH$ AmR> hOma Mma gm Aa Ho$dbr gmT>o gmV hOma Ama {d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Voah hOma
Aa {dnwb{V Zn kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ ngR> gm Ama dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ {N>hma gm&
Aa erVbZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r MmXh gm Aa {e JwUgR> hOma Xmo gm Aa
Ad{YkmZr ~hma gm Aa Ho$dbr gmV hOma Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ ~mah hOma {dnwb{V
Zn Ho$ YmaH$ gmT>o gmV Ama dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ gVmdZ gm&&94&& Aa lomgZmW Ho$
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MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r Voah gm Aa AS>Vmbrg hOma Xmo gm {ejH$ Aa Ad{YkmZ Ho$ YmaH$ N>h
hOma Aa Ho$dbkmZr ngR> gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ mah hOma Ama {dnwb{V Zn
kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ N>h hOma Aa dm{Xd G${ Ho$ Ymar nmM hOma Aa dmgwny Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r
~mah gm Aa {e CVmbrg hOma Xmo gm Aa Ad{YkmZ Ho$ YmaH$ MmdZ gm Aa Ho$dbkmZ
Ho$ YmaH$ N>h hOma Ama {d{H$`m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Xe hOma {dnwb_{V _Zn`` kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ N>h
hOma Ama dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ {~mbrg gm Aa {dbZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r mah gm
Aa {e AS>Vrg hOma nmM gm Aa Ad{YkmZ Ho$ YmaH$ AS>Vmbrg gm Ama Ho$dbkmZ Ho$
YmaH$ nMnZ gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ YmaH$ Zd hOma Aa Zn kmZ Ho$ YmaH$ nMnZ gm Aa
dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ N>mrg gm AZV Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r 1000 Ama {e CZVmbrg hOma
nmM gm Ama Ad{YkmZr VoVmbrg gm Aa Ho$dbkmZ Ho$ YmaH$ nmM hOma Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$
YmaH$ AmR> hOma Zn kmZr nmM hOma Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ ~mrg gm&
Aa YZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r Zd gm Aa {e Mmbrg hOma gmV gm Aa Ad{YkmZr
N>mrg gm Aa Ho$dbkmZr nVmbrg gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar gmV hOma Aa {dnwb {V
Zn kmZr nVmbrg gm Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ YmaH$ AR>mBg gm Aa em{VZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$
nmR>r AmR> gm Aa {e BH$Vmbrg hOma AmR> gm Aa Ad{Y kmZr VrZ hOma Aa Ho$dbkmZr
Mma hOma Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar N>h hOma Aa ZnkmZr Mma hOma Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$
Ymar Mm~rg gm Aa Hw$ WwZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r gmV gm Aa {e VoVmbrg hOma S>To > gm Aa
Ad{YkmZ Ho$ Ymar nrg gm Aa Ho$dbkmZr ~mrg gm Aa {d{H$m G${ dmbo BmdZ gm Aa
{dnwb{V Zn kmZ dmbo VoVrg gm nMmg Aa dm{Xm G${ dmbo Xmo hOma {$a AaZmW Ho$
MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r N>h gm Xe Aa {e nVrg hOma AmR> gm nVrg Aa Ad{YkmZr AR>mBg gm
Aa Ho$dbr ^r AR>mBg gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar VoVmbrg gm Aa Zn kmZr ~rg gm
nMmdZ dm{Xm G${ Ho$ Ymar gmobh gm&
Aa pbZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r gmV gm nMmg Aa {e JwUVrg hOma Ad{Y kmZr
~mBg gm Aa MmXh gm {d{H$m G${ dmbo Aa {dnwb{V Zn dmbo ~mBg gm Aa dm{Xm
G${dmbo ^r ~mBg gm Aa w{ZgwdV ZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r nmM gm Aa {e BH$sg hOma
Aa Ad{YkmZr AR>mah gm Aa Ho$dbr AR>mah gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar ~mBg gm Aa
{dnwb{V Zn kmZr nh gm Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ Ymar ~mah gm Aa Z{ZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd
Ho$ nmR>r gmT>o Mma gm Aa {e ~mah hOma N>h gm Aa Ad{YkmZr gmobh gm Aa Ho$dbr ^r
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gmobh gm Aa {d[H$m G${ dmbo nh gm Aa Zn kmZr gmT>o ~mah gm Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$
Ymar hOma Aa ZoZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ Ymar Mma gm Aa {e mah hOma AmR> gm Aa Ho$dbr
nh gm Ad{YkmZr ^r nh gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar mah gm Aa Zn kmZr Zd gm
Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ Ymar AmR> gm&&26&& Aa nmdZmW Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r gmT>o VrZ gm Aa
{e Xe hOma Zd gm Aa Ad{YkmZr MmXh gm Aa Ho$dbkmZr hOma Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$
Ymar hOma Aa Zn kmZr gmT>o gmV gm Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ Ymar N> gmo&&29&& Aa dmZ
{OZo Ho$ MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r VrZ gm Aa {e Zd hOma Zd gm Ad{Y kmZr Voah gm Aa Ho$dbr
gmV gm Aa {d{H$m G${ Ho$ Ymar Zd gm Aa ZnkmZr nmM gm Aa dm{Xm G${ Ho$ Ymar
Mma gm&&31&& h Mm~rg VrWH$am| Ho$ gmV H$ma Ho$ w{Z oH$ Ho$ H$ho&
AWmZVa - Mm~rgm| {OZamOm| Ho$ AmH$mAm| H$m mmZ H$ao h& G$f^Xod Ho$ AmH$m
VrZ bmI nMmg hOma A{OVZmW Ho$ VrZ bmI ~rg hOma&&2&& Aa g^dZmW Ho$ Aa A{^ZXZ
Ho$ Aa gw{VZmW Ho$ oH$ oH$ VrZ VrZ bmI Aa Vrg Vrg hOma&&32&& nX^ Ho$ Mma
bmI Aa ~rg hOma Aa gwnmd Ho$ VrZ bmI Vrg hOma Aa M^ Aa nwnXV Aa erVbZmW
BZ VrZm| Ho$ oH$ oH$ VrZ bmI Aa Agr Agr hOma Aa lomgZmW Ho$ EH$ bmI ~rg
hOma Aa dmgwny Ho$ EH$ bmI N> hOma Aa {dbZmW Ho$ EH$ bmI VrZ hOma Aa AZVZmW
Ho$ EH$ bmI gmR> hOma Aa YZmW Ho$ ~mgR> hOma Mma gm Aa em{VZmW Ho$ gmR> hOma VrZ
gm&&37&&
Aa Hw$WwZmW Ho$ gmR> hOma VrZ gm nMmg AaZmW Ho$ gmR> hOma Aa pbZmW Ho$ nMnZ
hOma w{ZgwdV Ho$ nMmg hOma Aa Z{ZmW Ho$ nVmbrg hOma Aa ZoZmW Ho$ Mmbrg hOma Aa
nmdZmW Ho$ AS>Vrg hOma Aa dmZ Ho$ nVrg hOma& h Mm~rg VrWH$am| H$s AmH$m H$hr&
AWmZVa - lmdH$ Aa lm{dH$mAm| H$s {JZVr H$ho h& G$f^Xod H$mo Am{X bo Aa M^
nV oH$ Ho$ VrZ VrZ bmI lmdH$ Aa nwnXV go bo Aa empVZmW nV Ho$ Xmo bmI
lmdH$ Aa Hw$WwZmW go bo Aa dmZ nV oH$ oH$ Ho$ bmI bmI lmdH$ OmZm|& h
lmdH$m| H$s {JZVr H$hr& Aa lm{dH$m G$f^ go bo M^ VH$ Ho$ nmM nmM bmI Aa nwnXV
go bo empVZmW nV Ho$ Mma Mma bmI Aa Hw$Ww go dmZ nV Ho$ VrZ VrZ bmI OmZZm
- h MVw{dY gK H$m mmZ {H$m&
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Xod Ho$ {e gmR> hOma Zd gm {g ^ò Aa A{OV Ho$ gVa hOma EH$ gm Aa g^dZmW Ho$ EH$
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bmI gVa hOma EH$ gm Aa A{^ZXZ Ho$ Xmo bmI Agr hOma EH$ gm Aa gw{VZmW Ho$
{e VrZ bmI {nMmgr hOma N> gm Aa nX^ Ho$ VrZ bmI Voah hOma N> gm Aa gwnmdZmW
Ho$ Xmo bmI {nMmgr hOma N> gm Aa M^ Ho$ Xmo bmI MmVrg hOma Aa nwnXV Ho$ EH$
bmI JwUmgr hOma N> gm Aa erVbZmW Ho$ Agr hOma N> gm Aa lomgZmW Ho$ ngR> hOma N>
gm Aa dmgwny Ho$ M~Z hOma N> gm Aa {dbZmW Ho$ BmdZ hOma VrZ gm Aa AZVZmW
Ho$ BmdZ hOma&
Aa YZmW Ho$ JwUMmg hOma gmV gm Aa em{VZmW Ho$ AS>Vmbrg hOma Mma gm Aa
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AR>mBg hOma AmR> gm w{ZgwdV Ho$ CJUrg hOma Xmo gm Aa Z{ZmW Ho$ Zd hOma N> gm Aa
ZoZmW Ho$ AmR> hOma Aa nmdZmW Ho$ ~mgR> gm Aa hmdra Ho$ ~hma gm& h Mm~rgm| VrWH$am|
Ho$ {e` {g ^ò Aa nhbo VrWH$a go bo` gmobhd| VrWH$a VH$ Vmo {Og g_` VrWH$am| H$mo
Ho$db CnOm Cg hr g H$B EH$ {em| H$s {g{ ^B Aa H$B EH$m| H$s nrN>o ^B Aa gmobh
{gdm Amam| Ho$ {em| H$s wpV H$B EH$ H$s VrWH$am| H$mo Ho$db CnOm Cg nrN>o EH$ hrZo H$B
EH$ H$s Xmo hrZo nrN>o H$B EH$ H$s VrZ hrZo nrN>o H$B EH$ H$s N>h hrZo nrN>o {g{ ^B& Bg
^m{V {g{ ^B Aa H$B EH$ VrWH$am| Ho$ {e VrWH$am| H$mo Ho$db CnOo nrN>o df, Xmo df VWm
VrZ Mma df nrN>o Bg ^m{V {gnX H$mo m ô&&65&&
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H$mo{S> gmJa ~rVo ô Aa A{OVZmW nrN>o g^dZmW Vrg bmI H$mo{S> gmJa Aa g^d go
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nX^ H$m Z~o hOma H$mo{S> gmJa Aa nX go gwnmd H$m Zd H$mo{S> hOma gmJa Aa gwnmd go
M^ H$m Zd gm H$mo{S> gmJa Aa M^ go nwnXV H$m Zdo H$mo{S> gmJa Aa nwnXV go
erVbZmW H$m Zd H$mo{S> gmJa Aa erVbZmW go lomgZmW H$m AVa H$mo{S> gmJa Cg| gmJa
gm Aa df [N>mgR> bmI N>~rg hOma KQ>mdZo Aa lomgZmW nrN>o dmgwny H$m AVa MdZ
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AVa Zd gmJa&
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nrN>o AaZmW H$m AVa hOma H$mo{S> df KmQ> nmd n {$a AaZmW nrN>o pbZmW H$m AVa
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hOma H$mo{S> df Aa pb nrN>o w{ZgwdV H$m AVa MmdZ bmI df Aa w{ZgwdV nrN>o Z{ H$m
AVamb N>h bmI df Aa Z{ nrN>o ZoZmW H$m AVamb nmM bmI df Aa Zo{ZmW nrN>o
nmdZmW H$m AVa nmUm Mmamgr hOma df Aa nmdZmW nrN>o hmdra H$m AVamb df AT>mB
gm& O~ hmdra dmr {ZdmU nYmao V~ MmWm H$mb Ho$ df VrZ Aa gmT>o AmR> mg Wo Aa MmWm
H$mb {~mbrg hOma df KmQ> H$moS>mH$mo{S> gmJa H$m h Aa {N>mbrg hOma df | BH$sg hOma
df H$m nmMdm H$mb h Aa BH$sg hOma df hr H$m N>R>m H$mb h&
h {~mbrg hOma df ô {VZ| nM H$mb Ho$ AV hmdra dmr H$m Y h Aa N>R>o
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VH$ Vmo Y AIS> Mbm Aa nwnXV nrN>o Y H$m nmd n {dN>Xo ^m& {$a erVbZmW nrN>o
AmY n Aa lomg Ho$ nrN>o nmU n Aa dmgwny Ho$ AVa {df| EH$ n Aa {dbZmW
Ho$ AVa {df| nmU n Aa AZVZmW Ho$ AVa {df| AmY n Aa YZmW Ho$ AVa {df| nmd
n Bg ^m{V gmV VrWH$am| Ho$ AVa {df| Mma n Y H$m {dN>Xo ^m& {$a AV Ho$ AmR>
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br {ZaVa ahr Aa M^ Aa nwnXV Ho$ VrW {df| CZ nrN>o Ho$dbr {ZmUd| ô Aa erVb
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Mdmbrg Ho$dbr Aa {dbZmW Ho$ VrW {df| CZ nrN>o Ho$dbr Mmbrg Aa AZVZmW Ho$ nrN>o
N>mrg Aa Y_ZmW Ho$ nrN>o Ho$dbr ~Vrg empVZmW Ho$ nrN>o AR>mBg Aa Hw$WwZmW Ho$ nrN>o
Mm~rg Aa AaZmW Ho$ nrN>o ~rg Aa pbZmW Ho$ nrN>o gmobh Aa w{ZgwdV Ho$ nrN>o ~mah Aa
Z{ZmW nrN>o AmR> Aa Zo{ZmW nrN>o Mma Aa nmdZmW nrN>o VrZ Aa dmZ nrN>o VrZ ô&
h Mm~rgm| VrWH$am| Ho$ VrW {df| CZH$s wpV Jo nrN>o Ho$dbr ô {VZH$m H$WZ {H$m Vhm
VH$ Xgam VrWH$a Z CnOo Vhm VH$ nhbo H$m VrW H${ho& Bg hr ^m{V gd OmZmo& hmdra nrN>o
~mgR> df | VrZ Ho$dbr ô - JmV, gwYm Aa O~y dmr Aa BZ VrZ Ho$d{bm| nrN>o gm
df | nmM mah AJ Aa MmXh nyd Ho$ nmR>r ô&&79&& Aa {VZ nrN>o EH$ gm VoVmbrg df
nV mah w{Z mah AJ Ama Xe nyd Ho$ nmR>r ô Aa {VZ nrN>o Xmo g ~rg df nV nmM
w{Z mah AJ Ho$ nmR>r ô Aa {VZ nrN> EH$ gmo AR>mah df nV Mma w{Z EH$ AmMmamJ Ho$
nmR>r ô Aa hmdra Ho$ JUYa mah {VZH$s Amw gwZmo& W JUYa H$s Amw df ~mUd| Xgao
H$s Mm~rg Vrgao H$s df gma MmWo H$s df Agr nmMd| H$s df gm N>R>o H$s df {mgr gmVd|
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H$s {nMmUd| df H$s AmR>d| H$s AR>hma df Zd| H$s ~hma df Xed| H$s gmR> df mahd| H$s
Mmbrg df&&83&&
h mah JUYam| H$s Amw H$hr Aa Vrgao H$mb | n H$m AmR>dm ^mJ ~mH$s ahm V~
Hw$bH$a CnOo gmo n Ho$ AmR>d| ^mJ | MmXh ô Aa O~ VrOo | VrZ df Aa gmT>o AmR> hrZm
~mH$s Wo V~ G$f^Xod wpV nYmao Aa MmWo H$mb Ho$ VrZ df Aa gmT>o AmR> hrZo ~mH$s aho V~
dmZ dmr wpV nYmao Aa ^JdmZ H$mo wpV Jo nrN>o BH$sg hOma df Ho$ nM H$mb |
BH$sg H$bH$s Aa BH$sg A H$bH$s hmoJ| o gmo nmnr Y H$m {dZ H$a|Jo Aa Hw$J{V Omd|J&o
AWmZVa - ~mah MH$d{Vm| Ho$ Amw H$m {dJV dma dUZ H$ao h& W âV MH$dVu H$s
Amw nyd Mmamgr bmI Cg| Hw$ma H$mb gVhma bmI nyd Aa hm S>brH$ nh hOma df
Aa {XpdO gmR> hOma df Aa am EH$ nyd KmQ> N> bmI nyd Aa g H$mb AVwh V Aa
Ho$db AdWm | EH$ bmI nyd Aa {mgr bmI {ZmZd| hOma Zd gm {ZmZd| nydmJ Aa
{mgr bmI Zd hOma Vrg BVZo df {damOo {$a OJV Ho$ {eIa nYmao& Mmamgr bmI df H$m
EH$ nydmJ Aa Mmamgr bmI nydmJ H$m EH$ nyd& &97&& Aa Xgam gJa MH$dVu H$m Amw ~hma
bmI nyd Cgo Hw$ma H$mb Aa S>bo danZm nMmg hOma nyd Aa {XpdO H$m H$mb Vrg hOma
df Aa am g CUhma bmI gma hOma nyd Aa df {ZmZd| nydmJ Aa df {mgr bmI
Aa bmI nyd g H$mb Cgo {OVZo df Vn {H$m, CVZo KmQ> bmI nyd Ho$db AdWm Ho$
OmZmo&&100&&
Aa VrOm MH$d{V Kdm CgH$m Amw nmM bmI df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nrg hOma df Aa
S>bo danZm nrg hOma df Aa {XpdO Xe hOma df Aa am VrZ bmI Z~o hOma df
Aa g H$mb nMmg hOma df h dJ bmoH$ Jo&&2&& Aa MmWm MH$dVu gZHw$ma Amw VrZ
bmI df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nMmg hOma df Aa S>bo danZm ^r nMmg hOma df Aa {XpdO
Xe hOma df Aa am AdWm Zdo hOma df Aa g bmI df h dJbmoH$ Jo& nmMdm
MH$dVu em{VZmW CgH$m Amw EH$ bmI df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nrg hOma df Aa S>bo da
nX nrg hOma df Aa {XpdO AmR> gm df Aa MH$d{V nX Mm~rg hOma Xmo g df Aa
g H$mb gmobh df Aa gmogaU | {damOo gmobh df KmQ> nrg hOma df {\$a {ZdmU nYmao
N>R>o MH$d{V Hw$WwZmW {VZH$m Amw nMmUd| hOma df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb nmUm Mm~rg hOma df
Aa S>brH$nZm ^r df nmUm Mm~rg hOma df Aa {XpdO N> gm df Aa MH$d{VnX VoBg hOma S>To >
gm Aa gH$mb gmobh df Aa Ho$db AdWm | gmobh df Km{Q> nmUm Mm~rg hOma df&&6&&
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AaZmW gmVd| MH$dVu {VZH$m Amw df hOma Mmamgr Cg| Hw$ma H$mb hOma BH$sg Aa
S>brH$nZm ^r BH$sg hOma df Aa {XpdO Mma gm df Aa MH$dVu nX ~rg hOma N> gm
df Aa g H$mb gmobh df Aa Ho$db AdWm | gmobh df KmQ> BH$sg hOma df Aa
AmR>dm MH$dVu gw^y CgH$m Amw AS>gR> hOma df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df hOma nmM Aa
{XpdO df nmM gm Aa MH$dVu nX ~mgR> hOma nmM gm Aa h ~mmdWm | naeam Ho$ ^ go
gm{gm| Ho$ Aml | Jmo aho& Bhm|Zo dam Z Ymam Bg{bo hmV Zmm n{Wdr {df| Jo&&9&&
Aa Zdm MH$dVu hmnX CgH$m Amw df hOma Vrg Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df nmM gm Aa
S>brH$nZm df nmM gm Aa {XpdO df VrZ gm Aa MH$dVu nX AR>mah hOma gmV gm df
Aa g`_ df hOma Xe Cg_| _w{Z nX Aa Ho$db nX Am` J`m& _w{ZdV Ya moj Jo Aa Xed|
MH$dVu h[afoU CgH$m Amw N>~rg hOma df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df gdm VrZ gm Aa {XpdO
S>To > gm df Aa MH$dVu nXdr nrg hOma EH$ gm {nMhma df Aa g H$mb df gmT>o VrZ
gm Bg| w{ZnX Aa Ho$db nX Am Jm& h w{Z hmo moj nYmao&&13&& Aa mahdm MH$dVu
OgoZ CgH$m Amw df hOma VrZ Cg| Hw$ma H$mb Aa S>bo danZm VrZ gm df H$m OmZmo Aa
{XpdO df gm Aa MH$dVu Crg gm df Aa g H$mb df Mma gm h ^r w{Z hmo moj
Jo Aa ~mahdm MH$dVu ~h Xm CgH$m Amw df gmV gm h lrZo{ZmW Ho$ nrN>o Aa nmdZmW
Ho$ nhbo ô Bg{bo Hw$ma H$mb df AR>mBg Aa S>brH$nZm df N>nZ Aa {XpdO df
gmobh Aa MH$d{V nX N>h gm h gmV gm df ô& BZ {OZXrjm Z Ymar Aa amO hr | a H$a
gw^y H$s Vah gmVr Yam nYmao&&15&& h ~mah MH$d{Vm| H$m dUZ {H$m& BZo AmR> moj Jo
{g ô, Aa Xmo dJ Jo Aa Xmo AYmobmoH$ Jo gmo ^r H$B EH$ ^dYa {ednwa nYma|J&o
AWmZVa - AM{H$m| H$m H$WZ H$ao h - nhbm dmgwXdo {nQ> Aa nhbm ~b^ {dO
h XmoZm| na Zohr dmgwXdo H$m Amw df bmI Mmamgr Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df hOma nrg Aa
{XpdO df hOma Aa am {mgr bmI Mmohma hOma df&&18&& Aa Xgam dmgwXdo {nQ>
CgH$m Amw ~hma bmI df gmo AMb Zmm ~b^ H$m ^mB na Zohr Cg| nrg hOma df
Hw$ma H$mb Aa BVZo hr S>brH$ nX Ho$ Aa {XpdO Ho$ df gm Aa dmgwXdo nX BH$hma bmI
CUMmg hOma Zd gm df Aa VrOm dmgwXdo d^y CgH$m Amw df bmI gmR> H$Nw> KmQ> gm df, Y
Zmm ~b^ H$m N>mQo >m ^mB na Zohr CgH$m Hw$ma H$mb nrg gm df Aa BVZo hr df S>brH$
nZm Aa {XpdO df Zdo Aa am nX CUgR> bmI ~hma hOma Zd gm Xe df&&22&&
Aa MmWm dmgwXdo nwfmom gw^ Zmm ~bXod H$m N>mQo >m ^mB CgH$m Amw Vrg bmI df
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Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df gmV gm Aa S>brH$ nX Voah gm df Aa {XpdO df Agr Aa am

nX CUVrg bmI gmUd| hOma Zd gm ~rg df nmMdm dmgwXdo nwfqgh gwXeZ Zmm ~bXod
H$m N>mQo >m ^mB CgH$m Amw df bmI Xe Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df VrZ gm Aa S>brH$ nX df EH$
gm nrg Aa {XpdO df gma Aa am AdWm Zd bmI {ZmUdo hOma nmM gm nmM
df&&26&& Aa N>R>m nwS>arH$ Zmm dmgwXdo ZXr Zmm ~bXod H$m bKw dra hm Yra CgH$m Amw
df hOma ngR> Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df AT>mB gm Aa S>brH$ nX AT>mB gm df Aa {XpdO df
gmR> Aa VrZ IS> H$m amO MmgR> hOma Mma gm Mmbrg df Aa Xm Zmm gmVdm dmgwXdo N>mQo >m
^mB ZpXfoU ~bXod H$m, CgH$s Amw ~mrg hOma df Cg| Hw$ma H$mb df Xmo gm Aa
S>brH$ nX df nMmg Aa {XpdO ^r df nMmg Aa CgH$m am nX BH$Vrg hOma gmV gm
df Aa AmR>dm dmgwXdo bU gmo am ~bXod H$m N>mQo >m ^mB CgH$m Amw df hOma ~mah Cg|
Hw$ma H$mb df gm Aa {XpdO df Mmbrg Aa am` nX `mah hOma AmR> gm gmR> df&&31&&
Aa Zd_m H$U Zm_m dmgwXdo nX_ Zm_m ~bXod H$m N>mQo >m ^mB CgH$m Amw df hOma EH$ Cg|
Hw$ma H$mb df gmobh Aa S>brH$ nX df N>nZ Aa {XpdO df AmR> Aa dmgwXdo nX H$m
am df Zd gm ~rg&&32&& h dmgwXdo m| H$m dUZ {H$m&
AWmZVa - EH$mXe {VZH$s Amw H$m Ama g H$ho h- nhbm ^rmdbr Zm
lr G$f^Xod Ho$ g ^m CgH$m Amw {mgr bmI nyd Ama eara nmM gm YZwf D$Mm
^m&&1&& Ama Xgam {Vew Zmm Xgao VrWH$a A{OVZmW Ho$ g ^m CgH$r Amw
BH$hma bmI nyd Aa eara gmT>o Mma gm YZwf D$Mm Wm& Ama Vrgam Zmm Zd| VrWH$a
nwnXV Ho$ g ^m CgH$m Amw Xmo bmI df Ama eara gm YZwf D$Mm h&&3&& Aa MmWm
{ddmZb Zmm lr erVbZmW Ho$ g ^m CgH$m Amw bmI nyd Aa eara Zdo YZwf D$Mm
Ama nmMdm gw{VpR>V Zmm lomg Ho$ g ^m CgH$s Amw Mmamgr bmI df Aa eara
Agr YZwf D$Mm Aa N>R>m AMb Zmm lr dmgwny Ho$ g ^m CgH$m Amw Mmamgr bmI
df Aa eara Agr YZwf D$Mm Aa gmVdm nwS>arH$ Zmm lr {dbZmW dmr Ho$ g ^m
CgH$m Amw nMmg bmI df Aa eara gmR> YZwm D$Mm&&25&&
Aa AmR>dm A{OVYa Zmm lr AZVZmW dmr Ho$ g ^m CgH$m Amw df bmI
Mmbrg Ama eara nMmg YZwf D$Mm Ama Zdm A{OVZmW Zmm lr YZmW Ho$ g ^m
CgH$m Amw df bmI nrg Aa eara VoVmbrg YZwf D$Mm Aa Xedm nrR> Zmm lr
em{VZmW Ho$ g ^m& CgH$m Amw df bmI EH$ Aa eara Mm~rg YZwf D$Mm Ama mahdm
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gmpdH$sVZ Zmm lr hmdra dmr Ho$ g ^m CZhma df Aa eara gmV hmW D$Mm&
g~ hr EH$mXe mah AJ Ama Xe nyd Ho$ nmR>r h Aa H$moY $n h d^md {OZH$m BZ mahm|
Ho$ VrZ g EH$ Hw$ma H$mb XOm g H$mb Aa EH$ g Ny>Q>o nrN>o Ag H$mb&&42&& Cg|
Mma m| H$m gH$mb A{YH$ Aa Xmo H$m g H$mb Aa Hw$ma H$mb gmZ Aa gmVd| AmR>d|
Zd| H$m Hw$maH$mb A{YH$ Aa g H$mb yZ Aa Xed| H$m g H$mb A{YH$ mahd|
Ho$ df CUhma Cg| Hw$maH$mb ~ag gmV Aa gH$mb ~ag AR>mBg Aa g go wV hdo
nrN>o Ag H$mb df MmVrg&&45&&
AWmZVa - Zd ZmaX Vo ~h M Ho$ YmaH$ ~b^ ZmamU Ho$ na { dmgwXdo Ho$ gmZ
h Amw Aa H$m {OZH$s {VZHo$ Zm H$ho h - nhbm ZmaX ^r, Xgam hm^r, Vrgam , MmWm
hm, nmMdm H$mb, N>R>m hmH$mb, gmVdm MVwI
w , AmR>dm ZadH$, Zdm CwI& h Zd
ZmaXm| Ho$ Zm H$ho gmo ~b^ dmgwXdo Ho$ g hr hmo h Aa ^JdmZ hmdra dmr H$mo wpV
Jo N> gm nmM df ô V~ amOm dra {dH$m{X ^m&&50&& Aa ^JdmZ nrN>o hOma df Jo
H$bH$s ^m& Bg ^m{V nM H$mb | H$bH$s Aa AH$bH$s mbrg hmodJ| &o h g~ Adg{nUr
H$mb H$m H$WZ {H$m&
AWmZVa - Cg{nUr H$mb Ho$ VrWH$am| H$m mmZ H$ao h& Bg nM H$mb nrN>o N>R>m
XIm XIm H$mb hmoJm CgHo$ AV b H$mb hmoJm gmo N>R>m H$mb Ho$ AV Adg{nUr gmo
nyU hmoJm Aa AmJo Cg{nUr bJoJr gmo W hr {$a N>R>m H$mb Vmo Cg{nUr H$m nhbm H$mb
h& CgH$s ar{V N>R>o H$mb-gr, naVw Bg N>R>o H$mb | Amw H$s KQ>Vr Aa Cg| ~T>Vr BH$sg
hOma H$m h {$a N>R>m H$mb ^r VrV hmoJm& Cg nrN>o Cg{nUr H$m Xgam H$mb gmo {$a nMm
H${ho gmo ^r BH$sg hOma df H$m hmoJm& CgHo$ ~rg hOma df VH$ Vmo hm nwf Z CnOoJ o Aa
O~ Cg nM H$mb Ho$ EH$ hOma df ah|J,o V~ Cg{nUr H$mb Ho$ Hw$bH$a MmXh (14) hmodJ| &o
{VZHo$ Zm - nhbm H$ZH$, XOm H$ZH$^, VrOm H$ZH$amO, MmWm H$ZH$dO, nmMdm
H$ZH$nwJ d, h nmM Vmo gmobh dmUr Ho$ dU Ho$ gmZdU Ho$ YmaH$ hmodJ| o Aa Z{bZ Aa
Z{bZ^, Z{bZamO, Z{bdO, {$a Z{bZnwJ d h nmM H$b gmZ dU Ho$ YmaH$ hmodJ| o Aa
mahdm nX^ ~mahdm nXamO, Voahdm nXdO, Aa MmXhdm nXnwJ d& h MmXh Hw$bH$a
nwZ nmMdo Ho$ AV hr hmodJ| o {$a MmWm H$mb bJoJm Vmo H$moS>mH$mo{S> gmJa H$m Cg| Mm~rg VrWH$a
hmodJ| &o {VZHo$ Zm- hmnX 1, gwaXod 2, gwnmd 3, d^ 4, gdm^yV 5, XodXod 6,
^moX 7, CXH$ 8, U H$s{V 9, OH$s{V 10, gwdV 11, AaZmW 12, nwy{V 13, {ZH$fm
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14, {dnwb 15, {Zb 16, {MJw 17, gm{YJw 18, d^y 19, A{ZdVH$ 20, O 21,
{db 22, {XnmX 23, AZVdr 24& h Mm~rg VrWH$a hm Ym{X JwU Ho$ YmaH$ hmodJ| &o
AWmZVa - AmJmr ~mah MH$d{Vm| Ho$ Zm gwZmo- âV 1, XrKXm 2, OXm 3, JyT >Xm
4, lrfoU 5, lr^yV 6, lrH$mV 7, nX 8, hmnX 9, {MdmhZ 10, {dbdmhZ 11,
A[aQ>gZo 12, h ~mah MH$dVu H$ho&
AWmZVa - AmJmr Zd ZmamU hmodJ| o {VZHo$ Zm gwZmo - ZXr 1, ZXr{ 2, Z{XZ 3,
Z{X^y{V 4, hm^yV 5, A{V~b 6, ^~b 7, {nQ> 8, {nQ> h Zd ZmamU hmodJ| o Aa Zd
~b^ hmodJ| o {VZHo$ Zm H$ho h&&66&& M 1, hmM 2, MYa 3, qghM 4, h[aM 5,
lrM 6, nyUM
7, gwM 8, ~mbM 9 & h Zdm| ~b^ Mm gmZ H$m{V Ho$ YmaH$
hmodJ| &o
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ZrbH$R> 3, AdH$R> 4, gwH$ R> 5, {g{fH$R> 6, AdJrd 7, hJrd 8, yay Jrd 9, h Zd
{Vh[a hmodJ| &o
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4, H$mX 5, ^d 6, ha 7, Zmo^d 8, ma 9, H$m 10, AOZ 11, h AmJmr mah H$ho&
h g~ hr nwf {ZdmU Ho$ nm h& VrWH$a H$mXodm{X gmo VX^d mojJmr hr h Aa ~b^
mojJmr hmodo h Aa H$B EH$ Xod bmoH$ Ho$ gwI ^moJ erK hr {ednwa nmd|Jo Ama A g~ hr
^ H$B EH$ ^d H$m nma nmdo h& h g~ hr {OZ ^m{fV VnYa {g nX nmd|J&o h ebmH$m
nwfm| _| Cm h Aa aZ H$a n{d h AJ {OZHo$&&71&& EH$ AVwh V ^r gd H$mo nm
Omo gd go wV hmo h gmo ^r erK w{V H$m H$maU h Ama {OZH$m O hr aZ H$s m{
H$a n{d ^m h {VZH$mo m H$hZm& dh Vmo wpV Ho$ nm h, aZ moj H$m H$maU h&&72&&
Bg ^m{V VrZ H$mb H$m h {Z$nU {OZ| Aa gH$b hm nwfm| H$s h H$Wm {OZ| Eogo ZoZmW ^w
Ho$ dMZ H$mZm| H$mo gwIXmr {VZH$s EH$mJ {Mm gw{Z H$a ~bXod Aa dmgwXdo Am{X gV mXd
Za| Ama B, M, gym{X gH$b Xod ^JdmZ H$mo ZH$ma H$a Vd ~moY X | Yma AnZo AnZo
WmZH$ Jo&&73&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm H$Vm {fpQ>nw f{OZmVadUZmo Zm
fpQ>V gJ&&60&&
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BH$gR>dm gJ
AWmZVa - amOm lo{UH$ H$m A{^m OmZH$a JmV JUYa JO Hw$ma H$m M[a OJV H$a
ZH$ma H$aZo mo H$hVo ô& ho amOm lo{UH$! JOHw$ma lr Zo{ZmW Ho$ wI gH$b {OZoda
MH$o da Aa ~bXod dmgwXdo Am{X g~ hm nwfm| H$m Mm[a gwZH$a VH$mb gH$b mV {nV ^mV
dJm] H$mo VOH$a {OZ| Ho$ MaU H$m eaU YmaVo ô& H$go h dh JOHw$ma, ggma go ^^rV h
^md {OZHo$ Ama ^w Ho$ hm^V h& ^w H$s Amkm nm {XJ~ar Xrjm Yma hmVn H$aVo ô
Ama amOmAm| H$s nwr {OZgo BZH$s gJmB ^B Wr gmo g~ n{V H$m dam gwZ AmH$m Ho$ dV YmaVr
^B Ama EH$ gmoe Zmm ~mhU CgH$s nwr JO Hw$ma naUo Wo gmo {d H$moY $n ApZ H$a
d{bV ^m& AmYr amV Ohm JOHw$ma dmr AHo$bo {Vm moJ Ya {VQ>o Wo gH$b narfh Ho$
ghZhmao Vhm dh ~mhU Jm Ama dmr Ho$ {ea ApZ Ombr& Cg hr g dmr Zo jnH$
loUr H$m ma^ {H$m gmo ewb mZ Ya H$m] H$m AV H$a VH$mb Ho$db nm moj Jo& lr
Zo{ZmW Ho$ VrW {df| AV Ho$dbr ô&&7&&
BZH$s {ZdmU nyOm Ama Ho$db h XmoZm| H$mUH$ EH$ hr gmW Xod H$aVo ô& gwa Agwa j
{H$a JYd hmoaJ Am{X g~ Om{V Ho$ Xod JO Hw$ma H$m H$mUH$ H$aVo ô&&8&& Aa g~
mXd JOHw$ma H$m aU gwZ AV XI H$mo m ô& Cg hr g gw{dO H$mo Am{X Xo
Xe ^mB {VZ| dgwXdo {~Zm Zdm| ^mB moj Ho$ A{^bmfr {OZ Xrjm YmaVo ô Aa Zdm| ^mBm| H$s
g~ hr amZr mVm {edmXodr H$mo Am{X Xo AmH$m ^B Aa XodH$s Aa amohUr Ho$ {gdm ~mH$s
dgwXdo H$s g~ amUr AmH$m ^B Aa H$U H$s nwr ^r AmH$m ^B&&10&& {$a gwa Za g~m| H$a
nyOZo mo ^JdmZ Zo{OZ| AZoH$ Xoem| {df| {dhma H$aVo ô& Aa Cma {Xe Ho$ Aa X{jU {Xe
Ho$ Aa nyd npM {Xe Ho$ AZoH$ Zn emXb
g~moYo Aa Xoe Ho$ AZoH$ amOm g~moYo {$a {dhma
H$a {JaZma {Ja Amo Aa gmogaU {df| {damOo& Cg g {OZo Ho$ XeZ H$mo gH$b Xodm| Ho$ B
Amo Aa Vw{V H$a ZH$ma H$a AnZo AnZo WmZH$ ~R>o Aa dgwXdo ~bXod dmgwXdo Aa wZ
Am{XH$ H$U Ho$ nw Aa XodH$s amohUr Am{X dgwXdo H$s amUr Aa ~bXod dmgwXdo H$s amUr g~
mXdm| H$s amUr g~ hr XeZ H$mo AmB Aa maH$m H$s dVr Ho$ bmoH$ Amo&&15&&
Bm{X g~ hr ^md g{hV {edXodr Ho$ ZXZ H$s dXZm H$mo Amo gmo AnZo AnZo WmZH$ ~R>o
Vhm ^JdmZ Y H$m {Z$nU H$aVo ô& Cg g Adga nm ^JdmZ H$mo ZH$ma H$a nX
Zmm ~b^ H$m hb H$m h AmwY {OZHo$ gmo hmW OmoS > grg Zdm ZH$ma nyN>Vo ô - ho ZmW!
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h maH$mnwar Hw$doa Zo {Zmnr h gmo A~ CgH$s {H$VZr df pW{V h? Omo dVw H${ hmo gmo
{dZgo& h nwar H$mb nm ghO hr {db hmodJo r m {H$gr Ho$ {Z{m go {dZeoJr Aa dmgwXdo H$m
nabmoH$ H$mZ H$maU H$a hmoJm? hmnwf h {Vhm| Ho$ h eara aho Zht& ho ^mo! oao g H$s
m{ H$~ hmoJr? oao Aa OJV H$m d Vmo An h& EH$ ^mB Ho$ Zoh H$a ~Ym h& Bg ^m{V
hbYa Zo {OZda H$mo nyN>m, V~ ^JdmZ gdk hbYa H$mo H$hVo ô - ho hm ^, ho am! h
nwar ~mahd| df rnmZ Zmm w{Z H$a ^ hmoJr, CmVm Ho$ moJ H$a mXdm| Ho$ Hw$ma rnmZ
H$mo H$moY CnOmd|J&o &33&&
Aa hm ^mJ Omo H$U {VZH$m H$mogm~r Zmm dZ {df| gyVo H$m OaHw$ma Ho$ ~mU H$a nabmoH$
hmoJm& O aU Ho$ {ZM H$maU Vmo OJV {df| amJofm{X ^md h Aa O~ Vmn H$m j hmo
h V~ ~mh H$maU ^r AZoH$ {bo h&&25&& Bg{bo Omo kmZr dVw H$m d^md OmZo h gmo Vmn
{df| hf Z H$ao Aa Zme {df| {dfmX Z H$a|& h {ddo{H$m| H$s ar{V h Aa VwH$mo dmgwXdo Ho$ {dmoJ
H$m A{V gVmn hmoJm {$a {V~w hmo ^JdVr Xrjm YmamoJo gmo _hm Vn H$a nmMd| ~h_ dJ
Xod hmodmoJ&o {\$a Za ^d nm` {ZaOZ nX nmdmoJo `h dmmm gwZ rnm`Z amo{hUr H$m ^mB ~b^ H$m
_m_m VH$mb {OZ Xrjm YmaVm ^m Aa {dhma H$a Jm ~mah df nyd H$s {Xe ahm Vn H$a eara
jrU {H$m Aa H$fm ^r X nS>r&&29&& OaHw$ma AnZo ~mU H$a h[a H$m nabmoH$ OmZ A{V
XIr ^m& Aa g~ Hw$Qw>~ H$mo VOH$a Eogm Xa Jm Ohm h[a H$m XeZ Z hmo& OaHw$ma h[a Ho$
Zoh H$a A{V mHw$b hmo AHo$bm Xa dZ | Jm gmo dZ Ho$ Ordm| H$s mB dZ {df| {dMao& h[a
hr h mU {OgHo$ gmo h XmoZm| Vmo {XemVa Jo Aa g~ mXd ^JdmZ H$mo ZH$ma H$a mamdVr
| Jo& hmoZhma Omo XI CgH$s {MVm H$a gV h Z {OZHo$&&33&&
Aa mamdVr {OZY{m| H$s nwar hm Xm Y H$s âr Vhm mg H$m moOZ H$hm? Ohm
~bXod dmgwXdo H$m amO dhm Hw$dVw H$r MMm H$hm, naVw H$ ^y{ h H$moB EH$ nmnr Jmo H$aVm
hmo h {dMma ~bXod dmgwXdo Zo nwar {df| KmofUm H$ar Omo Aa mg H$s gmJr H$moB Z amI
gHo$& {OgHo$ h gmJr hmo gmo erK hr ZJa ~mha Om S>mb Amdmo Omo amIoJm gmo XS> mo
hmoJm& h Amkm gwZ {OZHo$ Ka | Nw>nm Wm AWdm H$s gmJr Wr gmo ZJa ~mha H$X~
Zmm dZ {df| S>mar gmo gyH$ H$a nmfmU gmZ hmo JB&&36&& {$a dmgwXdo maH$m {df| Za Zm[am|
H$mo g~ hr H$mo dam H$s Amkm H$hr, h KmofUm nwar | {$ar Omo H$U H$s h Amkm h oam {nVm
Aa mVm Aa ^mV ~Yw nw r nwr Omo dam Yao gmo erK Yamo& oao amO bmoH$ AWdm ^mBm| Ho$
amO bmoH$ Aa ZJa Ho$ bmoH$ Za Zmar Omo {OZ Xrjm bo Aa Vn AmMmao gmo erK AmMamo& {H$gr
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H$mo Zo Z H$$ h Amkm h[a H$s gwZ H$a h[a Ho$ nw wZ ^mZwH$w ma Am{X Ma earar Aa A
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gmobh hOma h[a H$s amUr BZH$s gmH$ {VZ| H$B EH$ g{hV h[a H$s Amkm go {OZ Xrjm YmaVr
^B& maH$m Ho$ nwm Vmo w{Z ô Aa r ~hV AmH$m ^B& mYd Zo g~m| H$mo hr H$hr Omo ggma
gmZ Aa gw Zht A{V J^ra h Aa drVamJ Ho$ mJ gmZ Aa H$moB OhmO Zht Aa lr
Zo{ZmW gmZ Aa H$moB gmW~mh Zht Bg{bo ggma H$mo Agma OmZ lr Zo{ZmW H$m eaU bodmoo
Aa oao dam H$m CX Zht h Aa ~bXod Ho$ ^r oao moh H$a w{ZdV Zht& h oao ao nrN>o w{ZdV
Yma|Jo Bg{bo oao g~ hr ^mB mXd Aa A de Ho$ amOm hmao gJm| Aa g~ hr Om OJV H$m
g~Y N>mSo > {OZamO H$m Y AmXamo Aa lmdH$ Ho$ dV Ymamo& Bg ^m{V dmgwXdo Zo Amkm H$ar gmo
~hV dam YmaVo ô Aa H$B lmdH$ ô Aa {gmW Zmm gma{W CgZo ~bXod go dam H$s
Amkm mJr& V~ ~bXod Zo Cggo h mWZm H$ar Omo Vw dam Ymamo naVw O~ wPo H$U Ho$
{dmoJ H$m gVmn CnOo V~ Vw XodbmoH$ go AmH$a wPo g~mo{Ymo& gmo dMZ CgZo mU {H$m
Aa AZoH$ Za Zmar Zo{ZmW Ho$ {ZH$Q> dV YmaVo ô&
AWmZVa - hm gK g{hV ^JdmZ nbd Zmm Xoe H$s Amoa {dhma {H$m& ^ $n
H$bm| H$mo w$pbV H$aUhmao {OZ a{d Y H$m CmoV H$aVo ô&&42&& Aa m[aH$m Ho$ bmoH$ ZJa
H$s dVr N>mSo > dZ {df| Om dgo Wo Aa dV Cndmg nyOm XmZ {df| Vna Wo& ~mah df H$s JUZm
^yb Jo Aa ~mah df ~rVo OmZ nhbo hr ZJa ^rVa Am ~go Aa rnmZ amohUr H$m ^mB w{Z
hmo {dXoe {df| {dhma H$a Jm Wm gmo ^m{ V go ~mah df ~rVo OmZ nhbo hr m[aH$m Amm gmo
{mpQ> qbJr Z | Eogr OmZVm ^m& Omo ^JdmZ ^{dV H$hm Wm gmo {ZdV ^m& h
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Aew ^md {_Q>o _wpV hmo` h& Aa qbJ eara H$m h gmo nwf H$m qbJ hmoVo hr _wpV h r qbJ
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BZ Mmam| H$a _w{V h AWdm n[ahma {dew{ Mm[a dmbmo H$s Anojm nmMm| hr Mm[a _moj Ho$
H$maU h&&97&&
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na jo Ho$ hao AmòZ Vo djo Ho$ O_o g`mV JwZo OmZh Aa H$BH$ _w{Z XQ>Z Ho$ hao CZ
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g`mV JwZo H$mbmoX{Y Ho$ OmZmo Aa CVZo O~yrn Ho$ g`mV JwUo A{YH$ OmZh& `h g~ ôX
gdk Xod Zo {XIm`m h& Aa O~yrn go g`mV JwUo YmVH$s IS>rn Ho$ Aa CZgo g`mV JwUo
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Vhm go {ZH$g H$a AV Ho$ d`^ Zm_m rn {df| pQ> {df Om{V H$m gn hmo` H$a VrOo ZaH$
J`m Vhm VrZ gmJa XI ^moJ&o &15&& Vhm go {ZH$g {V`M ^`m {\$a gmJa Xmo` g Aa Wmda
`mo{Z _| nyU {H$ò&&16&&
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dUZmo Zm_ MVwfpQ>V_ gJ&&64&&
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AmR>dm A{YH$ma
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CmoV ^`mo&&2&& AahV nX H$s {d^y{V H$a _{S>V _hoda O~ X{jU H$mo {dhma {H$`m V~ do
X{jU Ho$ gd Xoe dJ H$s emo^m H$mo YmaVo ^ò&&3&& ^JdmZ ^yVo da {ZdmU H$`mUH$ Am`m h
{ZH$Q> {OZHo$ gwa Agwa ZaH$ H$a A{MV {JaZma Am` {damOo&&4&& nydd V g_dgaU H$s aMZm
Vhm ^B, Xod XmZd _mZd VWm {VaOM g~ hr ^w H$s {X`d{Z gwZVo ^ò&&5&&
lr ^JdmZ g`XeZ Mm[a $n Omo _hm n{d {OZoda Y_ VmH$m `m`mZ H$aVo ^ò, gmo
Y_ dJ _moj Ho$ gwI H$m gmYZ h Aa gmYwZ H$mo {` h&&6&& Ogm Ho$dbkmZ Ho$ CX` {df| nhbo
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J_Z Ama {VaN>m J_Z Aa gy` H$m JwU H$menZm Aa AmH$me H$m JwU A_yV d Aa n{Wdr H$m
JwU AZoH$ dVwZ H$m YmaU Aa ghZ erbnZm Vgo H$VmW Oo {OZo {VZH$m JwU Y_m}nXoe h&&9&&
Ogo kmZmdaUr XeZmdaUr _mohZr` AVam` `h Mma Km{V`m H$_ j` {H$ò hVo Vgo `moJ H$m
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H$s nyOm H$aVo ^ò&&11&& O~ ^JdmZ _wV hmo` V~ Xoh ~Y $nH$Y na_mUw hmo` Om` AZm{X
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JQ> ^B ApZ VmH$a {OZo H$s Xoh H$m Xmh ^`m&&13&& JY nwnm{X _Zmoha `Z H$a ^w H$s
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{JaZma {JaVo OJV Ho$ {eIa Jò gmo ^` H$a dXZrH$ h& {JaZma ~S>m VrW h Ohm AZoH$ ^`
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gym{X bmoho Ho$ AmâU ApZ _B BZH$mo nhamò&&20&& {VZ H$a Xmh H$m CngJ A{V am hmoVm
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{df| Am$T> hmo` ewb `mZ H$a AQ> H$_ H$m j` H$a AQ>_ ^y{_ Omo {ZdmU VmH$m| nYmao
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nX nmd|J&o &24&& Aa ZmaX ^r Am`w H$a na^d nYmao& ^dmVa _| ^da{hV hmoqhJo&&25&&
AWmZVa - ~bXod dm_r VwJ r{Ja {eIa na ZmZm H$ma Ho$ Xa Vn {H$ò& EH$ Cndmg
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Y` nmo`m&&27&& ZJa Jm_m{X {dfo Vmo J_Z {Zdmam hr hVm Amhma Ho$ AW H$mVma M`m Ymar hVr
gmo dZ {df| {dhma H$aVo bmoH$m| Zo XoI,o _mZmo gmjmV M_m hr h&&28&& CZH$s dmVm nwa Jm_m{X
{df| {g ^B gmo XOZ ^yn{V ~bXod Ho$ g_mMma gwZ H$a eH$m _mZ ZmZm H$ma Ho$ Am`wY Ya
CngJ H$aZo H$mo Amò V~ {gmW Xod CZH$mo Eogr _m`m {XImB do Ohm XoI| Vhm XrI|&&30&&
_w{Z Ho$ MaUZ Ho$ g_rn qghZ H$mo XoI XQ> amOm _w{Z H$s gm_` OmZ Um_ H$a emV $n
hmo` Jò&&31&& V~ go ~bXod H$mo bmoJ Zaqgh _mZVo ^ò XQ>Z H$mo Zaqgh $n ^mgo do _hm _w{Z
gm df Vn H$a Mma H$ma AmamYZm AmamY nmM_m ~h_ Zm_m dJ Vhm nX_moma {d_mZ {df|
~h_ o ^ò&&33&& dh {d_mZ aVZ_`r XXr`_mZ _hm_Zmoha Xod Xo{d`m| Ho$ g_yh H$a _{S>V gwXa
h _pXa Aa CndZ Om {df|&&34&& Eogo a_UrH$ {d_mZ {dfo _hm H$mo_b CnmXH$ g`m Vm {dfo
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hbYa _w{Zda H$m Ord ~h_ | ^`m& Ogo g_w {dfo _hm _{U CnOo Vgo dm_r dJ {dfo
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^mfm Aa _Z BZ fQ> n`m{ VH$mb nyao H$a dmâU _{S>V goO na {damOo Zd `mdZ _hm gwXa
XodZ Ho$ amOm dh dJ gnXm XoI Aa XodmJZmZ Ho$ JrV gwZ Aa g~ XodZ H$mo Z_r^yV XoI _Z
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gy` hV A{YH$ `mo{VdV h&&38&& `h H$mZ _Zmoha Xoe h `hm Ho$ g~ bmoH$ h[fV h& Aa _
H$mZ h Omo `hm H$m A{Yn{V ^`m h Aa _ H$mZ Y_ Cnm`m Omo Eogm Cm_ ^d nm`m h&&39&&
V~ dhm Ho$ Omo _w` Xod h {VZ {dZVr H$ar Omo `h nmMdm ~h_ Zm_m dJ h& Aa Amn ~h_ |
hmo` Vhm g~Z Ho$ dm_r ^ò hmo, _hm Vn H$a `hm Am` CnOo hmo V~ Amn Ad{Y H$a g~ dmmV
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H$a _moj nmd|J&o Aa m[aH$m Ho$ Xmh H$a Aa `Xde
Ho$ j` H$a bmoH$mndmX ^`m& gmo Vw_ Eogm
H$ah Omo âVjo {df| _oar _y{V eI MH$ JXm nX_m{X H$a emo{^V bmoJ nyO&| `h dMZ dmgwXdo
Ho$ Ca _| Yma ~bXod `mhr ^m{V H$aVo ^ò& XodZ H$m {H$`m H$hm Z hmo`&&46&& R>ma R>ma nwa Jm_m{X
{df| dmgwXdo Ho$ _pXa H$am` {VZH$s godm H$s {d{Y ~Vm` ~bXod dJ {df| Om` {OZoda H$s
godm H$aVo ^ò&&47&& AZoH$ Xod Aa Xodr {VZ H$a _{S>V dJ Ho$ A{Yn{V gwI ^moJVo ^ò&
`h H$Wm JmV_ dm_r Zo amOm lo{UH$ go H$hr& {\$a H$ho h - ho lo{UH$! `h Zohr OJV Ho$
OrdZ H$mo OJV {dfo ^_U H$amdo h Zoh Ho$ `moJ H$a Ohm {_ hmo` Vhm Om` H$a Zoh H$s
A{YH$Vm go Amn H$mo gwI m ^ò h Vo Z ^moJdo Aa XI H$m C_r hmo` VmV| `h ggma H$m Zoh hr
_moj Ho$ gwI H$m {dZ H$aZhmam h&&49&& lr Zo{_ZmW {OZ| H$m VrW _hm _moh H$m {dN>Xo H$aZhmam
Vm {df| daXm Zm_m _w{Z Ho$dbr ^ò& h[ade {df| OaHw$_ma amOm amO H$s Ywam Ymoar ^ò&&50&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm ^Jd{ZdmUdUZmo Zm_ nMfpQ>V_
gJ&&65&&
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{N>`mgR>dm gJ
AWmZVa - amOm OaHw$_ma am` H$ao VmHo$ am` _| Om AmZX H$mo m hmoVr ^B& amOm
_hm Vmnr {OZY_u VmHo$ amO H$mo bmoJ A{V Mmh|&&1&& gmo OaHw$_ma Zo amOm H$qbJ H$s nwr
naZr VmHo$ amOde H$s dOm g_mZ dgwdO Zm_m nw ^`m&&2&& Vm{h amO H$m ^ma gmn
OaHw$_ma _w{Z ^ò gV nwfZ Ho$ Hw$b H$s `hr ar{V h nw H$mo amO Xo` Amn Mm[a Ymao& &3&& {\$a
dgwdO Ho$ gwdgw Zm_m nw ^`m gmo M_m g_mZ Om H$mo {` amOm dgw gm[aIm Vmnr hmoVm
^`m& Aa dgw Ho$ ^r_ d_m ^`m, H$qbJ Xoe H$m nmbH$ Aa VmHo$ de _| AZoH$ amOm ^ò&&5&&
{\$a Vmhr de _| h[ade H$m Am^yfU amOm H${nQ> ^`m Aa VmHo$ AOmVew ^`m VmHo$
ewH$o Z ^`m& Aa VmHo$ {OVma Zm_m nw ^`m&&6&& VmHo$ {OVew ^`m gmo ho lo{UH$! Vm{h Vy H$hm
Z OmZo h& Omo amOm {gmW _hmdra dm_r Ho$ {nVm H$s N>mQo >r ~hZ naZm _hm VmndmZ ew _S>b
H$m OrVZhmam OJV {df| {g ^`m& lr ^JdmZ _hmdra H$m \y$\$m gmo ^w H$m O_ ^`m, V~
Hw$S>bnwa Am`m& gmo amOm {gmW Zo ~hV g_mZ {H$`m&&8&&
amOm {OVew _hm {OZY_u B g_mZ namH$_r VmHo$ èmoXm Zm_ amZr VmHo$ AemoH$dVr Zm_m
nwr gmo è Aa X`m H$a _hm n{d VmH$m AZoH$ amOH$`m g{hV lr _hmdra go {ddmh _Jb
dmN>Vm ^`m& `h hf XoIZo Ho$ _ZmoaW $n {df| Am$T> Wm gmo ^JdmZ drVamJ H$hm {ddmh H$a|&
Oo dm_mZw^{y V $n {g{ Ho$ H$aZhmao {VZHo$ r H$m H$hm `moOZ? O~ VrW}da Vn H$`mUH$
H$mo m ^ò, V~ do amOH$`m Am`H$m hmo` JB Aa ^JdmZ d`^y O~ Ho$db H$`mUH$ {df|
OJV Ho$ Vmado AW {~hma {H$`m V~ amOm {OVew amO VO _w{ZamO ^`m _hmVn {dfo dVm&&10&&
gmo Vn Ho$ ^mdH$a {OVew Ho$ Ho$dbkmZ JQ> ^`m _Zw` ^d H$m `hr \$b h Omo Ho$db nm`
_wpV Om`&&11&&
ho lo{UH$! `h H$Wm h[ade H$Wm Vmo{h gjno go H$hr& `h H$Wm bmoH$ {dfo {g h Aa
Mm~rg VrWo da Aa ~mah MH$o da Aa Zd ~bXod Zd dmgwXdo Zd {V dmgwXdo & ò {fpQ>
ebmH$m Ho$ _hmnwf {VZH$m Mm[a Vmo{h H$hm gmo `h nwamU n{V Vmo{h H$`mU Ho$ AW
hmoh& &13&& `h na_odar H$Wm JmV_ dm_r Ho$ _wI AZoH$ amOmAm| g{hV amOm lo{UH$ gwZH$a
ZJa _| J`m& ~ma~ma Z_H$ma H$aVm ^pV $n h ~w{ OmH$s gmo {Mm {dfo Y_ hr H$mo YmaVm
^`m& Aa MVw{ZH$m` Ho$ Xod Aa {dmYa ^w H$mo Um_ H$a AnZo AnZo WmZH$ Jò& Y_H$Wm
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Ho$ AZwamJr Y_ hr H$mo gma OmZVo ^ò&&14&& {ZdmU H$s h BN>m {OZHo$ Aa {OVew Ho$dbr
OJV ny` Am` jo {df| {dhma H$a AKm{V`m H$_ h jnm` Aj` Ym_ H$mo m ^ò, AZV gwI
H$m h AZw^d Ohm OmHo$ AW `Vr `VZ H$ao h gmo nX nm`m&&15&&
Aa dra {OZo h ^` OrdZ Ho$ g_yh H$mo g~moY H$a nmdmnwar Ho$ _Zmoha Zm_m CmZ Vo
H$m{VH$ dXr A_m~g ^mV g_` dm{V Zj {dfo `moJZ H$m {ZamoY H$a AKm{V`m H$_ h Inmò
Ogo Km{V`m H$_Z H$m KmV {H$`m Wm Vgo AKm{V`mZ hy H$m KmV H$a ~Y V a{hV Omo AndJ
WmZH$ {g jo Vhm {gYmao& {ZaVa h AZV gwI H$m g~Y Ohm&&17&& do {OZoda eH$a gwJV
gXm {ed na_ {dUw ew ~w _hoda nM H$`mUH$ Ho$ Zm`H$ MVw{ZH$m` Ho$ XodZ Ho$ Xod {ZdmU
m ^ò, V~ Bm{XH$ Xodm| Zo {ZdmU H$`mUH$ {H$`m& ^w Ho$ _m`m_B eara H$s nyOm H$a Xmh
{H$`m H$ar&&18&& ^w na_ Ym_ nYmao Vm {XZ MVwW H$mb Ho$ df VrZ Ama _mg gmT>m AmR> dmH$s
hV&o Xrnmogd Ho$ {XZ {OZda OJV Ho$ {eIa nYmao {Vg {XZ XodZ XrnZ Ho$ g_yh H$a dh nwar
H$me $n H$ar AmH$me Ama YaVr {dfo XrnZ H$s _mbm d{bV ^B&&19&&
Bm{XH$ g~ Xod Ama lo{UH$m{X gH$b ^yn lr_hmdra dm_r H$m {ZdmU H$`mUH$ XoI ^w
go kmZ H$s m{ H$s mWZm H$a AnZo AnZo WmZ Jò&&20&& Cg {XZ go âV jo {df| Xrn
_m{bH$m {g ^B& {V df ^` Ord {ZdmU H$s nyOm H$a| Aa bmoH$ Xrnmogd H$a|&&21&& Aa
^JdmZ H$mo _wpV Jò nrN>o ~mgR> df _| Ho$dbr ^ò JmV_, gwY_ Ama O~y dm_r gmo `h VrZm|
MVwW H$mb Ho$ CnOo nM_ H$mb _| nM_ J{V Omo {ZdmU Vhm nYmao Ama BZ nrN>o gm df _| nmM
lwVHo$dbr ^ò&&22&& Ama CZ nrN>o df EH$ gm Vramgr _| `mah AJ Aa Xg nyd Ho$ nmR>r _w{Z
Xg ^ò Ama {VZ nrN>o ~ag Xmo gm ~rg _| nmM _w{Z `mah AJ Ho$ nmR>r ^ò Ama {VZ nrN>o df
EH$ gm AR>mah _| Mma _w{Z EH$ AmMmamJ Ho$ nmR>r ^ò& {VZHo$ Zm_ gw^ O`^ èmo~mh
bmohmMm` `hm VH$ AJ aho&&23&&
{\$a BZ nrN>o AJZ Ho$ nmR>r Vmo Z ^ò naVw _hm {dmdmZ dVZ Ho$ YmaH$ ^ò {VZ_| H$B
EH$Z Ho$ Zm_ H$ho h - _hm Vn H$s h d{ {OZHo$ Eogo Z`Ya G${f, lw{V G${f, Jw{, {edJw,
Ah{b, _XamMm`, {_dra, ~b{_, qgh~b, dra{dV&&25&& nX_goZ, JwUnX_, JwUmJwUr,
{OVXS>, ZXrIoU, XrngoZ, Vn hr h YZ {OZHo$ Eogo lr YagoZ, Y_gZo , qghgoZ, gwZpXgoZ,
gyagoZ, A^`goZ&&27&& gw{gYgoZ, A^`goZ, ^r_goZ, {OZgoZ, em{VgoZ, g_V {gmV Ho$
domm fQ> ^mfmZ _| JwUdmZ fQ>IS > Ho$ AIS> ZmW hr h {OZHo$ eX AW AJmoMa Zmht&&28&&
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{\$a O`goZ Zm_m gXJw hmoVo ^ò& H$_ H${V Zm_m lw{V VmHo$ nmaJm_r BrZ Ho$ OoVm {g
d`mH$aUr _hm npS>V ^mddmZ g_V em g_w Ho$ nmaJm_r&&29&& {VZHo$ {e` A{_V VoO
Zm_m gXJw n{d nwZmQ>JU Ho$ AJUr {OZemgZ H$s dmg`Vm {OZHo$ _hm Vndr gm df D$na
h AdWm {OZH$s emXmZ Ho$ ~S>o XmVm npS>Vm| _| _w` {OZHo$ JwU n{Wdr _| {g {VZH$m
~S>m ^mB, Y_ H$m ghmoXa _hm emV gnUy ~w{ Y__{y V {OZH$s Vnmo_B H$s{V OJV _| {dVma
ahr& Eogo H$s{VgZo {VZH$m _w` {e` lrZo{_ZmW H$m na_ ^V {OZgoZ VmZo AnZr epV Ho$
AZwgma An ~w{ go mMrZ JW Ho$ AZwH$ _ h[ade H$s n{V H$hr gmo `m_| _mX Ho$ Xmof go
eX _| VWm AW _| H$ht ^yb hmo Vmo nwamU Ho$ nmR>r npS>V gwYma brOmo& EH$ Ho$dbr ^JdmZ hr
H$WZ _| Z MyH$| Ama g_V MyH$| VmH$m AMaO Zmht& H$hm `h egm `mo` h[ade nwamU $n
ndV Ama H$hm _oar An go An ~w{ H$m epV&&34&&
Omo H$mh R>ma AmIS>o Vmo H$hm AMaO h& `m nwamU {df| {OZo Ho$ de Ho$ VdZ H$a nw` H$s
Cn{m h& `hr dmN>m H$a _Zo dUZ {H$`m Ama H$m` ~Y go ~Y H$a H$s{V H$s H$m_Zm amI
H$WZ Z {H$`m&&35&& H$m` aMZm Ho$ Jd H$a VWm A` npS>Vm| go Bfm H$a _Zo `h Ama^ Z
{H$`m& Ho$db {OZamO H$s ^pV hr H$a `h H$WZ {H$`m& Mm~rg VrWH$a Ama mXe MH$Ya Ama
Zd hbYa Zd h[a Ama Zd {Vh[a BZH$m dUZ {H$`m Ama A` AZoH$ amOmZ Ho$ Mm[a H$ho&
^y{_JmoMar Ama {dmYa g~Z Ho$ de H$m dUZ `m {df h&&37&& Omo Y_ AW H$m_ _moj Ho$ gmYZ
hmao nwfmW Ho$ YmaH$ Yra nwf H$s{V Ho$ nwO
{VZH$s Vw{V H$a _ nw` Cnm`m, JwU gM` {H$`m
VmH$m `hr \$b h{O`mo Omo `m _Zw` bmoH$ Ho$ ^` Ord {OZ emgZ {dfo lm H$a| Aa Aew^ H$_
H$mo ha|&&38&& `h Zo{_ {OZoda H$m M[a gH$b Ordm{X nXmW H$m H$meH$ h `m_| fQ> ` g
Vd Zd nXmW nMmpVH$m` H$s $nUm h&&39&&
Omo _hm npS>V h gmo `mH$s g^m {df `m`mZ AnZo Aa namò {hVmW H$[a`mo Aa g^m {df|
Amd| Oo ^` Ord Vo H$mZ$n hVmObr H$a h[ade H$Wm $n A_V H$m nmZ H$[a`mo {OZo Zm_
JhUH$a Zd Jh H$s nrS>m Xa hmo` h& `h g_V nwamU AmmonmV dmM
o AWdm gwZo Vmo nmn H$m
Zme hmo` Bg{bò EH$mJ {Mm H$a npS>V OZ `mH$m `m`mZ AnZo Aa namò H$VmW Ho$ Am
H$ah& `m`mZ {ZO na H$m VmaH$ h&&42&& `h nwamU _Jb Ho$ A{W`m| H$mo _hm _Jb H$m H$maU
h Aa Omo YZ Ho$ AWu h {VZH$mo YZ H$s m{ H$m H$mam h&
Aa {Z{_mkm{Z`m| H$mo {Z{_mkmZ H$m H$maU h Aa _hm CngJ {df| eaU h em{V H$m H$mm
h Aa OZ H$m ~S>m eHw$Z em h ew^ gyMH$ h kmZmWuZ H$mo kmZ, `mZmWuZ H$mo `mZ,
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`moJmWuZ H$mo `moJ, ^moJmWuZ H$mo ^moJ, am`mWuZ H$mo am`, nwmWuZ H$mo nw, {dO`mWuZ H$mo
{dO` gd dVw H$m `h XmVm gdk drVamJ H$m nwamU h& Omo Mm~rgm| VrWo da H$m _hm ^V
Mm~rgm| emgZ XodVm MH$o dar nX_mdVr Ap~H$m dmbm_m{bZr Am{X g`pQ>Zr gmo g~ Bg
nwamU Ho$ Am{lV h& H$go h `h emgZ XodVm, gXm {OZY_ Aa {OZY_uZ Ho$ g_rn hr h&&44&&
Aa {JaZma {J[a {df| lr Zo{_ZmW H$m _pXa VmH$s CnmgH$ qghdm{hZr MH$ H$s YaZhmar OmHo$
AmJo jw XodVm Z {Q>H$| Eogr Ap~H$m H$`mU Ho$ AW {OZemgZ H$s godH$ h Vhm naMH$ H$m
{dZ H$go hmo`&&45&&
ZdJh Aa Agwa ZmJ ^yV {nemM amjg `h bmoJm| H$mo {hV H$r d{m {df| {dZ H$ao h& VmV|
~wYOZ {OZ emgZ Ho$ XodVmZ Ho$ Oo JwU {VZ H$a jw XodZ H$mo emV H$ao h&&46&& Oo ^pV H$a
`h h[ade nwamU nT>| {VZHo$ {~Zm IoX _Zdm{N>V H$m_ H$s {g{ hmo` Aa Y_ AW _moj H$s m{V
hmo`&&47&& VmV| Oo {ZH$nQ> Am` nwf h Vo nyOm g{hV `m nwamU H$mo n{Wdr {dfo {dVmah& H$hm
H$a `mH$y {dVmah _mg` H${hò namB CVm H$m Z ghZm Eogm AXoI gH$m ^md Vmo{h Y` Ho$ ~b
H$a ~bVm $n Omo ~w{ VmHo$ ^md Ho$ {Zdma H$a Aa OoVo _m`mMma Ho$ AmMaU h {VZ g~Z
H$mo VO H$a `mH$m ah` {dMmah&&48&&
AWdm ^` OrdZ go `h mWZm h H$mZ AW, do dV d^md hr `m{h nT>J| o dmMJ| o
{dVmaoJ| ,o Ogo ndV _oh H$s Ymam H$mo {ga na Ymao Aa n{Wdr {dfo {dVmao&&49&& `h loR> nwamU
mMrZ nwamU Ho$ J^ra eX VoB ^ò Ob {VZ H$a nyU gmo _w{Z _S>br $n ZXr Xmo` Z`Z $n
T>mòZ H$s YaZhmar {VZ H$a nyU Mmam| {Xe g_wmV {dVaoJm&&50&& do {OZoda Xodo Vd Ho$ Q>m
XodZ Ho$ g_yh H$a godZo `mo` O`dV hmoh,y Om H$mo A{V em{V Ho$ XoZhmao emV h _mJ {OZH$m
Aa {Z_b h {Zma{hV Ho$db Zo {OZHo$&&51&& Aa {OZY_ H$s nanam` O`dV hmohy Omo AZm{X
H$mb go H$mh H$a Or{V Z Om`& Aa Om {df| Hw$eb hmoh&y H$dh X{^j _{V hmohy _ar _{V hmoh
nmnr _{V hmoh,y nmnr amOm _{V hmoh&y Aa gwI Ho$ AW {V df ^br dfm hmohy Aa A{V dpQ>
AZmdpQ> _{V hmoh&y n{Wdr AZ Ob VU H$a gXm emo{^V ahmo& mUrZ H$mo H$mhy H$ma H$s nrS>m
_{V hmoh&y &52&&
{dH$_m{X` H$mo gmV gm nmM df `VrV ^ò, V~ `h JW ^`m& Vm g_` Cma {Xem H$m
amOm Bm`wY H$UamO H$m nw Wm& Aa X{jU {Xem H$m amOm lrdb^ hVm Aa nyd {Xem H$m
amOm AdpV hVm Aa npM_ H$m amOm dgamO hVm& `h Mmam| {Xem Ho$ Mmam| amOm _hm gyadra
OrV Ho$ d$n n{Wdr _S>b Ho$ ajH$ hV&o &53&& H$`mU H$a ~S>r h {dVrU b_r Ohm Eogm
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lr dY_mZnwa Vhm lr nmdZmW Ho$ M`mb` {df| amOm aZ Ho$ amO {dfo `h JW Ama^ Aa nyU
^`m& {\$a empVZmW Ho$ _pXa {dfo JW g_m {H$`m& nyOm ^B A{V Cg>d ^`m&
OrVr h Aa gK H$s emo^m OmZo Eogm loR> nwZmQ> Zm_m gK VmH$s n[anmQ>r {dfo Cn ^ò lr
{OZgoZ Zm_m AmMm` {VZ g`kmZ Ho$ bm^ Ho$ AW aMm `h h[ade M[a b_r H$m ndV gmo
`m n{Wdr {dfo ~hV H$mb A{V {ZMb {VR>m&o g~ {X{e {df| g~ OrdZ H$m ham h emoH$
OmZo&&54&&
B{V lrA[aQ>Z{o _nwamUgJh o h[adeo {OZgoZmMm`` H$Vm JwndH$_bdUZmo Zm_ fQ>fpQ>V_
gJ&&66&&
^`mo H$mZ {d{Y JW `h, ^mfm $n {demb&
gmo Vw_ gwZh _hm_Vr, {OZ Amkm {Vnmb&&1&&
O~yrn _Pma `h, âVjo ew^ WmZ&
VmHo $ Am[aO I S > _| , _` Xo e nadmZ&&2&&
ZJa gdmB O`nwam, Ohm ~go ~h `mV&
amOm n { Wdr qgh h , gmo H$Nw > dmhm OmV&&3&&
{eamo ^ mJ amOmZ _| , Ty > T >mhS> n{V gmo ` &
VmHo $ _ r lmdH$m, Am a `mVh hmo ` &&4&&
~hV ~g OZr Ohm, Ord X`m dV nmb&
nyOm H$a| {OZoo H$mo, AmJ_ gwZ| agmb&&5&&
~h V Ord lmdVr, MaMm _mqh gw O mZ&
JW A`mV_ AmJ_m, gwZo ~hV Ya H$mZ&&6&&
g H $ V ^mfm_`r, ^ò Ow Am{Xnw a mU&
nX_nwamUm{XH$ ~h[a, ^mfm ^ò {ZYmZ&&7&&
am`_b Ho$ {M ~hV, dV {H$`m nadrZ&
Jò Xoe _mbd {dfo, {OZemgZ bdbrZ&&8&&
Vhm gw Z mò J W CZ, ^mfm Am{Xnw a mU&
nX_nwamUm{XH$ VWm {VZH$mo {H$`m ~ImZ&&9&&
g~ ^mB amOr ^ò , gw Z H$a ^mfm $n&
{VZHo$ {M A{V hr ~T>r, Ymar H$Wm AZyn&&10&&
am`_b go g~Z Zo , H$ar mW Z m ò h &
H$admAmo h[ade H$s, ^mfm ~h JwU Joh&&11&&
AmJo Xm b Vam_ Zo , Q>rH$m ^mfm _mqh&
H$ar gmo hr A~ `h H$ao, `m_| ge` Zmqh&&12&&
V~ ô O r nr `hm , am`_b Ya ^md&
{bImo Ow gmY_uZ H$mo, H$aUo Y_ ^md&&13&&
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VWm Ow XmbVam_ H$mo, _b {bIr `h ~mV&

H$ah ^mfm h[ade H$s, g~Ho$ {Mm gwhmV&&14&&
g~ gmY_u {_bo O~, lr M`mb` _mqh&
^mfr XmbVam_ go, {OZ lwV go AK Omqh&&15&&
{OZdmUr ag A_Vm, Om g_ gwYm Z Ama&
OmH$a ^d â_U {_Q>o, nmdo {ZM` R>ma&&16&&
`m_| {db~ Z H$s{OE, H$amo erK hr òh&
g\$b hmo{h OmH$a ghr, Cm_ {_ZIm Xoh&&17&&
aVZM X XrdmZ BH$, ^y n V Ho $ naYmZ&
{VZHo $ ^mB ew ^ _Vr, {dYrM X nadmZ&&18&&
gmo XmbV Ho$ {_ A{V, ^ò Ow C_ $n&
{VZHo $ AmJ h Vo `h, Q>rH$m ^B AZy n &&19&&
XmbV Zo A{V ^md Ya, ^mfm H$sZmo JW&
_hm emV ag H$mo âmo, gwJ_ _wpV H$mo nW&&20&&
grVmam_ Omo bo I H$m, Am a gdmB am_&
{VZ na {bIdm`mo Ow `h, ~hV H$Wm H$mo Ym_&&21&&
VmH$a gwYao ^d `h, A nmdo ew^ bmoH$&
hmodo A{V AmZX A, H$~h Z CnOo emoH$&&22&&
gwIr hmoh amOm Om, hmoh gH$b XI Xa&
nS>mo Y_ {OZXod H$mo, Om{h ~ImZo gya&&23&&
`m{V IS>ob Ow dmb h, Jmo H$mgbrdmb&
gwV h AmZX am_ H$mo, ~gdo dmg {demb&&24&&
godH$ Za n{V H$mo ghr, Zm_ gw XmbVam_&
VmZo `h ^mfm H$ar, On H$a {OZda Zm_&&25&&
AQ>R>mah gm g`Vm, Vmna Ya JwU Vrg&
dma ewH$ ny`mo {VWr, M _mg a{V Bg&&26&&
Vm {XZ `h nyaU ^`m, lr h[ade nwamU&
nT>mo gwZmo A gaXhmo, n{S>V H$amo ~ImZ&&27&&
lr h[ade nwamU H$s, ^mfm gwZh gwOmZ&
gH$b JW g`m ^B, CZrg ghg _mU&&28&&
Xmo hOma A Mma gm Vm D$na n M mg&
gdV dra {OZoe H$m, {H$`m JW naH$mg&&29&&
&& B{V lr h[adenwamU ^mfmdM{ZH$m gnyU &&
&& g_mV&&

Gunbdf Dfjuis,, Skduiik

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Shree Kundkund-Kahan Parmarthik Trust, Mumbai.

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