1.

Key Concept: Ionic bonds form when electrons are

_________ from one atom to another atom.
transferred
Like all chemical bonds, ionic
bonds form so that the
________ ______ _____ of
the atoms in the bonds are filled.
outermost energy levels
In an ionic bond, one atom has
____ electrons.
lost
The other atom has ______
electrons.
gained
2. Atoms will lose or gain electrons to have 8 electrons in
their _____ ______ level.
Wants to lose 1
electron
Wants to gain 1
electron
outer energy
sodium
chlorine
This is a happy atom!
REMEMBER,
3, A transfer of electrons between atoms changes the
______of electrons in each atom.
number
But the number of _______ stays the ____
in each atom.
protons
The atoms become ____.
ions
same
4. Ions are ______ _______that form when
atoms gain or lose electrons.
If an ion has more protons than
electrons, it is a _______ ion.
If an ion has more electrons
than protons, it is a _______ ion.
charged particles
positive
negative
Atoms that lose electrons form ______ ___ because
these atoms have ____ ______than electrons.
There are more positive charges than negative charges.
The net charge on these ions is _______.
positive
positive ions
more protons
6. Atoms of most metals have ___ electrons in their
outermost energy level.
When _____ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to
lose these valence electrons and form ______ ____.
positive ions
metal atoms
few
The chemical symbol for the aluminum ion is Al
3+.
7. When an atom loses electrons, _____ is needed to
overcome the attraction of the electrons to the protons
in the nucleus.
The metals in Groups 1 and 2 react _____ because
the energy needed to remove electrons from their
atoms is so _____.
energy
easily
small
Atoms that gain electrons form ______ ___ because
these atoms have ____ _______ than protons.
There are more negative charges than positive charges.
The net charge on these ions is _______.
negative
negative ions
more electrons
9. Atoms of most nonmetals have _____ ___ outermost
energy levels.
When _______ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend
to gain electrons to fill their outermost level and form
______ ____.
negative ions
nonmetal atoms
almost full
The chemical symbol for the oxide ion is O
2-
.

10. Atoms of most nonmetals ___ their outermost energy
level by ______ _______.
Energy is _____ ___ by most nonmetal atoms when
they ____ electrons.
fill
given off
gain
The ____ _____ an atom gains an electron, the
____ _____ the atom releases.
The _______, such as fluorine and chlorine, are
___ _______ because they release
a ____ ______ of energy.
gaining electrons
more easily
more energy
halogens
very reactive
large amount
An ____ ____ forms because of the strong forces of
________ between the ______ ____ ___ and the
_______ ______ ___.
ionic bond
attraction positive metal ions
negative nonmetal ions
The _______ ______of the ions causes the ions to
____ _______.
opposite charges
stick together
When a metal and a nonmetal combine by ionic bonding,
the _______ _______ has ________ ________ than
the metal and nonmetal did.
resulting compound different properties
The ions that make up an ionic compound are bonded
in a repeating three-dimensional pattern called a
_____ _____.
crystal lattice
The crystal lattice is
built up so that the
positive ions are
_______to the
negative ions.
nearest
brittle solids at room temperature
high melting points
very high boiling points
break apart when hit with a hammer
magnesium oxide melts at 2,800

C
high solubility in water
sea water tastes salty because it has sodium chloride
and many other ionic compounds dissolved in it