TRAUMA

KIMIA
TRAUMA KIMIA
Kasus kegawatan oftalmik
Dibagi 2 : Trauma Asam
Trauma Basa
Trauma Basa > merusak dibanding Trauma Asam
Basa bereaksi dengan lemak penyabunan merusak sel
membran
Berat ringan tergantung
Vol
Konsentrasi
Kecepatan difusi
CaOH ringan
KOH
NaOH
Ammonium Hydroxide
COMMON ACIDS AND ALKALI
PRODUCK CHEMICAL Ph
Alkalies
Dishwasher detergent Sodium tripolyphosphate 12,0
Oven cleaners Sodium hydroxide 1,4
Ammonia Ammonium hidroxide 12,5
Drain cleaner Sodium or potasium hydroxide 14
Acids
Toilet cleaner Sulfuric acid ( 80 % ) 1,0
Pool cleaners Sodium or calcium hypochloride 1,0
Battery fluid Sulfuric acid ( 30 % ) 1,0
Bleaches Sodium hypochloride 1,0
TRAUMA-ALKALI THOFT
Derajat 1 : Hiperemi Konjungtiva
Keratitis Pungtata
Derajat 2 : Hiperemi Konjungtiva
Hilangnya Epitel Kornea
Derajat 3 : Hiperemi/Nekrosis Konjungtiva
Hilangnya Epitel Kornea
Derajat 4 : Konjungtiva Perilimbal
Nekrosis 50 %
CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALI BURNS
Grade 1
Corneal epithelial damage
No conjunctival ischemia
Good prognosis
Grade 3
Total epithelial loss with stromal haze, iris detail
seen nne third to one-half of limbus ischemic
vision reduced, perforation rare

Grade 2
Hazy cornea, iris detail seen
Less than one third of limbus ischemic
Good prognosis
Grade 4
Cornea opaque, no details or iris seen
More than one-half of limbus ischemic
Poor prognosis, chronic course

PENGOBATAN
TRAUMA - ALKALI
1. Netralisasi Irigasi dengan
air 30 menit
2. Ukur PH Air-mata
3. Debridement, Antibiotika
4. Diberikan Sikloplegik
5. Hati-hati dengan Steroid
6. Lensa Kontak
TRAUMA ASAM
Penetrasi Zat Asam kejaringan
berlangsung lambat,
karena terjadi koagulasi protein
sama dengan penanganan
Trauma Alkali
PENANGANAN
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