AP Calculus AB & BC Solutions, 2014 Form A

This guide contains all the solutions to the free-response questions from both the AB and BC exams. Note
that some of the problems are common to both tests, but have only been printed once.
Calculus AB-only problems
2(a) We need to nd the points of intersection so we set y = f(x) = x
4
2.3x
2
+ 4 = 4 = x = 0 and
x = 2.3. So the volume is
V
y=2
=
_
2.3
0
[f(x) (2)]
2
dx =
_
2.3
0
[f(x) + 2]
2
dx = 33.244
2(b) The length of a leg is y f(x) =4 (x
4
2.3x
3
+ 4) = 2.3x
3
x
4
. Since we are dealing with right
triangles, both legs are congruent and the area of each cross section is just
1
2
leg leg. So the volume
is
_
2.3
0
1
2
(2.3x
3
x
4
)
2
dx = 3.574
2(c) The area of R is
_
2.3
0
[4 (x
4
2.3x
3
+ 4)] dx. We simplify and split the integral:
_
k
0
2.3x
3
x
4
dx =
_
2.3
k
2.3x
3
x
4
dx
Solving the equation above will nd the value of k the problem seeks.
Page 2
5(a) f has a relative minimum whenever the sign of f

changes from a negative number to a positive number.

This occurs only at x = 1.
5(b) Since
f

(1) f

(1)
1 (1)
= 0, the mean value theorem guarantees some c such that f

(c) = 0.
5(c) We just use the chain-rule:
h

(x) =
1
f(x)
f

(x) =
f

(x)
f(x)
From the table, we nd that h

(3) =
1
2
7
=
1
14
.
5(d) The key is to recognize that
_
f

(g(x)) g

(x) dx = f(g(x)) + C by the chain-rule. Now the problem is

easy:
_
3
2
f

(g(x)) g

(x) dx = f(g(3)) f(g(2)) = f(1) f(1) = 2 8 = 6

Page 3
6(a) I dont know how to make a graph using this software, but just use a graphing calculator to plot the
solution to part (c) and see how your sketch compares.
6(b) We nd the slope using
dy
dx
:
dy
dx

(0,1)
= (3 1) cos 0 = 2
The equation of the tangent line is y 1 = 2x = y = 2x + 1 . At x = 0.2 we nd that y(0.2) =
f(0.2) = 2(0.2) + 1 = 1.4 .
6(c) Separation of variables and then algebra:
dy
dx
= (3 y) cos x
dy
3 y
= cos x dx
_
dy
3 y
=
_
cos x dx
ln |3 y| = sin x + C
Plug in (0, 1) to nd that ln |3 1| = sin 0 + C =C = ln 2. We now deal with the algebra:
ln |3 y| = sin x + ln 2
e
ln |3y|
= e
sin x+ln 2
3 y = 2e
sin x
Rearranging we get the nal solution to be y = 3 2e
sin x
Page 4
Calculus AB & BC Solutions
1(a) The average rate of change of A(t) on 0 t 30 is
A(30) A(0)
30 0
= 0.197 pound/day.
1(b) A

(15) = 0.164. This means that the amount of grass clippings in the bin at the beginning of day
15, in pounds, is decreasing at the rate of 0.164 pound/day.
1(c) We want t such that A(t) =
1
30
_
30
0
A(t) dt. Using our calculator we nd that
1
30
_
30
0
A(t) dt = 2.7526.
Thus, we have A(t) = 2.7526 =6.687(0.931)
t
= 2.7526 = t = 12.415 .
1(d) We have A

(30) = 0.05598 and A(30) = 0.78293. Thus, we have L(t) 0.78293 = 0.05598(t 30)
and want to nd t such that L(t) = 0.5; so we have 0.5 0.78293 = .05598(t 30) = t = 35.054 .
Page 5
2(a) The area of the shaded region is
9
4
+
_
/2
0
1
2
r
2
d = 9.708
2(b) x = r cos = cos (3 2 sin 2);
dx
d

3
= 2.366 .
2(c) Solution 1. - Rectangular The distance between the two curves is
_
(x
1
x
2
)
2
+ (y
1
y
2
)
2
. Let
r
1
= 3 and r
2
= 3 2 sin(2). We have x
1
= 3 cos and y
1
= 3 sin . We have x
2
= cos (3 2 sin(2))
and y
2
= sin (3 2 sin(2)). So x
1
x
2
= 2 sin 2 cos = a and y
1
y
2
= 2 sin sin 2 = b. Enter
a
2
+ b
2
into Y
1
and take the numerical derivative of

Y
1
at =

3
to get that the rate of change is
2.000 .
Solution 2. - Polar Note that r
1
r
2
= 2 sin 2 = distance between the two curves at =

3
. The
derivative of 2 sin 2 at =

3
is 4 cos
_
2

3
_
= 2 .
2(d) Note that
dr
d

d
dt
=
dr
dt
. Thus,
dr
dt
= 4 cos(2) 3 = 12 cos 2 = 12 cos
_
2

6
_
= 6 =
dr
d

6
= 6 .
Page 6
3(a) g(3) =
_
3
3
f(t) dt; this is the area bounded by the graph of f and the x-axis on [3, 3]. Thus
g(3) =
1
2
(5)(4) +
1
2
(1)(2) =g(3) = 9
3(b) g is increasing when f(t) is positive and concave down when the slope of the line tangent to f(t) is
negative. This occurs on (5, 3) and on (0, 2). (Note: x = 5 meets these conditions, but is excluded
because the problem species open intervals)
3(c) h

(x) =
5xg

(x) 5g(x)
25x
2
; g(3) = 9 and g

(3) =
4 4
4 0
= 2; so h

(3) =
5(3)(2) 5(9)
25(3
2
)
=
1
3
.
3(d) p

(x) = f

(x
2
x) (2x 1) =p

(1) = f

(2) 3 = 2 3 = 6
Page 7
4(a) The average acceleration of train A on 2 t 8 is
v
A
(8) v
A
(2)
8 2
=
110
3
meters/minute.
4(b) Yes since v
A
is continuous, v
A
(5) = 40 and v
A
(8) = 120 it follows from the intermediate value
theorem that v
A
(t) = 100 at some time 5 t 8.
4(c) The position of train A at t = 12 is given by
_
12
2
v
A
(t) dt + 300 , where the +300 comes from the fact
that V
a
(2) = 300.
A trapezoidal approximation gives
1
2
(3)(100 + 40) +
1
2
(3)(40 120) +
1
2
(4)(120 150) = 450. So,
train A is approximately 450 meters west of its starting point at t = 12.
4(d) Let d be the distance between train A and train B. We want d

at t = 2. Let d
A
be the east-west
distance of train A from the origin, and let d
B
be the north-south distance of train B from the origin.
By the distance formula
d
2
= d
2
A
+ d
2
B
Taking the derivative of each term with respect to time t and cancelling factors of 2:
dd

= d
A
d

A
+ d
B
d

B
We know that d = 500 because d is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs d
A
= 300 and d
B
= 400.
We know from the table that d

A
= v
A
= 100 at t = 2, and we know from the function v
B
= d

B
that
v
B
(2) = 125. We just substitute and solve for d

:
500d

= 300(100) + 400(125) =5d

= 300 + 4(125) =d

= 60 + 100 = 160
The rate of change of the distance between the trains is 160 meters/minute .
Page 8
5(a) R =
_
1
0
xe
x
2
(2x) dx =
_
1
0
xe
x
2
+ 2xdx =
_
e
x
2
2
+ x
2
_

1
0
=
e + 1
2
5(b) V
y=2
=
_
1
0
_
(xe
x
2
+ 2)
2
(2x + 2)
2
_
dx
5(c) We can consider each of the 3 parts of the perimeter separately.
For y = 2x: The graph forms a right triange with the x-axis with legs 1 and 2; thus the hypotenuse
(part of the perimiter) is

5.
For x = 1: At x = 1 the value of xe
x
2
is e and the value of y = 2x is 2. Thus the perimeter
is e (2) = e + 2.
For y = xe
x
2
: The formula for the length of this curve is
_
1
0
_
1 + f

(x)
2
dx; so the perimeter is
_
1
0
_
1 +
_
2x
2
e
x
2
+ e
x
2
_
2
dx.
So the total perimeter P is P =
_
1
0
_
1 +
_
2x
2
e
x
2
+ e
x
2
_
2
dx + e + 2 +

5 .
Page 9
6(a) The series converges if lim
n

t
n+1
t
n

< 1. So we have
lim
n

(1)
n+2
2
n+1
n + 1
(x 1)
n+1

n
2
n
(1)
n+1
(x 1)
n

< 1
|(1)(2)(x 1)
n
| < 1 =|(x 1)| <
1
2
Thus R =
1
2
6(b) The nth term of f

is (1)
n+1
2
n
(x 1)
n1
(just take the derivative of the nth term of f). Let T

(x)
n
represent the n term Taylor series for f

about x = 1, so we have
T

(x)
3
= 2 4(x 1) + 8(x 1)
2
+ . . . + (1)
n+1
2
n
(x 1)
n1
+ . . .
6(c) T

(x)
n
is a geometric series with rst term 2 and ratio 2(x 1).
This series converges to
2
1 [2(x 1)]
=
2
2x 1
. To nd f we must integrate this expression (since
it represents f

). So,
_
2
2x 1
dx = ln |2x 1| + C
So, f(x) = ln |2x 1| + C. We now need to eliminate C. Note that f(1) = C because ln 1 = 0. If you
write the Taylor series for f(x) using the sum given in the probem, you will nd that f(1) = 0 because
all the terms have a factor of x 1 and thus go out to 0. Thus C = 0 and f(x) = ln |2x 1| .
Page 10